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 D I C T I O N A R Y,

PERSIAN, A R A BIC, AND ENG LIS H.

 D I CTI O N A R Y.
PERSI A N, A R A BIC, AND E N G L IS H ;

WITH A

D IS S E R T A TI O N
ON

THE LANGUAGES, LITE RATURE, A N D M A N N E RS

OE

EASTE RN N A TI O N S.

By JOHN RICHARDSON, Esq., F.S.A.

Of the Middle Temple, and of Wadham College, Oxford.

REVISED AND IMPROVED BY CHARLES WILKINS, Esq., LL.D. F.R.S.

A NEW EDITION, CONSIDERABLY ENLARGED,

By FRANCIS J O HNSON.

L O N DO N :

Printed by J. L. Cox, Great Queen Street,

FOR PAR BURY, ALLEN, & Co.; T. CADELL; C., J., G., AND F. RIVINGTON, LONG MAN, REES, ORME, & Co.:
J. RICHARDSON; J. M. RICHARDSON; S. BAGSTER: J. BOOKER, HARDING AND LEPARD;
J. BOHN: H. T. HODGSON; R. SCHOLEY ; SMITH, ELDER, & Co.; HOWELL & Co.;
J. COCHRAN ; AND W. MASON.

1829.
 TO THE HON O U R A B L E

THE COURT OF DIRECTO RS

rott the affairs or

THE UNITED COMPANY OF MERCHANTS OF ENGLAND

TRADING TO THE EAST-INDIES,

this

TH E THIRD E D IT I O N OF

RICHARDSON'S

P E R S I A N, A R A B I C, A N D E N G L I SH

D I C T I O N A R Y,

JS,

BY THEIR PERMISSION, AND UNDER THEIR GRACIOUS PATRONAGE,

RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED,

is Y

THEIR MOST OREDIENT AND

VERY HUMBLE SERVANT,

T H E E D ITO R.
 P. R. E. F. A. C. E.

In the notice prefixed to the last edition of Richardsons Dictionary, the learned Editor
has briefly enumerated the various additions and improvements made in that work,
together with the sources from which they were derived. It may now be merely necessary
to repeat, that the quarto edition of 1806 was, with great labour, revised and enlarged
by Charles Wilkins, Esq., LL.D. F.R.S.; and was enriched with upwards of twenty
thousand words, many of which were pure Persian, and almost all exclusively drawn
from original dictionaries. The orthography of the first edition, likewise, was revised
and corrected on a uniform plan. Several letters of the Persian alphabet were so arranged
as to prevent the confusion and difficulty of reference which existed in the original work;
and, finally, a fount of Persian types was cast under his immediate inspection, which has
been again used for this edition.
It remains for the present Editor to state, concisely, what improvements have been
attempted by him in this, the third edition, and the authorities from which he has drawn
his materials. Richardson's Dictionary being little else than a limited translation from
the great Thesaurus of Meninski, and chiefly intended for the use of Persian students; it
became necessary to institute a rigid comparison between both works : the result was the
correction of numerous errors in translation ; and the insertion of many thousand Arabic
words, which Richardson had purposely omitted, because their occurrence in Persian

authors was deemed improbable. But these words have not been inserted on the sole
authority of Meninski, or of Golius : in all cases of doubt, a direct reference was made
to the v-, 3 Kms, where Golius, in extracting the contents of his excellent lexicon,
had left untouched several thousand words, as well as a variety of allusions connected
with geography, biography, and history. Willmet's Arabic Lexicon has been wholly

incorporated with the present edition ; but that portion of it which was explanatory of
Hariri being confined to the first six chapters, the words of the remaining forty-four
chapters have been taken from the Arabic Scholia, published in Paris by the cminent
Oriental scholar the Baron Silvestre de Sacy, in his beautiful edition of the Makmtu'l
Hariri. Gladwin's works have afforded numerous terms in botany, the materia medica,
 8

rhetoric, and Muhammadan law. The late Doctor William Hunter's valuable Hindstn
Dictionary has furnished the local meanings of Arabic and Persian words in their current
acceptations throughout our widely extended Eastern empire.
It is well known to Oriental scholars that the Arabic language has not received the
attention in this country which was due to so important a branch of literature: particularly
when its indispensable necessity for the complete understanding of Persian authors is
considered. The want of a dictionary, Arabic and English, may have contributed to this
neglect; it has therefore been the object of the Editor to remedy in some measure the
deficiency. He hopes that this consideration will be accepted as a sufficient reason for
having introduced so many additional words of Arabic origin. The present work contains
such Arabic roots (marked with an asterisk *) as are of frequent recurrence, with their
most obvious acceptations. The conjugations to which infinitives or verbal nouns belong,
have been introduced, and the order observed by European lexicographers has been ad
hered to, although varying from the arrangement followed in India by scholars of high and
merited reputation. Where Arabic plurals occur, their singular form has almost invariably
been inserted with them. In order to make the sense of each Arabic infinitive as definite as
possible, it had been originally proposed to explain verbal nouns, according as they were
active or neuter, by the words the act, or state of, in such phrases as the act
of killing, the state of sleeping. But it was soon felt that these expressions would
add much to the bulk of a volume, already too likely to swell into an inconvenient size.
The student, however, will carefully bear in mind that, though they are generally explained
by a word ending in ing, such as els inlak, ruining, J, ghark, drowning, as katr,
dropping, these words are never to be considered as present participles, but always as nouns.
It may be proper to observe, wherever the Persian infinitives occur, that, in addition to their
ordinary signification, they have also, inherently, the power of a gerund or verbal noun.
This remark had been previously made by the learned editor of the second edition; and the
student will find, in the course of his reading, numerous examples of its accuracy. The
first line of the Gulistn will furnish an instance in point; e -j-, -- < 3 - V_s
pdshh r shamidam kih ha kushtan-i asri ishrat kard, I heard of a certain king who gave
the signal for the putting to death of a captive.Among the improvements in the Persian
part of this edition, is the introduction of many pure Persian words. Some of these have
been extracted from that useful Persian Dictionary the t les, Burhn-i kli: , which,
although in great measure incorporated by Doctor Wilkins in the quarto edition, has still
furnished a considerable number of words of purely Persian origin.
 A
D IS S E R T A T I O N
ON THE
LA N G U A G E S, L IT E R A TU R E, A N D M A N N E R S
or
EASTERN NATIONS.
The manners of mankind must ever form an
interesting inquiry. In every age and climate
they display a wonderful diversity of character;
and exhibit a picture so variously coloured, that
we are convinced by experience alone, that the
great original of the whole is man. In all in
vestigations of this important subject, Language
claims a superior degree of attention: in many
points it will be found a most unerring guide; and,
when viewed on philosophic ground, may be
considered as the great barometer of the barbarity
or civilization of a people. A poverty of dialect
is generally accompanied by savageness and igno
rance; refinement is only advanced by a general
diffusion of knowledge; and knowledge must
necessarily be confined within narrow limits, till
written language has conveyed it through every
order of men. No authority can at the same time
so decisively fix the peculiar habits and pursuits of
a nation as the sounds by which they articulate
their ideas. The vanity of a traveller may
heighten a plain story into the marvellous; and
the credulity of a historian may give a currency
to the fiction: but when radical words in any
tongue are expressive of certain customs, objects,
and modes of thinking, our reason cannot, for a
moment, entertain a doubt of their existence.
Into this train of thought I have been led by
that minute attention to the analysis of the Persian
and Arabic idioms, which the construction of my
work unavoidably required: and I was willing to
soften the extreme painfulness of incessant labour,
by occasionally tracing, together with Eastern lan
guage, the opposition and coincidence of Asiatic
and European customs. Some points will of con
sequence be touched, which, at first view, may
have no apparent tendency to advance the ac
quisition of those tongues: yet the mere science
of words is, after all, but the outline of language;
whilst the colouring and expression are only to be
found in the virtues and the genius, in the vices
and the follies of a people. In the course of this
enquiry I shall have occasion, at the same time,
to doubt of many received opinions; and to ques
tion the positions of some superior men: whose
want of knowledge in the languages of the East
has produced much false reasoning; whilst their
attachment to system has heaped error upon error,
and raised splendid fabrics upon pillars of ice.
The origin of ancient tongues, like all research
into high antiquity, is naturally involved in per
plexity and darkness; and every disquisition,
however ingenious, must rest at last on the uncer
tain basis of fancy and conjecture. Yet, on this
b
ii D ISS E R T A TI O N.
visionary field, learned and pious men have disputed
with much want of temper. The original idiom
of man has been considered as an interesting pur
suit; and advocates have been found for the
superior claim of every ancient tongue: Adam
has been taught dialects he never knew ; and the
language even of Omnipotence they have not
blushed to determine with precision. To pierce
through the obscurity of those distant periods,
seems however above the powers of man; and to
have no other tendency, than unprofitably to be
wilder the human understanding. I shall avoid
therefore those unknown regions through which
there appears no guide; and confine myself to the
simple information of reason and probability."
The source of the Arabic Language lies far
beyond historic proof. Grammarians carry the
older dialect to the family of Heber, the fourth in
descent from Noah ; and the more modern to
Ishmael, the son of Abraham. These are Arabian
tales; yet they apparently furnish this strong con
clusion; that when nations have recourse to fable
and tradition for the epoch of an invention, no
period within the demonstration of record can
possibly be found to fix its more exact commence
ment. Though rude perhaps in its origin, and
gradual in its progress to improvement, the richness
of the Arabic has been long proverbial; and many
circumstances have concurred to render it not
only the most copious of any known tongue; but
to preserve it uncorrupted amidst all the political
and literary revolutions of surrounding states.
The Arabians were never conquered. The
Romans, the Persians, and the Ethiopians, made
indeed, at different times, impressions upon par
ticular districts; but they were all too slight, and
of too short duration, to introduce any material
alteration into their government, their language,
or their manners. From very early times, this
immense peninsula was divided into many states;
some independent, and others tributary to the
Tubbas or Himyarit sovereigns of Arabia Felix.
In those states many different dialects prevailed;
the principal of which were the Himyarit and the
Kuraysh. The first, though the language of the
most powerful of the Arabian princes, appears how
ever to have been little cultivated by the indepen
dent tribes; or even by those who paid them a
feudal obedience: a remarkable instance of which
is related by Muhammadan writers. An envoy
from a feudatory state having been sent to the
Tubba, that prince, when he was introduced, pro ..
nounced the word Theb ; which in the Himyarit
implied Be seated : unhappily it signified Precipi
tate yourself in the native dialect of the ambassador;
who, with a singular deference for the orders of
his sovereign, without hesitation or enquiry, threw
himself instantly from the castle-wall and perished.
The Kuraysh tribe were the noblest and the most
learned of all the Western Arabs: they were also
the greatest merchants, and carried on an exten
sive commerce with every adjacent state; whilst
the Kaaba, or Square Temple of Mecca, which,
before the era of Muhammad, was solely under
their guardianship, drew annually a great con
course of pilgrims from every Arabian tribe, and
every country where the Sabean religion prevailed.
Where many strangers are accustomed to assemble
at stated times, politeness and refinement are a
natural consequence. Numbers of the pilgrims
were people of the first rank, and possessed of all
the science peculiar to their country or their age.
Great fairs were held during their residence, and
a variety of gay amusements filled up the intervals
of their religious duties. Of those entertainments,
literary compositions held the most distinguished
rank; every man of genius considering not his
own reputation alone, but even that of his nation
or his tribe, as interested in his success. Poetry
and rhetoric were chiefly cultivated and admired :
the first being looked upon as highly ornamental;
and the other as a necessary accomplishment in
the education of every leading man. An assem
bly, at a place called Ukz, had been, in con
sequence, established about the end of the sixth
century; where all were admitted to a rivalship of
genius. The merits of their respective produc
tions were impartially determined by the assembly
 D ISS E R T A TION.
at large; and the most approved of their poems,
written on silk, in characters of gold, were, with
much solemnity, suspended in the temple, as the
highest mark of honour which could be con
ferred on literary men. These poems were called
Muallakit (suspended), or Muzahhabt (golden).
Seven of them are in many European libraries,
being the compositions of Amru'l Kays, Tarafa, Zu
hayr, Labid, Antara, Amru, and Hrith. A story
told of Labid and Muhammad displays the genius
and manners of the Arabians in those days. It
was customary for the great poets to fix, upon the
gate of the temple, distichs, or longer composi
tions, as a general challenge against the next
meeting of the Ukz assembly. Labid had put up
a couplet there, which was thought so sublime,
that none would hazard any thing in competition:
till Muhammad at length placing by it the opening
of the second chapter of the Kurn, Labid no
sooner saw it, than he conceived it to be something
divine; tore down his own verses; and imme
diately, from being a determined enemy to the
new religion, became one of Muhammad's firmest
and most powerful friends. He was particularly
useful in answering the lampoons of the prince
Amrul Kays, who continued, till his death, one
of the prophet's keenest and most formidable op
ponents.
From this uncommon attention to promote emu
lation and refine their language, the dialect of the
Kuraysh was the purest, the richest, and the most
polite of all the Arabian idioms. It was prefer
ably studied; and became, about the beginning of
the seventh century, the general language of Ara
bia; the other dialects being either incorporated,
or sliding gradually into disuse. By this singular
idiomatic union, like the confluence of many
streams into one large river, the Arabic has ac
Tired an uncommon fulness; whilst the luxu
riance of synonymes, and the equivocal or opposite
*nses of the same or similar words, have furnished
their writers with a wonderful power of indulging,
in the fullest range, their favourite passion for
"tithesis and quaint allusion. Examples of the
iii
contrary senses, in which the same words are re
ceived, may be found in almost every page of the
Dictionary; but a short anecdote from the history
of the Caliphs will show how much Eastern genius
pointed to such distinctions. The great Mahmd,
Sultan of the Ghaznavides, though the son of a
slave, after having stretched his conquests over a
great part of India and Tartary, in the beginning
of the eleventh century, sent an ambassador to the
Caliph Alkdir, requesting from that prince, as
the fountain of honour among the Muhammadans,
a title suitable to his rank and power. The
Caliph, on account of the meanness of his origin,
declined compliance for twelve months: till urged
by the ambassador, and dreading Mahmd's resent
ment, he sent him at length the ambiguous title
G. wali, which implies, A prince, a friend, and also
a slave. Mahmd easily penetrated the Caliph's
meaning; and sent him immediately 100,000 pieces
of gold, with a wish to know, whether a letter
had not been omitted. Alkdir took the hint, and
despatched instantly letters patent in full form,
creating him J, wli, which signifies, without
equivocation, a Sovereign independent Prince.
As the Pagan Arabians had a number of dia
lects, they had also a variety of characters; but
all of them were so perplexed in their formation,
and so difficult in their use, that about the begin
ning of the seventh century they adopted the in
vention of Murmir Ibn Murrat, a native of Baby
lonian Irk. In this character the Kurn was
originally written : it was afterwards improved
under the denomination of Kik ; and continued
in use till the appearance of the Niskhi, in the
tenth century of our era. As this new mode of
writing soon universally prevailed, the other gra
dually declined ; and it is now only to be found
in the manuscripts and inscriptions of the first
ages of the Hijra. The Niskhi, which, with some
variation and corruption, is the same which now
prevails in Arabia, Persia, India, and other Eastern
countries, is generally ascribed to Ibn Mulah, vizier
to the Caliphs Al Muktadir, Al Khir, and Arrz,
who reigned from 908 to 940 of our era: but it
b 2
iv D ISS E R T A TI O N.
afterwards underwent the alterations and improve
ments of many eminent penmen of distinguished
rank; particularly of Nizm and Tughry, viziers
to the Sultans Jalluddin and Masd; and of
Ykt, secretary to Al Mustasim, the last of the
Caliphs of Bagdad."
The language spoken anciently in Persia opens
a wide field for unsatisfactory enquiry. Dr. Hyde
derives it from that of Media; which is much the
same as deducing one jargon of the Saxon Hep
tarchy from another. The union of those people,
named by Europeans the Medes and Persians, is
of such high antiquity, that it is lost in darkness;
and long precedes every glimmering we can dis
cover of the origin of their speech: whatever their
language was, therefore, it must have evidently
been very early the same, with the simple and
common variation of provincial idiom. But in this
tongue we have no genuine remains. We are told,
indeed, that it was the language in which Zoroas
ter promulgated his religion and laws; but this
advances not our inquiry: for where or when did
Zoroaster live? and where do the works which
have been attributed to him exist? The writers
both of the East and West speak so vaguely, and
differ so pointedly, with regard to this personage,
that it is completely impossible to fix either the
country or the period which gave him birth: whilst
the Zartusht of the Persians bears so little resem
blance to the Zoroaster of the Greeks, that unless
Dr. Hyde, and other Orientalists, had resolved, at
all events, to reconcile the identity of their persons,
we should have much difficulty to discover a single
similar feature. Those fragments of his supposed
works which the learned Doctor has given us,
under the title of the Sad dar, are the wretched
rhymes of a modern Parsee Dastir (priest), who
lived about three centuries ago; from that work
we cannot then have even the glimpse of an ori
ginal tongue, nor anything authentic of the genius
of the law-giver; whilst the publications of M.
Anquetil du Perron (Oriental Interpreter to the
King of France) carry such palpable marks of the
total or partial fabrication of modern times, as
give great weight to the opinion of Sir John
Chardin : That the old dialect of Persia (except
ing what remains of the present language) is
entirely lost; that no books now exist in it; and
that the jargon and characters of the Parsees of
Carmania and Guzerat are barbarous corruptions
or inventions of the Guebre priests; without the
least similitude to the inscriptions still discernible
on the ancient ruins of Persepolis.
In support of Chardin's general idea, I shall
make a few observations on M. Anquetil's Zand
Avast. In the first place, the number of Arabic
words, found both in his Zand and Pahlavi dialects,
furnishes one strong presumption of their modern
date ; as no Arabic was introduced into the Per
sian idiom earlier than the seventh century of the
Christian era. Secondly, The harsh texture of his
Zand seems opposite to the genius of Persian pro
nunciation; being apparently incompatible with
their organs of speech. There are certain sounds,
to which we find some nations have an invincible
antipathy. The French, the Italians, and other
foreigners can hardly ever be taught to articulate
the English th: The Persians, if possible, enter
tain even a greater aversion to a sound somewhat
similar, (or rather th with a strong aspiration);
and have accordingly, in every word adopted from
the Arabic, changed it uniformly to s. But in M.
Anquetil's Zand, the words in which it occurs are
uncommonly numerous; and, in his alphabet, we
have a character, which, to leave no doubt of the
sound he means to give it, he illustrates, by placing
it on a line with the Arabic - thor f'h. The Frs
and Pahlavi dialects, he says, at the same time, were
sister-descendants from the Zand ; and had come
off the parent-stock previous to the era of Zoroas
ter; in that idea they must have all been spoken
in Persia at the same period: but neither in the
Pahlavi, the Frsi, or in the more modern Persian,
is there a character to be found in the most distant
degree expressive of this sound. That men may
be taught to conquer a defect in speech, we know
is possible; but that a people should have powers
to articulate with facility, in one cotemporary
 T) ISS E R T ATION.
dialect, sounds which they found impracticable in
another, is a supposition justified by no example,
and diametrically inconsistent with the laws of
nature. Thirdly, It appears not to bear the most
distant radical resemblance to the modern dialect
of Persia: a circumstance which all observation
declares to be impossible, had it ever existed as an
ancient Persian idiom. No convulsions of govern
ment, no efforts of the learned, can ever so far
alter a language, as to deface every line of resem
blance between the speech of the present day and
that of even the remotestancestry: nothing but the
absolute extirpation of the aboriginal natives can
apparently accomplish so singular a revolution.
If we look into the languages of modern Europe,
weshall discover every where the strongest features
of their Gothic or Celtic original, amidst all the
refinement of Roman and Grecian embellishment.
If we examine the dialect of the modern Greeks,
notwithstanding their slavish subjection to the des
potism of the Turks, we shall find the corruption
but slightly disguises the original tongue. When
we view the Syriac, after that country had long
been under the rule of Alexander's successors,
the texture we perceive unaltered; a slight mix
tute of Grecian words making all the difference.
When we compare the modern Persian with the
idiom which prevailed during the Sassanian dy
lasty, we observe it now only enriched by a copious
introduction of Arabic words; yet still retaining
every characteristic feature which it possessed be
fore the Muhammadan conquest. But the Zand,
sofar from having the least similitude to one of the
most regular languages in the world, has more the
air of a Lingua Franca, culled from the dialects of
every surrounding country; grouped together with
little pretension to grammatical propriety; and
more pointedly resembling the spells of Necroman
cers, than the idiom of a people famed at all times
for the melody of their accents."
The last reason I shall offer, on this ground, is
the uncommon stupidity of the work itself. The
Ziritusht of Persia, or the Zoroaster of the Greeks,
was highly celebrated by the most discerning
V
people of ancient times; and his tenets, we are
told, were most eagerly and rapidly embraced by
the highest in rank, and the wisest men in the Per
sian empire. But could his success have possibly
been so remarkable, had his religion breathed only
the most jejune puerilities; without one ray of
genius to rescue it from comtempt? without a sen
timent that could elevate the soul, or give one
dignified idea of Omnipotence 2 What is thrown
into the notes from the Vendidad Sad, will give a
specimen of the whole. It is by no means selected
as the worst: on that ground my choice must have
been much perplexed. It first struck my fancy;
and my partiality for it was confirmed, merely from
its being shorter than many others, which had even
a superior claim to disgrace the human understand
ing. Upon the whole, M. Anquetil has made no
discovery which can stamp his publications with
the least authority. He brings evidence of no
antiquity; and we are only disgusted with the fri
volous superstition and never-ending ceremonies
of the modern Worshippers of Fire.
I shall now proceed to make some observations
on the modern idiom of Persia; and to point out
the origin of that singular and intimate connexion
which it has long maintained with the language of
Arabia. Early in Persia, as in every wide extended
empire, there were many provincial dialects, dis
tinguished chiefly by the names of those provinces
where they were spoken: the principal of which
were the Prs or Frs, and the Pahlavi. The
first was the idiom of Frsistn (Persia Proper),
and had an extensive range over the most civilized
of the lower districts: whilst the Pahlavi prevailed
chiefly around the Mzandern or Caspian Sea,
and in the more mountainous dependencies of the
empire. So rude however was this latter dialect
considered, that, after having been discountenanced
at court as early, it is said, as the reign of Bahaman,
it was at length proscribed in a formal edict by
Bahrm Gr, in the fifth century of the Christian
era; and soon after ceased to be a living language.
The Frsi, on this event, as it had long been the
principal, became now the only idiom of Persia;
vi D IS S E R T A TI O N.
being subdivided into the Zabni Dari, or the
language of the court, and the Zabni Frsi, the
dialect of Persia at large. It is to this tongue,
which seems to have been peculiarly cultivated by
the great and the learned above twelve hundred
years before the Muhammadan era, that we should
apparently point our researches for Persian lite
rature previous to that period; and not to the
uncourtly Pahlavi. So early neglected by the su
perior orders of men, and confined entirely amongst
the boorish mountaineers and unlettered peasants,
it appears equally improbable, that men of genius
should have preferred this rude idiom to the polish
ed Dari ; as to suppose a Voltaire to have written
in the Bas Breton; or an Addison in the most
rugged of our county-dialects.
The Dari was improved with uncommon care
by the Sassanian princes; many of whom, as well
as their viziers and great officers, published works
in it; which, though at present hardly known, are
mentioned with high approbation by succeeding
writers. Amongst the chief of those royal and
noble authors was Ardeshr Bbegn, the first
prince of this dynasty, who began his reign A.D.
202. He wrote a Kr-nmah or journal of his
achievements; and also a work of morality; which
being afterwards improved by Nshirvn the Just,
(who flourished in the sixth century), was sent by
him to all his governors, as the invariable rule of
their conduct. The Zafar-nmah, written by B
zr, vizier to Nshirvn, is better known; having
been modernized by the celebrated physician
and vizier Avicenna, about the beginning of the
eleventh century. Those books, could they now
be recovered in their original language, would ap
parently be an acquisition far superior to a thousand
such volumes as M. Anquetil's Zand Avast. Ex
clusive of their intrinsic value, with regard to Per
sian history, manners, politics, and morals, they
would show the precise distinction between the
ancient and modern idioms. If what. Dr. Hyde
has given us, as the words of Ardeshir, is authen
tic, his language, though called Old Persian by
that very learned gentleman, is actually, when de
cyphered, the modern dialect in ancient charac.
ters: and if his book is written in the same tongue
(which is probably the case), the whole difference
between the language of the early kings of Persia,
*
and that of the present hour, seems to rest entirely
in the difference of character, and in the introduc
tion of the Arabic; which began to take place in
the seventh century of the Christian era.
Before this period the Arabians, confined within
their own peninsula, made no figure on the theatre
of Asia; and were, in a political light, known only
-,
to be despised by the Grecian and the Persian
powers. But the enthusiasm, genius, and intre
pidity of one extraordinary man suddenly changed
the scene, and gave a beginning to revolutions
equally rapid as complete. The numerous Arabian
tribes Muhammad, by various means, converted to
his faith, or subjected to his power; but died
before any impression was made upon the adjacent
states. Abbakar led the way to foreign conquest;
and his successor Omar, in the short space of four
years, saw the Caliphat extended from Egypt to the
frontiers of India. Persia was one of the noblest
acquisitions of the Muhammadan arms; the decisive
victory of Kdissia, in the year 636, throwing this
mighty empire under the Arabian yoke, as that of
Arbela had formerly subjected it to Alexander.
The consequences however of the two revolutions
had nothing similar: the Macedonian conquest pro
duced only a change of princes; the Kaynian dy
nasty of Persian kings giving way to the successors
of their Grecian conqueror: but that of the Ara
bians proved a radical subversion of every charac
teristic circumstance which distinguishes nation
from nation. The ancient government of the
Persians was overturned; their religion proscribed;
their laws trampled upon ; and their civil transac
tions disturbed by the forcible introduction of the
lunar for the solar calendar: whilst their language,
which the laws of nature preserved from immediate
and absolute annihilation, became almost over
whelmed by an inundation of Arabic words; which,
from that period, religion, authority, and faction,
incorporated with their idiom."

D IS SER T A TI O N.
The worship of the ancient Persians had unques
tionably been very early corrupted. The reve
rence paid to the Sun and to Fire, which Zoroaster
appears to have considered merely as representa
tives of Omnipotence, the fountain of light, seems
to have been an idea too refined for the gross
capacities of the vulgar: who, without regard to
the great invisible Prototype, turned all their
thoughts to the adoration of those ostensible deities.
Much absurd and barbarous superstition must in
consequence have crept in, and clouded by degrees
the purer faith of their ancestors. Upon other
grounds it will be difficult to account for that
singular severity with which Alexander first, and
afterwards the Arabian Caliphs, reprobated the
tenets of the Magi; destroyed their books; and
persecuted, with unrelenting rigour, all who made
profession of their religion.
The Grecians and Romans had enlarged senti
ments of toleration. They adopted the gods of
all the nations they subdued: and, in the belief,
that every people and every place had their tutelary
divinities, they were at uncommon pains to please,
and were equally careful in avoiding all offence.
From Arrian we learn, that Alexander sacrificed
to the Babylonish gods and other Asiatic deities,
though then unknown in Greece: and we are told
by Pliny, that the first endeavour of the Romans,
when besieging a city, was to discover the name
of the guardian divinity (without which, it seems,
they could make no invocation); when, by pro
mises of greater honours than he had hitherto en
joyed, they endeavoured to bribe him to betray
his former votaries. Such having been the ex
tended ideas of the old Polytheists, we are forced
to conclude, That some singular circumstances of
intolerance and horror had marked the Magian
ites, which peculiarly provoked the vengeance of
their Macedonian conqueror.
A similar reason must account for that uncom
mon severity with which they were crushed by
their Moslem masters. These enthusiasts, it must
be confessed, knew little of the tolerant principles
of the ancient Greeks; and considered it as a re
vii
ligious duty to establish their new faith with fire
and sword. To the Christians, Jews, Sabeans, and
other sects, they paid, however, some show of
respect; and permitted them, if averse from Mos
lemism, to follow their old belief, on paying a cer
tain extraordinary tribute. But their fury against
the Magi knew no bounds; destruction or conver
sion being the only alternatives they deigned to
offer. The body of the nation chose the last;
whilst the small remainder of confirmed enthusiasts
sheltered themselves in the mountains of Khistn.
Some retired to the isle of Ormuz; whence they
afterwards embarked for Diu ; and at length,
towards the close of the eighth century, they ob
tained permission to settle in Surat, and other
places in the territory of Guzerat: where their
descendants, under the denomination of Parsees or
Guebres, by avoiding all intermarriage with the
aboriginal natives of Hindustan, still maintain them
selves a distinct body of harmless and unpowerful
people. It may be said, perhaps, that the religion
and learning of the Magi was by no means the
single object of Muhammadan devastation; the
destruction of the famous library of Alexandria
being another memorial of the execrable zeal of
the Caliph Omar. It is true, that this great but
bigoted prince, considering all books which coin
cided with the Kur'n to be superfluous, and all that
opposed its doctrines to be pernicious, issued his
barbarian mandate to destroy that noble monument
of ancient learning and magnificence: but still
there was nothing striking in the persecution ofthe
Egyptians ; the general mode of an advanced
tribute being all that was exacted, for permission
to follow the various religious systems, which pre
vailed in that country previous to the conquest.13
These singular events, which marked the fate
of the Persian religion, joined to the unsuccessful
researches which have hitherto been made, seem
to furnish strong collateral evidence in support of
the foregoing arguments, and lead us to conclude,
with every circumstance of probability, that the
original works of the Persian lawgiver have long
ago fallen a sacrifice to the ravages of time and of
viii z
D ISS E R T A TI O N.
conquest; that the publications of M. Anquetil
have no pretensions to authenticity; and that
nothing now remains, bearing the names of those
once celebrated books, but the absurd ceremonials
of the modern Guebres; which preserve, apparently,
no nearer resemblance to the ancient worship of
Persia, than the corrupted tenets of the Mingre
lians or Georgians have to the Christian religion.
The Parsees of Guzerat even acknowledge, that,
so far from now possessing the ancient books of
Zoroaster, they have not so much as one single
copy saved by their ancestors from the general
wreck in the seventh century: the formularies
which they now use being only transcripts of a
translation by Ardeshir, one of their Dastrs, who
lived about 400 years ago. In Europe we have
had many instances of the forgery of books, in
matters of mere curiosity; and we have found their
detection difficult: but how much more powerful
must have been the temptation to the Guebre
priests on the loss of the writings of their lawgiver.
Rule was their object; and they ruled with des
potism. Absurd ceremony seems to have usurped
the place of common sense; and the barbarous
dialect of the Zand may possibly have been in
vented to throw a more impenetrable veil over their
mysterious nothings. A Parsee cannot even pare
his nails, or cut his hair, without hundreds of un
meaning prayers, and the most tedious and ridicu
lous observances. But every omission is gainful
to the priest: absolution must be purchased; and
a fine is the indispensible consequence of the most
minute and involuntary failure."
From the seventh till the tenth century, the
Persian tongue appears to have laboured under
much discouragement and neglect. Bagdad, built
by Almansr, became, soon after the year 762,
the chief residence of the Caliphs, and the general
resort of the learned and the ambitious from
every quarter of the empire: but the Arabic lam
guage, in a literary as well as in a religious light,
was long the only object of attention and patron
age : whilst the Persians, ruled with the iron hand
of religious tyranny, seem to have been remem
bered by the Caliphs only to be despised, plunder
ed, and oppressed. The revolutions of the empire
changed at length the scene; and the accession
of the Bilyah princes to the Persian throne marked,
in the tenth century, the great epoch of the revival
of Persian learning.
The Caliphat had now lost much of its pristine
vigour; the finest kingdoms and provinces of the
empire having been usurped by various adven
turers, who paid only a tributary obedience to the
successors of their prophet. Of those feudatory
chiefs, the most powerful were the princes of the
house of Bilyah, otherwise called the Daylamites;
who added to their high rank of Kings of Persia
the dignity of Amiru'l umar to the Caliphs of
Bagdad; an office nearly resembling the Maire
du palais to the Rois fainants of the Merovingian
race of France. An outward show of respect and
pomp was all that the head of the Muhammadan
religion now enjoyed; whilst the solid power
was completely engrossed by the Amiru'l umar :
which high station, about the year 977, was filled
by the great Azadu'd'dawla, who first assumed the
title of Sultan, afterwards so generally adopted by
Eastern princes. He was born at Ispahn, and
had a strong attachment to his native kingdom.
He was not only an able general and an accom
plished statesman, but munificent and learned.
His court, whether at Bagdad or in the capital
of Persia, was the standard of taste, and the fa
vourite residence of genius. The native dialect
of the prince was particularly distinguished ; and
became soon the general language of composition,
in almost every branch of polite learning, after
having been almost wholly neglected by literary
men for above three hundred years." -
From the end of the tenth, till the fifteenth
century, may be considered as the most flourish
ing period of Persian learning. The epic poet
Firdawsi, in his romantic history of the Persian
kings and heroes, displays an imagination and
smoothness of numbers hardly inferor to Homer.
The whole fanciful range of Persian enchantment
he has interwoven in his poems, which abound
 D IS S E R T A T I O N.
with the noblest efforts of genius: and he has stamp
ed a dignity on the monsters and fabling of the
East, equal to that which the prince of epic poetry
has given to the mythology of ancient Greece.
His language may, at the same time, be consider
ed as the most refined dialect of the older Persian
or Dari, the Arabic being introduced with a very
sparing hand: whilst Sdi, Jmi, Hfiz, and other
succeeding writers, in prose as well as verse, have
blended in their works the Arabic without re
serve; gaining, perhaps, in the nervous luxuriance
of the one language, what may seem to have been
lost in the softer delicacy of the other.
From the above period, a literary rivalship seems
to have subsisted amongst the Muhammadan
princes who had dismembered the Caliphat; every
Sultan considering it as an object of the first con
sequence, to number amongst his friends the most
celebrated poets or philosophers of their age; no
expense was therefore spared to allure them to
their courts, and no respect was wanting to fix a
continuance of their attachment.
Amongst the most magnificent of those royal
patrons of Persian literature were three contem
porary princes, who reigned towards the end of the
eleventh century; and were remarkable not only
for their abilities and liberality, but for the singular
and uninterrupted harmony which distinguished
their correspondence. These were Malikshh
Jalld'din, king of Persia; Kadar bin Ibrahim,
Sultan of the Ghaznavides; and Kadar Khn, the
Khkn, or king of Turkistn, beyond the Jihn.
The Khkn was uncommonly splendid: when he
appeared abroad he was preceded by 700 horsemen
with silver battle-axes, and was followed by an
equal number bearing maces of gold. He sup
Ported, with most magnificent appointments, a
literary academy in his palace, consisting of a hun
died men of the highest reputation in the East:
Amak, called also Abnnajib Al Bukhri, who
Was the Ustadu'sh'shuar, or chief of the Poets, ex
clusive of a great pension, having, amongst other
*ticles of Eastern luxury, a vast number of male
and female slaves; with thirty horses of state richly
ix
caparisoned, and a retinue in proportion, which
attended him wherever he went. The Khkn
used often to preside at their exercises of genius:
on which occasions, by the side of his throne, were
always placed four large basons filled with gold and
silver, which he distributed with a liberal hand to
those who principally excelled.
But the invasions of Changiz Khn and Tamer
lane, in the beginning of the thirteenth and end
of the fourteenth centuries, gave violent checks to
all the arts of peace. The Caliphat and all its
feudatory princes were overwhelmed: and although
Tamerlane, in a variety of instances, was a liberal
patron of learned men; that was but a feeble com
pensation for the general desolation which he
spread around; and the destruction of a number
of magnificent patrons of the arts, who sunk under
the torrent of his irresistible power.The Turks
soon after stretched their government, unfavourable
to liberty and science, from Europe to the banks
of the Tigris: whilst, in Persia, the bloody reigns
of the detested house of Safi concurred effectually
in plunging those noble countries into that melan
choly barbarism from which Europe, during that
period, had been gradually emerging.
For near three hundred years, the literary fire
of the Persians and Arabians seems indeed to
have been almost extinguished; nothing hardly,
during that time, which deserves attention, being
known, at least in Europe: yet enough exists, to
give us a very high opinion of the genius of the
East. In taste they are undoubtedly inferior to
the Greeks, to the Romans, and to the best writers
of modern Europe; but, in invention, they are
excelled, perhaps equalled by none. The Arabians
are distinguished by a conciseness of diction which
borders sometimes upon obscurity. The Persians
affect, on the contrary, a rhetorical luxuriance;
which, to a European, wears the air of unnecessary
redundance. If, to these leading distinctions we
add a peculiarity of imagery, of metaphor, of
allusion; derived from the difference of govern
ment, of manners, of temperament; and of such
natural objects as characterize Asia from Europe;
C
X D ISS E R T A TI O N.
we shall see, at one view, the great points of
variation between the writers of the East and West.
Amongst the Oriental historians, philosophers,
rhetoricians, and poets, many will be found, who
would do honour to any age or people: whilst their
romances, their tales, and their fables, stand upon
a ground, which Europeans have hardly yet found
powers to reach.
In various other lights, the usefulness of the
Persian and Arabic languages will appear evident,
on the slightest examination. The high political
consequence of the Persian, in the affairs of India,
is too obvious and too generally acknowledged to
require arguments to enforce it; whilst the Arabic,
totally neglected, or studied with inattention, has
never been viewed, in Hindstn, by Europeans,
in the important light it merits. Yet the inter
course which the Arabians have maintained with
that country is ancient and intimate. For many
centuries previous to the discovery of the Cape of
Good Hope, they were the chief traders in the
East; and the commodities of India flowed into
Europe, by the way of Egypt and Syria, almost
solely through their hands. Their commercial
settlements skirted the Indian coasts: their trans
actions with the Gentiis were extensive; and their
language found its way where even their arms and
their religion had made no impression. The trans
actions, sometimes amicable, but oftener hostile,
in which the Hind rjhs were engaged with the and entangled in the labyrinths of ideal system,
Muhammadan princes, long before the accession
of the house of Timr, opened likewise numberless
channels for the introduction and incorporation of
this great Muhammadan lauguage; and gave it,
in time, such an universal currency in Hindstn,
that not only two-thirds of the Persian, now in
general use there, is pure Arabic; but a half, per
haps, of the Hindstn or Moor is Arabic and
Persian: in the Malay they also both abound; and
they appear even to have found a place in the
vulgar Ngri and Bengal. But that which has
chiefly astonished me, is to find Arabic technically
used, even in the Code of Gentil Laws. If such
words are actually in the original Sanskrit, it is a
circumstance which will require a very nice ex
planation : for, upon general principles, we must,
on that ground, question the antiquity of those
laws; having at present no foundation to believe,
that the Arabic was introduced into Hindstn
earlier than the Muhammadan invasion A.D. 708,
during the Caliphat of the first Al Walid. But if
they are not in the original Sanskrit, and only
occur in the Persian translation by the Pundits;
there appears to be the same impropriety in their
modernizing or translating those ancient law-words,
as there would have been, had Sir William Black
stone given only the English of such terms as Cer
tiorari or Fieri facias, and omitted the original
names of the writs.
Having now traced the progress of the Arabic
and Persian languages as far as is consistent with
reason, or conducive to utility; I shall proceed to
observations on other points, which will be chiefly
comprehended under two heads: First, Lights
which Eastern language and literature may throw
upon ancient history and mythology. Secondly,
Customs apparently originating in Asia, which,
since the downfall of the Roman power, seem to
have influenced the manners of modern Europe.
In the investigation of those subjects, I am un
avoidably led to question the opinions of some of
the most eminent men in the literary world; who,
little acquainted with the languages of the East,
have built upon a basis of no solidity, and ex
tended error instead of discovering truth. Yet,
wherever I venture, on any ground, to differ from
exalted characters, I wish it may be understood,
that I lose nothing of that respect to which they
are so justly entitled. It is the lot of humanity to
err. We may venerate a Herodotus or a Newton,
without enslaving the mind by an acquiescence
in their failings: we may admire the noblest
efforts of human wisdom, without equally re
* The Code of Gent Laws having been translated through
the medium of the Persian language will account for the number
of Arabic terms used in that work, and which certainly were not
in the original Sanskrit. Editor's note to the second Edition.)
 D ISS E R T ATION.
vering the unavoidable weaknesses of human
failty.
Systematic writers upon the actions of mankind,
however ingenious and learned, are ever to be
read with caution. Man, in the aggregate, is too
irregular to be reduced to invariable laws. A
slave to passion and to momentary views, the
weakest springs have found force sufficient to shake
the mightiest states; and events of the deepest
consequence have originated from causes which
shunned all public view. But a framer of systems
thinks not like other men: he forms nations, and
he annihilates them; he establishes empires, and
he destroys them; he assigns reasons for each for
tuitous event; and defines, with mathematical
precision, the motives of actions, which were
grounded only on caprice, accident, or error. As
his fabric is not founded in nature, he is perplexed
by contradictions, which he finds irreconcileable
with the principles of truth. Impelled, however,
by a warm imagination, he bends every fact to his
system, since he cannot rear his system upon facts.
He descends from the character of judge: he be
comes counsel for a party; and, like the ancient
tyrant, tortures every circumstance to adapt it to
his iron bed: where defective, he stretches it on
the rack; and lops the superfluities, where it
threatens to prove too much. Does a dynasty of
kings stand in the way of a favourite hypothesis,
he cuts them off at once: is there an unlucky
chasm in the annals of a people, he makes a fresh
creation: does an era gravel his new positions, he
removes it back a thousand years; and mangles
the chronology of half the world, to support a
system of heterogeneous figments. Yet writers of
ability will make even error respectable. Though
their systems are visionary, they are ingenious and
informing. The researches after the philosopher's
stone, and judicial astrology, which engaged the
learning and attention of the middle ages, were
Wild in themselves, as the objects were beyond the
pwer of man: yet chemistry, astronomy, and
"gation, owe much of their improvement to
*al discoveries in those chimerical pursuits.
* c 2
xi
The information we have hitherto received of
the ancient history, mythology, and manners of
Eastern nations, has been almost entirely derived
through the medium of the Grecian writers; whose
elegance of taste, harmony of language, and fine
arrangement of ideas, have captivated the imagina
tions, misled the judgment, and stamped with the
dignified title of history, the amusing excursions
of fanciful romance. Too proud to consider sur
rounding nations (if the Egyptians may be ex
cepted) in any light but that of barbarians; they
despised their records, they altered their language,
and framed too often their details, more to the
prejudices of their fellow-citizens, than to the
standard of truth or probability. We have names
of Persian kings, which a Persian could not pro
nounce; we have facts related they apparently
never knew ; and we have customs ascribed to
them, which contradict every distinguishing cha
racteristic of an Eastern people. The story of Ly
simachus and one Greek historian, may indeed,
with justice, be applied to many others. This
prince, in the partition of Alexander's empire,
became King of Thrace: he had been one of the
most active of that conqueror's commanders; and
was present at every event which deserved the at
tention of history. A Grecian had written an
account of the Persian conquest, and he wished
to read it before the king; the monarch listened
with equal attention and wonder: All this is very
fine, says he, when the historian had finished,
but where was I when those things were per
formed 225 -
I mean not to assert, that the historians of the
East have not their failings as well as those of the
West; but their facts, though clothed often in a
luxuriance of diction, display little of that national
vanity so conspicuous in the most distinguished of
the Grecian writers, which leads to the invention
and the embellishment of fiction. Whence they
had their materials it is difficult to determine; but
even the rudest of people, where they contradictnot
probability, are entitled to respect in the annals of
their own country. In a few circumstances they
xii D ISS E R T A TI O N.
coincide with the writers of Greece and Rome;
this strengthens history: there are many upon
which they are silent; this naturally leads to doubt
and inquiry: there are numbers in which the op
position is pointed: whom are we to believe? the
natives, or the native enemies of a country? those
who might have had access to genuine records, or
those who probably never could 2*
It may undoubtedly be objected to the principal
historians of Persia, now known in Europe, that
they are all subsequent to the Muhammadan era:
that Persian literature was almost entirely annihi
lated in the consequences of the Arabian conquest:
that the Grecians wrote nearer to the events which
they have recorded; and therefore, though foreign
ers, have a superior claim to our credence than the
natives of after-ages, who must have compiled
their annals under many circumstances of dis
couraging obscurity. These considerations are
undoubtedly of weight; and, in all relations where
consistency is not hurt, we should certainly allow
them every degree of force. It is error alone we
should wish to reprobate: it is the path of truth
we should wish to clear.
The chief object of History is to improve the
great system of social life, by instructing mankind
in the experience of former ages. To answer this
important end, it is by no means necessary that
every fact we read should be strictly true in all its
parts. The Cyropaedia of Xenophon, or the Tl
maque of Fenelon, may convey lessons, on a
variety of points, with an efficacy not inferior to
the most unquestioned truths. Where no proba
bility is therefore destroyed; no chronology ob
viously injured; no superior authority evidently
opposed: where the great lines are consistent with
the situation of the principal agents; and the con
sequences arise naturally from the events: such facts
are entitled to our belief; and to question them must
only display a very unnecessary and a very unpro
fitable scepticism. But where the annals of one
nation are tortured into coincidence with the
imaginary eras of another; where mighty details
are given, the trace sof which cannot be discovered
in the countries most eminently interested; where
sober truth and rational evidence are sacrificed to
vanity, fiction, or exaggeration; such narrations
should acquire no authority, because transmitted
by the most celebrated of the ancient writers, and
copied by compilers of modern times; we should
look upon them as fables of mere amusement, and
proportion our admiration to their secondary merits
alone, elegance of taste, ingenuity of invention,
and excellence of style.
When we reflect on the uncertainty of almost
every thing merely human : when we observe the
obscurity with which all history is involved in its
beginnings: when we consider how few writers
record the facts of their own observation; and the
suspicious mediums through which they derive
their knowledge : when we view the partiality
of mankind for their country, their party, their
opinions; with the necessity which even the most
enlightened and most unbiassed minds have found
of swimming with the stream of popular prejudice;
we must candidly confess, that no particular class
of historians have any solid claim to possess them
selves exclusively of our belief; in opposition to
others, whose narratives, though rational, are re
pugnant to those which we have been accustomed
to receive. Audi alteram partem is an old and an
excellent maxim; and impartiality ought ever to
impress it on our minds, where opportunity fur
nishes the means. With channels of information,
to which the ancients were completely strangers,
how difficult is it even now to arrive at the true
history of the simplest fact? and how wide of all
resemblance does not the same tale appear, as told
by people under the opposite impressions of vanity,
prejudice, or interest? How justly may we there
fore suspect the historians of every darker age,
whose materials were defective, and whose ima
ginations were strong : who lived at periods
when imposition was gainful, and credulity un
bounded : where the necessary measures to se
cure the adoration of the million to a calf, a
cat, or a beetle, furnished priests (the great
Sources of Egyptian and other ancient annals)
 D IS S E R T A T I O N.
with such powerful incentives to the invention
of the wildest and the most improbable of fictions.
Take many points of modern history, and all
the information we receive is merely what each
nation or party has written relative to public affairs:
whilst the events themselves are still surrounded
with obscurity and doubt. Read the Protestant
writers of France, and every circumstance of
horror marks the massacre of St. Bartholomew's
day: but turn to the Catholic page, and it be
comes a necessary, a prudent, and a lawful act;
the mere preventive of a similar tragedy, meditated
by the Admiral de Chatillon against the adherents
of the House of Guise. Take two foreign writers
of Our English history, over whom country and
party prejudices ought to have had no influence;
and how different is the colouring of the same tale?
With Rapin, the Caligulas and the Neros fall short
of the inhuman James, on the suppression of Mon
mouth's insurrection: whilst the mild, the just,
the forgiving prince is the portrait of the Pre
d'Orleans. Contrast the Mmoires de Sully with
the Libels of the League against Henry IV. or the
Sicle de Louis Quatorze with the invectives of the
Protestant Refugees; and the Glorious Monarch,
or the Savage Tyrant, appear before you in
successive review. To enlarge upon the various
Opinions of our own writers, on the great events
of English history, would be endless and unneces
sary: the circumstances I have mentioned being
merely intended to inculcate this simple position,
That few facts, either of ancient or modern times,
are so fully authenticated as to render farther
inquiry improper.
The Romans have read us many a lesson on
Punic faith: had we Punic writers, merciless jea
lousy, and perfidious ambition, might, and per
haps with justice, have been retorted on the
Romans. The Grecians have told us many a sur
prising tale of Eastern nations; there can be no
impropriety in listening to what those nations say.
The reigning families of Persia, previous to the
Arabian conquest, are comprehended, by their
historians, under four dynasties; the Pshddians,
xiii
the Kaynians, the Ashknians, and the Sassinians.
The Persians, like other people, have assumed the
privilege of romancing on the early periods of
society. The first dynasty is, in consequence,
embarrassed by fabling. Their most ancient
princes are chiefly celebrated for their victories
over the demons or genii, called Dives ; and some
have reigns assigned to them of eight hundred, or
a thousand years. Amidst such fictions, however,
there is apparently some truth. Those monarchs
probably did reign; though poetic fancy may have
ascribed to them ages and adventures which the
laws of nature reject. We dispute not the exis
tence of our English Arthur, though we believe
not in the giants and magic of Geoffrey of Mon
mouth : and Charlemagne was undoubtedly a great
prince, though we subscribe not to the wonderful
adventures of Turpin's Twelve Peers. The Dives
may have been savage neighbours, conquered by
the Pshddian kings; and magnified by tradition
as beings of a supernatural species. The gods, the
Titans, and the heroes of the Greeks; the giants,
the savages, and the monsters of Gothic romance,
seem all to have originated from similar principles:
from that wild irregularity of fancy, and that ad
miration of the marvellous, which, in various
degrees, runs through the legends of every darker
period of the history of mankind. The longevity,
at the same time, ascribed to this race of monarchs,
may either have been founded on some imperfect
antediluvian idea; or may be resolved by sup
posing families instead of individuals : and that the
Kayiimars, the Jamshds, and the Faridins of the
East, were merely successions of princes, bearing
one common surname ; like the Pharaohs, the
Ptolemies, or the Casars of the West.
With the second dynasty, a more probable
system of history seems to commence: yet still the
era of Kaykubd, the founder of this house, cannot
be precisely fixed. Though historians differ, how
ever, with regard to the chronology of this prince;
in one point, which may lead us to ascertain it with
tolerable accuracy, they appear, in general, to be
unanimous. Drb the Younger, dethroned by
xiv D IS S E R T AT I O N.
Alexander, is called the ninth sovereign of this
line. He was assasinated about 330 B. C. If
thirty years are allowed therefore as the medium
of each reign, or 270 for the nine kings, Kaykubds
sovereignty may probably have commenced about
600 years before our era; which will comprehend
the whole of that period of Persian history for
which we are indebted to the Greeks. Sir Isaac
Newton, it may be objected, with other chronolo
gists, have allowed but twenty years to a reign,
and made that the universal standard for all na
tions : but, with submission to those learned men,
nothing carries with it a stronger tendency to un
hinge all chronology than such an unmodified
system. For if no collateral circumstances of
situation, manners, and government, are taken into
the scale, much confusion must apparently rise.
From Zeno till the taking of Constantinople by the
Turks, the Emperors of Greece reigned hardly
fifteen years; and the Caliphs, from the death of
Muhammad till the sacking of Bagdad by the
Moguls, little more than ten years each. But, in
those and other countries, which have been re
marked for a quick succession of princes, revolu
tions, and assassinations, it will always be observed,
have ever disturbed the course of nature : whilst,
in regular governments, the medium of reigns has
been often lengthened to periods equal or even
beyond what is above proposed. From the murder
of Henry IV. till the death of Louis XV. only three
princes have filled the throne of France; making
about fifty-five years to a reign: whilst, in the dis
tracted state of that country, previous to Louis
XIII. five kings scarcely completed twelve years
each.-As the Persian historians mention therefore
no assassinations, nor uncommon convulsions of
government; and as the administration of public
affairs appears in general to have been fortunate
and steady; thirty years, in those ages, when, at
the same time, a greater simplicity of life perhaps
prevailed, seems to be a calculation by no means
stretched beyond the probable line of nature.
The Kaynian dynasty being supposed then to
commence nearly about 600 years before the birth
of our Lord, this brings us to the reign of that
king of the Medo-Persians, called by the Greeks
Cyaarares; which, according to Sir Isaac Newton's
conjecture, is supposed to have begun in the year
of Nabomassar 137 (about 610 B.C.) From this
period till the Macedonian conquest, we have con
sequently the history of the Persians, as given us
by the Greeks, and the history of the Persians, as
written by themselves. Between those classes of
writers we might naturally expect some difference
of facts; but we should as naturally look for a few
great lines, which might mark some similarity of
story: yet, from every research which I have had
an opportunity to make, there seems to be nearly
as much resemblance between the annals of Eng
land and Japan, as between the European and
Asiatic relations of the same empire. The names
and numbers of their kings have no analogy; and
in respect to the most splendid facts of the Greek
historians the Persians are entirely silent. We
have no mentioned of the Great Cyrus, nor of any
king of Persia, who, in the events of his reign, can
apparently be forced into a similitude. We have
no Crasus, king of Lydia; not a syllable of Cam
byses, or of his frantic expedition against the
Ethiopians. Smerdis Magus, and the succession of
Darius, the son of Hystaspes, by the neighing of
his horse, are to the Persians circumstances equally
unknown as the numerous assassinations recorded
by the Greeks. Not a vestige is, at the same time,
to be discovered of the famous battles of Marathon,
Thermopylae, Salamis, Plata'a, or Mycale; nor of
that prodigious force which Xerxes led out of the
Persian empire to overwhelm the states of Greece.
Minutely attentive as the Persian historians are to
their numerous wars with the kings of Trn or
Scythia; and recording, with the same impartiality,
whatever might tarnish as well as aggrandize the
reputation of their country, we can, with little pre
tence to reason, suppose, that they should have
been silent on events of such magnitude, had any
records remained of their existence, or the faint
est tradition commemorated their consequences.
Xerxes, according to Herodotus, crossed the Hel
 D IS S E R T A TI O N.
lespont, attended by no fewer than 5,288,220 souls,
and escaped back alone in a fishing-boat; the
whole almost of this mighty host perishing by the
sword, by famine, or by disease. The destruc
tion of such a number would have convulsed the
whole of Asia, had it been united under one
empire: could it possibly have been unfelt in Per
sia? Can any man who has made the least obser
vation, at the same time, on history, suppose, for
a moment, that such myriads could by any means
have been maintained in one collected body; even
in the present times, when the art of war, in that
particular department, has arrived at a degree of
perfection unknown in those ruder ages. The
greatest armies, of which we have any rational in
formation, are those of Changiz Khn and Tamer
lane, the most despotic and the most powerful
conquerors on record: yet these princes, in all their
mighty achievements, were seldom followed by
400,000 men. We are told, indeed, that the army
of Tamerlane, on his return from the conquest of
India, when he meditated the destruction of Bajazet,
and of the sultans of Egypt and Bagdad, amounted
to near 800,000 men, previous to the battles of
Damascus and Ancyra. Yet those troops were
dispersed in different divisions; they were besieg
ing many distant places at the same period of time;
and were not, after all, a sixth part of the reputed
army of Xerxes: though Tamerlane possessed then
an empire and an authority incomparably superior
to that of the Persian monarchs in the highest
Zenith of their power; and was then marching
against potentates ofinfinitely greater political con
sequence than the Grecians, at the supposed period
of this tremendous invasion.*
But the states of Greece appear, in reality, with
regard to the Persians, to have been too far re
moved from that degree of importance which could
hld them up as objects of such high ambition or
f such mighty resentment. Till the reign of
Philip of Macedon, they are hardly mentioned by
the Persian writers, but as tributaries to the Per
sian empire. Those famous invasions have there
fore an appearance of being simply the movements
- XV
of the governors of Asia Minor, to regulate or en
force a tribute which the Greeks might frequently
be willing to neglect. Marathon, Salamis, and
other celebrated battles, may indeed have been real
events; but numerous as the sands on the shore,
is an idea which, in all times, has been annexed to
defeated armies: and the Grecian writers, to dig
nify their country, may have turned the hyperbole
into historic fact; and swelled the thousands of the
Persian Satrap into the millions of the Persian King.
Some of those famed events, it is not impossible
too, might have been the mere descents of pirates
or private adventurers; either with the view to
plunder, or to retaliate some similar expedition of
the Greeks; who appear very early to have been a
race of freebooters extremely troublesome to the
surrounding coasts. The Argonauts, if such heroes
ever did exist, are not entitled to a more reputable
appellation : and indeed the practice seems to have
been too universal to carry with the Greeks the
remotest imputation of dishonour. If we look into
Homer, Thucydides, Diodorus, and others, we
shall discover piracy to have been considered as a
profession; but without connecting with it the
least opprobrious idea. Strangers are carelessly
asked whether they are traders or pirates; and the
discovery of either character does not seem to
heighten or diminish that respect or degree of hos
pitality which the manners of the times had an
nexed to the rank of those roving guests: Are
you merchants bound to any port (says Nestor,
at Pylos, to Telemachus and Mentor)? or are
you pirates, who roam the seas, without a des.
tined place, and live by plunder and desolation?
In this honourable profession of pirates there
may have been many subjects of the Persian empire.
Greece, as well as other countries, may have been
often the theatre of their rapine and devastation;
whilst their success or discomfiture must have been
events of too little moment to reach the ears or
engage the attention of the Shhinshh, or King
of Kings, at the remote cities of Persepolis and
Balkh. Suppose, if such an illustration may be
allowed, an English pirate to have landed in former
xvi D ISS E R T A TI O N.

times on Madagascar; suppose him to have called
himself King of England; and suppose, after put
ting that island into a dreadful alarm, he had been
at length defeated; the Madagascar historians, if
any they had, to raise the glory of their nation,
might compose a pompous detail of their Mara
thons and Plataeas: they might repulse the English
monarch at the head of any myriads the victors
should vauntingly give out, or tradition magnify :
and this might undoubtedly gain credit in Mada
gascar and in the adjacent isles; whilst the splendid
event, unfelt, and even unknown, to the British
nation, found not a single line in their historic
page.
This celebrated expedition, amongst many Gre
cian narratives, equally suspicious, I have parti
cularly selected; as the uncommon greatness of the
enterprise, had it borne the least resemblance to
truth, must have been too well known in Persia,
and made too deep an impression upon the minds
of each successive generation, ever to have been
totally eradicated. I shall now proceed to trace
the great lines of the only single fact of conse
quence, in which there appears even an irregular
coincidence; I mean the Macedonian conquest.
clared heiress of the empire, if not delivered of a
son, and regent, in that event, till he was of age to
reign. Averse even from the distant prospect of
resigning sovereign power, the queen ordered the
birth of her son to be concealed ; and sent him
privately to be exposed in a casket on the banks of
the Jihn; the rising of the waters soon swept him
away, and threw him on a dyer's bleaching-ground.
The rich stuffs and valuable jewels, which the poor
man found in the casket, convinced him that he
was a child of elevated birth ; he educated him
however as his own son, and wished him to follow
his profession; but the prince, unwilling to believe
himself the son of a dyer, urged his reputed father
so strongly, that the good man discovered at length
all he knew; and delivered to him the jewels, which
he had carefully preserved. Young Drb deter
mined immediately on the profession of arms; and
set out for the army, which was then marching
against the Greeks. He arrived on the eve of a
battle; in which he distinguished himself with such
heroism, that his fame reached the queen. The
prince was sent for : Humy was struck with his
presence : she discovered him by the jewels and
the old man's testimony, and resigned the diadem *

The king who, according to Eastern writers, reign
ed in Persia immediately before the Darius Codo
mannus of the Greeks, is called Dr or Drb;
the first is synonymous with Shh, and signifies,
in Persian, a king. The other, in the same lan
guage, implies possessed by or found on water;
which name, they say, he obtained from the fol
lowing circumstance: The kings of Persia appear
to have assumed the privilege of marrying whom
they pleased, and sometimes made choice even of
their own daughters. The Greek writers confirm
the prevalence of this custom ; and observe, in
particular, that Artaxerxes Mnemon espoused two
of his daughters, whom he had successively pro
mised to Tiribazus, one of his Satraps. Bahaman,
the sixth king of the Kaynian dynasty, had mar
ried his daughter Humy, whom he left pregnant
at his death; disinheriting his son Sassn, in favour
of this lady and her offspring. Humy was de
to him, after having reigned with great reputation
about thirty years. This Drb is represented as
an accomplished prince, and a successful warrior.
Philip of Macedon, amongst others, according to
Khondemir, drew upon him his resentment, by re
fusing to acknowledge his authority. He marched
against him ; and, forcing him to take refuge in
a fortress, Philip sued for peace, which was granted,
on condition of giving his daughter in marriage to
the Persian king, and paying an annual tribute of
a thousand bayzats, or eggs of gold. The young
queen did not please her royal consort ; though
pregnant, he returned her to her father's court,
where she was afterwards delivered of the famous
Alexander, whom Philip educated as his son ; and
left him his kingdom, with the secret of his birth.
Drb having, in the mean time, espoused another
lady, she brought him Drb the Younger; who
mounted the throne on the demise of his father.
 D ISS E R TATION.
This prince is represented by the historians of the
East in very different colours from the gentle and
amiable Darius Codomannus. His cruelties and
oppressions rendered him detested in Persia; and
the great lords exhorted Alexander to assert his
right to the empire. Encouraged by those general
discontents, he resolved upon the attempt: and,
as a leading step, informed the ambassadors of
Drb, when demanding the annual tribute of the
golden eggs, That the bird who laid them had
flown to the other world. This refusal, with
the raillery which accompanied it, enraged the king
of Persia. He marched immediately, to reduce
the Macedonian to obedience. The monarchs
met: a bloody battle ensued; and Drb was
worsted. He retired to his tent, to take some re
pose before renewing the engagement; but was
stabbed by two of his attendants, who fled imme
diately to the Grecian camp. Alexander, inform
ed of the murder, hastened to Drb's pavilion;
he found him in the agonies of death: he threw
himself on his knees, wept, and protested his
ignorance of the treason. The dying prince be
lieved him; named him his successor; gave him
his daughter Rshna in marriage; requested him
to revenge his assassination; to govern Persia by
Persian nobles; and expired in his arms. Alexan
der, they add, chiefly by the counsels of Aristotle,
whom they call his vizier, punctually fulfilled these
last injunctions of the dying king; the great men
of Persia being appointed to the government of the
provinces and dependent kingdoms; which they
were permitted to hold on the feudal principles of
homage, subsidies, and military service, to their
conqueror, as paramount sovereign of the empire.
Here is a detail which corresponds with the
writers of Greece and Rome in nothing but the
catastrophe; and yet, in the whole annals of Per
sia, there is not, perhaps, a single passage which
boasts a more intimate agreement. A singular
incongruity! How shall we reconcile it? And to
whom must we lean * The Grecians are already
in full possession of our imaginations: we imbibe
* reverence for them in our early years, which it
xvii
is impossible ever to eradicate; and we are dragged
with difficulty to give a candid review to accounts,
which, though fully within the line of probability,
contradict ideas which we have so long fostered
with care. Yet were relations so widely distinct
equally new : were China and Tartary substituted
for Persia and Greece ; were histories of their wars
presented to our perusal by the respective his
torians of those people ; and did we perceive no
thing in the name, in the achievements, or in the
chronology of the principal actors, which could
possibly be forced into a consistency, or persuade
us that we were reading the same events in which
both countries were so importantly interested; what
perplexity must accompany our opinion ? Should
we not naturally conclude, that both had related
many fictions, and perhaps some truths 2 Should
we not weigh the apparent authority of their ma
terials; consider who approached nearest to na
tional vanity, prejudice, and pride ; and decide at
length for those writers, who, though liable to
much mistake, appeared not, in so high a degree,
to have the same inducements to the commemora
tion of wilful error * This I mean, however, in
respect to the general idea: for, in many circum
stances of the above relation, I should certainly
incline to the Greeks: but more from a strong col
lateral presumptive evidence, than any superior
dependence upon their historians : I allude to
Demosthenes. Philip appears, from the orations
of this great man, to have been too much engaged
in the uniting or enslaving of the Greeks not to
have shunned, till that great object was accom
plished, every circumstance which might embroil
him with Persia; whilst, had he ever been defeat
ed by that nation, and obliged, in consequence, to
submit to tribute, it must have not only too much
weakened that power, with which he at length sub
jected the states of Greece, but furnished facts too
important to have been omitted in the Philippics.
There is one circumstance, amongst many
others, which, in the course of my reflections on
the disagreement of the Persian and Greek his
torians, has ever struck me with much force. The
d
xviii D ISS E R TAT I O N.
language of Greece was early cultivated in the
East: the connection of the Persians and Arabians
with the successors of Alexander in Syria and
Egypt, was long and intimate. Before the era of
Muhammad, it was considered as a branch of polite,
and even of mercantile education. Greek slaves
were common in Arabia; the receipts and dis
bursements of the treasury of the Caliphs were
written in that tongue for several generations after
the Prophet's death; and the coins of the Caliphat
were invariably struck with Greek inscriptions, till
the reign of Abdu'l malik in 695. Many of the
Muhammadan princes gave also great encourage
ment to translations from the Greeks; particularly
of the prose-writers. That the Grecian histories
must have consequently been known, especially
to their learned subjects, cannot, I think, with
reason, be called in question. Shall we suppose,
then, that Oriental annalists would not have made
great use of those writers, had their narratives
been in the least degree consistent with the his
tories and traditions which the Persians themselves
considered as authentic? That all Persian books
were not destroyed by the Arabians, is certain.
Some, which concerned not the religion of the
Magi, fell into the hands of those who admired and
preserved them. The Zafar-nmah, a dialogue on
government and morality between Nshirvn the
Just, King of Persia, and his vizier Bzr, has been
already mentioned. In the preface to a copy of
Firdawsis Shh-nmah we are informed, that a
book of history was discovered, during the general
havoc, by Saad, one of the Muhammadan generals,
and carefully preserved by him, as containing
nothing repugnant to the tenets of the Kurn; and
and M. D'Herbelot observes, that it was from a
collection of ancient Persian historians, in the older
dialect, that Firdawsi drew materials for his im
mortal work. The kings and great men of the
East, it may also be observed, have long rivalled
one another in nothing more than in the excellence
of their libraries. With incredible attention and
expense, they stored them with every valuable
manuscript they could possibly procure; and what
ever unrelenting severity a vanquished prince
might, by Eastern custom, experience from his
more fortunate competitor, his books appear ever
to have been an object of uncommon care.
Exclusive of such Persian authors as escaped
the Arabian proscription, with other records, of
which our imperfect knowledge of their language,
and slender intercourse with their country, has
hitherto deprived us of any positive intelligence,
one ground of presumptive information ought not
to be wholly disregarded; I mean tradition. What
are the relations of ancient Egypt? What are the
early annals of Babylonia, of Greece, of Rome?
Except the sacred writings, what, in a word, is
every species of history a little way beyond 2000
years? Mere tradition and much of it of the
most doubtful and improbable complexion : the
traditions of Pagan priests, whose importance
rested on the invention and propagation of error.
If any dependence then is placed on those Western
tales, in the absence of more convincing evi
dence, candour ought to allow a proportionable
degree of weight to those of the East. In all
countries where any difficulty, from whatever
cause, has been found in the registering of public
events, tradition has ever been observed to flourish
with superior strength; and, through the medium
of marvellous embellishment, presents us often with
the great lines of the achievements of former times.
Where the written memorials of a people are few,
and where fewer still can read them, he who re
hearses a rude poem, or a romantic tale, is looked
up to with respect. Whatever exalts men above
their peers will ever be cultivated with care; and
sons will often endeavour to excel in what had rais
ed their fathers to distinction. The prevalence of
tradition, in the darker ages of Europe, is unques
tioned. The bards, the scalds, and the minstrels,
were caressed by the rudest warriors of those bar
barian times. Their older compositions are gene
rally considered as the real actions of ancient
chiefs: fiction prevailed not so much till later
ages: it was the offspring of refinement; and re
finement led the way to the downfall of oral re
 D ISS E R TATION.
cord. For when learning became more diffused;
when feudal lords considered it as no disgrace to
sign their names; when written language became
disseminated through various orders, and many
could read the history of those deeds which for
merly had been confined to the knowledge of a
particular order of men; their songs wanted no
velty; they were no longer sought after ; their
profession fell into contempt; and at length was
gradually extinguished.
A variety of circumstances peculiar to Asia jus
tifies us in supposing, that tradition was more
vigorous in the East than even in the West. In
Persia, India, Tartary, Arabia, from the earliest
times, it has been one of their favourite amuse
ments to assemble, in the serene evenings, around
their tents; on the platforms with which their
houses are in general roofed; or in large halls
erected for the purpose; in order to amuse them
selves in various exercises of genius, and fre
quently in traditional narratives of the most distin
guished actions of their remoter ancestors. Ori
ental imagery might often indeed embellish their
tales; but, like the Gieurusalemme of Tasso, or
the Lusiade of Camoens, the embroidery of the
imagination would not entirely conceal the ground
work of truth. Much rational information will
therefore be discovered, not only in their more
serious traditions, but also amidst the amusing
wildness of their romantic fables. Even in the
Arabian Nights Entertainments, and other Eastern
tales, though we may find no necessity to believe
in Aladdin's lamp, in the Genie Danhash, or the
Fairy Paribn; we shall, nevertheless, discover
a truer picture of Eastern manners and beliefs,
than in all the Grecian writers; or in hundreds of
other books, more generally resorted to as autho
rities. The very havoc made amongst the Persian
records, with the oppression under which they
groaned, during the three first centuries of Ara
bian subjection, might have united more intimately
their men of knowledge; rendered their meetings
more frequent, and their traditions more interest
"g from an apprehension that they would drop
xix
into oblivion, if not strongly and repeatedly im
pressed upon the memories of the rising generation.
That many events may have been in this manner
preserved in poems and legendary tales, like the
Runic fragments of the North, the Romanzes of
Spain, or the Heroic Ballads of our own country,
seems to be highly probable; as well as that such
materials may have originally suggested to Fir
dawsi many of the adventures in his Shh-nmah ;
which, like Homer, when stript of the machinery
of supernatural beings, is supposed to contain much
true history, and a most undoubted picture of the
superstition and manners of the times. Professed
story-tellers, it may also be observed, are of early
date in the East. Even at this day, men of rank
have generally one or more, male or female,
amongst their attendants, who amuse them and
their women, when melancholy, vexed, or indis
posed; and are generally employed to lull them
asleep. Many of their tales are highly amusing,
especially those of Persian origin. They were
even thought so dangerous by Muhammad, that
he expressly prohibited them in the Kurn. The
following is given as the reason : An Arabian mer
chant, called Nasar ben Hrith, having resided
long in Persia, returned to his own country whilst
the Prophet was publishing his Kurn. Nasar
having, perhaps, paid constant attendance at the
meetings above alluded to, had treasured up a
number of stories relative to the famous Asfan
diyr, Rustam, and other ancient heroes of Persia.
These he related to his countrymen; they thought
them excellent: the legends of the Kur'n were
even neglected: and they plainly told Muham
mad, when rehearsing some verses he pretended
to have just received from heaven, that the Per
sian tales were far superior to his. This alarmed
him : and he immediately produced part of a
chapter, as sent by the Angel Gabriel, declaring
them impious and pernicious fables, hateful to
God and to his prophet; a censure which in
stantly and long checked their currency with all
true believers in the new religion.
Another circumstance, which must have greatly
d 2
XX D ISS E R TATION.
contributed to the preservation of written and tra
ditional history in the East, is pride of blood, upon
which their great men value themselves far beyond
the proudest European grandee. Genealogy has
consequently long been cultivated with singular
attention; and the following, amongst other rea
sons, may be assigned for it. The desultory form
of government, which has in general prevailed in
Asia, has seldom left any security but the sword
for the possession of power. Reverses of fortune
have, in consequence, been frequent and sudden ;
and it has been no uncommon object to behold a
man rising to sovereignty, whose father had been
in the meanest condition of mankind. Yet this
abject creature might possibly have been descend
ed from some ancient dynasty of kings, whom a
similar revolution had driven from their throne.
The most powerful and most favoured nobles
would naturally, at the same time, share the fate
of their prince. Some obscure corner or distant
country might give them refuge; where a regard
for personal safety, and the prospect of a new re
volution, would induce them to conceal, under a
mean disguise, the royalty or nobleness of their
origin. This gave an extensive range to claims of
superior birth; and whether real or imaginary,
they were considered as points of too much con
sequence to be neglected by a new monarch, a
successful general, or a rising statesman. Every
species of evidence was therefore anxiously sought
for; and the skilful in genealogy were encouraged
with a liberality that had nothing European in it.
Innumerable proofs might be brought: I shall
mention a few. Ardeshir, surnamed Bbegn, who
(A. D.202) wrested the sceptre from Ardabn, the
last king of the Ashknian dynasty, was the son
of a shepherd, who kept the sheep of one Bbak,
and married his daughter. No sooner however
was he fixed upon the throne, than, with the assist
ance of genealogists, he proved his descent from
Sassn, the disinherited son of Bahaman. Bgah,
the father of Amadu'd'dawlah, the first Persian
monarch of the Daylamite race, was a fisherman;
but his son, when he assumed the diadem (A.D.
932), traced the family to Bahrm Gr, who reign
ed in the middle of the fourth century. Seljk,
the founder of the Seljukian dynasty of Turks,
claimed kindred to Afrsib, an ancient king of
Trn, or Scythia, who makes a conspicuous figure
in the early periods of Persian history. One of the
first cares of Tamerlane was to ascertain his rela
tionship to Changiz Khn; farther it was unne
cessary to go, for that conqueror, in the meridian
of his greatness, had carried up a regular pedigree
to Turk, the son of Japhet. Ismael Sf, the first
king of the late reigning family of Persia, who,
after defeating the princes of the White Ram,
mounted the throne about the year 1502, traced
immediately his genealogy to the Caliph Ali, and
Ftima, the daughter of the Prophet. It must be
unnecessary to multiply examples: inferior men
were equally ambitious of high descent: whilst it
may not be unworthy of remark, that the whole
idea appears to have originated more from fashion
or a natural impulse of the mind, than any consi
deration of state-policy: for we by no means find
that the people of Asia have ever distinguished
themselves for attachment to royal blood; having
submitted, in general, with equal facility to so
vereign power, whether administered by the son
of a prince or the son of a peasant.
Such having been the ruling passion in the East
for illustrious descent, it is hardly necessary to
observe, that genealogy is a study so intimately
connected with historical knowledge, that it is im
possible to arrive at any proficiency in the one,
without being minutely versed in the other : but
particularly on the present ground, where appeals to
the eras and actions of distinguished men, through
whom it would be necessary to connect the chain
of evidence, must have required a very critical ac
quaintance with chronology and public facts; to
avoid obvious contradictions, and give an air of
plausible accuracy to pedigrees, which, in many
cases, must have been more specious than solid.
The same elevation of sentiment, we may also
observe, which inspired those high ideas of supe
rior birth, led naturally to a wish for future fame.
 D IS S E R TAT I O N.
To add to the glory of a family-line was a favourite
object. Historians and poets were, of consequence,
often in the train of a successful conqueror; they
were witnesses of the events they were to deliver
down to future times; and they were neither ex
pected to exaggerate nor invent. The riches and
honours conferred therefore on men of genius, has
nothing similar in our Western world: whilst the
freedom of their strictures, and the manliness of
their moral lessons, will hardly be conceived by
those who have been accustomed to annex to
Eastern minds the feelings alone of servility and
terror. We have, in consequence, particular his
tories, not only of almost every Eastern dynasty,
and of every distinguished prince, but of the prin
cipal countries and cities of Asia; most of them
written with such an apparent adherence to truth
and impartiality, that they are almost constantly
preferred to European writers by our modern his
torians of the Crusades and other Eastern events
of the middle ages. The royal and noble authors
of Asia are, at the same time, numberless: a cata
logue alone would fill a volume. I shall here only
take notice of the vizier Nizmul mulk, as a small
manuscript of that great man's will furnish me with
several curious facts relative to Eastern manners.
Nizm rose from a private station in the eleventh
century, to be vizier to the Sultan Alp Arsln, and
his son Malikshh Jallu'ddin; which high office barbarity that could degrade human nature; the
he held till near ninety years of age, when he was
stabbed by a Batanist, one of the subjects of the
Old Man of the Mountain, whilst he was reading
a petition which the assassin had presented. This
vizier was one of the most extraordinary men of
any age or country. He was a complete statesman
and a consummate general; he was learned, and
a most munificent patron of learning; he founded
and endowed many seminaries of science, but par
ticularly a noble college at Bagdad; his palace was
ever open to men of genius, many of whom enjoyed
great pensions from his privy purse; they looked
upon themselves as his subjects and children, and
usually attended their benefactor, on great solem
"ties from every quarter of the empire.
- xxi
From the foregoing observations, which might
be swelled by many authorities, I apprehend it will
appear sufficiently evident, that the Persians and
other Asiatics have been remarkably attentive to
the annals of their country; that their materials
for ancient history are upon a footing of respect
not inferior to those of more Western nations; that
their traditions are upon a ground fully as substan
tial as those of the Greeks, the Egyptians, and
other people of high antiquity: and that the am
bition of royal and noble descent, more conspicu
ous in Asia than even in the more western regions,
must have been productive of much research, and
opened uncommon channels for genealogical and
historical investigation.When we strengthen this
chain of facts and probabilities, by considering how
high in favour physicians and other learned Greeks
were at the courts of almost every Muhammadan
prince; when we consider the number of mer
chants and other travellers in perpetual motion
between the East and West; when we consider the
frequent embassies, the alliances by marriage, the
familiarity of conversation, which appears to have
been supported with an ease wherein interpreters
had evidently no concern; and when we add to
the whole, the singular attachment of the princes
of the East to almost every species of learning,
whilst Constantinople was the theatre of every
presumption is much stronger that the Asiatics
spoke Greek, than that the Grecians spoke Arabic
or Persian. As every ground of reason seems to
lead us therefore to conclude, that the Greek
tongue was, for many centuries, known in the
East, nearly as well perhaps as it now is in Europe,
we must extinguish all curiosity in man, and con
tradict every characteristic disposition of human
nature, if we suppose that the Grecian accounts of
Ancient Asia should have remained, for so many
ages, wholly unknown to the men of erudition who
wrote ; or the men of rank, who patronized them.
History is one of the first objects which engages
the attention, when dipping into a foreign tongue.
Sovereigns and ministers of state must ever, above
xxii D ISS E R TATION.
all men, be interested in knowing what strangers
say relative to their own or neighbouring kingdoms.
The Caliph Almamiin, in particular, was a prince
of extensive erudition, and unbounded curiosity.
He could not well be indifferent with regard to
what the ancients might say relative to Babylonia,
his royal residence and seat of government. He
had ordered, without restriction, a general collec
tion of Greek authors to be made for the purpose
of translation; and it is impossible to suppose that
historians could be excepted; they must have been
submitted, amongst the rest, to the review of the
learned; their subject would naturally be reported
to the Caliph ; and if not translated, it could ap
parently arise only from the consideration, that
their history of those countries seemed merely the
Tale of a Tub seriously told ; and by no means
agreeable to the belief either of the aborigines of
the country, or of the ingenious men of all nations,
who, from every quarter of the empire, flocked
to Bagdad, as the centre of magnificence and
science. When we reflect, then, that the Muham
madan writers have paid no regard to the Grecian
histories; that they have given us facts of a very
different complexion; that no historian will ever
presume to publish annals of his own country, to
tally dissimilar to the great lines of ancestorial
achievement, which must ever remain strongly
impressed upon the minds of a people; and that
those histories of Persia are considered as genuine
by the Asiatics in general ; no observation on
the manners of mankind can justify a total dis
regard to them, though dissonant to the relations
which we have hitherto been accustomed to re
ceive. Modern compilers of ancient history may
wish indeed to conceal their ignorance of the
languages and literature of the East, under one
general unsupported assertion, that they are
wild, uninteresting, and obscure ; but such a
mode of indiscriminate censure can tend only to
perpetuate error. Truth ought to be searched
for wherever it can be found ; and a well authen
ticated fact, if told by a Persian, an Arab, or a
Chinese, should remove an improbability, though
adorned with all the eloquence of Greece or
Rome.*
It will not be conceived, however, that P wish
any ancient story exploded but upon grounds of
obvious propriety. A free and candid investiga
tion is all that is proposed. Even the most impos
sible and most absurd of the Grecian and Roman
fables may keep their ground, till more rational and
well supported facts appear to fill their room. Any
thing is better than a vacuum. Geographers of
unknown regions, according to the poet, place in
their maps elephants instead of towns: and
there can be no harm in allowing the elephantine
legends of old Greece still to amuse our leisure
hours; but if a town is at length discovered, the
elephant should surely change his station. Se
miramis, the Argonauts, Sesostris, and half the
marvellous tales of early times, are all elephants:
but as they would leave a mighty blank in those
high ages of able, they may still continue to fill
their respective nitches; like Bacchus, and Venus,
and Hercules, and Ceres: but I cannot help think
ing that it is refining rather too much upon the
credulity of man, to fix, like the great Newton,
the precise epochas of those Pagan gods and heroes,
by introducing even eclipses, and other astrono
mical observations, to demonstrate the eras and
adventures of beings, whose existence stands upon
a ground by no means more substantial than the
Garagantua of Rabelais, or the Brobdignaggs of
Lemuel Gulliver. I do not pretend says Sir
Isaac, (in the eighth page of his Chronology), to
be exact to a year: there may be errors of five
or ten years, and sometimes twenty, and not
much above. This publication, indeed, bearing
the name of the immortal Newton, though highly
built upon by subsequent chronologers, is so un
speakably inferior to that great man's other works,
that I am almost unwilling to believe its authenti
city; and can hardly be persuaded he ever would
have published it himself. The materials of which
it is composed were probably mere memoranda,
committed to paper in the intervals of relaxation
from more abstracted studies. He could not but
 D ISS E R TATION.
perceive contradictions and impossibilities in the
ancient historians, and in the systems of those who
had framed chronologies from their data. Some
thing he might have meditated, and something we
might have had, of authority similar to his higher
demonstrations, had he lived to have sent it into
the world, completely considered, and finished
with that penetrating discernment, which so re
markably distinguished his philosophical investiga
tions. But this remains to be regretted. Posthu
mous publications are always to be suspected; and
many a great man's fame has felt most cruel stabs
from the avidity of the public for even the glean
ings of superior genius, and the undiscerning zeal
of some surviving friends.
Let us now take a slight view of the consistency
of the Greek writers, and the more modern chro
nologers, with regard to a few of the famous per
sonages and events of antiquity, and then candidly
determine the justice of their claim to unlimited
behef and authority. Queen Semiramis, according
to Ctesias, lived about 2280 before Christ : Hel
vicus says 2248: Syncellus 2177: Petavius 2000:
Eusebius 1984: Dr. Jackson 1964: Archbishop
Usher 1215: Philobiblius (from Sanconiathon)
1200: Sir Isaac Newton 760 : Herodotus 713 :
and D'Herbelot, supposing her to have been the
Persian queen Humy, grandmother to Drb II.
(Darius Codomannus), brings her down within four
hundred years of our era, Diodorus, Strabo, Sui
das, Arrian, and others, differ also in various de
grees, whilst the actions they ascribe to her are as
monstrous and impossible, as the disagreement of
their respective eras. * but to have come from Egypt. Granting therefore
The Argonautic Expedition has, by many learn
ed men, been considered as a fact so unquestion
able, that it has become a kind of grand era for
ascertaining the more doubtful dates of many sub
sequent events. Sir Isaac Newton, by calculations
f the retrograde motion of the equinoctial and
solstitial points, called the Colures, from their
supposed place then, till the year 1690, fixes this
expedition about the year 937 B. C. grounded
thiefly upon a supposition, that the Greek sphere
xxiii
was invented by two of the Argonauts, Chiron and
Musaeus, who delineated the expedition, under the
name of the Argo, amongst the asterisms. But
this seems to be a fundamental error into which
this great man has fallen, even in his own line.
Canopus, the chief star of Argo, is only 37 degrees
from the south pole : the greatest part of the con
stellation is still nearer to it. The course of the
supposed voyage from Greece to Colchis lies be
tween 39 and 45 degrees of north latitude. A few
only of the lesser stars can possibly be seen in the
whole track: whilst those of the first magnitude,
and which alone are deserving of notice in every
astronomical observation, are, in those parts, to
tally invisible. But had this sphere been con
structed by the Argonauts, and had they wished
to commemorate the enterprise by placing their
ship amongst the stars, they must apparently have
chosen a constellation which was conspicuous in
Greece, and not one, the visible stars of which were
too minute to attract attention, or to be of the least
use in the direction of their navigation. But in
fact the very foundation of this astronomical ques
tion has no basis: we have no demonstration of the
era of Chiron and Musus, or even of their ex
istence. The invention of the sphere, rude as it
confessedly was, and by no means a solid ground
for exact calculation, is at the same time assigned to
many who where not Argonauts; and their preten
sions seem equally substantial. Diodorus ascribes
it to Atlas; some attribute it to Palamedes; others
to Nausicaa, the daughter of king Alcinous; and
many deny it to have been even of Grecian origin,
that the equinoctial colure actually passed through
the middle of Aries, when that sphere was con
structed, no argument can possibly be drawn from
thence to fix the Argonautic expedition, any more
than the building of the pyramids, till it has been
previously shown that the Argonauts were the
inventors.
Let us next consider the Argonauts in point of
number, their course, their achievements, and the
time employed in the expedition. Fifty-one is the
xxiv. x D ISS E R T ATION.
highest amount: some make them only forty-four;
yet these heroes, besides many other important
feats, attack Laomedon and take Troy; they build
cities and temples in various distant countries,
which half a million could neither have erected nor
peopled, and returned to Greece in four months,
or, according to some, in two. The course they
steer is equally full of contradiction. On their re
turn from Colchis, they found, it is said, AEtes, the
king of that country, whose fleece and daughter
they had stolen, prepared with a fleet to dispute
their passage through the Bosphorus of Thrace.
Declining an engagement, they struck across the
Euxine, and sailed up the Danube, the Don, or
some other river, through Northern Europe, into
the Baltic ; and thence returned, by the Mediter
ranean, to Greece. Some conduct them from the
Danube to the Po or the Rhone; and others, by
the southern ocean, through Lybia. Another class
traces them over the great continent of Asia into
the Indian ocean, the Red Sea, and the Nile ;
dragging their Argo all the way over mountains, or
carrying it on their shoulders, where they could
not conveniently sail. It is unnecessary to dwell
upon the more minute deviations. Some make
Hercules the commander, others insist for Jason;
and even the place of destination is varied from
Colchis on the Euxine, to the extremity of the
Indian coast. Diodorus, to give the whole an air
of probability, contradicts, in many respects, every
prior account, and makes them return through the
Hellespont; leaving all their famous buildings, to
which he himself, nevertheless, frequently alludes,
to be reconciled to an agreement with this route by
the reader, or any subsequent historian. It would
be endless to enlarge upon the various impossibi
lities of this celebrated enterprise; and indeed the
accounts given by Diodorus, Strabo, and other later
writers, were there no other inconsistency, seem
at once to be a complete refutation of the whole.
They saw the contradictions of their predecessors:
absurdities and incongruities in almost every line
could not well escape their penetration. They
went therefore upon a different plan ; they took
part of one, part of another, threw in conjecture
with a liberal hand, and formed from the whole an
hypothesis, which might give an author some slight
air at least of consistency with himself. Their
tales are more plausible; yet still they are but tales;
we cannot call them facts. Such, however, has
been the system apparently adopted by every sub
sequent choronologer and compiler. Diodorus
appears to have been the model. We have, in con
sequence, ancient events, not as they really hap
pened, but as it was thought they should have
happened. In their hands early history has ac
quired, in some respects, the superficial appearance
of probability; but as much may be said for Pha
ramond or Cassandra ; and Oroondates, Arsaces,
and the Fair Barsina, may throw in their claims to
be realized, with equal pretensions to reason as
Hercules, Jason, or Medea.
To launch upon the ocean of chronology would
require a separate and an extensive treatise. It
may only be proper here to observe, that all the
eminent men in this line have split upon the rock
of system. A favourite hypothesis being once
adopted, they bend every thing to a coincidence.
Sir John Marsham and Sir Isaac Newton, for ex
ample, fancy a similitude between Shishacking of
Egypt and Sesostris, whose being and period of
existence is as doubtful as Semiramis. The fabu
lous Sesostris conquered half the world; but the
Shishac of Scripture only plundered Jerusalem and
returned. All the resemblance that can be dis
cerned is, that they are both said to have been kings
of Egypt, and that they had both great armies; yet
to force them into a point of contact, Sesostris is
brought down some hundreds of years from the
station where ancient historians had placed him;
and circumstances totally dissimilar are racked
into a most unsatisfactory proof of their similitude.
But, with less violence, Charlemagne and Louis
XIV. might be made the same person. They were
both kings of France; both were powerful princes;
and both possessed, to a very high degree, the
thirst of extensive conquest, and the consequent
luxury of making mankind wretched.
 D ISS E R TAT I O N.
But the endeavours of commentators to reconcile
all the events of ancient times to the history of the
Greeks, have by no means been confined to pagan
annals. The chronology of the Sacred Writings
has, in many points, without the appearance of ne
cessity, been forced into an analogy with their
imaginary eras: in consequence of which, a variety
of anachronisms have been introduced, which are
in direct opposition to the Historical Books of Scrip
ture, to the Jewish Chronicles, to Josephus, and to
all observation on the longevity of man. I shall
attempt to clear up one event, submitting, with
much deference, the solidity of my conjectures to
men of deeper research and superior abilities.
The Grecians have given us the history of a Per
sian king, called Kg, which we translate Cyrus.
Isaiah prophecies, that a prince named wh Cresh
will release the Jews from captivity, and order the
rebuilding of the temple. To reconcile these two
princes, has been considered as an object of high
importance, and much learning has been employed
to embarrass a much more simple and satisfactory
chronology. The Jewish larger chronicle, and
Josephus, finish the building of the temple only
about thirty-four years before the fall of the Persian
empire: the Samaritan interruptions had protract
ed the completion of the work near twenty years:
the Macedonian conquest took place about the year
331; to which, if we add the fifty-four years above
mentioned, the proclamation of Cresh must have
been issued about the year 385. But the death of
Cyrus is placed by the concurrence of our chrono
lgers, in 529, or 144 years before this period: he
therefore could not be the prince alluded to by
Isaiah. As a confirmation of the probability of the
Jewish dates, Josephus mentions expressly, that
Suballat, the Samaritan governor, who had given
so much interruption to the building of the temple,
was alive in the time of Alexander; which is ex
tremely possible by the above chronology: but by
the common system, he must then have exceeded
*Years of age. Jaddua was the high priest who
met Alexander on his return from the siege of
"y, in the year 332. Now by the Sacred Writ
XXV
ings we find, that Jaddua was the fifth in succes
sion from Jeshua, who, together with Zorobabel,
conducted home the captive Jews. This event, if
connected with the Grecian Cyrus, must have been
in the year 586, or 204 years before the above
mentioned meeting, which happened in the seventh
year of Jadduas priesthood. As Jeshua was pro
bably advanced in age, when commissioned with
Zorobabel to lead the captive people home, seven
teen years may be a full allowance for his dignity,
subsequent to that period; which leaves forty-five
years each to the other four; a term far beyond
all calculation and probability: especially as the
Jewish high priesthood was remarkable for a very
quick succession. The opinion and records of the
Jews, when fixing the chronology of the building
of this temple, an event which must have made so
powerful an impression upon the minds of the
whole nation, ought indeed to have been decisive,
where no opposition especially was found to the
Canonical Books. But for no reason that can ap
parently be discovered, excepting to force the
Cresh of Isaiah to be the Cyrus of the Greeks,
have our commentators laboured to involve a plain
narrative in darkness; and to create with many a
doubt of the whole, because there appeared irre
concileable contradictions in the parts.
As an attachment to the chronology of Greece
seems to have led therefore to many unnecessary
liberties with Scripture, it cannot be improper to
observe how far the historians of Asia correspond
with the Sacred Writings. Those kingdoms known
to us by the names of the Assyrians, Medes, and
Babylonians, appear, from the Eastern writers, to
have formed early one great empire, subject to the
kings of Persia, on a tenure nearly resembling the
feudal system. The principal of those dependent
principalities seems to have been Babylon; which,
during the reign of Lohorsb, was governed by a
prince called Nabocodnassar, Nakhtunassar, or
Bakhtunassar; who is described as having pushed
his conquests far into the West: and particularly
to have over-run Judea, and made captives of the
inhabitants. His son and successor is painted as a
xxvi D ISS E R TATION.
brutal tyrant, whose oppression of the Jews drew
upon him the resentment of Ardeshir Dirzdast,
king of Persia, who removed him from the govern
ment, and appointed in his room Cresh, a prince
of the blood, grandson of Lohorsb. The mother
of this prince, they add, was a Jewess; and this
they give as one reason for the warmth with which
he espoused the cause of the Israelites; to whom
he gave permission to return to Jerusalem, with
every encouragement towards the rebuilding of the
temple. Now let us observe the chronology, and
we shall find a remarkable concurrence. Drb
II. is said, by the Persian historians, to have
reigned fourteen years; Drb I. twelve; and queen
Humy thirty; whose immediate predecessor, as
before observed, was Ardeshir. If we place then
the issuing of the proclamation two years before
Ardeshirs death, this brings it to the year 388
B. C., a difference of only three years from the
Jewish dates; and of small consequence in such
remote transactions. Ardeshir reigned long ; let
us suppose thirty-eight years before the proclama
tion of Cresh ; add about thirty more for the reign
of Kishtsb; and the commencement of the seventy
gears captivity will be placed in the end of the reign
of Lohorsb, by whose orders Nabocodnassar, as
before observed, conquered Syria, Palestine, and
other Western districts.
The great lines coinciding thus, in a manner so
singular, I shall proceed to observations on the
seeming disagreement of some inferior points. It
appears evident both from Daniel and the Persian
historians, that Cresh or Cyrus acted a subor
dinate part in the taking of Babylon; the name
of his superior being, according to the Sacred
Writers, Darius the Mede ; but, according to the
Persians, Ardeshir or Bahaman. No etymological
ingenuity, it is certain, can discover a resemblance
between those names; but that does not seem to be
of the smallest consequence. The great rock, as
observed above, upon which our chronologers
have uniformly split, is an attention to the fancied
similitude of names; and to this they have often
sacrificed every consistency of fact. But nothing
can offer a more unsubstantial basis. It has been
long a custom in the East for the reigning sove
reign to give his son some important government,
with the title of king; and this name he generally
changed when he succeeded to his father. The
son and successor of Shpr II. in the fourth
century, was called Karmnshh, and by our writers
Carmasat ; but when he mounted the throne of
Persia he assumed the name of Bahrm. Changiz
Khn, in the early part of life, was called Temujin.
Many of the Great Moguls have bore different
names before their accession. Similar instances are
innumerable. It was even common in Greece :
Plato was originally named Aristo. That an al
teration of names prevailed greatly in old times,
we have remarkable proofs in the Paralipomena
books of Scripture. When Esther was selected
amongst other virgins for the royal choice, her
former name Hadassah was dropt; and a new one
given to her, signifying, in Persian, a star. When
Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, were
chosen to attend the king, their names were
changed to Belleshazzar, Shadrach, Meshach, and
Abednego. All nations, we may also observe, have
had a greater or less partiality for metonymical and
metaphorical allusions; and many personages have
been often described by some peculiar attribute, or
title, which was perfectly well understood by those
to whom the speech or writing was addressed,
though by no means obvious to others without a
key. In the Sacred Writings, a history of the Per
sian empire is not intended : such points only are
touched upon as are connected with the annals of
the Jews: to be intelligible to the chosen people
is all that was proposed : the name, the title, or
the epithet of the sovereign of Persia, which was
most familiar to them, was consequently chosen;
and whether it was the King, the Great King,
Darius, or any corresponding denomination, it was
certainly a point of no importance, whilst they all
were perfectly understood. Dr, as observed
before, signifies, in Persian, a Great King ; and
the addition of Median might simply denote that
his chief residence was in that country. The dif.
 D ISS E R TAT I O N.
ferent Persian monarchs of the Kaynian dynasty
had a partiality for different cities in their exten
sive empire. Lohorsb was so remarkably fond of
Balkh in Khursn, that he is often called Balkhi.
His successor Kishtsb gave the preference to
Islakhar or Persepolis. Bahaman might have lived
occasionally in Media; and possibly have marched
from thence, attended by Cresh, on the expedition
against Babylon. Queen Humy was particularly
attached to Persepolis, where the Asiatic historians
say she built the celebrated palace which they name
Chihalminr, afterwards destroyed by Alexander;
and, as this became the favourite abode of her suc
cessors till the Macedonian conquest, we accord
ingly find that every subsequent event, mentioned
in the Sacred Writings, is referred to the time of
Darius the Persian ; though comprehending a pe
riod far beyond the reign of that prince ; a circum
stance which has induced Sir Isaac Newton to sup
pose Darius the Persian to include Darius Nothus
as well as Darius Codomannus; a theory by no
means satisfactory, as it will not account for the
silence of Scripture with regard to the intermediate
princes, Artaveraes Mnemon, Artaveraes Ochus,
and Arogus. The whole endeavours of the learned,
indeed, to reconcile the Persian kings of Scripture
to the Persian kings of the Greeks, appear only to be
productive of embarrassment; but if the theory
now proposed is found to be just, of considering
many of the Scripture names as mere royal titles,
it will correspond perfectly with the sublime figu
rative language of the Sacred Writers, and pave the
way for removing several perplexing difficulties.
The only Babylonish and Persian princes found in
the Bible are Nebuchadnezzar, Evil Merodach,
Belshazzar, Ahasuerus, Darius the Mede, COresh,
and Darius the Persian : Artarerwes is also men
tioned in Nehemiah. The first Babylonish prince
corresponds exactly in name, era, and actions with
the Persian historians. The next two are not
named by them; being only in general considered
as governors or feudatory princes under the Great
King; and the others, I apprehend, are simply
pithets, given indiscriminately to any of the Per
xxvii
sian monarchs, like Casar or Czar in Europe.
Ahasuerus or Achasuerus has, in particular, been
the subject of much etymological investigation.
Sir Isaac Newton, by inadvertency, makes him, in
one place, to be Cyawares, and, in another, Xerates.
Archbishop Usher supposes him to be Darius
Hystaspes ; Scaliger, Xerxes; Josephus, the Sep
tuagint, and Dr. Hyde, Artaverales Longimanus.
Now each of these conjectures contradicts the
other; and none of them coincide with the common
chronology of the Bible, excepting Usher. Four
different princes are named ; and a range is taken
of 187 years: the reign of the first, according to
Newton, commencing 611 years, and the last dying
424, B. C. As such disagreements amongst our
most learned men show clearly that the basis must
be wrong, there can be no impropriety in adding
one conjecture more, which is, that Ahasuerus,
like Darius, is not the name of any individual
prince, but a title; and probably derived, by a very
simple Persian etymology, from Khusraw ; which
signifies a Great King. Khusraw, or Kay Khusraw,
was the third prince of the Kaynian dynasty:
whose successful wars against the Trnians or
Scythians, the old hereditary enemies of Persia,
had greatly extended and firmly established the
empire. His reputation was high in Asia: he was
almost adored by his subjects, and by after genera
tions. The names of distinguished men in the East
have frequently been assumed as titles by succeed
ing princes; and they have been often given to
them by foreign nations, whether they assumed
them or not. Many kings of the Ashknian and
Sassnian dynasties bore the name of this ancient
Persian monarch, by way of adjunct or surname,
as Khusraw Parviz, or Khusraw Nshirvn ; and
the Romans gave the name of Cosroes to almost
every sovereign of the Sassnian race. That
foreigners might, in older times, have done the
same with respect to the Kaynian princes, is en
tirely consistent with probability; and upon this
ground we shall obviate another difficulty, with
regard to Ahasuerus, which seems difficult to be
reconciled on other principles; and furnishes, at
e 2
xxviii D IS S E R TAT I O N.
the same time, a strong presumptive argument in
support of the present theory. We find an Aha
suerus in Esther, and an Ahasuerus in Ezra. Now
according to the common Scripture and Greek
chronology, these cannot be the same individual
prince. The marriage of the first with Esther is
placed about the year 515 B. C. Cyrus, as before
observed, died in 529, and Darius Hystaspes, suc
ceeding Smerdis Magus in 521, reigned till 485.
But in Ezra we find the succession to be Cyrus,
Darius, and Ahasuerus. This last prince must
have reigned therefore after Darius, not earlier
than 485; and could not reign likewise, cotem
porary with him, in 515. Should the advocate for
Archbishop Usher's idea even insist, that, notwith
standing this passage, there was still but one
Ahasuerus : and that Ahasuerus was Darius ; for
the sake of argument it might be granted, without
weakening the hypothesis; as it would then de
monstrate, that the same prince is called in the
Bible both Darius and Ahasuerus ; and that they
were consequently both royal titles, and indiscri
minately used. It may perhaps be said, that if
these were royal titles, the prefixing of Malik, or
any similar word implying a sovereign, as King
Darius, or King Ahasuerus, would be a tautologi
cal redundancy. But that would be an objection
of no weight, nothing being more common in the
East : a famous prince in the eleventh century,
amongst many instances, being called Sultn Malik
Shh, which literally signifies king king king.
The apparent conclusions to be drawn from the
preceding observations are, That the Greeks and
Romans, in their ancient histories, especially of
distant countries, are often wrong; and, in general,
liable to suspicion : that their accounts of the East,
as well with regard to manners, as historic facts,
are inconsistent with the Asiatic authors; irrecon
cileable with Scripture; contradictory in them
selves; and often impossible in nature: that as the
later writers, Diodorus, Strabo, Plutarch, are often
in complete opposition to the earlier historians, and
complain of the repugnances with which they are
every where perplexed, nothing can more strongly
point to a fundamental error. That modern chro.
nologers, commentators, and compilers of ancient
history, differ likewise greatly in opinion; support
ing frequently their systems by points of a most
doubtful complexion, and rejecting others of a far
more probable appearance : that a resemblance of
names is often preferred to a consistency in facts:
that the inventions of superstition, or the fictions
of poets, are often viewed as real events; and the
same critical accuracy employed in fixing the early
epochs of imaginary beings, as in resolving the
most rational truths of more authentic times.
That such being the uncertain basis of ancient
story, no materials ought to be despised: that the
Persian and Arabian historians are entitled to at
tention, in whatever regards their own countries;
their relations being grounded at least on national
belief; and national beliefnever originating without
some foundation : that the mere priority in time of
the Western to the Eastern writers, when unsup
ported by circumstances of higher evidence, should
give no preference, in regard to authority; as,
upon the same principles, we might rank a Ctesis
before Plutarch ; a Roger de Hoveden before
Hume ; or a Gregory of Tours before De Thou :
that we may perceive some strong lines of truth in
the Eastern historians, from their concurrence
with the Bible, in the few facts mentioned above ;
whilst even their silence on some heads, with their
slight variation in others, furnish high presumption
of their authenticity; for had they been exactly
in conformity with the Scripture, we should na
turally have concluded that their materials had
been borrowed from thence; and considered them
merely in the light of translations. But the man
ner in which they are told shows that the great
lines were independently known in Persia ; and
that the difference is simply what might have been
expected between sacred writers, who had every
opportunity of information, and the annalists of
another country, who neither had such advantages,
nor were so deeply interested in the events.
The usefulness of the Arabic language, in the
illustration of Scripture, has indeed long been
 D ISS E R TATION.
generally acknowledged; whilst the Persian, little
studied by the learned, has hardly ever been con
sidered as an auxiliary in this important point. Yet
when we reflect upon the intimate connection of
a great part of the history of the Jews with that of
Persia, it is difficult to account for this singular
inattention upon any ground, but the supposition,
that the old dialect of Persia is lost; and that the
modern can give no assistance in remote inquiries.
But this, as I have before observed, seems to be a
surmise, unsupported by the slightest authority;
the pure Persian now in use being evidently of
very high antiquity; and apparently the chief lan
guage in which any thing Persian, worth preserva
tion or recovery, has been written by the ancient
natives: however it may have been disguised under
a variety of perplexing characters, which few have
given themselves the trouble to consider with at
tention. Should the Arabic and Persian languages
ever become therefore, like the Greek and Latin,
objects of general education; and learned men,
freed from the fetters of prejudice, be once brought
to suppose, that Grecian and Roman information
may sometimes be assisted or corrected by a judi
cious study of Eastern authors, many discoveries
must evidently be expected; which may furnish a
variety of useful clues to the dark labyrinths of
ancient mythology, history, and manners.
Amongst other learned men who, apparently
from an idea of their modern date,have disputed the
utility of the Arabic and Persian languages, in the
investigation of remote antiquity, is the ingenious
author of A new System or Analysis of Ancient My
thology; a work in which the novel ingenuity of
the analytic system, the penetration and judgment
displayed in the refutation of vulgar errors, with
the new and informing light in which he has placed
a variety of ancient facts, leaves the learned world
only to regret, that this classical writer had not, to
his singular knowledge in Greek and Roman litera
ture, added some tincture of the languages and
learning of the East. As there appears, however,
to be an impropriety in any person's condemning
what he confessedly does not understand; and as
xxix
this learned gentleman has attacked a province
which I conceive it to be my duty to defend ; I
shall endeavour to remove some of the prejudices
which he may have created: as the errors of a
writer of uncommon abilities, who has laid down
canons for future history, may have a more dan
gerous tendency than the mistakes of inferior men,
whom few read, and still fewer follow.
The chief points which Mr. Bryant means to
establish, are, First, The universality of the deluge
from Gentile authorities. Secondly, The migration,
after the Babel dispersion, of a people whom he
calls Cuthites or Amonians, the descendants of Chus
the son of Ham. Thirdly, The Arkite ceremonials,
with the general worship of the Sun and Fire, as
introduced by those people into the different
countries where they established colonies.
Two great lines, our learned author observes,
marked, in particular, the Amonian character; the
monuments and rites which they every where insti
tuted, as memorials of the universal deluge; and
the proofs they every where left of their idolatrous
worship of the Sun and Fire. With regard to the
first great event, I shall only observe, in general,
that the departing from the Sacred Writings, to
prove the destruction of mankind by Pagan autho
rities, however laudable the intention, seems first
to shake to the foundations the venerable fabric,
and then to prop it with a bulrush. For, where
recourse is had to feeble and imperfect evidence,
a cause must ever be hurt in proportion to its
failure. Yet, as if truth wanted the aid of fiction,
innumerable have been the attempts of the learned
to establish, by forced and unnatural construction,
a conformity between the early history of the
Hebrews and the later fables of Greece, Egypt,
and other ancient nations. From the fragments of
Berosus, Abydenus, Sanconiathon, Manetho, and
other remote fablers, any thing, and every thing,
may indeed be drawn, which a lively imagination
can suggest ; but the working up of such strange
materials into any circumstance descriptive of
Noah's deluge, shews a warmth of fancy highly
prepared for the reception of every thing marvel.
XXX D ISS E R TATION.
lous; whilst, giving them all their utmost force,
they prove, at last, precisely nothing: for inge
nious men, if resolved to apply to profane materials
in support of Scripture, ought to go to mountain
ous districts, and to countries far removed from
the possibility of natural inundations; they ought
to consider Hindstn, and other quarters of the
world, where they positively refuse to believe this
important era. Testimonies from such regions
would be far more conclusive than hundreds of
volumes from Egypt and Chaldea. The periodical
overflowings of the Nile, it is easy to imagine,
might have proved fatal to the first inhabitants of
Egypt, till experience had taught them to guard
against inundations; whilst the terror naturally
filling the minds of rude men, who, with difficulty,
had escaped a deluge in which their dearest friends
had perished, might easily give rise to ten times
more superstitious rites than ever investigation has
discovered in ancient Egypt. The same argu
ments will hold with equal force in regard to the
still darker glimmerings from Babylonia, where
mounds, canals, and all the efforts of the ruling
powers for thousands of years, have not been able
to prevent the sudden desolation which the Eu
phrates and Tigris have often spread around. To
advance, in short, as proofs of an universal deluge,
such ceremonies as the processions of Egyptian
priests, with a boat and a strange figure, appears
to be equally unsatisfactory, as the demonstration
of a general destruction by fire would have been,
from observations on the environs of Mounts
Vesuvius or AEtna.
The next point, in relation to the Cuthite or
Amonian worship of the Sun and Fire, I shall
consider with more attention; as the strongest
arguments seem naturally to spring from the sub
ject, to demonstrate the usefulness of the Arabic
and the Persian languages, in relation to the his
tory and mythology of ancient times; and show
convincingly, at the same time, that the most inti
mate acquaintance with the literature of Greece
and Rome will lead the greatest critical acumen
but a little way without such assistance. To make
the subsequent observations more intelligible, it
will be proper to give two extracts from the learn
ed author's preface, which will fully shew the
groundwork of his ingenious hypothesis. It is
necessary for me to acquaint the reader that the
wonderful people to whom I allude were the
descendants of Chus, and called Cuthites and
Cuscans: they stood their ground at the general
migration of families, but were at last scattered
over the face of the earth ; they were the first
apostates from the truth, yet great in worldly
wisdom; they introduced, wherever they came,
many useful arts, and were looked up to as a
superior order of beings; hence they were stiled
Heroes, Daemons, Heliadae, Macarians; they
were joined in their expeditions by other nations,
especially by the collateral branches of their
family, the Mizraim, Caphtorim, and the sons of
Canaan. These were all of the line of Ham,
who was held by his posterity in the highest
veneration: they called him Amon; and having,
in process of time, raised him to a divinity, they
worshipped him as the sun ; and from this wor
ship they were stiled Amonians.Most
ancient names, not only of places but of persons,
have a manifest analogy; there is likewise a
great correspondence to be observed in terms of
science, and in the titles which were of old be
stowed upon magistrates and rulers. The same
observation may be extended even to plants and
minerals, as well as to animals, especially to
those which were esteemed at all sacred ; their
names seem to be composed of the same or simi
lar elements, and bear a manifest relation to the
religion in use among the Amonians, and to the
deity whom they adored. This deity was the
sun; and most of the ancient names will be
found to be an assemblage of titles bestowed
upon that luminary. In consequence of this, I
have ventured to give a list of some Amonian
terms, which occur in the mythology of Greece
and in the histories of other nations. Most an
cient names seem to have been composed out of
these elements; and into the same principles
 D ISS E R TATIO N.
they may be again resolved by an easy and fair
evolution. I subjoin to these a short interpre
tation, and, at the same time, produce different
examples of names and titles, which are thus
compounded. From hence the reader will see
plainly my method of analysis, and the basis of
my etymological enquiries. -
Thus has this learned gentleman created a people
to fill up every chasm of high antiquity, and to
account for all the phenomena of early population,
history, and superstition. As the Sacred Writings,
however, afford no lights to trace the wanderings
of this extraordinary family; and as all his glean
ings from profane tradition might with equal force,
in the same ingenious hands, prove Confucius to
be William the Conqueror, his proofs, d priori,
seem to amount to nothing ; the great weight of
his evidence resting chiefly on the ground of ety
mological deduction. Such being the station he
has chosen to controvert the systems of all preced
ing writers, and to fix the principles of all suc
ceeding history, it could have been wished, that
the most unquestioned strength had marked his
fundamental axioms; that the definitions of his
elementary particles had been precisely fixed; that
the languages, whence he has drawn the meanings
he has annexed, had been distinctly specified ;
and that not a doubt should have been left upon
the reader's mind with regard to the great basis
upon which this fabric stands. But on this leading
point, assertion seems too often to have usurped
the province of proof: of above forty radicals, a
half at least do not appear to approach the senses
he has given them; whilst misled by his ear and
his eye, he has fancied analogies which the lan
guages will not bear, and drawn conclusions to
which the premises seem completely foreign.
One great endeavour of our learned author is to
trace to his Cuthites the origin of solar and igneous
Worship ; and, in order to fix this theorem, he
brings forward a number of particles, which, he
*YS, in ancient times signified the Sun or Fire,
As he seldom mentions, however, in what parti
cular idiom they were received in those senses,
xxxi
doubts naturally arise. To the sun, as a mere as
tronomical body, or to the fire, as a simple element,
few of them appear to bear the most remote rela
tion; and, in any other sense, descriptive of them
as objects of adoration, they might, with equal
propriety, be adduced to authenticate the worship
of the Egyptian onion, the Druid's oak, or the great
Arabian stone devil in the valley of Mina. For
how far they may have been figuratively applied,
will prove only the traces of general superstition,
without pointing either to the nature, origin, or
votaries of any particular mode of worship; be
cause great, glorious, and such epithets, which
some of those words imply, may have been indis
criminately bestowed upon every stock or stone
which the folly of man has, at any time, thought
proper to treat with respect.
The first of those particles which I shall take
notice of, is il or al. In Hebrew, Arabic, and Per
sian, this word has many different meanings; and,
amongst others, signifies a god: but without the
least authority to suppose that it ever had any par
ticular affinity to the sun. In a variety of instances,
however, it is merely the Arabic article the ; as al
ain, the fountain; al aur, the fire; Ain al shm,
the fountain of Syria (not, the fountain of the sun);
al sayyid, the prince, &c. (and not the Saite prince).
The deity El, Mr. Bryant says, was particu
larly invoked by the Eastern nations, when they
made an attack in battle: at such time they used
to cry out El-el and Al-al. This Mohammed
could not bring his proselytes to leave off, and
therefore changed it to Allh. But this appears
to have no foundation, and the learned gentleman
produces no proof. I have not been able to dis
cover that the Arabians ever entertained the least
partiality for El, as a divinity: nor is the name
even to be found amongst the numerous idols
worshipped by the different tribes; a circumstance
extremely improbable, had it ever been remark
able as an object of their invocation. Allh, on
the contrary, is a word of much antiquity, and was
certainly in use among the Arabians long before
the era of Muhammad. I shall mention one un
xxxii D ISS E R TATION.
questionable authority. The prince Amru'l Kays,
a cotemporary of Muhammad, was one of the most
celebrated of the Arabian poets, and the author
of one of the famous poems formerly mentioned,
called Muallakt ; which, on account of their su
perior excellence, were hung up in the temple of
Mecca. In this poem Allh occurs; where it never
could have appeared, had it been an innovation of
Muhammad. Two reasons seem to be conclusive ;
first, The rooted aversion and contempt that prince
ever entertained for the prophet and his religion,
which would have made him despise the idea of
adopting any thing originating from him ; and,
secondly, The certainty that this poem must have
been written, and suspended in the Kaaba, before
Muhammad's public appearance; or at least before
he had obtained influence sufficient with the Ara
bians to make them depart from established usages;
for after he had got that temple into his power,
we find no more poems hung up there. To have
admitted any thing indeed into that sacred fabric,
which supported not the new religion, would have
been considered as a high profanation; and we
cannot surely suppose that the productions of a
professed pagan, a personal enemy to the prophet,
and an open scoffer at the Moslem faith, should
have met with that favour which was denied from
this period to all the world. Another proof that
Allh was of old used for Omnipotence amongst
the Arabians, may be drawn from the following
circumstances. The chief religion that prevailed
in this country before the Muhammadan, was the
Sabean ; which inculcated a belief in one Supreme
Deity; in the stars and angels as his subordinates;
and in idols, as their representatives. Of those
idols the principal was Allt, or Alihat (the femi
nine of Allh), whom they considered as the eldest
daughter of God, and worshipped, in that charac
ter, with the highest degree of devotion. If the
Arabians had therefore any species of war-cry
before their prophet's era, it was probably either
Allh, which they still use, or Allt, their favourite
goddess ; both of which are derived from a root
totally dissimilar to E!. Was any further argu
ment necessary to prove that this was no introduc
tion of the Arabian lawgiver, the silence of the
Kur'n would alone, perhaps, be sufficient; for
had this cry ever prevailed, and had it ever been
considered as an object of alteration by Muham
mad, it must have been mentioned in that book;
there being no point to which the prophet was
more strictly attentive than to introduce into it, by
the pretended ministry of the angel Gabriel, every
innovation, however trifling, which he judged
proper to make, in the religion, laws, and manners
of his countrymen; in order to gain respect, and
secure obedience to his mandates, which, by this
device, he persuaded his followers were the imme
diate dictates of Heaven.
On, or Eon, is said to be an Egyptian name of
the sun; and for this we have the authority of the
priest Manetho, as quoted by Eusebius and Theo
philus. I shall not dispute it, but only observe,
that every thing relative to the old Egyptians is
so strangely involved in hieroglyphic darkness and
absurdity, that we know little which bears the sem
blance of probability, with regard to their history,
their religion, or their language. The khins, or
priests, it appears, had a mysterious character of
their own ; and as every expression of common
sense seems to have been considered by them as
dangerous to their power, by removing the barrier
of superstition from between them and the people,
symbols, which meant any thing and nothing, were
used as the only medium of religious communica
tion. The rude and hideous hieroglyphics on their
obelisks have no analogy to those of any people in
the world; nor has inquiry fixed the most remote
resemblance between their sacred dialect and that
of any adjacent state. To build therefore Syrian,
Chaldean, or Phrygian rites, dignities, and cities,
on Egyptian foundations, appears, at best, a most
suspicious ground, and certainly very unfit to bear
a superstructure of any magnitude."
The etymological combinations and derivatives
from Ham, the son of the patriarch Noah, and the
supposed progenitor of the Cuthite family, are in
troduced, in a variety of lights, as great authorities
 D IS S E R TAT I O N.
in support of the existence of this uncommon peo
ple; and of the adoration of the Sun and Fire,
which they are said to have so universally propa
gated. But on this head I have many doubts.
Ham, in the Hebrew, as well as in the Arabic, is
spelt with a letter, the true pronunciation of
which is a strong aspiration, resembling h in hound.
Wherever Europeans have therefore written it
Cham, it must apparently have proceeded either
from inadvertency, or to accommodate it to a
similar sound in their own languages. The Ger
mans and Dutch, in particular, will ever adopt
this mode, because they universally give ch a
strong guttural pronunciation: but in English
and other languages it seems to be wrong; as this
Eastern word can never, with propriety, be pro
nounced like character, but precisely as hound
above mentioned, or as Ham, the manner in which
it has been uniformly and judiciously expressed
by the translators of our English Bible. The com
binations in which hard ch or c is introduced, ap
pear, for these reasons, to have no natural concern
with the name of the patriarch; and must, if they
have any meaning, be looked for in various and
very distinct roots; though chance and corrup
tion may possibly, after all, lay a stronger claim to
the far greater number, than the most ingenious
analysis can trace to a more legitimate origin. It
may be said, indeed, and with truth, that some
nations have universally given the hard sound of
ch to this letter; the Italians in particular writing
and pronouncing Muhammad Machomete. But
this is evidently a corruption: corruptions are
not uniform; Persians, Syrians, Greeks, indeed
all nations, corrupt differently. Yet Mr. Bryant
brings names from China to Rome, beginning with
hard c and ch, and all of them, he says, derived
hom Ham but till it can be demonstrated that
these various nations, dissimilar in almost every
Pint of view, are, nevertheless, uniform in their
"ole of corrupting foreign words, we shall hardly
* induced to believe that those names challenge
*" origin from one common radical word.Amon,
"Omanus, and similar names which he also de
xxxiii
duces from Ham, seem, if possible, to be still
more vague. The Hebrew and the Arabic differ
remarkably in their formation from most other
tongues. In these the alphabets are divided into
certain letters, which they call radicals, and ser.
viles. The first are as essential to the texture of a
word, as the head is to the human body; and,
excepting in position, must ever remain unal
tered; conjugation, declension, with every species
of inflexion, derivation, and composition, being
performed by the intermediation of the serviles.
As these are placed not only at the beginning and
end of words, but also in the middle, the radicals
are consequently often separated, and they are
sometimes transposed; but to omit any of those
indispensable letters, or to add a radical to a root
already complete, is absolutely inconsistent with
the genius of the tongues, and wholly destructive
of the words: as either depriving them altogether
of sense, or giving them meanings incompatible
with the intrinsic significations of their themes.
Now the initial h in Ham is a radical letter : to
remove it, is precisely removing the whole word:
Amon, on those principles, can apparently have no
reference to the son of Noah; and every conclu
sion drawn from the Amonian appellative of the
Cuthite people, seems to be a foundation by far
too slight to support the edifice which the learned
gentleman has erected."
Ait, we are next told, is the Sun ; but still with
out mentioning in what dialect. Ait, in Hebrew
and Arabic, signifies a sign, wonder, miracle, &c.
and in this sense Ait-el (which, according to Mr.
Bryant, implies Deus Sol) may be rendered, the
wonderful God; and Ait-ur, the miraculous fire,
instead of the fire or heat of the sun. Athyr, one
of the old Egyptian months, of Chaldean extrac
tion, which he derives from this combination,
See InS however to come from a different origin,
and to be the same with the Persian xir or sar,
which signifies fire, lightning, the angel of fire; and
also a month, which corresponded anciently with
March, and now with November. That the Chal
deans and Persians had many words in common,
f
xxxiv D ISS E R TAT I O N.
is unquestionable; whilst the difference of pro
nunciation is nothing but what is usual in every
word where such letters are found; the Jews, the
Arabians, and probably the Egyptians, giving
uniformly the hard sound th, dh, ds, &c. to those
characters which the Persians have ever softened
into 2 or s.
As, is, or ees, is also said to be the sun. In
Hebrew, as undoubtedly denotes fire; and may,
possibly, have been figuratively applied to the star
of day: I shall here confine my observations there
fore to some mistakes into which Mr. Bryant has
been apparently led by a similarity of sounds.
As, he says, is sometimes compounded with we dispute san's relation to the sun, it is impossible
itself, and rendered asas and azaz, and thence
he draws a variety of conclusions, as if the combi
nations from asas or asis, and azaz or aziz, were
deducible from the same original: but Cicero and
Scanderbeg are not more distinct than the roots
from whence they spring; the first implying, in
Hebrew, as before observed, fire ; and in Arabic,
a foundation, origin, first principle ; the other de
noting glory, dignity, power, &c. whilst the initial
letters are, at the same time, not only quite dif.
ferent, but s and 2, however interchangeable some
times in other languages (as patronize, patronise;
authorize, authorise, in English), are equally re
mote, in the Eastern dialects, from promiscuous
use, as the most opposite sounding characters in
the alphabet. Atish, fire, it may also be remarked,
can never possibly be derived from ad-is, the
radicals being totally irreconcileable; an objection
that indeed may be made to the names of almost
all the countries, temples, lakes, and fountains,
which, by combination, transposition, and fancied
analogy, he lays down, as originating from as or
ag.63
San, son, zan, zaan, Mr. Bryant says, was the
most common name for the sun; but in what
Eastern dialect we are not informed. Upon this
ground, he observes, however, that the Indian
Hercules, or the Greek Dorsanes, was an abridg
ment of Adorsn ; which he interprets Lord of
light : but we have no proof that ador ever signi
fied a lord, or san the sun or light. Ador may be
translated in Arabic, the power of fire : but I
would rather suppose it to be the same as the Per
sian car (fire) mentioned above; for, by the dif.
ference of pointing, or provincial pronunciation, it
may be sounded azor, azer, azyr, ador, &c. Sn,
when subjoined to nouns in the Persian language,
implies similitude; adorsn or azersn signifies,
therefore, resembling fire, splendid, bright ; and
consequently, it may, with propriety, have been
applied as an epithet or attribute to a deity. Br
snes, an ancient king of Armenia, is also said to
denote brsn, or offspring of the Sun; yet still as
to admit it. Br, as an adjunct, denotes a country,
as Malabar, Tranquebar, &c. it also implies great,
elevated; and, in that sense, is often joined with
the name of God: sn signifies dignity, grandeur,
honour, &c. A combination of such terms may
naturally furnish good etymological grounds for
religious or royal titles, without any relation to the
sun : but I will go a little farther, and just hint,
that brsn may be corrupted from barzan or bar
zin, which in Persian denotes fire, a temple offire,
a chief priest of fire; and absolutely the name of
the reputed founder of the first temple of fire in
Armenia; in which country, by Grecian as well
as Eastern tradition, this mode of worship is said
to have originally commenced ; and to have been
carried from thence by Zoroaster into Persia. As
the king was often, at the same time, high priest,
the proposed etymology may not, perhaps, be al
together ideal.
Ast, asta, esta, hestia, signified, our learned
author says, the fire, or the deity of that element ;
but still we are left in the dark with regard to the
tongue. On this supposition, however, he disputes
an etymology of Dr. Hyde with respect to Ista
khar or Persepolis ; and I must venture to differ
not only from both, but even from the Farhang
Jahngiri. The learned Doctor imagines this city
to have been named from a palace or temple hewn
out of a rock; and derives it, in consequence,
from the eighth conjugation of an Arabic verb,
 D ISS E R TATIO N.
which has a reference to stones. The derivation
is sufficiently vague in any point of view; but the
tracing it to an Arabic origin seems to destroy it
at once. It is not till the seventh century of the
Christian era, as before observed, that we are to
look for the introduction of Arabic words into the
Persian language; whilst Istakhar is a city of such
high antiquity, that the origin is lost in uncer
tainty and fiction, King Jamshd is the historical
founder of it: Romance carries it beyond Adam,
and ascribes it to Jn ben Jn, the king of the
Genii: the one indeed may be as fabulous as the
other, but they both incontestibly prove its extreme
antiquity. To suppose, then, that the Persians,
who appear, in all ages, to have been remarkably
attentive to give every place a name, in their own
tongue, expressive of some peculiar quality, or
commemorative of some great event, should, on
the foundation of their metropolis, their chief
temple, or their royal palace, have recourse to a
language they apparently knew nothing of, and
spoken by a people whose political consequence
could then entitle them to no superior respect, ap
pears equally visionary as hunting for the etymolo
gies of London or Paris in the dialects of China
or Japan. Mr. Bryant is led to question this
derivation, but upon grounds, I am afraid, more
refined than solid. I am entirely a stranger
(says he) to the Persic and Arabic languages:
yet I cannot acquiesce in his opinion The
place, to be sure, is built of stone taken from a
quarry or rock: but what temple or palace is
not? This reasoning does not seem conclu
sive; for, were there not, even in England, number
less palaces and churches built of materials very
different from stone, the caprice of founders cannot
always be accounted for; and he might, with the
same force of argument. dispute the existence of
Child tecchia, or Newcastle, because all cities must,
in time, grow old, and every castle must have once
been new. But the interpretation which this ob
jection is meant to introduce, stands upon a bottom
" no means more substantial; for where does esta
gily fire, and char a palace or a temple? Not
XXXV
apparently in the Persian, to which alone we ought
to look for the etymon of a Persian metropolis: and
this idea has accordingly been followed by the
author of the Farhang, who deduces it from a word,
which in that language signifies a large cistern or
tank hollowed out of the rock : but this derivation
appears also to be exceptionable; as every cir
cumstance of likelihood will lead us rather to
imagine that the cistern, instead of bestowing a
name, received its own d posteriori from the
temple; to which it was not only inferior in impor
tance, but subsequent probably in point of time,
whilst the sacred application of its waters, to some
of the higher mysteries of their religion, might
soon cause the name universally to prevail, and to
denote, in general, any similar reservoir of water.
Having thus dissented from such respectable au
thorities, I shall now proceed to hazard two ety
mologies, which have at least the appearance of
standing upon a broader and more simple basis.
Ist denotes a place, station, dwelling (from the
Persian verb istdan, to stand, remain, dwell); khur
or kh'ar signifies the Sun : whence Istakhar will
naturally imply, the place or temple of the sun.
Ist, est, or ast, means also praise (from the verb
sutildan); and, in this sense, the combination of
these words will express praise of the sun : both of
which interpretations seem to be unforced, and
highly characteristic of the capital and chief temple
of an empire, where, from time immemorial, the Sun
had been the great ostensible object of adoration.65
Shem, shamen, and shemesh, we are next told,
are terms relative to the heavens and to the sun;
and here we have Hebrew authority: but every
conclusion the learned gentleman has formed, from
the premises, is another demonstrative proof, how
much in the dark the best judgment must wander,
when building upon etymological definitions, with
out a knowledge of the languages whence the infor
mation should be drawn. Samos, Samothrace, Sa
mora, and such like names, if they are of Eastern
extraction, must flow from very different roots,
whilst the chief point he endeavours to fix, that
Syria, from its name, was particularly devoted to
f 2
xxxvi D ISS E R TATION.
solar worship, falls to the ground; neither of the
names, Shm nor Syria, having any reference to
the sun. Shm, by which that country is most
generally known to the Asiatics, is a root so little
connected with the Hebrew shemesh or the Arabic
shams, that no inflexions of those languages can
ever possibly produce the most remote analogy.
Shm, shmat, or Shmah, (and with the article ash
shm or ashshmah, implies black, a black mole upon
the face; the left hand, &c. and this last signification
is that which is in general received by the Ara
bians and Syrians themselves; a name, they say,
this country obtained, at the same time that Ara
bia Felix was called Yaman, which implies the right
hand, the one lying to the right and the other to
the left of the Kaaba, or temple of Mecca. This
is the derivation adopted, in particular, yet with
some doubt, by the celebrated Sultan Abd,
who reigned in Syria about the middle of the four
teenth century; and wrote, in Arabic, an Univer
sal History, and a System of Geography. Upon
this etymology, Mr. Bryant observes, Abulfeda
supposes, that Syria is called Sham quasi sinistra.
g
* It was called Sham for the same reason that
it was called Syria. Xvgo; yog Auog the same
as Xilolog. Persae Xuan Deum vocant.Syria,
is called at this day Souristan. Souris, from
&
* Sehor, Sol, Xsiglog of Greece. Buthere, instead
of correcting one error, our learned author has
made two ; because were there even such a word
in Persian, as above asserted, denoting the sun,
the Asiatics would hardly write Sri or Sristn,
from the root Sehor; as h is a radical, and cannot
be dispensed with. Abulfeda's etymology ob
viously rejects the Sun: as a man of his learning
and penetration could not possibly have been per
plexed about the origin of his kingdom's name, had
he seen any rational ground of derivation from that
luminary; yet it must be confessed that the idea
which he has followed, unless more exactly de
fined, is by no means convincing; for neither
Yaman nor Shm appear to have any positive
relation in point of right or left to the Kaaba;
which must depend entirely upon the position a
person may take when considering this temple. If
you view it towards the north, these countries are
undoubtedly found in the above positions; but
turning towards the south, they are reversed; and
in the eastern and westerm directions they are
neither right nor left.With regard to Syria, I
shall here hazard an etymology, which, whether
it may be esteemed just or not, flows at least from
the simple untortured meaning of the word. This
country has been ever famed for roses; the Damasc
rose is celebrated even by our English poets. Siiri,
in Persian, denotes a species of this flower, beauti
ful in colour and delicate in smell: Sristn, or the
land of roses, might consequently, with much pro
priety, have been given, by the Persians, to a
country which produced them in such perfection
and abundance. Stn or istn, the adjunct, is, like
our shire, sometimes added, sometimes dropt; Frs
or Frsistn, Siiri or Sristn being indifferently
used, as we say Wills or Wiltshire. Sgo is there
fore pure Persian, with the Greek termination ;
and through this medium comes our Syria, substi
tuting only y for the Greek v upon the same
principles with other similar words adopted from
that tongue (as system from a 'gauz), the English
pronunciation having no sound precisely corres
ponding with the Greek ypsilon. Having had oc
casion to mention stn or istin above, it may not
be improper to point out some mistaken conclusions
which Mr. Bryant has drawn from this termination.
Tin, he observes, signified a kind of high
altar; that it prevailed amongst the ancient
Hetrurians; that it formed the compounds Nu
mantinus, Palatinus, Aventinus; and that it ap
pears to be the same with tin in the East, which
occurs occasionally in Mogulis-tn, Indos-tn,
Pharsis-tn, Chusis-tn. In regard to the Roman
examples, it seems to be straining, to the utmost,
etymological refinement, to make any thing more
of them than mere possessive adjectives; as these
names appear to have no more title to any mean
ing of mystery, than Alexandrine from Alexander,
legatine from legat; but with respect to the Asiatic
illustrations, which he has produced in support of
 D ISS E R TAT I O N.
this ingenious theory, they have positively not the
least foundation; neither tin nor lin, in this sense,
being even known in any Eastern dialect, as will be
more fully explained in the notes."
As I apprehend enough will appear, in the
foregoing observations, to point out the compre
hensive utility of the Arabic and Persian languages
in every discussion of high antiquity ; and as this
preliminary dissertation is merely designed to
touch generally upon such topics as may have a
tendency to throw light upon the subject at large;
the bounds and intention of this sketch will not
permit me to enter into a more minute investiga
tion of Mr. Bryant's very learned and valuable
work. Some slight observations on other particles
will be found in the notes; and with them I shall,
for the present, close my philological remarks. I
wish, however, it may not be understood that I
place any uncommon weight on the definitions
which I have any where offered, by supposing them
to be the positive origin of the proper names to
which they are applied. My chief purpose has been
simply to show, that the significations brought from
the Arabic and Persian languages are expressive ;
and may easily, without violence, justify a possibi
lity of their having been so employed. But I am
too sensible of the uncertainty which must always
accompany every similar conjecture, to consider
them on higher ground than points of mere
curiosity, and incentives to deeper investigation.
How many obscure circumstances, known only to
the founders, have concurred in giving names to
places? How difficult it is to determine whether
they were denominated from chiefs, from events,
or from peculiar qualities of situation ; and how
many have derived names from more ancient
structures, to which they bore a resemblance
merely in some subordinate circumstance, that left
not a ray to trace the great original meaning 2
Innumerable examples might be brought; but I
shall confine myself to one obvious instance. The
Pantheon of Rome was dedicated to all the Gods ;
and its Grecian name was perfectly descriptive of
the design. Its architecture was pleasing; future
xxxvii
artists admired it; and domes arose in distant
countries consecrated to anything but gods. What
a noble field of critical investigation might not the
Pantheons of the Escurial and of London furnish,
therefore, to antiquaries, two thousand years hence;
could we suppose, for a moment, the Pantheon of
Agrippa to be forgotten, and the languages and
history of Greece and Rome to be then as com
pletely involved in darkness, as those of high
antiquity are to the researches of modern times.
Upon the whole, an able general will make ad
mirable dispositions even on bad grounds. Mr.
Bryant's arguments will ever command respect;
but the stations he has chosen must, in my humble
opinion, baffle all his skill to defend. Without
an acquaintance with those Eastern tongues, all
analysis of Eastern names must be completely
fanciful; for whilst numbers of words, which may
be expressed perfectly alike in European charac
ters, have roots and meanings totally different,
others, which, in the eye of a stranger to the dia
lects, may bear no resemblance, will claim the
same radical origin, and possess little variation of
sense. Widely differing, therefore, as those Eastern
inflexions are from the genius of European tongues,
it must be evident, even to those who have never
made them an object of study, that the same prin
ciples which might guide an inquirer through the
etymologies of the one class, must, in general,
palpably mislead his researches in the other. It
will hardly be considered, at the same time, as a
substantial ground of defence, for this ingenious
gentleman, to advance arguments, similar to those
he has already used in respect to the Hebrew:
I do not, say she, deduce them (i. e. etymo
logies) from the Hebrew. And though there
&
may have been, of old, a great similitude be
&
tween that language and those of Egypt, Cutha,
and Canaan; yet they were all different tongues.
There was once but one language among the
sons of men.Let it be admitted, that there
was one great original language, whence the
Hebrew, the Arabic, and all the lost and living
dialects of antiquity were descended; is it not
xxxviii D ISS E R TATION.
rational to conclude, that a considerable part of
those tongues, which still exist, did actually pre
exist in that aboriginal language; and that the
variety of lost idioms, which, in early times,
prevailed in Lower Asia and Egypt, were either
the immediate derivatives from that language, or
dialects of its most diffusive branches 2 Those
tongues in particular which Mr. Bryant mentions,
if they ever did live, have certainly long since ex
pired; where then shall we search for a discovery
of their characteristic traces 2 where but in the
Hebrew, in the Arabic, in the Syriac, in the Per
sic 2 which were unquestionably spoken in the
same or in the surrounding countries; and either
gave them birth, were derived from them, or
claimed one common source. Can any stronger
presumption be furnished of the truth or proba
bility of this position, with regard especially to the
Arabic and the Persian, than the unconstrained
meanings, which have been brought from those
languages, for almost every radical particle, chosen
by this learned gentleman, as the basis of his
system 2 Could this be the effect of chance? Is
it not a striking proof of their antiquity and utility?
And do not such etymons carry far more forcible
conviction to our understanding, than dark and
unsatisfactory derivation from unknown tongues 2
A system of evidence, which proves either too
much or nothing at all; for if one writer is allowed
to roam through the regions of fancy, and fix
arbitrary interpretations to a favourite class of
words, another and another have an equal right;
and every ingenious critic may then, like Archi
medes of old, require only some transmundane
station on which to rear his engines; in order to
shake to pieces the reason of man, as that famous
Syracusan boasted he could have dome our globe,
had another world been found on which to fix his
great mechanic powers. - Many learned northern antiquaries, from tradi
To touch slightly on the extensive subject of
Eastern manners, and to trace, in a few instances,
their probable influence on those of modern Eu
rope, will now be the subject of a short inquiry.
I am sensible that we may refine too much, by
deriving every resemblance of customs, in one
country, from the apparent counterpartin another.
In different quarters of the world, a similarity of
habit has been discovered amongst people, in other
respects wholly dissimilar; and mankind, in parallel
situations, will often think alike, without the least
communication of sentiment. We may not, at the
same time, reason always justly, in looking only
to the era of great events for the influx of novel
customs. We are stunned by the rolling of a tor
rent, whilst the humbler stream glides unnoticed
by; and many circumstances may have been placed
to the account of revolution and conquest, which
possibly originated from simpler causes, and flowed
in by less perceptible channels. How far the fol
lowing theory may be found just, will depend
therefore upon its probable coincidence with the
history and habits of mankind : in such remote
inquiries we can hardly hope for more.
Romantic fiction has long been considered as of
Eastern origin; and, to fix the period of its intro
duction into Europe, has given rise to many sys
tems. The Saracen conquest of Spain, and the
Crusades, have been chiefly built upon ; and the
hypothesis of Oden's flight from the Euarine to Scan
dinavia, has of late been adopted, by an intelligent
and pleasing writer, to account for its early pre
valence amongst our Gothic ancestors. It is cer
tainly evident that not only romance, but many
customs and modes of thinking, apparently Asiatic,
were found amongst those fierce invaders, before
their irruption into the Roman empire; yet, as
there is no probability in the tale of Oden, I shall,
after assigning a few reasons for refusing my assent
to this wonderful expedition, hazard some conjec
tures on the channels through which those charac
teristic Eastern manners may possibly have flowed
into our Western regions.
tions in old Runic poems, and other suspicious
materials, have framed a historical system with
regard to their great hero Oden; which though
evidently intended to heighten the character of
|
that famous Scandinavian lawgiver, proves the
 , DISS E R TAT I O N.
most severe of satires. Oden, they say, was the
chief of a Sarmatian tribe, inhabiting the banks of
the Lake Meotis ; or, according to others, the
country between the Euxine and Caspian Seas,
now called Gurjisln or Georgia ; who, terrified at
the progress of the Roman arms, after the defeat
of Mithridates by Pompey, abandoned his country,
at the head of a great body of his people, and
settled in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and other
Scandinavian districts; where he laid the founda
tions of that power, which, in after ages, over
whelmed the Roman empire. But if the Palus
MeOtis is fixed as the dominions of Oden, even the
din of war could hardly have reached his ear;
whilst the impression made upon the countries
between the seas was too slight to have alarmed
the most effeminate of nations. Pompey was but
a short time at Colchis: Mithridates had fled before
his arrival. The conquest of that country was not
his object: he had more important views. He
left it almost immediately, and marched against
Tigranes into Armenia. The Iberians and Al
banians, the old inhabitants of Georgia, instead of
flying, laid many ambuscades to harass him. On
the defeat of Tigranes, he returned to chastise those
people for daring to insult the Roman arms. They
again opposed him; but afterwards sued for peace;
which he granted, without any severity of condi
tion, Pompey proceeded immediately against the
Syrians and Medes; and we hear of him no more
in those parts. The Romans, unlike the barbarian
invaders of their empire, who marked their route
with desolation, though an ambitious, were by no
means a cruel enemy. A nominal obedience to the
Senate was often all they required, from those dis
tricts in particular which skirted their dominions;
and protection was ever the reward of submission.
Whence then could originate a terror so dreadful,
* to frighten a people not completely pusillani
mous from a country hardly attacked; capable of
great natural defence; intersected in various direc
tions by rugged mountains and extensive forests ;
and hurry them from the mild latitude of 42, to
the degree of 57 north: a region to them un
xxxix
known ; barren, bleak, and of a severity of climate,
which, even now, with all the advantage of culti
vation, must chill to inaction the constitution of a
Southern Asiatic * Would it not have been flying,
at the same time, from the mere echo of war, to
encounter difficulties almost insurmountable 2 To
have pierced to the frozen latitude of Scandinavia,
over mountains, and rivers, and seas; through
woods, and marshes, and hardy savages; implies
a degree of persevering intrepidity, widely differing
from that abject timidness which first induced
them to fly. There is a striking difference, let it
be remembered, between emigration and flight;
between the enthusiasm and animation which must
possess a body of adventurers departing in quest
of plunder and new discoveries, and the trembling
fugitives from imaginary alarms. A fearlessness
of danger will distinguish the first ; a wretched
despondency will mark the others. Yet in this
tale, those opposite characters must have been
found in the same people; and Oden and his tribe,
from despicable cowards, must suddenly have been
transformed to paragons of heroism. But Nature
rejects the idea, and History should reject it too.
We err when we take it from the province of
romance. We ought to consider it in the light of
a mere Scaldic fable, invented to trace the origin
of Gothic and Roman enmity; as the far more
probable fiction of Dido and neas was supposed
to account for the irreconcileable antipathy be.
tween Rome and Carthage. The epoch of the
expedition seems, at the same time, to bring Oden
too far down. He is celebrated as a deity in
Runic odes of very ancient date. The Gods of
every barbarous country are generally carried up
to the highest periods of society. The era of this
personage, whether real or imaginary, must ap
parently be of more remote antiquity. A mere
modern would hardly have been the object of such
early and enthusiastic worship.
The great officina gentium, whence such my.
riads of barbarians have at different periods poured
into the more cultivated regions of the earth,
appears, with every probability, to have been
xl D ISS E R TATION.
Tartary; though our greatest writers, following
Jormandez, the Gothic abridger of Cassiodorus,
have looked only to Scandinavia, and the northern
parts of Germany, for those bodies of fierce war
riors, who, in the early ages of Christianity, over
turned the government, and changed the manners
of Europe. The Tartars, Scythians, or Trnians
(under which general names the historians of
different nations have comprehended the inhabi
tants of that immense tract, stretching from 53 to
180 east long, and from about 39 to 80 north
lat.), have from the oldest times been remarked
for a roving, irregular, martial life. People, whose
riches centered in cattle, who wandered for pasture
from district to district, could in consequence
have no attachment to a spot. That amor patria,
so conspicuous in the Hottentot, in the Laplander,
and in the wild inhabitant of every barren rock,
has never been discovered in men of this descrip
tion. Attached to his tribe, and glorying in an
extensive line of ancestors, the natale solum is to
the Tartar an object of the most perfect indif.
ference; and to abandon it, in the company of his
friends, a circumstance rather of choice than regret.
These great outlines have accordingly marked the
operations of this extraordinary people from the
most ancient times. Without those restraints on
matrimony, which are found in more civilized com
munities, their numbers had naturally a prodigious
increase; and as they despised the idea of cultivat
ing the ground, the same extent of country which
could have maintained thousands of husbandmen,
was found often insufficient for hundreds of roam
ing pastors. Emigrations alone could remedy this
inconvenience. A celebrated warrior had only
to proclaim, therefore, his intention of invading
some neighbouring state or more distant country.
He was immediately joined by the chiefs of many
hordes. Chance, oftener than design, might shape
their course; to the south, to the north, to the east,
to the west: for every quarter of the globe has at
different times been the theatre of Tartar establish
ment or plunder. The ancient annals of the Per
sians are entirely employed in commemorating
their numerous wars with the Trnians beyond
the Jihn. China and Hindstn have often felt
their fury. Whilst Changiz Khn and Tamerlane,
at the head of their bold and hardy subjects, ap
proached nearer to universal monarchy than any
conquerors of ancient or modern times.
That the West must have been the object of
Tartar invasion, as well as the East and South,
there can be little ground to question. These
people possess, as we may observe, the whole in
terior almost of the Asiatic and European Conti
ment. In a constant state of action and re-action,
history informs us, that they have burst repeatedly
upon every adjacent country. Like subterraneous
vapours, when rarefied beyond a certain degree,
they have at times acquired a great expansive
force; and the violence of the explosion in one
part, would be generally in the ratio of the resist
ance in others. In the vigour of the Roman and
Persian powers, they were often repulsed from their
frontiers; but they would not always return. With
out success, without plunder, that would have
been an indelible disgrace. They might then have
struck to the West or to the North, where, finding
countries more thinly peopled ; and the few inha
bitants, not only strangers to the art of war, but
unprotected by fortified towns, the opposition they
might encounter would in general be insufficient
to check their progress. Yet meeting with no rich
spoils in those countries, which could give a
splendour to their expedition amongst their coun
trymen, they would often be induced rather to
settle in their conquests than to go back : and as
there would be sufficient territory for the invaders
and the invaded, enmity would soon give way to
intermarriages and social intercourse. The old
inhabitants would adopt by degrees some of the
manners and beliefs of the Eastern strangers: and
these, in return, falling in with habits and ideas
peculiar to the aboriginal people, a few generations
would maturally incorporate them, and form in
time those various nations, known by the names of
Goths, Vandals, Lombards, Pranks; whose roaming,
rapacious, Tartar genius, became afterwards con

D ISS E R TATION.
spicuous in the destruction of the Roman empire.
No solid objection, it may be here observed,
against those ancient Tartar invasions, can be built
upon the silence of history; as this silence is the
natural consequence of the unlettered manners
both of the conquerors and the vanquished; and
whilst the shocks were too remote to be felt in the
more civilized states of Europe, we cannot hope
to find them in their annals. Tartary, China, or
Tonqueen, may possibly, even in the present
times, be the theatre of mighty revolutions un
known in Europe; and it is a most undoubted fact,
that Changiz Khn, who subdued almost every
country in the world to the eastward of the Eu
phrates, was dead many years before the acciden
tal curiosity of Marco Paolo, who visited the court
of his grandson Coblai Khn, in the year 1260,
made Europe acquainted either with him or his
dominions.
From the researches and opinions of many
northern antiquaries, the Scandinavian Goths are
discovered to have been early composed of two
distinct bodies of people: the first aborigenes; the
other strangers: who are said to have possessed a
degree of refinement, civilization, and science, far
superior to the older inhabitants. Frequent allu
Sions are made to their Asiatic origin; their dress,
their manners, their language, being in general
distinguished by some epithet descriptive of su
perior elegance. It may possibly be objected, that
refinement and a Tartar are ideas extremely re
Pugnant, yet everything of this kind is merely com
parative; and the more savage inhabitant of the
North, who never till then knew a luxury of dress
higher than the skin of an animal which he had
killed, may easily be supposed to have admired
Whatever was, even in a small degree, superior to
his own. But, in fact, the dress and equipage of
the Tartar chiefs have ever been, in general, un
commonly splendid; and few circumstances seem
to have been less attended to, by some of our
greatest writers, than a proper distinction between
the ruder and the more polished people who fill
the immense extent of Tartary. Men totally dis
xli
similar are grouped together under one indiscrimi
nate character, merely because they are known in
Europe by one general name; whilst, among their
numerous nations, a difference of character may
prevail, not inferior perhaps to that which marks
an Englishman from a Frenchman, a Hollander from
a Portuguese.
Nothing in nature can be more opposite than
the civilized Arabian of Mecca to the ferocious
plunderer of the Desert ; and the citizen of Samar
kand has few features in common with the Tartar
wanderer in the Northern wilds: yet even the great
Montesquieu compares those people without dis
tinction; and draws conclusions, which are by no
means supported, from their manners, their govern
ment, or the geography of their countries. In some
parts of Tartary there are large and flourishing cities,
fertile plains, and noble rivers: in others, deserts,
mountains, marshes, and forests ; yet, amongst
other positions, he says, They have no towns;
they have no forests, and but few marshes:
their rivers are almost always frozen, and they
dwell in an immense plain. These are positive
assertions; and they are all equally groundless as
positive: but Montesquieu is here endeavouring
to support a system ; and system is dangerous even
to the soundest reasoner. Can a region, contain
ing above twenty millions of square miles, watered
by such rivers as the Jihn, the Sihn, the Selenge,
and the Aumur; boasting such cities as Samarkand,
Bukhr, Kshgar, and Kara-corum ; clustered
with forests; broken into mountains ; inhabited
by many different nations; distinguished by every
variety of soil, superficies, and climate, be called,
with propriety, one immense plain ; or correspond,
in the most remote degree, with Montesquieu's
description ? The conclusions drawn, too, are as
vague as the premises are unsubstantial. The wild
Arabs are a race of roaming thieves ; the wild
Tartars, in this professional line, bear a pointed
resemblance of character. Between these, to sup
port an hypothesis, he wishes to find a political
contrast. The Arabs are free ; and he derives
their freedom from their rocks : the Tartars he
o
s
xlii D ISS E R TAT I O N.
chooses to make slaves, and he gives them an im
mense plain. Yet if there is a being on earth, who
enjoys every species of irregular liberty, it is the
wandering Tartar. He is obedient to his chief in
every circumstance of war : but there submission
ends.
Every observation, indeed, on the habits of those
roving, daring people, strikingly displays their love
of liberty, and their similitude of character with the
old Gothic nations. Their aversion to the culture
of the ground; their pastoral life; their idleness;
their eagerness for plunder, and martial excur
sion ; with many customs and beliefs, clearly
Eastern : form all together a chain of internal
proofs, stronger perhaps than direct historical as
sertion. By many northern writers, they are ac
tually distinguished from the more ancient inhabi
tants of Scandinavia by the epithet of Orientals ;
and nothing can surely approach nearer in resem
blance than the original northern invaders of the
Roman states, and those inundations, immediately
jrom Tartary, who, under the names of Alans and
Huns, led by the famous Attila and other bold
chiefs, overwhelmed the empire, towards the close
of the fourth century, and gave a final blow to the
chains of Roman servitude.
Should the foregoing observations, with others
which will naturally arise in the further discussion
of the subject, furnish arguments of sufficient force
to support the above hypothesis, we shall easily
account for one great channel, through which
many circumstances, originally Eastern, penetrated
to the Hyperborean regions: where, with such
shades of variation, as might naturally be expected
from a difference of climate and temperament,
they sowed the seeds of that style of manners, which
finds nothing similar to it in the characteristics of . the empire of some more fortunate and enterprising
Greece and Rome.77
The feudal system, which was introduced and
diffused over Europe by the conquerors of the
Roman power, produced, in a civil light, an al
teration in laws, government, and habits, no less
important than the dismemberment of the empire
by their arms. Our greatest lawyers, historians,
and antiquaries, whose object has been less to
trace its origin than to mark its influence, have
uniformly attributed this great foundation of the
jurisprudence of modern Europe to the military
policy of the Northern nations ; and seem in
general rather to have considered it as a conse
quence of their situation, after their conquests,
than as existing previous to their irruptions. It
appears not only to have formed, however, their
great system of polity before the grand invasion,
but to have flourished in the East with much
vigour in very early times.
In Persia, Tartary, India, and other Eastern
countries, the whole detail of government, from the
most ancient accounts down to the present hour,
can hardly be defined by any other description.
We observe, in general, one great king, to whom
a number of subordinate princes pay homage and
tribute; all deviation from this system seeming
merely temporary and accidental. Possessed of
every essential power of royalty, the degree of de
pendence of those secondary kings, we find, has
ever been proportioned to the vigour or imbecility
of the paramount sovereign : for where no solid
code of constitutional laws prevails, the brilliant
or disgraceful periods in the history of a people
will generally depend upon the genius of one man.
A great monarch will give to the component parts
the appearance of one despotic whole; whilst the
approaches to disobedience will ever be propor
tioned to the weakness of administration. Con
stantly recurring, however, to first principles,
every variation of Oriental rule presents only, to
our alternate view, an overgrown empire, feebly
governed, crumbling into independent kingdoms;
and independent kingdoms again uniting, to form
sovereign. -
A general view of the histories of Eastern
nations would, perhaps, sufficiently support the
above positions; but I shall venture to offer a few
particular authorities. The more ancient facts, it
may be observed, like every remote event, will not
admit of positive proof; but in tracing manners
 D ISS E R TATION.
or modes of government, absolute historical or
chronological precision is by no means requisite.
The actions of one prince may be imputed to
another; anachronisms and misnomers may abound;
and the achievements of twenty warriors may swell
the renown of one hero ; but no writer will at
tribute to his nation customs and ideas of govern
ment, to which they or their ancestors were
strangers; and against which the opinions of
his fellow-subjects must instantly and loudly
revolt. When uncommon and great innovations
happen in the customs of a country, writers are
careful to trace their origin, to fix their introduc
tion, and to observe their influence." But when
circumstances, however interesting, are simply
mentioned, without particular observation or com
mentary, we may rationally conclude, that such
customs are of high antiquity: and no more de
serving of special animadversion than the general
complexion, configuration, or temperament of
their countrymen. The rise and progress of the
feudal system is marked : it was an exotic plant;
and it has, of consequence, engaged the attention
of our ablest antiquaries. But in the East it is
indigenous, universal, and immemorial : and the
Eastern historians have never dreamt of investi
gating its source, any more than the origin of regal
government. Both have long been to them equally
familiar; and the first extensive monarchy gave
probably a beginning to the first dependence of
feudal chiefs. It may be thought, too, that ex
amples of this, or any other custom, brought from
events, subsequent to their introduction into Eu
rope, can be no corroborative proof of their sub
sisting in the East, previous to their appearance
in the West. But the least attention to Oriental
manners will clearly show, that the characteristic
hibits of those people, even at this hour, are, in
Very respect, similar to the most remote accounts:
"or have we ground to believe, that (the Muham
madan religion and fire-arms excepted) there is
ne single custom, peculiar to the Persians, the
Arabians, or the Tartars, of the present day,
which did not prevail amongst their ancestors at
w
xliii
a period too remote for human research. With a
wonderful predilection for their own ancient man
ners, they have a peculiar and invincible antipathy
to those of Europe. They are so opposite to their
genius, to their hereditary prejudices, and to every
idea political and religious, that no instance can be
produced, perhaps, of one single custom originally
European having ever been adopted by any Asiatic
nation : the Turks even, whose vicinity exposes
them most to Western innovation, preserving still
unchanged that remarkable distinction of character
which they possessed before they crossed the Bos
phorus of Thrace. On this ground, therefore, I
give no anecdotes as unquestioned truths: they
are mentioned by Asiatic historians; and I offer
them simply as beliefs in original customs. We
may not subscribe to the apparition of Caesar's
ghost before the battle of Philippi; but we may
rest assured, that it had not been recorded by
Plutarch, unless consonant to the opinion of the
people.
About 800 years before the Christian era, an
usurper called Zahhk, we are informed, reigned
in Persia. His government was oppressive, and
became at length insupportable. The citizens of
Ispahn flew to arms, and, headed by a black
Smith named Ko, attacked, defeated, and killed
the tyrant. Ko, after this victory, discovering
the retreat of Faridn, the heir to the crown,
placed him on the throne; and received, in re
turn, Ispahn, with its dependencies, as a feudal
principality. What truth may be in this remote
event it is impossible to determine ; but it is a
generally recorded fact, that the blacksmith's
apron, said to have been displayed by Ko, when
marching against Zahhk, as a banner, from the
point of a spear, was taken by the Arabians at the
battle of Kdissia, when they conquered Persia in
the year 636. It had been laid up in the treasury
of the Persian kings, and was enriched with jewels
to a prodigious value. It was considered as the
great standard and palladium of the empire; and
was never carried to the field but on important
emergencies, or when the king marched in person.
g 2
xliv D ISS E R TATION.

Rustam is a hero whose prowess is highly cele his great general Thhir; where he soon after
brated. He is equally the favourite of history and became independent, and founded the dynasty of
romance ; he was a successful general under the Thhirians. Similar grants were made or extorted
first kings of the Kaynian dynasty; and received, from succeeding Caliphs ; so that, partly by gift,
in reward for his services, the provinces of Sijistn partly by usurpation, the Caliphat, from the mid
and Zbulistn, as feudal appanages on the crown dle of the ninth century, till its dissolution in the
of Persia, on the condition of marching a body of year 1258, was in fact one immense feudatory
forces, as the exigencies of the state might require; empire; where every Sultan acknowledged the
but particularly to repulse the inroads of the superiority of the Caliph ; but, like the great
Tartars. Babylonia, Syria, Assyria, and Media, feudal chiefs in Europe, paid him just that degree
as formerly observed, seem to have been merely of obedience which each judged consistent with
feudatory kingdoms of the old Persian empire. his own interest. A similar system prevails to the
Alexander the Great divided the Eastern pro present hour in Hindstn, through a regular
vinces of Persia amongst the princes to whose gradation of Sbahs, Nabobs, Fawjdrs, Killadrs,
families they had originally belonged. On this and other subordinate chiefs, who all consider the
occasion they received a banner from the hands of Great Mogul as lord paramount of the empire.
the conqueror, paid homage, and engaged to In the Ottoman government there are many re
maintain a certain number of troops, upon a foot markable traces of the feudal system, especially in
ing (says the author of the Trkh-i Muntakhab) the Khn of the Crim Tartars, in the Wayvodes
somewhat resembling the military vassals of the of Moldavia, Wallakhia, and other European dis
Ottoman empire, called Sanjacs and Timrs. These tricts; in Algiers and other Barbary states; in the
princes are called by the Muhammadan writers Sharf of Mecca; in several Shaykhs or princes of
Mulku'lTawy(kings of the nations); and are by Syria ; as well as in the military fiefs, which,
some considered as a particular dynasty, between under the titles of Sanjacs, Zayms, and Timariots,
the Kaynians and the Ashknians, commonly are bestowed with the express condition of sup
called Arsacides by Europeans. They strictly porting bodies of men, but especially of horse,
performed, it is added, their feudal engagements ready to take the field at the order of the Sultan.
to Alexander; but on his death, as the Grecian In Tartary we see it strong. Temujin, after
commanders seized upon the Western kingdoms, wards distinguished by the more celebrated name
they also assumed an independency in their re of Changiz Khn, was the son of a chief who had
spective provinces. This account seems highly several feudatories; yet he himself held of Tho
probable; as the successors of Alexander, accord grul, the Khn of Kara-cum, better known by the
ing both to the Eastern and Western writers, soon name of Prester John. Thogrul, though a prince
lost all sovereignty to the eastward of the Tigris. of great power, was still subject to the emperor
The Tubba, or king of Arabia Felix, was the of Katha, the paramount of Tartary; who, ac
acknowledged paramount sovereign in very old cordingly, in the true feudal style, summoned him
times of a number of tribes. Most of the provinces with his arrire vassals to assist in quelling a
of Arabia on the Persian gulph, with those stretch dangerous rebellion. Thogrul, attended by young
ing towards Babylonia, held of the Persian kings Temujin, obeyed; a decisive victory was gained
of the Sassnian dynasty; who often appointed, over the insurgents; in which both behaved with so
feudatory princes on the death or misconduct of much gallantry, that the emperor created Thogrul
their predecessors. The Caliph Almamiin gave Vang Khn, which is a high royal title; and gave
Khursn, which he himself held as a feudal Temujin a considerable command in his army.
sovereignty under his father Harn Arrashid, to When Temujin, by his success and abilities, had
 D ISS E R TATION.
risen to a great degree of power, about the year
1205, a grand council of the Tartar nations as
sembled. Nine of the chief Khns appeared at
the rendezvous, each attended by his vassals;
they displayed nine large banners of command;
they placed Changiz upon an eminence, with a
piece of black felt-cloth under his feet. The
speaker of the assembly addressed him: he recog
nized him as emperor in the name of the whole;
and told him, if merciful and just, that God would
prosper his government; if not, his person and
memory would become black and despicable as the
felt on which he stood. A prophet called Cokza,
and surnamed the Image of God, declared that he
had received a revelation from heaven, ordering
Temujin to take, from that time, the name of
Changiz, which signifies the most great. The
Khns then advanced and paid him homage, bend
ing the knee nine times; the nobles followed; and
then the body of the people, making the same
number of genuflections, proclaimed him emperor
with loud acclamations. We find some variation
of ceremony in the inauguration of Tamerlane in
the year 1862: he mounted a magnificent throne;
he wore a brilliant crown; he girded himself
publicly with his sword; his feudatory princes
acknowledged his sovereignty by a profusion of
precious stones which they showered over his
head; whilst a holy man put into his hands a
drum, and a standard, as the insignia of imperial
authority.
Every thing in the histories of those princes is
indeed completely feudal. Before their great ex
peditions, we find them issuing orders for the
attendance of their great vassals, with their con
tingents of troops; and we also observe a constitu
tional parliament, or meeting of estates, who,
amongst other privileges, claimed that of trying
great offenders. Artok Buga, one of the grand
sons of Changiz Khn, having revolted against his
brother, the emperor Coblai Khn, was at length
defeated; but Coblai did not punish him, till he
had called an assembly of the states; where he
Was tried and condemned to be shut up between
xlv.
four walls, made of the tragacanth-tree, where he
lived twelve months. A feudatory prince of
Hart, called Pir Ali, being suspected of a design
to revolt soon after Tamerlane's inauguration, was
cited to appear before the general assembly: he
evaded the summons till he had fortified his
capital; upon which a decree was passed similar
to the ban of the empire in Germany; and Tamer
lane being desired to reduce him to obedience, he
was accordingly put to death in consequence of
this sentence. It is needless to multiply examples:
but it may not be improper to observe, that those
general meetings, called Krillay, bear so near a
resemblance to the diets of the Gothic nations, that
a strong additional argument may thence be drawn
to support the hypothesis of the early Tartar
establishments in Germany and Scandinavia.
Changiz and Tamerlane, powerful and despotic as
they were, held many of those diets. The Great
Khns, though generally chosen from the sons of
the late sovereign, were elected by them ; and
primogeniture was of little consequence. Changiz
Khn, for example, nominated his second surviv
ing son, Octay, as his successor; but though un
common deference was paid to the will of a man
whom the Tartars almost adored, the new em
peror was not acknowledged as such, till the meet
ing of the great assembly two years afterwards ;
where, upon his expressing some reluctance to
accept of the imperial dignity, his elder and
younger brothers, Jagathay and Tli, taking him
by the hands, installed him on the throne, and
saluted him Khn. Olug Nuvin, the youngest of
of Changiz Khn's sons, as master of the house
hold, presented him with a cup of wine; and all
the people, making nine genuflections to their
sovereign, and three to the sun, hailed him em
peror.
It may not be unworthy of remark, that the
situation of Olug Nuvin is a curious instance of a
singular custom long prevalent in Tartary, as well
as among the Northern nations; and even to be
found in our old Saxon tenures, under the des.
cription of Borough English; where the youngest
xlvi D ISS ERTATIO N.
f
son succeeds to his father in preference to his
elder brothers. Sir William Blackstone, after
mentioning the opinions of Littleton and other
eminent lawyers, in regard to the origin of this
strange custom, conjectures, with great judgment,
that it might be deduced from the Tartars.
Amongst those people, the elder sons, as they
grew to man's estate, migrated from their father
with a certain portion of cattle; and the youngest
son only remaining at home, became in conse
quence the heir to his father's house, and all his
remaining possessions. Changiz Khn had, agree
ably to this idea, given to his four eldest sons
great governments and great offices; but Olug
always attended his person. During the interval
of forty days, therefore, from the meeting of the
great Tartar assembly, till the installation of Octay
Khn, this youngest brother seems to have been
acknowledged by him and the other princes as
lord of the family: he was a kind of public ad
ministrator during this interregnum; and presented
the Great Khn with the cup, on his enthrone
ment, as the highest token of Eastern hospitality
which the master of a family can show to a guest.
In the above outlines, we can observe several
strong traces of Gothic government. We can
perceive the ruder draughts of states-general, of
parliaments, of juries; and, in the circumstances
of the electors and elected, some striking features
of that system which still unites the great Ger
manic body. We can see, in the bent of national
genius, the strongest marks of wild freedom, with
a regular gradation of military vassals; and al
though, in their own country, from a general at
tachment to pastoral life, fiefs, or possessions in
land, formed no part of Tartar jurisprudence or
property; yet when they settled in the West, a
difference of situation would naturally suggest
an alteration adapted to it. The more steady
temper of the native Scandinavians and Germans
would modify the roaming Scythian spirit ; a
superior attachment to a particular spot would
naturally arise; as the country became more po
pulous, ground would become more valuable; and
what was formerly in common, to avoid disputes,
would then be portioned off. A wish to defend
this property from new inroads might soon pro
duce a more permanent and solid system of subor
dination ; and the more irregular feudal ideas of
the Tartars, improved by territorial possession,
pave thus, by degrees, the way for that more re
fined system, so peculiarly adapted to the situa
tion of settling invaders; which, in the fifth and
following centuries, almost universally took place
in Europe.
Next to the feudal system, and other maxims
of civil government, which regulated the property
and politics of the middle ages, few speculative
subjects are more worthy of our attention than
those novel ideas of supernatural beings, which
ruled their minds with most resistless force. The
universal belief in various orders of superhuman
creatures, has prevailed in many parts of Asia long
before the era of authentic history; and such com
plete possession have they taken of Eastern ima
gination, that the most serious, as well as the most
fanciful compositions, are filled with perpetual
allusions to those imaginary beings. To under
stand Homer, we must have a previous knowledge
of the dignities and attributes of the Grecian
deities: to comprehend the writers of the East, we
should have an acquaintance with the mythology
and popular beliefs of Eastern nations. For this
purpose, I have thrown into the Dictionary slight
sketches of what seemed most peculiarly Asiatic;
and shall here bring those remarks under one point
of view ; with such additional observations as
could not, with propriety, find any alphabetical
place, or which may appear necessary to illustrate
and connect the whole.
The fabulous Asiatic ages stretch far beyond the
creation of man. They suppose the world to have
been repeatedly peopled by creatures of different
formation, who were successively annihilated or
banished for disobedience to the Supreme Being.
An Eastern romance introduces the hero Kahramn
in conversation with the monstrous bird or griffon
Simurgh ; who tells him that she had already lived
 D ISS E R TAT I ON,
to see the earth seven times filled with creatures, and
seven times a perfect void; that the age of Adam
would be seven thousand years; when the race of
man would be extinguished, and their place sup
plied by beings of another form and more perfect
mature, with whom the earth would end; that she
had then seen twelve great periods of seven
thousand years, but was denied the knowledge of
the duration of her own existence. Those beings,
who inhabited the globe immediately before the
creation of man, they call Paris and Dives; and
they form a perfect contrast. The Paris are de
scribed as beautiful and benevolent; and though
guilty of errors which had offended Omnipotence,
they are supposed, in consequence of their peni
tence, still to enjoy distinguished marks of divine
favour. The Dives, on the contrary, are pictured
as hideous in form, and malignant in mind; dif.
fering only from the infernal demons in not being
confined to hell ; but roaming for ever around the
world to scatter discord and wretchedness among
the sons of Adam. In the Paris we find a wonder
ful resemblance to the Faeries of the European
nations; and the Dives or Genies differ little from
the Giants and Savages of the middle ages: the
adventures of the Eastern heroes breathe all the
wildness of achievement recorded of the knights
in Gothic romance; and the doctrine of enchant
ments, in both, seems to claim one common
source. The various creatures who preceded
Adam, were supposed to have been governed by a
succession of seventy-two Sulaymns ; the last of
whom is surnamed Jn bin Jn. This monarch
had offended Omnipotence; and the angel Hris
was sent from heaven to chastise him. A war
ensued, which terminated in the defeat of the
pre-adamite king; and Hris governed in his room.
But this angel becoming also intoxicated with
Power, Adam was created ; and all the earth
ordered to obey him. Hris, composed of the
element of fire, scorned submission to a clay-form
d creature: he rebelled against the divine will,
and wasjoined in his revolt by the Dives; but the
*is acquiescing in the mandates of Heaven,
xlvii
became from that time the friends of mankind.
Hris, with his chief followers, were cursed by
God, and doomed to a long period of torment in
the infernal regions; but the other Dives were al
lowed to range over the earth, as a security for the
future obedience of man. The residence of those
ideal beings was imagined to be on the mountain
of Kf; which in the East was long supposed to
surround the earth, as a ring does the finger; the
globe being fancied to rest on one great emerald
or sapphire; the reflection from which gave the
azure appearance to the sky; whilst its movements
were productive of volcanoes, earthquakes, and
all the convulsive phenomena of nature. The
whole of this visionary country is called Jinmistn;
and the respective empires are divided into many
kingdoms and cities. Those of the Paris bear the
names of Shdukm (pleasure and desire), Jawhar
abd (the city of jewels), Amberbd (the city of
ambergris): and the metropolis of the Dives is
called Ahermnbd (the city of the principle of
evil); where the enchanted castle, palace, and
gallery of the Dive king Arzshank is the subject
of much fable. The Paris and Dives are supposed
to be formed of the element of fire: they live long,
but are subject to death ; and though possessed of
superhuman powers, have in many respects the
sentiments and passions of mankind. They wage
incessant war; and when the Dives make prisoners
of the Paris, they shut them up in iron cages, and
hang them on the highest trees, to expose them to
public view, and to every chilling blast. Here
they are visited by their companions, who bring
them the choicest odours. Perfume is the only
food of the Paris; and whilst it serves as nourish
ment to the captives, it has also the virtue of
keeping at a distance the insulting Dives, whose
malignancy of nature can endure nothing fra
grant.
When the Paris are in danger of being over
powered by their foes, they always solicit the
assistance of some mortal hero; which furnishes a
wonderful fund of fanciful machinery for Eastern
poetry and romance. To put the knight on a
xlviii D ISS E R TATION.
footing of prowess with those gigantic Dives, he
is in general armed with enchanted talismans, and
mounted on some tremendous monster. One of
the most famous adventurers in Faery-land is
Tahmras, an ancient Persian king. The Paris
honour him with a splendid embassy; and the
Dives, who dread him, send also another. He
consults the griffon Simurgh; she speaks all lan
guages, and knows future events; she councils
him to aid the Paris, informs him of the dangers
he will encounter, and gives him instructions how
to proceed; she offers her assistance to conduct
him to Jinnistn; and, as a token of friendship,
pulls some feathers from her breast, with which he
ornaments his helmet. He then mounts the
Simurgh; and, armed with the buckler of Jn bin
Jn, crosses the dark abyss, which mortals cannot
pass without supernatural assistance. He arrives
at Kf; he defeats Arzshank, and also another
Dive, still more fierce, called Damrush, whose
residence is described as a gloomy cavern, where
he is surrounded by vast piles of wealth, amassed
by plunder. Here Tahmras, amongst other rich
spoils, finds a fair captive, the Pari Marjn, whom
the Dive had carried off, and her brothers had
long searched for in vain. He chains the vanquish
ed demons in the centre of the mountain, sets Mar
jn at liberty, and then, in the true spirit of knight
errantry, flies, at the Pari's request, to the attack
of another powerful Dive, called Hdkunz; but
here Tahmras falls. In the Shh-nmah the cele
brated Rustam, many ages afterwards, engages the
Dive Arzshank, who had escaped from the chains
of Tahmras, and kills him, after a fierce battle.
Arzshank is there painted with a body somewhat
human, and the head of a bull, which Rustam
strikes off at a blow. The Dive Munheras is
wounded with an arrow in the mouth by Gershb,
the last king of the Pshddian dynasty; and he is
afterwards put to death by Suhrb the son of
Rustam. In the first encounter he has the head
of a hog; but in the next he is pictured as a
bifrons; one resembling the head of a lion, the
other that of a wild boar. Rustam, who is con
sidered as the Hercules of Persia, among many
other Dives, dragons, and enchanters, whom he
destroys, kills a demon called the Dive Sapid; and
Father Angelo mentions having seen a stupendous
monument in the midst of a plain, near the city of
Fehelion, between Shustar and Shirz, cut into a
quadrangular fortification, with such regularity,
that it has the appearance of being formed of one
entire stone.
This Dissertation would swell, however, to a
disproportioned bulk, were I to enter into a detail
of the various wonderful adventures with which
the Eastern poems and romances abound. I give
these few outlines, merely to show the general
prevalence of romantic ideas in Asia: but especially
in Persia, the great classic ground of Eastern fic
tion, and the centre whence it seems to have spread
to almost every surrounding and distant country.
So singular indeed is the resemblance, in number
less instances, between the wild imagery of this
style of fabling, with that which prevailed in
after-times in Europe, that we must either suppose,
in the writers, a wonderful coincidence of luxuriant
imagination, or conclude that the West must have
borrowed from the East. I shall not insist upon
Turpin's Twelve Peers, upon the Armorican,
Spanish, and other European romances, where the
similarity of features is irregularly striking; but
even in the nobler works of Ariosto, Tasso, and
Spenser, we can discover the counterpart of all
their fanciful machinery in the fictions of Persia.
The Ipogriffo, on which Astolo flies to heaven;
and the magic ring of Bradamant in Orlando
Furioso ; the many-headed monster of Duessa, and
the shield of Prince Arthur, in the Faery Queen ;
with the various enchantments of Armida and
Ismeno in Gierusalemme Liberata ; may all be
traced to Oriental origin; whilst the Pari Marjn
has much the air of being the Faery Morgain, who
conveyed away our King Arthur, after the battle of
Camelon; and with whom, according to the old
British romances, he now resides in Faery land
with great happiness and splendour.
Some ingenious writers have considered this
 - D IS S E R TATION,
species of fiction as originating among the Ara
bians; but there are many reasons for believing
that it was absolutely unknown to them before the
era of the Hijra, and that they did not adopt that
mode of writing till long after the Persian conquest.
Muhammad, as before observed, was uncommonly
alarmed at the first romantic glimmerings, which
were brought from Persia by the merchant Nasar,
He was afraid lest the minds of his countrymen
should be more strongly impressed with those
wildly pleasing tales, than with the doctrines of the
Kurn; and he accordingly reprobates those
foreign figments, as abhorred by God and the
prophet. The warriors, who figure in Faery-land,
are all ancient Persian kings and heroes. The
Arabians have not even a word in their language
expressive of the greatest beauty of Eastern
romance, the Pari; and although Jin is now used
synonimously with Dive, yet its proper and original
meaning was merely an infernal fiend, a being very
distinct from the romantic inhabitant of Kf. The
same observation will hold with regard to the most
uncommon monsters, who seem all to be natives
of Persian fancy; the words used by the Arabians,
to express the Persian Simurgh, Ouranabd, or
Ralshah, as well their dragons and other machinery
of romance, having in general simple radical signi
fications, expressive of creatures which really exist,
and seem only to have been figuratively applied to
those imaginary monsters in later times. A large
serpent, for example, is transformed into a dragon;
an eagle, or a long-necked animal, represents the
imurgh; a dangerous or inhuman villain is turned
into a giant, a demon, or any terrifying appear
ance; and a word, expressive of a dreadful
Calamity, or sudden horror, which deprives people
of their senses, is metaphorically converted into a
Species of monster, supposed to haunt woods,
church-yards, and other lonely places; and not
nly to tear the living to pieces, but to dig up and
devour the bodies of the dead. As the language
tin of every people will always be observed to
abound in radical words, expressive of every kind
f imagery which has been long familiar to them,
xlix
we must conclude, upon the best grounds, where
such words are not to be found, and metaphorical,
or exotic expressions, appear to be the only sub
stitutes, that the ideas described by those words
are not indigenous, but adopted from foreign
nations; and as the Arabians have no terms, in
their tongue, radically expressive of any thing
superhuman, excepting angels and devils, romance,
whose characteristic genius rolls entirely on a
peculiar and distinct species of machinery, could
not apparently have originated in Arabia.
Exclusive of the universal belief in the fanciful
Pari system, which may be called the mythology of
romance, the ancient Persians appear in general to
have acknowledged one Supreme Being, and to
have paid a high degree of veneration to angels, as
subordinate deities. This, with a respect for the
stars, was the great doctrine of the Sabean religion,
which prevailed of old in Persia, Arabia, and other
Eastern countries. As these angels are not only
frequently alluded to in Eastern authors, but
throw considerable light on the detail of private
life, a few observations upon them may not be
unuseful.9%
When Ormuzd, or Omnipotence, created man
kind, the Persians suppose that he gave, at the
same time, the superintendency of the world, and
of every thing animate or inanimate, to certain
guardian angels. Though man was the peculiar
charge of the Supreme Being, yet all his actions,
and every accident to which he was liable, were
still imagined to be, in a great measure, dependent
on the influence of the presiding angel. Every
circumstance of public or family-concern had, in
consequence, their favourite times; established
ceremonies were observed with anxious attention;
and various public festivals were appointed, to
conciliate the benevolence of those ministers of
heaven.
To procure the favour, or command the service
of beings, who were supposed to be the cause of
the felicity or misery of man, was a natural wish;
and some there were who pretended to possess this
power. Hence the origin of charms, of talismans,
h
l D ISS E R TATION.
and of all the armour offensive and defensive, of en
chantment. In the rudest times, there will ever be
found men, who are better versed in the arcana of
nature than the uninformed multitude. A love of
ease, and an aversion to pain, are the great laws of
nature, and the mind is perpetually fluctuating be
tween a wish for the one, and a dread of the other.
To pretend boldly therefore to a power of bestowing
happiness, or removing misery, hardly ever failed,
in the days of ignorance, to gain a man believers;
and he seldom found difficulty in interesting the
passions of the people, provided he could by any
means impose upon their senses. An attention to
the principles of mechanism, to the operations of
chymistry, to the virtues of plants, and the various
laws of nature, might produce discoveries incom
prehensible by simple men; and a few remarkable
instances of the efficacy of mere natural causes,
would easily gain the possessors of those secrets
the reputation of inflicting torment or command
ing pleasure at a wish. To enjoy the reputation
and advantages of those fancied supernatural
powers, was not enough. Some pretended to have
the art of communicating them to others: necro
mancy became of course a regular study; and the
people at large, who could not aim at such occult
sciences, were happy to supply their want of
knowledge by the purchase of talismans, amulets,
or charms, in whose virtues they placed a perfect
and most wonderful confidence.94
Talismans and amulets have long engaged the
attention of Eastern nations, and accurate rules
have been laid down for their construction. The
gem, the chrystal, the metal, or other substance,
is ordered to be dug, or searched for, when some
particular angel rules the day. It must be pre
pared or engraved under the influence of another;
and the zamzamah, or prayer of a third must be pro
nounced over it, to give it that mysterious virtue
for which it is esteemed. Different ceremonies
are necessary in gathering the herbs and flowers;
in cropping the hairs of camels, sea-cows, or other
animals of which the amulets are formed; and the
suspending them round the necks of men, women,
children, or animals, is performed with much pre
cision and solemnity. Yet real knowledge might
originally have given rise to what the views of the
artful, and the superstition of the ignorant, after.
wards perverted to the purposes of folly. An in
telligent observer might discover, that certain
plants had their juices in high perfection at parti
cular seasons; that some should be gathered at
sun-rise, when moist with dew; others at the
meridian, when under the influence of mid-day
heat. He might imagine that the external appli
cation of medical herbs, of mineral substances, of
tufts of hair or wool, whilst impregnated with the
effluvia or perspiration of the animal, might have a
salutary effect in various ailments; and experience
would confirm the justness of his conjecture. But
the million, ever unable or unwilling to investigate
natural causes (especially when impressed with a
conviction that every distemper and every mis
fortune proceeded from the operations of male
volent spirits, or the fascination of malignant eyes),
would impute the cures which such applications
performed, not to the essential qualities of their
compounds, but to supernatural agency and un
essential ceremony. They applied them, in con
sequence, without distinction, not only to the old
and to the young, to the sick and to the healthy,
to the brute creation as well as rational beings; but
placed even things inanimate under their protec
tion. An ass's head, cabalistically prepared, and
erected on a pole in a garden or field, was sup
posed to be an effectual defence against fascination,
and a consequent scarcity of produce; whilst a
talisman, buried along with hidden treasure, was
imagined to put it in perfect safety, by rendering
it invisible to every eye but those of the owner.
Nothing is indeed more common in the East than
the burying of treasure; and it took its rise from
that unsteady system of government which has in
general prevailed in those countries. Ever ap
prehensive of revolution and ruin, a rich man
generally divides his estate into three parts: one
he employs in trade, or the necessary purposes of
life; another he invests in jewels, which he may
 D ISS E R TATION.
easily carry off, if forced to fly; and the third he
buries. As he entrusts nobody with the secret of
this deposit, which he guards with his talisman, if
he dies before he returns to the spot, it is then lost
to the world; till accident throws it in the way,
perhaps, of some fortunate peasant, when turning
up his ground. Those discoveries of hidden
treasure, and sudden transitions from poverty to
riches, of which we read in Oriental tales, are by
no means therefore quite ideal; but a natural con
sequence of the manners of the people.
To understand the machinery of angels, it will
be proper to make some previous observations on
the ancient Persian era, with which they are
intimately connected. This was supposed to have
been established by king Jamshd, one of the
Pshddian princes, the date of whose reign seems
too uncertain even for conjecture; though some
judicious writers place him about 800 years before
Christ. On the day when the sun entered Aries,
he is said to have made his first public entry into
Istakhar, or Persepolis, which he had just finished;
and to have ordered the era to commence from
that time, in honour of the sun, and to com
memorate the building of his capital city. He
divided the year into twelve months, of thirty
days each, to the last of which they afterwards
added five supplementary days, to make up the
whole 865. No attention was, for some time,
paid to any intercalation similar to our leap-year;
till astronomers, observing, at length, that the
sun, at the beginning of the year, had made a
retrograde motion from Aries to Pisces, inserted
one month at the end of every 120 years, which
they celebrated with one continued festival.
Yazdajird, the last king of the Sassnian dynasty,
reformed the calendar; and his era is adopted at
this hour in many parts of Persia, particularly by
the Parsees of Kirmn, and by those of Guzerat in
Hindstn. But all do not agree in the epoch of
commencement; some dating it from the beginning
of Yazdajird's reign, A.D. 632 : some from his
defeat at Kdissia in 636; and others from his
death in 651. On the conquest of Persia by the
li
Muhammadans, the lunar computation was in
troduced, and it is still attended to in matters of
religion; but about the year 1072, the Persian
calendar was again reformed by the great Sultan
Malikshh Jalluddin, and continues now to be
adhered to in several parts of Persia. This prince,
whilst he removed the sun from Pisces to Aries,
made also an alteration in the position of the months
under the idea of restoring the ancient mode
fixed by Jamshd. From those changes, however,
there has arisen a disagreement amongst the dif.
ferent writers, with regard to the seasons and days,
when several festivals were celebrated; which,
were it of consequence, it would be difficult to re
concile; it being probable that, in later times,
different provinces solemnized them upon the days
which corresponded with the respective eras they
had adopted; and that some ceremonies were
perhaps introduced by the Muhammadan princes
which were unknown in ancient Persia.9%
Every month was supposed to be under the
guardianship of an angel, from whom it received
its name. The subdivision by weeks was not
known till later times; but every day had also a
ruling angel of a subordinate degree: the superior
angels having each a day, in their respective
months, which was observed with more than
ordinary attention. Their festivals were, in con
sequence, numerous, and many of them uncom
monly splendid. I shall slightly touch upon such
as seem most worthy of notice. The chief were
those about the equinoxes; the next were those
of water at Midsummer, and of fire at the winter
solstice. The first was the Naw rz, which com
menced with their year in March, and lasted six
days, during which all ranks seem to have parti
cipated in one general joy. The rich sent presents
to the poor: all were dressed in their holiday
clothes; all kept open house : and religious pro
cessions, music, dancing, a species of theatrical
exhibition, rustic sports, and other pastimes, pre
sented a continued round of varied amusement.
Even the dead, and the ideal things, were not
forgotten ; rich viands being placed on the tops of
h 2
lii D ISS E R TAT I O N.
houses and high towers, on the flavour of which
the Paris and spirits of their departed heroes and
friends were supposed to feast. The Parsees of
Guzerat still celebrate the last ten days of the year
as a festival to departed spirits. The first five
days they suppose the souls of the blessed to hover
three bow-shots above the earth; and during the
five last they imagine, that not only they, but the
damned also, visit their surviving friends; on
which account, to give them the best reception,
their houses are purified and decked out to the
greatest advantage. During these ten days they
never go from home.The festival of Mihrgn
lasted also six days: it began about the middle of
September, and was celebrated with some unessen
tial difference of ceremony, both being in honour
of their great ostensible deity, the sun.In June
they solemnized the Abrzgn, in honour of the
element of water; to which, as well as fire, they
paid a high degree of respect. It lasted only one
day; during which all degrees of people sprinkled
one another with pure water, or with distillations
from roses, orange-flowers, and other odoriferous
herbs.In December, on the shortest night of the
year, was the great festival of fire, called Shab
sadah ; when their temples were illuminated, and
large piles of fire blazed all over the kingdom,
round which the people entertained themselves all
night with choral dances, and various amusements
peculiar to the season. Amongst other ceremonies
common on this occasion, there was one which,
whether it originated in superstition or caprice,
seems to have been singularly cruel and pernicious.
The kings and the great men used to set fire to
large bunches of dry combustibles, fastened round
wild beasts and birds; which being then let loose,
the air and earth appeared one great illumination;
and as those terrified creatures naturally fled to the
woods for shelter, it is easy to conceive that con
flagrations, which would often happen, must have
been peculiarly destructive, where a people con
sidered the extinguishing of fire, by water, as one
of the highest acts of impiety.
There were many other festivals; some of which
seem whimsical, though others had apparently an
excellent political tendency. One of the most
ludicrous appears to have been that which they
celebrated about the vernal equinox, called Ksah
mishin. This was an old beardless one-eyed figure,
representing winter on his departure, mounted on
an ass or a mule, with a crow in ohe hand, and a
scourge and fan in the other. In this manner he
paraded the streets, followed by all ranks of people,
from the royal family to the beggar. Amongst
many frolics which the populace played with the old
man, they sprinkled him alternately with hot and
cold water; whilst he, crying out garm, garm,
(heat! heat!) sometimes fanned himself, and some.
times lashed histormentors. He had the privilege
of going into every shop, and into every house;
where the least delay in presenting him with a
piece of money, gave him a right to seize the
effects of every trader, and to bespatter the clothes
even of the greatest nobles with a mixture of ink,
red earth, and water, which he carried in a pot by
his side. But all were prepared for Ksah at their
doors; and their offsprings were made the moment
of his approach. What he thus received, from the
beginning of the cavalcade to the first hour of
prayer, was paid to the king, or to the gover
nors of those cities where the sovereign did not
reside ; a circumstance which seems evidently
to point to a superstitious origin ; for, upon any
other ground, the whole of the poor creature's
collections could be no object to men of their
elevated rank. From the first to the second
hour of prayer, the amount of the receipts was
the property of the old man ; and here his pa
geant ended. He then suddenly disappeared:
for after this time, the first person he met in the
streets might severely beat him with impunity.
The next festival, solemnized in April, called
Khurram r2, is in a different style, and appears to
have been founded upon the rational principles of
good government, as it tended to give dignity to
a most useful and respectable body of men. The
king dined in public, and the chiefs of the farmers
had the honour of sitting at table with him; when
 D ISS E R TAT I O N.
their sovereign addressed them in words to the
following effect: I am one of you; my sub
sistence, and that of my people, rests on the
t labour of your hands: the succession of the race
of man depends upon the plough ; and without
you we cannot exist. But your dependence
upon me is reciprocal : we ought therefore to
be brothers, and to live in perpetual harmony.
In the month of December they held a festival in
honour of deceased friends, images of whom they
formed in paste, which they placed where many
streets or roads met: they made offerings to them,
treated them with great respect, and then burnt
them with much solemnity.In the same month
was the ceremony of driving the Dives from their
houses. For this purpose the Magi wrote certain
words with saffron on parchment or paper, and
then smoked it over a fire, into which they put the
horn of an animal killed on the 16th of September,
cotton, garlick, grapes, and wild rue. The spell,
thus prepared, was glued or nailed to the inside of
the door, which was painted red. The priest then
took sand, which he spread with a knife, whilst he
muttered over it certain prayers; and then strew
ing it on the floor, the enchantment was complete;
and the Dives were supposed immediately to
vanish, or at least to be deprived of all malignant
influenceThe 5th of February was considered
as the proper day for clearing their dwellings of
Scorpions, a much more serious evil than the Dives.
With this view, they pasted on three of the walls
of the house small slips of paper, called Nawishta-i
Kazshdum, inscribed with magic characters, none
being struck upon that in which was the gate-way.
After various ceremonies, the door was opened,
when those noxious animals generally disappeared;
which they attributed entirely to the virtue of the
spells; whilst the sprinkling of their habitations
with compounds offensive to those creatures, and
other preparatory steps, were only considered as
secondary causes. But the most romantic of all
their festivals seems to have been the Mard-girn,
telebrated in February, in honour of the presiding
Angel Isfandarmuz. He was considered as the
liii
guardian of the fair sex, who, on this occasion,
enjoyed very singular privileges. They were
vested with almost absolute power. The husbands
complied, to the utmost of their ability, with all
the commands of their wives; and the virgins,
without offence to delicacy, might pay their ad
dresses to whom they pleased; and they seldom
sued in vain. Numberless marriages were in con
sequence solemnized, and many engagements
made ; the angel being supposed to shew remark
able favour, not only to the nuptials then cele
brated, but to all the contracts entered into during
his gay festival. An institution which seems to
bear some resemblance to the ancient gallantry of
Valentine's day in Europe.
An attention to those observances, as well as to
fortunate days, fortunate names, and every cir
cumstance of supernatural influence, we find, in
deed, was by no means confined in the East to the
lower orders of men; the greatest, and the most
learned, appearing to have been impressed with a
belief equally strong with that of the meanest and
the most ignorant. An Asiatic setting out on im
portant business, would return if he met a person
whom he supposed to have a shm kadam (a black
or unlucky foot); or if he saw a deer descending
a mountain, or appearing at his back. When a
married man took a long journey, it was common
for him to twist, in a particular manner, two
branches of the broom called ratam : if on his re
turn he found them as he left them, he was per
fectly satisfied of the fidelity of his wife; but if
any accident had unloosed or discomposed them,
nothing could induce him to believe her inno
cent.-As in those countries the crops were often
destroyed for want of rain, amongst other cere
monies which they supposed had virtue to procure
it, they tied some combustibles to the tail of a
bullock, especially of the wild breed, to which
they set fire; and if he then ran up the hill, they
looked upon it as a certain prognostic of rain.
When a Persian peasant thought his corn was too
long in winnowing, he took a kind of bastard saffron,
called bd-angz, which he rubbed; and throwing
liv D ISS E R TATION.
it in the air, the wind was expected immediately to
spring up.
Astrology, divination, and the interpretation of
dreams, were fashionable studies with men of rank;
and they in general carried with them, wherever
they went, pocket astronomical tables, which they
consulted, as well as astrologers, on every affair
of moment.Amru, one of the greatest and most
penetrating of the Arabian generals, after having
subdued part of Egypt, and other countries, sat
down before Jerusalem ; and had almost reduced
it to a surrender, when he was told by an astrolo
ger, that the predicted conqueror of the Holy City
had only three letters in his name. Struck with
this, Amru, suspended his operations, and sent a
messenger immediately to his master, the Caliph
Omar, whose name in Arabic consists only of three
letters; and upon his arrival in the camp, the town
instantly capitulated. Tamerlane seldom marched
till the astrologers fixed the lucky hour; and an
idiot having once thrown a breast of mutton at
him, precisely at the time he was meditating the
conquest of Khrazm, sometimes called the breast
of the world, he interpreted it, before all his army,
as an infallible omen of his success. Much good
policy, as well as superstition, may possibly, in
deed, have been at the bottom of Tamerlane's con
duct; as it must have highly animated his troops,
who were constitutionally impressed with the most
powerful ideas of omens, spells, and every species
of supernatural belief; a most cruel proof of
which their ancestors had given, when they over
ran the Caliphat in the thirteenth century: for
many of the Muhammadans having a custom of
carrying about them verses or chapters of the
Kurn, by way of preservatives or charms, the
Tartars considered all they met, with such papers,
as enchanters, and put them to death without
mercy. The Tartars have ever, indeed, been so
strongly impressed with the idea of enchantments,
that we meet with strange details in some of their
most authentic writers. Abi'lghz, king of Kh
razm, who writes a genealogical history of the Tar
tars, very gravely tells us, that Tli, one of the sons
of Changiz Khn, having been surrounded by the
Kathay or Chinese army, would have been cut to
pieces, had he not ordered one of his magicians to
turn summer into winter. The conjurer accord
ingly began his operations, and continued them
for three days, when he brought down such a
storm of hail and snow, that the Khn of Kathay's
army, clothed in silken garments and thin stuffs,
being unable to move, were slaughtered without
resistance."
Chivalry, or knight-errantry, has ever been so
intimately connected with enchantment, that be
fore we leave this subject, it may not be improper
to make a few remarks on such traces of it as may
be discovered in the East. The peculiar ideas
and habits of a people, as I have often had occa
sion to observe, may be seen in their poems and
romances, with a precision not inferior to their more
serious and moral writings; as a poet of true genius,
though he may ascribe to his heroes more virtues
and fewer faults than are to be found in the im
perfect nature of man, will, at the same time,
ever copy the living manners of the present or
former times.Single combats in the Shh nmah,
and other Eastern works of fancy, are innumera
ble.Asfandiyr was one of the most famous war
riors in ancient Persia: he challenges, fights, and
kills Arjasb, the son of Afrsib, king of Trn;
but being sent by his father against the famous
Rustam, after a single combat, which lasts two
days, he is killed by the blow of a mace; Rustam
having discovered that he had a charm which ren
dered him invulnerable to spear, sword, or arrow.
Rustam has several duels with his own son Suh
rb, whom he did not know : in the last of which he
unfortunately kills him.Those heroes are armed
with complete coats of mail, plumed helmets,
spears, swords, maces, and shields, with daggers,
bows, and arrows. Their armour, and the trap
pings of their horses, are uncommonly splendid;
and their mode of attack seems in every shape to
have been exactly similar to the tiltings of knight
errantry; excepting in the circumstance of the
bow and arrow, which appears to have been chiefly
 D ISS E R TAT I O N.
confined to the infantry, after chivalry became a
regular institution in Europe.A famous combat
is mentioned by all the Persian writers, and seems
to be founded on historical fact, between twelve
chosen warriors of Persia, and twelve of Tartary.
The armies of Kay Khusraw and Afrsib were
drawn up in battle array. To save the effusion of
blood, this combat was proposed; the success of
which was to fix the boundaries of the hostile em
pires. The Persians gained the victory, chiefly
by the prowess of Rustam; and the Tartar king
immediately abandoned all the territory to the
southward of the Oxus. Kwun, one of the Per
sian champions, seems to have been a knight
errant; for he was surnamed Razm-khh, one who
goes in search of adventures.Among the Ara
bians, nothing was more common than challeng
ing to single combat. The Caliph Ali, and others,
furnish many examples.Mention is also made of
two famous Arabian knights-errant, one called Ab
Muhammad Albatal, who wandered every where in
quest of adventures, and redressing of grievances.
He was killed in the year 788. The other was a
great grandson of the Caliph Abbakar, named
Jaffar al Sadik, who died in the reign of Almansr,
in the year 764.In an imperfect manuscript,
which has neither beginning nor end, I met, by
chance, with the following anecdote of Jaffar al
Sadik. This warrior, who was equally eminent
for his piety and extensive knowledge as for his re
nown in arms, was invited to court by the Caliph
Almansr, that he might profit by his counsel.
Jaffar returned for answer, Whoever has a view
Only to this world will not give you sincere ad
vice; and he who regards the next, will not
keep you company.
That mode, which prevailed in Europe, of the
knights of hostile armies challenging one another
to single combat, during a truce, was very com
mon in the East. I shall give one remarkable in
stance. The gallant Sultan Jallu'ddin, whose fa
ther Muhammad, king of Khrazm, was driven
from his dominions by Changiz Khn, having af.
terwards recovered part of his kingdom, marched
lw
about the year 1228 against the Georgians: when
a truce having been agreed upon, in order to ad
just, if possible, terms of accommodation, the great
men of both armies sent mutual defiances, and
many combats were fought. Jallud'din, dis
guising himself like a private knight, entered the
lists; when a well-mounted Georgian appeared
against him ; but, at the first career, he unhorsed
him, and successively three of his sons who wished
to retrieve the family honour. A champion of
uncommon size then approached : he was sur
named Pil-afgun (overthrower of elephants); his
blows fell with such force and rapidity, that Jal
lu'd'din, apprehensive lest his horse should fly off,
or sink under him, sprung to the ground, and
aimed his lance with such address, that he pierced
the Georgians forehead, and extended him lifeless
on the ground.
Many other circumstances which accompanied
the institution of chivalry in Europe appear to have
been long familiar in the East. Tournaments,
throwing the javelin, armorial bearings, and, above
all, that respectful attention to women which
formed no part of the national character of the
Greeks or Romans. The exercises of the jaridah
and the kan were favourite amusements with the
young warriors: they darted them at the ring
dariat, and they tilted or threw them at one
another. The Arabian conquerors of Spain carried
the custom into that country; where, under the
description of festas de las canas, it is celebrated in
the Romanzes, as one of the highest public enter
tainments which the gallant Moors gave in honour
of the ladies. One cavalier was the public chal
lenger or Mantenedor; he run at the, ring, or
tilted with all who entered the lists. Gold chains,
jewels, and other rich ornaments, were the prizes:
but the most valuable of all was, the picture of the
Mantenedor's mistress, which was placed in a con
spicuous part of the field, and surrounded by the
portraits of those of the vanquished knights. The
ladies, in galleries which surrounded the lists, were
generally witnesses of the address, strength, and
fortune of their admirers.
lvi D ISS E R TATION.
...The attention of the Arabians and Tartars to the
fair, sex seems indeed to have been conducted
upon such principles of delicate sensibility, as
would hardly be expected from that fierceness of
temper for which they have been characterized;
yet the great lines in the manners of those people
may nevertheless, in some measure, account for
it: their attachment to pastoral life, ever favour
able to love, with many circumstances peculiar to
their roving habits, would frequently produce such
situations, as might greatly heighten that elegant
regard for the sex, which distinguishes refined af.
ection from brutal impulse. Many tribes are often
encamped together; and the young men of one
fall naturally in love with the damsels of another.
In the midst of their courtship, the heads of the
tribes suddenly order the tents to be struck : one
goes to the right hand, the other takes the left.
The lovers are separated, perhaps never more to
meet; and if we can draw any conclusions from
their elegies or their language, those separations
have been often fatal. Dying for love is con
sidered amongst us as a mere poetic figure; and
we certainly can support the reality by few ex
amples; but in Eastern countries it seems to be
something more ; many words, in the Arabic and
Persian languages, which express love, implying
also melancholy, madness, and death."
The military ideas, which prevailed in old
Arabia, seem also to have been peculiarly calcu
lated to promote a romantic attention to the fair
sex. A long cessation of hostilities was painful to
the Arabs: their arms were often turned against
the neighbouring countries, and caravans of tra
vellers, but oftener against each other. Captives
and plunder were the chief objects; and the women
were considered as most valuable spoils. To pro
tect them became in consequence a great point of
honour. Those predal wars, in whatever light we
may view them, were considered as highly honour
able in Arabia; and no man was thought in any
shape accomplished, who could not boast, in them,
some feat of arms. Their expeditions were in ge
neral short. If they found the enemy too power
ful, they retired; if unprepared, they surprised
them; if of equal or inferior force, they attacked
them : and one battle was for the most part deci
sive. A young warrior returning after a short
absence, and laying his laurels, his captives, and
his spoils, at the feet of his mistress, would, in
general, woo with success; and he whose gallant
intrepidity had saved his tribe from rapine and
captivity, would ever be a favourite of the fair.
When the flower of any tribe were absent upon a
distant enterprise, some hostile neighbours would
often attack those they had left behind ; and hence
arose perhaps the custom of the Arabian women,
even the highest rank, attending their husbands,
fathers, and brothers, in their military expeditions;
and of fighting often with a degree of heroism not
inferior to the fabled achievements of the ancient
Amazons. We have many instances of the fortune
of the day having been restored by them after the
men had fled; but none more remarkable than the
famous battle of Yamk, fought in the year 636,
which proved decisive of the fate of Syria, and of
the Greek empire in the East. The Grecians
greatly out-numbered the Arabians, and their
onset was so impetuous, that they drove them to
their tents: there the fugitives were stopt by the
women, who alternately encouraged and reproach
ed them : they threatened even to join the Greeks;
and one of their bravest officers appearing disposed
for flight, a lady knocked him down with a tent
pole, saying, Advance, Paradise is before your
face; fly, and the fire of hell is at your back!
The chief women then took the command, and
made head till night parted the combatants. The
next day they led them again to the attack, a
young lady named Khawl, sister to one of the
principal commanders, acting as general. In
leading the van she was beat to the ground by a
Greek; when Wafayr, one of her female friends,
striking off his head at a blow, brought the heroine
off. Animated by the noble behaviour of the
women, the Arabs soon became irresistible, and
routed at length the Grecian army, with the loss,
it is said, of 150,000 killed, and about 50,000
 D ISS E R TATION.
prisonersThe Arabian women were, in general,
excellent archers; and they watched every op
portunity of revenging the death of their husbands,
their fathers, their brothers, or their lovers. The
governor of Damascus, a man of uncommon abili
ties and courage, killed with his own hand, in a
sally, an Arabian of distinction, named Aban, in
the sight of his wife, who fought by his side: she
immediately let fly an arrow, which, missing the
governor, killed the great standard-bearer: with
the second she was more successful; she wounded
him in the eye, and forced him to retreat to Da
mascus."
The Tartars, as we are informed in the History
of Abi'l Ghz Khn, used, in the same manner,
to carry with them, when they went even upon
short expeditions, their wives and families, for the
reasons mentioned above; as that weaker sex
must otherwise have remained, in the absence of
the warriors, a prey to invading neighbours.-
Tamerlane, in the intervals between his expedi
tions, used to assemble all the young females of
the army, and order a general marriage, which he
solemnized with uncommon magnificence. After
the defeat of the Kipjks about the year 1389,
that prince gave a most pompous feast in the de
lightful plains near Samarcand, on the marriage of
his amirs, his inferior officers, and his soldiers,
which was introduced by a grand piece of music
composed on the occasion, called the Triumph of
Kinjik. He was seated on a throne of gold : rich
carpets and brocades overspread the ground; and
tables in various dispositions were ranged around
to an immense distance; those of the great amirs
being placed next to the throne, and the subordi
nate officers and soldiers seated according to their
respective ranks, marshalled in battle-array, the
bridegrooms on one side, and the brides on the
other. Those gallant entertainments, which were
accompanied with tournaments, huntings, and
Various hardy sports, coincided perfectly with the
genius of his people, They often continued many
days; for all the great Khns were ambitious of
*italing the splendour of their sovereign; and he
lvii
took pains to encourage their ruling passions. No
prince was ever more generous to those who
served him well: yet he knew the secret of keeping
even the richest dependent on his bounty; and
luxury was the master-key. War and the ladies
he knew were the great objects of their adoration:
they fought and they plundered, only to be gallant
and magnificent.
The marriage of a prince among the Tartars
was attended with singular splendour and cere
mony. I shall not dwell upon numberless in
stances which might be brought from the Histo
ries of Changiz Khn, Tamerlane, Ab'l Ghz,
and other Tartar annals, but shall only remark a
pompous custom, mentioned by the Vazir Nizm,
which I have met with in no other author. It is
introduced when occasionally mentioning some
particulars of the marriage of his sovereign, the
Sultan Malikshh, with the daughter of the Caliph.
The Sultan was encamped on the west side of
the Tigris, and the Caliph's palace was on the
east. On the day chosen for the ceremony, the
Sultan gave orders that all the great men who
were present should go to the palace of the
Caliph to solicit his consent: for according to
the custom of the Turkomns, at the time of the
courtship the bridegroom's people go to the father
of the future bride, and in a supplicating manner
request him to give his consent to the match. In
like manner the great men, then assembled from
most parts of the earth, went in procession to
supplicate the Caliph ; and, to show the regard
due to his palace, directions were given that
they should all go thither on foot. When they
began to march, the Caliph, who had notice of
their motion, immediately sent a messenger, who
said, that the Commander of the Faithful had
ordered Nizm ul Mulk to come on horseback.
So I alone mounted, and all the great men of
the world accompanied me on foot. On our ar
rival at the palace, I was introduced into a most
magnificent hall, and seated on an eminent
place, and all the rest on my right and left.
Then robes of honour were brought for all of
l
lviii D ISS ERTATION.
us; and on that for me was curiously wrought
the following words, For the wise and just Vazir
Nizm ul Mulk, Amiru'l milminin. And from the
beginning of Muhammadanism to this day no
vazir has been dignified with the title of Prince
of the Faithful.The high respect paid by the
Tartars to the sex might indeed be supported
upon many grounds.--If a Tartar chief married
several wives, the sons of the lady, who was most
nobly born, took precedence of their brothers,
whose mothers were of inferior rank. It is par
ticularly remarked, as a general Mogul custom,
by Abi'l Faraj, when mentioning the sons of
Changiz Khn, by his principal queen Owisunjin
Bgi, and seems to be a stretch of complaisance
unknown even in our European laws.The Vazir
Nizm advises his son, if he accepts the vazirship,
to pay uncommon attention to the ladies of the
court, for the following reason : Although,
in old times, especially during the reigns of
the ancient Kings of Persia, no great regard
was paid to the opinion of the queens in mat
ters of state; yet the Khns of Turkistn had
always a custom of consulting the women on all
emergencies, and preferred their opinions to
that of all their counsellors; and as the Turko
mn princes were originally educated among
them, they likewise follow this custom, and
trust to their prudent advice on all occasions.
It is therefore absolutely necessary that you take
shelter under their protection. As Nizm al
ways illustrates his advice by some anecdote from
history, or his own observation, he, upon this oc
casion, gives some instances of the great influence
and address of a lady called Jamila Kandahri, the
favourite attendant on the young Tartar queen of
Sultan Mahmd; who appears, from the account
of this penetrating statesman, to have been the
chief though secret spring of every ministerial
movement: she was handsome, and endowed with
uncommon parts; she was a steady friend, and a
determined, but not a cruel enemy : she protected
her favourites in the most dangerous situations,
and hurled, with a sure but invisible arm, disap
pointment and disgrace on the heads of those who
wished to rise upon their ruin.
But this preliminary dissertation has already
swelled to an uncommon size, and might easily
equal the volume to which it is prefixed, were
every custom, singular in itself, or similar to those .
of Europe, touched upon and supported by all the
authorities which might be brought: but that I
must leave to men of higher abilities, with greater
leisure, who may choose to pursue the subject,
and conclude with a few miscellaneous observa
tions on some points which have not found a place
in the preceding sheets.
I have mentioned above a musical composition
performed before Tamerlane, called the Triumph
of Kipjk; but I have had no opportunity of dis
covering any thing satisfactory of the genius of
the Tartar, Persian, or Arabian music. They have,
however, three principal pardas, or modes: called
the Ispahni, which appears to be the original Per
sian melody; the Irki, or the Babylonish; and the
Hijz, or the Arabian ; which have probably an
analogy and a difference, similar to that which is
found between the aboriginal music of England,
Scotland, and Ireland. Their style is apparently
not very remote from that which prevailed in Eu
rope before the eleventh century, when Guido and
others began to improve the Italian taste. Simple
melody seems to be their only object, without any
idea of composition in score, or of harmonic ac
companiment, excepting what may be produced by
the concord of a deep-toned instrument playing
the same piece along with another tuned a sin
gle or double octave higher : but this approaches
so near to unison, as hardly to suggest any idea
of that variety introduced by thirds, fifths, and
the other less perfect chords, which so remarkably
distinguishes the present European system from
that of the ancients.The Asiatics have a great
number of instruments; and many of those now
in use amongst us, though considerably improved,
appear to have been originally of Eastern inven
tion. One of their most favourite instruments is
called the barbut, a species of lute, which is said to
 D ISS E R TATION,
have been invented by a famous musician of that
time, who was master to Khusraw Parviz, king of
Persia, about the end of the sixth century: but it
is probable that he only improved it, and was,
perhaps, so surnamed from his excellent perform
ance on the instrument; for the barbiton, which
in name and description seems to have borne a
great resemblance to it, was known to the Greeks,
though it might possibly have been originally
brought from Persia, Strabo observing that it was
so named as being borrowed from barbarians.
Among the Eastern nations we find a variety of
instruments of this species, which bear a propor
tion, in point of size, similar to that of the violin,
tenor, and violoncello, in Europe. The abar seems
to be a common lute; the sili is described with a
large swelling belly, and a deep tone. The shah
shah is a four-stringed instrument, somewhat like
a violoncello. The yanam is another large instru
ment strung with brass wires, and struck with a
short plectrum; the yashkardah being somewhat
similar, but played with a long bow. The shasht
has six strings, and is of the same species with the
litr; whence our guitar, from the Spanish gui
tara, seems to have been borrowed, as it was a
favourite instrument with the Arabian conquerors
of Spain, who seem not only to have introduced
it, but also the gallant custom of serenading their
mistresses, on which occasion, not only the words
of their songs, but the airs, and even the colour
of their habits, were expressive of the triumph
of the fortunate, or the despair of the rejected
lover,199
Besides the above instruments, they have the
hirin, the mizhar, the knin or kinnin, the kamn
chah the kanrat, the artab, the tambr, the
anlir, the kandalash, and several others, which
are different kinds of the lute, harp, dulcimer,
Psalter, viola d'amore, and other instruments of
the stringed species. The kunjbd appears to be
the Eolian or wind-harp; the tulimbah is a hy
draulic instrument, or water-organ ; miskal, a
*pecies of organ, or Pan's reed-pipe of unequal
"gths. Drums are apparently an Arabian inven
lix
tion, and they have them of many sorts. Tabl is
a drum, tablak a small drum, tabor, or tambourin;
also one made of two kettles, joined bottom to
bottom, and covered with skins. Riyin khum,
sitm, kubah, are other kinds of kettle-drums.
Duff, dubdab, tambal, darab, shandaf, shada, with
many more, are drums, tabors, and other similar
instruments. Ks is a large royal military drum, ge
nerally beat in the palace, or in the camp when the
king is present. They have likewise a vast number
of wind-instruments, especially for war and the
chace; as the gwdum, a trumpet, with which they
sound the charge to battle; the bilk or biiri, a kind
of clarion, or cor de chasse. The shabir, the nafir,
the nkir, the karn or karrany, are trumpets of
different kinds: the last was that used by Tamer.
lane, the sound of which is described as uncom
monly dreadful, and so loud as to be heard at the
distance of several miles. The ny, the zarn, the
kaysabas, the shhny, the nydil, the nychah, the
kawwal, and the sany, are all of the hautboy,
pipe, or flute-species, though apparently not so
melodious in general as those of Europe. As the
last mentioned instrument, from the number of
holes, seems to require some art to perform upon
it with propriety, I shall conclude with a short
description of it. It is shaped somewhat like a
hautboy, without keys ; it has a brass mouth
piece and fifteen holes; seven in a right line,
ranged nearly like those of that instrument; three
smaller ones towards the lower extremity; two
on each side, and one of a larger dimension near
the bottom. The sany is of different sizes; some
are of wood, and others of metal ; but that which
is least offensive to a stranger's ear, has the upper
part of wood, and the lower of thin brass: it has
a shrill piercing sound.
The Persians appear to have been the most
musical of the Eastern nations : the Arabians
themselves, who have written many treatises on
the subject, acknowledging that they had borrow
ed from them the greatest part of their knowledge,
and many of their terms of art. Father Angelo
mentions having seen several beautiful musical
i 2
lx D ISSERTATION.
manuscripts at Ispahn, some of which were
brought into Europe, and placed in the library of
Louis XIV. by his Oriental interpreter, M. Petit
Le Croix.-The great men in the East have been
always fond of music. Though prohibited by the
Muhammadan religion, it in general makes part
of every public or private entertainment. Female
slaves are generally kept to amuse them, and the
ladies of their harams. Female strolling musicians
are also very common ; and the Persian khany
garah seems nearly to have resembled our old
English minstrel; as he generally accompanied
his barbut or lute with heroic songs. Their
musicians appear, like old Timotheus, to have
known the art of moving the passions, and to have
generally directed their music to the heart; I shall
mention one instance. Alfrbi, who died about
the middle of the tenth century, was a philosopher
of uncommon genius, and, amongst other accom
plishments, he excelled in music. On his return
from the pilgrimage to Mecca, he introduced
himself, though a stranger, at the court of Say
fu'd'dawla, Sultan of Syria. Musicians were ac
cidentally performing, and he joined them. The
prince admired him, and wished to hear something
of his own ; he pulled a composition from his
pocket, and distributing the parts amongst the
band, the first movement threw the prince and
his courtiers into violent and incessant laughter,
the next melted all into tears, and the last lulled
even the performers asleep."
A variety of customs, we may here observe,
prevailed amongst the independent tribes of Pagan
Arabians and Tartars, which were either abolished
or modified, when they became united under
princes of ability and power. One of these was the
destructive system of private war. In every state
where the arm of the civil magistrate has been too
feebletocheck or chastise the crimes of men, private
revenge seems naturally to have usurped the place
of legal punishment. We find it in full vigour in
the middle ages, and universally adopted in every
European state. And so forcible is the prejudice
of ancient habit, that even where sovereigns
gained strength sufficient, to substitute the laws
of reason for the practices of barbarity, they found
it not prudent to overturn at once this pernicious
offspring of uncultivated minds; but, by loading
it with expensive compositions, they endeavour to
make its ravages hurtful to society. Similar but
more savage principles appear to have regulated
those Eastern nations. If an Arabian had lost a
near relation, a wife, or even a slave, he singled
out from among the captives, when victorious, a
freeman for each, and sacrificed them in cold
blood. This was not considered as barbarous: it
was rather a point of honour, which avarice alone
appears to have mitigated; the husband, relations,
or master of the deceased, being permitted to dis
pense with their sanguinary vengeance, in consi.
deration of a mulct. We accordingly find, about
the birth of Muhammad, that ten camels were the
compensation for a slaughtered man, without any
apparent distinction between the freeman and the
slave. Muhammad, powerful as he was, durst
not, any more than the lawgivers of Europe, SO
far oppose the general genius of the people, as
entirely to abolish this brutal custom ; but he
endeavoured to mitigate or regulate it by several
passages in the Kurn, in which, among other
circumstances, a distinction is made of rank and
sex. In after times, the composition of ten camels
was found inadequate to check the prevalence of
private vengeance; and, in the Sunna, it was ac
cordingly raised to a hundred; probably for the
same reasons which dictated an increase of the
sanguinary fines among the Lombards and other
European nations; because those fines having been
originally fixed when the people were poor, they
were found too trifling, when, by the extent of
their conquests, they had become powerful and
rich. It does not, however, appear that any thing
similar to the European fredum, or proportion paid
to the public treasury, subsisted among the East
ern nations, the whole of the compensation being
received by the relations or masters of the slaugh
tered person. In the East, as well as in Europe,
the relations of the principals in a quarrel seem to
 D ISS E R TATION.
have been bound by honour and custom to espouse
their party, and to revenge their death, one of the
highest reproaches with which one Arabian could
upbraid another, being an accusation of having
left the blood of his friend unrevenged. The
sacred months of the Arabians appear to have
been far superior to the Treuga Deior the Paa
Regis of Europe. Three following months in
every year, with another one intermediate, must
have tended far more effectually to soften ex
asperated minds, than the interval of three days
in a week, which would, in general, only give them
a breathing-time to prepare for fresh hostilities.
Those European ordinances were, at the same time,
too often disregarded; whilst in Arabia they took
the heads from their spears, and observed this
great salutary law so religiously, that from the
earliest periods of record or tradition they furnish
ed but four or five instances where it had been
infringed, and these were stamped with the epithet
of impiety, and the universal execration of the
people.
One circumstance, however, appears strongly
to have distinguished the private wars in the East
from those of the West. The manners of Asia
seem, in all ages, to have pointed to domestic
slavery; Muhammad, in Arabia, made that an
article of religion, which had anciently been only
a custom. The captives were, in consequence,
with few exceptions, constantly reduced to a state
of servitude; and little distinction seems in general
to have been made between a princess and her
female slave, excepting what she derived from a
superiority of personal accomplishments. Those
ideas the Arabians retained amidst their extensive
conquests. Many instances might be given; I
shall confine myself to two, as they regard the
daughters of the two greatest princes then in the
world,In an action after the siege of Damascus,
in 635, amongst other prisoners was the daughter
of Heraclius, Emperor of Greece, and widow of
the governor of that city. Rafi, the Arabian com
mander, to whose lot she fell, presented her
without ceremony, as a slave, to Jonas, a Grecian,
lxi
who had embraced the Muhammadan religion;
but Jonas, from a principle of honour, returned
her, with all her jewels, unransomed, to her father.
When the Arabians conquered Persia, Shirin
bn, the daughter of king Yazdajird, was one of
the captives, and was publicly exposed to sale in
the city of Madina; but the liberal-minded Ali
thought differently from his countrymen on this
occasion: he declared that the offspring of princes
ought not to be sold ; and married her immediately
to his son Husayn. This anecdote I met with in
the mutilated manuscript formerly mentioned, the
author of which I have not been able to discover.
Ismael Safi, who mounted the throne of Persia in
the year 1502, derived his descent, as was observed
before (p. xx), from the Caliph Ali; and as he
also claimed relationship to the ancient royal
family of Persia, it was probably in consequence
of this marriage. What may serve to confirm this
anecdote, is a story related of the Caliph Al
Walid, and the Imm Zaynul, son of Abidin,
whom he suspected of a design upon the Caliphat:
You are unworthy to reign, said Al Walid, as
being the son of a slave : your mother was one
of the Persian captives. The Imm answered:
The mother of Ismael, the son of Abraham, was
the slave Hagar; yet Muhammad was des
cended from her. The Caliph blushed, and
was silent. -
The Tartars, in the circumstance of private war,
resembled, in many particulars, the old Arabians;
in some they differed. The whole history of
Ab'lghz Khn is filled with the incessant wars of
the various tribes. The domestic slavery of the
men was, indeed, seldom adopted : they either
massacred them, or sent them into distant exile;
but the women were made captives. Abghz
mentions particularly, when the princes of the
tribe of Amunak, about the year 1504, defeated
the posterity of Burga Sultan, one of the descen
dants of Changiz Khn, that they put to death all
the males of that house, but their wives and
daughters they kept as slaves. When they spared
their prisoners, and either set them at liberty, or
lxii D ISSERTATION.
removed them to another country, they divided
them into small troops of ten or twelve ; each of
which furnishes one, as a hostage for the good
behaviour of the rest. A similar custom prevailed
of old among the Germans.
Amidst all the vices and dangerous qualities of
the Arabians, Persians, and Tartars, they have
been ever distinguished for generosity and hospi
tality. Particular details would be endless; they
are to be found in almost every author who has
touched upon the history of those people. I shall
only observe, in addition to those accounts, that
there is hardly a word in the Arabic and Persian
languages which signifies avarice, that does not
also imply cowardice, baseness, slavery, or villainy.
The Arabians have even a proverb, that no miser
was ever brave, but the Caliph Abdalla bin
Zubayr. So high is their idea of the rights of
hospitality, that if the murderer of their dearest
friends had, even by chance, eaten or drunk under
their roof, that alone cancelled every former
crime; and they were bound not only to forgive,
but to protect him. The wretch who had betray
ed the man whose bread he had eaten, was justly
stamped with the deepest infamy; a bread and
salt-traitor being one of the most opprobrious
epithets by which one Asiatic would express his
detestation of another.Their veneration for salt
is indeed extraordinary. A robber having one
night broke into the palace of the king of Sijistn;
and happening, whilst he was making off with his
rich booty, to tread upon a stone, which he con
ceived to be a jewel that had escaped his observa
tion in the dark, he picked it up; and putting it
to his mouth, to be satisfied of the truth, he found
it to be salt. This accidental circumstance
operated so forcibly, even with this loose-prin
cipled man, that he then considered his robbery as
a violation of the rights of hospitality, and retired
immediately home without his plunder. This
famous robber became afterwards king of Sijistn,
and founder of the dynasty of the Soffarides.A
custom subsists to this day in India among the
Gentiis, of tasting salt, together with other cere
monies, when dividing property among partners,
or the heirs of a person deceased.
Amongst other laws and usages, similar to those
of the Northern nations, we find that the trial by
ordeal was anciently known in Persia, and it ori
ginated, perhaps, from their superstitious venera
tion for fire. After exalting that element to the
rank of a divinity, we cannot wonder that they
should resort to it, for evidence, in points which
could not admit of positive proof. In the Shh
nmah we find the description of an illustrious
trial, by the ordeal, above five hundred years
before the Christian era. Siwakhsh, son of the
reigning king Kay Kwus, had been educated in
Sijistn by the great Rustam. His father, hear
ing much of his accomplishments, sent for him to
court, where Sawdbah, his mother-in-law, fell in
love with him : she soon made a declaration; but
the prince discouraging her advances, she flew in
a rage to the king, and accused him of an attempt
upon her honour. The prince protested his inno
cence; but the queen persisted, and demanded
justice. The king knew not how to decide; the
nature of the case could not admit of proof: he
ordered, therefore, a large fire to be kindled, and
the parties to pass through it. The prince, without
hesitation, boldly entered it on horseback, and
passed unhurt; but Sawdbah trembled, and durst
not venture : she fell on her knees, confessed the
truth, and was pardoned on the generous interces
sion of the man she meant to destroy.The trial
by ordeal, where satisfactory evidence cannot be
obtained, is still in practice among the Gentiis in
Hindstn, and is of high antiquity. It is men
tioned several times in the Code of Gentil Laws, as
a common mode of proof, under the title of Pa
rik'hy: but I have not been able to discover the
particular species which they adopt."
The administration of justice in Pagan Arabia
appears to have been very simple ; the heads of
the tribes being, in general, the umpires of every
difference. Solemn oaths used to be taken over a
fire called hawlat; into which, if they suspected a
witness of perjury, they privately threw a species
 D ISS E R TATION.
of salt; which, making a sudden explosion, terri
fied them often into a sudden discovery of the truth.
Over a fire they used also to make treaties and
other solemn agreements.-After Muhammad had
established his prophetic character, causes appear
to have been determined only by him and his
chief companions; and their decrees were some
times strikingly decisive. A Muhammadan being
castin a suit with a Jew before the tribunal of the
prophet, appealed to Omar, who happened to be
standing at his door when the parties appeared.
After listening to the merits with great composure,
he bid him wait a little, and he would soon settle
the whole affair. He then went into his house,
and returning instantly with a sword, struck off the
Muhammadan's head: Thus, says he, ought
all to be punished, who acquiesce not in the
sentence of the prophet of God.
I found a decision of Ali in the imperfect ma
muscript formerly mentioned, which seems inge
mious, and shows, at the same time, something of
the manners of the people in those times. Two
Arabians sat down to dinner: one had five loaves,
the other three. A stranger passing by, desired
permission to eat with them, which they agreed to.
The stranger dined, laid down eight pieces of
money, and departed. The proprietor of the five
loaves took up five pieces, and left three for the
other; who objected, and insisted for one-half.
The cause came before Ali, who gave the follow
ing judgment: Let the owner of the five loaves
have seven pieces of money, and the owner of
the three loaves, one: for if we divide the eight
loaves by three, they make twenty-four parts;
of which he who laid down five loaves, had
fifteen; whilst he who laid down three, had
Only nine; as all fared alike, and eight shares
was each man's proportion, the stranger ate
seven parts of the first man's property, and
only one belonging to the other: the money, in
justice, must be divided accordingly.In after
times, in the various Muhammadan states, the
law appears, however, to have been strangely per
Verted, and the satirists are, in consequence, un
lxiii
commonly severe. Formerly, says a poet, the
judges were naked swords, and the guilty only .
trembled; now they are empty sheaths, and
gorge themselves with the plunder of their
suitors.Are you indigent, says another;
and have you the misfortune to be at law with
the rich 2 withdraw your suit, go to your pow
&
erful oppressor, and humble yourself in the
dust: there you may, perhaps, meet with jus
tice and mercy: with the czi you can have
none. And, in fact, no censure appears ever
to have been more justly grounded; for in the
Eastern languages, there are not only words signi
fying bribes to judges; but others, which denote
men whose public and professed employment was,
the corrupting of magistrates, to procure decisions
contrary to equity and law. We may form indeed
a judgment of the general administration, or ra
ther perversion of justice, under some of the Ca
liphs, from an appointment of Muktadir, who,
about the beginning of the tenth century, pro
moted a young damsel, named Yamik, to be pre
sident of the Dwnu'l mazlim, one of the prin
cipal tribunals of the empire, which took cogni
zance of the tyranny and oppression of governors
and other great men.
The following curious anecdote is told, in the
Nigristn, of a famous lawyer of Bagdd, called
Ab Ysuf. It marks several peculiarities in the
Muhammadan law, and displays some casuistical
ingenuity in adapting them to the views of his
clients. The Caliph Harn Arrashid had taken a
fancy for a female slave belonging to his brother
Ibrahim ; he offered to purchase her, but Ibra
him, though willing to oblige his sovereign, had
sworn that he would neither sell nor give her
away. As all parties wished to remove this diffi
culty, Ab Ysuf was consulted, who advised
Ibrahim to give his brother one half of the slave,
and to sell him the other. Happy to be relieved
from this embarrassment, the Caliph ordered
80,000 dinars for the moiety of the slave; which
Ibrahim, as a mark of his acknowledgment, im
mediately presented to the lawyer. But a second
lxiv D ISS E R TATION.
difficulty now arose. The Moslem law prohibits
all commerce between a man and the wife or con
cubine of his brother, till she has been re-married
and divorced by a third person. Ab Ysuf ad
vised the Caliph to marry her to one of his slaves;
who, for a proper consideration, would be easily
induced to repudiate her on the spot. The cere
mony was instantly performed ; but the slave, fall
ing in love with his handsome spouse, could not
be prevailed upon to consent to a separation.
Here was a strange and unexpected dilemma;
for all despotic as the Caliph was, he durst not
compel him. But Ab Ysuf soon discovered
an expedient; he desired the Caliph to make a
present to the lady of her new husband, which
virtually dissolved the marriage, as no woman, by
the Muhammadan law, can be the wife of her own
slave. Overjoyed that the Gordian knot was thus
so ingeniously unloosed, the Caliph gave him
10,000 dinars; and the fair slave receiving a con
siderable present from her royal lover, presented
him with 10,000 more; so that Ab Ysuf, in a
few hours, found his fees amount to 50,000 dinars,
or nearly 25,000.
To those strictures many might be added: but
I am already led too far; and time obliges me to
conclude. The subjects touched upon in this
Dissertation are various, and some of them may
be discovered, perhaps, to have been too slightly
considered. I have differed freely from very high
authorities; but sensible how much easier it is to
point out errors than to avoid them, I submit
myself as freely to the decision of every intelligent
reader. Be it delivered with the temper of the
gentleman and the scholar, I shall be proud of
every ingenious criticism; and endeavour to im
prove by a discovery of my faults. I am not
attached to a single idea that may be found in
consistent with truth or propriety; and should,
with far less pain, see the most favourite theory
fall before a judicious investigation, than be justly
censured for a failure in candour or politeness,
 PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Amongst other proofs which I propose to offer in the course
of his disquisition, one appears to me to be of high authority; I
mean radical words in the Eastern tongues, expressive of pecu
har habits or inventions; the existence of the terms being positive
evidence of the pre-existence of the objects which they describe.
Inthis mode of proof I shall advance no words which appear to
have been adopted from the Grecian or other foreign languages,
as these could demonstrate no originality; and I shall avoid all
circumlocutory description, as that can prove no antiquity.
Whatever is expressed by a number of words, we shall, for the
most part, find is neither perfectly nor generally known; it is
only when the idea has become familiar that the superfluity of
phrase is dropt, and the principal word becomes sufficient to
make the whole completely understood.
Page ii. 'St. Ephraim and St. Basil insist strongly that the
Aramean or Mesopotamian dialect of the Syriac was that in
which God delivered his commands to Adam; the Maronites, or
Eastern Christians, contend for the Chaldaic; James Bishop of
Roha, Bochart, and others, give the precedence to the Hebrew ;
Futychius supports the Greek; Mr. Webb the Chinese; Goro
Pius, Becanus, and Pezron are warm for the Teutonic; whilst
Gregory Nyssaeus declares his antagonist Eunomius an impious
heretic for supposing man to have received any language what
ever from God. See also D'Herbelot, Bibliothque Orientale,
P. 514. Sharpe on the Origin of Languages, p. 2, 6, &c.
The learned Bochart has given us a list of about twenty lan
guages, supposed to have been in use in very early ages, and
has arranged them, with regard to antiquity, in the following
order: The Hebrew, the Chaldaic or Syriac, the Arabic, Phoe
nician, Egyptian, the Azotian or Philistine, the Persian, Par
"dan, Median, Elamite, Cappadocian, Pontic, Asiatic, Phrygian,
Pamphilian, Libyan, Cretan, and Lycoanic, together with the
Greek and Latin; all of which (the three first, the Persian, and
two last excepted) were, probably, only dialects of the principal
"gues. See Bochart Phaleg, p. 57, &c.
P. i. See Preface to Arabic Lexicon of Golius, p. 1. Sale's
"eliminary Discourse to his Translation of the Kurn, p. 33
et seq.
P. iii. 3 D'Herbelot, p. 513 and 514. Sale's Preliminary
Discourse, p. 37, &c. The seven principal Muallakt Poems
are in Pocock's collection, in the Bodleian Library of Oxford,
No. 64. And in another volume, No. 174, are above forty
more, which had been also honoured by being hung up in the
Kaaba.
P. iii. Pocock, in his preface to the Carmen Tograi, men
tions a circumstance which may give some idea of the pains
which the Arabians have taken with their language. A king
having sent to a grammarian for the books in his possession
relative to that tongue, he desired the messenger to inform the
monarch, that, if he wished to have them, he must send sixty
camels to carry the dictionaries alone.
P. iv. 'Sale's Preliminary Discourse, p. 34. D'Herbelot,
87, 589, and 705. Trkhul muslimin, i.e. Historia Saracenica
Thomas Erpenii, p. 193, &c. Preface to Carmen Tograi by
Pocock. Arabic Grammar by the author of this Dictionary, p. 4.
P. v. " By Pliny, Zoroaster is called a Proconnesian; by
Suidas, an Assyrian and Medo-Persian; by others he is styled a
Pamphylian, an Armenian, a Bactrian, an Indian, and a Chinese.
His era is still more wide of possibility than his birth-place: Pliny
(l. 30, c. 1) places him thousands of years before Moses: Her
madorus Platonicus, Hermippus, and Plutarch, 5000 years before
the siege of Troy: Suidas only 500 years before that period:
Eudoxas, 6000 years before the death of Plato (which happened
about 350 B.C.) : Xanthus Lydius, 600 years before Darius
Hystaspes: Justin 1300 years before Sardanapalus: whilst others
fix him in the days of Ninus and Semiramis, who seem to be
equally undefined with himself. Some Eastern writers place
Zardusht 1300 years after the flood; some make him the dis
ciple of Elija or Elisha, others of Ozair, Ezra, or Esdras: some
consider him as Abraham ; others as the usurper Zahhk; and
M. D'Herbelot (from the name Mikhush, which occurs in the
Trkh Muntakhab) conceives him, by a stretch of fancy, to
have been Smerdus Magus. But the greater number make him
cotemporary with Kishtsb, king of Persia; and, consequently,
suppose him to have lived about 500 years before the Christian
era. See also D'Herbelot, p. 932. Hyde, Religio Vet. Pers.
312, 423, 443, et passim. Bryant's Mythology, Vol. II. p. 106,
k
lxvi P R O OF S AND I L L U S T R AT I O N S.

Mr. Jones's History of the Persian Language, subjoined to his him, in the shape of a fly, to have taken possession of the crown
Life of Ndir Shh, p. 157. Chardin, Tom. V. chap. iii. of his head. Ormuzd directs him to wash the part, which would
P. v. ' The Arabic words Dunya, the world; Min din, from drive the fiend between the eye-brows; from thence he is to be
religion; 3amn, time ; Sanat, a year; Malik, a king ; Gha forced, by another ablution, to the back of the head; from that
nam, cattle; Layla, night; Ab, a father; Umm, a mother; Ta to the ear, then to the nose, the mouth, the chin; till at length,
mm, completed; and a variety more occur repeatedly in dif fighting every inch of ground, the poor devil is successively
ferent parts of M. Anquetil's Zend Avesta. The following and driven over every part of the body, till we find him stationed on
similar words could hardly ever have been articulated by a Per the left foot; when Zoroaster thus proceeds in his catechism
sian: Rethvanmtch, Khschetriao, Iarienmfch, Thworeschtara, (what is between parentheses being M. Anquetil's explanatory
Weretregnhetch. For the satisfaction of those who are con interpolations, and not in the original):
versant with the modern Persian, I shall here insert the begin Lorscue l'eau a atteint le dessus du pied gauche oil se retire
&
ning of the Vendidad Sad, with the Latin translation which M. le Daroudj Nesosch; Ormusd repondit: (le Daroudj Nesosch)
Anquetil has annexed, and leave them to determine whether sous la forme d'une mouche se place dessous le pied ; il faut
(one or two modern words excepted) there subsists the least affini le lever, laissant les doigts poser a terre, et laver ainsi le
ty between them. dessous du pied droit. Lorsgue lon a lav le dessous du pied
Penamm Iezdann : Pavan schamh dadar Anhouma: frestoi droit, le Daroudj Nesosch se retire sous le pied gauche.
setnm setm eschem vhou s frorn mezdiesn Zer Lorsgue lon a lav le dessous du pied gauche le Daroudj
thoschtresch videoo Ehor dekescho dt hed dat vi Nesosch, sous la forme d'une mouche, se place dessous les
deo Zerthoschtr eschon eschhrethv iesntch veh doigts. Laissant donc (poser a terre) le dessous du pied, on
maetch kheschnothrtch fresestietch rethvanm ire leve les doigts, et on lave ceux (du pied) droit. Lors']ue l'on
nammtch asnienanmtch mahinanmich iaerienanmtch ser a lav les doigts du pied droit, le Daroudj Nesosch se retire
dnanmtch i.v. kh. f. dj khoschnoumen betha hot pari Sreos sous ceux (du pied) gauche; et lorsqu'on a lav les doigts
chh eschih tokmh tenomanthrh dreschid resch. du pled
pied g
gauche,2 le Daroudi
J Nesosch est renvers (vaincu et
In nomine Dei. in nomine justi judicis Ormusd. effuse precor s'en retourne) du ct du nord, lui qui, sous la forme d'une
animam, effuse precor. puro abundantia 3 ire facio t Ormusd mouche, se place sur (l'homme impur) et le frappe comme le
cultor Zoroastrianus cui adversatur Dew t Ormusd responsum Djodje (chien) des deserts, detruit les productions des Dews
dato huic dad vendi Zoroastri puro sancto magno izeschn (ago) et leurs demeures, &c.
naesch (ago) placere cupio, vota facio. temporibus diebus roi; When the water has reached the top of the left foot, where
gahan, mensibus, roi, gahanbar, annis i. n. p. v. quodcumque does the Daroudj Nesosch retire? Ormusd replied: (the Daroudj
khoschnoumensedens sit lege. T Serosch puro valido corpori Nesosch) under the form of a fly, places himself under the foot;
obedienti gloria (t Ormusd fulgenti). Zend Avesta, Vol. I. it must be raised, letting the toes rest on the ground, and thus
part ii. p. 77. wash the under part of the right foot. When the under part of
The Persian, in point of regularity, is perhaps not to be ex the right foot is washed, the Daroudj Nesosch, retires under the
celled by any language in the world. As one general rule, the left foot. When the under part of the left foot is washed, the
the third person of the present tense ends in 3 d, the only excep Daroudj Nesosch, in the form of a fly, places himself under the
tions, which I can at present recollect, being c-) ast, and toes. Allowing the sole of the foot (to rest upon the ground)
--> hast, he is. In the Zand, on the contrary, the termina the toes must be raised, and those of the right (foot) washed.
tions of this person are irregular to the last degree. I shall men When the toes of the right foot are washed, the Daroudj Nesosch
tion a few examples. Aschti, Enghem, Eoiled, Heet, Beouad, retires under those of the left (foot); and when the toes of the
Il est. Eeneted, Eemetesch, Apeouetee, Il connoit. Djemad, left foot are washed, the Daroudj Nesosch is overthrown (con
Gueteen, Il vient. Djemeet, Il arrive. Djeto, Ghnad, Ilfrappe. quered, and returns) towards the north, he who under the shape
Snes, il frappe; il brle. Veiozoschtao, Il fait. Eschto, Il of a fly places himself upon (the impure man) and strikes him
s'applique. Reso, Il arrange. Guethad, Il saute. Mostemes cho, like the Djodje (dog) of the desert, destroys the productions of
Il meurt.-In which few words, exclusive of the want of simi the Dews and their dwellings, &c. Zend Avesta par M. Anquetil
larity in the penults and antepenults, there are no less than eight du Perron, Vol. I. part ii. p. 341. Can human credulity sup
variations in the final letters. Were it of consequence, many pose this to be the composition of Zoroaster, or of any man who
more could be brought. had pretensions to common sense :
P. vi. " Ormuzd, (Omnipotence) and zoroaster are intro P. vi. " In the preface to the Farhang Jahngiri we are
duced in dialogue. The lawgiver wishes to know how a man informed, that it was not reckoned elegant in the Dari to use
should get rid of a demon called Daroud; Nesosch, supposing syncopes; the following or similar words never being ad
 PRO OF S AND
milled, as;s, (speak thou), 29 raw, (go thou), Jj uzudan,
(to increase), &c. they being always written ;: bag, 22 ba raw,
and w a:udan. The softness of this language, in the opinion
of the Asiatics, may be learnt from a popular saying, reported
by Ibn Fakhru'ddin Anj, author of the above Dictionary,
* That the Dari and the Arabic idioms were the languages of
heaven; God coinmunicating to the angels his milder man
dates in the delicate accents of the first, whilst his stern com
mands were delivered in the rapid utterance of the other.
Bahaman, or Ardeshir Dirzdast, is generally supposed to be
Artaxerxes Macrocheir, or Longimanus. Ardeshir Dirzdast
implies, the strong lion with the long hands; an epithet sup
posed to have been given him on account of the greatness of his
power and the extent of his empire. Bahrm was contemporary
with Theodosius II. emperor of Greece, and is known in Europe
by the name of Varanes or Vararanes.
P. vi. "Ardeshir Bbegn having entertained some doubts
relative to the national religion, ordered the chief priests of the
Magito attend, in order to have them explained; when the king,
on proposing his doubts, delivered himself as follows:
J & Se Jaz
J J c-
** J ej : *** J
2 --
* J *** A G-H
Namayand an baman ta shak zigayhn
Kunam dur wa hadiram dini yazdn
Humi kh'aham ki z'an burhn namyand
Hakikat bar hamah gayhn namyand.
Let them shew it to me, that doubt from the world
I may drive far off, and embrace the religion of God.
I wish that by this decision they would shew
The truth; to all the world shew it.
N.B. *A* hadiram in the second line is either an old word,
now obsolete, or an error; if the last, it may be corrected by
substituting : paziram or : giram, or some such synoni
luous word. See Hyde's Religio Veterum Persarum, p. 18. It
nay be proper to observe, that in the old Persian mode of
writing, every vowel, whether short or long, has a distinct cha
racter.
All the other passages scattered through the Religio, as Old
Persian, are, like the above, simply the modern language in
ancient characters.
P. vii. " It is astonishing to consider the number of mistakes
into which, in the various lines of literature, the best of our Euro
Pean authors are led, by their inattention to the languages and
writings of the East. Mariana, the chief historian of Spain,
when introducing the Arabian conquest of that country, with an
count of the Muhammadan religion, says, Fundador de
ILL U S T RATION S. lxvii
aquella malvada supersticion fue Mahoma Arabe de nacion:
el qual por la mucha prosperidad que tuvo en las guerras, y
por descuydo del emperador Heraclio, se llamo y coron rey
de su nacion, en Damasco, nobilissima ciudad de la Syria, &c.
Wid. Tomo primero, p. 311. The founder of this accursed su
perstition was Muhammad, an Arabian by birth; who, in con
sequence of his great success in war, and the negligence of
the Emperor Heraclius, declared himself king of his nation,
and was crowned in Damascus, the most noble city of Syria.
In an event of some importance to the history of Spain, a Spanish
historian should have been better informed : but Muhammad
never assumed the dignity of king, and never was at Damascus,
nor out of Arabia from the period of his appearance in his pro
phetic character, excepting in the ninth year of the Hijra (A.D.
630), when he advanced no farther than Tabk, half way be
tween Madna and Damascus, and returned after a residence of
only three weeks. Dr. Hyde erroneously places the Persian con
quest under the reign of Othman, A.D. 646. See Religio Vet.
Pers. p. 23. See also Dictionary J sal.
P. vii. *The Prsis of Surat, in their Raavats, or collections
of traditions, have doomed Alexander to the infernal regions;
not for ravaging the country of their ancestors, but for having
committed to the flames the Nusks or sections of the 3and avasta.
Arrian de Exped. lib. iii. and vii. Pliny, lib. xxviii. cap. 2.
For the form of invocation, see Macrobius, in the Secret Things
of Sammonicus Serenus.
P. vii. * See Kurn, chap. ix. The number of manuscripts
supposed to have been burnt exceeded 500,000. They were
distributed as fuel to the keepers of 4,000 public baths. Some,
however, are supposed to have been privately saved.
P. viii. See Hyde's Religio Vet. Pers. p. 458. Porta xiv.
t Sadder. Anquetil du Perron, Vol. I. P. 2, p. 401. Vol. II.
117, 118.
The pretended Latin original of Milton's Paradise Lost, and
the History of Formosa by the Jew Psalmanazar, amongst other
literary forgeries, are well known. Psalmanazar invented even
a language, sufficiently original, copious, and regular, to impose
upon men of very extensive learning.
P. viii. * See Dictionary elex Baghdad.
P. viii. "The Caliph Al Tawi revived in favour of Azadu'd'
dawla the title of sl, Shhinshah, which was borne by the
ancient kings of Persia. See Erpenius's edition of Trkhu'l
muslimin, or Historia Saracenica, p. 237. See also Dictionary,
under am?r.
P. ix. " See Dictionary 4.9 ut. Shh-nmah. Father
Angelo, author of the Gazophylacium Lingute Persarum, who
went a missionary to the East in 1663, says (p. 199), that the lan
guage of the Shh-nmah is considered, in Persia, as the idiom
of their ancient kings and heroes; and that it is still spoken in the
province of Shirvn, near the Caspian Sea, by a people who live
k 2
lxviii P R O OF S AND I L L U S T RATION S.
in tents. This, if authentic, furnishes another strong argument,
that all the difference between the ancient and modern dialects
consists entirely in a diversity of character, and in the present
intermixture of the Arabic.
P. ix. *The Eastern princes seem to have carried their at
tachment to men of genius to a very singular excess; imprisoning
them even when they suspected them of an intention to retire. If
they happened to escape, an embassy with presents and apologies
sometimes followed the men of learning; S 3 and peremptory de
mands were often made, where gentler methods had not the
desired effect: a demand, however, seldom complied with, if the
power of the sovereigns with whom they had taken refuge bore
any proportion to that of their competitors. I shall mention two
examples. Khkn, a celebrated Persian poet of the twelfth
century, was a great favourite with the Sultan of Shirvn; but
becoming at last disgusted with the world, he desired leave to
retire into the religious order of the Dervishes. The Sultan re
fusing him permission, he fled; but was pursued, brought back,
and imprisoned for several months. Here he composed one of
his finest elegies: but he was at length set at liberty, and soon
after obtained leave to put his design in execution.Mahmud,
Sultan of Ghaznah, having invited some men of genius from the
court of his son-in-law, the king of Khrazm, the celebrated
Avicenna, who was of the number, refused to go, and retired to
the capital of the Sultan of Jurjn. Mahmud ordered imme
diately a number of portraits of this great physician to be copied;
and sent them all around, in order to discover his retreat. The
fame of his cures had, in the mean time, reached the Sultan of
Jurjn; who sent for him to visit a favourite nephew, whose ma
lady had perplexed the faculty. A vicenna supposed it to be
concealed love; and, in the idea that the fair object might be
one of the ladies of the king's haram, he desired the chamber
lain to describe the curiosities of the palace, whilst he felt the
prince's pulse. On the mention of a particular apartment, he
perceived an uncommon emotion in his patient; but the naming
of the lady who lived in it entirely removed his doubts. The
sequel is a perfect counterpart of the famous story of Antiochus
and Stratonice : the prince was made happy. The king con
ceiving a great desire to see a physician of such penetrating ge
nius, sent for him; and discovered him the moment he appeared
by one of the portraits which he had received from Sultan Mah
md; but no menaces could induce the king of Jurjn to deliver
him up : he rewarded him, on the contrary, with riches and ho
nours; and protected him, as long as he choosed to continue at
his court, against the all-powerful resentment of that formidable
monarch.
P. ix. * D'Herbelot, Bibliothque Orientale, p. 105, 812,
983. See also the Nigristn.
P. ix. * Amongst many instances of Tamerlane's attention
to the encouragement of literature, he presented Firzabd,
author of an Arabic Dictionary, with five thousand pieces of
gold, as a reward for his industry and learning. See Dic
tionary r. Kamus.
P. x. 21 Many valuable books, of the composition of the last
centuries, may nevertheless be scattered over the East; which
ingenious and learned travellers may in time discover. e
P. x. * Mahmd, Sultan of Ghaznah, invaded Hindstn
al
twelve times; the first was in the year 1000. The Ghawrid
dynasty commenced in 1157, and gave way to the Patans about
the beginning of the thirteenth century. Baber, the great grand
son of Tamerlane, after four invasions, defeated Ibrahim Lodi,
the last emperor of this race, and mounted the throne in the year
1525. The present Great Mogul is his lineal descendant.With
regard to the prevalence of the Arabic and Persian in the Hin
dustni or Moorish, any person conversant with those languages
may be convinced, by running his eye over the vocabularies of
the vulgar dialect, which have been published by Messrs. Hadley
| and Ferguson. In the Sanskrit and Bengali, nothing has indeed
hitherto appeared;* my opinion, in respect to them, is founded,
therefore, upon the number of words which I have occasionally
heard mentioned, as belonging to these idioms, which were, in
fact, Arabic. I shall confine myself to one strong example. In
the trial of the Mahrjah Nuncomar for forgery, before the
supreme court of judicature at Bengal, one of the interpreters,
whose practical knowledge of the Persian and Hindstn lan
guages appears to be uncommonly extensive, being asked by the
court, what word the witness, then examined, made use of to ex
press bond 2 he answers tamassook, which is a Persian word; it
is khat in the Nagree language. But neither -J ta
> cy c
massuk nor las khat are of Persian or Nagree original, being
both adopted from the Arabic. [N. B. in the printed trial im
masook is the word used, which is an error.] It may also be
observed, that many of the witnesses who are examined in the
Moors, in the Nagree, and in the Bengal dialects, use a variety
of Arabic words; 3), 2 & sikkah dawt, a silver ink-standish ;
J- ";-jawab suwal, question and answer, or conversation
(see Trial, p. 53, 54), with many other words which occur in
different parts of the trial. For the manner in which the Ara
bic and Persian are incorporated in the Malay, see Maleisch
Spraakunst (a Dutch grammar of that dialect) by George Hen
rik Werndly. The language of the Turks, it may be here ob
served, is called t:- muwalla, which literally implies a horse, a
bull, or other animal, of different colours, their dialect being a
Imixture of Turkish, Arabic, and Persian. This name, for the
same reason, seems to be also applicable to the languages of
India. Amongst other Arabic and Persian words which I find
technically used in the Code of Gentoo Laws, are (p. 41, 44, 53,
* Several works have appeared, since the first edition of this Dictionary was
published, from both the Sanskrit and Bengal languages.Editor's note to the
second edition,
 PRO OFS AND I L L USTRATIONS.
&c.) .* ayyni shadi, days of marriage. f! ayym is
the plural of the Arabic * /awn, a day; and sell, shd is a
Persian word signifying gladness. Fakir, a religious mendi
cant (p. 40, &c.), is derived from the Arabic root fakar,
Poverly, &c. Haram, a seraglio (p. 79), comes from the root
haram, Forbidden, unlawful, &c. Vakeel, (p. 105), an
agent, administrator, &c. is from the root J% wakal, Commit
ting to another the management of one's affairs. There are
many more, as Masnad, rayats, Ihtimmdr, Shabi trkhi,
&c, it is unnecessary to swell this note with a multitude of ex
amples. These furnish a sufficient ground for inquiry; which,
I am persuaded, the ingenious Mr. Halhed, to whom we are in
debted for the English translation of this Code, will be able fully
to investigate, together with many points of more importance;
as we are with pleasure informed (pref. xxxvii), that he had
been happy enough to become acquainted with a Bramin of
extensive knowledge, who had undertaken to teach him the
Sanskrit language.
P, xi, *and * Though I have taken the liberty of pointing
out what I conceive to be mistakes in some very eminent men;
yet I should be very uncandid, if I did not acknowledge that I
have, at the same time, derived from them much information;
and from none more than Mr. Bryant's Mythology; D'Herbelot's
Bibliothque Orientale, and Dr. Hyde's Religio Veterum Per
sarum. I have often taken the benefit of the researches and
opinions of those and other learned men; and make this general
acknowledgment, where, through haste or inadvertency, I may
have omitted to mention my authorities.
P, xi. * Bryant's Mythology, Vol. I. p. 130, 145, &c.
P. xii. ** and *see this Dissertation, p. xviii, &c.
P. xiii. *and "See this Dissertation, p. vii, viii, xxii, xxiii, &c.
P. xiii, * and * See Dictionary **) at jam.
Pis. See Sir Isaac Newton's Chronology, p. 52 et pas
il. Also Preface to Hist, of Ndir Shh, by W. Jones, Esq.
P. xv. *Ibid.
P. xvi. 35 Kings of Persia according to the Greeks.
Cyaxares the son of Astyages, Artaxerxes Longimanus.
ante Chr. 610. Xerxes II.
Darius the Mede. Sogdianus.
Cyrus. Darius the Bastard.
Cambyses. Artaxerxes Mnemon.
Smerdis Magus. Artaxerxes Ochus.
Darius, the son of Hystaspes. Arses or Arogus.
Xerxes, Darius Codomamnus.
Artabanus.
Alexander, ante Chr. 330.
The above list I have given, as the most authentic, from Sir
Isaac Newton; Herodotus, Xenophon, Pausanias, Justin, and
other historians, differing so remarkably, especially with regard
* names, eras, and acts of the early kings, that, if it was of P. xix. * D'Herbelot says (p. 867), from the authority of
*** importance to reconcile them, it would be impossible. Massd, in a book called Muruju'ddhahab, that those old Per
lxix
Kings of Persia according to the Persians.
Kay Kubd, ante Chr, about Ardeshir or Bahaman.
600, Queen Humay.
Kay Kus. Drb.
Kay Khusraw. Darb II.
Lohorsb. Iskandar or Alexander, ante
Kishtsb. Chr. 330.
The tm5 Coresh of Isaiah, Daniel, &c. will not correspond
with Cyrus, as will be observed hereafter.
See Homer, Od. T. v. 69.
P. xvii. "We dar, a king. --) drb (from J'e dar,
the participle ofele dshtan, to have, possess, &c. and -
ab, water); or perhaps ~99 ye Dr Drb, king Drb;
as dara appears rather to have been a general epithet, like
king, sultan, &c. than the peculiar name of any individual
-
prince. Any argument drawn thence by Sir Isaac Newton and
|
|
others, therefore, that the Persian coins called Darics, current
in Greece and Asia Minor, were coined by Darius the Mede,
after the defeat of Cra'sus ; or, according to some, by Darius
the son of Ilystaspes, seems by no means conclusive, either as to
the date of the coinage, or even the existence of those princes:
as Darics might have been struck by any Dr or king of Per
sia, as the Sultanines might have been coined by any or all of
the Sultns of Egypt. s humy signifies a bird of Para
dise,&c.y Rshana, in Persian, signifies splendour, &c.
and is evidently the Rorana of the Greeks.
P. xvii. * M. D'Herbelot, from this event, and the word
bayzat, derives the bezant or bezantine wedge of gold; and not
from the town of Byzantium, as generally imagined. But this
seems a conjecture too refined to be just. The whole of this
story, as far as relates to Philip, it must be acknowledged, is to
the last degree doubtful; being diametrically in opposition to the
most probable and best supported period of the History of Greece.
Besides, had there ever been a tribute of golden eggs imposed
by the Persians on Philip or any other prince, &\- khyah,
**** murghanah, or some word originally Persian, would have
been used; and not a_i: bayzat, which being Arabic, must only
have been introduced into Persian writings subsequent to the
Arabian conquest. Bibliothque Orient. p. 286 and 318.
P. xviii. * Many of the silver coins of the Ashkniyan kings,
commonly called Parthanians, bore Greek legends. See Father
Erasmus Froelich, in his Elementa Numismata, Tab. xiv. &c.
also Mr. Foster on the Parthian epocha, in the Archaelogia of
the Society of Antiquaries, Vol. III. p. 159. N. B. Arsakus,
this learned gentleman (p. 164) interprets glory of war; but he
produces no authority; and it does not even appear to be a Per
sian word. The name of the founder of this dynasty is named
t Ashak by the Asiatics.
lxx P R O OF S A N D
sian historians had been translated into Arabic by an author
named Ebn Mocanna.
The celebrated Khondemir observes, in the Preface to his
Universal History, That since the age of reason and discern
ment, he had employed his time incessantly in the reading and
research after history, collecting every thing useful and agree
able from the works of the best writers, when having been in
vited by the Amir Ali Shir, to superintend a valuable library,
filled particularly with historians, carefully collected at a great
expence, he had there resolved to digest the labours of his life.
This learned and magnificent prince was governor of Khursn
about the end of the fifteenth century. His noble library was
deposited in the city of Hart.
P. xix. " Nasser, who is also called Al Nodah, brought,
among other things, from Persia, a written romance of the ad
ventures of Rustam and Asfandiyr, See D'Herbelot, p. 664.
See also Kurn, chap. 31. A teller of tales, or reciter of histo
ries, is called in Persian c- miranj.
P. xx. * No people in the world are greater genealogists
than the Arabians, Persians, and Tartars. One book of Arabian
genealogies alone, called ~x" allubub, (i. e. the hearts, or
the purity of the noblesse), exceeds one hundred volumes. See
Dict, c-" ansb. See also --93) afrasiyab, % turk,
and Je saf; and this Dissertation, p. viii. ix. xvi. and xvii.
See D'Herbelot under the different articles mentioned in the
text. See likewise Abu'lghz Khn's Genealogical History of
the Tartars, chap. 11.
Mahmd Sabuktigin, Sultan of Ghazn, the most powerful
prince of the eleventh century, was the son of a Turkish slave.
Though a patron of learned men, he seems to have been an ex
ception to the general rule; at least I have not discovered that
he aimed at a superior origin, or considered the meanness of his
birth as any inconveniency in the government of his empire.
P. xx. * P. xxi. A writer called Hj Khala has given
us a catalogue of Oriental historians, to the amount of above
1300. Even private noblemen have been ambitious of being
known to posterity; and the memoirs of their houses have been
carefully treasured with their archives; a practice which, there
is reason to believe, is still universally continued; as we may
even observe in the discussions relative to the late disputes at
Madras: where frequent reference is made to various public and
private records, in the possession of the great men of Hindustn;
but particularly to a manuscript-history of the family of the pre
sent Nabob of Arcot, compiled by order of his ancestors when
only simple Tartar noblemen. See Letter from Muhammad Ali
Khn, Nabob of Arcot, to the Court of Directors of the East
India Company, p. 17, 20, &c.
P. xxii. Selerus, a Greek general, who assumed the purple
during the reign of the emperor Basilius II. in the tenth century,
took refuge at Bagdad, where he had many private conferences
I L L U S T R AT I O N S.
with Azadu'd'dawlah, king of Persia, and Amiru'l Umar to the
Caliph Al Tay. This prince is also represented as conversing
familiarly with the ambassadors of Nicephorus Phocas. And
an Arabian merchant, whom he had sent to Constantinople as a
private agent, appears to have been so excellent a Grecian, that
he forged in that tongue, and buried, to be dug up at a proper
time, a prophecy of an alliance between the emperor of Greece,
and his master, as king of Persia. A conversation is much ce
lebrated, both by the Greek and Muhammadan writers, between
Sultan Alp Arsln (Amiru'l Umar to the Caliph Al Kim) and
the emperor Diogenes Romanus, whom he defeated and took
prisoner in the eleventh century. The Muhammadan prince
treated his royal captive with uncommon politeness; and set him
at liberty on the promise of about 700,000 of ransom, an an
nual tribute to the Caliphat of 140,000, and his daughter in
marriage to the Sultan's son. As the Vazir Nazm was present
at this interview between Alp Arsln and Romanus, the follow
ing account of it may be considered as more authentic than that
of any historian, European or Asiatic. After some discourse,
& 4.
the Sultan asked the Emperor of Greece, what he should do
with him. The Emperor replied, If you are a butcher,
g
kill me; if a merchant, sell me; and if a prince, set me at li
4
berty, The Sultan had compassion on him, and treated him
g&
with great kindness. Some time after, the army beginning to
&
march back, the Emperor said to the Sultan, I am here a
prisoner; and it is certain the empire will not be long without
a head; for doubtless some other will usurp the government,
and you will then be put to the trouble of marching back to
reduce him. Now that all the passes and strong-holds are as
yet in the hands of my dependants, if you send me home, I
will be one of your tributaries. The Sultan then returned him
in a royal manner; and he yearly paid the stipulated tribute;
and sent besides a quantity of fine cloths of that country as a
present. The misfortunes and death of Romanus, it must be
observed, prevented his paying the whole of his ransom; but Alp
Arsln having afterwards twice defeated the generals of Michael
Ducas, who succeeded Romanus, the tribute agreed to by Ro
manus was continued to be paid by the emperors of Greece for
many years. See also Trikhul Muslim in or Historia Sarace
nica, p. 277. See likewise Newton's Chronology, p. 375. Ge
neral History by Guthry and Gray, Vol. II. p. 195.
P. xxiii. * Nee Newton's Chronology, passim.
P. xxiii. See Mr. Bryant's Mythology, Vol. II. p. 57, &c.
D'Herbelot, p. 455.
P. xxiii. * See Mr. Bryant's Mythology, Vol. II. p. 478 et
seq. Dr. Rutherforth's System of Natural Philosophy, Vol. II.
p. 846. Newton's Chron. p. 84, &c.
Strabo builds for the Argonauts cities in Colchis, Iberia, Ar
menia, Media, along the coast of Sinope on the Euxine; in Crete;
in Italy, on the Adriatic, on the Gulph of Poseidonium, and the
 PRO OFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
Hetrurian isles; on the Propontis, the Hellespont, Lemnos, on
the Ceraunian mountains of Epirus; besides other structures, of
which he speaks with less confidence, on the Celtic coast, at
Cadiz, and even as far as India. Archbishop Usher, Bishop
Cumberland, Dr. Jackson, among other moderns, have consi
dered their expedition as historical truth.
P.xxiv. * 1 Kings, c. xiv. 25, 26. 2 Chron. c. xii. 2, 3,
Newton's Chron. p. 17, et seq. and p. 193, 217, &c. Bryant's
Mythology, Vol. II. p. 86.
P. xv. * Isaiah, c. xliv. 28. c. xlv. 1, &c. Nehemiah,
c. xii. 10, 11. Jeshua, Joaikim, Eliashib, Joaida, Jonathan, Jad
dua; who are expressly said, in v. 22, to be the priests till the
reign of Darius the Persian. Cyrus being never questioned,
uncommon difficulties are found in making the eras coincide.
Darius the Persian, says Sir Isaac, must be Darius Nothus ;
for Darius Nothus we should read Darius Hystaspes; Ar
turerres Mnemon should be Artaxerxes Longimanus ; and Si
meon Justus should be the high priest who met Alexander, and
not Jaddua. See Newton's Chron. p. 358, et seq. By this mode
of alienation and substitution, we may make any thing of anything.
P. xxviii. * Eastern authors sav,
y; that Ardeshir's mother was
of the tribe of Benjamin, and a descendant of Saul; also, that one
of his favourite wives was of the tribe of Judah, and of the line
of Solomon.
The first was the father of Darius, that is, Achsuerus, As
suerus, Arares, Areres, or Cy-averes, &c. Newton's Chron.
p. 308. Merres, Achschirosch, Achs weros, or Oryares, suc
ceeded his father Darius, &c. See. p. 353. Josephus, the Sep
tuagint, and Dr. Hyde, are apparently right with regard to the
prince who married Esther; yet notwithstanding Dr. Hyde's
opinion (Relig, Wet. Pers. p. 43), it is not from the names that
any analogy can be discovered. The king, in the Persian his
torians, supposed to correspond with Artaxerxes Longimanus, is
Ardeshir Dirzdast, or Bahaman, so often mentioned; but ex
cepting the initials, there is not a corresponding letter in the
words; nor any circumstance in sound or sense that can justify
such corruption. Ardeshir, as before observed (p. xxvi), was
a great friend to the Jews; his favourite wife, according to the
Persians, was of that nation; his era and marriage will agree
therefore perfectly well with the Ahasuerus of Scripture; who
must, however, as well as the Jewish captivity, if this conjecture though under Chaldaic and Hebrew disguise; as Esther from
is found to be rational, be brought down about a century lower J- as fatr or *A*- sitrah, a star; es mihman, a stranger or
than the present chronology.
Many words in Persian are written either with or without the yard; J vasht?, a beautiful or excellent woman; 'tji ginzi
a; 24. Askandar or J*- Sikandar, Alex
initial alif or
*der. J Afridun or ey Faridun. ex-3 afshn or ginji, a treasury; and here the learned Bochart (Phaleg. p.
*" or ex~ fishindan, to scatter. 5) agar or 5 gar, if. 2)
abar or A bar, upon. J ashkl or J shakal, a fetter, a
shackle. ashkam or * shikam, the belly, &c. If Khus
*is written with an initial a, it forms Akhusraw. In Hebrew
lxxi
Ahasuerus is winnuns, which, by the difference of pointing (a
mere arbitrary modern innovation, and not in use till many cen
turies after those sacred books were written), may be pronounced
Ahasuerus, Achasuerus, A chosurus, Achasurus, &c. as, es, os,
us, or s, being only Western terminations added to Eastern
names; as Darius from Dr, Sapores from Shapur, Hormisdas
from Hurmuzd, &c. The difference, therefore, between Khus
raw and Ahasuerus appears so simple, and so much in confor
mity with the idiom of the language, that it may rather be called
a provincial variation than a corruption; there being many words
in Scripture, which undeniably mean the same place, written
with a much greater disagreement: the sacred writers, in mat
ters of such trifling import as proper names, appearing always to
have followed the general rule of spelling such words after the
manner in which the Jews then pronounced them. The follow
ing is given as one example: Ararat, the mountain where the
ark rested after the flood, is called by Jeremiah Ararat Minni;
by Amos, Harmunah; the Chaldee paraphrast makes it Armini;
the Samaritan, Hararat; the Vulgate, Armon; and the Sep
tuagint, Remnon. In other places it is written Monah, Mona,
Mini, Miniyas, &c.
See Ezra, chap. iv. 5, 6.
P. xxviii. * Many circumstances in our own times, it may be
here observed, create no wonder, because they are familiar; but
a little attention to them will often save us much trouble. What
different shapes does not the same Christian name assume in the
different nations of Europe; and if we allow such liberties to the
ancients, which unquestionably they took, we shall be no more
surprised at finding the same word differently pronounced by a
Hebrew, a Persian, a Syrian, or a Greek; than by an English
man, a Frenchman, a Spaniard, or an Italian. Could any thing
but positive information induce an Asiatic to believe that the fol
lowing were the same names: John, Joannes, Jean, Juan (pro
nounced also Huan), Ivan, and GiovanniJames, Jacobus,
Jaques, Jago, and GiacomoJoseph and GiuseppGeorge and
Jorje (pronounced also Horhe) William, Gulielmus, Guil
laume, and GuillermoIValter, Gualterus, Gautier, &c.
P. xxix. *See the Dissertation, p. viii, ix, x, and their notes.
There are many names in Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah, which
are undoubtedly Persian; and others which are probably so,
guest; ** mishakh, a vine-branch; y_1. mal-r, a vine
Or gansi, (Esth. c. iii. 9.) seems to be the Persian J*gunji
69) seems to have made a mistake; for he says, Persa hodie
but js kaniz or canz, in Persian, signifies,
dicunt "JD ceni: ;
a girl; and the word denoting a treasury, as above observed, is
exactly the same with that in the Bible : the difference of vowels
lxxii PRO OFS AND ILL U S T R A TI O N S.
being of no consequence; and nothing being more common in
the East, even to this hour, than pronouncing many words writ
ten with zj, as if spelt with 2; as AA-53 fawjdar or fawzdr;
, Gujari, or Guzarat ; e-j- Jangiz Khn or an
giz Khn. Indeed almost every observation which this learned
man has made, with regard to the Persian, evidently shews that
he did not understand it; and there are even some circumstances
which render his knowledge of the Arabic questionable. Ne
hemiae, ii. 8. Din (pardus) paradisus creditur esse Persi
cum. C-29; fardus is, however, an Arabic word, as well
as Hebrew: it is likewise found in the Greek rapa?v;9-; but it
is foreign to the Persian. N.B. The Arabians having no c p,
use <- or -3 instead of it. Bochart's conjectures, with regard
to Pasergarda (which, without necessity, he transposes to
Parasgada, and translates Persian army), Chorsakas, Shatranj,
&c. p. 69 and 253, are also obviously wrong.
P. xxix. * See New System of Ancient Mythology, by Mr.
Bryant. Vol. I. p. 226. I am entirely a stranger to the Persic
& and Arabic languages. See Vol. III. p. 34. In our pro
gress to obtain this knowledge, we must have recourse to the
.. writers of Greece. It is in vain to talk about the Arabian
&.
or Persic literature of modern date, &c.
P. xxix. * See Preface to Vol. I.
P. xxx. "Mr. Bryant says, Vol. III. p. 582. It is said,
&&
that in the Shaster of this people (Gentoos) a like history is
&4
given of the earth being overwhelmed by a deluge, in which
g How shall we reconcile this with the
mankind perished.
following extract from the Preface to the Code of Gentoo laws,
(p. xxxix). For then we at once come to the immediate era
of the Flood, which calamity is never once mentioned in
those Shasters; and which yet we must think infinitely too
remarkable to have been even but slightly spoken of, much
less to have been totally omitted, had it even been known in
that part of the world. The Bramins, indeed, remove this
objection by two assertions: one, that all their Scriptures
were written before the time by us allotted to Noah; the
other, that the Deluge really never took place in Hindostan.
See also Observations on the Apamean Medal, by the Hon.
Daines Barrington, in the Archaeologia of the Society of Anti
quaries, Vol. IV. p. 315.
P. xxxi. " Bryant's Mythology, Vol. I. p. vii. and xv.
P. xxxi. * * The principal of these are, Aur, our, or ; el;
on, a on or e on ; cham, ham, or hama; ait or aith, as, ees, or
is ; san, son, zan, or zaan ; sem-on ; arez; kur, or cur; bel, bal,
or baal; ast, asta, esta, or hestia ; shem, shamen, or shemesh ;
er; tal, &c. Bryant's Mythology, Vol. I. from p. 1 to 127.
Vol. II. 190 and 535. Vol. III. Pref, p. vii. et passim. See
also Dict, xy rujan. J-1 as, J-L asis, and L-- asis-- tas, jja tazs, Jj
P, xxxii. 59 c) altayn, J}) al aur, cre tainu'sh' taxis. See likewise J tish, and C-1 clad as.
sham, A.V. sayid, and xxx satid. See also Mythology, Vol. I.
p. 15 and 16.
See Muallakt Amru'l Kaysi, dist. 87.
- t V. 4) s e-J
Faklat yaminallahi ma lika hilatun,
And she said, By the right hand of God, you shall not be
deceived.
El (properly al) implies likewise, a race, family, &c. in which
sense, as a prefix or an adjunct to the name of the founder, it
may denote any people descended from one common ancestor;
but without marking any particular mode of worship: and we
find it accordingly used often by historians, to distinguish the
families of Eastern princes; as Al Othmn, the house of Oth
man; Al Saljuk, the Seljukian dynasty; Al Changiz, the family
of Changiz. See Dictionary JT -As the Persians generally
add, in pronunciation, a short i to the noun which governs the
genitive, they may be also written in our characters, Al-i Osmn,
&c. N.B. Othmn is the Arabian, and Osman the Persian pro
nunciation of Je usmn. See also Dict. <!!! allh.
P. xxxii. " Aon, in Arabic, it may be observed, signifies
assistance, defender, &c. Elaon might denote, therefore, the
defender ; Ab-el-aon, the father-defender; which, whatever
may have been the true origin, seems a more simple and
unforced etymology, at least, than the interpretations of Sum
mus Sol, and Pater Deus Sol, for which no solid bottom can
apparently be discovered. See Dict. c.32 taven. See Wood
ward on the Wisdom of the Egyptians, in the Archaeologia of
the Society of Antiquaries, Vol. IV. p. 212.
P. xxxiii. " Ham, Mr. Bryant says, Vol. I. p. 3, on the
information of Gale's Court of the Gentiles, signifies the sun in
Persic. The authority is suspicious : I have been able to dis
cover nothing similar to it in that language, and must withhold
my belief. 's him, or hanah, signifies in Arabic, inter
alia, a prince, or chief of a family; and in that sense may
explain the origin of many names: - hammah, implying a
warm bath, or spring, might naturally give appellations to hot
bituminous fountains, without forcing their etymological origin
to the sun, or to the patriarch Ham.
A transposition of radicals is to be found, though it occurs but
seldom ; as z:-- madlj or *** dumluj, bracelets; 3-x."
maghriasat or *** marghusat, confusion, &c.
P. xxxiv. * Mythology, Vol. I. p. 18. See also Dictionary
&T ayat, Hebrew n's ait; J37 sar, and s mah. The Ara
bians, &c. pronounce 3 dh, ds, or th; J and \; dh, dd, d, ds,
dth, all which the Persians sound z. See also Arabic Gram
mar, p. 99.
P. xxxiv. Mythology, Vol. I. p. 26. See also Dictionary
 PRO OFS AND I L L USTRATIONS.
P. xxxiv. *Mythology, Vol. I. p. 24. Vol. II. p. 122, 3,
&c. vjsin, in Arabic, it may not be improper to observe, sig
nifies an idol in general. See also Dictionary J&T zar, Js
azarsan or e-Ji adarsn, and c, barzin.
P. xxv, "Mythology, Vol. I. p. 62 and 225,226. Vol. II.
p.461. Hestia must be from a different root: in Persian J-8
hasti signifies a being, substance, existence, essence ; and in this
sense may have perhaps been used as the name, title, or attribute
of a divinity.
Islakhar ought properly to be speltAst, but by the Arabians
it is in general written j l; whence Dr. Hyde has conceived
the derivation to have been from A* sakhr, Rocks. See Dict,
- ist, c. ist, c-" istdan, e- istdan, and j+ try Mr. Bryant, as well as Bochart, supposes to have been so
khur and 94 kh'ur,
It may be observed, as a general rule, that the Persians, Ara
bians, and Indians, writing without the short vowels, and seldom
in their manuscripts affixing the vowel-points, it is impossible to
reduce them to any fixed standard; the pronunciation of different
kingdoms or districts being, in many respects, distinct from one
another. Where a word is spelt therefore in our characters
ast, est, ist, ost, or usta, it makes, in general, no alteration Heb. his awr, which denote, amongst other significations, fire,
in the sense. Eastern nations have indeed not only a variation in
pronouncing; but much of the apparent discrepance has arisen
from the different powers, which the different nations and indi
viduals of Europe have given to those vowels; and the arbitrary
modes which translators and travellers have laid down for ex
pressing Oriental words in the characters of Europe; there be
inghardly, for example, two gentlemen from India, who, although
sounding the words precisely in the same manner, will not, when
expressing those sounds upon paper, differ remarkably in the
compass of a very few lines. See Arabic Grammar, p. 5, and
Preface to Specimen of Persian Poetry, p. xiii.
It maybe objected to those etymologies, perhaps, that the word
is most commonly written,*; but whilst the authority of the
author of the Farhang Jahngiri, who spells it in the true Per
sian manner Ki-1, appears to be unquestionable on this ground;
when we consider, at the same time, that the character now in
use amongst those Oriental nations had no existence (as observed
above, p. vi.) till the tenth century of our era; and that Istakhar
was founded perhaps two thousand years before that period;
those particular letters, which the Arabians have since chosen to
express that name, can have no more weight in a discussion of
this nature, than advancing the French manner of writing Lon
"re, as an argument that London was an error.
See Mythology, Wol. I. p. 65, 66. Wol. III. Pref. xxviii.
- Hebrew upw. Arabic L--: shams, The sun; ** sham,
Syria; with the article, **) ash'shm or 4!" ash'shamah.
D'Herbelot says, p. 772, that some Eastern geographers derive
the name shim from a wart; because the country is studded over
lxxiii
with a number of small hillocks, resembling those excrescences
on the human face. Black moles on the face have ever been
considered in the East as extremely beautiful; and circumstances
full as whimsical have often given names to places. See also
Dictionary r surf.
See Mythology, Vol. I. p. 6 and 94. The Oriental adjunct
is J- stn or e-listn, the participle of eye-listdan,
c- istadan, ex- istandan or ex-.' istandan, To
stand, reside, dwell, place, fix, &c. whence e- J Moghul
Istan or e-l- Moghulistn (part of Tartary). e-j
Hindustan or e--- Hindustn (India). J-y Frs
istn (Persia), c-j}<- Khz-istn (Susiana). This last coun
named from Chus; but z and s, as before observed, being dis
tinct radicals, and never confounded but by error or vulgarism,
it has a very suspicious bottom: whilst 35+ khz in Persian sig
nifies a nation; and is particularly applied to denote the inha
bitants of this very district.
P. xxxvii. " " P. xxxviii. ** Azer (Vol. I. p. 13) seems
to be the Arabic ) irr; .5) ira'; ), utcar (pl. 2) uewar),
a fire-place, kindling a fire, heat (of the sun, of fire, of thirst,
&c.)Ab (Myth. Vol. I. p. 2) is 38 in Heb. and - ab in
Arab. Father.Ad (p. 23) Mr. Bryant conceives to be a chief,
king, lord; and supposes, when doubled, that adad should im
ply something superlative, as a king of kings; but superlatives
are not so formed in the Eastern dialects; and 9 ad is perfectly
synonymous with ele) add; both, in Arabic, implying victory,
strength, superior power, &c. neither is adda fem. of ad, |..}}
ada or ada' being a different root, signifying assisting, also
increasing in strength, &c. None of those words, at the same
time, appear to signify one, according to Macrobius; not first,
agreeable to Mr. Bryant's conjecture. &c tad and exe tadad,
from another root, denote number in general; and c & aduw
(pl. |Ac" aeda) signifies an enemy : in all which senses we can
see sufficient presumption for the formation of proper names and
for their being figuratively applied to chiefs or conquerors, to
friends as well as foes.Our learned author next objects (p.25)
the derivation of Adam, adama, adamana, and other similar
names, &c. from the Hebrew DTN or the Arabic **) Adam,
wishing to support the Cuthites, by tracing such places to Ad
dam, which he translates Lord Ham : but whilst ad does not
appear to signify a lord; whilst the veneration paid to Ham is
by no means proved; and whilst the texture of the Oriental
languages, as above observed (p. xxxvi), will not allow the
dropping of the medial h, we can see no ground for departing
from the above roots; which not only denote the father of man
kind, but man in general, a chief, a concord, society, &c. which
are, unquestionably, etymological grounds of superior strength
l
 lxxiv. PR O OFS AND
to that which he proposesSemon, he says (p. 38), signifies
calestis sol; but it appears to be simply the Arabic V. sam,
or the Persian J- samn or c-f asman, Heaven, without
any particular reference to the sun. Di or dio, a deity (p. 38),
appears to have some analogy to the Persian 23 pronounced
dio, diu, div, or diw, which implies supernatural being, a de
mon, a genie, &c.Kur (p. 39) appears to be the Persian A
or j := - kh'ur, the sun.-Cohen or Kahen, he says (p. 40), ap
pear to have been pronounced Cahen and Chan, to have signified
a priest, and also lord or princee kohn, kohan or kohun,
in Persian, and c's kahin Arab. (pl. & kahanat or kahanah,
and J' kuhhn) signify a priest, soothsayer, augur, &c. But
the word which denotes a prince is from a different root, being
written e- khan, the name by which emperors of Tartary and
other Eastern princes have been generally known. As for Ko
nah, the title of Moses, it differs from both, being the Hebrew
TpBel, Bal, Baal (p. 45); J batl in Arabic signifies a
lord, a master, &c. which appears to be the true meaning of
this Babylonish idol's name; and no proof is brought of its being
in any shape the particular representative of the sun.T.A. aran
or karn (p. 46) signifies, in Arabic, a horn; ey karan denotes
also junction in general; and ey kirn, a happy conjunction
of the planets : it is also an epithet synonymous to Felic or
Augustus : hence JA --~~~ sahib-kiran has been a royal
title adopted by many Oriental princes, especially by Tamerlane
and by Shh Jahn the Great Mogul (see Dict, p. 840).-
s 2 'l Karnayn was also a title given to the two Alex
anders, or Kay Kubd and Alexander the Great (see Dict.
J*- Sikandar). Craneus or Carneus, which Mr. Bryant
mentions as titles of the sun, may possibly be merely the Greek
termination added to JA karan or giran, &\; karanah or gi
ranah, which, in Persian, mean great, grand, eralted, excel
lent; epithets naturally applicable by the Persians to that splen
did body, which was so long the chief ostensible object of their
worship.Oph, a serpent (p. 49), may perhaps be analogous to
the Arabic J affa or aaki, A viper; whilst awb signi
fies, in Persian, a large serpent, or the Python ; and abadir,
which he interprets the serpent deity, may possibly be the Per
sian Je ~ awb adar, signifying a fiery serpent.Ain, a foun
tain (p. 51), is the Arabic cc &aynUnder this article a note
occurs (p. 56) relative to Damascus, which is a further proof
how much a resemblance of sounds may mislead where there is
no radical knowledge. He says, Damasec is the city of the
prince; but whilst it is impossible to make a city of Dam or Ad
ham, ** shaykh, A prince, &c. is a root widely differing from
the terminating syllable of C-c Damshak, the common way
of writing Damascus (see Dict.)Phi or fi (p. 89), 3 fi, in
Arabic, signifies the mouth ; it is the genitive of 33 fu or s
phh; but it is also used in the nominative; whence c- .# phi
I LLU S T R ATIONS.
taini or phi-tainin may imply, the mouth of a fountain. I
should much doubt, however, if Pharaoh can have any relation
to this particle. exer; Phirawn, in Arabic, signifies a croco
dile; and the people of Egypt are called by them z exe;
Phirawn-Kawmi, The people of the crocodile. it signifies
also, metaphorically, a tyrant; but whether this meaning took
its origin from the voraciousness of the animal, or the animal
was so named from the brutality of the prince, it may be difficult
to determine. Some learned men, it may be observed, however,
have doubted whether this word was ever adopted by the Egyp
tian kings, or applied by their subjects; considering it merely
as a name of contempt, bestowed on them by neighbouring na
tions. Phial seems to be the Persian <! piylah (it being
common with the Arabians and other nations to change the Per
sian p into ph, as C-y phars for c'. prs, Persia; J; phil
for Jr. pil, An elephant, &c. Piyalah signifies a phial, a cup,
and also a large vessel; and hence may imply any subterraneous
bason into which a river might discharge itselfAi, and aia (p.
90), may perhaps be the Arabic s' aya and s, awa, which
denotes a mansion, dicelling, place of rest, settlement, or resi
dence ; and, in that sense, may apply to the combination of
Aigupt, the dwelling of the Copts or Egyptians. With regard
to Athenai, Thebai, &c. I should hardly suppose that these had
any connexion with the East, being mere Greek inflections. In
which light I should likewise view Roma, Etna (which he in
terprets the country of Rom, of Etn, &c.), as I think it rather
refining too much upon derivation to search for occult Asiatic
meanings from mere Grecian and Roman terminations; which
are so perfectly consonant to the texture of the Greek and Latin
tongues. As to India, which upon this etymology he would
translate the country of Ind, it certainly was never known in
that quarter of the world, the original word being & hind, an
Indian, or the Indian nation; six-s hindi, or 2.xls hindu, Indian,
belonging to India, &c. e---> II industan or J-y
Hindustan, the country of the Indians.Macar, which (p. 67)
he says is a sacred Amonian title, and gives names in consequence
to many places, appears to be simply the Arabic Ji makurr,
which denotes a place of residence, a habitation, &c. Makarrun
is the same word, either in the plural, or pronounced with the
nunnation. (In reading the Kurn and other books in the so
lemn style, un is often the termination of the nominative case,
in of the genitive or dative, and an of the accusative; which, in
common reading or conversation, is generally dropt: this is what
Arabic grammarians call nunnation. (See Arab. Gramm, p.
33, &c.) The ancient Gedrosia is now named Mocran. Me
lech (p. 70) is Hebrew and Arabic for a king, and also an
angel ; as Tp and -- malak or clur malak; and 34.
malakah or malakat, a queen.Anak (p. 72) seems to be ana
logous to the Arabic c-c tunak (pl. Ju- atnk), which
|
 PR O OFS AND I LL U S T R ATIONS. lxxv

denote princes, chiefs, tall men, &c.Sar or zar (p. 73), sir tradition, and long after Muhammad, to surround the world. It
or sar, in Persian, signifies the head, summit, chief, principal, became therefore the subject of much fable, and of perpetual
&c, and is one of the most common compounds in the language; allusion; every hill or promontory, which their writers meant to
as Jr- sar-dr, a general, or chief; J.-- sar-khayl, the distinguish (like Alps or Alpine with us), being called Kf or
commander of a troop , Ji-y- sar-kh'ur, the master of the Kph. Caph-el, Caph-ar, and Caph-arez, may therefore be
horse, &c. Placed after nounsj. sr denotes magnitude, mul interpreted the mount of God, the volcano or mountain of fire,
titude, and similitude ; as M-95 kh-sr, a large mountain, or the hill of the world, &c. J, arz, amongst many significa
mountainous country; M-4 bargsar, full of leaves; J- s tions, denoting the world; without having seemingly any refe
rence to the sun; which, in a variety of places, Mr. Bryant lays
shh-sr, royal, like a king. U- sr, means pure, excellent,
&c. !- sar is a palace ; ); zar is an adjunct expressive of
down as an undisputed fact, but without supporting it by the
least satisfactory authority.Beth is the Hebrew n'H, the Arabic
place, especially where there is a great quantity of any thing, as being c-w bayt : they both signify a house, temple, &c. cu
j, lilah-zr, a bed of tulips; JJ guksr, a rose-garden. abad is Persian, and implies a place of residence. 25 kaw (p.
ar signifies gold; Jj zar-sn, golden. A variety of other 98), in Persian, means a hollow low ground, or any ercava
meanings may be given of those words; which, in their natural, tion ; whence it might be applied to a house in a bottom, a ca
unforced senses, will denote dignity, quality, or situation, with vern, or any thing similar; it also denotes magnificent, venera
out having recourse to the figurative signification of a rock, ble, great, strong, warlike, powerful. Gaw signifies likewise
which is doubtful and unconvincing. It may also be observed the sun, with a variety of other meanings; see Dictionary.
in general, that all Persian nouns (with very few exceptions), Thaman, which (Vol. III. p. 10) he says signified eight, in the
when applied to any thing having life, form their plurals in an ; ancient language of the country round Mount Ararat, where the
so that combinations of titles, such as sar-n, sar-on, &c. are ark is supposed to have rested, is merely the Arabic es tha
easily deducible from the same roots, without any compound, or man; and caman or saman seems to be only that variation of
adjunct.Air (p. 92). J.' ayr, in Arabic, denotes the north and sound, given by the Persians and other nations to the initial
the east; also a scorching wind; it signifies likewise a hard Arabic - t'h, which they cannot pronounce: this renders it
stone, cotton, &c. From another root, Je tayr means a ca quite unnecessary, therefore, to alter Cemainum or Shemainum,
ravan, a chief, a prince, &c. !, ara implies honey, sweet, as he proposes in the following page. There appears likewise
dew, manna, (and, as well as ar, ir, or) fire, heat, &c. Ara in a mistaken conjecture (p. 12) relative to the city of Tabriz or
Persian expresses adorning, beautifying, ornament, &c. all Tauris (the capital of the country called Adherbijan or Aser
which senses may easily be supposed to have entered into the bijan), part of the Armenia and Media of the Greeks, which,
composition of many names of places; as the accident of situa he says, is named likewise Albors or Albaris. This he imagines
tion, elegance of buildings, the produce of the soil, or a respect to be a contraction of Tabaris or Tavaris ; but the first is ap
for their chiefs, might suggest. The same idea may be like parently Arabic, the other Persian: C-2 birs and J2, baras
wise adopted with regard to 25 kir, G kr, 253 kir, &c. which, in Arabic have a great variety of meanings; the last, inter alia,
in Arabic, signify bitumen, pitch, camels, &c. Kar, kr, krat, signifying leprosy ; and with the Arabic article prefixed, Jer"
kirat, &c. a hill, a large stone, a tract of stony country, cotton, al burs, implies the moon, from the spotted appearance of her
&c. J kar, in Persian, denotes art, commerce, &c. whence disk. Jr Tabrzz or A29 Tabriz, is the name by which this

we may easily suppose the country of bitumen, cotton, or camels,
the castle on the hill, the city of commerce, the rocky region,
&c. &c.Col, cal, caleb, &c. (p. 93) may be different modes of
pronouncing the Arabic t kalat or &xi; kalaat, (pl. 3 ki
"t) which imply castles, towers, &c. especially on the tops of
"ountains or high grounds- kullat, (pl. J kulal) Arab.
is a hill---- gib (p. 94) in Arabic denotes a mountainous
"ntry, which is also expressed by U-- gibl; whence comes
Gibraltar.ju tr, in Persian, is the summit or ridge of a
mountain, &c. and J tur, in Arabic, is generally used to ex
P"*Mount Sinai.-Caph, &c. (p. 95) which is interpreted a
rock, promontory, &c. has every appearance of being that fa
bulous mountain -j Kf (see Dictionary), which the Arabians,
***, and other Eastern nations have supposed, beyond all
place is generally known; and is conjectured to have been given
on account of that healthiness of situation, for which it has been
much remarked; the first word implying dispersing a fever, or
resisting an infection : though it is not impossible, as this coun
try was anciently famous for the adoration of fire, that the name
should have an allusion to that circumstance; for ju tab-ruz
may be interpreted scattering heat, diffusing splendour, &c.
*:S c) alburs kh (the mountain Albors) is celebrated by
Firdawsi : and it is mentioned, by Ali Yazdi, 1.3, c. 57, of his
life of Tamerlane; but that is evidently Caucasus, and not the
place here referred to.
The difficulty, if unacquainted with the languages, of discover
ing the analogy of Eastern words by the eye or the ear, will evi
dently appear from a few examples. 3) (Arz or urz) in Arabic
l 2
lxxvi. PRO OFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS.
signifies a pine, or any cone-bearing tree; a chief; robust;
cold, &c.; (in Persian) price, value, quantity, esteem, honour.
J (arz, araz, or aradh, Arab.) signifies the earth; Jye (tar,
&c.) apresent; an accident; desire ; plunder; an army; mer
chandize, &c.C-ye (taris) astonished; a spouse; wedlock.
Jere (taris) cheerfulJ (arish) a quarrel, a mulct for man
slaughter. Cye (earsh) a throne-J (batal) cutting, sepa
rating-J (batal) a champion; heroic ; with numbers of
others which might be easily adducedWhilst Jla as (Mus
tafa') excellent, selected, is derived from the root C- (safi) of
the same signification.--~~" (Muhammad) deserving great
praise; 34-" (Ahmad) more praiseworthy. cs (Mumad
dah) or t." (Mamduh) praised, celebrated; and 2-,-,-,
(Mamduht) celebrated things, are all brought from A^-
(hamd) praiseMa) (ansr) defenders (i. e. the citizens of
Madina, who supported Muhammad). Ja (Almansur)
assisted, defended, celebrated for victories, august, ra.--
(Mustansir) Who implores or receives assistance, (names of two
Caliphs) come from the radical raj (nasr) Victory, defence, as
sistance.
Since writing the above, I have seen a Review of Mr. Bryant's
Mythology, printed at Amsterdam: in which the authors appear
to have greatly mistaken that learned gentleman's system; and
to have expressed themselves, at the same time, with an indecent
petulance, which, for the honour of learning, it were to be wished
might never accompany a difference of opinion. If they will
turn to his Preface to Vol. I. of the Mythology, p. xiv. they will
read, The mistakes of the Greeks in respect to ancient terms,
which they strangely perverted, will be exhibited in many in
stances; and much true history will be ascertained from a de
tection of this peculiar misapplication. Many other passages
clearly explain his plan; and one of his chief objects is thence to
develope ancient mythology from the obscurity in which the
Greeks had involved it, by corrupting the channels of derivation.
He endeavours to penetrate, therefore, to the fountain-head of lan
of the Decline of the Roman Empire, by Edw. Gibbon, Pq.
p. 246.
P. xxxix. 7 Olaus Wormius Liter. Runic, cap. 20. Bar
tholin Antiq. Dania, lib. ii. cap. 8. lib. 2. cap. 2. Lazius de
Gent. Migrat. 1. x, fol. 573 and 1600.-Olaus Rudbeck, cap. v.
sect. 2. Crymogaea Arngrim. Jon, lib. i. cap. 4. Mallet In
troduction lHistoire de Dannemarc, Tom. ii. p. 9, &c. The
Venerable Bede. And Johann. Ihre, Glossarium Suiogothicum,
voce Oden, &c.
See preface to Alfred's Saxon Orosius.
P. xli. 7 74-Mallet. Hist. Dannem. c. ii. Preface to Alfred's
Saxon Orosius, by Spelman. Wit. Alfredi Spelm. Append. vi.
Among the Tartar, or more properly Tatar nations, who,
with some similar features, have, at the same time, in many
points, a diversity of character, are the Moguls, Calmaks or
Aluths, the Atracks or Turks, the Turkmans, the Usbecs, the
Canghelis or Kanklis, Cazelaks, Tamgages, Kipchaks, Crims,
Sartes, the inhabitants of Bokhara, Khata or Khoten, Toncat
or Tangut, and Thibet, the Telanguts, Tumats, Virats, Cata
guns, &c.
P. xlii. 7 7 77 Les Arabes et les Tartares sont des peuples
pasteurs. Les Arabes se trouvent dans les cas gnraux dont
nous avons parl, et sont libres; au lieu que les Tartares (peuple
le plus singulier de la terre) se trouvent dans l'esclavage poli
tique.-Ils n'ont point de villes, ils n'ont point de forts, ils ont
peu de marais, leurs rivires sont presque toujours glaces, ils
habitent une immense plaine, &c. LEsprit des Lois, liv. xviii.
ch. 19.
P. xlii. P. xliii. See Sir W. Blackstone's Commentaries,
Book ii. ch. iv. LEsprit des Lois, lib. xxx. ch. i. Dr. Robert
son's Charles V. Vol. i. p. 15, 255, et seq. Millar on the Distinc
tion of Ranks in Society, ch. iv. Voltaire Essai sur lHistoire G
nrale, ch. xxiii. Sir John Dalrymple's Feudal System. Spelman
on Feuds. Wright on Tenures. Gravina Orig. lib. i. 139.

guage, of which he considers the Greek to be only a remote
stream. His ideas, on this ground, are judicious; and he wanted
only a knowledge of Eastern learning, to have made many curious
and interesting discoveries. With what propriety, then, can
those gentlemen triumph, and question Mr. Bryant's knowledge
of the Greek, when he professedly goes to a higher origin
for his etymologies : Where is the justice of the following
among many similar criticisms, Apntw Apollo falso sit ex Apha,
ignis, et torturris; cum secundum certissimas linguae rationes
ab apinal oriatur? Where is the decency of Cum ubique in
Bryantio temeritatis novitatem miraremur, excogitare tamen
non potuimus quis eum stupor tenuerit, cum haec scriberet?
(p. 68.)
P. xxxviii. 70 See I. Dissertation prefixed to History of Eng
lish Poetry, by the Rev. Mr. Warton-See also The History
Crag. Du Caange, voce Feudum, &c.
P. xliv, * A fief in Persian is called % Balk, being
described as a tract of country which a subject obtains by gift
from the prince, by purchase, or by succession, and holds for
military service. J- Siyurghal, signifies also a feudal
tenure. A feudatory chief or military tenant is called J
sipahi.-In Arabic $3's Vakhzat and isla; katitat are gene
rally understood as fiefs: the first implying the receiving of lands
from a chief; and the other expressing the cutting off a certain
district from a greater, and giving it to a subject on certain
conditions. As these words may, however, refer also to
copyholds or farms, nothing conclusive can be drawn from
them alone. &le; zigmat in Arabic denotes also a fief be
stowed for military services; and **) zatim from the same root,
a feudal chief, or military tenant. ^\e r nafir-i tam implies,
 PRO OF S AND ILL U S T RATION S.
a general summons of nobles to take the field with their military
vassals,
See Dictionary 3's Kw, ex, Faridun, **) Rustam,
--); Afrsyb, j-i-Asfandyr, A. Sikandar. See
also Khondemir, Tarikh muntakhab, Shh-nmah, &c.
See Pocock Specimen Hist. Arab. p. 65,66, 74. Novairi's Hist.
of the Himyarit Kings, &c.
s-ca, Trikhul muslimin, or the History of the Sa
racens, p. 135. D'Herbelot, p. 1017.
P. liv, * See Khondemir, Sharfu'd'din Ali Yazdi's Life of
Tamerlane; Abu'l Pharaje Dyn. 10. D'Herbelot passim, &c.
P. xlv. *The number nine has been long in great venera
tion among the Tartars. All presents made to their princes con
sist, in general, of nine of each article. At all their feasts this
number and its combinations are always attended to in their
dishes of meat, and in their skins of wine or other liquors. At
one entertainment, mentioned by the Tartar king, Abu'l ghz
Khn, there were nine thousand sheep, nine hundred horses,
and ninety-nine vessels of brandy, &c. Even the roving Tar
tars rob the caravans by this rule; and will rather take nine of
anything than a greater number. Abu'l ghz Khn, in the pre
face to his history, says, I have divided it into nine parts,
to conform myself to the custom of other writers, who all
have this number in particular esteem. It appears to have
been likewise a favourite mysterious number amongst the Goths.
We are told, that every nine years there was a solemn festival,
when nine animals of every species were sacrificed to their
gods. Oden, they say, resolving to die as a warrior before
the approach of age and infirmity, called a general assembly
of the Goths, and wounded himself in nine mortal places. See
Adam of Bremen in Grotii Prolegomenis, p. 104. Mallet, In
troduction lHistoire de Dannemarc.
P. xlv. The resemblance of the Tartar and European diets
seems, indeed, to have struck Voltaire: Il parait que les Kans
" Tartares taient en usage dassembler des Dites wers le prin
tems: ces Dites s'appelaient Courilt. Eh! qui sait si ces
" assembles et nos Cours Plnieres, au mois de Mars et de Mai,
n'ont pas une origine commune " Essai sur lHistoire Gn
rle, ch. xlviii-Ab'l Pharaje, p. 466, calls this Great Council
s Kurillay or ** Katriltiy. Ali Yazdi, in his
Life of Tamerlane, writes it v; krltay. See a magnifi
cent description of one, chap. 3. In the Khrasmian dialect it is
w krillan.
P. lvi, * Blackstone's Commentaries, Vol. II. p. 83.
P. lvi. 867 P. xlvii. 88 Sdi, a Persian moral writer of
preface to his Bostn, making an eulogium
the first class, in the
* Providence, says, with much seriousness, that Omnipotence
had provided so liberally for the nourishment of all his crea
tures, that even the Simurgh finds on the mountain of Kf
lxxvii
sufficient for her sustenance, notwithstanding her immeasurable
size. See Dictionary *** Simurgh, i.e. tank, and -3G
Kf:
In many parts of the East they strongly perfume the bodies of
the dead, that the demons may not approach them.
P. xlvii. *See Dict. : Pari; :- Dire; e- Sulay
man; r Shadukan ; s cl bdiytul jinn; el
e- c Jn bin Jan. Angelo says, that the Sabians make a
creation 370, 340 years before the Christian era. See Gazophy
lacium Lingua Persarum, p. 361.---> Haris, signifies a
guardian, governor, or protector; but on his fall his name was
changed to \" Ib, the refractory; U-4) Iblis, the desperate;
and Ja Shaytan, the proud.-Many of the ideas relative to
Kafare even adopted in the Kurn; they were the general
belief in the days of Muhammad; and it was not till geography
became better understood in the East, that they discovered the
several divisions of Kf to be Caucasus, Imaus, Atlas, and other
mountains in Asia and Africa.-The Paris are by some writers
supposed to be all females, and the Diws males: but without
having any communication; each having the separate power of
continuing their species: yet, in the Tahmras-nmah, we find
the brothers of the Pari-marjn; and the Kaharman-nmah
mentions often the kings of Shadakam.
P. xlviii. *The most famous talismans, which rendered them
proof againt the arms and magic of the Dives, were the J-A-
muhr-i Sulayman, or the seal of Sulayman Jarad, the fifth mo
narch of the world; which gave to its possessor the command of
elements, demons, and of every created thing. The x- Sipar,
or buckler of Jan bin Jan, more famous in the East than
the shield of Achilles among the Greeks. The 4- Jabah, or
the impenetrable cuirass; and the U-7 t tgh-i atish, or
the flaming sword. Among the dreadful creatures of the ima
gination, which winged the heroes of Persia from region to
region, were the Rakshah, whose ordinary food was serpents
and dragons. He had long rendered the Dry Island inacces
sible, till subdued by Hoshang, king of Persia, or by his
father Saymak Shh, who tamed, and mounted him in all their
wars with the Dws. The Suham had the head of a horse
with four eyes, and the body of a flame-coloured dragon; he
was conquered by a famous Persian warrior called Sam Na
rimn. The Awrnbd is described as a fierce flying hydra.
The Ajdar, ajdar, or ajdah, are dragons of different kinds.
The Sil appears to be the basilisk, having a face somewhat
human, the sight of which makes every creature to fly; the
near approach being certain death. See Dictionary als suham,
Jyj) awrnbd, , rakshah, J- ajdar, J ajdar, \s
ajdah, Je sil.
The present made by the Simurgh of her feathers to Tah
mras, according to Eastern writers, gave rise to the fashion
lxxviii P R O OF S AND I L L U S T R AT I O N S.
of plumed helmetsThis prince was surnamed Banivand,
armed at all points; and Diw-band, chainer of Dives. Marjan
signifies a pearl.
See Shh-nmahe c-, -e-...}} ~~~~);-Khn-i shabrik, a tree of which they make amulets for the same pur
shashum, wa kushtani Rustam Arjang Diw, the sixth adventure,
and the slaughter of the Diw Arjang by Rustam. In the next
is his combat with the Az-, .329 Dw-i Saped (white Dew). Fir
daws7, who may be called the Homer of Persia, employed thirty
years in the composition of this work. He died at an advanced
age, in the year 1018. See also Gazophylacium Ling. Pers.
p. 127.
P. xlviii. P. xlix. * See Dissertations prefixed to the
Rev. Mr. Warton's History of English Poetry; and Observations
on the Faery Queen, p. 63.-In the Persian Romances, we find
nations with the heads of fish, dragons, &c. as Js 2- sar-i
mhi, Syl J. sar-i ajdah. We have also the 2. *: nim-sar,
the half-heads; and * Je duwal-pay, the leather-strap legs.
But one of the most singular creatures is the j- nim-jurah
or j- * nim-chihr ; which is supposed to be the human figure
split in two; the male being the right half, and the female the
left: they have, of consequence, half a face, one eye, one arm,
and one foot, on which they run with incredible swiftness; and
are imagined to be very dangerous and cruel-J tinnin,
e sutbn, and other Arabic words used to denote dragons,
are only, radically, large serpents. \e tanka, signifies an
eagle, length of neck, &c. from the root c-c tunk, a neck.
3, a gifrit, a cruel or dangerous man, from the root Jc
afr; hence a giant, genie, demon, &c.-J: Ghul, any thing
terrifying, which suddenly deprives people of their senses.
g-Jinn, a demon, a spirit. This root signifies, inter alia,
covering, being concealed, interior, dark. See ea jn and
cy---Junin.
P. xlix. * See Dictionary sle mh.
P. xlix. * P. l. * Father Angelo observes that magic is
an art publicly taught by the Persians and Arabians. He knew
a rich enchanter of Bassora, a man much respected; whose
scholars were so numerous, that they possessed one entire quarter
of the city. At the sound of a certain drum, accompanied by a
kind of chant, they became, like demoniacs, suddenly inspired
with a real or affected phrenzy; during which they devoured
fire publicly in the streets. This is a trick not uncommon with
European jugglers. These magicians, by way of distinction,
wore their hair very long. See Gazophylacium Lingua Persa
rum, p. 155. Angelo went missionary to the East in 1663. See
also Hyde's Religio Veterum Persarum, cap. 18 and 19.
P. li. *The words expressive of talismans, amulets, fascina
tion, and spells, are very numerous both in Persian and Arabic.
I shall mention a few; 3,23 nushrat, an amulet for preventing or
curing insanity, or other malady; 4.5 kabalah, a philtre by which
necromancers pretend to reconcile enemies; ;= ghajghw or
>\xs ghajghw, tufts made of the hair of sea-cows, and hung
round the necks of horses, to defend them from fascination. J.
pose. *je aximat, an amulet, incantation, or spell against
serpents, disease, or other evil. &\}- sulwanat, shells, rings, or
beads used as amulets. e':- sulwn, denotes water poured from
a kind of shell or upon earth taken from the grave of a dead man,
which they drink to the health of a person, as a cure for love, or
any severe affliction. &la= &alfat, small beads hung by women
round their necks, as a charm to gain the affections of their lovers.
3,5- takurat, a spherical amulet, worn by some women round
their waists, to prevent pregnancy; and by others to favour a
conception. $3- ukhsat, an amulet in form of a knot, which
women wear to keep their husbands faithful. c- mirang,
e - nirak, J-hamil, x taewis, r mi-kd,
mutammim,j ghaz, j = kharas, Js kahal, &- wajihat,
-- rath, &l=5A kirzahlat, S matwis, signify amulets
made of shells, beads, tufts of wool or hair, dead men's bones,
* naju, c-s farhast, Jy raki, *, * shuh, &lax, luetat,
&c.
3A masrat, &c. imply fascination, or malignant eyes. 9->
kharchrah, is an ass's head placed upon a pole in a garden, &c.
to guard it against fascination.
The following account of the discovery of hidden treasure is
given by the vazir Nazm.A prince, named Amir Ismael, in
the beginning of the tenth century, having defeated another
chief, called Amr Lays, who was supposed to be very rich,
search was made for his treasure, but in vain. One of the Amir's
female slaves accidentally undressing to bathe on the terrace of
the palace, having laid down her girdle, set with large rubies,
on a white cloth; a hungry kite observing it, and supposing the
red stones to be bits of meat, pounced upon the girdle and
carried it off. The damsel instantly gave the alarm to the guard;
and a number of horsemen were despatched to keep the kite in
view, who dropt it after a long pursuit, when it fell into a well.
A man was immediately let down, who discovered in the side of
it a large cavity, where a vast number of chests had been
lodged, which proved to have been the very treasure the Amir
had been so long in quest of, to the amount of about 4,000,000 l.
sterling.Burying treasure is also common among the Tartars;
and sheets of gold, jewels, and rich moveables, are often interred
along with the chiefs and their wives. See Ab'l ghazi Khn's
History; also Archaeologia of the Society of Antiquaries, Vol. II.
p. 222.
P. li. "The ancient Persians durst not, by their religion,
extinguish fire with water, but endeavoured to smother it with
earth, stones, or any thing similar. This method would not soon
extinguish a blazing forest.-The Parsis of Guzerat are still
 PRO OF S AND I L I, U S T R A TI O N S. lxxix

guided by the same hurtful superstition. See Anquetil's Zend
Avesta, Vol. I. p. 567. -
P. ii. * See Dictionary 2\,, mh.
P. iii. * J 4-5 ksah-nishin signifies the beardless
old man sitting or mounted. During the time of the Muham
madan Sultans of Persia, this ceremony was called in Arabic
& ~}} rukubu'l kawsaj, the procession of Kawsaj, which
is synonymousD'Herbelot observes, that a burlesque farce
somewhat resembling this was anciently customary in Italy
about the middle of Lent.-September in Persia is named Mihr,
the angel supposed to superintend the orb of the sun; and the
16th day of every month is also called Mihr : in consequence of
which, they imagined, that the horn of an ox (a creature sacred
to the sun) killed on that day must be impregnated with extra
ordinary anti-demoniacal virtues.-M. Anquetil says, that the
Parsis always carry about them papers so prepared, as a defence
against the Diws, and a preservative from every distemper of
body and mind. Zend Avesta, Vol. II. p. 113.
*}} <y nawishta-i kajdum or ^*}} 3x3) rukta-i kajdum,
scorpion-spells. - most barbarous state of ignorance, was not repealed till the
JA r mard-girn, taking or commanding men. The
author of the Farhang Jahngiri makes this festival to have
continued during the five last days of this month; but others
confine it to the fifth. At different periods, and in different
provinces, both customs might have been respectively adopt
ordinary course of nature. All which were anciently punished
as heretics by sentence of the Ecclesiastical courts, and burnt
by the writ De heretico comburendo. See lib. 1. p. 5. By the
Common Law, they could only be pilloried, 3 Inst. 44. H. P. C.
38. But by Stat. 1 James I, c. 12, these offenders are divided
into two degrees: those of the first degree, with their acces
saries before the fact, suffering as felons without benefit of
clergy. These are of four kinds: 1. Such as shall use any
invocation or conjuration of any evil spirit. 2. That consult,
&4
covenant with, entertain, employ, or reward any evil spirit,
to any intent. 3. As take up any dead person's body, or any
part thereof, to be used in any manner of witchcraft, 4. Or
that exercise any manner of witchcraft, enchantment, charm,
or sorcery, whereby any person shall be killed, destroyed,
consumed, or lamed in his body or any part thereof. And
though a spirit doth not actually appear upon invocation, &c.
or though a dead person, or part of it, be taken up to be used,
and not actually used ; they are still within the statute.This
law, which would disgrace the most stupid of nations in the
9th Geo. II. If we keep such circumstances in view, and
pay a proper attention to chronology, when we read, we shall
not, with any regard to justice, look down with contempt
upon the manners and beliefs of distant times and distant coun
tries.

ed. See also llyde's Religio Veterum Persarum, cap. 19
and 20.
P. liv. * See Dictionary &- musallaaat, and 33 c bad
anges. See D'Herbelot Bibliothque Orientale, p. 87; also
under e tamri, jc tumar, pronounced by us Omar.
P. iv. "It is not an hundred years since the conjuration of
witches, demons, and fairies, was commonly practised and
taught in London by Lilly and others. Even men of learning
P. lv. "Some combats with the Diws have been slightly
mentioned (p. xlvii.); previous to which, great preparations
were made by the heroes to arm themselves with spells, as a
defence against their enchantments; accompanied with cere
monies differing little from those afterwards practised by our
European knights, when setting out to engage with necroman
cers or giants. See Dictionary es' ahiraman.-A duel in
Arabic is called er &#, wakzaatu'l isnayn, the combat of

and sound judgment in other respects, were strongly impressed two.-See Dictionary jx~) Asfandyr; he was son to Kish

with a belief in those supernatural beings, and of the power of
pells in commanding their service. In the Ashmolean Museum
at Oxford are various formularies of invocation and incantations,
collected by the very learned and sensible founder, who was
"rongly tinctured with those prejudices. See Ashmole's Collect.
f MSS. No. 8259. 1046. 2. See also the Lives of John Lilly
and Elias Ashmole, Esq.; likewise Dr. Percy's Relicts of Ancient
ngh Poetry, Vol. III. p. 213, 214Conjurers, witches, and
*rcerers, are accurately described in our law-books. Haw
kins (in his Pleas of the Crown) says, Conjurers are those who,
tsb, the fifth king of the Kayniyan dynastya, and father of
Ardeshir Dirzdast, the Artaxerxes Longimanus of the Greeks.
See Shh-nmah for a great variety of those single combats;
also the Hoshang-nmah, Iskandar-nmah, Tahmuras-nmah,
and other Eastern books of poetry and romance.See Khon
demir; the Lab Trkh, in the Life of Kay Khusraw ; D'Her
belot Bibliothque Orient. p. 716; and Dictionary &J s
Duwzdah rukh, the twelve heroes. This is a combat pre
cisely similar to that of the Horatii and Curiatii of Rome and
Alba.

" by force of certain magic words, endeavour to raise the devil, Ja' Albatal, signifies the knight. He was also named *~
" and oblige him to execute their commands. Witches are Jay Sayyid batal, the lord knight. He was killed in the year
"*h who, by way of conference, bargain with an evil spirit of the Hijra 121 (A.D. 738). J-4) Jia- Jaafaru's' sadik,
do what they desire of him; and Sorcerers are those who, Jaffer the Just, was born at Madina, in the year 83 of the
" by the use of certain superstitious words, or by the means of Hijra 121 (A.D. 699), and died in the year 148 (A.D. 764).
" *ges, &c. are said to produce strange effects, above the M. D'Herbelot seems to think that those two were the same per
lxxx P R O OF S AND I L L U S T R ATION S.
son: but an attention to their dates, in which the Eastern
writers are very particular, does not seem to justify the surmise.
This learned Orientalist says, that in the French king's library
there is an Arabian manuscript, called Siratu'l mujahidin (the
lives of warriors), in which there is an abridgment of Albatal's
life : also that there is another larger work filled with most won
derful feats of arms. Bibl. Orient. p. 163, 399.
P. lv. *See Bin Shuhnah, Khondemir, D'Herbelot, p. 371.
P. lv. 193 s- jaridah, is a branch of a palm-tree stript
of the leaves.-U.3 kan, are canes, the hollow parts of which
are filled with some solid body. Of these they generally make
the Arabian spears-3.5je dari-at, is a ring at which they dart
a javelin, or endeavour to carry it off on the point of a lance.
-See also Historia de las Guerras Civiles de Grenada.-The
Jerid Oin, D'Herbelot says, was a common exercise among
the Turkish cavaliers in the Atmeidan or Hippodrome at Con
stantinople. Bibl. Orient. p. 383. The word caiti, which in
times of chivalry was often given by one knight as a term of
reproach to another, has been supposed to be derived from the
Italian cattivo, or the Spanish cautivo, a captive, &c. It is pos
sible, however, that it may be only a slight alteration of the
Arabian word suasi khattf; a ravisher. As one of the great
ends of the institution of chivalry was to protect the sex, a viola
tion of this important point was justly marked with every
circumstance of infamy. It was chiefly applied to those giants
or governors of castles who made a practice of carrying off and
imprisoning the undefended fair; and seems, in consequence,
to be much more applicable to them than captive, which car
ried along with it no such disgraceful idea.I have sometimes
been also induced to think, that there is some affinity be
tween the word knight and lag nikht, which signifies those
who tilt with or throw spears, in order to show strength and
dexterity.
104
P. lvi. See Essay on the Poetry of Eastern Nations, by
William Jones, Esq. subjoined to the Life of Nadir Shah, 8vo.
p. 133. For various specimens of their elegies and other com
positions, see Poeseos Asiatica Commentarii, auctore Gulielmo
Jones, 8vo. See also Supplement lHistoire de Nader Shah,
4to. Tom. II. p. 231 et seq. by the same learned and ingenious
author.See Dict. al), wlah, 'A mudallah, C-54c muhaw wis,
* him, "A: shd, & shuftah, *** sharidah, &T
luftah, &c. signify, distracted, insane, desperate, furious, fran
tic, melancholy, mad with love. C- Majnun, is the surname
of one of the most celebrated Eastern lovers, and it implies
furious, frantic, mad; see c-s" 2 J. the loves of Layla' and
Majnun, by the celebrated Persian Poet Jmi. W-e tashw
denotes, blind with the madness of love. Je euluk signifies
love and death. A-c matim, the captive of love; one who sub
mits to slavery, or the meanest employment, to have an oppor
tunity of serving or admiring his mistress.
P. lvi. " " See ch. 24, 25, and other passages of Ali
Yazdi's History of Tamerlane, for many grand festivals given
by that prince, especially on the marriages of his grandchildren
|
in 1404. The palace which he then built, on a plain called
Kanigul (the mine of flowers), was a square of 1509 cubits,
chiefly of marble, incrusted on the outside of the principal
apartments with porcelain; and in the inside with ivory, ebony,
gold, and precious stones.A trifling observation which occurs
in this place shows, that the contempt with which Europeans
honour the Tartars and other Eastern people is perfectly re
ciprocalThe European ambassadors were also invited to
the great banquet, and partook of the diversions: for even
the Kasses (a very minute animal) have their place in the
ocean.
P. lviii. * Mahmd's queen, mentioned in the text, was
the daughter of the Khn of Turkistn, x; al-- Jami
lah Kandahari may be interpreted the Beauty of Kandahar.
Mahmd was the Great Sultan of Ghizna, who conquered
Hindstn, and many other kingdoms in the East, at the end of
the tenth and beginning of the eleventh centuries. See Notes
to p. ix. x. and xi. of this Dissertation. See also Abu'lpharaje,
p. 429.
Sultn Malikshh, surnamed c) 2 -->4) Ja- Jalalud
dawlat wa'ddin, The glory of the state and of religion, of
whom mention has been so often made in this Dissertation, was
the third Sultan of the Seljukian dynasty; and great grandson of
Seljuk, a Turkomn or Tartar nobleman, who was the founder
of the family. The magnificent solemnity mentioned by the
vazir Nazm happened about the year 1076; though historians
have hitherto fixed it some years earlier, on the coronation of
Malikshh; but the vazir's own account is undoubtedly superior
authority. See D'Herbelot, p. 544, &c.
P. lix. "See Las Guerras Civiles de Granada. As it is
several years since I saw this book, and now quote from memory,
I cannot refer to the particular passages.
P. lix. " P. lx. "The Arabians and Persians, it may be
here observed, have a gamut or musical scale, which they call
Durri mufassal (Separate pearls); whence the old mode of
teaching vocal music in Europe, by what is vulgarly called Sol
fa-ing, seems to have been borrowed; their notes being named
A la mi r, Bfa p m, C solfa ut, &c. See Dictionary 299
Ja durr-i mufassal.
See Gazophylacium Lingua, Persarum, p. 175. D'Herbelot,
, 357.
112
P. lxi. O true believer, the law of retaliation is allowed
you for the slain; the free shall die for the free; and the ser
vant for the servant; and a woman for a woman; but he whom
his brother shall forgive, may be prosecuted and obliged to
make satisfaction, according to what is just, and a fine shall be
set on him with humanity. This is indulgence from your
 PRO OF S AND I L L U S T R ATION S.
Lord, and mercy. And when the slayer shall be pardoned
(in consequence of making satisfaction), he who hereafter
shall transgress (by killing the slayer), shall suffer a most
grievous punishment. And in this retaliation ye have life.
In another part he says, Whoever shall take a vengeance
equal to the injury which hath been done, and shall be after
wards unjustly treated, verily God will assist him. See Al
coran, chap. ii. iv. and xxii. M. D'Herbelot, after the pas
sage marked above with the asterism, * inserts these words:
Mais celui qui pardonnera au meurtrier obtiendra la mise
ricorde de Dieu, &c. but I can discover nothing correspond
ing to it in this part of the Kurn. See Bibliothque Orientale,
p.294,
The Sonna is a collection of the sayings of Muhammad, or
the traditions of his widows and companions. By the Turks and
other followers of the sect of Omar, they are considered with a
respect little inferior to the Kurn; but they are rejected by the
Persians and the other adherents of Ali. See Dictionary &-
sunnat and #9 diyat.
P. lxi." P. lxii." The Fredum was a late introduction
into the European code, being unknown in the older capitularies;
and seems to have been intended by the magistrates as an ad
ditional check to private revenge. It was a sum paid by a
criminal to the king, or to his feudal superior, for protection
against the relations of the deceased, after they had accepted a
composition. It was in general equal to a third part of this
composition; but varied often, in proportion to the difficulty of
protecting the person who had committed the violence. See
Montesquieu de lEsprit des Loix, liv. 30, chap. xx. Dr. Robert
son's Charles W. vol. I. p. 361.
Ja; kits, kawad, s ib-at, ; bar, Cle'; pi who betrays his patron, master, host, or benefactor. See also
dish, c tawn, j tr, Lazi muktiss, j sr, signify the Abu'l ghz Khn's History of the Tartars.
law of retaliation, or punishment by that law; killing one for
the murder of another. Ja iks as and Jel imsl, are
nearly synonymous, but more strictly denote eye for eye, limb
for limb, &c. -i \, :alf, Shedding blood with impunity. "ri.
ri, bizran mizran, Blood shed unrevenged. JAS hadar, Per
mitting blood to be shed unrevenged : this word also implies a
worthless fellow. Jr. mawtr, One who does not revenge
the death of his friend (from cowardice or other base motive).
*** multadt, Receiving money, &c. as an expiation for mur
der. Ji ghiwar, Expiating murder by a mulct. J irsh, A
fine for the shedding of blood.
The first month Muharram, the seventh Rajab, the eleventh
Dhul kaadah, and the twelfth Dhul hijjah, were esteemed sa
ted in Arabia from the oldest times; and, excepting by one or
"9tribes, were so religiously observed, that if a man met during
*time the murderer of his father, he durst not offer him any
violence, The history or traditions of the old Arabs do not
lxxxi
mention above six transgressions of this law; and these are
styled impious wars. As three of those sacred months, how
ever, followed close together, they used sometimes to dispense
with the observation of Muharram, keeping the next month
(Safar) sacred in its room. Muhammad adopted these ob
servances, with an exception to the mode of transferring a
month, which he declared to be a profane innovation; but he
gave his followers permission to attack, at all times, infidels, or
those who did not pay a proper regard to the institution. See
Prelim. Disc. to Sale's Alcoran, p. 196.
The Treuga Dei, or Truce of God, was adopted about the
year 1032, in consequence of a pretended revelation of a bishop
of Aquitaine. It was published in the time of a general ca
lamity; and it made so deep an impression on the minds of men,
that a general cessation of private hostilities was observed, we
are told, for seven years; and a resolution formed, that no man
should, in time to come, molest his adversary from Thursday
evening till Monday morning. The Pax Regis, or Royal
Truce, was an ordinance of Louis VIII. King of France,
A, D, 1245, by which the friends or vassals of a murdered or
injured person were prohibited from commencing hostilities till
forty days after the commission of the offence. Dr. Robertson's
Charles W. vol. I. p. 336-8.
P. lxii. * See D'Herbelot, p. 7, 333. Sale's Prelim.
Disc. p. 38, &c. Code of Gentoo Laws, p. 88. See also Dic
tionary; *} lu-m, &: law8, &\s he, J.K. mukarraz, la-im,
J" la-man, c, s hijris, U-59 nkas, j wazagh, signify,
A miser, avaricious, covetousness, cowardice, baseness, worth
lessness, and every villainous property of man. << 2 J
us-- man wa namak khyini, A bread and salt traitor; he
P. lxii. lxiii. 116 117 11 3" atto, J birtil, y rashw,
Bribing a judge, or great man, to obtain any thing contrary
to justice. S rishwat, se', ydah or 33 ysah, **
badgand, yu brah, J irsh, A bribe to a judge. Jy
rayish, A broker employed to bribe a judge. J- mulli,
Offering money to a judge in order to corrupt him. Sj
nazrat, denotes the technical language of the Arabian law
yers. &;s hulat, A sacred fire, over which witnesses used
to SWear.
See the Shh-nmah, under the title of U--->|- Js
J *: ; guzashtani Siywakhsh az khi tash, The passing of
Siywakhsh through the flaming pile. Though the whole of
this anecdote may be fiction, as part of it undoubtedly is, still
I must repeat, that Firdawsi would not have mentioned this
mode of trial, had it been unknown in Persia. See also Code
of Gentoo laws, p. lviii, &c.
P. lxiv, * J-y nigristn, The Gallery of Pictures, a
in
lxxxii P R O OF S AND I LLU S T R A TI O N S.

work somewhat resembling the Gulistn; being an agreeable
miscellany in prose and verse. The anecdotes in it are in ge
neral considered as founded on real history.
The subjects which fill the preceding sheets are by no means
exhausted; and I had originally intended to have introduced a
much greater variety of the customs, inventions, and ideas of
the East; but too incessant employment has prevented the ac
complishment of my design. I never was in those countries,
the Dictionary as Dissertation, which a personal observation of
the manners and languages of the people could alone have
enabled me to avoid. The candid will correct, and perhaps
pardon such mistakes. Lexicons of high authority are not free
from faults; and I presume not to be more perfect. The pain
ful difficulties of such labours might plead indeed a general
apology; for, as Scaliger justly observes, Omnes panarum facies
hic labor unus habet.

and I may have fallen, of consequence, into errors, as well in

N. B. Some little variation will be found between the Dictionary and the Dissertation, especially with regard to the old Kings
of Persia; which, upon respectable authorities, I endeavoured to reconcile with those mentioned by the Greeks. (See J. kay, &c.)
But I have considered the subject with more attention in the Dissertation, to which I at present adhere. I have assigned my rea
sons, and the public will judge.

 A DVERTIS EMENT.

The mode of denoting the pronunciation in Roman letters, adopted in the last edition, has been retained in the present,
omitting merely the dots used with these characters, to mark their peculiarities, as such discriminative marks did not seem
absolutely requisite in a work, in which the words are also printed in the original character. .* 2

A, i, u, short (as sounded in America, fit, bush,) are used as initials to express the powers of
C.. C. 2 C. 2
respectively; and,
as medials or finals, of T . Examples, agar, If; Js) ishkil, Imposture; 2 ' ushtur, A camel.
a long (as sounded in father, and in Persian words somewhat broader, approaching to the sound of a in water")
of 7, and as a medial or final of \ preceded by its homogeneal character , the two
is used as an initial to express the power
.* v,

coalescing forming one long vowel. Example, cusi tb, The sun.
ilong (as sounded in field) is used as an initial to express the power of a silent s preceded by "; and, as a medial or
final, of a silent f following ~ C.
where, in both cases, the two characters, being homogeneal, coalesce, and form one long
.* v,

vowel. Examples, |si. inja, Here ; e gardidan, To turn.

.* p

along (as sounded in rude") is used as an initial to express the power of a silent, after \; and, as a medial and final, of a 2 2
silent, following its homogeneal character , in both instances the two uniting form one long vowel. Example, * ulu, Lords,
p

IIlSters.

7 long (as sounded in note) and a long (as sounded in there") are used for 2 and s when distinguished by the term
J. parsi, Persian, or J:s majhul, Unknown; which terms are used in contraditinction, tazz, Arabic, Or x

matri, Known, applied to , and s when pronounced in the common way. Examples, 2) G, He; j}_y roz, Day; e-)
eshn, They; shr, A lion.*
o short and eshort are used when and 2 are directed to be so pronounced by the term J parsi Or Jse majhul. Examples,
c. * -

* beh, Good; 23-2 dokhtar, Daughter. As initials they are seldom found.
wslands for a quiescent, preceded by a heterogeneal vowel; and also for the
** ~ C. p.
2.
same letter opening upon a vowel. Examples,
t; law.h, A table, plank; A. walad, A son; c-, wilyat, A country; ~% wuknat, A nest.
& stands for a quiescent s preceded by a heterogeneal vowel, and for an open s followed by a vowel. Examples,
"J'. A house; J Yaman, Arabia Felix; r-, yusr, Prosperity. ... (,

a'stands for f final, when to be pronounced as , as is often the case in Arabic words. Example, zikra', Remembrance.
'is used to shew, that a letter, though written, is not pronounced. Examples, c-s- khstan, To wish ; C- kh'ush,
Pleasant; vs- khsh, Self.
b is used for ~ .

* . . . . . . c. 8 and 9.
* * * * * * * * v- an -

&
* . . . . . ~.
Q:
h . . . . . . c and s. s as the final of Persian words is mostly silent, as the h in Messiah.
kh. . . . . . & -

"In the earlier stages of this work, the former edition was looked up to as sufficient authority for retaining the majhill sound of 5 in the words3 r and y
ry; but, after some progress had been made, it was perceived that the lexicographers of India, who alone appear to use the majhil in other words, have, in
these two instances, invariably retained the matri. It would have considerably retarded the appearance of a book much wanted, if the first sheets had
*tancelled in order to correct the oversight; the student is therefore requested to substitute the matriif for the majhil in these words, wherever they
*in the commencement of this work.
m 2
 lxxxiv.

d is used for J .
2 - - - - - - Sj J* and 9.
r e e - e a J

j .. .... j .
A.
sh . . . . . . Q- -

8 in imitation of Meninski, is used among our letters to prevent the hiatus and confusion that would be the consequence of
dropping such an essential character.
gh is used for *:
f * * * * * 3.
k

8.
!
7,

77

z)
. . . . . . . when in a state to be considered as a consonant.
3/ . . . . . . ; when considered as a consonant.
The Editor has found himself compelled to omit the orthographical sign tashdid "; also those of hamza - and madda ~, in
-- C- -, * ~ * ~< *
the feminines : U x3, in the irregular plurals : U x; and Uxi", and in the verbal nouns of the increased conjugations formed
from defective verbs. But as these are rarely, if ever, expressed in Persian, their loss will not be much felt, while such
omissions cannot be an impediment in the way of the Arabic student.

A TABLE EXHIBITING THE FORMS OF MASDARS, OR VERBAL NOUNS OF TRILITERAL ROOTS,

. Ja; fatl, as , a nasr (from ra nasara), Helping; aid, assistance.

Jiel, as fthm (from fahima), Understanding ; knowledge, comprehension.
- Jue, as K*. shukr (from K. shakara), Thanking; gratitude for favours.
Ja fatal, as ej- hazan (from ej- hazina), Grieving; grief, sadness.
- Ja eal, aS *** shibat (from s shabita), Being satiated; satiety, repletion.
. J.; fugal, as ss huda' (from f As hada'), Directing (in the way of salvation); guidance.
. Ja; atil, as -35 kasib (from ~3 kazaba), Lying; a lie, a falshood.
- J fatal, as cls halk (from t halaka), Perishing; ruin, perdition.
- Jial, c nikah (from * nakaha), Marrying ; matrimony.
as

: Jfukl, as eli, rukd (from 23, rakada), Sleeping; sleep, slumber.

11. &las fatlat, as &# ghalat (from J ghaula), Doing (any thing) inconsiderately; negligence.
19. 3.33 lat, as 3.cx+ khidmat (from *** khadama), Serving; service, ministry.
13. &\x; futlat, as 3, is khuzrat (from , is khazira), Being green; greenness, verdure.
14. &las fatalat, &s; karamat (from karuma), Being liberal, beneficent; generosity, munificence.
as

1 5. 3.x: fatilat, - sarikat (from Jr. saraka), Stealing ; theft, larceny.

as

16. la; fatalat, as sol shahdat (from ** shahida), Bearing witness, testifying ; martyrdom.
17. &\s; fisilat, aS Jus- khijlat (from J khajila), Blushing; shame, modesty, bashfulness.
18. Juealat, as jj subtat (from *-ij sabuta), Possessing strength of mind and prudence.
19. Jula', shakwa" (from \ shak, for 33. shakawa), Complaining; a complaint,
aS lamentation.
20. Jla', - zikra' (from zakara), Remembering; recollection.
aS

21. Jula', J- sukna' (from c- sakana), Resting ; quiet, repose.

as

22. lugi-a, as ...t raghb-a (from C-39 raghiba), Supplicating, beseeching.

23. eXa; fatln, e- taeniin (from e tatana), Cursing, reproaching, reviling.
aS

24. cs faln, as J kitmn (from katama), Concealing, hiding, keeping in.

 lxxxv

25. Jai fueln, as J kufrn (from A kafara), Being ungrateful; ingratitude.

26. Ja; fataln, as J* nazarn (from A. nazara), Seeing ; sight, vision.
27. J. filln, as w- tiriffin (from 3, arafa), Knowing, discerning; knowledge.
28. J futulln, as J% jurukkan (from +% farika), Hating (as man and wife); conjugal hatred.
29, Jfutil, as J: kabul (from J.5 kabila), Accepting ; approbation, concession.
30, Jfutil, as s juhd (from As jahada), Denying, disowning, disavowing.

31. J facil, as c, ranin (from j ranna), Twanging (as a bow-string); groaning.

32, 3.x: fatiilat, as *lw rajulat (from Jy rajula), Being of a manly spirit; manliness.
33. *futilat, as -yas- khusumat (from -as- khasama), Trying to overcome at law; litigation.

34, 3.4 futilat, as **** khaditat (from t khadata), Deceiving; fraud, fallacy.
35. Jfutila', J-i- haziza' (from Ud-hazza), Exciting, instigating.
as

36. Jattila', as Jara-khassisa' (from Las khassa), Doing (any thing) in particular.
37. J-fittila', Jhs. khittiba' (from a- khataba), Betrothing (a woman).
aS

38. Juil, as J}. kayll (from JG kla, for J.3 kayala), Sleeping in the afternoon.
39. 3.}x} atlalat, as &#14 shaykhukhat (from t shkha, for * shayakha), Growing old.
40. as fuellat, aS $3.3 luknunat (from e lakina), Stammering, stuttering.
41. &\ fataliyat, 88 *]; karahiyat (from * kariha), Detesting; horror, aversion.
42 & 4 fataliyat, as -(a nasahiyat (from a- nasaha), Advising; advice, counsel.
43. &le; tilat, as als khlisat (from Las- khalasa), Being pure, choice, excellent.
44. &=9 fzlat, as&;$1. sktat (from ~K. sakata), Being silent; silence.
45, * futiyat, as*A* sukhriyat (from A^ sakhira), Laughing at, deriding; a laughing-stock.
46. & futuliyat, &x~ humuwiyat (from J-hamiya), Being hot.
as

47. **atliyat, &era- khasuszyat (from J- khassa), Being peculiar to.

as

48. & futiliyat, & rujlyat (from Jy rajula), Being manly-minded; manliness.
as

49. & fuelniyat, - sulwaniyat (from J- saliya), Being eased of pain.

as

50, Jualal, as Jex- sizdad (from e- sada, for ex- sawada), Being lord, head, or chief.

51, fusalt, raghabt (from -, raghiba), Supplicating, beseeching.

as

52. Jualata, r, raghabuta' (from -3) raghiba), Supplicating, beseeching.

as

53. Ji mafal, as ~f~ mahrab (from ~A haraba), Running away, fleeing.

54. Jai. matil, as s-r marjit (from S--) rajata), Repeating, reiterating.
55, Jais matul, as z makbur (from 25 kabira), Being of an advanced age.
56, Jai- mial, as G3, mirfak (from G, rafuka), Being benign, gentle.
57. Jai. maalat, as s." mahkarat (from Ji- hakara), Being vile and despicable.
58. Ja mafilat, as &A. matrifat (from 32 &arafa), Knowing; knowledge, acquaintance.
50 &ls matulat, as 3: mashnu-at (from t shana-a), Ilating.
50 &lai. mialat, as 3,< mighfarat (from s ghaara), Forgiving; pardon, forgiveness.
61. J&s miil, as M:- mishwr (from shara, for J shawara), Offering cattle for sale.
62 &ls mutalat, as 3,4- musmrat (from 24-samara), Holding evening-conversations by moon-light.
3. Ji. matill, as t mate:is (from 8-3, wazata), Placing, depositing.
54. *** matulat, as & s mahlufat (from - halia), Swearing.
65. **** matula-a, as 3- mashtr-a (from J shazara), Knowing, perceiving.
66, Jaj tatal, as ~';* tajwab (from -\-jba, for ~5-jawaba), Traversing a country.
67. J tisal, as ~A- tishrb (from ~, shariba), Drinking; a draught.
68. J tiffital, as *** tikitt (from t katata), Cutting, amputating.
09, x tafalat,
70. Als tatilat,
71, as tatulat,
| as &#
tahlakat

tahlukal
(from e Qs halaka), Perishing; ruin, perdition.
 lxxxvi

|
FORMS OF VERBAL NOUNS OF THE INCREASED CONJUGATIONS OF THE TRILITERAL VERB.
:
II. 1. J tatil, as 5 tarkb (from 9 rakkaba), Composing ; composition, mixture.
2. &\xi tatilat, as *-i tasmiyat (from Ji- samma'), Giving a name; nomination.

. J tatal, as Jj tamsl (from J. massala) Propounding a parable.

J tiftal, as ~e? tiraib (from C-5, rateaba), Terrifying, inspiring with fear.
- Jegl, ~& kiczab (from ~& kaszaba),
aS Accusing (any one) of falsehood.
III. &l=\ic muffialat, as &Jeu-, mubdalat (from Jeu bdala), Exchanging; exchange, barter.
Jl, as 3]+ khilf (from -- khalaa), Opposing, contradicting; contrariety, rebellion.
-

Jiel, as J; kital (from J ktala), Fighting one another; mutual slaughter.

-

. Jfutal, as 93 kuyuz (from kyasa), Agreeing (with any one) for the summer.
-

IV. 1. J'' ial, as J irsal (from J- arsala), Sending, despatching ; an embassy, a mission.
Js mual, as J.--&c mudkhal (from J-2) adkhala), Causing (any one) to enter.
V. J taatul, as --- tabassum (from *-j tabassama), Smiling ; a smile, a simper.

i J tifi tal, as Js tihimml (from J- tahammala), Enduring patiently; patience.

J mutaataal, as J}< mutaarrak (from J33 taarraka), Being divided ; separation, dispersion.
VI. J-3 taazul, as U-s tajalus (from J tajalasa), Sitting together ; a session.
VII. 1. Cx inical, as A-3) inkisar (from P-3' inkasara), Being broken; rout, defeat; contrition ; despair.
Je munfatal, as 3ra-c munsaraf (from ra, insarafa), Turning one's self, receding.
VIII.

IX.
:
J iftital, as A-3) iktidar (from j iktadara), Being powerful; power, authority.
-

&x~ mutafalat, as & s mukhtalafat (from --- ikhtalaa), Disagreeing.

J ifilal, as J}}- ihwill (from J.- ihwalla), Being blind of an eye.
X. J-Wisti-il, as jst-listikhbr (from si- istakhbara), Asking news.
XI. Cx;" ilal, as y- ihmarar (from ju- ihmarra), Being exceedingly red.
XII. Cxx;" iftizal, as "A-" ihddb (from --~~! ihdawdaba), Being hump-backed.
XIII. J);x;" i&iwwal, as ,3- ikhriwwat (from *5,3- ikhrawwata), Being long and tedious (a journey).

FORMS OF VERBAL NOUNS OF QUADRILITERAL ROOTS AND THEIR CONJUGATIONS.

I. 1. & fielalat, as&sj, zamzamat (from rs; samsama), Whispering, muttering, murmuring.
2. Jll. as zy-9 dihraj (from z_-9 dahraja), Turning, rolling, revolving.
II. Jx, tafazlul, as 2.3-3 tabakhtur (from 2 s tabakhtara), Walking pompously.
III. J if inlal, as c--iklinsis (from L-3 kalsasa), Putting on a high cap.
IV. Cls' i illl, as Js is mihll (from Js izmahalla), Vanishing, disappearing.

A stands for Arabic. S stands for Sanskrit. T stands for Turkish.

P . . . . . . Persian. G . . . . . . Greek. SY. . . . . Syriac.
4 . . . . . . corrupt Arabic. G. . . . . . . corrupt Greek. L . . . . . . Latin.
P . . . . . . corrupt Persian. H . . . . . . Hindee. U . . . . . . Unknown.
 9

To the liberality and kindness of GRAves C. HAUGHToN, Esq., M.A. F.R. S., late Professor
of Hind literature in this college, the Editor is indebted for the use of several scarce and
valuable books of reference, but principally for the loan of a manuscript Persian Dictionary
in two volumes, compiled under Mr. Haughtons immediate inspection by learned natives
of the East, from the works of twenty-four of the most celebrated Persian writers. This
MS, contains about twenty-five thousand words, and possesses the advantage of an exact
reference to the authors from which they are drawn. In addition to this, the Editor has to
acknowledge his obligation to the same gentleman for important counsels and suggestions
during the prosecution of this work. From these various and authentic sources, the Editor
has been enabled to enrich the present work by the addition of more than thirty-eight
thousand words, Arabic and Persian; also to arrange and supply numerous important
meanings that had been overlooked or purposely omitted in more than half the words
contained in the second edition.

In a book intended chiefly for those connected with India, it might have afforded some
interest to have uniformly pointed out the analogies existing between the Persian and
Sanskrit languages; for the slightest acquaintance with these tongues will afford the
student convincing evidence of their common origin. This, however, has been done in a
few instances only, as the increasing bulk of the volume prevented the Editor from
yielding to his own wishes on the subject.
The Editor has still the pleasing duty of expressing the obligations he is under to CHARLEs
WILKINs, Esq., who has had the kindness to inspect each sheet of the book before it was
finally printed off-conferring an advantage which every scholar will duly estimate.

East-India College, Herts,

8th October 1829.

D I C T I O N A R Y
PERSIAN, A R A BIC, AND ENGLISH.
\
ALIF is the first letter of the Arabic and Persian alphabets.
In Persian, when it is the initial letter of a word, it may be
accompanied by either of the vowels a, i, u, though they
are seldom expressed; as, 2 abr, A cloud, jr" imrz, To
day, Jki-lustukh'in, A bone. As a medial or final letter, it
should have the sound we give to a in the word father; as, A
chikar, A servant, \J kahrub, Amber; though occasionally
before a e) the sound of u is given to it; as, ex'}- khndan,
or khundan, To read. This manner, however, of pronouncing
the letter al, is considered local, and generally deemed incor
rect. It is frequently found between two words to imply con
tinuation or proximity; as, 2-y- sar-a-sar, From beginning to
end; vl dsh-a-dsh, Shoulder to shoulder (arm in
arm). When added to a noun, it forms a poetic vocative; as \
shah, O king, for & * ay shah; when annexed to some ad
jectives it forms an abstract noun, as t garm, Warmth, from
garm, Warm; and it is often affixed redundantly to a word
by the poets, without making any alteration in the sense; as
gufta for -sft, He said. In Arabic this letter is also called
hanza, and differs entirely from alif of prolongation, being con
sidered a radical, and is decidedly a consonant, partaking in a
slight degree of the sound of the guttural letter 8 tyn 3 it ought
never to be written without the orthographical character hamza,
c
and may take either of the vowels; as, Ju-3 yas-alu, He inquires,
f
Fre. Of a wild ass, Uas khata-u, Sin. As an inseparable
particle, it denotes, 1st. The vocative, when addressing a person
near at hand (the remoter vocatives being expressed by !).
d. It marks an interrogation, as left- er e Shall we
believe as fools believe? 3d. It serves as a disjunctive particle,
as, ** e *** Whether thou admonish then or admo
mish them not; 2,4- '-t- *ji Is it Zayd or Amr who is
A
-)
with thee; 4th. It is the substitute of the interjection 7 fil, Alas!
It represents also Sunday and Taurus, in astronomical books, and
the number one in arithmetic; having besides a variety of other
uses in the forming of plurals, the feminine gender, the compa
rative and superlative degrees, with many of the inflexions of the
Arabic conjugations, moods, and tenses; for all which see the
Grammar.
pT , (alif with madda) being equal to two alifs | \, has a long
broad sound (like a in the English word all), and is one of the
imperatives and the contracted participle of e amadan, To
come. In Arabic it is not sounded quite so broad, but approaches
very near to the sound of a in father, and is then (singly) either
the remote vocative, Ho! hark ye! or the interjection of con
tempt, Fy! pho!
A - ab, The month of August. Ab in the Syriac language is
the name of the last summer month; and as the Persians, Ara
bians, and Turks, whose common year is lunar, make use never
theless of the solar year in their astronomical calculations, they are
obliged to have recourse to the Syriac calendar for the names of
their months; so that succ Ab-mh in Persian, Lt. Shahr
b in Arabic, and l-'l Ab-y in Turkish, signify the month of
August, which they sometimes also name Agustiis.
r 7 ib, Water, quicksilver, any thing liquid. Lustre, dig
nity, honour, excellence. Bounty, beneficence. The water or
Justre of a diamond, polished steel, &c. Constant motion, custom,
habit, mode, rule. This word is much used in forming com
pounds, and metaphorical expressions, asrea ,-7A lover's
tears. Wine, blood. e-le J-7.- To fertilize the ground.
J-7| ~7. or s J .--T Wine. Tears of grief or
anger. A. L! --> The water boiled: (met.) A tumult was
raised. zy. J.-I Red wine. J .-7 Wine. Tears
of grief crl .-l or -l rt-l Wine, Tears of blood,
B
 -) 2 -)

\,-7 Wine made from dates or grapes. The Red Sea. Usage, custom. J,J.--" Oil, butter, fat of broth, liquid grease.
\-JST.e." Wine. Tears of grief. :9) ,-7 or 3% *-T xy ~" Water of the face, lustre, brightness of countenance,
Red wine. Tears of sorrow. J * ***} - To dismiss gracefulness, dignity of mien. Reputation, renown, glory, ho
uneasiness of mind. *.x-\,-- A pool, ditch, stagnant water. nour, estimation. Rank, office, station. 3, 21 Wine made of
39-3) 2-7 Cold or congealed water, ice, jelly of meat, fish, &c. grapes. Jy f To disgrace. ej ~7 To extinguish, to
2% ,-7 Wine. J" " To bring tears, to be ashamed. To quell, to appease. To sprinkle the house in honour of guests.
have a swelling about the hoof (a horse). ey's ,--T Rain-water. J) ,-7 Liquid gold; white wine. J} ,-7 Pure, limpid water.
& 29,--Tor <&'L) *29,-7 Blood. Tears of grief. U-72 J ~ Living water, the water of eternity or youth, a fa
co; To quench, to allay. J-! To cheat, to deceive. bulous fountain so called. **j ,-7 Wine. Morning light, heat,
&- ,-7 Ice, hail, hoar frost; glass, crystal. \s ,-7 See -7 splendour. r- ,--T Red wine. J - To melt. To be
--, es ,-7 To be dyed red. J.--" A gummy sub come ashamed, divested of honour, to grow obsolete. ,<--"
stance which exudes from the root of decayed walnut-trees. C. Wine. Blood. 32- ,-7 Red wine. Tears of grief.
Jy- c 7 or J- * To be independent, and J ,-7 Brackish water, tears of grief e i.e.- To
subject to no controul. &; ,<--! Broth, jelly, boiled water. be humble. To promote the interests of another. J-y ,-7
--, ,-7 Water of the back, spinal marrow. The five Name of a fountain on a mountain in Tabaristn, which, it is
waters. The country bordering the five rivers which form the said, ceases to flow when a noise is made, and flows immediately
river Indus; which river is sometimes called Je ~7. ,-7 when it is over. ** ,-7 Name of a fountain which flows and
J: The stars. c- To urine. # ,-] Wine. The becomes dry alternately for the space of seven years. ~} ,-7
tears of a rejected lover. c- ,-7 Tears of grief. ,-7 Wine. U, c ,--> Rose water. Cr-c ,c-rl Wine. *= ,-l
--- Tears. ^\,- ,-7 Wine. Love. <--> ,-7 Water of The water of vapours; the river Oxus, or Gihon. *** -
desire, wish, appetite, longing, tears of desperation. --,-] Rain-water. by: ,--! The juice of sour grapes, or other unripe
or ex- ,-7 The water of life, immortality. (met.) Pure, spi fruit. se-,--" Glass, crystal. A sword, dagger, &c. ,-]
ritual discourse; divine love. The converse of a beloved friend. JS Beauty, elegance, splendour, dignity. Usage, custom. ,-7
As- ,-7 Purity of thought. Brilliancy of imagination. ,-7 * Blue water, the Persian sea. The Arabians call this gulph
~\,\,-- Wine. ey- ,--I Autumnal rains. << ,-7 Glass, the Green Sea. The sea of China. es -T To let out the
crystal, a decanter. , is- ,-7 See --,-7. & ,-7 water formed about a horse's foot, set-5,-7 Weak, poor wine.
Snow, ice; glass, crystal; a sword in the sheath. L-,-] Ji ,-7 The river Kawsar in Paradise, flowing with milk or
J-To live at ease. e-le -7 To give water, to steep. nectar. swe; ,-7 The revolving heavens. ,-7 Warm
To sharpen, to add brilliancy, to harden steel; to enliven. --> water, a hot bath. ea-s- To become dissolved. ,-7
w-ye Water in the river; (met.) Prosperity, victory, honour, ~y Gravy, broth. *" The heavens. Ja! ,-7
authority. ex *55-J To become opulent, prosperous, Wine. Tears of blood. ex~ ,-7 Name of a place of recrea
vested with authority. 2.j --" Intoxication, Greatness. tion in the environs of Shirz, frequented every Tuesday during
e;--> --> To become intoxicated; to be opulent. --> 7 the month of Rajab. Name of a fountain in Kohistn, the waters
e-'- To be modest, shamefaced. e 45-ye ~7 To adul of which, wherever carried, are followed by a kind of birds
derate, to cheat. &T JseJ " His mouth watered. which devour locusts. r. A-7 The purity of a pearl. A
cle s Je To possess a delicate sense of honour. J pearl, or white speck in the eye, r ,-7 Probity, honour, chas
cl s To work in the dark. e-sex bye - To be in tity. New wine. Mvc,c-l or Aix-c,c->! Snow, ice, sleet.
a weak and declining state. Jex- esJ-9 - To bray water Crystal, glass. A scymitar, a poniard. eye- ,-7 Tears of
in a mortar, (met.) To act foolishly. else ,-7 Water of the grief. j9,-7 Red wine. e' ,-7 A lover's tears. Wine,
teeth, spittle, whiteness or cleanness of teeth. Ji,y-else.--" blood. t-T Red wine. <-- ,-7 The juice or sap of
Jy," To make one's enemy's mouth to water; needlessly to ex any vegetable. J Cl To allow of no delay, to lose no
cite hostility against one's self. G---> 3. ,<rl Any one who time. -- ,-7 Semen genitale. i J The black water, the
graces the chief seat. An epithet of Muhammad. Je ,-7 river Nile. &le; Means of subsistence. s Fresh
Water of the mouth, spittle. A longing desire. 33.9 ,-7 Water ness and moisture. J -T Water and clay, i. e. the human
of the eyes; tears, --- *** - A draught of wine. --T frame. \;"2 -T Water and air; climate, atmosphere. ~ * ,-7
j, Wine made from grapes. Jy c To lose one's dignity. see -7 t: ** ,--T Red wine. *~" Iced water.
*, ,--T Name of a fountain near Shirz. c, ,--T Water A -lab, A father, a master, a possessor. An inventor of any
colour, coloured water, paint. e),L) ,-7 Running water. A thing. This word enters into the composition of a great number
sort of very fine muslin. Ly ,-7 Beauty, elegance, splendour. of Arabic names, varying its termination according to its case,
 \\
having 3.ab in the nominative, \,\ ab in the accusative, and
| abi in the other cases, as K Abubakar, ev Abadun,
J- J Abi Ismatil, &c.
:: A - abba, (fut. -: 3ya-ubbu, or ~. ya-ibbu) He
made ready.
A -- abb, (from ~ abba) Preparation for a journey, vigorous
application to anything, earnestness, exertion. Extension. A re
turn, a wish to return to one's country. Purpose, intention. Fruit,
grass, pasturage, verdure. Name of a town, and also of a village
in Arabia Felix.
Ali ibi (pl. of -- ab) Fathers, ancestors. = J aba-i-
{ulwiy, The sublime fathers, i. e. The nine heavens, or the
seven planets. 5-a- Ji b-i-kunsury, Bodily fathers. -su
t aba-i-matnawiy, Intellectual fathers, i. e. preceptors. UT
***", b wa ajdd, Ancestors. -
A\| ab, Father (in the accusative). Ab or ib (from ')
Refusing, rejecting, abominating. Aversion, disgust. Disobe
dience, stubbornness. A strangury. Ab, Reeds, flags, canes;
also the places where they grow. A kind of disease contracted
by goals from the smell of their urine. Ubii, A loathing of
one's food.
rl abi, (for (M) Strange, wonderful. (for U) With. Spoon
meat, soup, bread. Ib, A pair, two oxen in a yoke.
All Ibbi, The devil (as being disobedient).
A slabi-at, Areed, a flag, a cane. An epidemical distemper,
the plague. Ib-at (1v of A), Retaliation (by killing a homicide,
&c.), being equal. Leading camels to the place where they kneel
anddrink. Receiving hospitably. Abiding in any place. Tan
ning a hide. Flight.
A-labiboribib, (from - abba) Preparation for a journey,
readiness. A tending towards. Stretching, striving. Water,
drink, Ubb, A surge, a wave.
p J Abbn, Name of a mountain.
A 3'," abbat, (from ~ abba) Preparation for any under
taking. An institution, regulation, mode of living or acting.
A.J'abbl, A kind of bird, an owl, a bustard. A herd of
camels. A flight of birds. Abbla, In herds, or flights.
A cl abbn, (pl. ofuj" ibbn) Convenient times.
A "ibit, (the same as ib) Abhorrence, refusal.
A. ~!" abati, Poetically for " abati my father! (vocat.)
A&'ilitat, (iv of c-) Passing the night, doing anything
in the night; being overtaken by, or perishing in, the night.
AF' Abtir, Name of a place. Ubtir, A solitary retired man.
A slibsa, (1v of ) Enquiry, examination, search.
A J absa', (pl. of J absn) Camels satiated with pas
ture, and reclining on the ground. .
P -- b-jm, A place abounding in reeds.
A2-, abjir, (pl. of j abjr) Misfortunes, calamities.
A 3-l ibhat, (1v of c) Publishing, disclosing, revealing,
3 \\
illustrating. Appearing evident. Permitting, giving liberty.
Liberty, licence, licentiousness. Being fatigued.
A 3-\"Abhyat, Name of an antinomian sect.
A slibkhat, (1v of **) Extinguishing. -
A cu bd, (pl. of Alabad) Ages.
rel abd, A city, building, habitation. Cultivated, peopled,
pleasant, full of buildings and inhabitants. An open plain.
Good, elegant, convenient. A created thing. Always. The
Fane Kaaba, or the square temple at Mecca. Well done! bravo!
s J' You are welcome. 3', when added to a noun,
denotes a city or other place of abode. J Jr su Shh
Jahnbd, The city of Shh Jahn, Delhi, the Great Mogul's
capital. Al, Murshidbd, The capital of Bengal. -
J' Ahmadbd, the city of Ahmad, the capital of Guzerat, 244
measured coss from Delhi, each coss about 4000 English yards.
e' e.V." Imnbd, The residence of religion. 2' ,3- Khur
rambd, An agreeable champaign. eli23 Khayrbd, The
habitation of goodness. JUT & Allahbd, The city of God.
TJ Faizbd, The abode of plenty; all names of cities in
different parts of India. eli A-" asadbd, A desert of lions.
e' **) anduwah-bd, The house of mourning, a melancholy
place. J' A- kharbbd, The habitation of ruin, totally
ruined. el <2,-- *ishratbd, The mansion of delight, a
palace. ele); fulnbd, The place where any one dwells.
3' <-2,-- 2\, bilad-i-masarrat-bd, A city the abode of de
light, a flourishing pleasant country. c c To cultivate,
render delightful, improve, recreate, refresh.
P ele' Abdn, Name of a city in the Arabian Irk, situated
on the gulph of Persia, at the mouth of the river Tigris, distant
from Basrah about one and a half day'sjourney.
P ele' bdn is nearly synonimous with e', but never used
in forming compound words. - -
P J ele' abadan shudan, To be inhabited. To abound.
resele' abdn kardan, To build, cultivate, make habita
ble. P J Jo, -) To revive, refresh, exhilarate.
P jle' bdani, A habitation; a cultivated, populous, pleasant
place; population, cultivation, abundance. Name of a man cele
brated among the Arabians for his learning and piety, and a
native ofele'. -
P Jel' bdndan, To cause to inhabit, cultivate, &c.
p e-le' abdydan, To praise.
A sew" ibidat, (1v of Az) Putting to death, exterminating.
P eve' Abdn, Name of an Arabian poet,
P se' Abd, Name of an author, who treats of the different
punishments with which sinners are threatened in the Kurn.
r &S self abd; kghis, A kind of silky paper,
Je' abdyn, Fit to be inhabited.
P * --
A self abdd, as **L*, Scattered birds.
p_\ br, Lead, especially when melted. A register, an ac
count of daily expenses, AA' An accountant, a clerk.
B 3
 \\
Aj' abar, for ab-r (pl. of, bir) Wells. (pl. of 5," ibrat) |
Needles. The pointed extremities of any thing. j ibr, The
seed or flowers of the palm-tree. J abbr, Fleas. J" ibbr,
A needle-dealer.
A G->2,\! ibarat, (from2') Fecundity, applied to palm-trees.
Destruction, ruin, loss. j s. A collyrium or eye-salve.
A Jy' abarik, (pl. of J2) abrak) Miry, dirty places.
A &\" Abrimat, (3S)\! or y"), The Abrahams; also the di
minutive, the little Abrahams.
A cy Ubriyt, Name of a place belonging to 3- J.
A Gj abark, (pl. of c, ibrik) Water-pots, ewers. Very
bright and sharp swords. Flames, lightnings, glitterings.
Aj' abbs, Bounding as a deer in the chase; leaping, spring
ing. Stopping short whilst running, and then rushing forward
with greater rapidity. Making an attack, rushing upon. Dying
suddenly. Injuring or insulting any one. A e--j Abbaz
Hussayn, The author of a book reconciling the contradictions
of the Kuran. He died 1573.
a 2.j%) aba:7r, (pl. of y" abzr) Aromatics, spices, sweet
herbs or roots for seasoning meat. Grains, seeds.
A j" abazim, (pl. of *} ibzim) The buckles, buttons or
clasps of belts, girths, girdles, &c.
A J-4 ubas, A woman of a bad disposition; a shrew, a scold.
P \-T-7 ab-asiya, A water-mill.
P Ut ubash, (or ubasha), A crowd, a mob.
A c-! ubshat, A body of men, a crowd, mob. Offscour
ings, filth. The humours of the body.
A J bt, (pl. of J" ub-) Ages.
A U2'' ibs, A rope with which the foot of a camel is tied.
Ubs, Name of a town and of a valley in Arabia Felix.
A U2\,\ Ibbs, A man's name.
A 3-2\} al-ibsyat, A sect of Muhammadan schismatics.
A \,\! abt, The armpits, the interior parts beneath the wings.
A plibt, Anything put under the armpits, applied to, or girt
round, the sides.
A &\! Abatih, (pl. of & Abtah) The marshes of Nabatha.
A Ju" abtil, (pl. ofJ btil) Trifles, vanities.
A 3.2%) ibtat, (1v of 8-) Exposing to sale; purchase, con
tract, stipulation, bargain, either of sale or purchase.
A Me" abtid, (pl. of **) abad) Inhabiting a remote country.
P {\" abgh, A mark made by burning. Name of a place in
Syria. A &\" or &\" Jr. Name of a fountain between Kufa and
Racca in Arabia. $ : A day celebrated among the Arabians
by the death of Al-Mundir, killed in battle near that place.
r L*2," Abgharus, Name of a philosopher.
P J-49) abghulus, Name of a medicinal plant.
P -37 bft, A kind of coarse soft cloth. -
A J ibk, (from G') The flight of a slave, a withdrawing,
an absconding. J ubbk, (pl. of c abik) Fugitive slaves. ,
4 \\
A cs-G' Abkkhn, name of the eighth Mogul emperor of
the race of e-j- Chingiz-Khn. This prince was the son
and successor of s-s Hulgir-Khn, who took Bagdad, and
put a period to the empire of the Khalifs. He began to reign in the
year 1264 and died 1281.
*A* aba-galubar, (or z) Drawing food up from the
throat into the nose. Joy, pleasure; especially that excited by
the death of an enemy.
A Ji abl, (pl. of J." ibl) Camels.
A Jl abbl, A camel-pastor, owner, or driver. Ubbl, (pl. of
J." abil) Camels supplying the absence of water by fresh grass.
A J" ablat, (from J") Abstaining from cohabitation with a
wife. Iblat, Having a number of camels; hence, the use or
management of wealth (the chief riches of the Arabians consist
ing of camels). A herd or flock of camels, sheep, oxen, horses,
&c. A tribe, a society. A bundle of grass, wood, &c. Discipline,
regimen, government. The parapet of a well.
A l) iblat, (iv of J) Causing to urine.
A J" ibblat, A large bundle of wood. " ---: A
bundle of grass on a bundle of wood, i. e. Misfortune upon mis
fortune.
r &W) iblah, A privy.
A L-" ablis, (pl. of J-' iblis) Devils.
P 27 bm (for *' or '''), Debt. A tower, a fortress, a
pigeon-house. A sign of the Zodiac.
P e' aban or J abn, The tenth day of the Persian month.
The eighth month of the Persian year, whilst the sun continues in
Scorpio. Name of certain spirits, whom the Pagan Persians sup
posed to preside over iron, and over the actions performed on the
day or during the month above-mentioned. Iban, A pair, a brace.
Uban, Name of a mountain.
A J Abn, Name of Pe e!" Ibn fumar and *~e?" Ibn
Satid, companions of Muhammad.
A e" abni, (dual) Parents, father and mother.
A J ibbn, A convenient time, a proper season.
A Jb" Abnni, Name of two mountains in Arabia, opposite
each other, one called Jiz J", the other ex-) J - -
A c-3\" ibinat, (1v of e) Publishing, declaring, disclosing.
Division, distinction, removal. Disposal of a daughter in mar
riage; (for 'u') Friends, companions, followers.
P **) 7 ab-andm, Of a fair complexion, of a graceful
figure.
A st' bngh, The tenth day of the month Farward".
Name of an angel said to preside over water.
r J) ibni, Broth. A large dish.
P J abndan, To praise. - -
AA." abahir, (pl. of AE) abhar) The feathers or quills of a
bird; the shortest feathers in a bird's wing.
A , s abhim, (pl. of **) ibhm) Thumbs.
A f bay, Velvet, broad cloth, silk.
 ) 5 *)
A J'abay or ..s by (in construction, for l ab) Fathers. A C ibtizl, (v111 of J&) Carelessness in the preservation
J .ibyn, Name of a mountain whose heighth is said to of any thing. The employing a garment for daily or common
use. Baseness, abjectness.
be forty parasangs.
AAl abtar, Mutilated, docked. A defective oration, an in
A, 3' aby, Paternal, ancestral.
p J f Ab-brn, Name of an agreeable place in the de
complete speech. Having no offspring. Destitute of all good
qualities, worthless. A serpent with a short train. A basket with
pendencies of Kbul. out a handle. J al-abtarni, A slave and an ass (as being
p J b-bz, A sporting in the water, swimming.
destitute of good qualities).
* vy' J b-barin, The bank of a river undermined by its
current.
A 32) ibtird, (viii of 92) Bathing in, or drinking, cold
water. Coolness.
p J, f ab-pshi, A sprinkling of water.
A. *A ibtir, (v111 of &A) Filling.

#A - abata or abita, (fut. <! ya-butu, or ya-bitu) The

A. * abtarah, A camel weak or disabled by age, or work.

day was hot.
A c-labt, (from c-") Warmth, sultriness, tumefaction from
drinking. The lumbago. Abt, abit or bit, Hot, sultry, (day or
night). ,<!" abati, My father.
*- ibtb, Splendour.
r abtabah, An ewer, a water-pot, a kettle.
A clibtt, (1v of ~ batta) Breaking, or chopping off.
p Lsl Abtakhsh, Name of the first of Alexander's succes
sors (according to the Persians and Arabians), who reigned in
Persia. This was Antiochus the son of Seleucus, so that it is pro
bable it ought to be written Ls \ Antkhsh, such mistakes
in our European proper names happening often in the Oriental
authors from the carelessness of transcribers in misplacing the
diacritical points, which distinguish the letters f J ' &c.
from one another.
* <-ff ib-takht, Urine.
Aj'ibtir, (iv of;) Cutting off the tail, docking; depriving
of posterity. Curtailment, disinherison.
A&|abtat, Warmth, ardour, vehemence, rage. &l abittat,
(pl. of ea batt) Provisions, garments, necessaries, household
furniture.
Ajlibtitr, (viii of A) Being cutoff. Rescission.
A -- abtas, Name of the modern arrangement of the Ara
bian alphabet, which formerly was **".
A cst." ibtihs, (v111 of -s) Investigation, scrutiny, dis
quisition, examination, enquiry. Question, dispute, wager.
A "&" ibtidia, (v111 of **) A beginning, a commencement,
an exordium. The first time. e **) To begin.
***"ibtidi-an, In the beginning, at first, in the first place.
A "*" ibtidid, (viii of Jy badda,) Approaching separately
from different quarters, to attack any man or carry anything off.
Als ibtidar, (viii of JA) Running hastily (to arms), pre
Paring for a sudden attack.
- A {* ibtidit, (viii of **) Invention, contrivance, altera
Ajj-" ibtizz, (v111 of j-, bazza,) Seizure, spoliation, rapine.
A --" ibtisam, (v11.1 of *) Cheerfulness. A smile.
A \l ibtizz, (v11.1 of a bassa,) Abounding in a river
(water).
A **) abtat, All, whole, universal.
A \" ibtigha, (v111 of \ for Us) Wishing, coveting.
AJ ibtikar, (v11.1 of K.) Early rising; arriving in the morn
ing. Receiving the first fruits of any thing. Maturation of
fruits. Bearing a male at the first birth. Deflowering a virgin.
Attending from the beginning of the Muhammadan form of wor
ship, hearing even the prefatory oration called *as khutbah, in
which they praise God, bless the prophet, and pray for the king.
P c abtagan, The master of a family. A Turk.
A \l ibtil, (v111 of \, for j) Temptation, trial, proof, ex
periment. An endeavour to force confession. Passion, suffering,
the being affected with any misfortune, becoming indisposed, or
vexed.
A g." ibtilaj, (v11.1 of) The dawning of the day.
* & ibtilz, (v11.1 of s) Devouring, swallowing; deglu
tition. Perforation.
A Jlibtilal, (v111 of J. balla) Being moistened. Recovering
health.
A G" ibtin, (v111 of \ for Ls) Constructing an edifice.
Taking a wife. Begetting or obtaining children. Gen. xvi. 2.
A rl ibtihj, (v111 of 4) Gladness, joy, exultation.
... ibtihr, (VIII of y) The assumption of merit, when
undeserved. Notoriety arising from attentions paid to a woman.
Perseverance in prayer. Not relaxing in one's exertions for, or
against another.
AJ ibtihl, (v11.1 of J) Supplication, deprecation, groan
ing in prayer. Imprecation. P &Y! ibtihlnah, Humbly,
submissively, in a supplicating manner.
a Jelibtiys, (viii of Jim) Putting on a helmet.
A. t' ibtiyt, (viii of 87) Purchase. Sale. -

"oh, innovation (in matters of religion). P J Abtin, Name of the father of Faridin the seventh king
4 '' ibtiday?, An initial letter. of Persia of the Peshddian dynasty.
A Sl ibtizz, (viii of 3 bazzu,) A receiving of what is due. A " abas, A camel having the belly swollen through drink
C utting, breaking off.
| ing too much milk. Abis and bis, Nimble, swift. IIot.
 t 6 e)
A cl ibss, (viii of -- bassa,) Revealing, divulging, A Jlibkhl, (1v of J) Discovering or considering one
disseminating, propagating, disclosing. to be covetous.
A Jl absn, A camel reclining on the ground, after feeding. r &&T b-khnah, A water-closet, a privy, a sink, a gutter,
A **) absat, Having a kind of red tumour on the lip.
an aqueduct. A place for keeping water.
A g abaj, Eternity. g abaij, Having wide-open staring
- -

AJ<! abkhar, Having a stinking breath.

eyes. A, abkhirah, (pl. of J bukhr) Vapours, exhalations.
A cl injh, (iv of a) Making glad. Abkhurah (pl. of Jbakhr) Perfumes. Gol.
AJ abjar, (pl. of J bujr) Misfortunes, dangers, sorrows.
A Jack" abkhas, Having protuberant flesh round the eyes.
A J ibjl, (1v of J) Contenting, sufficing, satisfying.
A G+: abkhak, One-eyed, blind of an eye.
p& l bjmah, A washing-tub, a bathing-vessel, a wash
A J abkhal, Very covetous.
hand bason, a bowl, a water-glass, or drinking-vessel. p >< b-khu, An uninhabited islet in a river.
A * abjad, The name of an arithmetical verse, the letters of P t;=" abkhukh, Wry-faced, deformed. Spittle. Name of
which have different powers from one to a thousand, as follows.
This was the order of the alphabet among the Jews as far as 400. a country in Khursn. -

The six remaining letters were added by the Arabians. * 2:=" al-khar, (9;&T, SA-7, or, s-T, for -' says.)
A drinker, a carrier, or holder of water; a cistern, an ever, a
ex-3
33.3%
s-
a r
j}^
t so s
Als
+ r Q) - bathing or watering-place. A cucumber (as being a watery
vegetable). Good fortune. Splendour. Subsistence, fate.
P f ab-khrad, See Josi; also a dwelling, a residence, a
### 333 3353 #zes settlement. Delay, halt.
P --: abkhusa, Melilot, bugloss.
* J *A* ** To abandon all wordly desires and to
devote one's self entirely to God. P <-->< ab-khost, (~<7 or ~~~~*T) A cucumber,
P e;-- **) abjad kh'n, One who is learning his alphabet. a water-melon. An island. A rivulet.

r_< b-jar, Ebb tide. rj ab-khez, A spring of water, springy ground, where
Aja abjar, Having a swelling at the navel. water is found after digging a little way. A wave. A canal.
A Jar" *ial. A vein in the fore-foot of a camel or horse. P A abad, Perpetuity. A wild untractable disposition. Angry,
p ><7 b-j, An island. A rivulet. A water-melon, a cu affrighted, scared. The eye. -

cumber. A domestic, one whom you nourish. - +A A' abada, (fut. ** Ja-bidu) (It) was permanent.
r_<7 b-jr; A water-carrier; used sometimes for >7. A * abad, An age, eternity without end (eternity without be
See also 93-7. ginning being expressed by J}). Eternal. Of one year's age
* L b-jsh, Gravy.
-
or growth. Ibd, Fruitful, prolific (applied to such animals as
P g abach, A butt or mark for archers. An agricultural bring forth annually). Ibid, A female slave. One born of a
implement. female slave. A run-away she-slave or ass. A wild ass. An
P y' b-chard, A light repast taken before making a regular ass's colt. A." abbad allah, (in prayer) May God prolong
4.)
meal, a whet. The food of genii, fairies, &c. (life, happiness, &c.) c" & For ever, to all eternity. In the
* J-- ab-chashi, Giving drink to a child for the first same sense almost are e) ', e &", ****", *
time (when about six months old), preparatory to weaning him. Je", and e-A- A'. r *::: & Eternal, enduring for ever,
P J b-chin, A towel or cloth, with which they wipe the joining eternity. -

bodies of the dead; used also in the bath. -

A \,\ abadd, A big corpulent man. A man or beast that strad
A -- ibh, (iv of *) Recission, disjunction, rupture. dles from corpulency.
A <<! abhs, (pl. of G-s bahs) Questions, disputes. A "&" abad or abadan, Eternally. Never. -

A. c ibhah, (iv of cbahha) Making hoarse, causing to pro A "&" abd, (pl. of *.x bad-a) The prime joints of a slaughtered
camel. Ibdaa, (1v of is) Beginning, invention, innovation, pro
nounce thick without proper intervals in articulation.
Aj abhr, (orJ abhur) (pl. of ,- bahr) Seas. Ibhr, duction, creation. -

A cl alabadt, All kind of animal property that ls ari

(1v of ,<) Navigation. Being as salt as the sea. nually prolific, as female slaves, asses, mares, &c. -

A Jax abhas, Having thick heavy eye-brows or eye-lashes.

A Gls," ibdd, (1v of A badda) Distributing into parts, dividing
e Jl Abhul, Name of a king of Jbuls.
A Jlibkhr, (1v ofA) Making the breath to smell. among many, giving every one his proportion.
* -- - - --
p ele' abddn, Lel" or ele& \,\! sick,2 infirm. See
-

P}\l Abkhaz, Name of a country in Turkistan, the inhabi

tants of which are said to be very ferocious. else".
 &\
pJa b-dr, Watery, humid, juicy. Having a good water,
as a diamond, &c. A keeper of water, a servant whose office,
in India and Persia, is to keep water cool. Keen, sharp; of a
good water and temper, as a sword. Glancing, dazzling, re
splendent. Flowing verse. A sociable and convivial man. Amy
one possessing intellector wealth. A species of plant resembling
the fibres of a palm-tree.
AAA' ibdr, (iv of y) Having the full moon rising and shin
ing upon one.
r &&.9|A b-dr-khanah, A repository of drinking-water.
A 8's abdt, (pl. of ** bid.) Wonderful, incomparable
men. Ibdt; (iv of t) The production or publication of
something new. Fiction, device, forgery. Halting, limping, (as
cattle from fatigue). The heavy dragging of a vehicle.
A J's abdl, (pl. of J badl) Good, just, pious men.
A J's abdl, A hermit, monk, saint, an enthusiast, pretending
to inspiration, furens deo, like the ancient sybils and prophets. A
vagabond. Ibdl, (iv of J) Change, exchange, the substi
tution of one thing for another. Revolution.
P abdm, The body. -
P Je b-dn, A drinking vessel, a cistern, or any reservoir
of water, as a lake, a ditch, or a bath. The urine bladder. A
melon, a cucumber, as being full of juice. P ele abadan.
See Jel bdn.
*Js' abdn, (or J") A family, a great tribe. Worthy.
AJ's abdn, (pl. of J.A. badan) Bodies.
AJW) alabadni (dual), A she slave and a mare.
"J'ai abdndn (or eMe), Infirm. See ex~7.
pJAT abadni, (for Jel) Population, cultivation.
Aria bidat (or sa), A timorous untamed animal, a wild
beast. A fable, an apologue, a parable; a history, a romance.
Any word difficult to pronounce. Any thing strange, or un
common. An idle talker, a babbler. A great and memorable
calamity, to be remembered for ages. -
A 5Alabadat, Prolific (camel). Abaddat, Name of a town
in Spain, Ibdat, Fear, terror.
A cw' abiddat, (pl. of elA bidd) The stuffings under wooden
saddles, to prevent the galling of the camels' backs.
p w Indarm, Name of an author, and a reputed saint.
*** ib-dast, The ablution or washing of the hands, face,
"ther parts, with certain ceremonies used by the Muhamma
dans before prayer. Devotion. A holy man. Dexterous, nimble
handed. Prosperous, successful. An ewer.
"J-Aib-dastn, (Jel, ex-ff or -), An
* Water-bottle, any vessel from whence water is poured upon
* hands. Purification. Custom, manner, institute. Fraud.
pJ-A b-dastn-dr, An ewer-holder.
'J" b-dan (for ela b-dn), A pond, a lake, a conflux
of water. A drinking vessel. A cucumber, a water-melon.
"JAA abdandan, Weak, impotent, indisposed, sick. Strong,
7 _2)
firm. Fit, congruous. Base, mean, despicable. Rude, igno
rant, inexperienced. A gambler. A species of pomegranate,
a kind of a pear. Any fruit that soon dissolves in the mouth.
A kind of cake made with honey, &c.
A x!" abadiy, Eternal. (adv.) For ever and ever.
A c-" abadiyat, Eternity.
p s ab-didah, In tears, weeping.
A "&" ibr, (1v of 23.) Obscenity in conversation.
sk A2 abara (fut. 2% gya-biru) He pricked.
AA" abr, (from2") Pricking, piercing, stabbing; giving a dog
a needle in his food. Destruction, ruin, murder, defamation,
reproach. Fructification of the female palm-tree by the sprin
kling of the flowers of the male. A puncture, a sting, the point
or prominent part of any thing. Ibar, (pl. of 3A) ibrat) Needles,
points, prickles.
PA) abr or abar, (s. STH) A cloud. JSTA) Winter-clouds.
rs2) Morning-clouds. J2% or 392~2) A sponge. 2)
e- Vernal-clouds. .
P2 abar, (for 2), On, upon, above, according to. A kind of
harp or lute. Sugar, confections, preserved fruits. The curved
part of a bow. An artery. A man. The bosom. (in anc. Pers.)
The penis.
P Jy" abr-pshn, A cloudy sky. A kind of herb.
A 2' abarr, More, or more just.
A *!" ibraa, (Iv ofy.) Liberation, discharge, remission, re
lease, deliverance from danger, restoration of health.
A y! abr, (pl. of 32 bari-a) Free, discharged, absolved.
&S 22' Acquittance. &c.; *!" Freedom from responsibility.
A y" ibr, (1v of 22) Putting a ring through a camel's nose.
A 2) abrs, (pl. of ~A bars) Plain, level, and soft grounds.
A zy" abraj, (pl. of cy! burj) Towers. Signs of the zodiac.
A cy." ibrh, (iv of c2) Smiling with self-complacency, en
tertaining a good opinion of one's self. Honouring, magnifying.
Annoying, molesting. -
A e!," ibrd, (iv of 92) Cooling, refreshing, bringing (any
thing) cold, drinking cooled liquor; experiencing cold weather.
Sending a Berid or courier. Inviting to a feast.
AJ2) abrr, Houseleek. (pl. ofj brr) Just, holy, pious;
dutiful. Ibrr, (iv of 2 barra) Acceptance, justification. Vic.
tory, superiority. Departure for the desert, and continuance there.
*j}) abrs, (for J.J."), Pot-herbs, spices, elej' abrs-dn
(for e'2)Al), A pepper-box.
Ajyl ibrz, (1v ofJA) Producing, publishing. Outstripping.
A proof, a document, an edition, ejl, gi- To ad
duce proofs and documents.
A Jelibrs, (iv of Jer) Afflicting with the leprosy. Bring
ing forth a leprous child.
A JA) abrs, (pl. of J bars) Few. Ibrs, (iv of C**)
Producing young grass, just sprouting above ground.
*-
 _2) 8 - _
A Jy" abrk, (pl. of &A burkat) Stony, sandy grounds. Ibrk, lying between the districts of Fars and Ahwaz. It is situated on a
(iv of J) Flash, glitter, coruscation. Pregnancy of a camel. height, as all the names of towns compounded with the word abar
Pouring a little oil on water. denote.
A ty" abrk, (pl. of $2 burkat) Certain aquatic birds, P *A' Abarkh, Name of a town in Chaldea, or the Arabian
white and small. Ibrk (1v of 2) Making a she-camel kneel Irak. Also of another in the Persian Irak, which is commonly sup
down. posed to be the ancient Persepolis, distant 20 parasangs or 80,000
A ibram, (1v of ) Twisting a rope tight. Doing busi paces from Ispahn. It is situated on the summit of a mountain,
ness well. Wearying, disgusting. Urgency, importunity. Pro as the name implies.
ducing berries (a thorn), and unripe grapes (a vine). r eyelg" abarmdarn, A kind of sweetmeat, made with
P &y ab-ranah, Travelling by water. honey or sugar.
P sy ab-rah, (or <sy) A canal, a conduit, a pipe, an
A & abrumat, (pl. of A baram) The fruits of a prickly
aqueduct, any place through which water flows. dwarf called sic.
A **!" Ibrhim, The patriarch Abraham, surnamed Jr." P 92 aburnk, A young man.
an nabiy, The prophet, or a!!! Js. The friend of God. A ," ibrinta, Disposing or preparing one's self for any thing.
A 5A ibrat, A needle, a sting, the point of any thing, the tip P e- abranjin (or J abranjan), A bracelet. An or
of the elbow. J 32" Crane's bill (a plant). nament worn on the ankle.
A z abraj, Having fine eyes. Abruj, (pl. of z_2 burj) P zl abrandaj, Drest goat's skin.
Towers. The signs of the zodiac. A. J-A ibrinshak, Joyful, flourishing as a tree, expanding
re-2 abrajan (ex-A" or e-A), A bracelet, an orna as a flower.

ulent for the ankle. rf abr (or *A"), Dignity, honour, renown, rank, office,
A c2 abrah, More or most heavy, grievous, troublesome. elegance, gracefulness, glory, reputation. Sweat. Jy f
A &2 abrakh, One whose back bends inwardly. To disgrace. e 2.A To frown. J The chief
A 92 abrad, Colder. Showering hail-stones. Speckled with magistrate of a city. A- Jy.' The commander of an army.
white and black (a bull). J (dual) The two colds, i.e ee>227 To pay respect. e To honour.
the morning and the evening. 92) Ja- The cold fit of an ague. r x2' abru, (s. H) The eye-brow. e'," The eye-brows.
A. Se ibridat, (from 92) A disease creating impotency, oc Morning and evening. e---> To frown, knit the brow. 22
casioned by cold. Chilliness. Jej To nod, wink, beckon, approve by motion of the head or
r 2. abrisir (or -L-2), Clouds, rain. eye.
A J abrash, A dapple-grey or pye-bald horse. A place P abrud, A hyacinth, a water-lily.
variegated with herbage of different kinds. Marked with white rj," Abruz (or corruptly Alborz), Name of a mountain
or coloured spots or points. p ~ J The heavens. near Hamadn in Persia. It is famous for a number of pyrees or
P **2) abrasham, Silk, sewing silk.
temples of the Magi, in which their sacred fires were kept per
PJA) abrasham7, A silk merchant. A silk worm. Silken. petually burning.
r_*2) Abr-shahar, The old Persian name for Nishabur, one P J-A 2!," abr-firkh, Cheerfulness, ingenuousness, gene
of the four chief cities in Khursn. It signifies the high city. rosity.
A Jer" abras, Leprous. Je alabras, The moon, or her P_j J); *2) abruici-zl-sar, The golden eye-brow of Zl,
spotted disk. J -- A species of large lizard. i. e. The new moon.

r 3g' ib-raft, Any thing carried down by the current. P J abru-kan, Tweesers.
Water spilled or dried up. A stone which imbibes water. r exal abrn, Houseleek.
Ab-ruft, A stone made smooth by water flowing over it. Sprin P Jy" abruntan, (in ancient Pers.) To die.
kling water previous to sweeping. Ps:f b-ratei, Going through the water; an oar, or the like.
A J2) abrak, Pye-bald, black and white. A rope of different r- abruzei-sanam (or A abrusanam), The man
coloured hairs. Anything varied, black and white, having also drake, so called by the Persians from the resemblance of its root
a shining appearance, as the eye, &c. A coarse, stony, sandy to the human figure.
P *A abrah (see sy) The outside of a garment. Abarah, A
soil. Lapis specularis. Talk. A medicine.
A. % abrak, Most blessed. PA sponge. Abarak, A little kind of bustard, owl, or swallow. Ibrah, First fruits; early fruit.
cloud. P * abraham, Nature, essence. Name of a prophet.
pJel abrkr, Astonished, confounded, stupefied, amazed. P &y!" abrahah, A kind of bird. Name of a general, called also

p abarkkiya (or ~3%), A spider's web, a cobweb. Js, who made an unsuccessful attempt to take Mecca.
A *" Abarkbd, Name of a city in the province of Arrajn, P &rb ibrahimiyah, A kind of broth,

 L-"
p *A abri, Clouded, variegated. &S abri kghiz, A
kind of thick and shining paper (clouded from Kashmir).
A ibariy, Sharp, pointed like a needle. A needle-dealer.
A&y: ibriyat, The scurf or scales on the head; dandruff.
A ibrij, A churn.
r}}" ib-rz, A water-pipe, a spout, an urn, a bucket. A
necessary. A pool, a lake. A spade. A place of worship. J%A
A festival among the Armenians, Chaldeans, or Persians, during
which the people in their visits sprinkle one another with orange
flower, rose, or pure water. It falls upon the thirteenth day of
the month Tir, corresponding nearly to our September. A sort
of food.
A}.2 abriz (or ibriz), Pure gold.
p sft ab-zirgah, A splinter, a thorn. A hypocrite, a dis
sembler. One whose good nature, merit, or skill lie concealed.
A -A abrisam, See *A -
p *F Abrishtawim, Name of a place in Azerbijan.
P *y abrsham, Silk. Mute, dumb. 25.2% 22) The stars.
p *A abrshim, Silk. ex~A) abrshimin, Silken.
A J abrik, A bright, shining sword. An ewer, a urinal.
#A}| abaza (fut Ja-bazu), He leaped, he rushed.
A}} als, (from jl) A leap, a bound. Abiz, Leaping, bounding
like a deer, Stopping suddenly, and then rushing forward with
velocity. Assaulting, insulting, injuring. Dying suddenly.
Aj. abzr, A kind of carrot or parsnip. Pot-herbs, roots,
spiceries, &c. for seasoning meat. This word is often writteny.
P w abzr-dan, A box for spiceries, a pepper-box.
A t?' abzakh, Having a protuberance on the breast.
*} Abzar, Name of a mountain near Hamadn in Persia,
about 150 leagues westward from Ispahn.
p -' ab-zurqft, A cucumber, a water-melon. An island.
rl Absandarid, Name of a river which runs through
Ispahan from west to east. Our travellers call it Senderut. The
name implies, The river of living water, being formed from a
collection of several springs into one channel.
rej -san, A particular kind of bathing-vessel, the full
length of the human body, filled with warm water medicinally
Prepared, in which the patient sits or lies down. The bason of a
ountain. A brazen vessel in which clothes are washed. Impart
ing tranquility of mind, consoling. (imp.) Console, appease.
p ji b-zah (or *), Water flowing from a fountain. Any
kind of liquid pressed through a cullender or strainer. Pincers.
A & abza', Having a protuberance of the breast, and the
back bent.
*JAft) abidan, To fill.
ibzam, A buckle.
A.
r;| iboj, Sparks of fire. A kind of grass.
** v- 'abasa, (fut. J- ya-bisu) He rebuked, terrified.
* v- abs, (from u-') Rebuking, reproving, reproaching,
frightening; throwing in one's teeth whatever is disagreeable;
9 C-)
unkind usage. Subjugation, incarceration. Contempt, disdain,
scorn, Rough unequal ground. A male tortoise.
r J-1 Abas, Name of a city.
A_\-libsr, (iv of P-) Doing or asking anything premature
ly or unseasonably. Laying bare an unhealed wound. Mixing
unripe with ripe dates in order to press the juice from them.
Being out at sea (a ship). P Absar, A whetstone.
A U--" ibss, (1v of L- bassa) Calling to camels to come and
drink or to be milked.
A9">" abst, (pl. of "a- bistat) She-camels left at liberty
with their colts. Ibst, (1v of a-) Being left at liberty with her
colt (a camel).
A J- ibsk, (1v of G-) Having beestings in her udder,
just before she brings forth her young (a camel).
* J- absl (or J-7 absln), A vineyard, a garden.
A J-\ibsl, (iv of J-) Forbidding, prohibiting, making
unlawful. Despising. Preserving, defending. Encompassing,
surrounding. Killing, murdering.
A *) ibsam, (1v of *~) Blooming, ripening.
P J-7 absn, A bracelet.
A e- ibsn, (1v of ex-) Being beautiful.
p - ab-sabuk, Easy of digestion.
r abist (J-7, or ~"), Pregnant. A foetus, a new
born child. Abast, The pulp of a citron. Orange peel.
r " abasta, Name of a book which the Magi of Persia at
tribute to the Patriarch Abraham, whom they suppose to be the
same with Kardusht or Zoroaster. It is an explanation of the two
books called the and and Pazand; comprehending, with these
volumes, the whole religious system of the Magi or adorers of
fire; who have a tradition that Abraham repeated them in the
midst of a furnace, into which he had been thrown by the order
of Nimrod.
r & 7 abistnah, A caldron, a pot, a kettle, a wat.
P J-7 abistagi, Pregnancy.
P J-7 abistan, To be pregnant. To lie-in, to bring forth.
P *A J-7 abistan faryad, A kind of harp or lute.
r s-" abistangh, A lying-in chamber. A privy.
P J abistani, Pregnancy, conception.
r &-\ abastah, Ground prepared for sowing. An examiner,
a spy. A flatterer. Abistah, A pregnant woman. An animal
with young. The womb. A foetus.
P e- b-sard, Jelly. 9, . A-7 Cold water.
P Jy-Lb-sardan, A gonorrhoea.
p ser" ab-sardi, Water cooled by the wind.
p J-" ab-safed, A pearl, or white speck upon the eye.
P ex" Abaskin (or ex" Abkn), Name of an island in
the Caspian sea ; also of a town near Astarbd.
*_\,-7 b-suwar, Floating on the water; a bubble, &c.
P J-W ab-siyan, Tears.
P *" b-siyh (or s\t- .-W), Black water, tears.
C

PU-7 ab-sayr, Moving with an easy pace (a horse).
A L bish, One who decorates the court or vestibule of
another's house, and places in it meat and drink; a custom which
prevails in Arabia, especially on the arrival of strangers, when
every friendly neighbour brings his ornaments, his victuals, and
liquor, to the house where they reside, in order to assist in their
entertainment.
PJ Abish, Abysinnia.
#A U- abasha, (fut. 3ya-bishu) He collected.
p_\ c ib-shar (or j-T abshar), A waterfall, a cataract.
A_\-libshr, (iv of A-) Rejoicing at good news. Verdure.
Ak-libsht, (1v of a-) Making haste. Hastening another.
P ~7 basht, Concealed, hidden, covered up.
P e abishtan (or abashtan), To hide, to conceal, to cover.
P * bishtagh (<-7, *"), A back yard where
or
rubbish is thrown, a privy. A place of worship.
p_3=-T bishkhur, (9,54-7, e, or \,x*-7), A cis
tern, a reservoir. Seej. Abishkhr signifies also, The bed
of a river. A draught of water. Fortune, chance. A dwelling,
or the vestiges of one. Residence in a place.
P absham, The cone of silk in which the worm encloses
itself. A coarse kind, or the refuse, of silk.
P J-7 abishan, A bridegroom's shirt.
P J-4-7 ab-shins, Skilful in discovering springs, or convey
ing water by aqueducts. A pilot; the man who heaves the lead.
Intelligent, expert.
* <<-7 abshang, See ej.
P l b-shrah, Water cooled with saltpetre.
P --" ab-shib, Water flowing from high grounds.
sk A Je. abisa, (fut. Je". 3ya-basu) He was nimble.
A.Le' abis (or Je abus), Swift, fleet (as a horse).
A_\al absr, (pl. of ra basar) Eyes, looks. Ibsar, (iv of
ra.) Seeing, judging, or thinking. Becoming manifest.
A ta.) absat, All, universal. Foolish.
A J abs, (from J&\) Binding the fore foot of a camel with
a rope, (the knee being bent) to the shoulder or thigh. Hurting
the nerves or tendons by such ligature. Abz or abaz, A widen
ing. Motion. Rest. Uba, An age, eternity. Ubaz, The sinewy
ligature which joins the leg with the thigh on the back part.
Ubuz, (pl. of JAW) ibz) Ropes with which they fasten the feet of
camels, as above.
A Jvi.) ibzz, (1v of Li bazza) Giving little.
A &\d." ibzt (1v of83) Sorting goods for sale. Sending any
one a lot or sample. Quenching thirst. Drinking what is suffi
cient. Satisfying any one with regard to what he asks.
A 3.3, Ubzat, Name of a well near Madina.
Ala' ibt, The arm-pit. The smaller particles of sand. Name
of a place in Arabia.
A *\la) ibtaa, (Iv of a) Delay, slowness. Having a sluggish
horse or other beast of burden, that lags behind the rest.
10 G
A t' ibtkh, (1v of *) Fruitfulness in melons.
A Jua," abtal (for J'A'), A monk. Abtal, (pl. of Ja batal)
Brave warriors, heroes. Ibtil, (1v of Ja) Making void, abo
lishing.
A cal ibtn, (1v of J) Girthing a beast; girding on a
sword; lining a garment. Admitting one to intimate friendship.
A *|Abtah, The marshes of Nabatha between Wasit and
Basrah. A low-lying place full of mud near Mecca; Mecca itself.
a j) abtar, Having a thick and prominent upper lip.
A s abtat, Having the inner part of the lips whitish, as
among the Ethiopians. Toothless, particularly in the lower jaw.
A Ja) abtal, More or most vain, or fruitless.
J abtan, A vein in the lower part of the leg of a horse.
A
Abtun, (pl. ofe batn) The inner parts of any thing.
J* ibtiy, Axillary. Ja" alibtiy, The axillary vein.
A.
A A. abzar, Uncircumcised. Having a protuberance on the
upper lip.
A \ ib, (iv of y) Lending. A loan.
A s abad, (pl. of Ax, butd) Distances. 3.5.3.x." The three
distances, i. e. The length, depth, and breadth of the universe.
Ibtad, (1v of Ax') Placing at a distance.
A j" abar, (pl. of a batr) Dung of camels or sheep.
A J" abaaz, (pl. of J batz) Parts of a thing. Ibais, (iv
of Lx) Abounding in gnats.
A x ibeat, (1v of law) Removing to a distance (particularly
with cattle for the benefit of pasture). Pride. Ignorance, im
prudence. An indecent word, a shameful action. Disparity of
strength.
A *) abad, Very remote. Rebellious, injurious.
A \" ibgha, (iv of s) Seeking, enquiring for another. As
sisting another in searching for anything.
A J4%) abghz, (pl. of J& bughs) Hatreds. Ibghz, (iv of
Lik) Bearing hatred.
A Jlibghl, (1v of J) Celerity, dispatch.
A " abghas, Dusty, inclining to a brown or dusky colour.
A sandy or dusty place.
A & abghisat, (pl. of c baghas, bughas, or bighas) Kites
and other birds of prey, of the inferior kind of the hawk species.
A J*) abghaz, Hating extremely. Most odious.
r 3) abaft, A kind of coarse cloth.
P **) abarah, A stallion.
A cy." alfan, Berries of the wild olive.
A Jbik, (part.) A run-away slave. Fugitive. Quicksilver.
*A G" abaka, (fut. G ya-baku, or ya-biku) The slave ab
sconded.
A G.) abk, (from c) The running away of a slave. Abak,
A kind of bark with which they make ropes.
A \,\ ibk, (1v of J) Confirming, establishing. Keeping.
Pitying, regarding with compassion.
 c 11
A jibkk, (ivofl bakka) Loquacity, prattle. Fecundity,
A Jllabkl, (pl. of J, bakl) Pot-herbs, beans. Ibkl, (iv
of J) Being, or rendering fruitful, in pot-herbs, or herbage in
general, Cooking the herb t).
Aj abkir, Nitre.
A t abkat, (Apye) variegated, black and white. (A year)
partly fruitful, partly barren. (Land) poor and sterile.
Aylubkr, (pl. of 5; bakarat) Oxen.
A J abka', May he live, or be preserved (when used in
prayer after the name of any prince).
P J abuk, Quicksilver. A bason filled with water. Any
thing watery. Measles, wheals, blisters.
A-8 abakk, A severe season (for cattle). One who takes
care of the property of his relations. Wise. Name of a place.
A Qibk, (iv of 3 for J) Making one to shed tears.
*\ -kr, A water-carrier, a sprinkler. A wine-merchant,
a drinker of wine. A jeweller, a polisher of gems. A distillery.
FAQ abkr, Agriculture.
Aj% abkr, (pl. of K, bikr) Virgins, maidens. Ibkr, (iv.
of}) Performing any thing in the morning. Taking time by
the forelock.
f b-kri, A tax on the manufacture and sale of spi
rituous liquors, and intoxicating drugs. P A distillery.
A & ibkam, (1v of ) Silencing, striking dumb. Muteness.
Abstaining from cohabitation with a wife.
r &&." b-kmah, A kind of gruel or drink, prepared in dif
erent ways, for creating or assisting digestion.
pJK' ah-kn, See < -
JA
P e-ey b-gun sadaf (or v s ab-gun kafas),
The heavens. The sun and moon.
P &T ab-gah, A watering-place, a cistern, a reservoir.
PAft ab-gir, Any hollow place where water collects and
stagnates; a pond, a ditch. A watering-pot.
P &\s- s abgin-khnah, A bee-hive.
P < ab-ginah, A mirror. A drinking-glass, . A foil set
under gems. Wine. A lover's tears. J " A name
for the most transparent glass. j .< The heavens.
A J abil, (part.) Supplying the absence of water by fresh
grass (a camel, &c.). Expert in the management of camels,
Sitting gracefully upon a camel, though not accustomed to ride.
Name of several places. The lesser cardamom.
A J abl, (from J") Possessing many camels; skill and care
in the management of them. Ibl, A camel, the camel species.
Clouds threatening rain. Ubl., (pl. of J abil) Christian monks.
Abal, Moist, wet, humid. New hay. Dry hay. Depression of
spirits, oppression of the stomach (from bad air or indigestion).
Abil, A corpulent camel. Ubul, Grass or stubble remaining
after reaping or mowing, or left uncropped by cattle. JJ
iblun ubbalun, Camels straying without a keeper.
A J aball, More or most humid, moist. A perjured man, a
wicked wretch, a hypocrite. Smooth, bare.
A \,\ abl, (pl. of J bily, or * bilic) Fatigued, emaciated
(camels). Worn out with cares and misfortunes, inured to dis
tress, tormented. Administrators or curators of money or other
estates. Ibla, (1v of J.) Wearing out a garment. Tempt

ing, trying, proving. "Making one a partaker of any benefit.

r" Ab-kabd, The China sea. An excellent sword.
*A abkur, (pl. of K, bikr) Young camels. Virgins.
rvi b-kash, A water-carrier. A leathern water-bottle.
re- abkashin, A bracelet.
P &T abkam, A kind of serpent.
A & abkam, Dumb.
p <! b-kumah, A dark-coloured and fetid water found in
certain fish, applied in cases of fracture.
r x&i ib-kand (or s ab-kandah), Any hollow channel
excavated by the rushing of a torrent; a place
collects and stagnates. A pond.
A J abka', Weeping more.
P & Abag, Name of a pleasant town near Shirz.
p j ab-guzr, A ford, a ferry. An express.
' al-gusar, A canal, a channel for water.
*Ji ib-gardish, A whirlpool, an eddy. A fleet horse.
Wertigo. Crop sickness.
b-gr; A horse-trough, an aqueduct.
p v b-gr-kash, A worthless fellow.
"s" b-gn, Water-coloured, azure, liquid blue. Glass.
Ice. A brightsword. A kind of knife. A river. Starch mixed
with blue,
Swearing. Requiring one to swear. Making manifest. Puri
fying. Having enough, being content. \\ Alabla, Name of
a well.
A t iblakh, (1v of *) Pride, haughtiness.
A s ablad, (pl. of a balad) Signs, marks. Iblad, (iv of
*) Cleaving to the earth; being poor. Having a sluggish beast.
A J ibls, (1v of J) Despair, brokenness of spirits, si
lence from grief or eager desire; astonishment, stupor. Being
where water
prevented from performing the pilgrimage to Mecca.
A -\,\ iblt, (1v of ) Sticking close to the ground. Poverty
Importuning, troubling.
A. &\ iblt, (1v of t) Causing to swallow.
A. &\ iblgh, (iv. oft) Causing to arrive.
A s iblk (iv of G.) Opening wide a door.
A J iblani, Two troops of camels, two flocks of sheep, &c.
A &\ ablat, A petition, any thing wanted, necessity, indi
gence. Iblat, Hostility, enmity. Ublat, A murrain, a blight.
Abalat, Heaviness or oppression of spirits (from indigestion or
bad air). A fault, a crime. Dates bruised between two stones
and then milked upon. Abilat, Prolific (camel). Ibalat, Amy
thing which one has got to ask or do; a petition. Abullat, A
C 2
 c l2
quantity of dates. Name of a very pleasant place near Basrah.
Ibillat, Progeny. Ubullat, Companions, tribes.
A * ablaj, Having distant eye-brows, (in opposition to those t J.
which meet at the nose). Clear, bright, resplendent, evident.
A 7. Us!" iblijaj, (1x of) Clearness, brightness, perspicuity.
A 2'4' ablah, The myrobalan nut.
A * ablakh, A proud man.
A M4) ablad, Having distant eye-brows. Corpulent.
A More or most perfect, most effectual. s
t." ablagh,
*;--> The most proper and effectual manner.
A c ablak, Pye-balled, black and white, party-coloured.
A lute, a harp. Name of a tribe. c Name of the fortress of
**e: J.- , said to have been built by Solomon, and consi
dered impregnable. <!"G! Behind the back. 'C' The
world; fortune. P t-G' (or 43.J.') Night and day.
Time. The world. J ** '" Happiness, felicity, good
fortune.
A \ ablak. A starling.
P = <!" ablag, Pye-balled. Abalag, or abilg, A spark of fire.
...A ablam, Having swelled lips. A kind of pot-herb like a
bean. The leaves of the bdellium tree.
P z abluj, Sugar-candy. Bruised loaf-sugar.
P ablak, A double-faced man, a hypocrite.
P & T bilah, A blister, a pimple, a felon, a freckle; the small
pox. A bubble floating on the water. --> 24.7 A pearl or
white speck upon the eye. <<!, *** The stars. 32 y .47
The sun. &A.47 The French pox.
A 43' ablah, Foolish, simple, ignorant, bashful. Vain, arro
gant. Virtuous, prudent (woman). Patient of labour and thirst
(a camel). Jie a!" Simple (from bashfulness) yet intelligent.
* Jr. A & Deceit. & Je (or *) --~~) Youth, an easy
life, free from care. &\,-\: A thoughtless blundering youth.
a J." ablahi, Silliness, folly.
A J Abla', Name of a ridge of mountains on the road lead
ing from Mecca to Madna.
A J.' ibly (or ibbaliy), Belonging to camels, possessing or
being rich in camels. Ubally, A Christian monk.
A Jlibiis, The devil. U-52 v." The deceitful devil.
A \-" iblis, Plainness, smoothness.
r &\-" iblisanah, Diabolically.
P *' blisah, (<!" or l), A sower, a husbandman.
A **) iblim, Ambergris.
Honey.
A * abamm, The bass string of a musical instrument. A bass
voice. ~by A bass-viol.
* Gl ibmik, The coulter of a plough. A yoke of oxen.
>kA e." abana, (fut. J 3ya-bunu or ya-binu) He suspected.
Ae" ibn, A son. It is written c bin when preceded by a kers. It frequently forms the figure called metonymy, as 3.
Proper name and followed by the name of the father, as . " The father of desires, i.e. a lover. eu--" " Sulphur.
*** c Hasan son of Muhammad. e-) c Name of a Jas- 3." A horse. ***";" A kettle in which an entire sheep
~\
-**
certain holy man. l- J.' Name of Layla's husband. J.'
Jr." The son of the way, i.e. a traveller. -- c Rain.
The sun. A bastard. --~) J.' Wine. c e!"
Cold. &J) c The son of God. Unfortunate, unhappy. e'
\"" Any water-fowl. *}. J." The moon. & c" Name of
the inventor of the present Arabic character. *-'er." An only
Son. 3;" J.' A time-server, a sycophant. c A jackal.
&z=- J.' Bread. Sex" The morning. _* J.' A partridge.
There are innumerable surnames formed by the interposition of
this word (as well as of? father), as "Are J J- J->
U-A t- *- c (which literally implies, The father of Aliy
the excellent, the son of Abdallah (i.e. the servant of God), the
son of Sn, the doctor, the chief). Name of a celebrated phi
losopher and physician, known in Europe by the name of
Avicenna.
A abn (from e!") Suspicion, supposition. Coagulation,
J.'
clot, blackness, (as of blood in a wound). A concretion or knot
in wood. Calumny, censure, opprobrious language. Abin, or
bin, Thick (soup, &c.). Dry meats. Uban, (pl. of &lub.nat)
Enmities, secret grudges. Knots in wood. -
A U-" abni, (pl. of e!" ibn) Sons. Barbarians, foreigners
dwelling in Arabia Felix. 35 ye t Mean ignoble men. P s
~ (or ; ; *"), Companions, of the same rank, quality,
:: s Men, animals, or plants. A-'s-,
(J *', re- *', or jy J"), Sons of the age, cotem
poraries. Ibn, (iv of J.-) Ordering a building to be erected.
Fattening.
P e;-- abnakhun (or e;--" ambkhn), A fortress.
A s." abnawiy, Barbarous, applied to strangers resident in
Arabia. -
A c-c! ibnat, A daughter. Ubnat, A vice, a stain, a spot.
An unnatural propensity. Fraud, dissimulation, a secret hatred.
A knot in wood. The throat of a camel, the head of the asper
artery.
Pi-" ab-nukrah, Quicksilver, liquid silver. See ---.
pu--T bnis, Ebony. A kind of fish.
PJ-47 abnisi, Made of ebony. t. J-47 An ebony pipe.
A pipe played on any festivity.
P e--' abnoshidan, To drink water. To be stupified,
astonished, or benumbed.
A J Ubna', Name of a place in Syria.
A *" abniyah, (pl. of s baniy) Edifices, fabrics.
A :) abw (or \,\ ab), Educating. p Ab, A water-lily.
A: ab, A father. This word has often the sense of 28 zu,
having, endowed with, possessed of, as e--" 3: Possessed of
beauty. -- Having daughters. ~);& 3:) Wearing whis
 )
_*
may be dressed. c9||x| The father of spirits, i.e. Quicksilver.
Jlly! A tiger. Jy Adam, as the father of man. 3.)
* The father of the little fortress, i.e. a fox. y 3." A
phynx us". Name of othmin the third Khli sl
The father of life, i.e. rain. J.-* The father of stratagem,
i.e. a fox. !'; The father of health, i.e. sugar. : or
-*} A musical pipe. ~\ Water. The first chapter
of the Kuran. \x";" Name of a celebrated poet. J A
vulture, which they say lives 1000 years. L A heron. 3."
c"The father of relief, i. e. water. Name of the
author of a Universal History called J-s (the Compen
dium of the Times), published with a Latin translation by the
learned Pocock. Ji (The father of excellence), a very
learned and accomplished man, secretary to the great Sultn
Akbar, Emperor of Hindustn, and author of the elegant history
of the Mogul Emperors (in Persian) called Akbar namah. ;"
J Name of a famous orator. Elias): A crow. J."
The father of compliments, i.e. a drinker of healths. Jsi)3.
Anythingnew, rare,or agreeable. A facetious, witty, or well-bred
man. A buffoon, a jester, a mimic. It is written also g 3." and
Jsi. J"; A mule. 5,); The father of the wife,
i. e. a husband. Al-J); A lark. >
A cheese.
al Wine. *"; A fox. -\}) : A flea. Us) 3.
Name of Aliy, son-in-law of Muhammad. Ja The father
L Name of a speckled bird.
of the watch, i.e. a cock.
A: (father of the maid), The father-in-law, and first Khli,
or successor to Muhammad. y2" Name of Ally, son-in-law
to Muhammad. A 3.) The city of Thebais, where the finest
opium is produced. t- ;" A tray. 2'-3' Bread. Ax-3)
The father of the curled hair, i.e. a wolf. Jia- ?" A fly.
J-> Alkanet root. e-a-3." Bugloss plant. J.--> Pot
herbs. Jr: The father of ignorance. Name of an uncle of
Muhammad. -j-3.) A tiger. & e-3." Name of the first
great Muhammadan lawyer. Al-" A dog. J-> A cat.
~as "Flesh. -->"Melilot, bugloss plant. Je: "A bull.
Jy Senna. *j," Name of a person mentioned in the Mu
knt-i-Haririy. J-3' A cock. -> The father of the
word, a name of Ndir Shh. Je: Milk. x" Name of
**her of Aliy. }}." A druggist. Je: A hyaena. 3."
** A bug, a flea.Ke;" A pigeon. Jlex" A species of
violet,**} Hunger. ex=x" A date. Salt. J-A: A tiger.
L Name of Nutmn king of Arabia. v" A herb
used in dying. v An ape. -x' A Dutch coin cur
rent in Egypt, &c. something inferior in value to a Spanish
P (4s. 8d.) It bears the impression of a lion, which how
er the Arabians have changed to 43 a dog, perhaps to show
their *empt for Christians, or on account of its base alloy. 3.)
A Name of niland near Alexandria. 3.}}." A drum. /***)
A sparrow. r;" The father of sorrow, i.e. the devil. 3.
13 3.)
--!> A bull. Vil A horse. Al" (Father of conversa
tion), the famous astronomer and astrologer, known in Europe
by the name of Albumazar. He died an. 885. J;-a--> The
father of defence, i.e. a city. ****) A horse. s-95." Com
fection. 8-39 ' Winegar. *: Hatred. 52 P2) The father
of the kitten; name of one of Muhammad's companions. \,-->
Name of the angel of death, whom the Arabians call likewise
Azrayil, and the Persians Murdd; whose office it is, according
to Muhammadan belief, to separate the soul from the body.
A "*" abica, (pl. of ~ ab) Fathers. A goat indisposed from
the smell of urine. Abwa (or Ibwa), Name of a village between
Mecca and Madna where the tomb of Muhammad's mother is
venerated.
A 3' abwb, (pl. of ~\, bb) Doors. Chapters. Dues,
fees, taxes. (in India) An assessment on lands over and above
the original rent. <-!" <2\,. (The port of ports), the fortress
of Darband on the Caspian sea. Js") -'' A register of
receipts and disbursements of the household and revenue. -->"
~~~) (The ports of felicity), the title of a book, JW-5."
A register containing the amount of revenue, with the increase
or deficiency. P '- &\#.-:) Taxes levied on the retailers
of liquors and other articles in bazars attached to the garrisons.
J- .e.-:) New taxes, arbitrary impositions. c- 2;"
Old, established taxes. -se .*-'' An imposition levied to
defray the marriage expenses of a Rj, chief, or great land
holder. --; .-:) Charges and fines in criminal courts.
N. B. There are many other taxes designated by the word
-:) joined to another. -:) ** By all means, in every
way.
Aj." abrz, (pl. of ju bz) Falcons, hawks.
A J abirds, (pl. of Je bars) Colours. Kinds (of cattle).
A 8'2" abwda, (pl. of {? baret) Honours, nobilities, high
nesses. Fathoms. A sheep which gives much milk.
A J';" abwk, (pl. of J2, bak) Crooked trumpets, clarions.
A J);" abwal, (pl. of Jr. bawl) Numbers. Urines.
A -e); abaicni (dual), The parents, father and mother.
rej' abilbn (or c"), (for ev" or J"), Re
pentance.
A &;" abicibat, (pl. of ~\, bb) Gates, doors, chapters.
A <>x" ubut, (from ") Warmth, heat. Tumour from
drinking.
A ~x" abawat, A family, a tribe. Ubawat, Paternity.
A abbitt, A meadow, any place full of herbage.
A ubad (from A^) Durability, permanency. Desolation.
(pl. of M abad) Ages.
A "eye;) Abildard, Name of a companion of Muhammad.
rj," ab-warz, A swimmer. .
Aj." abz, (agt.) Leaping, springing. Ubuz, (from A")
Springing, bounding.
A J abus, Swift, fleet.
 & 14
* Jy' abus, Very swift (horse).
a Jl ubil, (from Jl) Supplying by green herbage the
Place of water (cattle). Sprinkling or moistening with water
or the juice of herbage. Wandering in the night and pasturing rejecting, loathing. Averse, refractory, untractable, difficult,
without a shepherd; straying, running away (camels). Grow
ing long (grass). Stopping, or remaining in a place (with
camels). Ibbawl, A troop of camels, herd or flock of cattle,
horses, birds, &c. a series or string of them following one another.
J" abumn, Repentance.
P
ex" abun, (pl. of ~ ab) Fathers. PAbn, Elecampane,
A
ginger. A e- Dayr Abbun, Name of a monastery in Me
sopotamia.
A &;" abwinat, (pl. ofe); biwn or buwan) Tent-posts.
P l b-wand, A vessel in which water is kept.
A s Ubwa', Name of a place. See Abica above.
P J: abyn, Repentance.
A c" abawayni, (oblique dual) The parents.
# A &" abaha or abiha, (fut. s ya-bahu) He recollected.
A "abah (from 4') Attention, recollection, remembrance.
r & abah, Clear, limpid, pure, sincere. Name of a village
in Media, now called Awa.
A &" abahh, Hoarse.
A ' abh, (pl. of 38 baht.) Projecting tents. Ibh, (iv of
3:) Demolishing a house or a tent. Rending a garment. Empty
ing a vessel. Keeping unemployed.
A abaht, (irreg. pl. of - ab) Parents, ancestors.
A. -\#" ibhj, (1v of z) Gladness. Verdure, luxuriance.
A Jlibhl, (1v of U+) Irrigating a sown field. Giving one
liberty to do what he pleases. Blandishment, flattery.
A ** ibham, (1v of *#) Shutting the door. Leaving (any
thing) concealed and unknown. Being doubtful and uncertain.
Turning away from any design. Producing abundantly the plant
J (the earth). Doubt, concealment, mystery. The thumb,
the great toe. (in gram.) The demons. pron. "As This, &c.
A " ubhat, or ubbahat, Magnificence, grandeur, glory.
AA' abhar, The back. A vein in the back. The jugular
vein, the axillary vein, a great artery. The narrower edge of a
pen or feather. The back of a bow; also that curved part from
the handle to the extremities or horns of a bow. Cultivated
ground, but not overflowed. Name of a city. P A mill.
A Je" abhal, The juniper, or the sabine tree and fruit.
r J" ubhul, The seed of the cypress.
A c" abham, Dumb. Stammering, stuttering.
P Jeff Abihi, Name of a river, called also f Ahu.
A J' abha', More or most beautiful.
* Je'abhini, A man having a black lip.
rus' abi, Watery, aquatic. Blue. A quince. A kind of
grape. s' 20:2 A water-house or reservoir. A building in the
The constellation Aquarius. s' 28 r A water-fowl, a
Ulck.
G"
skA e aba', (fut. J ya-ba' or ya-bi) He refused.
& abi (or 93. Wi), Without.
P
J. abiy, (for x" abawiy) Paternal. Abiy, Refusing,
A
inaccessible. Loathed, despised. J The lion (because un
tractable). A proper name. -** J (Loathing meat), name
of one of Muhammad's companions. "
A e ubayy, (for:" ubayr, din. of ~ ab) A little father.
A J. Abba', Name of a man, of a well in Madina, of a river
near Kufa, and of another in the marshes of Wasit.
A " abyit, (pl. of s- bat) Verses, distichs.
rj' ab-yr, A waterer, a sprinkler. --'7 Irrigation.
P* abyari, A kind of thin linen cloth. A species of dove.
Pe abyn, Penitent.
A &" ibyat, A stoppage of milk in the breast. Abiyat, A
-
female refusing the male. Ubiyat, Pride, ostentation, great
ness.
p 2.7 abid, A spark of fire.
A ' abid, Sempiternal, durable. ~" An evergreen.
re'' abidad (or e), Tyranny, injustice.
A se' Abidat, Name of a place in Arabia.
**) abir, A bucket. A spark. Tears. A shirt.
A ' ubayr, (dim. of 32' ibrat) A small needle. Name of a
mountain, of a well, and of a man.
A. Jr.' ubayrak, A vesture of coarse silk.
A** Ubayrah, (dim. of ~!" Ibrhm) A little Abraham.
rj ab7: G: or ;-) for j'), Sparks of fire. An urn.
Pe- abstan, To adorn, to embellish, to decorate.
A L' abish (for e- abishan), A bridegroom's shirt.
P .' abisham, The flue of raw silk; the silk-worm's cone.
A Liz" abyax, White. A sword (as being bright). Silver. A
man of unsullied character. Certain stars in the milky way.
Jir ' Milk. Jir' --> Sudden death. Ubayyiz, (dim, of
J" ibaz) A small rope for tying a camel's leg.
A Jewis' ibyisaz, (1x of Jin) Being white. Whiteness.
A Jin" abyazni, Two days, or two months. Ji Milk
and water; wheat and water; fat and young (the two whites).
A \ abyit, (pl. of 8- bayi: ) Buyers and sellers.
r c" abik, A brilliant colour. A depilatory drug.
AAr" ubaykar, (dim. of K, bakar) The morning.
A Jr.' abil, Sad, melancholy. An austere Christian monk.
The chief of those monks in the East. A thick batoon, a truncheon.
A &" abilat, A bundle of grass or hay.
A J- ubay y, An austere Christian monk, weeping over the
sins of the age.
p J-7 Abin, Name of a village near Shirz, where mummies
are preserved.
A Jr.' abyan, More eloquent. More or most clear and evi
dent. Ibyan, A proper name.
 \\
Aulabyin, (pl. of c bayyin) Evident. Eloquent.
p*" abiv, (for abi) Blue-coloured.
rl Abiward, Name of a city in Khursn.
re" alyn, (ex) or ex'), Opium.
re * abi yahmiya, A cramp, a spasm.
PJ ipr, Thyme, sweet marjoram.
ylapirah, Extended, level. Simple.
*Alapidar, Here, behold!
* Alipri, Soil, earth, mould.
p t aprndkh (or &lay), Goat's skin drest.
P-2 aparkhidah, Clear, pure, without alloy.
p *2 upurnk, (in anc. Pers.) A youth. Turks.
*}: aparwaz, Victorious, glorious. Name of a king. A
machine for the refining of sugar. A sieve. A guide.
p J- upsan, (for e- afsn) A whetstone.
p * apshk, Dew.
f slipghadah, Wain, foolish, light-headed.
p sft apganah, (for &@ afgnah) An abortion.
p & apk, Making a noise by filling the mouth with wind,
and then striking it.
PU-2) apirush, A stadium, a race-ground.
p & ipayrak, Of the colour of lead. Name of an island.
**) apz (or *::: apizah), An urn, a pitcher. A crooked
billet with which they draw water.
* - at, The affix pronoun of the second person, as ~\\y
Thy pride, c", &\s- Thy house.
A -latt, (from ~" atta) Overcoming in an argument, con
vincing by proof, gaining a cause.
A it, (pl. of J ata') Things fallen into, and floating on
the water (as wood, leaves, &c.)
rl at (or ita), A father.
AG ati, A blessing. Plenty. Butter. Ita, Any thing pro
duced by a tree, (as blossoms, fruit, &c.).
A-i tb, (pl. of Jlitb) Short breeches, drawers.
r &latbak, (from Gatia father, and t bak a prince)
The lord father (a title given by historians to kings or prime ruining, destroying (misfortune).
ministers). Jar".<\,\ The prime minister, or grand vizir, and
metimes the king himself. A guardian, a preceptor, a teacher. ".
At slatt, Pomp, grandeur. <!) c" Household stuff.
A 3-5) ithat, (1v of z) Determining. Being determined.
A J'atd, A rope with which they tie together the legs of
a cow, whilst milking.
p s it-dah, Tributary. Offering a bribe.
Ay it-rat, (iv ofj) Fixing the eye intently upon any A clittihd, (v111 of**2) Being single. Union, concord,
"ing. Striking with a stick.
A j itrat, (iv of J) Reiterating, repeating.
**"iteat, (iv of F-5) Calling. Vomiting repeatedly.
AJ it-k, (Iv of J j) Filling a leathern bottle.
*litkat, (iv of J) Bending a bow very much, drawing
the arrow to the head.
1
5 c
A &t" itkat, Plucking out (hairs, feathers, &c.).
P &W) atlah, Pottage, gruel.
A cl atlk, A guardian, a tutor.
A & U" it-amat, (1v of **) Bringing forth twins. Conjugal
intercourse.
A P Jl atn (or itn), A she-ass, wild or domestic. A A seat
at the mouth of a well where they drink. The seat of a camel's
saddle, or the cushion in litters carried by camels on which tra
vellers recline. Je J A stone in the water, the upper part
appearing above; a hard round stone placed near a well.
A er atanin, (pl. ofe attan) Furnaces.
A s itwah (or cu"itwat), Tribute. Corruption, bribery,
a present to a judge with the view to gain a cause.
A atw, Futurity. A guest, a stranger, a foreigner, a
traveller. (pl. of $39) itwat) Tributes.
A **) atwh, (pl. of 4.5 tih) Deserts,
A ~~) itb, A kind of short shift or inner garment, without
sleeves, worn by women in Arabia. A kind of drawers.
P \ ath, An arrow.
A -\litbb, (1v of tabba) Debilitating, enervating.
A t itbs, (iv of e-j) Carrying away a wounded man.
A_\" attr, Ashes used for manure. Itbr, (iv. of ri) Be
ing cut or broken off; being interdicted, separated, prohibited.
A j ittibr, (v111 of 23) Being broken off, separated, in
terdicted.
A J--" ittibas, (v111 of U-r) Being dried up.
A t atbt, (pl. of 8-5 tabat) Followers, dependents, ser
wants. Itb8, (iv of 85) Following or causing to follow,join
ing one to another. (in gram.) When one word follows another
without altering the sense; as ex- J-- hasan basan, Hand
SOrne.
A ittibat, (v11.1 of **) Following, pursuing. Obedience.
P &\ ---, J A command necessary to be obeyed.
A Jlitbl, (iv of Jj) Making weak, sick or insane (love):
A -- ittitb, (viii of ~\) Putting on drawers. See
A z ittijaj, (v11.1 of z) aija) Being hot, being kindled.
A_\ ittijr, (v11.1 of AF) Trading, dealing. Commerce.
A_\ ittijr, (v11.1 of >3) Administering medicine.
A sl ittijh, (v111 of 4-5) The entering of a thought into
the mind.
intimate friendship.
A it-hf, (1v of -is) Giving. A present, a gift, a
donation. -
A *** at-ham, Black.
A ** at-hamzy (or ***- at-hamiyat), A kind of striped
cloth, manufactured at ** At-ham in Arabia Felix. -
 C-3) 16 c
A c itkhkh, (1v of t takhkha) Leaving dough to be ittism, (v111 of -:) Placing a mark upon one's self
A --"
come sour. Kneading well. whereby one may be known.
A 3- ittikhz, (viii of 3-D Taking to one's self; assump P utast, Name of a plant (Boerhavia diffusa).
tion, choice, election. Preparing (food). Beginning. rj-" Atsiz (orj- Atsiz), Naine of a king of the Khoras
A ** itkhm, (1v of **) Producing an indigestion (food). mian dynasty.
A ls ittikham, (VIII of **) Being oppressed (the sto r J atish, (or according to Castellus L-7 atash), Fire.
mach). Indigestion. - Sulphur. Digestive heat. Rage. Desire, appetite, love. A
A & atkhimat, (pl. of *takhm) Boundaries, limits. courageous man. The devil. Light, lustre, beauty. Rank,
A. J ittidan, (v111 of J) Being steeped. Steeping. dignity, value. Dearness, scarcity. J27. J A sword of
A y itr, (iv of sy) Doing things in a train, with intermit good temper. Use". L The seven planets. J-Tu-7 A
ting intervals between each. thunderbolt. JJ' Sorrow, grief, desire, love, ~...~7
A. -j) atrb, (pl. of ~; tirb) Companions, equals, peers, Burnished gold. J J-7 A rose, a tulip. e. -> U-7 Wine.
cotemporaries. Itrb, (1v of ~;) Strewing with earth. The bustle of a market. Injustice, oppression." ele J.J."
A. cy atrh, (pl. of cy tarah) Troubles, cares, vexations.
Wine. Injustice, oppression. exe us, L! The sun. Rage,
Py) atrr, Barberries. fury. Wine. A ruby. &\j J.C.-7 Wine. A ruby, a cor
Ay" itrar, (iv of ; tarra) Cutting off, throwing away. e-y U*. The Persian fire. The disease called St.
nelian.

Proscription, banishment. A child's game. Utrr, Name of a Anthony's fire. c-: U-7 To be hasty or unsteady. To op
town in Turkistan. press. 72 U-7 Wine. Tears of grief. A goblet of wine.
A J-7| atris, (pl. of U.P. turs) Shields, targets. **** L Obliterated, abandoned, burnt. F U-7 Liquid fire,
A Je; itrs, (iv of Je;) Confirming, establishing. Making (met.) Wine. The lip of a mistress. 22; Ll Soup for the
even, or straight. sick. 55- &; J-7 Wine. J-- J-7 (or el- Jl
A &P itrt, (iv of 8 F) Filling. Jrj) Red wine in a goblet of crystal or gold. j-e- Jl
A F. itrf, (iv of -5.) Bestowing the luxuries of life. Se A fire consuming the world. As-Ll Fire struck from a flint.
ducing, corrupting; rendering effeminate and dissolute (af ** U-7 The light of the sun. Love. Grief e-lev
fluence). To set on fire. To shoot. To provoke. To unsettle the mind.
A "A" atrak, (pl. of - turk) Turks. To abandon. Jse.J." A burning up of stubble, to fertilize
A "P" ittirak,(v11.1 of3) Leaving, abandoning, dismissing. the land. By U-7 Wine made from grapes. J-9.0-7
A & Fl atribat, (pl. of ~); turb) Grounds, earths, sands. Angelic bodies. 32) J-7 The sun. Jej U-7 See Je J
P ~, Utrut, Name of a certain king. J.U." Lustre, elegance, beauty. prj U-7 The sun. Us"
A z utruj, An orange. , Red wine. The lip of a mistress. --Li Name of a
A -y utruijat, One single orange. medicinal plant. LU-5' Fire struck from a stone by the hoof
A &P atrae, Wehement, intense. Filling, replenishing. of a horse. "ex-U-7 Love. Pensiveness, melancholy. J-7
A atraf, Having a protuberance on the upper lip. J- Red wine. j- --L The world-adorning sun.
A c utrunj, An orange. As J Wine. A pomegranate. * L (or --~~~~")
P -> atrub, A kind of disease which renders the skin loose The sun. t L | Moroseness, harshness. 39-3 vl Con
and flabby. gealed fire, i. e. gold. ey U-T A fire lighted by the cara
AJA) utrur, The servant of a praetor; a bailiff. Name of a vans at night, to direct those who have remained behind. U.J.'
bird. A youth arrived at puberty. s.As The fire of the stomach, i.e. hunger. J.--L-7 The
A ittizt, (v11.1 of {j}) Abstaining, refraining. fiery pillar which served as a guide to the Israelites. Lj
A ey) ittizn, (v111 of ej) Receiving money by weight. ex-. To appease anger, to quell a riot. J- J-7 The
Correctness of measure in a poem. beauty of the spring. &s, s -is U-T The seven planets.
A t- ittisakh, (v11.1 of) Being dirty; filthiness. J J" A sword with an Indian blade. 7, U-7 A sword.
A_\-Wittisr, (v111 of, ] Distributing by lot the limbs of a A goblet of wine.
slaughtered camel. Playing at dice, casting lots. P 35); U-57 tish-afrzah, A rocket.

A &\- ittisie, (v111 of 85) Completing the number nine.
Watering camels on the ninth day. -
A &\- ittis, (viii of 3-2) Being ample, extended, dif
fused. Being comprehended, or contained.
A J-Wittisk, (v11.1 of G-2) Being joined, connected, ar
ranged. Being convened, assembled. Being complete.
rj," L tish-afros, Kindling a flame. An eolipile.
P&j," J tish-afrzanah, Chips, shavings. A tinder
box.
A J-Wittishk, (v111 of c-p) Drying oblong slips of meat.
pj"J" U-7 tish-andz, Casting out fire.
- r2: U-7 tish-angez, Kindling fire. Fuel. An incendiary.
 c 17
is;
Jv' tish-br, Raining fire, flaming, fiery. A fire-lock,
a tinder-box. J-7 & A flaming sword.
rjv tish-bs, Playing with fire. A maker of fire
fx.
works. An engineer. Lightning,
p * U-7 tish-bz, Fire-works, a bonfire, a feu-de-joie.
re J atish-ban, A devil, a demon.
re, J tish-barg, A tinder-box.
rvv itish-bs, The fire displayed to Moses on mount
Sinai, Wine.
- ry, J tish-prah, A spark of fire, a lighted coal, a
match. A candle. The moon. A glow-worm. Litigious.
** J tish-pity, Restless; a mettlesome horse.
* --> U-7 tish-parast, A fire-worshipper, a Guebre.
"Jj U-7 tish-partcar, A shining sword.
J tish-paykar, The sun. A spirit, a demon.
r U-7 tish-tb (or &G Jff atish-tabah), A furnace,
astove, a grate. One who superintends a furnace.
r; J tish-tw (or ; U-7 tish-t), Warmth, heat. A
furnace,
A 2-latshah, Impetuous; an enthusiast.
r;&v tish-khtir, A man in love. One of a quick un
derstanding, or of an enlightened mind.
* &ls. J tish-khnah, A fire-temple. A park of artillery.
'-v tish-khr ():-J", or -J"). An
eater of unlawful food. A receiver of bribes. A phoenix, a
salamander. A tyrant. -
p {- J itish-dgh, A burn, a scar.
p J- tish-dn, A hearth, a fire-place, a chafing dish
*}) L tish-rz, Pouring out fire; an incendiary.
"J J atish-zabn, Floquent, rhetorical.
* J; U-7 tish-zadagi, A fire, a conflagration, arson.
p &; J itish-sanah, (or e) J tish-zan), Tinder, touch
wood, any thing combustible. A fire-steel, a tinder-box.
"J-7 tishistn, The region of fire, hence applied to a
hot fire of cannon or small arms in battle. A funeral pile.
p e-J' tish-sakhun, A reviler, a rebuker, a usurper.
JJ' atish fishin, Scattering fire; a volcano. 295)
J J A fiery dragon.
*Jas J tish-fiel, A fleet or mettlesome horse.
*Ji tishak, A small fire. Lightning. A glow worm.
The venereal disease.
*}< tish-kr, Angry, hasty, tyrannical. A fire-place, a
kitchen. A blacksmith.
tish-kaw, A poker.
r sft tish-gh, A temple of the Magi or worshippers of
fire in Persia. A furnace, a grate, a chimney.
ft itish-gadah, A fire-temple. sft The sign
Aries,
r tish-girah, A fire-shovel. Fuel.
'vv itish-libs, clothed in scarlet.
* P -*U-T tish-mujassim, A sword of a good temper.
P gv | itish-mizj, Fiery-tempered, choleric.
P t tishnak, Fiery, hot.
PJ L tish-nisr, Weeping, sorrowful.
P J-f tish-nihl, A fire of faggots.
P er se','' tishwdi ayman, Divine glory.
P f A.R. |-7 atishw-hindi, An Indian sword.
p J-7 tish?, Belonging to fire, burning hot, fired with rage,
irascible, choleric.
P J- atish?, A porcupine.
P J-f atishiyan, Eloquent. Demons, infidels.
P *}<-I atishjah, A glow-worm,
P cl tishin (or c-c & 5) atishah mansilb), Fiery.
P & cl tishin-panjah, Skilful, expert, adroit.
* Jr. e-T tishin-pil, (c- e--" tishin-daw) The sun.
P <!-e--atishin-dawj, The sun. A ruddiness in the sky.
P J e--" tishin-zabn, Speaking with fluency.
r - ex-atishin-sada (or -- ex-T itishin salib),
The sun.
r &S e--" atishin-kasah, The sun.
P J- e--" atishin-libas, Clothed in scarlet.
-
r_j\s e--" tishin-mr, A heart-burning sigh. A flame. A
rocket.
A -\ai'ittisii, (v111 of - i.e.) Being described. Describing.
Description, qualification; as 3'5' Jes- Endowed with sin
cerity : s c-ex- Fossessed of happiness, glorious, august.
A J ittisal, (v11.1 of J-2) Arrival. Conjunction, contiguity.
A. c ittizah, (v11.1 of) Being clear, evident, manifest.
A s ittize, (v111 of 832) Pressing down a camel's neck
in order to mount on his back. Humiliation, abasement, mean
ness, abjectness.
A e.Va.) ittitn, (v11.1 of J) Fixing one's residence any where.
A ittab, (1v of C-x) Wearying, fatiguing, exhaust
ing. Filling a vase. Becoming dislocated after having been set
(a bone). Having jaded cattle. --\xi}\ --> Jr. A disease
producing lassitude.
ittied, (v111 of x=2) Receiving, or being gratified by,
A x"
a promise. Promising, or rather threatening, mutually.
A. C-) ittas, (1v of Jss) Destroying any one (God).
A \xi\ ittiiz, (v111 of aes) Being admonished; improving
from advice or correction.
A cl itghab, (1v of -*) Ruining, destroying.
A J ittifak, (v11.1 of G32) Agreeing, consenting; concord,
consent, harmony 3. league, conspiracy. Happening, coming to
pass; chance, accident. P &_- J Unexpected good for
tune; agreeable accidents.
A \,\;\ittifakan, Unanimously, in concert, with one accord.
By chance, perhaps, accidentally. Successfully.
**\ittifakt, (pl. of Gittiak) Accidents. Successes.
A. J) ittifaki, Casual, fortuitous. Consenting, agreeing
D -
 ~)
A J" ital, (1v of J) Rendering inodorous.
A \littik, (v111 of 32) Being timid; heed, caution. Fear
ing God; piety.
A Jlitkn, (iv of Jij) Doing anything properly.
A Jlittikn, (v111 ofe) Knowing with certainty. Search.
A \l atkiy, (pl. of J.; takiy) Religious men, fearing God.
r & Atak, Name of a town situated on the Indus.
A "G" itka, (1v of "G) Making one recline, throwing down.
A "&" ittikaa, (v11.1 of 3) Leaning against; reclining upon
one side.
A Jlittikl, (v111 of J) Trusting, confiding. Reliance.
A JT tal, Full, replete.
A Jl atl, (from J") Walking slowly, softly, with short steps.
Itil, Name of the river now called the Volga; also of a town.
A \,\ atla, (pl. of ; tilic) Following one another; the young
of an animal following the mother. It!a, (1v of 33) Ordering
or causing to follow. Giving. Proceeding, going or running
before, outstripping. Having a colt following (a camel). En
trusting something to another. Leaving part of a debt unpaid.
Sending to demand payment.
A z ittilaj, (v111 of &)Entering. Causing to enter, in
serting.
A c" atlad, Riches, hereditary wealth, slaves or cattle
brought forth in the family, and descending by way of heritage.
Ittid, (iv of M3) Possessing such wealth.
A &" itlat, (iv of 85) Stretching the neck to see or hear.
A -) itl, (iv of 3) Consumption, ruin, destruction.
A c atlam, (pl. of f talam) Furrows made in the ground
for sowing, draining, or making boundaries.
A slitlh, (iv of al.) Destroying, ruining. Making one mad
with vexation, stupifying, putting in a phrenzy.
A 3.5" atillat, (pl. of Js tail) Necks.
A t atlat, Having a long neck.
A -s) itli-bb, (1v of q) Being well directed and
conducted (business). Being extended and level (a road).
Stretching forth the neck (an ass).
*A - atama, or atima, (fut. ** 3ya-tamu) He unstitched.
A atm, (from *") Tearing, ripping up. Delaying. '
Al atm, Name of a walley. Atam, Delay, slowness, sloth, slug
gishness, laziness, indolence. Utum, The wild olive.
A atamm, More or most perfect or complete.
A itmm, (1v of * tamma) Completing, bringing to per
fection. Granting any one his desire (God). Furmishing with
a hoe or a mattock. Arriving at the summit of one's wishes.
Being near her confinement (a woman). Being come to the full
(the moon). Attaining to its full growth (a plant). P .**)
J c. ** To conclude any business.
A 3-l Al atamat, Name of a fertile valley near Madina.
r &itmid, A coulter, a plow-share. A yoke.
18 J
--
AJ itmi-rar, (1v ofj Q) Length. Firmness.
*A c" atana, (fut. e'. Ja-tinu) He walked slowly.
A ey atan, (from J') Standing, stopping, tarrying. Atun,
utn, or utun, (pl. of ej' atn) She-asses. Utun, (pl. of ey
atun) Furnaces.
A U--t atnmis, Wild camomile.
AJ atnn, Contraction of step, shortening of pace. Itnn,
(1v of 25 tanna) Being distant. Weakening a boy, and prevent
ing his growth (disease).
A ;) atw, (from *") Coming, coming suddenly, surprizing.
Producing, bringing forth copiously, shooting forth buds, pro
ducing fruit, bringing forth young. Giving liberally with a view
to a return, bribing a judge or great man to obtain any thing
contrary to justice; watering ground plentifully, in order to
have a large crop. A gift. Tribute. Any mode of living or
acting in order to attain an object. Butter forming by the agi
tation or churning of milk. Velocity, celerity. Adversity, sor
row, an inveterate distemper, calamity, death. The right way,
a straight path. Anything erect, upright in walking. A liberal
man, a man of noble appearance. P e To plait linen.
A \,\ itic, (1v of 55) Destroying, wasting.
A J';" atwk, (pl. of U; tack) Desires, passions.
A e';" atican, Avaricious, greedy.
A utb, (pl. of -" itb) Short breeches or drawers.
A 3; atcat, (from ; ") Arrival.
P<>;" att, Roughness, sharpness, pungency.
Pe aturban, A monk. A devotee.
P *;" Atiashah, Name of king Shpr's aunt.
A atum, Broken, ripped open, two holes being burst into
one; ethinc metaphorice, foemina cujus uterque naturae meatus
in unum evasit, ex frequentiore congressu.
re;" atun, A school-mistress. The membrane which en
closes the foetus.
A ey atun, An oven, a furnace. A place where any thing is
generated or formed. The fire burning in the furnace. Utn,
(from ej) Residence, stay.
A <2\;" atunat, (pl. of &;" atunat) Furnaces.
A *;" utli, Hard-breathing, occasioned by fatigue or other
similar cause.
A c" ittihb, (v111 of ) Accepting a gift.
A it-hm, (1v of **) Travelling to Tihmah. Coming
into a sultry region. Discovering a country to be unhealthy.
Conjecturing, guessing. Suspecting, doubting.
A ittiham, (v111 of **) Suspecting something bad. -
A J at?, (part.) Coming. Subsequent, future. e
About to be explained. -
s
:: A J ata, (fut. J ya-t?) He came.
A J aty (from J.') Coming, arriving. Coming unawares,
surprizing. Bringing, leading. Abolishing, destroying. Giv
ing, presenting; requiting, repaying. Punishing. Coming to:
 (5) - 19
gether, copulating. Doing, effecting, Being, existence. Ata',
Any thing flowing on the water, as leaves, &c. Atiy, Foreign,
outlandish, unlooked-for. An unexpected overflow of water.
Water brought into a field, particularly from another's ground.
A-liti-il, (viii of -l) Coming to a watering-place.
A clitti-d, (viii of 2%) Proceeding gently in any business.
Av-l alyis, (pl. of Li tays) He-goats.
AJ-l itti-s, (viii of v) Despondency, despair.
A*- ittiym, (VIII of **) Slaying a sheep or camel which
had been kept for milking.
A J ityan orityanat, Arrival, accession, meeting, coition.
A sl' atyh, (pl. of 4.5 tih) Deserts.
A i aliyat, (part, fem) Coming, future. Futurity. 3.57
t The pus or matter of a sore.
A $4.5 Utaydat, Name of a place.
P J tishn, Spirits, demons.
Alulayshat, A knave, a low fellow (a term of abuse).
re-" itin, Manifest, disclosed. Collected together.
A ' atyah, Wandering about in astonishment. Proud, ar
rogant, haughty.
* < assa, (fut. ~}. ya-ussu.) The grass grew luxuriantly.
Al-' ass (or cl att), Being perplexed by arguments, con
vinced by proofs.
A isi, Stones.
A 'lisia, (iv of **) Unstitching a leathern bottle. Wound
ing and killing.
A $." is-at, (iv of ) Darting, shooting an arrow.
A-asib, Name of a tree.
A -) isbat, (iv of~x) Rewarding. Recovering health.
A s asby, (pl. of 3.5 subat) Bodies, troops of men, &c.
Middles of fish-ponds or cisterns.
t!"
A ci ss, (pl. of ~3 asis) Luxuriant, corpulent, fleshy.
A casis, Household furniture, baggage. Wealth of any
kind in money, land, slaves, household furniture, &c. Iss or
isisal, (from assa) Growing luxuriantly (herbage); being
thick, entangled, involved (shrubs, hair, &c.). Having large
plump hips and thighs (a woman).
A assat, Any one particular species of wealth. Ussat,
A man's name.
A J assy, Abounding in wealth.
A A sr, (pl. of asr) Impressions, signs, vestiges, Tra
* annals of memorable sayings or events. _\\ The
traditions of Muhammad. J) ;S Name of Aswad, a satirical
Poet &;- A Chronicles. &* j Sublime impressions, i.e.
meteors, Aff }: js- Wonderful narrations. Several books
relative to traditions, history, geography, the planets, &c. bear
the name ofA -
Aj isr, (pl. ofj sa-ar) Retaliations.
A Q-9 Asrab, Name of a place in Syria.
- &
A 3,9] asrat, The commemoration of traditions, sayings, or
actions of any one, particularly of Muhammad. The remains
of any thing. *** 3)" J- Upon the traces of any thing; as
if something already existing were followed by its like (as when
anger is excited in the mind of an angry man, or when an ac
cession of fat is made to any thing already fat). Israt, Want
or scarcity of provisions, adversity.
A 3,9] israt, (Iv of y) Raising dust, forcing it into a more
impetuous motion; ploughing. Exciting sedition, raising a mob.
A j asy, (pl. of & isfiyat) Trivets. &\} The
third trivet; the projecting part of a mountain, which together
with two stones is employed by the Badawin Arabs to support
a kettle. ) &l x~ Overtaken by a very great mis
fortune.
A Jli askil, A woman bringing forth an abortion. Harden
ing the hands (labour).
A JT sl, (pl. of J asl) Tamarisk trees.
A J) asl, Glory, nobility. (from J) Pursuing glory, be
ing ennobled. Usal, Surname of one of Muhammad's com
panions. Name of several places in Arabia.
A JU' asilat (from J), Being deeply rooted. Firmness.
Nobility.
A *T sm, (pl. of lism) Crimes, sins.
A 2.5 asm, or ism, A mulct, a fine, a punishment for crimes.
A criminal. Asm, Name of an infernal river, the Styx.
A 25) assm, A criminal.
..f. J- assami, (or e-) A defendant in a law-suit.
A. J Asn, Name of one of Muhammad's companions.
A c as an in, (pl. of J isnn), Mondays.
A s iswat (or ; ) is wy, (from ;) Carrying or citing be
fore a judge; informing against, calumniating, whispering.
A &\,\\ as awilat, Tedious old men.
A &\\ isyat, Citing before a judge, whispering. Name of
a well between Mecca and Madna.
A - asiyis, (pl. of ~~" asis) Plump, jolly, handsome.
A " asab, Name of a tree.
A col asbt, (pl. of ~3 sabt) Firm, steady. Isbt, (iv
of G-j) Confirming, corroborating; affirmation, proof. Know
ing for a certainty. Hanging about one continually (a disease).
Inflicting a grievous wound.
A}\ asbt, (pl. of a sabit) Fools, oafs, sluggards.
A 3.5" Al asabat, Name of a country in Arabia abounding in
palm trees.
A asbaj, Having the middle of the back prominent.
A : Asbirat, Name of a town in Arabia.
A & asbiyat, (pl. of 3.5 subat) Middles of cisterns.
A s-r Isbit, Name of a mountain in Arabia.
A \ isj, (iv of J) Putting to silence. Throwing furni
ture into confusion.
A isjan, (1v of **) Raining heavily.
D 2
 _3)
AAA' asjar, Thick, broad.
A Jas" asjal, A man with a large belly, and fat under the
short ribs. A spacious wallet. The widest part of a valley.
e- <! He addressed him in abusive language.
A s as-h; (pl. of -i-. siha) Certain parts of the in
testines of cattle.
A els" is khn, (1v of c) Enfeebling (as a wound). In
flicting wounds. Slaying with great carnage. Conquering.
A J issikhn, (v111 of e) Being copious.
A s asdi, (pl. of s sady) The breasts, either of a man
or wornan.
A i asar, More impressive.
Ayl asir, (part.) Joining. Relating, recording. Marking a
camel in the foot. Exciting. Electing, choosing. Honouring.
Polishing a sword. Excelling. Commencing. Proposing to
undertake any work.
*AA asara, (fut ya-suru) He made to follow.
AA asr, (from , ") Joining
g, causing to follow. Relating,
alleging, handing down by tradition. Excellence, preeminence,
transcendency. Commencement, exordium. Isr, A vestige,
the hinder part. After, subsequent to. Fresh, the best part
of butter. 2 }: e==} Not the least shadow or trace. *; J
At his heels. Immediately after. Usr, The scar of a healed
wound, a sign. A vestige. The undulated or shining surface of
water, or of a bright sword; gracefulness or comeliness of coun
tenance. Asar, A mark, a sign, an impression, a vestige. A
history, a memorial, a relation, a tradition; a collection of tra
ditions relative to the actions and sayings of Muhammad, the
Sunna, or unwritten law, with regard to which the Muham
madans are divided into two great sects, one called Sunnites,
who believe in these traditions, the other the Shiites, or fol
lowers of Ay, who reject them.The Turks are of the first
sect, the Persians of the latter. A good work, a pious monu
ment, any thing memorable or illustrious. e."; The history
of countries. r; A-ty- Resplendent, bright like the sun.
A e--" Worthy of approbation. A ~, a K-- An army
celebrated for victory, a victorious army. J Informed, con
scious, acquainted with, intelligent. j}} A historian, a writer.
**".ey. A The sacred writers. Asur, Excellent. Stu
dious of excelling. Pure, sweet butter. Isar, A vestige, a
trace. Good news. Usur, The scar of a wound; a mark
made upon the soles of the feet of camels by the impression of
which upon the ground they can be traced when straying in
the deserts.
A e;" isrd, (1v ofe;) Crumbling into small particles.
PL}" asrr, Barberries.
A 22 isram, (1v of ft) Causing the teeth to fall out.
A 3;" asrat, Whatever remains of any science. Any doctrine
raceived from one's ancestors. Any thing remaining which has
been handed down by tradition. Usrat, A great, noble, mag
20 U3)
nificent work, any thing that procures reputation, worthy of re
membrance. Hereditary honour, virtue. Frequentia congressus
cameh cum camela. 2." ** 5; In the first place. Asarat,
Paramount authority.
A asram, One whose teeth are falling out. (in pros.)
Cutting off a foot. J a! as ramni, (Night and day), as
interrupting each other.
A asra, (from 25) Wealthy (man). Wet, moist.
A -A asariy, One who relates traditions, particularly those
of Muhammad.
A 2'-' astt, (pl. of a satt) Men with thin beards.
A J issal, (1v of J*) Being very numerous (guests).
Being extensive and intricate (business). Opposing, resisting.
A e- as tabn, (pl. of ~~~ saab) Flowing, gliding. Chan
nels through which water runs. Ustabn, A large, fair, and
handsome face. Crowding together.
A J astal, One whose teeth grow out from the side of the
guin. A corpulent man, a man of distinction.
A_\ issinjar, (111 of, s
Q) Fluency, diffusiveness.
A ~~ as tub, (pl. of saab) Flowing. Fluids. Canals.
A - asghab, (pl. of saghb) Springs or reservoirs of
water in vallies or groves never visited by the rays of the sun.
Aj isghr, (1v of A) Losing the front teeth. Cutting
one's teeth. Striking on the mouth.
Aj issighar, (v1.1 of ) Cutting its teeth (a child). Shoot
ing forth (the teeth).
A V asghima, (pl. of saghn) Mountain-plants of the
wormwood species.
A i asi, (part.) Following; a sectary, a follower.
** as afa, (fut. s ya-sifu) He followed.
A asi, Firm, constant.
Aj asr, (pl. of , ; safar) Cruppers of horses or other
beasts of burthen. Isfar, (1v of , ) Putting on a crupper.
Striking on the backside. Bringing forth (a goat).
A e isan, (1v of ej) Hardening the hands (labour).
A &" isfiyat, or usfiyat, A trivet. A multitude of men.
A cl is kb, (1v of ~) Kindling. Making bright and
glittering.
A J askl, (pl. of J sikl) Burdens, loads, incumbrances,
impediments, baggage, equipage, train, suite. J J The
treasures of the earth. Men buried in it. Faults. Iskal; (IV of
J) Bearing heavily (a load). Overcoming (as sleep). Put
ting in pain (as disease or guilt). Oppressing, afflicting. Being
pregnant (a woman).
A J askal, More or most heavy.
A J iskl (for C- iskl). A branch of a palm, bearing
unripe dates. Iskl, (iv of JG) Bereaving a woman of her
children. Being bereft of her children (a mother).
e askun, A palm-branch; the stalk of a bunch of dates.
A
*A J asala, (fut. J ya-silu) It was well rooted.
 A
c)
.A J asl, A tamarisk shrub. J cl. Name of a place re
markable for a battle between the tribes of ~) us. and re-J.
A.J. asall, Rich in sheep and wool.
A -- aslb, (pl. of silb) Worn-out camels. Old men.
Aclasalt, (pl. of il aslat) Large prickly tamarisks.
A cl isls, (iv of e-j) Becoming three in number.
A g islaj, (1v of *) Snowing. Being snowy (the day).
Being overtaken by the snow. Rendering joyful. (for g ilaj)
Victory, good fortune.
A J isll; (iv of J salla) Causing to be restored. Abound
ing in a species of wool called &l. sallat.
...A islab or as lab, Earth or stones, or small fragments of
either. Islab, A camel losing his teeth and the hair of his tail
through old age.
A&E aslat, A root, stock, origin. Esteem, honour, glory,
dignity. A fund, substance. Chance. The tamarisk species.
Name of a place near Madina, and of a village near Baghdd.
AJ. aslak, Seed of the agnus castus.
A *: aslam, Broken in the edge (as a sword, &c.), pierced,
broken, or cracked (a wall, &c.).
A." isin, (part.) Sinning; a culprit. Slow. Fatigued.
* asima, (fut ya-samu) He was a sinner.
A asim, (for asim) A sinner.
A ism, (from C) A sin, a crime, an offence; any thing
forbidden, as wine, dice, &c.
As issinid, (viii of x.) Going to drink at Aaj samad.
Aj asmr, (pl. of a samr) Fruits. Ismar, (Iv of A$)
Bearing fruit. Growing rich. Multiplying, increasing.
A J isml, (iv of J) Causing any thing to settle at the
bottom of a cistern. Being very frothy (milk).
Ae asmn, (pl. of er saman) Prices. (pl. of J St
mun) Eighths. Ismn, (1v of e) Completing the number
eight. Watering camels on the eighth day. Paying a just
price.
A 3.7 simat, (fem. of .57 sim) Slow-paced. Fatigued.
** samut, (pl. of asim) Wicked men, sinners. Ps.i.6.
** Asmad, Name of a place. Ismid, (or usmud) A stone
from which antimony is prepared.
A s asman, More or most dear, valuable, precious,
A s usun, (for wusun) Statues, figures, idols. A & Usaufiyat, Name of a town in Arabia.
Au'asni, The middle, interval, interstice. (pl. of J sing) A J asyal, A camel with a large sheath. Asil, Radical,
Plaits, foldings. (pl. of J saniy) Shedding the first teeth. firm. Of a noble or illustrious race. Name of a place. Usay,
(pl. of J isnn) The second days, Mondays. Whilst, during, Name of a valley near Madna, fruitful in dates.
in the mean time. psy sJe In the middle of the road, whilst A t asim, A sinner, a criminal. A liar. Wicked, rascally,
travelling. A Isn, (iv of J) Losing the front teeth. Rising heaping crime upon crime.
six years old (a camel). Becoming second; being added (a
*"). Praising, panegyrizing. Disparaging, defaming
*Jinini, Two. Je: In two parts. J J
Two and two. J x. Monday.
21 &
A y-e Uj isn tashara, (mas.) Twelve.
A & Usnat. A man's name.
AJ is natani, (fem.) Two.
A&A =\s Isnay tashariyat, Name of a sect of Muham
madans who follow the twelve Imms.
A *" asniyah, (pl. of U.5 san) Praises, encomiums, prayers.
A ; is ic, (from 3') Information, impeachment. Slander.
A \,: iswa, (1v of **) Continuing in any abode. Causing to
tarry, detaining. Receiving hospitably.
A "; aswab, (pl. of --> sawb) Robes, vestments.
A_\; as war, (pl. of 23; sawr) Bulls. Large pieces of sour
curd, quite dry.
A --> asiab, (pl. of --> sawb) Garments, &c. (implying a
small quantity).
A_j, usur, (pl. of asr or asar) Vestiges. The dazzling
refulgencies of a bright sword when flourished in the sun.
A J; asical, Foolish, insane, lazy, slow. Affected by a
torpor or vertigo, a disease peculiar to sheep, goats, &c. Usul,
(from J") Firmness, constancy. Nobility. (pl. of Ji) asl)
Tamarisk trees.
A asim, A sinner. See ' below.
A e; assin (or ey attun), A furnace.
J asa', (fut. J ya-s?) He falsely accused.
skA
AJ aszy, An informer, a slanderer, a whisperer.
A_\ issi-ar, (v11.1 of j) Taking revenge.
A t asis, Luxuriant, involved, intangled, (shrubs, hair,
&c.). Large, big. Fleshy, full of flesh and blood, having large
hips or thighs (women).
r2: asir, Tears of grief. A ball of fire; the sun.
Al asir, Signing. Marking the ground with large prints
of the foot (an ox, a horse, or a camel). Impressed, stamped.
Excellent, chosen, selected. An intimate friend. Name of a
man. (Ale.) The sky, the aether. Ajs Name of a moun
tain. Usayr, (dim. of," asar) A little sign.
A 5: asirat, A beast of burthen, whose foot makes a deep
impression in the ground. 2. * 5" At first, in the first place;
above all things.
P3:) asj, Southern wood (a plant). A spark of fire.
A Usulfiyt, Name of a place. Little hills.
A& asimat, Flagitious, sinning repeatedly. Frequency in
sinning. -
A s asin, (for J") Radical, firm. Illustrious of descent.
P t" j, Desire, avidity.
 \-)
P <! aj, A little, a small quantity. The tamarisk. A gourd, A c- ijzat, (1v of 8 :-) Starving one to death.
a pumpkin. Uj, A wager, a stake. A 3-liftifat, (1v of 3,2-) Shutting the door. Penetrating
>k A g aija, (fut. z: ya-uiju) (The fire) burned vehemently. into the heart of anything. Being hollow.
A g ajj (from z aija), Running, hastening one's pace, run r cu-T jk (or J-T ajal), Earth, dust.
ning as the ostrich, partly running, partly flying. Instigating. A Ju-Tjl, (pl. of J-) aftal) Fates, fixed periods, deaths.
*A*- aja-a, (fut. *gaja-u) He absconded. Causes. (pl. of J-1 il) Herds of wild oxen.
Al- Aj, Name of a mountain in Arabia, and of a town in A J-Wijlat, (1v of J;-) Causing to turn round. Rounding.
Egypt: when doubled, aja aja, it is used by shepherds in cal A N-) aftalid, (pl. of Al-Wajlad) Hard, solid places.
ling to their sheep. A s-) affilid, (pl. of el-Wajld) Hard (places).
A c--Vij-at, (iv of A-) Bringing. Compelling. Pro A --T ajam, (pl. of c- ujum) A kind of quadrangular
tecting. - structures on the tops of houses. Fortifications, castles. Thickets.
A --- ifbat, (1v of --5-) Answering, consenting, ad A c- ijn, (pl. of 3-) afamat) Forests, lion's haunts or
mitting, complying with, humouring. Listening to. dens, the retreats of any animals. Reed-beds, cane-planta
A z- ij, (pl. of 3-\aijat) Heats. Ujj, Brackish water. tions. Ditches, marshes. Frogs.
A --~~ ajanib, (pl. of ~~) ajnabiy) Foreigners, strangers.
A g- ajjaj, Burning, scorching. The sun.
A 3,-\- ajajirat (or J-U- ajajir), (pl. of J-1 ijjr) A --~~-liijnat, A stone bottle, a phial, a cup, a pitcher, a
Platforms on the tops of houses, for the benefit of the air. water-pot, a washing vat or tub.
A c- ajanin, Plural of the above.
A c- ajh, ih, or ujah, A veil, a covering. Water at
A ex- aja wid, (pl. of <!-jawd) Liberal, munificent.
the bottom of a cistern. Ujah, Thirst.
A 3--" ihat, (1v of c;-) Ruining, destroying. A J-J Alajicil, Name of a place in Arabia.
A ***) ajwid, (pl. of e;-- jawd) Fleet, generous horses.
A c-" id, Anything resembling a small narrow arch.
A --- ajabb, (A camel) without a bunch on his back.
A sel-lijdat, (1v of ex-) Saying or doing any thing good.
Possessing a generous horse. Paying money. Being irrigated A \,- ijb, (1v of 3-) Selling standing corn before it is ripe.
copiously (a field). Feeling affectionately disposed towards A s-Vijba, (iv of var) Producing mushrooms in great
another. Appealing to one's liberality. abundance (the earth). Hanging over, projecting. Selling
A Je-) affadil, (pl. of J-Wajdal) Hawks of a particular standing corn before it is come to maturity. Quenching fire.
species. Collecting, assembling.
Aja-T jr, (pl. of ,-) air) Prices, rents, hires. A Q-2-) Al ajbb, Name of a place in Arabia.
A 2- ijar (or j injr), A platform on the house-top, Aj- ijbar, (1v of 2-) Compulsion, constraint. Opposi
very common in the East for the benefit of air. tion. Considering as sound or integral.
A Q-22A- Ajrib, Name of a place in Arabia. A J-Wajbl (or J-Wajbul), (pl. of J.-jabal) Moun
A SA-) irat, (1v of 23-) Protecting, delivering. tains. Ijbal, (1v of J.-) Digging until hard ground appears.
A ej- Ajarid, Name of a place. Going towards a mountain.
A j- ijarah (from P-\), Price, hire, rent, profit, emolu Ae-" i bn, (1v of c-) Discovering one to be a coward.
ment; a privilege, or income of variable amount, sold or let for Coagulating (milk).
a fixed sum. P e sy- To let to a tenant. A3-) ajbia, (pl. of , r jab-a) Rising grounds of a red
Pyle 9-) ijarah-dr,A farmer of land or of revenue. A dish dusky colour. -

lease-holder. A monopolist. A 4-Wajbah, Having a large front or face. A furious lion.

r c- ijzat, (1v of 35-) Giving leave; a permission, a
dispensation; sanction, approval; discharge, dismissal.
mg behind. Causing to pass by, sending, dispatching. Spending
one's time. Paring, clipping. Giving to drink. Letting down.
Conferring a favour. Terminating the hemistich of another's
poem. Finishing the verses of a poem with the letters 9 and 3
alternately. P *}- c- Asking permission. Je -j-)
To give leave. J- To take leave.
P J--" is, (U2'-' iijs or Je injas) A species of
Damasc plum, a prune. A friend, an intimate, a familiar.
A Lw- ujsh, A mixed crowd.
A 3-1 aijat, Fervour, warmth, inflammation, heat. A con
Leav fusion, a tumult. 3-) G *::) The people (are) in a tumult.
A \-" itib, (v111 of J-) Choice, election, selection.
A_\--" ijtibar, (v11.1 of ,-) Setting. Consolidation of a
fractured limb. Repairing the broken fortune of a friend.
A c--Vijtiss, (v111 of e-jassa) Cutting, plucking up,
extirpating.
A\si-Vijtih, (v111 of 3-r) Extirpating, eradicating.
A_\si-Vijtihr, (v111 of, sr) Making a burrow, or a den.
A ;'<-Vijtihf, (v111 of -isr) Pillaging, plundering:
Taking up hasty pudding with three fingers.
A x-Wijtidas, (v111 of x-) Preparing a tomb.

a cl- ijtidih (viii of ca-) Mixing up a ptisan.
AJ&-Vijtizz, (viii of 3-jazza) Being cut or broken off.
AJ&a- ijtizl, (v11.1 of J3-) Cheerfulness, mirth.
A 2-liftiru, (viii of 32-) Boldness, intrepidity, enter
prise, endeavour, attempt.
A c- ijtirah, (v11.1 of cr) Purchasing, acquiring. Re-
ceiving a wound.
AJP-lijtirr, (viii of 2-jarra) Drawing. Ruminating.
A 2- ijtiram, (VIII of **) Committing a crime. Cut
ting off clusters of dates.
A- ijtiz, (viii of j-) Requesting, demanding. Mak
ing acceptable or agreeable. Adhering, persevering.
A j- ijtiza, (v11.1 of 2-) Being satisfied. Contentment.
Aj- ijtizz, (v11.1 off-jazza) Reaping. Shearing sheep.
A {j- ijtizat, (v111 of & P-) Cutting, lopping, severing.
A J--> ijtisas, (v11.1 of U-jassa) Touching, feeling.
AA-lijtisha, (viii of ") Disagreeing with any one
(a climate).
Ak-lijtis, (viii of A- jazza) Swelling (a carcase).
A J- ijtitl (v111 of Ja-) Placing. Doing. Consti
tuting, nominating, appointing. Beginning, setting to work.
A k-) itifia, (v111 of ur) Plucking up, throwing away.
Ak-"ijtil, (viii of J-) Beholding with delight a bride
unveiled and elegantly attired. Unbinding a turban from off or compact of body; strong or firm in the back-bone and bunch,
one's head. Nominating any one to an appointment.
Ak-litild, (viii of Ma-) Duelling. Striking one an
other with whips. Drinking the entire contents of a cup.
A J-Wijtilal, (viii of J-jalla) Collecting camel's dung
for fuel.
A tw- iftim, (viii of 8-1-) Assembling, flocking to
gether. Being of the same opinion. Arriving at manhood.
A concourse, a congress. A heap. Unanimity. Conjunction.
*J-Wijtiml, (viii of J.-) Melting butter.
Al- ijtina, (v11.1 of ~) Gathering, plucking (fruit, &c.).
A --- itinib, (viii of --~~) Shunning, avoiding, de
clining,flying, abstaining from, retiring; removing to a distance.
A t- ijtinah, (v111 of ~) Inclining to one side.
AJ--"ijtihn, (viii of J-janna) Concealing one's self.
Burying,
A|- ijtica, (v11.1 of s;-) Finding a climate unhealthy.
Aj- ijtivar, (v111 of 9-) Being neighbours.
A*- ijtihad, (v111 of X-) Carrying on war against in
fidels. Striving to accomplish any thing; care, effort, study.
***a-lijtihdy, Relating to a religious war.
Aja-lijtihr, (v11. of 4-) Cleaning out a well. Publish
ing, disclosing. Running to arms, in order to invade a pro
*ince. Being large, and easy to be seen; having such an
*rmy. Beholding without a veil.
A-- jtiyab, (v11.1 of --) Putting on a shift. Dig
s"g a well. Traversing a country. Cleaving asunder.
e
c- iftiyh, (viii of c-) Ruining, destroying.
A
Aj-lijtiyz, (v111 of 59-) Passing by. Giving to drink.
AJ--- ijtiys, (v11.1 of U-5-) Searching, scrutinizing.
Patroling in the night. -
l
A S-liftiy, (v111 of -5,-) Penetrating into any thing
hollow, creeping into the middle of any thing. Sprouting
A J-1 itiyl, (v111 of J;-) Electing, choosing. Cir
cumambulating.
A t- ajsaa, Hunch-backed, having a prominent back.
A -- iss, (iv of t-a-jassa) Eradicating, extirpating.
A JU-- isi-ll, (1v of J- Q) Plucking out its feathers (a
bird). Rushing forth in great anger with intent to kill. Be
ginning to shoot (grass).
A elsl ihad, (1v of Asr) Being of little value.
A_\sr ajhr, (pl. of, s juhr) The dens, holes, or retreats
of any animals.
A 3 slijh; (iv of -isr) Carrying away. Attacking, op
pressing. Thronging, crowding. Moving towards. Being near.
Beginning to rain. cols" iht, Oppressions, afflictions.
A els- i;hm, (1v of ***) Forbearing, drawing back.
A s ajham, One who has large red eyes.
A r ajkha', Lean, meagre, extenuated in the thighs.
A 3-)ijd, A prohibitory word used to camels. Ujud, Robust
(applied to the she-camel).
A 2-1 afadd, (A man) with small breasts.
A "*-" id, (1v of ***) Giving liberally, accommodating,
assisting. Bleeding profusely (a wound). Receiving a gift.
A 'A-lijdb, (iv of ~~~~) Suffering distress from dearth.
Yielding no increase (the earth). Giving no rain (the clouds).
A c--' ids, (pl. of ~~~-jadas) Tombs.
A Q-a-Vajdd, (pl. ofa-jadd) Ancestors, forefathers. Name
of a country. Ijdd; (iv of A-jadda) Striving, exerting one's
self. Speaking truth. Renewing, making new. Travelling
through a rugged country. Being rough (a road). Having
dates ripe, and ready for cutting (a palm tree).
A_\x- ajdar, (pl. of y-jadar) Scars. Unnatural excres
cences on the body. Ijdr (1v of 93-) Producing the herb
J-jadr. Swelling.
A &la- ijdat, (1v of 8-) Giving unwholesome food to a
child. Keeping back, restraining. -
A ex-l ajaddani, (dual) Night and day.
A --~~) aftlab, Barren (year). Desert, desolate.
A -- aidus, (pl. of ~~~ jadas) Tombs. Name of
a place.
rja-' aidar (for j), A dragon. A Ajdar, Most worthy,
P c- ajdaranitan, (in anc. Pers.) To reap, to mow.
A t- ajdat, Mutilated (in the hand, nose, ear, or lips).
A J-W ajdal, A species of hawk.
r 32-7 (Jadah, Coloured, dyed. Stitched.
 _-)
A \3-) iz, (iv of23-) Standing erect. Having a fat bunch
(a young camel). Lifting a stone.
A 83- ijzt, (1v of 83-) Imprisoning, arresting. Becom
ing **-jazat, q. v. (a horse, an ox, a camel, a sheep).
A J&-' azl, (pl. of J3-jizl) The roots of great trees;
trunks of trees. Origins, roots of any thing. Rubbing posts.
Ijzl, (1v of J3-) Mirth, cheerfulness.
A c- ijzm, (1v of ^3-) Amputating, mutilating. Walk
ing fast (a camel). Urging forward. Abstaining
g, controlling
one's self. Proposing, intending.
A 3-) ajzat, Three years old (with respect to the horse, ass,
or ox); five years old (the camel); two years old (the sheep).
A *3-) ajzam, Mutilated in the hand, having it cut off. One
who having committed to memory the Kurn, forgets it after
wards.
A 2-7 Ajar, (or, s Hajar), (Heb. him) Hagar the mother of
Ishmael, from whom the Arabians claim descent.
*AA- ajara, (fut:2- Aya-juru or ya-jiru) He rewarded.
A 2- ajr, A reward, premium, recompense, compensation,
hire, rent. A marriage portion or gift. The restoration of a
dislocated joint.
A 2- ajrin, (for 9- ajruwun), (pl. of 22-Jarw) Whelps.
A ,-] ajurr (or 2-7 ajurr), A brick or tile.
A \,-\ ijr, (iv of 9-) Going with its whelp (a beast).
Ay- ijr, (1v of 52-) Making any thing to flow, giving
currency, bringing forward, producing, paying, executing,
performing. P J J-,+) (or e & P ,+), To ad
minister or to do justice, to promote equity, to put the laws into
execution. Jj.c. s- To obey the commands of
God. J 2,3- - To punish legally, to put in execution
the penal laws.
ty- ijra, A sufficiency of cloth to make a garment. (cAst.)
A -j- ijrb, (1v of ~~) Having scabby camels or sheep.
A cy- ajrah, (pl. of t- jurh) Wounds.
A y-\ijrr, (iv of ,-jarra) Granting a delay. Leaving
any one to his own choice. Slitting a young camel's tongue to
prevent him from sucking. Chewing the cud. Piercing with a
spear. Leaving a spear sticking in the body. Imitating.
A 5,2- ajrz, (pl. of 55-Jarz) Sterile (grounds) having no
rain. (pl. of 3,-jurz) Maces, sceptres. (pl. of jr jaraz)
Unfruitful seasons. Bodies, or breasts of men. Ijrz, (1v of
j-) Having ground scantily watered, and producing but little.
Being lean (a she-camel).
A J-A- ajrs, (pl. of L- jaras) Bells. Ijrs, (iv of
U-2-) Making a gentle noise (the bill of a bird in pecking, or
the wing of a bird in flying). Singing aloud (a camel-driver).
A J-Wijrz, (1v of J-) Causing one to be choked. of ^-) Being important and arduous (an enterprize).
A JV- ajral, (pl. of JJ-jaral) Rough and stony places.
A *A- ajram, (pl. of c-jirn) Bodies. --Ll or a fence, to erect a stone. <--T: Newly planted.
The motions of the heavenly bodies. P ty- w- The hea
venly bodies. ra-,+) Elemental bodies. Ijrm, (1v of
**) Committing a crime.
A 2-) ajrab, Scabby, mangy.
A &A- airibat, (pl. of -- jarb) Certain measures of
grain containing 384 mudds or about 768lbs. Spaces of ground
where such quantities may be sown. (pl. of ~);- jirab) Lea
thern bags in which travellers carry their provisions. Spaces
or areas in wells, from the mouth to the surface of the water.
A. <-- ujrat, Reward, recompense, hire, rent, wages.
A e- ajrad, Bald, bare. A bald person. A barren field
A smooth stone. A horse with very short hair. A barkless
tree. 9,-] Alajrad, Name of a mountain in Arabia.
A e'- ajradani, (dual) Two branches of a palm-tree, two
trees stript of their bark. Two months or two days.
A L-" afrash, Half-pounded, coarse.
A \- ijrimba, When one sleeps without a bolster, pillow, &c.
A c- ijrinsam, (III of-A- Q) Being collected together.
Aj,2- ijrinmz, (111 of > 0) Being collected together.
Ae-) afuran, (or c-" ajurun) A brick, a tile.
A-5- ajra', May (he) cause to flow, or proceed.
A\,-\ ajriy, (pl. of s-jary) Pretending to be young.
Agents, deputies, attorneys. Ijrya, Custom, course. A re
turn to where one began.
A &A- ajriyat, (pl. of 2,~ jaric) Whelps. Small cucum
bers. Particles of cinnamon. Slices of a quince.
Aj- aja:, The reclining of the body upon the side.
Ay- jz, (1v of -5-) Sufficing, satisfying. Supplying
the place of another. Not sufficing. Paying tribute.
A *}- asa, (pl. of 5-jux-a) Parts, parcels. Ingredients,
materials. Minerals, drugs. Ijza, (1v of j-) Having enough,
being content. Putting a handle to a knife.
A_\}- isr, (1v of j-) Having fruit ready for gathering
(a palm-tree). Giving a sheep to be slaughtered. Being fit
for the butcher (a young camel). Growing old and approach
ing the period of dissolution.
Ajj- is, (1v of j-jazza) Being fit for reaping (wheat).
Having dates fit to cut (a palm-tree). Having sheep fit for
shearing. Becoming dry (dates).
A {}- asaz, (pl. of 3-jist) The windings or branch
ings off, of a river. Necklaces. Ijzz, (1v of 2-) Ren
dering impatient and querulous.
A J}- ijzl, (1v of Jr) Exercising liberality.
A J- ajzal, (A camel) galled or wounded on the back.
A. e;-- ajzam, One whose nose has been cut off.
A 2--' asd, (pl. of A-fasad) Bodies, trunks, carcases.
A el- asam, (pl. of-fism) Solid bodies. Ijsim, (IV
P c-- aftastan, and jistan, To plant a tree, to fix a pale
:
A --- asam, Large-bodied, corpulent.

J-)
AJ- ajashsh, One who has a harsh and sonorous voice.
A Q- ajsha, (pl. of ut-jash-a) Light bows; branches
of trees of which such bows are made.
A J- ijshash, (1v of U-jashsha) Grinding coarsely.
A c- ijsham, (1v of -) Toiling hard; drudgery.
A A- ajshar, Labouring under a hoarseness, and pain in
the breast. A+" Alajshur, Name of a place.
A 5- ajshirat, (pl. of r-jashir) Corn-sacks. Quivers.
Ala-Vijt, A word made use of in driving cattle.
A J-Wijeil, (1v of Ja-) Doing, causing to be done, pro
mising a price for labour, &c. and performing it. Being in
heat (a bitch). Taking a boiling pot from off the fire with a
cloth called Jae-jigl. Being infected by an immense num
ber of dead beetles (water).
A-lift, (iv of 3-) Unsaddling a horse. Following sheep
& so as not to let them graze. Being ignorant and unskilful.
A *-liii-a, (iv of u-) Oversetting a cauldron.
A - air, (pl. of ix-jafr) Kids four months old. Iiar,
(iv of -) Omitting an established custom.
A J-Wiifl (1v of Jz-) Running very fast (an ostrich).
Blowing hard and raising the dust (wind). Voiding excrement
(an elephant).
A Jlaiin, (pl. ofc-jan) Eye-lashes. Sheaths. Vines.
Aj Aiur, Name of a well in Arabia.
A *-* wifalat, A herd, a flock. Aialatan, In herds.
A Ji- aiala', Promiscuously, indiscriminately.
A J- ifil, Pusillanimous, timid. A young ostrich.
A J-7 jil, (part.) Procrastinating, delaying, protracting,
granting time, fixing a term. Hindering, prohibiting, detaining,
retaining, concluding. Exciting, provoking. Returning. Fu
ture, belonging to the next world, or life to come.
J-7 ful (or J-1 aal), A belch. Flatulency.
A J-' ail, (from J-), Acquisition, gain, Promoting, en
deavouring. Moving, tending towards any object, good or bad.
Drawing. Laying snares.
A J-' ail, ajil orijl, Cause, occasion, reason. e J- cr
Because that ... J- cr For that reason. <<!- cro On
thy account.
A J-'ijl, A kind of wild oxen, of the deer kind. A pain in
the neck, contracted by lying awry.
"J" Wil, (pl. of J.-lajil) Procrastinators.
s J'u, Yes, synonimous with t nasam, but a stronger
*malive. The latter is used when an interrogation precedes,
* frmer when it follows the imperative, &c.; as, r" sir, Go, J To loathe, &c. A A marsh, a fen, a bed of reeds, flags, or
Jl dial, Yes; J- tasir, Dost thou go? ** natam, Yes.
"J'aal, (from J-"), Having a pain in the neck. A term, | castle, any building with a lofty roof, quadrangular and flat,
an wned time. The duration of any given space of time. -: Al ajam, Name of a place in Syria.
J-'al Jal, The period or end of life, the predestined mo
* death. <y J-) afalgiritah, On the point of death, armed, (a woman) without ornaments, (a sheep) without horns.
L J- ajal
"a situation which precludes all hopes of life.
`
25 --
giy, Name of a poisonous root. A L- J-Wajal musamma',
The day of judgment. -
A J-) iijal (for Jiyyal), A wild goat.
A J-) aftall, Greater, more worthy, excellent, glorious.
A 2-1 il, (1v of Jr) Going into exile. Banishing. Be
ing dispersed. Recovering one's spirits.
A c-) aflb, (pl. of --jalab) Those who drive camels
for sale from country to country, drovers.
A 2-1 aild, The body, the person. (pl. of J- jild)
Skins, hides, parchments. Books. (pl. of *A*-jalid) Strong.
(pl. of M-) aflail) Hard places.
A J-ka- ijlas (Iv of J4-) Causing or ordering one to sit.
A session for judicial proceedings.
A -) afflf, (pl. of -i-jilf) Mean, ignoble, wretches,
tyrants. A carcase of mutton, without skin, head, or feet.
A J-lajll, (pl. of J-jull) Housings or any kind of horse
covering. Ijll, (1v of J- jalla) Reverencing, honoring;
majesty, glory, exaltation. Giving much. What a sheep brings
forth at one birth.
A &T jilat, Eternity; whatever relates to a future life.
A al-' Ijtat, Name of a place in Arabia.
A. g- ajlah, Bald on the forehead. Having the hair flowing
down the sides of the head. A camel-litter, with a low awning.
A. c- ijlikhmm, (1v of c-
Q) Assembling together.
Haughtiness.
A M-) aflad, Hard (ground, &c.).
A s- aflat, Having the lips open, so that the teeth appear.
A ----- ijlit bb, (1v of --~~ Q) Lying in a recumbent
posture. Being extended. Departing. Walking earnestly.
Being numerous. Being dispersed.
A &\- ilinit, (111 of 8-- Being thick.
A S- ijliwicz, (x111 of 3-) Walking quick (a camel).
A 4-1 aflah, A bull without horns. Full, broad, plump in
the face and temples.
A 4-lajillah, (pl. of J.-jalil) Glorious, illustrious.
A Ja- ajla', More splendid, bright, or resplendent. Bald
on the forehead. Name of a place in Arabia.
A *n, (part.) Abhorring, nauseating.
skA -- ajama, (fut. -\ 3ya-jumu) The fire burned. t
-- ajima, (fut. -: Ja-jimu) He nauseated.
sk A
A c- ajm, (from --) Heat, warmth, anger, rage. Ajam,
(from 2-) A loathing, abhorrence, nausea, detestation. p -
canes. A wood, a forest, a place of refuge. Ujum, A fort, a
A -- ajamm, A building without battlements, (a man) un
rz- ijmj or ujmj, Paradise,
E
 c-) 26
A c-) aftnd (pl. of A42- jumd) Fortified places or emi
mences, c-" Alajmd, Name of a place near Basrah.
A_\- ijmr, (1v of A-) Laying fragrant wood on the
fire.
A &\,- ijmt, (1v of 84) Collecting, convoking, consent
ing, agreeing, enacting. Fncountering, turning towards. Con
cealing. Tying a camel's teats together. A senate, a council, a
court, a crowd. --~~ &\ta-' An assembly of the people.
A J- ajmal, (pl. of J-jamal) Full-grown camels. Ij
mal (1v of Ja-) Doing anything well; deserving well. Cast
ing up an account; an abridgment, a summary, a synopsis.
Melting butter. Possessing many camels.
A l-" inlan, Briefly, compendiously, summarily.
A. J- ijmal, Abridged, summary, compendious.
A Ku- ijmm, (1v of - jamma) Filling a measure so that
the grain runs over. Giving rest. Being turned loose (a horse).
Approaching. Being ready.
A&a=" diamat, A reed-bed, a marsh. A forest, a haunt, a
den (of a lion, &c.). A subterraneous granary.
A t- ajmat, (ex- or e--') All, the whole.
A Ja-' anal, More or most beautiful.
r- ajmud, (or sex- ajmudah) Parsley.
Pr- Ajmir, Name of a province of Hindustn.
A. J-7 ajin, (part.) Altered, corrupted, fetid; tending to
corruption (water).
:k A e- ajina, (fut. J-W ga-junu) The water became putrid.
A J- ajan, (from e-') A change in the taste and colour of
water, fetidness. Beating cloths (as they do at the fulling mills,
bleaching-greens, &c.).
A U-) in (1v of J-) Gathering fruit. Having fruit fit to
be gathered (a tree). Being very fertile (land).
a u- ajna-a, Hump-backed. A sheep whose horns bend
backwards.
A -u- anb, (pl. of - jamb) Sides, parts, (pl. of <-- * & 3- Answers which put to silence.
-jumb) Polluted. Ijnb, (1v of C---) Being afar off.
Putting away. Causing any one to retire, or to avoid. Being
in a state of ceremonial uncleanness. Suffering from a pleurisy.
Coming as a stranger. Being exposed to the south wind.
A. c- ijnah, (1v of c-) Rendering inclined.
A Ju- ajnd, (pl. of X-jund) Soldiers, troops, armies.
Ac- Ajnadayn, Name of a place in Syria.
A L-- ajns, (pl. of U-- jins) Kinds, sorts, species,
goods, things. Wares, household goods. J- J-- Various
kinds of riches. &" L-- Various sorts, different kinds.
P --- J---, Playthings, toys.
A - su-" in, (iv of -i-) Declining from the right way;
injustice. Discovering any one to be unjust.
c- ijnn, (iv of c- janna) Rolling a winding-sheet | A concave verb, one whose medial radical is either a 9 or a 45.
A
round a corpse; hiding, concealing, burying. Coming on (the A J-ji al ajwafni, (The two hollows) The belly and the
darkness of night). Buzzing (as flies). Making mad.
:-)
A --- ajnab, Foreign, strange; a foreigner, a stranger.
Inclining or going to one side; obstinate, refractory.
re-- ajumban, Motionless, fixed.
A 3- ajnibat, (pl. of ~\-janb) Sides, parts, margins.
Corners. Thresholds, courts, &c. before houses.
A J- ajnabiy, A foreigner, a stranger.
A &- ajnabiyat, The state of being a stranger or alien.
A &- ajnat, jnat, ujnat, for &- wajmat, wifnat or wujnat,
The cheek, particularly the upper and more prominent part.
A &- ajinnat, (pl. of e-janin) Embrios.
A &= - ajnihat, (pl. of c-janah) Wings, hands, fins, (Lev.
xi. 9) pinnacles, (Matt. iv. 5) projections of any kind.
p <- ujand, Obsequious, obedient.
A i- ajna, One deviating from that which is just; acting
iniquitously in not obeying the commands, or fulfilling the inten
tions of a will. One having a hollow back, bent inward.
<<- ajinnaka, (or - e-c min ajinnaka), (poet, for
A
& J- cr min ajli annaka) Because that thou.
P c- Ajangan, Name of a village and fortress in Khu
rtSqn.
A va-" inis, A stupid, dull, indolent man, one who does
neither good nor harm; also a timid, slow man.
A c- afted, (pl. of <!-jawd) Liberal, bountiful.
Aj. ajwar, (pl. of A-jr) Neighbours.
A j- aftez, (pl. of 5-jaw:) Middles, centres.
A ";-) Al ajic, Name of a place.
A J);-) ajwal, (pl. of J.-jl) The parapets of wells.
A *}-
ajicam, (pl. of el-jm) Cups, bowls, goblets.
A j- ajwanz, A sort of spice.
Ae- ajwayin, A species of aniseed. j-,+ c- Hen
bane seed.
A --> ajicab, Prevailing, efficacious (prayer).
A 45- ajwibah, (pl. of -- jawb) Answers, replies.
A <-- ajicas, Arched, vaulted. One whose belly is pro
minent above, and lank below.
A z- ajj, Greatly inflamed, red, resplendent. Ujij, (from
z aija) Being salt, bitter, or brackish (water).
A 29-1 afar (or 9- ajr), A brick, or bricks. An odorife
rous apple, nosegay, or any thing held in the hand on account of
its pleasant smell.
AJ- ujur, (pl. ofj- ajr) Rewards, premiums, marriage
portions. (fromJ-) The setting of a broken or sprained limb.
A. 99- ajurah, A reward, hire, fare, wages. PUlo w- A
labourer for hire.
A j- ajwizat, (pl. of ;|- jayiz.) Beams.
A - ajwaf, Concave, hollow. Ample, large. (in gram.)
matrix.
 \\
A Ji- ajwak, A downcast or distorted countenance. (A man)
with a thick neck.
A J- ajwal, Dusty ; a dusty day. Name of a mountain.
** aftin, Disagreeable, loathed, disdained. (pl. of 3
ajamat) Haunts or dens of wild beasts; marshes, fems.
AJ- ajun, Corrupted (water). Ujun (from e-9 Becom
ing fetid (water).
A *- ajuh, (for *3) awjuh) (pl. of 4-2 wah) Faces.
At-lijh, (iv. of Ji-) Lying open and disencumbered
(a road). Being clear and serene (the sky). Appearing, go
ing forth (a man). Giving little; stinginess. Not conceiving.
A 2'- ijhd, (iv. of 34-). Overloading a beast of burden;
harrassing, vexing. Suffering vexation. Pursuing with ear
nestness. Craving food. Growing grey. Walking fast.
Aji- ijhar, (iv of ji-) Speaking clearly, publishing.
Aji- ijhz, (iv of ji-) Making an assault upon a wounded
person with intent to kill.
AJ- ijhsh, (1v of U-4-) Being about to cry. Stimula
ting to activity. Perseverance.
A Ji- jhs, (iv of Jie-) Overcoming, snatching the prey
from another. Casting her young (a camel). Causing to de
part with haste; removing, putting away. Avenging one's self.
Aji- ajhar, Squint or goggle-eyed. One that cannot bear
the glare of the sun. Beautiful, with a slight and delicate cast
of the eye, inclining to a squint.
ry-" ajharah, A kind of prickly shrub.
Aji- ajhuz, (pl. of j- jahz) Marriage-portions. Wed
ding apparel, paraphernalia of brides. Pudenda mulierum.
A ji= ajhizat, (pl. of ji-jihz) The pack-saddles ofcamels.
A Ji- ajhal, More or most ignorant. J-9 Ji- , The
most ignorant of mankind.
*Ji-lajhish, A company of men of different tribes.
*Ji- qjha', Bald. A house without a roof.
AS- ayid, (pl. of Az-jd) Necks, particularly such as
are long and taper. Short shirts or shifts. Name of a place
in the flat marshy ground of Mecca.
A - ayaf, (pl. of &-jfat) Stinking carcases.
:
*** ajaj, (from z aija) A burning, a conflagration.
** ayad, Having a long and beautiful neck. Very good.
*Ji jidan, To stitch, to sew.
AA- (jir, A mercenary, a hired labourer, a servant.
Ps- ajiranah, In a mercenary manner.
*** airi, Servitude, labour, hire.
Aji- Alujayfir, Name of a place in Arabia.
"J Jil, Procrastinating, deferring; slow. Delayed.
Collected (water). Heaped up (mud). Ujayl, A man's name.
**- ajim, (from *"), Burning, kindling; heat.
re- Ujayn, Name of a city in Hindustn.
*Tichr, Powdered or salted meats, pickles, or fruits,
P"rved in salt, vinegar, honey, syrup, &c. particularly onions
27 \-)
preserved in vinegar; also the pickle or liquor in which these
meats or fruits are preserved. Freshness, verdure. Mixed,
assembled together. Unequal rugged ground, full of risings
and hollows. (s STATU) Immemorial custom, conformity
to religious institutions.
r J-) achk, A frying-pan.
P <!-T achak, Earth, dust.
P <- uchakkah, A pick-pocket.
P. J- ich?, A kind of hawk. A vizir.
A r" ahh, Coughing; repeating often ah ah in coughing.
A Lu-) Ahabish, (pl. of J-Habash) Ethiopians.
A Cl- ahbish, (pl. of &\- hubshat) Mixed assem
blies, men of different tribes.
A &t-lihsat, (iv of c-) Digging up the earth, sifting or
examining it in order to find any thing.
A J-U- ahjy, (pl. of 35) uhjaw) Enigmas.
A c- ahh, Thirsting. Being angry. Ah! alas! Uhh,
Thirst. Rage, indignation, anguish, grief, passion, heat or
inflammation proceeding from agitation of mind.
A 2-7 ihd, (pl. of A- ahad) Units. Sundays. 3-,
e-V), An incomparable man; the one of ones; a phoenix.
A Ju-Juhd, as el- , They came singly, by ones. Ju
el-) uhad-uhd, One by one.
A $90-lihdat, (iv of 3-) Turning away from.
...A -se- ahadi, Independent pride.
A --~~~) ahds, (pl. of ~~~~ hadis) News, things
which have recently happened. Sayings or traditions concern
ing Muhammad, handed down by the Musulmn doctors, to the
number of 5266. JWA c-e'-' The tenets of the Kurn.
A $.3-) ihazat, (1v of 3,-) Driving camels fast. Drawing
together.
A SA- ihrat, (1v of 9-) Answering, replying.
A &\- ihshat, (1v of U-) Enticing from their haunts,
and surrounding every where with nets (animals).
A U-1-1 Ahass, Name of a city in Arabia, about two days
journey from the Persian gulph.
A. e--' ahsin, Good things.
A 3.3-lihzat, (iv of J-) Surrounding, comprehending.
Understanding.
A &l-) ihtat, (iv of ex-) Surrounding, enclosing, includ
ing, embracing, comprehending, understanding.
Ak- ahz, (irreg. pl. of a-hazz) Fortunes, successes.
A &t- Uhsat, Name of a place; also of a tribe.
A &t-lihkat, (iv of <<-) Making an impression (a
sword, or a discourse).
A \- ihlat, (1v of J;-) Passing by, elapsing. Laying
snares. Sagacity, slyness, subtlety. Being one year old. Re
maining in a place by the year. Leaping on horseback. Re
lating any thing incredible, impossible, or absurd. Having
barren camels. Rushing upon any one and striking him (with
E 2
 a whip, &c.). Pouring out water, by inclining the vessel in
which it is contained. Impowering or sending one to demand
or exact a debt from another. Squinting, or causing to squint.
Ar- ahamir, (pl. of 2-) ahmar) Red. Barbarians.
Uhamir, Name of a mountain.
A 3,4- Uhmirat, Name of a people of Persian origin,
living in Kfa.
A e- ahn, Being enraged, hating, bearing a grudge.
A &\-lihnat, (iv of c-) Remaining in one place. De
stroying, putting to death.
A Je- ahicis, (pl. of Je;-) ahwas.) Proper names of men.
A -- ahabb, More or most lovely, amiable.
A s- ahb-a, (pl. oft- haba-a) The favourites of a king.
A-1 ahibb, (pl. of --- habib) Beloved friends.
A c-) ahbb, (pl. of C--- habib) Friends, relations.
Ihbb, (1v of -- habba) Loving, liking, choosing, prefer
ring. Coming into ear (corn). Kneeling down (a camel).
Becoming fidgetty and restless from disease or work. Being
stubborn and refractory (a camel).
A_\-) ahbr, (pl. of r-hibr) Hebrew doctors or scribes.
Vestiges. Inks. Ihbr, (iv of 2-) Marking, impressing.
A U--> ahbs, (pl. of U-- hibs) Locks, dams, or collec
tions of water. Waters pent up. Bed-clothes, counterpanes.
Prisons. Hibs, (1v of U-) Dedicating to pious uses.
Throwing into prison.
A L- ihbsh, (1v of Utre-) Bringing forth a swarthy
child.
A JA-lihbz, (iv of C4-) Causing to beat or throb (as
an artery). Making a bow-string twang. Letting an arrow
fall carelessly without reaching the mark. Exhausting a well.
Excluding any one from his rights. Mental aberration.
A PV-1 ihbt, (1v of h-) Rendering void. Changing its
course (water).
A J-1 ihbl, (1v of J.-) Impregnating, getting with
child. -
A U-) Ahbush, An Ethiopian.
Ae- ahbun, Hydropsical.
Ajst-) ihbinjr, (111 of - Q) Swelling with rage.
A U--! ihbint, (xv of a-) Being pot-bellied.
A U- uhbsh, A mixed multitude.
A 4-) ahibbah, (pl. of C- habib) Intimate friends.
A --~~}) At ahatt, Name of a place in Arabia.
A u-liht, (iv of 2-) Sewing, twisting, making firm.
A c- alitt, (pl. of c-> hatt) (Horses) going with a
quick and long step.
Ayu- ihtr, (iv of 2-) Giving sparingly. Tying a knot
fast. Providing a feast for builders after finishing a house.
A J- ahtn, (pl. of ex- hatn) Equal, alike.
A \-) ihtib, (v111 of 3-) Drawing up the legs by means of
a bandage passing round the loins (as people do who are weary).
A J--> ihtibas, (v11.1 of U-->) Retaining, containing, con
fining, imprisoning. Despising. Restraining one's self. A
strangury. Being shut up, besieged, imprisoned, or contained.
A - ihtibak, (v11.1 of -) Drawing the back and
the legs together with a bandage. Doing any thing well.
A Ja- ihtibal, (v111 of J.--) Taking game with a net.
A c-) ihtitn, (v111 of c-) Resembling, matching.
A -----Vihtisas, (v111 of e- hassa) Exciting, instigating.
A -si-) ihtijab (v111 of - sr) Being veiled; seclusion.
A gt- intijj, (viii of a haija) Proving. Pleading.
Ajst-) ihtijr, (v111 of Pr) Abounding in stones. Con
structing for one's self a cell.
Aj\si- ihtijz, (viii of j-s") Girding up one's loins Ar
rivingin jus- Hijaz.
A 3-i- intij, (v111 of -is) Calling off one's attention,
renouncing. Taking possession of Overcoming.
A *i- ihtijam, (v11.1 of -**) Cupping, scarifying. Being
turgid from a fullness of blood.
A est- ihtijn, (v111 of cs) Drawing any thing to one's
self with a curved stick, and keeping it.
A c-) ihtidad, (v111 of 3- hadda) Inflicting punishment.
A ex- ihtidm, (v11.1 of **~) Burning; fervent heat.
Rage. Redness of blood inclining to black.
A "&a-Vihtisa, (v111 of 53-) Putting on shoes. Resembling.
A_\x- ihtizr, (VIII of 23-) Avoiding, taking care.
A ~2- ihtirab, (v111 of ~~~) Fighting, duelling.
A <!-- ihtirs, (v111 of c-) Tilling the ground. Hurt
ing a horse by over work.
Aj\;== ihtir, (v111 of 3,-) Taking care. Being secure.
A J-)- ihtiras, (v111 of U->) Preserving one's self. Be
ing preserved or guarded. Stealing sheep in the night.
A J-A- ihtiras, (v111 of Je;-) Coveting. Being in earnest.
A 3.2-lihtir, (v111 of -5,-) Being skilful in any art.
A J'A- ihtirk, (v111 of JA-) Conflagration, burning.
Ardour, strong desire. The disappearance of a planet on ae
count of its nearness to the sun.
A *V=- ihtiram, (v11.1 of -) Veneration, honour, reve
rence, respect.c- :- c- Princes (judges, or any great
men) worthy of reverence, entitled to respect, honourable.
Ajj-- ihtizz, (v11.1 of j-hazza) Cutting or chopping.
A - ihtizak, (v11.1 of-t-) Putting on a girdle.
A c- ihtizam, (v11.1 of -) Girding one's self with a
rope. Putting on clothes or armour.
A \-a-) ihtisa, (v111 of 3--) Sipping. Digging a well.
A --~~! ihtisab, (viii of ~) Computing, calculating,
enumerating. Imputing. Examination of weights and mea
sures. The police.
A\ta-' ilitish, (v111 of 2:-) Stuffing, cramming; repletion.
A L*a- ihtishsh, (v111 of U-- hashsha) Seeking forage.
Stacking hay.

A *l-" ihtisham,5 (v111 of ~
--~) Beingg ashamed (through
fear). Having many dependants, followers, or domestics;
magnificence, grandeur. ---- 2 As Honour and glory.
A2\-Vihtisr, ((viii ofLya-) Putting a housing on a camel.
s to
A 3.2- ihtizr, (viii of ri-) Coming into one's presence.
Arriving in town from the country. Approaching (death).
Running (as a horse, a fawn, &c.). Hurting, injuring. Sorrow.
Ae- ihtizn, (viii of cri-) Taking in one's arms, em
bracing. Sitting, brooding.
Keeping back, hindering.
A-le-lihtitb, (viii of -a-) Collecting fire-wood.
Feeding on dry thorns (a camel).
A c-iltitn, (wit of Cla-) Being broken.
A\c-lihtiz, (v111 of J-) Being highly honoured, and
amply provided for (as a wife by her lord); obtaining authority
and influence.
Aj- ihtizr, (v11.1 of 4-) Construction of a sheepcote.
Enumeration. Disesteem.
Ak-lihtisiis, (v111 of a- hazza) Delight, happiness.
It's Ajs- ihtiir, (v111 of -) Digging; excavation.
Aja-) ihtifax, (viii of ji-) Sitting down on the point of the
foot and preparing to rise. Drawing one's self together.
A*-lihtias, (viii of Ai-) Cautiousness, care, defence,
preservation. Being provoked. Self-commendation.
A-- ihti, (v111 of -i- haa) Eating up all that is on
the table, Plucking the hairs from off her face (a woman).
Dressing.
A J-Wihtial, (viii of J-) Assembling together; a con
course, a procession. Filling its bed (a river). Giving atten
tion. Polishing. Being manifest.
Ae-lihtian, (viii of c-) Appropriating to one's self.
Extirpating.
, * -- intikb, (viii of C-5-) Taking a load on one's
back. Perpetrating a crime.
Aj- ihtikr, (viii of -) Despising. Deserving con
tempt.
A J- ihtikk, (viii of G-hakka) Disputing, contending.
Being lank (a horse). Taking a sure aim, and hitting (a bird).
A J-lihtikn, (viii of c-) Giving or taking a clyster.
Suppression of urine.
Aj- ihtikr, (v11.1 of K-) Reaping. Accumulating, or
hoarding up grain against a time of scarcity.
**@-lihtikk, (viii of J.- hakka) Rubbing the body
*gainst a post. Grappling with an adversary.
AJK- ihtikal, (v111 of JK-) Being obscure and ambigu
* Being tongue-tied ; dumbness.
A --> ihtilb, (v111 of CJ-) Milking.
Akk- ihtilt, (v11.1 oflu A blunder. Anger. Grief.
AJk-lihtilk, (viii ofG-) Shaving (the head).
*J-lihtill, (viii of J- halla) Reposing. Restraining
anger,
S
t A -la-lihtiln, (v111 of 4-) Dreaming. Pollutio nocturna.
Reaching the age of puberty.
A \-) ihtim, (v111 of us-) Abstaining from, avoiding,
shunning. Protecting. Prohibiting. Being inaccessible.
A Qua-) ihtimd, (viii of x^) Being intense (heat). Com
mending one's self.
A J-W ihtimsh, (v111 of Ut-) Beng fired with rage,
and rushing to battle.
A Jua- ihtiml, (viii of J-) Laying on a burden. Tak
ing up one's goods, and quitting one's abode. Bearing
g, sus
taining; patience. A compliment. Possibility, probability.
Suspicion. Danger.
A c- ihtimam, (VIII of ~ hamma) (for ***) Anxiety.
A c-) intinik, (viii of 13-) Reining, curbing a horse.
Devouring every green herb (locusts). Eradicating. Subduing,
overcoming. Strength, firmness.
A \; -) ihtiica, (v111 of 55-) Comprehending, containing,
collecting. Occupation, enjoyment, possession.
A J- ihtiwash, (v11.1 of J-) Starting game; intercep
ting, surrounding.
A z- ihtiyj, (viii of g-) Indigence, want, necessity,
need, occasion.--- -\s) The necessitous, the poor.
co-- ihtiyjt, Wants, necessities, things requisite.
Aj- ihtiyz, (v111 of 59-) Collecting together.
Ak-) ihtiyt, (v111 of *;-) Surrounding, comprehending.
Taking care; caution, circumspection, foresight, scrupulousness.
Confirming.
Al-- ihtiytan, Cautiously, carefully.
A J-Wihtiyl, (viii of J;-) Fraud, deceit, machination.
Aj- ihsr, (1v of 2-) Bursting (a date).
A J-lihsl, (1v of J-) Giving unwholesome food to achild.
A Us" ahj, (pl. of uss. haja') Districts, tracts. (pl. of
us hija') Dispositions, tempers, geniuses.
"A cls ahjb, (pl. of ~\s hijab) Veils, curtains.
A zs ihjaj, (1v of 6- haija) Sending one on a pilgrim
age to Mecca.
A_\s- ahjr, (pl. of , r hajar) Stones. Name of a place.
Iljr, (1v of, s) Constructing a cell.
A Jus- ahjl, (pl. of J s hijl) Fetters. Ihal, (1v of
J-s") Tying up a camel's foot.
A els- ihjm, (1v of ***) Diverting any one from his pur
pose. Behaving in a cowardly manner.
A els- iljn, (1v of cs") The flowering of the herb *
summ. Drawing any thing towards one with a crooked stick.
A is- ahijat, (pl. of ** hajaj or hijaj) Bones that sur
round the eyes, those on which the eye-brows grow.
AA= ahjur, (pl. of , s hajar) Stones.
A cs- ahjan, Crooked, hump-backed, hawk-nosed.
A}s- uhjw (or *-**\ uhjiyat), An enigma; any question
put to try the genius.
 _-)
a 4-1 ahad, One, any one. A-J God. A-J ex Sunday. A
J-c Eleven. (mas.) **- One of you. c-) A- The one
of ones; an incomparable man. e--- 3- One of two good
things. 3- J% Every one, all. 3- er's No one. Ihd,
Unity. Uhud, Name of a mountain near Madna.
A 3- ahadd, More or most acute, sharp, vehement or fierce.
a "A-" ahadan, One by one, singly.
A -l-'ihdb, (iv of ~~~~) Making one hump-backed; Aj)}=\ ahrs, (pl. of 3,-- hirz) Fortifications. (pl. of jj
giving an inclination. | haras) Cobnuts. Ihrz, (1v of 3,-) Obtaining a reward, and
A -- ahds, (pl. of ~~ hadas) Pollutions, impurities. enjoying the benefit of it. Affording security. Strengthening.
(pl. of ~~~~ hadis) Youths. Novelties, accidents, chances.
Ihds (1v of c-) Producing, inventing, bringing into exist
ence. Being in a state of impurity, and incapacity for prayer.
A gl- ahdj, (pl. of z- hidj) Loads, burdens. Litters.
Ihdaj, (1v of z-) Putting a litter on a camel's back.
A c-lihdd, (iv of A- hadda) Mourning the loss of her
husband (a woman), and laying aside all ornamental attire.
Giving an edge, sharpening. Considering very attentively.
Ajee ihdar, (1v of 93-) Swelling from a blow (the skin).
Causing to swell. Hemming, or adorning with a fringe (a gar
ment). Twisting and tying in knots the ends of a piece of
linen. -
A J'- ahdk, (pl. of 3~ hadakat) The pupils of the
eyes. c c- Camomile flowers. Ihdk, (iv of J-)
Encompassing. Looking very narrowly.
A ex-luhdn, (pl. of A-1 ahad) Ones; the only ones.
A -- ahdab, Hump-backed.
A J- ahdal, Partial, inclined to one side, acting unfairly.
Having one shoulder higher than the other. Wry-necked. In
clining to one side in walking. Having only one testicle.
Crooked towards the extremity (a bow).
A &- uhdasat, A parable, a narrative, a story, a tale.
A c-) ahadun, (pl of 3-1 ahad) Ones.
A 45- ihda', (fem. of 3-1 ahad) One. ~}} sa- One of
one, any thing wonderful, unequalled. 3,4- sa- Eleven. (fem.)
P sa- ahadi, A species of military corps in India.
A 2-1 ahadiyat, Unity. Concord, alliance.
A --'A3-) ihddb, (x11 of ~~~~) Being hump-backed.
A 3-1 ahazz, Thin-plumaged (bird). Small, or thin-tailed
(animal). Slender-bodied, small-handed (man). Lightly and
hastily made (oath). Of interrupted conception (a womb).
A 3-1 ihz, (iv of .53-) Giving a shoe, or a share of spoils.
AJ&- ahzr, Care, caution. L'-) c" Provident.
AJ|3-) ahzk, (pl. of 333-hickat) Parts, segments, sections.
AJ- aharr, More or most hot.
a -y- Ahrb, Name of a place. Ihrb, (1v of c-)
Pointing out a road whereby a hostile incursion may be made.
A zy- ahrj, (pl. of g- hiri) Shells of a small white shell
fish. Those parts of the hare, deer, &c. which are given to the
30 _-)
hounds. Ihraj, (1v of: P-) Leading into sin; making miserable.
Rendering light. Prohibiting, interdicting.
A cy- ahrah, (pl. of cy- hirh) Pudenda mulierum.
ALy-ahrr, (pl. of 2 hurr) The free, free-born, noble,
free men. Herbs, greens, or any kinds of garden stuff which
are eaten raw. The middle parts of houses. Ihrr, (iv of A
harra) Being hot. Having thirsty camels.
Abstaining. Avoiding.
A U-,-] ahrs, (pl. of U-j- hars) Ages. Ihras, (iv of
L-) Remaining in a place for a long time.
A Jay- ahrz, (pl. of UAE,-- haras) Corruptions of the body.
Depravities of the mind. Sick, at the point of death. Insane
from grief or love. Thin, emaciated. Wicked. Those from
whom nothing is to be dreaded or expected. Quiet, unable to
nlove,
Name of a well in Madna. Ihrz, (1v of J-) Ema
ciating (as love or sickness). Begetting bad stock.
A - ahr, (pl. of 3,- harf) Sides, parts. Lean ca
mels. Ihraf, (1v of A-) Making lean. Being prosperous,
increasing in wealth.
J'A- ihrk, (iv of J.-) Setting on fire. Making gruel.
A
^\,-\ ahrm, (pl. of , haram and -j- harim) Sacred
A
places, sanctuaries, asylums. Ihram, (1v of ,) Being unlaw
ful. Making illegal, prohibiting; interdiction, anathema, ex
communication. Putting on a mean habit, in which the pilgrims
enter Mecca, in order to celebrate the festival of the 10th day
of the penult month of the Muhammadan year. Beginning the
holy month called Muharram, during which it is unlawful with
the Muhammadans to fight, hunt, or indulge in any sensual gra
-
tification. The cloak or habit above alluded to, made of a slight
woollen cloth. A thin sheet or a coverlet of woollen, which tra
vellers spread on the ground, and wrap themselves in at night.
Winning at dice. Taking under one's protection. -
A Q- ahrad, (A camel) having the tendon of the fore-foot
*
relaxed.
A L-A- ahrus, (pl. of U-j- hars) Ages. -
A J-W ahrash, Rough (coin). The mange, the murrain.
A land
A scab not besmeared. Sting-tailed (scorpion, &c.).
crocodile. Name of an herb.
A 5,-) ahru, (pl. of 3,-harf) Letters, particles.
A t- ihrimb (xv of ~~) Growing (as hair or grass).
A c- ihrinjm, (111 of e-j- 0) Thronging, crowding
together. Wishing for a thing and afterwards retracting.
A C- ihrinfash, (111 of J- 9) Proneness to anger or
Vice.
A cy?,-]allirrun, (pl. of 5,-- harrat) Stony countries.
A -5,-] ahra', Better, best.
A ,-) ahriy, (pl. of 5,- hary) Suitable, worthy.
 c-)
A U4.A- ahriz, A species of saffron.
A}- ahizz (or 5- ahizzat), (pl. of jj-haziz) Strong places.
A -j- ahzb, (pl. of -- hisb) Troops, bands, cohorts.
A j- ahzm, Cohorts, bands.
AJ- ahzn, (pl. of &- huznat) High, rugged mountains.
Ihsan, (iv of ej-) Making sorrowful.
s- ahzam, Thick in the middle of the body. High and
rugged ground. Most careful or cautious.
A J- ihzi-lal, (1v of J}~ Q) Rising from the ground
(a camel). Appearing lofty through a mist (a mountain).
Al-- ahs, (pl. of us-- his y) Waters subsiding through
any sandy ground, and collecting on a solid stratum. The strata
of stone or clay on which these waters stagnate. Ihsa, (1v of
;--) Giving one to drink. Sipping by little and little.
A -->! ihsb, (iv of --~) Being sufficient. Content
ing. Giving often. Becoming red or white (a camel's coat).
Aj->! ihsr, (iv of ,--) Dimness of sight. Weariness.
A J--> ihsas, (iv of U.- hassa) Feeling, perceiving, see
ing, finding, knowing. Combing a horse's mane.
AJ-'ahsil, (pl. of J-- hist) Newly-hatched crocodiles.
AJ->! ihsan, (iv of e--) Doing good, conferring an ob
ligation. Knowing well. Beneficence, courtesy. Kindness.
* A. J.--) ihsn-didah, Benefited, served, obliged; any one
who receives favours. A-J--! ihsn-mand, Obliged; grate
ful.
Al----' ahsab, More or most esteemed, honoured; most
befitting. (A camel) white and red. Red-haired (man).
A J-> ahsan, More or most beautiful, excellent, or agree
able. Ahsana, (in prayer) May (God) be gracious. Ahsin,
(imp. of iv) Do good.
**-> ihsinta, Inheritance, possession.
**~ ahsanad, (for A --~~~! ahsanta) Well done!
Al- ahsh, (pl. of - hasha) Bowels, intestines.
Auck-lishish, (iv of U- hashsha) Foraging, fodder
ing, collecting fodder. Having a dried-up foetus in the womb
(a woman). Being dried up; withering (the hand).
*- alsh, Dried-up udders. Ihsh; (iv of -i-) happy.
Bearing bad dates (a palm tree).
**k- ahsham, Servants, domestics, followers, attendants.
Trops, train, matchlock men. Ihsham, (1v of --~) Re
vering, venerating, regarding with awe. Provoking, annoying.
*u-J Alahas, Name of a valley in Arabia.
Au-'ahass, (A man) having thin hair. (A bird) having
few feathers on the wing. Barren (year). Unfortunate.
Ala- ihsa, (1v of Ja-) Numbering, computing. Writ
ing, expressing. Ordaining. Comprehending, knowing. Power,
ability. Vas-1} la ihsa, Inexpressible, beyond expression.
a la-'ih Y-r (iv of a-) Causing to break wind.
*~~! in o, (iv of a-) Scattering gravel about
whilst running (a horse).
31 h-)
A cla-) ihsd, (1v of x-a-) Coming to maturity and being
fit to cut (corn). Twisting a rope tight. Making strong.
A_\a-) ihsr, (1v of ra-) Besieging, investing. Restrain
ing, prohibiting. Pressing. Having the orifice of the teats
very small (a camel). Costiveness. Numbering. Abstaining
from going on a pilgrimage.
A J2\a-) ihss, (iv of Ja- hassa) Giving any one his share.
A a-lihs; (iv of i-a-) Conducting business in a steady
and judicious manner. Twisting a rope tight. Hastening.
A Ja-) ihsal, (1v of Ja-) Producing green and unripe
dates (a palm tree).
A Ja-lihsn, (1v of cra-) Taking a wife. Going veiled
(a woman). Keeping a wife very much secluded. Continence,
chastity. Besieging. Strength, firmness.
A Ja- ahissani, (dual.) A slave and an ass.
A --- ahzb, (pl. of ~i- hi-b) The twangs of a bow
string. Male serpents.
A zki- ahzj, (pl. of- hizj) The remains of water in a
cistern.
A ji- ihzr, (1v of ri-) Producing, presenting, making
appear, summoning, citing, calling before. Running. Sti
mulating a horse to the course.
A Ji-1 ahzn, (pl. of cri- hin) Sides, parts, tracts.
The dens of hyaenas. Ihsan, (1v of cri-) Despising.
A 3-1 ahizst, (pl. of Lza- haziz) The lower parts of
any thing.
Ala- ahatt, More or most steep or depressed. Very swift
(dromedary). -
A -la-Vahtb, (pl. of ~la- hatab) Fire-wood, pieces of
wood. Ihtab (1v of -a-) Being fit for pruning (a tree).
A Jua- ahtl, (pl. of Ja-hitt) Wolves.
A a- ahtab, Very slender (like a stick).
A 3-1 ahazz, Very fortunate or happy. Ahuzz, (pl. of
hazz) Prosperities, felicities, good fortunes.
A Ua-Vihz (1v of Ja-) Preferring one to another.
A-Vihrz, (iv "of a> hazza) Rendering prosperous and
A G-A All, Name of a town in Arabia. Iha, (iv of J-)
Walking barefoot. Causing to go unshod; injuring a horse's
hoof. Shaving or trimming one's whiskers. Having a galled
beast. Being very inquisitive; dispute. Disquietude. Bene
volence, kindness.
A c-) als, (pl. of -i- hais) Tripes, bellies.
A c-) ald, (pl. of Al-hfid) Friends, companions, fa
milies, grand-children, sons-in-law, relations.
Aj- Ahfar, Name of a place. Ihar, (iv of ji-) Chang
ing his teeth (a colt).
A J- ahfash, (pl. of Ut- hish) Cases in which women
put their spindles, &c. Small boxes. Small houses, closets,
&c.
 <<>)
a Jel- alis, (pl. of Jai-haft) Leathern sacks. Lions
whelps.
AJ33- als, (pl. of Jai-hafaz) Household goods, furni
ture, utensils. Camels which carry them.
A- ihfax, (1v of A-) Provoking to anger.
A s- inff, (1v of -i- haa) Allowing the hair to be
come matted from neglecting to oil it (a woman). Plucking
the hairs from her face. Making a horse's belly to rumble by
overloading him.
A c-) ahn, (pl. of 3.5-hafnat) Handfuls, small quan
tities.
A&- ahiffat, (pl of -\;= hi f) Curls, locks, or braids
of hair. Troops, bands. Parts, sides.
A c- ahakk, More or most worthy, deserving. Legitimate.
A horse that places his hind-foot in the footstep of the fore-foot.
A G- ahikka, (pl. of G-hakk) Worthy, suitable, proper.
A -- ahkb, (pl. of -i- hukub) Periods of 80 years,
ages. Ihkb, (1v of C-5-) Putting on the back girth of a
camel's saddle. Being barren from the want of rain (a year).
A 25- ahkd, (pl. of As- hikd) Hatreds, rancours, ani
mosities. Ihkd, (1v of A-) Stirring up hatred. Making a
fruitless search for ore.
Aj- ihkr, (1v of -) Holding up to contempt.
A s- ahk, (pl. of -i- hik) Hills of sand. Sands
extending a great way, and sloping from mountains, walls,
trees, &c. towards the sea. Name of a large district of country
in Arabia, extending from Hazramawt (to the eastward of the
straights of Bbilmandib (the gate of tears) at the entrance
into the Red Sea), to Omn on the gulph of Persia, and Ormuz.
It is covered with little hills of moving sand, which, when the
south wind blows, often prove fatal to the caravans.
A J- ihkk, (1v of C- hakka) Proving or establishing
the truth of a doctrine. Knowing for certain, distinguishing
justly. Restoring any one to his rights. re; J- J- To
administer justice.
A J- ahkal, (pl. of 3.3-haklat) Arable lands, sown fields.
Belly-achs (peculiar to camels from eating certain herbs).
Ihkl, (1v of J-) Putting forth the blade (corn).
A e- ahkn, (pl. of 3.5-haknat) Belly-achs.
A --- ahkab, A wild ass.
A 5-1 ahkar, More or most vile or contemptible. (Used for
I or me). ex",i- The meanest of (your) servants.
A - 33.5-lihkkf, (x11 of --) Crookedness.
A \{-\ihk-a, (iv of 3-) Tying firm, pulling tight (a knot).
A J-lihkl, (1v of J{-) Being obscure and doubtful.
Entering into the merits or intricacies of any question.
A c- ahkm, (pl. of hukm) Orders, decrees, man
dates, precepts of the law, judgments, sentences. Letters
patent. Secrets, mysteries, Predictions, presages, prognos
tics. cl- The ordinances of religion. 2 ' c
32 -)
i-) The sciences of the javelin (or the arrow) and the sword.
il) ck- The judgments of the stars (a book treating of
judicial astrology). Ihkm, (1v of K-) Fortifying, defend
ing, strengthening. Seasoning. Completing, regulating, in
stituting. Restraining a fool. Curbing a horse.
A e- c- ahkamul hkimin, The judge of judges, the
lord chief justice: also a title given to governors of provinces.
AJ-1 ahall, Feeble in the legs, weak in the feet.
A \-) ihl, (iv of 3-) Sweetening, discovering to be sweet.
A \-) ihl-a, (iv of U-) Applying a collyrium to the eyes.
A -- ihlab, (iv of e-J-) Assisting in milking; milking
cattle in the fields, sending the milk to different quarters. Hav
ing a camel bringing forth females. Flocking from all sides.
A &\-) ihlabat, Milking cattle in the fields and sending the
milk to different quarters.
A J-4-) ahls, (pl. of U.-hils) Saddle-cloths, or any thing
put upon a camel's back to prevent galling. Carpets, or any
thing similar laid under rich garments or furniture. Ihlas, (iv
of v4-) The weaving of a camel's saddle-cloth. Continued
and gentle rain.
A 2-) ihlt, (1v of al-) Pertinacity in swearing.
A le- ahlf (pl. of --hilf) Treaties, agreements, com
pacts. Confederates, companions. Fidelity in observing agree
ments. Name of an Arabian tribe. Ihl, (iv of -i-) Ad
ministering an oath.
A J.-) ihll, (1v of J- halla) Causing one to alight and so
journ in a place. Rendering lawful. Renewing hostilities at
the expiration of the sacred months during which war is inter
dicted. Laying aside a Nazarite's vow. Putting off mourning
(a widow). Deserving punishment. Having milk in the udder
previous to yeaning (a sheep).
A - ahlam, (pl. of ~~
hulm) Dreams. Bodies. Puber
ties. Ihlam, (1v of Al-) Dreaming.
Pe 41 ahlab diyy rumi, A kind of spurge.
A J.-- ahlas, Of a bay colour.
A J--!> ihlis as, (1x of U-4-) Being dyed of a bay colour.
A J- ahla, More or most sweet.
A 3.1- ahliyat, (pl. of J- hally) Strong withered grass.
A J-Wihil, Foramen penis et uberis. Name of a valley.
A}<!--! ihll, (x11 of 3-) Sweetness. (poet.) Sweeten
Ing.
A <!-- ihllk, (x11 of <<!-) Being exceedingly black.
A -- ahamm, Black (horse). Near, neighbouring.
A V-1 ahm, (pl. of ham) Fathers or brothers-in-law.
Ihm, (iv of J-) Guarding, preventing. Rendering inac
cessible. Heating iron.
A c-) ihmd, (iv of ~~~) Being praised. Deserving praise.
A Jv-' ihmsh, (iv of L-) Kindling (anger). Adding
fuel to the fire.
 ex-)
A Ju-Jihmz, (1v of Jia-) Producing bitter plants (the
earth). Feeding a camel with such plants.
Aja-l ihnak, (1v of G-) Bringing forth a foolish son.
Esteeming one to be a fool. Exhibiting signs of folly.
A Ja- ahml, (pl. of Ja- hamal) Burdens, loads. Ju
Jy The accoutrements, baggage, &c. of foot soldiers; any
thing carried by foot travellers. Ihml, (1v of J-) Loading.
Assisting in taking up a load. Emitting milk without conceiving
(a woman or a camel).
A w- ihnam, (1v of
hamma) Determining, measuring.
Warming water. Washing with hot water. Being feverish.
Throwing into a fever, Keeping in anxious suspense. Blacken
ing with charcoal. Approaching.
A vel ahmad, More or most laudable. One of the names of
Muhammad. c- Ahmad-bd (city of Ahmad), the capi
tal of Guzerat, 244 measured coss south-west from Delhi, each
coss 4000 English yards. The computed coss are only 2500
yards. e---- Name of the vazir of Mahmd Sabuktagin.
*J- Js j y. *~) It has happened according to
Custom.
**- Ahmad-nagar, (The city of Ahmad) Name of a
city of the Dakhan, 280 coss from Delhi. Here died the great
Awrangzeb.
AJA*- ahmadiy, Belonging to Ahmad.
Are ahmar, Red. Barbarous (not Arabian). The planet
Mars. A new untrodden path. 2- <--> A violent death.
Ay- ihmirr, (1x of >) Being very red. A violent
death.
A.Jae- al ahmarni, (The two reds) Wine and flesh.
A 52- ahmirat, (pl. of j- himr) Asses.
A}~ ahmaz, Stronger. Pricked, tart (wine).
Av- ahmas, Strong, bold, unwavering. Barren (year).
Aux~ ahmash, Spindle-shanked, slender-limbed.
Avia-'ahmaz, Acid, acrid, bitter.
AJ<l ahmak, Foolish, stupid, awkward. A fool.
A. Jia- ahmaki, Folly, stupidity.
AJ- ahma', Modest.
*A*- ihmirr, (x1 of, ) Being extremely red.
3: A e- ahina, (fut. e-g 3ya-hanu) He was angry.
AJ-'ihan, (pl. of 3-1 ihnat) Hatreds. Angers.
Al- ahn, (pl. of > hinic) Sides, curves, angles.
* -- innis, (iv of J.-) Making one swear falsely.
A t- ihnaj, (1v of t-) Prevaricating, cavilling.
Aux~! ahnsh, (pl. of U- hanash) Reptiles, serpents,
"Pers' Cunning or malignant (people).
AJ<! ihnk, (1v of G.-) Irritating, exasperating. Lean
fless,
A-4- ihnak, (1v of <<-) Rendering expert.
A&- ihnat, Hatred. Anger. (from J-1) Bearing an ex
treme hatred, holding in utter aversion.
J
A -- ahnaf, Bow-legged, bandy-legged. A man's name.
A -- ahnak, A camel that eats much.
A J- ahna, Crook-backed. t-3 e- Very benevolent.
A g- ihwj, (1v of ex-) Wanting." Causing to want.
A 39-) ihwz, (1v of 35-) Driving camels fast. Drawing
together that nothing might escape.
Aji= Ahwaz, Name of the country which the moderns
name Khzistan, and the ancients Susiana; also the capital city.
A J- ahwaz, (pl. of U-5- haics) Basins, reservoirs.
A J- ahical, (pl. of J-hl) States, conditions, situations,
affairs, accidents, circumstances, accounts, relations, events
(either past or present). r J- J- Military affairs.
J * -- J);-) Prosperity, good situations. ---> -->
**** J-- The Nabob enquired about many circum
stances.
Pulsr. J);-) ahwal purs?, Enquiry after health, affairs, &c.
A. <-,-] ahwab, Guilty. Undutiful to parents.
A t- ahwaj, More or most needed or necessitous.
A J- ahwazzy, Active, ready, nimble, clever.
A 2- ahwar, Having beautiful eyes. Understanding, intel
lect, intelligence. The planet Jupiter.
Ay- ihwirar, (1x of 25-) Being exceedingly white (the
white of the eye). Being very black (the pupil of the eye).
A -e);- Ahwarani, Name of a place.
A 32-) ahwirat, (pl. of);- hutcar) Sucking camels colts.
A -- ihwariy, Having a soft and shining skin.
A -55- ahwazzy, Nimble, swift.
A J-> ahwas, Bold, undaunted, intrepid, fearless. Name
of a place abounding in palm trees.
A Je;-) ahwas, Having the angle of the eye very acute.
Name of a man.
Ak;-) ahwat, Surrounding. Most comprehensive.
A J;-) ahwal, Blind of an eye. Squinting. Crafty, sly.
A J-Willicill, (1x of J;-) Being blind of one eye.
A \,-\ilitica, (1x of .53-) Redness.
A s- ahwa', Black, dusky (in the lips).
A&;-) ahwiyat, (pl. of \;= hiwa) Arabian tents made of
woollen or goats' hair.
A '- ihwiw, (x1 of 53-) Excessive redness.
A J- uhayy, (dim. of s;-) ahtea') Blackish in the lips.
A Q- ahy, (pl. of us- hayy) The living. Tribes, families.
Deserts. Ihy, (1v of :-) Recalling to life, reviving. Having
healthy, thriving flocks. Discovering a place to be fruitful.
Migrating to a region abounding with herbs. ex')\- A
term used (in India) to denote any piece of ground incapable of
yielding advantage, either from want of water, from inunda
tion, or any other cause. "]"; \;=\ The quick and the
dead.
A c-) ahyd, (pl. of Ar- hayd) Eminences, or prominent
parts of a mountain.
F
 (3-)
Aju- ahys, (pl. off-hayyis) Places, environs; the courts
or avenues leading to a house.
A eV- ahyn, (pl. of c- hin) Times, ages. Ihyn, (iv
of c-) Living, passing some time in a place.
A G- ahynan, Sometimes, from time to time, now and
then. Accidentally. In the event of, in case that.
A 3-1-1 ahihat, Extreme anger or sorrow. Uhayhat, Name
of a celebrated man.
A -->| Uhaydib, (dim. of ~~~~) Name of a mountain.
A i- ahyaf, A country or field on which no rain falls.
A J-Wahyal, More or most sagacious."
A s:- uhaywi, (dim. of .53-) ahwa') Reddish-lipped.
A 3-1 ahyiyat, (pl. of \,- haya) Pudenda mulierum.
P & akh, Ah! a sigh. Bravo! courage ' Ukh, Oh!
A ) akh, A brother. Fy! Ah! alas! Ikh, A word used to
make camels bend the knee. Ikhkh, A pot.
Al-T ikh, (pl. off" akh) Brothers.
A G-likh, (111 of 3-) Acting like a brother; contracting
a most intimate friendship. Ukhkh, Name of a place near
Basrah. An exclamation of surprize.
Ajs- akhbir, (pl. of js- akhbr) News.
A &ts-) akhdd, (pl. of ex~" ukhdd) Furrows, oblong * 2 Precious advices, happy news, agreeable intelligence.
cavities or clefts in the ground. Blows cutting the skin.
A "** |----> J- Dreadful news, unfortunate advices. J.-
A 3-\ikhs, Stagnant water, a pool, a ditch, or any place
where water stagnates. Land of which any one takes possession
either for himself or for his lord.
A J3-) Alikhazani, Name of a place in Arabia.
A $3's." akhazat, A pond, &c. Land granted by a prince
on feudal or copyhold tenure. A handle, the handle of a shield.
.* -ss- ikhz, An acceptance, a receipt.
PA-T akhr, Anything thrown away on account of its in
significance. See J-T akhal.
A sys-Wikhrat, (iv of 23-) Bending, turning. Lending.
A c- akharij, (pl. of zy- kharj) Tributes, imposts, re
venues.
Outgoings, expenses, costs. Rivers overflowing their
banks. Clouds when just beginning to appear.
rj's 7 khs, Things of small value.
A J.-- akhs, (pl. of \-- khasa) Unequal.
A J.'s Vakhsf, Soft ground.
s ikhsat, (1v of J22-) Making one ford a river.
A s-\ Akhf, A man's name.
A &\s-Wikhfat, (iv of 39-) Terrifying, intimidating.
A Js-) akhkk, (pl. of J- ukhkk) Clefts, fissures.
p J's 7 khl, Any kind of rubbish (as parings of fruit,
shavings of wood, &c.). Name of a city.
A JUs" ikhlat, (1v of Lst) Appearing doubtful. Portend A \s-\ikhtib-a, (v11.1 of **) Being concealed, lying hid.
ing rain (a cloud). Considering the appearance of any thing A --~\ ikhtibab, (v11.1 of C--> khabba) Cutting or tear
especially of a cloud disposed to rain. Putting an image re ing a strip from a piece of cloth.
sembli ng a man near a young camel to scare the wolf. Having
x->
Ajs-
milk in the udder (a came!). Being fruitful in grass.
34 <--)
A v.----' akhmis, (pl. of U---' akhmas) Camels five years
old. -
A Jax's- akhmis, (pl. of Jae- akhmas) The hollow parts
of the soles of the feet. Slender in the middle.
A els- akhani (for -e);-) akhaicani), Two brothers.
Pej UsT khndan, (from e--" akhtan) To make one
come forth, to cause one to draw (a sword, &c.). .
A $.3-likhwat, (from 33-)) Acting as a brother or a friend.
A \,\! akhy (or -- akhr), (pl. of 3~! akhiyat)
Stakes, ropes, &c. to which cattle are fastened.
A J's "ukhyil, Having many moles, particularly those which
add to beauty. Spotted. Vain. Dignified, honourable, worthy.
A \-" ikhb, (iv of 3-3-) Extinguishing. Pitching a tent.
A --~" ikhbb, (iv of --~ khabba) Trotting a horse.
A curs-) akhbt, (pl. of c--> khabt) Plains, extensive, level
and soft grounds. Unequal and sandy grounds. Ikhbt, (iv
of c-) Self-abasement. Mental tranquillity.
A curs" ikhbs, (1v of G-) Corrupting. Keeping bad
company. Being the proprietor of any thing evil and impure.
Ajs- akhbr, (pl. of > khabar) Histories, tales, annals,
gazettes, news, relations, advices, chronicles, traditions, p A-)
is the title of many books of history; as \;=\;\- History of
the Khalfs; y) js- History of the poets; * A-\
IIistory of the world : <\;<\;\ , C."js ) The history of
countries and the description of cities. Ikhbar, (1v of J-)
Advising, informing, relating, certifying, giving intelligence.
* L; J-W akhbr-nate's, A news-writer, an intelligencer.
A -- ikhbar y, Declarative, expressive.
A J-W ikhbl, (1v of J-) Giving another the benefit of a
sheep's milk, or of a camel's hair. Lending a horse to go on "
military expedition.
A -->) akhbas, More or most impure.
A J-Walakhbasini, (The two impurities) Dung and urine.
A &\ akhbiyah, (pl. of \-- khiba) Tents, tabernacles.
Name of one of the mansions of the moon.
P **) akhpakh, Understanding, wisdom, intellect.
A G-- ukht, A sister, a female friend or companion. Simi
lar, equal, alike, congenial. J- *\s \ The sisters of Canopus,
name of two stars of the second magnitude.
rs- akhtj, A feudatory wassal to another sovereign. -
A ea-\ akhtn, (pl. of ex~ khatan) A bride's nearest kin
dred, as father, brother, &c. Sons-in-law. Circumcision feasts.
2
ikhtibar, (v11.1 of re-) Experience, skill.
| Ajs ) ikhtibs, (viii of 3-3-) Baking brea"
 <--)
A J- ikhtibas, (v11.1 of U-->) Overcoming.
Av-Vikhtibiish, (viii of Ls-) Collecting, gathering.
Azikhtibiit, (viii of ars-) Importunately asking a fa
vour without claim or previous acquaintance. Asking at night
from shame. Shaking leaves from a tree.
A J-Wikhtibil, (v111 of Js-) Depriving any one of his
reason, or of the use of his limbs.
A was likhtiti-a, (v111 of **) Concealing one's self from
fear or shame Being greatly afraid. Deceiving.
A s- ikhtitam, (v11.1 of **) Finishing, completing; end,
conclusion, fulfilment. Pas- --> Affectionately, friendly,
lowing, whose end or tendency is love or friendship.
- A Jaz-Vikhtitn, (viii of c-) Being circumcised. Cir
cumcising one's self. Acts xvi.
A {x- ikhtidit, (v111 of **) Being deceived, cheated.
A x- ikhtidam, (v11.1 of **) Being employed in ser
wice, -
123- (or A&T khtar) A star. An omen. An en
akhtar,
sign, a standard. Name of an angel. js- << Born under
a lucky planet, fortunate, virtuous. 2-) * >9 A daugh
ter of fortunate stars. 2: 2-) The fifth constellation, i. e.
the planet Mars. J's 2-) The planets of wisdom, i.e. Ju
piter and Mercury. j-j- 2- A happy constellation. A
J. To count the stars, i.e. to keep awake. JA
The standard of Gw, or of Faridun.
Avrs ikhtirash, (viii of U,) Scratching. Providing
for a family.
,4)
Az ikhtirat, (v111 of Stripping the leaves off a
branch. Unsheathing a sword.
A&R- ikhtir, (v111 of &A) Cleaving. Deriving from
another source. Inventing, contriving. Defrauding.
A JR- ikhtirak, (vi.11 of JA) Tearing. Being rent. Per
wading, blowing with violence, (as the wind). Patching, sew
ing on a patch or piece. Making up a story.
A 2- ikhtiram, (v11.1 of **) Destroying, extirpating.
Cutting off. Dragging away.
"J-> akhtaristn, Name of a treatise on astronomy.
As akhtar-shumr (or L-L-3 2-), An astronomer.
r;-- akhtar-g, An astrologer, a fortune-teller.
A}< ikhtizz, (viii of j- kha:2a) Stitching. Selecting.
A {j=- ikhtisfit, (v11.1 of
{}) Tearing away, alienating
(one) from his kindred.
A J}~ ikhtizl, (v11.1 of J) Being alone. Putting asunder.
AJ- ikhtisan, (v11.1 of e5-) Hoarding. Keeping a se
eret.
A s- ikhtisht, (v111 of --~) IIumbling one's self.
Al-& ikhtisa, (v11.1 of J-a-) Castrating one's self.
AJ- ikhtisr, (v11.1 of a-) Abridging, abbreviating, con
tracting, curtailing; an abridgement. Taking by the hand.
Ava- ikhtiss, (v11.1 of La-khassa) Being peculiar, par
3J **
*-v
*
\
ticular, proper, special. Appropriation, choice. Intimate friend
ship, particular attachment or devotion.
A 3-3-likhtisii, (v111 of --a-) Sewing, doubling, stitch
ing. Covering the body with leaves.
A '-- ikhtisam, (v11.1 of ra-) Enmity, altercation, dispute.
A --- ikhtisab, (v111 of --~i-) Tinging the nails or the
hair with cypress.
A 23.3-likhtistid, (v111 of x-i-) Putting a halter on a camel.
-
Ajs- ikhtisar, (viii of ri-) Mowing, reaping, cutting
down any thing green. Dying in the flower of youth.
A &\-a- ikhtise, (v111 of 8-i-) Humbling, abasing; self
abasement. Passing quickly by.
A U- ikhtit, (v111 of 3a*) Stepping. Over-stepping.
A -la-likhtitb, (viii of a-) Preaching. Betrothing
a wife. Inducing to marry.
Al-Ur-likhtitt, (viii of a khatta) Drawing a line, tracing
(upon paper). Beginning to grow (a beard).
A jux-likhtiti, (viii of -a+) Seizing, carrying off by
force. Leaving (as a fever). Gr-likhtitan, Forcibly.
A \l ikhtia, (v111 of 5-) Withdrawing, concealing one's
self. Producing, shewing. P Js *322 *9; \;=&\ Lurking
behind the veil of oblivion, i. e. indolent, lazy, obscure.
A y- ikhtiar, (v111 of, 3-) Violating an agreement.
A Je-likhtifax, (viii of J-) Being circumcised (a girl).
r; t akh tufa, Spittle, saliva.
A}-\ikhtil, (v11.1 of 33) Retiring with another to a soli
tary place. Penetrating and cutting (a sword).
A -\;<\ikhtilab, (v111 of 44) Wounding with the nails.
Cheating, cajoling. Mowing, cutting down grass.
A z- ikhtilj, (v11.1 of **) Dragging away. Being for
cibly separated, being weaned. Trembling. Winking (the
eye).
A L-k- ikhtils, (v11.1 of J-4)
Seizing, snatching, carry
ing off. \-k-) ikhtilsan, Hastily, violently, forcibly.
A Q-2-1 ikhtilt, (v111 of al-) Mixture, confusion, perplexity.
Insanity. Intercourse, conversation, commerce, association,
friendship. Breaking down (as a horse).
A &- ikhtilt, (v111 of t-) Being divorced. Robbing,
plundering. Violating an agreement.
A s- ikhtil, (v111 of -i-) Discord, diversity, dissen
sion, coolness, misunderstanding. Going to and fro. Suffering
from a diarrhoea. P J -3%-" To contradict.
A ck-likhtilt, (pl. of 3-3-1 ikhtilf) Dissensions.
A J ikhtilak, (v11.1 of c-) Being well-proportioned, of
just dimensions. Inventing a lie. Beginning a thing anew.
Adopting foreign habits. Fragrancy.
A J-Wikhtill, (v111 of J-khalla) Being emaciated. Stand
ing in need. Sewing, stitching. Confusion, disorder, altera
tion; defect, detriment, obstacle. Sourness, acidity. J
E 2
 23-)
Ju- A state of confusion (disorder, tumult). zy- J-
alteration of health or constitution (for the worse, illness).
Ayu- ikhtimr, (v111 of 23-) Putting on a veil called j
khimr. Fermenting (as wine, dough, &c.).
A ***
ikhtimam, (v11.1 of ** khamma) Sweeping a house.
Cleaning out a well. Hearing distinctly. Weeping bitterly.
P e khtan, To draw (a sword, &c.). To hang, to sus
pend. To lead, to bring. To go forth. To overtake, to reach.
To play. To accustom. To weave, to knit. To castrate, to
geld. To fear, to tremble. An ambassador. Name of a king.
A --- ikhtins, (v111 of ~~~) Bending inwards the
brim of a leathern bottle, so as to be able to drink.
A J- ikhtinak, (v111 of G.A.) Being strangled.
p &l akhtah, Drawn (sword). Trained, managed (horse).
Castrated. A gelding. Exhilarating (wine). J &T Mas
ter of the horse.
J- ukhtiy, Sisterly, belonging to a sister. A she-camel.
A the body from any cause becomes stiff, and is thereby deprived
Aj- ikhtiyr, (v111 of 23-) Election, choice, option. J
J-Free-will. P J j- To choose, to will.
t:- ikhtiyr, A man in years.
A y- ikhtiyran, Voluntarily, spontaneously.
.4 - ikhtiyr, Choice, approbation, power, authority.
In one's own power, at one's own disposal.
A Jlikhtiyl, (v111 of J.-) Strutting, walking with dig
nity; pride, superciliousness, thinking highly of one's self.
A c- ikhtiyn, (v11.1 of c-) Betraying ; deceit, perfidy.
A \ akhs, (pl. of J.- khasy) Ox-dungs.
A j- ikhsar, (1 v of 2-) Leaving butter to condense.
A * akhsam, Flat-nosed; having a broad round nose, not
sensible of smell (as the lion's). A broad-sword. (A camel)
having a round and short foot.
A --& Akhs?kas, Name of a town in Transoxania (Tur
kistan) situated on the river U*. Shsh.
A Jss- ikhjl, (iv of J) Confounding, putting to shame.
P &-s- akhjastah, The threshold of a door. A purple
flower, otherwise called e';*) arghuwan.
a glas- ikhdaj, (1v of **) Bringing forth an imperfect
colt. Being without rain (the winter).
AAA- ikhdr, (1v of J) Being overcast with clouds or
rain. Being always in society.
A &la- ikhdt, (1v of **) Concealing, laying by.
A eles- ikhdm, (1v of **) Giving a servant. Seeking
servant, taken one into service.
A ex- akhdn, (pl. of J.A.- khidn) Friends. Girls.
A --As- akhdab, A tall slim fellow. A fool, an ideot.
rja- akhdar, A whole brother or sister.
Ajs- akhdar, Dark (night).
A s- akhdary, A wild ass.
A t- akhdae, More or most fallacious, crafty, sly, cun
h
36 - $)
_-
An ning. A vein in the neck to which the cupping-glass is ap
plied.
A 23-) akhdam, One who has many servants. (A horse or
sheep) having the lower part of the hind legs of a whitish co
lour (If on one foot only it is called J- arjal).
A xs- ukhdad, An oblong fissure in the ground, a furrow.
(A blow) cutting the skin.
A & T khiz, (part.) (A camel) beginning to become fat,
also to breed teeth. (Milk) beginning to turn sour.
* , 3- akhasa, (fut. 3- ya-khusu) He took.
A 3- akhs (from 3S-1), Taking, seizing, apprehending, re
ceiving; intercepting, assailing, taking prisoner. Objecting,
cavilling. Containing, holding. Clipping, paring. Begin
ning; purpose, intention. Marching, tending towards; leading
through. Way of life, manner, disposition, habit. Equal,
alike, resembling. Unanimous. Punishment. Rigidity, (when
of motion). *"A- Taking vengeance. 2-2 & Taking
and seizing; fraudulent dealing. ra's 2 & Receipt and
disbursement. U43; 3- A receipt. 3-) ** The pro
gress or motions of the stars. P J 3-) To take, to receive,
to examine. Ikhz, A cautery applied to a camel's side to pre
vent a threatened distemper. Custom, mode of living. Akhaz,
(from 3-) akhiza) (A camel's colt) having the stomach op
pressed by too great a quantity of milk, or from its acid quality.
Fury. Akhiz, Suffering from an inflammation in the eyes.
Ukhuz, Opthalmia. (pl. of J-W ikhs) Pools, stagnant wa
ters. Lands which a man takes possession of, either for himself
or his lord.
A "3+\ikhs-a, (iv of 3-) Humbling, making tractable.
A 33-7 akhixat, Rigidity, stiffness; a disease occasioning a
stiffness in the joints.
A $3- ukhsat, A philtre, a fascination, any thing by which
one is easily deceived. An amulet, a charm. Depressing, sub
jecting one to an injury or hardship. A.) s \ A little while
after sun-set, when candles are lighted.
PAT akhar, A bason, a bathing-tub, a reservoir. Yes;
surely, truly. For example.
AAT akhar, Je A" Another, or a
Another, a second.
foreign country. AT <-- Another way, otherwise. P J
ex~! To be altered.
AAT khir, Last, posterior, ultimate, final. The end, issue:
a extremity, latter part. Finally, at last, afterwards. JA
At length, finally, eve; AT The end of time, the last "S.
e.V., A. J. To the end of the world. J A-V The *
breath. AT 2 J; First and last. P --> 2-\ The lauer part
of the night. ex~" To be finished. AS j=-\ A catas
trophe. At length. es" To finish.
r_<\ akhur, (or 25-N akhr) A stall. The collar-bone.
A 2-) akhir (for A-" akhir), The end, the extremity.
 _-) 37 c-s-)
A.A- ukhar, (pl. of 52- ukhru', fem.) Others. Ukhur, A 3-,-]
-> akhrijat,
war, (pl. or
of ~
z>+ kharj)) Exp
Expenses. Revenues.
The latter or hinder part. Name of a well at the foot of mount g2,3- Akhraj.
AAT akhiran, Finally. W-7 A- He came at last. P A-AT akhar-charb, Pleasure, ease, affluence.
A-,-] Al akhrb, Name of a place between Egypt and r -e J-1 akhar-dast, Any one occupying the lowest seat.
Madina. The end of an affair. A shoe-maker. Dice.

A-,-] ikhrb, (1v of -,-) Laying waste, depopu A L'A" akhras, Dumb. (A mountain or other place) hav
lating. - ing no echo. Silent (army). Thick (milk) the sound not be
A-A- akhrt, (pl. of c,-- khurt) Needle-eyes, holes ing heard (when the vessel which contains it is shaken).
pierced in the ears or any other thing. Collar or breast-bones. r_\- AT akhur-slr, Master of the horse. A grey-beard.
P e-AT khur-sangin, An empty cratch. An unprofitable
Buttons, buckles, clasps, &c. for fastening the breast-harness of
horses, &c. post.
A gj akhraj, (pl. of G.J-kharj)
Tributes, revenues, pro p JA" akhirash, At last, finally, after all.
duces. Expenses, expenditures. Clouds just appearing. Rivers A 32-) akhrifat, (pl. of -5,-kharif) Sucking-lambs.
A JA akhrak, Dull, unskilful. Pierced in the ear, and
overflowing their banks. Ikhraj, (1v of z_*) Producing,
drawing forth, bringing forward, expelling. Rushing or sally mangled in the operation. Blowing vehemently (the wind).
ing out. Expending. Growing great. P J zy- To ex P $2.7 akhurak, A small stable or stall. The collar-bone.
pel, to banish. A **) akhram, Having the lips chapt (by cold), Pierced
A. --!> ikhrajat, (pl. of ikhrj) Expenses, charges. in the ear, nose, &c.
A. s Al akhramni, Name of two mountains in Arabia.
A}- ikhrr, (iv of A- kharra) Causing to fall, throwing
A U-\,+) ikhrinmas, (or L-- ikhrimmas), Silence.
down. Cutting off the hand.
A J-A ikhrs, (iv of U,) Making dumb. A *\,-\ ikhriwwat, (x111 of *A-) Being long and tedious (a
AJ-All Al akhras, Name of a place in Tihamah. journey). Holding fast the foot of a bird (a springe). Travel
Ak'A' ikhrt, (1v of 2,2-) Causing a diarrhoea. Suffering ling quickly.
under a complaint called 2,3- khirt (a camel). Closing a wallet. rule;-) akhrash, (for Uly-kharsh) A clamour, a noise.
AA ikhrf, (1v of 53) Yeaning, foaling in autumn (a h ,47 akhrut, A walnut.
sleep, a camel, &c.). Entering upon the autumn. A ev, akharian, (pl. of AT khar) Others. Posterity.
A JA ikhrk, (iv of J.A.) Astonishing, confounding, dis A. *A ukhraw? y, Relating to the other world.
couraging, deterring. Tearing to pieces. Behaving roughly. A 45- ukhra' (or V ukhra), (fem. of AT akhar) Amo
A ~~ akhrab, More or most ruinous, laid waste, pierced, ther, the last.
cleft asunder. Perforated in the ear. ~A) Al akhrab, A "A- ikhiryan, (or VAT khiran), At length, in the end.

Name of a certain barren mountain in Arabia. A A ukhrayat, (pl. of -5A ukhra') The last parts.

"cAT khir-bin, Beholding the end; provident, prudent. re;47 akhriyn, Household furniture, wearing apparel.
A-AT khirat, Posterior, last. The extremity. Life T rej9-) akhriyan, An ignorant, stupid fellow.
eternal; the other world. A is always opposed by the A g;-) ikhrjj, (x1 of z_*) A mixture of white and

Arabians to \ duny, which signifies, The world, or the black in an ostrich. -

Present life: synonymous to which the Persians make use also of AJAA ikhrirk, (x1 of J.A.) Being much torm.
J- J. This world, and J- e That world; and likewise Aaj- ikhrit, Peeled, barked, skinned. Turned, as in a
figuratively -t-.' .43. The lodging of to-night, and sl turner's lathe. Wild leek.

The habitation of to-morrow. 52 U. &\! The final dispen AJAT khirin, (oblique pl. of ,-7 akhir) The last, the
sation, i.e. Christianity. latest comers; posterity. 3,- enj Decree of fate. Ter
A 5A akhiratan, In fine, at length. 5,3- A- He came at Jy J.A." An epithet of Muhammad.
mination of an affair.
last 5A, & He sold upon futurity, i.e. on credit. A 93) ikhz, (iv of 54) Despising. Grieving, afflicting.
A 5- akhirrat, (pl. ofJ.y- kharr) Beaten tracks between
Ruining.
two hills.
A - akhizzat, (pl. of 35-khuzaz) Male hares.
A&A akhraj, Variegated with black and white. (A sheep) AJ- akhzar, Having small twinkling eyes, purblind.
with white feet and sides. (A mountain) covered with black A j- akhzam, A male serpent. Name of the grandfather
and white sand or stones. Collecting tribute. of Htim Tayy.
A z-A ikhrjj, (1x of g_-) Being variegated with black A akhza'. More or most ignominious, infamous, mean.
and white (an ostrich). A J.-- akhass, More or most vile, ignoble, avaricious.
*~~~! Al akhrajani, Name of two mountains in Arabia. Aj\--) ikhsr, (1v of ,-3) Suffering loss.
*
 c-
A J--- ikhss, (1v of L-3-khassa) Acting basely. Dis
covering one to be vile and contemptible.
* <-T khastah, The lowerlintel of a door-way, a threshold.
AJ- akhsar, Expending. Suffering any loss or injury.
A &-- akhsifat, (pl. of -5,-- khasi) Wells dug in rocks.
* <-4T khsamah (or *-- akhsamah), Barley or rice
water. A wine or spirit made from barley, &c.
p J- Ukhs?, Name of a town in Transoxania.
* --- Akhsisak (or --- Akhsikat), Name of a
city.
r Js akhash, (U&- akhash, or e--" akhshan), Price,
value. e-- Jsi To give a price.
A {\- ikhsht, (iv of 8-2-) Rendering humble.
A --- akhshab, Wooden. Wooden-fronted, impudent.
Harsh, hard, thick. Horrible, dreadful. Rough, rugged.
A J Al akhshabni, Name of two mountains near
Mecca, and of two near Madina.
A i- akhshaf, Walking badly by reason of the mange.
A -- akhsham, Defective in the sense of smelling.
P & 3.3-lakhshamah, Barley or rice-water.
A e- akhshan, Rugged, extremely rough.
rz- akhshanj, Adverse, inimical, repugnant, contrary.
p six: -) akhshandah, A child's rattle.
A J- akhsha', More or most timid.
p ** khsh/j, Adverse, contrary. e--T akhsh/jan,
The (four) opposites, i. e. the elements.
A c----Vikhshishb, (x1 of ---) Being very muddy
(water). Abounding in grass (the earth).
A J--- ikhshshn, (x1 of c-) Being extremely rough.
Being clad in coarse raiment.
r akhshik, (or e-). See **T and J-T.
A Ja- akhass, More or most peculiar, especial, or excellent.
J J- akhassu'l khawass, Most excellent of the nobles.
A -\as akhsb, (pl. of ~ khasib) Cultivated, inha
bited places. Full of provisions. Ikhsb, (1v of -a-)
Abounding in produce (a place). Going to such a place. Fat
tening.
A ; as ikhsf, (1v of -i-,-) Running swiftly. Covering
(the body) with leaves.
A *\a- akhsm, (pl. of : khusm) The corners of the eyes.
A Cia akhsa, Variegated, party-coloured, black and white
(cattle). Ash-coloured.
A gi- ikhzaj, (1v of **) Breaking up a concern.
A &i= ikhzt, (iv of 8-i-) Humbling, rendering submis
sive. Causing to stoop (old age). Speaking politely, amo
rously (to the ladies). -
A J- ikhzl, (1v of J-33) Moistening. Being dark.
A.M.&l akhzad, Bent double.
A, is akhzar, Green, dusky brown. 23-), The green
38 is-)
sea; under this name the Arabians comprehend all that ocean
which extends from the coasts of Arabia and Ethiopia to India,
and even to China. ri-) ** The green or Persian gulph.
ri- J-s A green peacock, the peacock of paradise.
A yi- ikhsirir, (1x of Pik) Greenness, verdure.
A ti- akhsat, Humble, submissive. Obedient, well-broke
(horse). Hanging the head. Bending the neck (an ostrich.)
A -- akhsu, A serpent.
A J-Wikhsilal, (1x of J-i-) Being moist. Being full of
branches (a tree). -
A ji- ikhssr, (x11 of ri-) Excessive greenness.
A Ji-i- ikhs/sal, (x11 of J-i-) Excessive humidity.
A J-Wikhsilal, (x1 of J_i+) Being full of branches.
A Was" ikht, (iv of a-) Causing to step.
A "la-likht-a, (1v of Ja-) Erring, sinning involuntarily.
Imputing sin. Throwing into danger. -
A -la-likhtab, (1v of a-) Coming within reach of the
hunter (game). Inviting to a marriage. Ripening (grapes,
gourds, &c.).
A_\la- akhtar, (pl. of Aa- khatar) Dangers, destructions.
Dignities, honours. (pl. of Ala- khitr) Many camels. Ikhtr,
(iv. of A-) Recalling to mind. 2xposing to danger. Staking
one's property. Being equal in rank.
A ua- ikht, (iv of -a+) Missing the mark. Being
folded together. Wounding with an arrow.
A Ja- ikhtl, (1v of Ja-) Talking at random.
A -la-' akhtab, A green magpye. A species of black and
white eagle, with a large head, which hunts sparrows. Any
thing in which the russet-brown colour prevails. A black hine
on the back of an ass. One who repeats best the prayer called
&las khutbah. A bitter kind of gourd. Becoming fat.
A la-' akhta, Having an extenuated belly.
A Ja- akhtal, Flap-eared. A hyena. Foolishly talkative.
Name of a poet. Jas) ' abil akhtal, A horse, a mule.
A las' akhtam, Long-nosed. -
A \-" ikh, (1v of J*) Concealing, hiding, suppressing.
Manifesting. \\ |- The art of rendering one's self invisible.
A c-liklitid, (iv of A$3.) Appearing pregnant (a camel).
AJ- ikhfar, (1v ofA-) Failing to afford protection, be
traying. Giving one a protector. -
A J-- ikhs, (1v of U.S.A.) Talking indecently. Inebria
ting very soon (wine).
A U2'-' ikhs, (iv of U-354) Circumcising a girl. Slowness.
A s." akhf, (pl. of -is khuff) The hoofs of a camel.
Ikh; (iv of Cix khaffa) Loading lightly. Being lightly
loaded. Having light, nimble horses. Being in easy circum
stances. Laying aside one's gravity.
A J- ikhk, (1v of c-) Dozing, nodding. Setting (a
star). Flapping the wings (a bird). Returning without spoil.
Being at the full (the moon). Being gaily dressed. Prostrating.
 J-)
A * akhfaj, (A camel) trembling in the limbs. Having
the feet distorted. Bow-legged.
A L akhfash, Having small weak eyes, seeing better at
night than in the day-time. Name of three grammarians.
A&l akhiyat, (pl. of $3 khif) Veils, coverings. &#3-
J The coverings of sleep, i.e. the eyes.
Ajjis ukhkk, A fissure in the ground.
PJ3. akhkr, A fire-brand, a burning coal, ashes.
* x&T khkakand (A.G. >< *.x.<! ~4- or x~),
A child's rattle, a timbrel, an instrument made of two brass
plates, or bones; castanets.
*JGlakhkul, Long-headed. A beard of corn. Chaff.
rl akhkalandah, A curry-comb.
** ukhkam, The rim of a drum, a sieve, &c. A fillet, or
wreath for the head.
1,3 akhkamr, The crupper of a horse.
P *l akhkabah (<-33) or *%+), A button-hole, a loop.
*}<! akhkur, A wild pear. Unripe, sour fruit, as dates,
or plumbs. A button-hole.
r akhkzah (or 5,3- akhkjah), The same as the
preceding; also, a weaver's shuttle. A button.
*Js' akhkish, (+5.3." or U.S.3") Unripe fruit.
re akhkn, A button-hole, a loop, a button.
akhgar, Charcoal. & Live embers,
AJ- akhall, More or most indigent. Akhull, (pl. of C
khull) Winegars,
Als akhl, (pl. of 5,3- khalic) Empty, vacant. Wain, idle.
Ikhla, (iv of :-) Being void and solitary. Courting retire
ment. Consulting in private. Laying waste, depopulating.
Leaving off eating. Being peculiar to, belonging exclusively.
Abounding in herbage. Putting a bit in a horse's mouth. Fod
dering cattle. Adding fuel to the fire.
Als akhilla, (pl. of J.3 khalil) Friends (intimate and
sincere).
A -3. akhlb, (pl. of ~!- khilb) The claws of wild beasts.
g serpent. A current.
Diaphragms. Pericardia. U.) --> Beloved by the women.
Ikhlb, (iv of ~4-) Plucking, gathering. Being thick and
muddy (water).
** ikhlj, (1v of **) Extracting, drawing forth.
A $. ikhld, (1v of **) Perpetuating, rendering eternal.
Remaining stationary in a place. Continuing steady in one's
attachment. Growing old by slow degrees. Leaning, inclining.
*Jikilis, (iv of L4+) Purifying, correcting; emenda
tion. Sincerity, piety, friendship, affection, probity, candour.
A.'s ikhlsan, Sincerely, unfeignedly.
***k ikhls-mand, Sincere, friendly; a friend.
Als akhlt, (pl. of 43- khilt) Mixtures, miscellanies. IIu
"its of the body. Name of a town in Armenia. &9) !--"
"he corrupted humours. &y .9%3.) The four humours, ele
30 ~)
mentary qualities, or complexions in man. Ikhlt, (1v of A$).
Helping a camel to cover. Breaking down in running (a horse).
A 3- akhlf (pl. of -i- khalf) Successors, descen
dants. The teats of a camel. A r \aj) c-ex-,-3)- akhlft
satadat ittisf7, His glorious and august, or virtuous, posterity.
Ikhl; (iv of ~~) Breaking a promise, disappointing. Giv
ing no rain (clouds). Repairing a garment. Repaying, re
imbursing, making amends. Germinating afresh (a withering
plant). Removing a girth from before the sheath of a camel.
Drawing water. Putting the hand to the sword. Becoming
offensive from long fasting (the breath). Being a year under
full age (a camel). Being cleft asunder (a tree). Depravity.
A J- akhlak, (pl. of c- khalk) Peoples. (pl. of c
khulk, or khuluk), Natures, dispositions, habits, manners. J}<!
&-- Amiable manners. *- J}<! Laudable qualities.
Akhlak is a general name for books on morality, as Vx' ck
The morals of learned men; 4, J}<! The manners of
kings; us-s J}-\ Name of a dissertation on ethics. (pl. of
c- khalak) Worn-out clothes. (pl. of J- khalk) Goodly
portions. Ikhlk, (1v of c-) Wearing out, or being worn
out (a garment). Putting on a worn-out garment. Lightness.
A Js" akhll, (pl. of J khill) Intimate friends. Ikhlal,
(1v of J-khalla) Confounding, disturbing. Exhausting, im
poverishing. Frustrating, disappointing. Deserting, aban
doning. Keeping a fort thinly garrisoned. Bearing unripe
dates (a palm-tree). Turning sour (wine). Feeding camels
on a sweet herb called & khullat.
A c- akhlam, (pl. of * khilm) Friends, companions.
A t akhillat, (pl. of J}< khill) Tooth-picks, small
needles. The coverings of sheaths or scabbards.
A J-4) akhlas, More or most pure, sincere. <!--" J.--
The most faithful of servants. e;" Ja- Cordial, genuine.
A l- akhlat, A wild pear.
A - akhla, Foolish, labouring in mind. (A camel) in
clining to one side on account of a distorted shoulder. A male
A c- akhlak, More or most apt, fit, or proper. (A stone,
&c.) smooth, equal, free from fissure or flaw. Worn out, poor.
| Of a good disposition.
PJ- akhlr, Bean-pods. The carob-tree.
A Q- akhliy, (pl. of J- khl; and of J. Khaliy) Free *
from grief, pain, or care. Idle. Unmarried. Uncultivated,
desert, uninhabited, void, vacant. Times past.
A ** akhj, An excellent swift horse. -
A 3.3-likhlilak, (xii of c-) Equality, evenness. Being
overcast (the sky). Having a low elevation (a building).
A cl ikhmd, (1v of ~~~) Extinguishing a fire.
Aju- ikhmr, (1v of 24-) Covering, concealing, suppress
ing. Fermenting. Revolving in the mind. Giving, bestowing.
Entering into a crowd. Hatred. Neglect. Abounding in wine. -
 40

I. of A sy-likhwn, (pl. of t akh) Brothers, friends, compa
mas, nions. J e);- Cotemporaries. Ikhwan, A table, a tray.
the
A -->;-) ikhwat or ukhwat, (pl. of t akh) Brothers. 45
ikhwatuhu, His brothers. Ukhuwat, Brotherhood, fraternity.
A <-- akhwas, Having a loose, pendulous, flagging belly.

ob A- akhiz, (from 3-) Growing sour, (milk).

t-T akhur, A stable, a stall. Litter or straw laid under
eep cattle. A cistern, a bath, a stone vessel from which water is
poured upon the body. J-7 ) The master of the horse.
r_f akhr-salar, Master of the horse. A grey-beard.
Pf akhrak, The collar-bone.
;ious A U-,-) akhicas, Having the eyes sunk in the head. A hot
wind which hurts the eyes. A deep well. A hill of sand. A
m7s) sheep with one eye black and the other white.
A - akhwaf, More or most timid. Very alarming.
A J:- akhtcak, One-eyed. Deep (well). Ample, roomy.
hich Wide extended (desert). Scabby, mangy (camel).
ed. A. J;-) J;-) akhwala akhwala, (Sparks of fire) flying about,
here (men) dispersed here and there.
and A &;-) akhwilat, (pl. of J khl) Maternal uncles.
P e akhn, A theologian, a preacher, a public speaker.
lose.
A e;-) akhun, (pl. of ) akh) Brothers; friends, companions.
ob
A &;-) akhicinat, (pl. of e':- khiwan) Tables.
und P A >> khnd, A tutor.
A -s;-) akhatriy, Brotherly, sisterly.
f the A U.3-) e dam al akhtein, Dragon's blood (a red gum).
nab,
P us- akh?, A good work. Manly, generous.
foot. A J akhi, My brother.
AJ- Ukhayya', Name of a place in Arabia.
kles. Aj- akhyr, (pl. of 23 khayr) Good, best, choicest, most
ting.
excellent. J- **}s Chosen from the best; most excellent.
A J-- akhys, (pl. of U-3-khs) Thickets, dark groves,
. Haunts of lions. Places full of reeds or flags, in which animals
take shelter. Rays of milk streaming from the teats when milk
mel).
ing.
A J- akhyash, (pl. of U-23 khaysh) Linen cloths of a
coarse and flimsy texture.
A 2'-3" akhyt, (pl. of a 3 khay!) Threads, slender ropes.
linen
A 3-) akhy, (pl. of -i- khayf) Skins of teats. Dif.
ferent kinds of men. Brothers by the same mother, but different
pt. fathers.
A J- akhyl, (pl. of J- khayl) Horses. Horsemen, ca
'mit
valry. Proud, conceited (people). Ikhyl, (1v of J:3) Por
owed
tending rain.
ming A J Ukhyan, Name of two mountains.
A&T akhiyat, akhiyat or &- akhiyat A rope, stake, peg,
or ring with which cattle are fastened; a tether.
A & akhiyat, Brotherhood. Protection, tutelar authority.
Clientage.
A & akhikhat, Broth made of flour, with butter, or oil.

rl akhidan, To arrive, to reach, to overtake.
&lakhiz, (fem, 53:- akhixat) Taken; a captive.
ras akhir, The foundation of a house. Cement, plaster,
the incrustation of a wall. An unburnt brick. A land-mark.
Az akhyar, (from 23-) Better, best. Akhir, (from A)
Posterior, last. y:- akhiran, At length, in fine.
a vy akhirs, (or 4-9-1), (Ets) Wild wheat.
*** ukhayra', (dim. fem. of ukhra'), Another.
p Jz akhiridan, To draw a sword.
*js" akhiz, Cement, plaster, the incrustation of a wall.
s akhiz-gar, A plasterer.
A v-> akhyas (J.-- exe & adad akhyas), A great number.
r st akhisah, Aram leading the flock. A march-stone, a
land-mark. Defective, imperfect.
A J-s- ukhayshin, (dim, of e- akhshan) Roughish.
A Le- akhyas, (A ram) having one horn broken. (A
goat) having one horn erect, the other inclined to the head.
Having one eye larger than the other.
A - is akhya, (A man or horse) having one eye grey, the
other black. (A camel) with a large sheath.
AJ3-'akhyal, Having many moles (on the face, &c.). A
green magpye. Name of a tribe and of a place.
G Ls- akhinus, ('Eg's) Wild wheat.
ge- akhyun, (Ezi) Snakes-head (a plant).
* < khyah, A ram preceding the flock. Praise. Spittle.
A limit, a boundary, a hedge or inclosure.
As ill, Strength, power, vigour, hardness.
A add (from cladda), Taking by surprize, overpowering
(as an unexpected misfortune). Vociferating or braying like
a camel. Wandering, straying. Power, strength, victory.
Add, or idd, Misfortune, sorrow, great danger. An arduous,
difficult affair; any great and momentous business. A profane
or unlawful action. Udd, Power, strength, vigour, victory.
Name of an ancient Arabian tribe. Iddi, (imp. of -59)
alone, relinquish, meddle not.
s's idi, (s 3|T, Ginger in the undried state.
as all (or; adawa), (fut. >\. ya-d) He assisted, he
strengthened. He became strong. (The fruit) came to ma
turity. He armed himself well. He prepared for a journey.
He lay in ambush.
A's ad, Payment, satisfaction, performance.
rad, Pronunciation, eloquence, voice, expression, song,
music, odes. Wel stv -U.3 The nightingale with the melodious
* - Ls A.A., A). The melody of the birds with
A r"o c-> Just expression or pronunciation.
sweet notes.
*** - ~~~ Well-weighed, judicious interpretations.
p's
J% 'J' To pay, to satisfy, to liquidate, to discharge. To
perform, to execute, to accomplish. To assist. To bring to
Perfection. To prepare for a journey. To lie in wait.
41 \S)
pronounce, to express, to sing, to warble. J J JAC) To
make payment of debts. e- ..s) To perform military
duty, to make a campaign, to discharge that vassalage which *
military tenant owes to his lord.
A sale idi-at, (iv of) Falling sick.
A -le adb, (pl. of C-3) adab) Civilities, good manners,
devoirs, ceremonies, politeness, forms of address in writing and
speaking, salutations, respects. Many books, particularly of
morality and science, have the title of adb; as 3 ~~) -'
L-A) The manners of the Arabians and Persians; \,\! ~e
The duties of travellers, or the manner in which those who
travel to, or reside in, foreign countries, ought to conduct
themselves; use 'Si The duties of a judge; -3%) -le
The duties of a secretary; 94) 'S' The manners of
princes, &c.; c's 3. $33 ,-S7 Name of a Persian Dic
tionary, explained in Arabic and Indian, by Kz Mahmd
bin dahlawiy, a native of Delhi, who died ann. 1420. ,-\s
-'e Well-bred, learned men. --~~...~"Si The minor duties
of life. sle adb-gh, The place of obeisance in the
palace of a chief.
A -le id-ab, (1v of ~~) Labour, diligence, exertion.
A 2'- wdbir, (from 29 He turned his back.) One who has
an aversion to his kindred, who listens to, or cares for, nobody.
r x<\e" ada-band, A describer of the actions or blandish
ments of women.
r x'e) ada-bandi, Description of blandishments, &c.
A slida-at (or "e" idi-a), Suspecting falsely.
A "e" adat, An instrument, tool, utensil, apparatus; what
ever is necessary in the forming or completing of anything. (in
gram.) An accessory particle; as x <-- The definite
article (JW). y c-le) An illative or conclusive particle,
prefixed to nouns or verbs; as 3, Then, therefore; cl
Je: A conjunctive particle; s- ,-3) A particle added to
Let form the plural from the singular number; Je ,-'e) A par
ticle supplementary to nouns or participles in forming the names
of agents, similar to er in English; as 3% kr-gar, Alabourer,
from JS Labour, &c.; \* -'s) A vocative particle; cl
- A particle of relation or possession, which, when added
to a substantive, implies the being endowed with any quality;.
as ~~}}" arzil-mand, Desirous, from 25W arz, Desire.
A cle adad, Power, strength, victory. Adad, idad, or
addad, The chameleon (a plant). Idd, (pl. of 3) idd) Mis
fortunes, sorrows, dangers.
A \,\,\ add, A species of mezereon.
A see idadat, (iv of 9,9) Being infested with worms.
A Me) Adr, Name of the sixth Syro-Macedonian month
(March), their year beginning in October. With the Jews
| however it is reckoned the twelfth month (February), their
To year commencing with March.
G
 -2)
A Lo adrki, A kind of Indian medicine, of an acrid
poisonous quality.
and
A 303) idrat, (1v of 23) Turning round. rl- sle
* Handing round, pushing about, the deathful cup.
rele adarin, (in anc. Pers.) Hideous. Wicked.
r Je dsh, Bearing the same name with another.
* le ud, Membrum virile. The ear.
Fr le) adfahm, Understanding by signs.
**) adk (or crs adk) An island. A ford.
A &J'el idlat, (1v of J) Assisting, making superior.
A ele dm, (pl. of le idam, and of ** adm, q.v.)
p re adm, The celestial globe.
A re adam, Whatever joins one thing to another. Name
of a place. A woman's name. Idam, Whatever is eaten with
bread. A chief, a leader, a model. Consenting, agreeing.
Name of a well a day's journey from Madina. Adama, (in
prayer) May (God) prolong.
A 2'-3'addam, A tanner, a currier.
P Je ida-mal, A pension. Tribute.
A ----'e idmat, (1v of **) Perpetuating.
Raining gently
without intermission. Stilling a boiling kettle.
A &\el dnat, (iv of eye) Being weak and infirm.
A &le) idanat, (1v of J) Lending. Buying or selling on
credit. Compensating. Subduing, reducing to servitude.
* Ls Adnsh, Name of a reputed prophet.
A 'e) adani, (pl. of jo daniy) Near, neighbouring. Weak,
Worse, more or most infamous.
A <2\,\e adwt, (pl. of cle adit) Instruments, utensils.
A 8,'e' *at, An ewer, or vessel, from which the Mu
hammadans pour water, for washing the hands and other waters. Much wealth. Plentiful. The latter parts.
members in their religious ceremonies.
A 'e) adawi, (pl. of 3,\,\! idawat) Ewers, water-pots.
A cle) adhim, (pl. of se adham) Fetters. Black horses.
Al adahim, Name of certain dark-coloured hills in
Najd.
A f idib (part.) One who invites to an
the master of a feast. entertainment,
A --> adb, (from r 'c') Inviting to an entertainment,
thing stupenduous or wonderful. Any wicked
A -e) adab, Courtesy, politeness, urbanity; good-breeding,
respect, reverence. Modesty, bashfulness. Learning, IllOra
lity, sound doctrine. A law, a rule, an institute.
stupendous or wonderful. As) -e) Abundance o Any thing
the sea. reele -e) To *rect, to civilize, to teach. f water
-e)in dark and cloudy (the day). Raining incessantly.
95 To behave modestly, properly, or honestly. -e) ~%
Rudeness, incivility. J% -e) .* To offend against good
manners; to be boorish, blunt, rude, or unpolished.
A -->) adabb, Having little hair on the face. Hairy (camel) Ing. Defeating. Causing to slide.
A\e idi (r. of ) Producing the herb eoy rams.
* W3) udaba, (pl. of ~9) adb) Humane, learned
2 polite
44)
A -l) idbb, (1v of ~3 dabba) Causing to creep. Placing
a boy on horseback. Administering justice in a province.
A_\e adhr, (pl. of 23 dubr) The hinder or latter parts of
any thing, of the back, neck, &c. those who come last, the rear.
(pl. of 329 dabarat) Ulcers, galled places on the backs of
cattle. J.sLs Two inclinations of the head or body, after
certain evening prayers. ve The same ceremonies
after morning prayers. Idbar, (1v of ye) Turning back.
Setting (as the sun or stars). A reverse of fortune, fall, dis
grace, ruin. Perverseness. Following. Galling a horse's
back. Having a galled back (a horse). Exposing to the
west wind. Understanding. Ripening. Twisting (reins).
A y." idbaran, Finally, in the end.
A Sje' idbrat, Synonymous with Je idbr; also the open
part of the ears turned towards the hinder part of the head.
A J-- * (iv of U-9) Being of a dark colour (grass)
when beginning to sprout.
P &\,\! adabanah, With reverence, with respect; civilly,
humanely, politely, wisely, discreetly, learnedly, courteously.
sj' e *-disasah, Possessed of a clear voice.
P
A --> adbab, Hairy (camel).
A e" **'. An entertainment to which one is invited.
P &\s lab-khanah, A school. A water
closet, a necessary.
AA- adbar, Ulcerated, 9. alled in the back. Adbur, (pl. of
29 dabr) Fields. Green corn, or any thing of that kind, cut
as food for horses. Emoluments. Deaths. (pl. of 29 dibr)
Swarms of bees or hornets. Young locusts. Rocks in the sea,
sometimes covered with Water, sometimes left dry. Great
A U-- ts, Chesnut-coloured (horse, &c.).
A U--- idbiss, (1x of Je) Being of a dark bay colour.
A s *07/, Polite, learned.
Name of a mountain.
A <s' adabiyt,
(fem. pl.) Relating to humanity, po
liteness, or learning. Accomplishments. The graces,
Ale adr. A species of serpent.
A e iddat, Adversity, grief. A wonderful, difficult, or
thing. $3. *se dah '''iddat, A great misfortune.
AJe adsar, Perishing.
Ruined. Careless.
A 2-e' idja, (iv of 3-3) Being dark (the night).
d *** affin, (pl. of J** dajn) Cloudy, rainy (nights or
*Ys). Idjn, (1v of cre) Remaining stationary. Being
A c-e adjan, (A camel) of an ugly black colour.
A 5-3) adjaw, Hairy,
having intangled hair (a goat).
* CA-3) idhs
* (iv of J-3) Pismissing a suit. Abolish
A J-2 idhak, (1v of Casting lots. Propping up.
G-J) Driving away. Despising.
...A J-2 adhl (or
-
J-2 adhul), (pl. of J-3 dahl) Caverns
in the earth
> *rrow at top and wide at bottom, where people
 _>)
may walk. Cavities in the channels of rivers, or the bottoms
of wells. Openings in the sides of the Arabian tents, through
which the women retire when any man enters. Moles, dikes,
or other works by which water is collected and confined.
J-C Al adhl, Name of a place.
A 5-9 udhuwat (or J-e' udhiy), The place where the
ostrich lays her eggs. Name of a lunar mansion.
r2: adakh, Good, elegant. Of a dignified appearance.
AJ<! idkhr, (1v of ,-3) Vilifying, rendering contemptible.
s iddikhar, (v111 of A-3) Being contemptible.
A Je idkhl; (iv of J-3) Introducing, inserting.
*Jiddikhl, (viii of J-2) Entering.
se-- iddikhn, (viii of c-e) Sending forth smoke.
*Je adkhal, Interior, more or most intimate, familiar.
Ae adkhan, (A sheep) of a dirty smoky colour.
A&J'adkhinat, (pl. of Jse dukhan) Smokes, fumes.
A2. Adad, Name of a tribe in Arabia Felix. Idad, (pl. of
is iddal) Adversities, misfortunes. Wonderful things.
A see adulty, Belonging to the tribe of 23 Adad.
p9.7 dar, Fire. Adir, A phlebotomist, a bleeder.
Ajji adar, Afflicted with the rupture.
**). adira, (futje'. ja-diru) He was ruptured.
Ajl adar, The rupture. Udur, (pl. ofJe adar) Ruptured.
AJ adarr, Having oblong, ruptured, or swelled testicles.
ld
Ayelidr, (iv of 533) Teaching, instructing.
A jidr-a, (iv of ye) Flowing from a camel's udder
f
beestings). Announcing.
Ay idlir (viii of 5,9) Combing, parting the hair. At
It
tacking, assaulting.
A jiddiri-n, (v11.1 of ye) Lying in wait (a hunter).
A-jidrb, (iv of ~99) Passing through the defiles of a
mountain to invade an enemy's country.
A c- adrj, (pl. of zy- daraj) Ways, paths. Steps, de
grees (of honour). Idrj, (1v of gye) Exceeding a year and
not bringing forth (a camel). Folding. Inserting. Tying a
camel's teats.
Ays' idrr, (1v of ye darra) Agitating, moving, whirling
"d Giving liberally and continually. .
idrr, Cloth sufficient to make a garment. A pension.
A )- idrarat, Pensions."
idrri, A pension. As much as will fill a dish.
Au-j- udrs, (pl. of Ly dirs) Tattered garments. Ca
mels tails. J-j-";" abu adras, Pudenda mulierum. Idrs,
("of Je) Studying.
*Je adras, (pl. of Jeye dirs) Misfortunes, calamities.
The factuses of mice, moles, hares, cats, &c. The brayings of
** when seeking her colt. Jay- ) umm adrs, A mole.
*{}. adr, (pl. of & 29 dirt or dare) Coats of mail, cui
* of iron, leather, &c. Women's shifts.
A. t iddirt, (v11.1 of &y) Putting on a cuirass or a shift.
43 _2)
A cys' adrk, (pl. of 350e darakat or darkat) Shields made
of strong leather. Wickets or small doors in great gates.
A J- idrkz, Name of a hard and bitter root.
*J-39- idrks, Froth of the sea.
a -3ye adrak, (pl. of 99 dark) Punishments. Lowest
pits of hell. Lower parts of ropes used in drawing water. Parts
of the earth. Idrk, (iv of -s) Overtaking, attaining. Ar
riving at manhood. Coming to maturity. Comprehension, un
derstanding, perception, intelligence, intellect, capacity, genius.
A599) iddirak, (v11.1 of 99) Overtaking.
A 43-le ~$99 idrkt-i-sadikah, True, just conceptions.
P cy- adrm (or 93 azram), A packing-needle.
A. fjel idrm, (1v of eye) Changing his teeth (a young
camel).
A 3,9] adarat or udrat, The rupture. A swelled testicle.
A 3-9- adrujjat, The step of a ladder.
P Ut-jet adarakhish, Lightning.
A eye adrad, Toothless, or one whose teeth are worn to the
stumps. Name of an Arabian legion.
P z adarshakh, A pickle.
A 82 adrat, (An animal) having a black head and white
body. (A sheep) having a white breast and black thighs. (A
night) when the moon does not appear till near sun-rise. Adrut,
(pl. of & J dirt and dark) Coats of mail. -
P ej adaran, The itch, the scab.
P 99 adark, A swinging cot or bed; a swing for children.
t
Adrak, (s STT3B5) Moist ginger. Idrik, A small plum.
p ve adram (or ve adram), A saddle-cloth. A sword, a
knife. A large needle.
A eye adram, Fleshy on the arms, ancles, thighs, &c. Ancles
or wrists so covered with flesh, that no part of the legs or arms
appears more prominent than another. Toothless (camel). A
species of red-leafed herb.
r Js99) adram-kash, A cobbler's awl, a packing-needle.
P &sje adramah, A saddle-cloth made of coarse wool.
A Je idrinfak, (III of Gye Q) Walking quickly.
P <f adarang, Grief, sorrow. A heavy calamity.
A &je Adranah, Adrianople.
A ey- adrawn, A manger, a crib, a stall.
P 3,9] udrah, The crest of a helmet.
A cs' idrihmm, (1v of *** Q) Being aged.
A JJ' Idris, The Arabian name for t:-- Enoch the pro
phet (Genesis v. 21). This name is derived from Lj9, which
signifies study or meditation. The Arabians say that God sent
thirty volumes to this antediluvian prophet, containing the se
crets of the most occult sciences; in consequence of which, the
books of Enoch have long enjoyed great reputation in the East.
The prophecy of Enoch is mentioned by the apostle Jude in his
epistle; and the Ethiopians have long alleged that it was still
G 2

82
preserved, with his other books, in their language. M. du
Pieresc made every effort to procure it, in the reign of Francis I.
but in vain; and the learned have in general doubted of its ex
istence, till lately that the ingenious and enterprising traveller
Mr. Bruce has discovered the prophecy, during his residence in
Abyssinia; several copies of which he has brought to Europe.
The Muhammadans attribute to Enoch the inventions of writing,
of the needle, of astronomy, of arithmetic, and particularly of
geomancy, or the art of fortune-telling by figures. The eastern
Christians say that Enoch is the same with the Hermes, Mercury,
or Trismegistus of the Egyptians. U-4Je) 3' aba idris, Mem
brum virile.
F & 3- C-99 Idris-khanah, (Enoch's house) Heaven.
a Jy adriyun, Name of a flower.
rvel adas, Name of a grain.
AJ-2 adsak, Having a large mouth.
A 2-3" adsam, Ash-coloured.
A U-2) idea, (1v of ce) Causing one to be adopted as a son.
Ace' iddie, (v111 of 32.9) Demanding one's right, assuming,
boasting (of family, courage, &c.); pretension, presumption,
arrogance. Inviting, calling to, ordering to be brought. Wish
ing, desiring earnestly. Asking a blessing. Avowal.
a c-lee) adis, (pl. of e-co dats) The beginnings of dis
eases. Hatreds.
A Jelee adis, (pl of Laco dies, or dats) Hillocks or heaps
of sand. Ideas, (1v of Jace) Killing a person (heat).
A eleo iddizm, (v111 of ***) Leaning on a prop.
a ce adab, Foolish.
A ** adcaj, Black (man).
AJee adcar, Emitting no fire (a chafing-dish, &c.).
A 5,29 udaitcat, (or &ce udaiyat) An enigma, a riddle, any
thing that one strives hard to know.
A\col adaiy, (pl. of Usee datiy) Adopted. Bastards.
A 3.23 adaiyat, (pl. of \ce dut) Salutations, congratulations,
compliments, wishes, prayers. Invitations. Blessings.
A J) adghal, (pl. of Je daghal) Vices, corruptions.
Thick forests, trees, or luxuriant herbage, where the branches
and fibres are interwoven and intangled. Ambushes. Impos
tors, scoundrels, pickpockets, adulterers or falsifiers of coin, &c.
Idghl, (1v of Je) Lying in ambush, deceiving. Laying an
information. Marring, spoiling. Producing trees thickly en
tangled together (the earth).
a elio idgham, (1v of **) Making black in the face. Ens
feebling or benumbing (heator cold). Swallowing food not mas
ticated, eating in a hurry. Putting the bit in a horse's mouth.
Inserting one letter into another.
A. Fo iddigham, (VIII of **) Bridling a horse. Contract
ing two letters into one.
PA adghar, A summer-house.
pAc) adghar, A vent-hole.
44 J>)
A *** adgham, (Horse or sheep) having the head and lip,
black. One who speaks through his nose.
r 52 adaf (orJi- adafar), A nephew by the brother.
A Ge" ad-a, (pl. of Ge di-a) Warm clothings of wool, or
camel's hair. Whatever is produced by camels, as young ones,
milk, hair, &c. Warin places in bed-chambers, where sick
people sit. Fomentations. Idfa-a, (1v of (#9) Warming.
A Ge" iddia-a, (v111 of C-) Putting on warm clothing.
Drawing near the fire. Warmth, genial heat.
A Jel adn, (pl. of cjo dafin) Covered up, buried, hid.
Unknown or latent (diseases).
A J- iddin, (v111 of eje) Running away and hiding
himself (a slave), lest he should be sold. Being choked up (a
well). Being buried.
Aji- adfar, Fetid, filthy, rusty (arms, &c.).
A ti- adfat, More or most repellent, most skilful in removing
or carrying off.
A Ge" adfak, Swift. (A camel) whose teeth project.
A Je' adfa A large tree. An eagle. Long-horned (goat).
Long-winged (bird). Long-necked (horse). Hook-beaked
(eagle).
A 3.3.) Idfiyat, Name of a mountain in Arabia.
A J- adakk, More or most subtile, slender, thin, abstruse.
A J- idkk, (1v of J dakka) Pounding, pulverizing. Al
tenuating. Speaking abstrusely. Dealing in minutiae. Di
minishing.
P &#3 adakchah, A cover, wrapper.
A ti- adkat, Wehement, keen (hunger).
a .33) adkam, Having three teeth broken.
P & adak, An island.
P 53 aduk, Pudenda.
A cl adakk, Broad-backed (horse). Bunchless (camel).
Aje iddikar, (v11.1 of S) Remembering. Taking advice.
A. ee adkan, Inclining to black. Strewed with herbs (meat).
r;3 adgar, Measure. Comparison. Conjecture.
Je" adala, (fut. of Jes ya-dilu) The wound healed.
A J idl, A pain in the neck. Milk thick and sourish (proper
for making butter). Anything which gives rise to quarrels.
AS3) idl, (1v of J2) Throwing, sending, or letting down,
dropping. Drawing (water, &c.). Laxus pendens (penis).
Forming an intimate alliance. Offering a bribe to a judge.
Pleading in a court of justice. Speaking evil of another
A z- idlaj, (1v of g) Departing at night-fall.
- A z iddilaj, (v11.1 orge) Travelling during the last watch
of the night.
A. v- adlas, (pl. of Je dalas) Darknesses. Grass grow
ing at the end of summer. Ideas, (1v of U-9) Finding such
grass. -
A 9) idlt, (1v of tle) Lolling the tongue.
 S)
)
45
A-53) idlif, (1v of -ie) Speaking harshly.
* 33 idlk, (iv of Gle) Drawing a sword.
A Cle idlal, (iv of Jo dalla) Giving proof, or argument.
speaking fair, coaxing. Looking askance as lovers. Confiding.
Being mangy (a wolf). Hostility, inroad, incursion.
A J. adillat, (pl. of Je dalil) Arguments, reasons, proofs,
evidences, indications. ***", &J Clear proofs. &c.*P* &Je)
Legal, judicial proofs; evidences before a court of justice.
A L23 adlas, (An ass) getting a new coat. Bald. (A camel)
having lost its hair.
A J adlakiy, (8-3) or J'), Penis crassus et longus.
a jo adlam, Swarthy, (man or ass). Dusky. A lion.
A idlimam, (1x of) Blackness. Hanging (as the lip).
A idlihman, (1v of *** q) Being very dark.
A J adli, (pl. of 39 dalw) Buckets, urns, tankards.
Ms idlila, (x11 of J2) Going quickly. Being covered.
A idlimam, (x1 of Co) Being very dark (the night).
A adam, Brown, dusky, tawny, mulatto. Adam, the fa
ther of the human race. AJ' ( s bani-adam, The sons of
Adam, i.e. mankind. J) ci The second Adam, i. e. Noah.
A servant, a messenger. White and at the same time hairy
(camel). Having the pupils of the eyes varied, black and white.
(A white deer) marked with stripes of an ash colour.
A adm, (from **) Adding one thing to another (as bread
to meat, &c.); uniting in love or friendship. Conjunction, con
cord, consent, familiarity. Necessity. Udm, An example, a
model, a chief, a leader. (pl. of Vice adm), Brown. White
with ash-coloured stripes. Adam, Man, mankind, Adam and
his posterity. A human foetus completely formed. A tomb.
A kind of date. Names of several places in Arabia, and often, by
the poets, put for Yaman or Arabia Felix itself. (pl. of *-
adim), Surfaces of the earth. Dressed skins (of goats, &c.).
it.
Udum, (pl. of ld idim, and adm) Meats, seasonings,
Pickles. Dressed skins (of goats). Surfaces of the earth.
p adam, A ruby.
Ake adm, (fem. of *37 adam) Brown.
A\so idma, (1v of J-9) Striking till the blood flows.
****) adamt, (pl. of3" adamat, q.v.) Skins.
A g idmaj, (iv of ***) Wrapping one's self in a gar
ment. Being veiled. Strengthening. Being slender in the body.
**** iddimaj, (v11.1 of ***) Being mixed together.
A Je idmk, (iv of G-ce) Introducing suddenly. Inserting.
A Je idml, (iv of Je) Cicatrizing a wound.
A Udmm, Name of a town.
"Jidamn, Men.
Ae idmn, (iv of gree) Exercise, continual practice.
A Je udmn, (A buck or doe) of a white colour. Adamn,
The corruption of the palm-tree. Name of a tree in Paradise.
*Ps dam-pir, The creator of man, i.e. God.
22)
a & T dimat, (pl. of ** adim) Meats, seasonings. Sur
faces of the ground. Skins.
A ce" adamat, The skin, the thin skin, cuticle, or membrane,
which covers the flesh, intestines, &c. Conjunction, or that
which causes it, that which passes between, and unites two
bodies; union, mixture, propinquity, affinity. Necessity. A
chief, a general, a leader, a model, an exemplar, a pattern.
Udmat, Brownness, duskiness. Being imbued or tinged with
a brown colour. A clear shining white (in camels). White
mixed with black, or any other colour (in deer). A gift.
r_5- *37 adam-khur, A man-eater, a cannibal.
p J--: f dam-shinas, Knowing mankind.
A U-ve admas, Having eye-brows thin at the extremities.
...A ss admut, (pl. of S-c dama) Tears.
A &ce admighat, (pl. of &\ce dimgh) Brains.
rcs' adam-gari, Humanity. Benevolence. Valour.
P er) adman, Pure, fragrant (musk).
A --> udmus, A place under the ashes, where they bake
bread.
A. Jse admits, Dark (night).
A. Js damy, Human. A man. Brown, dusky.
A J.-e) Udma', Name of a place in Arabia.
p Js adamiyn (or jus-37 adami-zd), Men, mortals.
****- adamiynah, Humanly, like a man.
A --~~" adamiyat, Humanity.
A eye adann, Crook-backed (man). Short-necked. Dwarf
ish (plant). Sweeping the ground (bellies of animals). Short
in the fore-feet (horse). Hollow in the middle of the floor (a
chamber).
A We' adn, Nearer. Lower. Last. Least. Basest, vilest,
j Ge" Before all things, above all. P Jjo Mean, of low
condition. A Idn, (1v of 533) Bringing near. Being near her
time (a camel). Living on spare diet.
A t adna-a, Crooked, hump-backed.
A Velidn-a, (1v of us) Perpetrating enormities. Being
hump-backed.
A. J-99) adns, Dirty (fellows), nasty (rascals), sorry (dogs).
* 99) idi, (iv of ie) Suffering from severe and co.
tinued illness. Going down (as the sun). Approaching.
Putting in pain.
r x- adand, How See J 33 adank.
r & Kel adunk, How At what rate 2 An uncertain, unknown
number, conjectural computation. One truss, hamper, &c. One
half of a horse's load, as much as a beast carries upon one side.
One side of a piece of money.
A je adna', Lower, lowest.
A Je Adaniyn, Name of two wallies.
A \,\ idw, (from le") Ripening, coming to maturity.
A\,e idw, (iv of us;*) Afflicting with disease.
A *\,e) adw-a, (pl. of "3 da-a) Diseases.
| WS)

A -s ada, Exact, punctual in ones payments.

A fe) ady, Apparatus, (especially of a military kind). Lit
tle (flock or wealth). Ample (garment). Udy, Becoming
thick (as milk).
A -se Adda' and Udda', Proper names of men.

A_\e) adyr, (pl. of 23 dayr) Monasteries. Churches.

A "se adyak, (pl. of - dik) Cocks, chanticleers.

A ce adyan (pl. of ce din) Religious rites or ceremonies.

P c- adyan (or ex- adyn), Fat cattle (in motion).

A J- iddiyn, (v111 of ce) Running in debt.

A 3' adub, Courteous, well-bred. Learned; a tutor.

A &e" adzyat, A little.

r s adicharah, The inverted thorn.

P &e adid, Consequence, sequel. A spring of water.
A Me" adid, Clamour, noise. Adverse fortune.
ru- adsh, Fire.
A ** adm, Goat's leather, perfumed, which they bring from
Arabia Felix. Bread when eaten or baked with meat. Name

of one of the companions of Muhammad, also of several places.

The surface of the earth. V-" ** The expanse of heaven.
y-" -- The diffusion of light or day. Je re The half

way between sun-rise and mid-day. Udayn, Name of a country.

P ** adim, The face.
a &e Udaymat, Name of a mountain.
A eft- adyun, (pl. of ce dayn) Debts.
P 3Al adindah, The rainbow.
r &e adnah, Friday.
P e:- adyun, A rapacious animal.
A 3' x, When (in a past sense). Indeed. If, if so be. For
asmuch as. Already. Behold! lo! 23) isin (.3-> hinayizin
or "3" isska), Then, at that time. 23.9 yawnayizin, On
that day. .** daylatayisin, On that night. V. 3 iz-m, When,
if at any time.
A 3' ass, Amputation, cutting off.
A 'S' asi (-5." isa' or $3. azat), Trouble, damage, loss, in
jury, tyranny, oppression. A source of vexation.
A 'S' is, When (in the future sense). Behold.
A TS, is-ab, (1v of 3) Being terrified (by a wolf).
A 'S isabat, (1v of S) Liquefaction. Augmentation
Invading, plundering. Melted butter.
AA-3' Asakhir, Name of a pass between Mecca and Madina.
A se!..." isdat, (1v of *S) Helping to drive camels.
A J33 azzil, (pl. of J&S zulzul) The lower parts or skirts

of shirts or other garments. -

A 'S' Azr, (or,37 Msar) The Chaldean or Syro-Macedonian

month of March. This must not be confounded with another
month called 937 Azar, which is the last month of autumn in the
Persian calendar.
P c' acaryun, Foam of the sea.
 *

_3)
y i,j asrki, The seed of a poisonous Indian plant.
"Js Azrtis (or J-4937 Azarts) A proper name.
a -213 iseat, (iv of **) Publishing, divulging. Drain
ing, exhausting. "Squandering, lavishing.
A-33) ur. The ear. Membrum genitale maris. Ends.
A33) islikat, (iv of J) Giving one to drink or taste.
A J3 islat, (iv of J) Letting down a veil. Abusing,
over-working a slave or a horse.
AJ3 sillat, (iv of J3 zalla) Contempt. Depression.
A 13) is-m, (iv of *3) Forcing, compelling.
A JST azn, (pl. of J usn or usun) Ears, lobes of the ears.
Handles. Many names of herbs are compounded with this
word; as, -} e' (Hare's ears), Bupleurum.
s (Kid's ears), Ribwort. -2" JST (Bear's ears),
Mulim. s." JST (Sheep's ears) Hound's tongue. **!) e'Si
(Slave's ears), Shepherd's staff. Jj JST (Doe's ears):
Hound's tongue. J!" e/37 (Mouse's ears), Chickweed. e'
J (Elephant's ears), The Egyptian bean. u- J'S'
(Presbyter's ears) or us) JST (Judge's ears) Venus's
navel-wort.
AeS asin or aszn, (from es) Signifying55 announcing,
giving notice; the signal for summoning to prayers, by the
Muazzin or crier, from the minarets or towers of the mosques.
A J'S uzniy, Large-eared (applied to men).
A-3 asabb, A wild bull. Long. A long tooth projecting
from the side of a camel's mouth.
A t izzibah, (v111 of t) Preparing a sheep for sacrifice.
A Jlitbl, (iv of J.3) Causing to wither. Debilitating.
A&S azibbat, (pl. of &u subbat) Balances of debts.
p <3 Uzbak, Usback Tartar.
a J-3 azhl, (pl. of J-3 zahl) Enmities, hatreds. Retalia
tions, desires of revenge.
A.A-3) azkhr, (pl. of A-3 zukr.) Provisions or treasures accu
mved for future use. 1:khar, (1v of A-3) Laying up in store.
Aj iskhir, The bog-rush.
ry' zar (sometimes written asur), Fire. Name of the
"g" or demon who presides over fire, the god of the worship
Persoffire. Name of Abraham's father. Thunder rolling with
a dreadful noise. Lightning. A cobbler's awl. The ninth solar
"uth, when the sun is in Sagittarius. Name of the last lunar
"*"outh. The name of the ninth day in any month, but Confused, dispersed. Difficult. Trouble, vexation, misfortune.
*"larly in the 4th month Tir-mh, exus .37 (The calamity, ruin, slaughter, murder.
glorious fire), Name of a female magician. P 937 azar-gun
(or s *ar-yn), Flame-coloured, fiery-red, bright.
N s icr, (1v of **) Blowing. Winnowing. Sifting.
sng and unhorsing a cavalier. Shedding tears.
(pl. of c,3 zurab), Foul stomachs, Izrb, (iv of ~9)
Whetting. Nauseating medecine.
fell sar-bd (or Js Azar-ibd-gn), Name
of a fire temple in Tabrz; also the ancient name of Tabriz itself.
P escs' azar-bd-gun, A stove. A smith's forge.
A &WS) izrt, (iv of &S) Embracing. Measuring. Wish
ing for. Bringing forth (the wild cow). Talkativeness.
Aj azar-afroz, An eolipile. A phoenix.
AJ.9% izrak, (1v of Jy) Producing the lote plant.
pe-Tj Asar-yn, Name of the fourth temple of the seven
which the ancient Persians named after the seven planets.
P s Msar-bd, Name of a priest of the Magi.
P esilisar-bd-gn (or e Azar-by-gn), Name
J'S
of a fire temple in Tabrz; also Tabriz itself.
P Jy' Azar-barsin, Name of the sixth fire-temple (in
Persia) of those named after the seven planets.
r f asar-bii, Name of a red and yellow flower; also its root.
P Asar-i-bahrm, Name of the third fire-temple.
P Jl Azar-bijan (The region of fire), A province of
Persia, which corresponds nearly with the ancient Media, though
it comprehends also a part of Syria and Armenia Major. It
was here, according to Oriental tradition, that Kayumaras, the
great-grandson of Noah, established the first dynasty of the Per
sian kings; it being near Ararat, or the Gordian mountains,
where the ark is supposed to have rested after the flood.
P --> J&T azar-parast, A fire-worshipper.
e Vje izar-pira, One who attends on a fire-temple.
A 5,3 asirrat, (pl. of 5);LS zarurat) Reeds of an aromatic
kind, infused in the water with which they sprinkle dead bodies.
P Ls asartush, A salamander.
A c Asruh, Name of a town in Syria.
*_\,-37 Azar-khurdar (or ee>,37 Asar-khurdd) Name
of a priest of the Magi; also of the angel who presides over fire.
P e-A/S, Asar-khurin, Name of the fifth fire-temple, called
after the seven planets by the ancient Persians.
p Ji azarakhsh (for Ls azar-rakhsh), Thunder, a
thunder-bolt, thunder-stone. Name of the ninth day of the
month Azar.
r 3937 sirkhusha, Intense cold fatal to man and beast.
Lightning.
P <&J&T asar-rang, Bright, shining, red, flame-coloured.
* <s Asar-sardahasht, Name of the eighth fire
temple.
* L:937 asaras, A salamander.
-' Asarshab (or ~~~n937 Asar-gushasp), Name
p

Ay agr*-a, Grey about the forehead.

with a black body and dappled ears. (A horse or a goat) of the angel or demon of fire. Fire, flame, lightning. A tem
A ple of the Magi or worshippers of fire. Name of one of the tem
~y azrb, (pl. of 03 zarab) Obscene conversations.
Ples in the city of Balkh, destroyed by Alexander. Asalamander,
 48 c
cuous, or witty. Izka, (1v of J) Making the fire burn, or the
lamp shine more clearly. Sending forth spies.
A_\S askr, (pl. of 3 zikr) Praises of God, continual
prayers, or a repetition of the names and attributes of the Su
preme Being. Izkr, (iv of S) Calling to remembrance.
? Praising. Bringing forth a male child.
A_\S' i::ikar, (v11.1 of S) Recalling to one's memory what
had been long forgotten.
AAS askar, More or most acute, or sharp.
...A us aska, More or most acute, ingenious, quick.
A USS' azkiya, (pl. of J zakiy) Acute, ingenious, witty.
A. J3 asall, Most vile, abject, submissive.

A 3) asilla (or 33 asillat), (pl. of J.J. salil) Abject, vile,

mean, contemptible, slavish, wretched, miserable.
A J.S. islak, (1 v of JS) Disturbing, troubling. Pouring
water into the hole of a lizard.
a J.3' islal, (1v of J zalla) Associating with base people.
Contempt, depression. Dishonour. Mode, manner, condition.
a ---.S. izliebab, (1v of - 9) Walking fast.
A 'S' asa, Small-nosed; ape-nosed.
A&S aslak, Pointed (spear). Eloquent.
A $.3' islit (x11 of J) Clandestine flight. Submission.
A U-3 is-m, When. "
Ajss' azmar, (pl. of 2.3 zimr) Intrepid men. Protectors.
A S isman, (1v of S zamma) Becoming vile and con
temptible. Discovering any one to be so. Committing an act
fraught with turpitude. Receiving under one's protection.
Lagging behind from fatigue.
A&S.) azimmat, (pl. of zimm) Safeguards. Rights,
dues. -

A JST azan, Long-eared (animal). Azin, One who sings

while he reads or recites the Kurn. A porter. A chamberlain.
ht A es azina, (fut. e.S Ja-canu) He listened. He knew,
AeS asn, (from es") Perceiving, knowing, being sure.
f Aes izn, (from JS) Permitting ; leave, licence, dismissal.
AJS uzn, The ear, the tip of the ear. A handle. e."
--" The wings of an arrow. Ar) e." (Ear of the slave)
The water-plantain.
e." azan, (pl. of 33 asanat) Blades of corn. Small camels
A

or sheep. (from e') Listening, attending to, obeying.

J azin (for es zin), Chanting the Kurn. Listening,
A

hearing, knowing. A porter. A chamberlain.

A e." izan, Well, very well. Come on. Surely, verily.
A es usun, The ear. Name of a mountain. J *
Name of an Arabian tribe.
A es azann, Snotty, snivelly.
A 33' azn, (fem, of es azan) Long-eared (animal).
A -u, aznb, (pl. of 3 zanab) Tails, rumps, poste
riors. J -US Horse-tail (a plant). Iznb, (1v of 9)
i Committing a crime,

A casn, (pl. of & 3) acnat, q.v.). Asylums, moun
tains, where the same jurisdiction extends for twenty miles.
A&S asnibat, (pl. of-5 zanab) Tails (of quadrupeds).
A&S asanat, A leaf or blade of corn. The small kind of
the camel species; also of sheep, &c. (Meat) agreeable to the
palate, exciting an appetite. Adana, a city of Cilicia near
Tarsus, Name of a mountain near Mecca. Uzanat, One who
hoards, or treasures up any thing. Uzunat, One who lends an ear.
A !" asica, (pl.of,3 z) Kings of Arabia Felix, whose names
all begin with 39 il. Izw, (1v of 5,9) Causing to wither.
A- i:wab, (or &;3 izwabat) Thick milk, cream.
As azicd, (pl. of ** zawd)Troops of camels from 3 to 10.
AS asst, (pl. of ls zaietal) Spiders with yellow backs.
A3. azwk, (pl. of J sawk) Tastes, flavours.
A53 az-ub, (pl. of ~~~ zi-b) Wolves, wild dogs.
A axicat, (A man) short in the chin.
A *: Isin, Idumea.
regel azun, Thus, in this manner.
Ae." Azn, Name of a place near * Ray.
A-s ashab, (pl. of s zahab) Particles of gold. Izhb,
(1v of -*) Going, ordering or permitting to go. Gilding.
*Jishi, (iv of JSS) Causing to forget.
Ae azhn, (pl of es zihn) Geniuses. Memories.
A Jl azi, Vexed, hurt, offended, injured. A wave of the sea.
$ A s: aziya', (fut. ..s ya-ka') He received damage.
,
#! A aca', Injury, harm, annoyance.
A. s' azi, Injured, vexed, hurt, offended. (A camel) un
tractable, skittish, restless, impatient.
A t asykh, (pl. of t zikh) Male hyenas (especially
when very hairy). Wolves. Jades, sorry nags. Certain red
dish stars. Prides.
A.J." a:yl, (pl. of J.' zay!) Skirts, tails, ends, borders of
a garment. The lower parts of any thing. Appendices. The
long tails of animals (as of lions, oxen, &c.). The meanest
of men, Tracks made in the sand by the skirts of long garments.
A&3' a:'yat, (fem. of s axi) Skittish, restless, untractable.
As-S asiyat, Injury, damage, hurt, wrong, loss. A source
of vexation. P ey's ~3 Oppressors, tyrants, workers of evil.
p Jl ssh, A door-sill. Chips, shavings, rubbish. Fire.
"J'' isin, Custom, common usage, institution, rite, cere
mony. A solemnity, or festival, at the beginning of the year, or
the public entry of any prince ; on which occasions the cities of
"eria are decorated with temporary buildings, adorned with
"t boughs, &c. A kind of building erected in the Persian
cities fr music, &c. on such triumphal festivals. A churn.
A c- sin, A crier. Summons to prayer. The place to
""" such summons extends (as a street, or a parish). A gene
*
*', a leader, an exemplar. A prop, a support. A sponsor, a
"... Permission. Name of a man.
*c usayn (or 3-3 usaynat), (dim, of es uzn) A little
49 \\
handle or ear. A slight perception, a little knowledge. Name
of a king of the Amalekites; also of a valley.
P <3 'axinah, Friday.
A r (or A biyr), (imperative of J" awardan) Bring
thou. (in comp.) Bringing; a bringer. J) ar without madda,
when added to the third pers. sing. pret. of certain verbs forms
abstract nouns, asj, raftr, Going, gait, walking, from G-3)
raft, He went, as gutir, Speech, from -gut, He said.
r) (for 3" agar), If. A saw. The dregs of oil.
(17
AJ) arr, Kindling, lighting fire. Resounding, shouting in
triumph. Compulsion, impulsion. Throwing off clothes, ar
mour, or a slough. Coitus. Ramus spinae qui allisus sepius ad
terram, donec emollescant extrema, deinde, aqua et friato sale
conspersus, inseritur in matricem camelae, ad excitandum cu
pidinem genitalis congressus. Irr, Fire.
r 97 r (in comp. from J-W rstan) Embellishing,
adorning ; an ornament. V J Gracing the banquet.
J- (or yi **), Adorning the world, ornament of the
universe, the most noble, excellent, eminent, renowned.
ATA ar-, (pl. of ra-y) Opinions, counsels, doctrines.
A < *) ird-at, (1v of 59) Showing, exhibiting. Having a
swollen udder (a sheep). P J *> y .**) To show the face.
A. 97 rb(and -U) ar-b),(pl.of ~) irb) The members,
hands, feet, &c. ~!" *- J- 2,3- Adoration on seven
members, a mode of worship customary among the Muhamma
dans, the hands, knees, feet, and forehead, touching the ground.
A -) Arab, Irab or Urb, Name of a place, and of a well.
A &\) arbat, (from ) Acumen, intellect, industry, skill.
A &!, irabat, (1v of c-p) Doubt, suspicion. Scepticism.
P J--9) arb-ch2 (or J&V) arbah-kash), A carter.
A &\}) arbah (for r tarabah), A wheel. A waggon.
A <-) irs, Fire. Fuel.
A zy arraj, A liar, a tale-bearer, a sower of discord.
J-9) arjil, (pl. of Jy rajil and rajul) Foot-men. Men.
A
A t-) arjih, Deserts, plains. The swinging motion of
camels when they travel with a short step.
Aj-9) arjz, (pl. of Sj arjsat) Poems consisting of
verses called jy rajas, where the cesura is six times repeated.
A -) arji, (pl. of s irjf) False rumours. Tu
mults.
A ---, irhat, (1v of cy) Giving rest. Bringing cattle
home in the evening. Paying a debt. Breathing. Smelling.
Exhaling an agreeable odour. Taking the air. Being re
freshed. Dying. Entering.
A t) irkh, A wild ox. A deer.
A 3.3-9) arkhina, (pl. of e) arkhn) Princes, archons.
re arakhidan, (for e-j rmidan) To rest.
rej Ard, Name of an angel presiding over the twenty
fifth day of each month; also the twenty-fifth day ofeach month.
H
50 \\
make tooth-pickers, &c. A piece of ground. Name of a place
in Memra, on Mount Arafat, near Mecca. Name of a mountain
and district of land belonging to the tribe of Hudayl.
a $9 ark ('Anza) A kind of nut, which, when chewed
with betel-leaves and fine lime, strengthens the stomach, and
gives an agreeable flavour to the breath.
A JV) araki, (pl. of ~9) arikat) (She camels) having the

belly-ache from eating too much of the tree ark.

~% arkib, (pl. of % rakab) Pubes muliebris.
A

&9) arkiyat, Camels which feed on the tree ") ark.

A.

e arkn, (pl. ofe rukn) Columns, chief personages.

A

P ) arm, Rest, tranquillity, peace, quiet, repose, cessation,

inaction. Sleep, a dream. An easy private life. Health.
Obedience, subjection. A garden. A town. A dwelling
place. re; Restless, uneasy. *W J Giving tranquility
to the mind. es- ' To give rest, pacify, make easy, calm.
e-r' To take rest. To be patient.
A 97 arm, (pl. of ) irm or iram) Stones erected in the
desert for the direction of travellers. Pleasant gardens. The
place where the different parts of the forehead meet. White
deer. Name of two mountains, one of which lies between
Mecca and Madina.
A *L) ar-am, (pl. of ri-m) White deer. Ir-am, (1v of )
Rendering inclined, moving the affections. Disgusting. Re
pairing (a vase). Closing up (a wound). Tending upon the
sick.
A ) Arm, A proper name. Gen. xxii. 21. Name of a
mountain and of a well on the confines of Syria.
P e armnidan, To cause to be quiet, to set at rest.

* >* arm-banu, (The calm princess) A proper name.

P J KVT rm-ban, A garden within a city.
p e armdan, To rest, repose.
P --~~ f arm-dost, Loving ease; indolent.
P U-ji aramish, Quiet, repose, rest.
P su. *W Arm-shh, (King of peace) Name of a Mogul
emperor.
r 1, \ arm-talab, Seeking ease; idle, slothful.
Pjy" arm-kr, A lazy person, one who does not work
unless asked or ordered, one who does a thing slowly and de
liberately
%
; tedious,- patient,%indifferent,
- - - r - -
sedate. A sluggard.
P s rm-gh (or <<\ arm-gah), A place of rest, a

calm, peaceable, secure dwelling. A bed-chamber. U-59A

s (Resting in Paradise) An epithet of Muhammad Shh.
A J aramil, (or <!--9) armilat) (pl. of J) armal)
Widowed. Unmarried. Distressed, poor, in want of victuals.
Barren (years) in want of rain, producing little. The poor.
(pl. of &:) armulat) Pieces of the thorny plant **
tarfaj.
c xy) armn, (Aviuan.) The anemone.
P J rmi, Peace, calmness, repose, tranquillity.
P &J' armd, He rested. Returning thanks.
 51
p J rmidan, To rest, to repose, to cease, to desist,
to settle, to sleep. To cause to revolve.
r f irmidah, Quieted, calmed.
+2)
or pained (in the stomach). Impatient, Aching. Desert, de
solate. Urab, (pl. of &J) urbat) Knots. Necessary affairs.
A irb, (1v of y) Taking interest; usury.

re)" Arn, Name of a city. A cubit. The elbow. A -y arbb, (pl. of ry rabb) Lords, masters, possessors.
P .--"J) Superiors, conquerors. J-J.--J) Judicious,
Ae) irn, (from ey) Liveliness, joy, vivacity. (111 of
w) Exulting. Longing for the cow (a bull). Boasting. A discerning, prudent. J ..-9, Pensioners. s- .*-*)
bier. The den of a wild beast. A sword. e) su: A bull. ex~ Possessed of dignity and power. e- ~9) Sage, in
A e) Arran, Name of a small district, by some comprehend telligent. e':- 2-9) Counsellors, c- 2-9) Eloquent
edin Armenia, by others made a distinct province, between orators. 3 .--"J) Devout, observers of religious precepts.
Azarbijn (Media) and Grjistn (Georgia). Name of a e s- .--J) Endowed with purity, of a contemplative and
castle in Parthia. (for J- Harrn) Name of a town in Me holy life. ~ +] Artificers, artisans. , J is -)
sopotamia. Acts vii. P. Privet. Urrn, Abier. J 2 -\s _5 Ji Persons of merit and learning.
A -) arnib, (pl. of -) arnab) Hares. Je .*-*) Grandees, eminent men. Je ,-4) Spiritual
A &y' irnat, (iv of cy) Losing many sheep by a murrain.
persons. << 2-9) Most clement lords. Al- .**)
Dancers and singers & 2-99) High-minded, liberal (per
A 3) urn, A kind of grain put into milk to make it curdle.
sons). Irbb, (1v of c, rabba) Propinquity. Remaining in
Ai, arniyat, (A tree) having a tall trunk.
one place. Keeping close to the male (a she-camel).
r x) arawind, Grief, regret. Desire, wish. Attention, A z irbaj, (Iv of g, Begetting dwarfish children.
vigilance. The Tigris. Splendour, pomp, grandeur. Name A. c irbah, (1v of ty) Paying interest. Killing a young
of a mountain in Hamadn.
A arwy, (pl. of &2) uriciyat) Mountain-goats. camel to provide an entertainment for one's guests.
A irbkh, (1v of ty) Purchasing a female slave who is

r j rh, Mastic. subject to fainting fits.

Aks) arhit (or lars) arhit), (pl. of las, raht) Any num A Suj irbz, (1v of 32) Amputating. Making a scourge.
ber of men below ten living together without women. Enemies. A U.S. Airbsh, (iv of Jy) Budding and sending forth a
Great pieces, mouthfuls. Garments of leather, reaching from grateful smell (a tree).
the haunches to the knees, cut into thongs for ease in walking. A JAS) arbz, (pl. of J&J rabs or rabaz) Fortifications,
rl ary, Adorn thou. (in comp.) Adorning. walls of a city. The suburbs. Wives. Domestics. Intestines.
pw aryanidan, To cause to adorn. Houses or places where the people reside. Folds (for cattle).
ru-ji ryish, Ornament, embellishment. Preparation. Riches. Ropes for fastening camels saddles or burthens. Por
Equipage. Custom, law, institute. A note in music. J tions of milk, each sufficient for one meal. Irbz, (1v of J&J)
**); Name of a note in music. A mole on the face. J Folding (sheep). Furnishing with necessaries. Shining in his
J% To adorn. J-s UAW The ornament of the assembly. full strength (the sun).
A-9) aryik (pl. of t ark) Certain trees on which A s arbt, (pl. of S-9 rab) Houses, mansions, (particu
they feed camels, (pl. of &J' arikat) Thrones. larly for the spring-season). (Men) of middle stature. Coffins.
As Uryin, Name of a small stream. Biers. (pl. of 89 rube) Fourth parts. (pl. of s y rubat)
g * Ai ryindah, Ornamenting. An ornamenter. Camels' colts dropped in the spring. Irbt, (iv of 8) Having
PJ rydan (or ve25 J), To adorn. camels which drink on the fourth day. Being four in number.
p **) ryidah, Ornamented. Visiting on the fourth day. Attacking (as a quartan fever).
#A ~) araba, (fut. ~% ya-ribu) He tied a knot. Suffering from a quartan fever. Allowing a camel to drink his
+A ~ ariba, (fut. ~". ya-ribu) He had need. fill. Frequently repeating any act. Running to and fro. Not
A - arb, The fore-finger, index. Irb, Skill, knowledge, conceiving (a camel). Pasturing in the spring. Entering upon
industry, prudence, sagacity, wisdom. Wickedness, dishonesty, the vernal season. Dwelling in a spring-habitation. Begetting
disingenuousness, fallacy, perfidy. A member, limb. Membrum children in the prime of life. Breeding the teeth called &=\,.
genitale, pudendum. Urb, The small-sized young of any ani A **) irbagh, (1v of $49) Letting camels drink their fill.
Arab (from ~)), Indigence,
mal, being of the first birth. A Ju) arbk, (pl. of &J ribkat) Halters.
want necessity, asking or searching for any thing necessary. A J) irbal, (1v of Jy) Jealousy. Resembling a lion.
Attempt, enterprize. Skill, knowledge, intellect. Shrewdness. A e) urbn (for e\,-), Arabians. Earnest-money.
Adversity. Languor. Arib or rib, Industrious, expert, skilled, A &_ irbat, Want, indigence. Any thing wanted. *A*S
*gacious, sly, cunning, shrewd, wise, intelligent. Adverse (for Labouring in mind, deficient in common sense.
"ne). Enervated. Amputated (hand). Corrupted. Aftected a &J) urbat, A knot. Any thing necessary to be done, indis
H 2
 ~)
A 3.7 Aral, Name of a lofty mountain in Tihmah.
A 3) irat, A fire-place, a chimney. Fire, heat. Dried flesh.
Meat steeped in vinegar.
P 07 rat, A cubit. The elbow, the tip of the elbow.
Se.
A cl aratt, Stammering. A stammerer.
r' art, (in anc. Pers.) A country, a kingdom.
A s irta-a, (1v of ) Smiling.
eSS. A ~9) irtb, (1v of -) Fatiguing, wearying, vexing.
A irtt, (1v of ~, ratta) Causing to stammer.

A t' irtaj, (1v or ) Shutting (a door). Being shut (a

door, the womb). Having an egg completely formed (a hen).
Being in foal (an ass). Rolling with a heavy swell (the sea).
Being very barren (a year). Abundance. Snowing continually.
A -----0) Artahasht, Artaxerxes.
A s artie, A multitude. Irta, (iv of 8-) Turning into
a good pasture. Producing abundance of grass (rain).
P J urtak, (in the dialect of Khrzam) A merchant. -
s'

* ,

A irtak, (1v of 9) Causing to run. Smiling.

A irtam, (1v of ) Tying a thread round the finger, in
order to be reminded by it of something.
A s irtiba-a, (v11.1 of 9) Keeping watch. Ascending a
watch-tower. Valuing, estimating.
A ~~) irtibas, (v11.1 of ~) Delaying. Being divided.
A J- irtibs, (v11.1 of U-9) Being mixed together. Being

any
close and compact, (a body, a bunch of grapes).
on,
of
A k-) irtibat, (v11.1 of =) Binding. A ligament, a chain,
a connexion. Friendship. The equipment of a horse for battle.
di
P w **) To form a connexion, to enter into an alliance.
lis
A s irtilie, (v111 of 8-) Growing fat on spring-grass.
Lifting up a large stone to try one's strength. Being middle
fa
sized. Running violently (a camel). -

A J irtibak, (v11.1 of Cy) Being held fast in a snare (a

doe). Being intricate and confused.
nd.
A - irtibak, (v11.1 of 9) Being mixed, confused,
thrown into the mire. Stammering. Endeavouring to get
loose from the toils of a hunter.
NaS
A J irtibal, (v11.1 of J) Being abundant (riches).
A -y urfat, The crest of a chameleon.
des
the
A z) irtitaj, (v11.1 of t)
Pronouncing with difficulty.
A J irtitik, (v11.1 of Cy) Being stitched, or closed up.
ere
A irtisa, (v11.1 of c) Being thick and somewhat acid
air

(milk). Being in a state of confusion (business). Waywardness.

A <-' irtisas, (v11.1 of cy rassa) Collecting old clothes

together. Being carried off the field of battle half-dead.

A ls irtija, (v11.1 of ;-) Hoping. Fearing.
A. z irtij a, (v11.1 of gy raija) Agitation, tremor.

Aj' irtij, (vi.11 of jy) Composing a poem with the

metre called jy rajas.
A U- irtijas, (VIII of L.-J) Being shaken. Thundering.
 ~)
A t irtij, (viii of 8-2-) Carrying back. Receiving
back, Selling (a camel). Refusing the male.
A J irtijl, (v111 of Jy) Placing any thing on its feet.
Seizing by the foot. Suspending by one or both feet. Speaking
extempore. Ambling (a horse). Taking a middle course.
Collecting a large quantity of locusts to roast. Cooking in a
large copper. Being singular in one's opinion.
A:) irtijalan, Unthinkingly, inconsiderately, extempore.
A irtijam, (VIII of **) Being heaped together.
A s irtijn, (VIII of c-) Being confused and difficult
to arrange. Not coagulating, but turning sour (milk). Accu
mulating. Abiding.
p <<} artajak, Lightning.
A J irtihs, (v111 of Ji-J) Being clothed with shame.
A Jlirtill, (viii of J-2) Emigration, departure, death.
A & artakh, Dry, parched, without moisture (skin).
.AJ' irtikhas, (v111 of Lasy) Buying cheap; cheapness.
A 'A) irtida, (viii of sey) Putting on a mantle.
A **) irtidad, (v11.1 of 9) radda) Refusing, opposing.
Apostacy, apostatizing, becoming a renegado.
A &A) irtidae, (v111 of 8-9) Abstaining. Being defiled.
.A. &A) irtidgh, (v111 of ey) Falling into the mire.
A-s) irtili, (v111 of -5) Riding behind another on
the same beast. Following. Pursuing (an enemy).
"J'si) irtidan, (v111 of ejej) Making a spindle.
A j) irtiza-a, (v11.1 of 9) Diminution, detriment, loss.
A}.j irisis, (v111 of jy razza) Sticking (as an arrow in the
mark). Being close-fisted. Stinginess.
A JF) irtisak, (v111 of J59) Receiving a stipend, or ration.
A L--/ irtisis, (viii of Jy rassa) Notoriety, celebrity.
A t-i) irtise, (viii of 8-9) Liberality towards domestics.
A * irtisam, (v11.1 of y) Painting, designing, writing.
Yielding obedience to an order. Reciting the praises of God.
A distinguishing mark, whatever is eminent or remarkable.
* *ra; Victorious, famous for victory. '- <-29; Aftec
tionate, benevolent, friendly.
A-) irtish, (viii of 33) Receiving a bribe (a judge).
Putting for stalks (a cucumber, a colocynth).
A --) irtish, (v111 of -ity) Sipping, sucking. Asking.
**) irtisad, (viii of x2) Expecting. Strength.
. A t irtistie, (v111 of 8ey) Being closely set (the teeth).
Diffusing itself over a small part of the heavens (lightning).
A irtiza, (v111 of Jy) Approval, consent, acceptance.
A tj irtizh (viii of c) Making an apology.
A tj irtisakh, (viii of t) Being pelted with stones.
a &y irtizt, (v111 of *-3) Sucking the breast.
A **) irtitan, (viii of Ab) Being troublesome, perplexing,
intricate (business). Being pressed closely together.
Ax.j irtiza, (v111 of Je) Going to pasture.
* -'s) irtisil, (viii of e-e) Being frightened. Alarm.
53 <-2.)
A z) irtie.j, (v111 of **) Being abundant (riches). Be
ing full (the bed of a river). Tremor, trepidation.
A c, irtizd, (v11.1 of Ae) Trembling, quaking with fear.
A J-l irtizs, (v11.1 of U.e.) Tremor, trepidation.
A Ll' irtiesh, (v111 of Ue) Trembling, trepidation.
A Je irtiets, (v11.1 of Lae) Twisting himself (a snake).
Being beaten (clothes). Being frisky (a kid). Being vibrated
(a lance). Flashing (lightning). Becoming dear (provisions).
Al, irtigha, (v111 of 33) Drinking the froth of milk.
A-*) irtighab, (v11.1 of e-c) Desiring, wishing, valuing.
A s irtifid, (v11.1 of 339) Acquisition, gain. -
A Jel) irtifas, (v111 of Jes) Dearness, scarcity.
A t irtifat, (v11.1 of s9) Elevation, ascent, exaltation,
height. Abstraction, carrying off. P -94. A .8%) The
height of glory and magnificence, s & 28); Castles
high as the heavens. e=A t To take the altitude (of the sun).
A J) irtiak, (v11.1 of G3) Leaning on the elbow, or on a
cushion. Being assisted. Deriving emolument.
A. irtika, (VIII of J) Addition, accession, increase,
augmentation. Advancement, promotion, ascent, exaltation.
A irtikb, (v111 of --) Expecting, observing, con
templating. Looking down from an eminence.
A J irtikash, (v11.1 of Uij) Mixing in battle.
A &\ irtikt, (v11.1 of s) Regarding, attending to.
A Jj irtikn, (VIII of eft) Being dyed with saffron.
p Artak, Name of a mountain in Turkistan. A quilted
horse-cloth.
A j irtika, (v11.1 of%9) Confidence, trust, dependance.
A ~&M irtikb, (v111 of ~9) Mounting, riding. Com
mission or perpetration (of a crime). Undertaking, taking upon
ones self. ** 2-&M Commission of sins, perpetration of
crimes. 33 !--9) Commission of adultery.
Aj, irtikas, (v11.1 of j) Throbbing (as an artery). Lean
ing on a bow or a staff. Firmness, stability.
A. L-9) irtikas, (v11.1 of U.9) Being inverted, thrown down.
Being squeezed into a narrow compass. Relapsing, backslid
ing. Standing still on the threshing-floor (an ox).
A JAS) irtikaz, (v11.1 of J4%) Stirring in the womb (a
foetus). Writhing in the agonies of death (a wounded person).
Agitation, disquietude, amazement.
A irtika, (v11.1 of i) Lying on the ground (snow).
A irtikam, (v111 of ) Being closely packed.
A J) artal, Worn, consumed, used.
A. irtim, (v111 of us sy) Being thrown. Throwingstones
at one another. Reviling mutually. Casting one's selfheadlong.
A j irtim, (v11.1 of jy) Trembling from a severe blow.
A u- irtims, (v11.1 of U-9) Being tinged. Immersion.
A J*) irtim, (v111 of Li) Assailing, attacking. Wast
ing away with a liver-complaint. Prevailing against, triumph
ing over, carrying off. Wavering. Grieving.
 54 *2)
A **) irsimam, (1x of ) Having white on the upper lip.
of r &J) arj, Price, worth, value, esteem, honour. Extraction.
A rhinoceros. A swan. Araj, Name of a bird. The elbow.
A gJ) araj, (from 9) Sending forth an agreeable perfume.
A zy' arij, Fragrant, odoriferous, aromatic. The stirring up
of dissensions, seditions, or quarrels. An aera.
A U-2) arja, (pl. of \-y raj) Sides, parts, margins, coasts.
Irja, (1v of 3-2) Strengthening the sides of a well with bricks.
A 2'-y' irj-a, (1v of *) Deferring, putting off. Being
about to bring forth (a camel). Being unsuccessful (a hunter).
A ~~) arjab, Intestines. (pl. of --) rajab) The months

of Rajab.
A c irjah, (iv of 2*)Giving over-weight.
A s irjad, (1v of x~) Being afraid. Terrifying.
A U--> irjas, (1v of U-9) Sounding the depth of water.

P --~~ Arjasb, Name of an ancient king of Turkistan.

A 8-) irj, (iv of 8-) Stretching forth the hand behind

the back to receive something. Wishing (to another) a brisk
sale. Becoming lean and afterwards growing fat (camels).
Easing nature.
A 3-2) irj, (iv of i) Engaging in business. Mixing
in in debates. Raising a tumult. Spreading false reports. Pre
paring for battle. Having flabby ears and being vicious (a
camel). Rumour. Fiction. Tumult.
A Jb' arjal, (pl. of Jay rajl) Sleeps. White papers. Ca
lamities. Armies. (pl. of Jay rijl) Large swarms of locusts.
Irjal, (1v of Jy) Making one go on foot. Neglecting. Leav
ing a camel at liberty with her foal.
P c- arjalun, A wild vine.

A J arjn, A species of wild olive common in Morocco.

Irjn, (iv of e-j) Feeding a camel on hay in the stable.

Arajan, An attempt to sow dissension.
A J Arrajan, A town in Susiana or Khuzistan.

A s irjah, (1v of 3-9) Deferring beyond the proper time.

A. Js) irjihnn, (iv of cs Q) Bending. Agitating.
Falling. Rising (as a vapour above the surface of the plain).
Aj-y arjaz, A camel whose limbs tremble when he rises.
l
A U-2.2) Argis, Name of a mountain clothed with eternal snow.
A 3x2) arjitat, (pl. of *- rajiz) Halters. Sodden meats.
ng A J) arjal, (Cattle) marked with white on one foot or on

the forehead. Ball-faced (horse or sheep). A large-footed

man. (A way) difficult, troublesome for the feet, on account of
the number of stones. Arjul, (pl. of Jy rijl) Feet. Parts of
any thing. Gulphs of the sea. Great swarms. The lower
horns or extremities of bows, nearest the ground when shooting,
A & arjilat, (pl. of Jy rajil) Infantry. Camels left
with their young, that they may suck without interruption.
P \t- arjimand, Rare, excellent, worthy of great price,
exquisite, beloved, dear, brave, generous, noble, distinguished.
;" ~~~) arjimand bni, (The noble princess) A proper name.
 t 55 2)
re arjan, A fabric, an edifice. A wooden hay-fork. A s-9. irkhf, (1v of -is-j) Making dough thin and watery.
A winnowing van. The bitter almond-tree. Being fatigued (a beast of burden).
p M-9. Arjand,Name of a town. A **) irkham, (Iv of) Sitting, brooding.

P &9) Arjanah, Name of a desert in Persia. A&M arkhat, A heifer. Urkhat, An epoch, an aera, a period
re;-) arjawn, Purple, deep red. A purple robe or A Jy" arkhul, (pl. of Jy rikhl, rakhil, or rikhlat) Lambs.
carpet. A tree, which, before it shoots its leaves, is entirely co A *9) arkham, (A horse) with a white head and black body.
wered with purple flowers. Meal. The first day of the lunar P S.A.-9) arkhandah, A tincture-powder, with which they tinge
month. The Persians make frequent use of this tree in their the nails and other parts of the body of a beautiful red; some
metaphors: they call wine, which is forbidden in their religion, nations, mixing it with vinegar, dye the manes and tails of their
J9)A-ib-i-arjawn, The water of Arjawn, or the purple horses. A kind of tree from which they make a fine oil.
water; and e';*) ----> Wi- sy Faces of saffron and eyes e <</ Arakhang (or <! Rakhang), A country of In
of Arjawn, are common expressions, to imply passionate lovers, dia called by Europeans Arracan.
in whose countenances a yellow melancholy is painted, and Ge) arkhn, (Az) A prince, achief, an archon, a high
whose eyes are inflamed with shedding of tears. priest, a patriarch (among the eastern Christians).
r j) arjatni, Very red. A Jy urakh?, A native of ) Urakh above.
A *>2 ariuhat, or urjhat, A swing. A &J) urkhiyat, The loose or pendulous part of any thing.
A jy) arjsat, A poem in the measure called jy rajaz, P e rd, Flour, meal. A defect, a blemish. Anger. 3-e
where there are six pauses or cesuras in the line. Barley-meal. **se
Wheaten flour.
P 9) ard or irid, The twenty-fifth day of the Persian month.
Av-) Arjis, Name of a fortress in Mesopotamia.
***) arjikanah, A yellow grass used in dyeing. Ird, Name of a town in Persia. Urd, Like, similar.
P **) archand, (See A-A harchand). A y aradd, More or most useful, or profitable.
p \o) Arda, Name of a priest of the Magi.
****9. archang, Defeat. (See <<) artang).
p s archin, Aladder, a staircase.
A le) ird, (iv of sy) Travelling. Treading firmly on the
"J Archini, Name of a mountain. ground. Throwing down. Destroying. Spoiling, marring.
A tJarahh, Broad or large-footed.
A sley arda-a, More or most wicked. Unbelieving.
A- arh, (pl. of U-) raha') Mill-stones, mills. Breasts, A "e2) ird-a, (1v of "e2) Assisting. Sustaining. Increas
or the callous parts of them on which camels recline. Hoofs of ing. Establishing. Doing evil, marring. Letting down (a veil).
camels and elephants. Grinders, back teeth. Independent P &\e rdabah, Pottage.
tribes, who live by themselves. Numbers of domestics. Chiefs A cl irdh, (iv of ty) Enlarging a tent. Plastering a wall.
of the people. Fields of battle. Crowds of camels pressing P ele rdad, or ardad, A deceiver, an impostor. A satyr.
upon one another. Round circular clouds (like mill-stones). A #9) irdagh, (1v of #9) Being very slimy (the ground).
A J irhl, (iv of J-9) Breaking in a camel. Making a Moistening the earth (rain). Being scanty (water).
Present of a strong camel. Assisting another to depart. A 39) ard, (pl. of -5.99 ridf) Persons or things placed
A **) arham, (pl. of ---, rahim) Wombs, matrices. Rela on the crupper. Buttocks. Irdf, (1v of -3) Following,
tions (especially by the mother), uterine kindred. r J- --> succeeding to. Causing one to ride behind on the crupper.
"rhm-hakki, The right of propinquity; what is due to relations. A 2'-y' irdm, (1v of *9) Continuing without intermission
A -->) arhi, (imp. of Iv) Give way, retire (used chiefly (rain, fever). Becoming green again (a tree).
A. ele) ardn, (pl. of eye) rudn) Sleeves. Irdn, (1v of
"horses when they want them to back). Name of a tribe.
AJ- arhal, (A horse) white on the back. (A sheep or eye) Putting sleeves to a garment. Continuing (a fever).
gal) black on the back. Arhul, (pl. of J-2 rahl) Mansions, Being dark.
*ges on a journey. Small saddles for camels. Bedding, cover r &le;) ardnah, A species of violet.
* &c. which travellers carry with them. rle rdie, Ademon, an evil genius, a magician, a satyr.
A **) arham, More or most merciful. c-9) **) The P y.29y) Ardvrf, Name of a Persian legislator who

"" merciful of the merciful, (an attribute of God).
A J arhi (or &- arhiyat), (pl. of U-9 raha')
***"arhikanah, Name of a herb used in dyeing.
flourished about the year 200 of the Christian aera.
Mills.
Pi->y) ardab, War, quarrel, altercation.
~9) irdabb, A large Syrian and Egyptian measure, of
A

A t arkh or irkh, A bullock. Urakh, Name of a town. above 2500lbs., also, the same with *ey) irdabbat below.
Airkhi, (iv of J) Giving the reins, relaxing. Run P \e rd-ba, A kind of pottage or gruel.

A &9) irdabbat, An aqueduct of earthen pipes. A great reser

"g in a straggling manner. Having soft buttocks (a horse).
*Jirkh, (iv of La) Holding cheap, valuing little. voir of water formed of clay. A large tile, or roof formed of tiles,
 3)
r &e) ardulah, Milk-pottage, pap, gruel.
reve," Ardn, Name of a certain king of Persia.
P se ardah, A mill-stone. A hand-mill.
p s ardah, Flour, meal, flour-bread. A kind of porridge.
A- $e) A dish made of dates with hot bread, butter, &c.
P &\se rdahalah, A kind of milk-pottage.
It p s. 3.}y ardah-bakhrak, A species of thorny fruit.
p's9-3-y) ardah-khurma, A thorny date-tree. -

P Js3.)y ardah-kanji, A thorn which is eaten green, with

dates and syrup.
P -5y urd?, The first month in autumn (September).
A & ardiyat, (pl. of \ey rida) Upper garments, cloaks,
\ll".
gowns worn by the dervises, any kind of loose upper garment,
which is put on when going out of the house. Swords. Bows.
d Il.
Ornaments. Intellects. Ignorances. Disgraces. Debts. Zones
worn by the ladies, made of leather and adorned with jewels.
P JeyT rdizghn (or eJe), Sweet-meats, liqueurs.
of P & 2)" ardinah, A kind of gruel or pottage.
in A. |3) irra, (1v of ) Weakening, exhausting. Giving
us, any thing worn out. Having jaded horses. Throwing away.
CO 3'3) irzaz, (1v of & razza) Raining gently.
A. Perspiring.
her JS) arzal, (pl. of J raz!), Wile, ignoble.
A Irzl, (1v of
2ek J) Despising, treating with scorn.
A "S) irzm, (1v of S) Abounding. Overflowing. Ex
" . ceeding (the number fifty).
A. J arzal, More or most mean, base, ignoble, or vile.
rj," arz (for t arj), Price, value. Quantity. Esteem, vene
ration, honour. A keeper. An owner, a proprietor. Jy
Price current, market-price.
Ajj arz or urz, The pine, cedar, pitch, juniper, or any cone
bearing tree. (from J) Firmness, fixedness, compactedness.
Avarice. Araz, A tree whose timber is very hard. Ariz, Con
tracting, or collecting or fixing one's self. Retiring into a hole
or coiling up (a serpent). Firmly rooted (tree). Compact, ro
bust, strong-backed (camel). Cold, frigid, severe, rigid (day
or might) contracting the body. A chief, a leader. A miser.
Ajj ur- or urus, aruzz or uruzz, (3) ruzz or jy runz), Rice.
ted A y arz, (pl. of s5J ruz-a) Afflictions.

A j}) irza, (1v of 55J) Assisting, strengthening.

and P L) irzgh, (iv of &J) Penetrating the earth (gentle
the rain). Digging to a moist soil. Despising. Execrating.
A 95 irzf, (1v of -35) Going before. Rendering gree
dy. Egging on, instigating. Running away.
ur A J;L! arzak, (pl. of Ujj risk) Riches, possessions, goods,
commodities, effects, apparel, moveables, provisions.
2 of A J) irzam, (1v of pj9) Despising. Murmuring, roaring;
up a rattle, a noise, a crash, a clap, a peal (of thunder). -

P e;L) arzn, Of small value, cheap, low-priced. Decent,

har becoming, worthy. J e;J. To be cheap. To be worthy.
Arzn, (for ejA| agar zn), If from this.

 * \
22
rv) arxnish, Charity, good works.
p arzani, Cheapness. Abundance. Dignity, worth,
desert. Any thing safe and sure. A worthy object of charity.
A rope twenty fathoms in length. J j) To give, bestow,
confer, favour, oblige.
re arznidan, To be esteemed, to be of value. To be
bought at a low price.
re-k) arzyndan, To render valuable. To make cheap.
A -j- irzab or irzabb, Short, compressed. Thick, large.
Muliebria crassa.
A Jirsabbat, A large mallet with which they break clods of
earth, or make bricks from the rude clay.
A j risat, (fem.) Firmly-rooted. Strong (camel). Mid
night.
A j) arrat. A single pine. P A lynx.
p *j) Arzrd, Name of a country in Turkistan.
rv arrish, Price, value, &c. of it.
.# J). arzak (for J); azrak), Azure, cerulean.
"J) arzan, Millet. Name of a hard tree. cy J)
Stars. Sparks of fire. A draught of wine. Bubbles. ej) .<-se
:
Name of a place three leagues distant from Shirz.
Arzangan, Name of a city in Armenia.
'Jy arzanin, (Bread) made of millet.
*J Arzanyn, Name of a princess; also of a place.
r;Ji rz, Desire, wish, will, resolution, intention, inclina
tion, affection, love, appetite, concupiscence, hope, want.
Jj To desire, &c. <-ff The breach of a reso
lution, change of mind. Breaking a resolution, pre
venting the execution of any design. L-3 ' Sensuality.
p s rzuwnah, Any object of desire. Wistfully.
*J rzdan, To desire, to wish, to hanker after.
p *- rz-mand, Desirous, eager, fond, wishful, burning
with desire, covetous, avaricious, greedy. --- A-;U I am
desirous, solicitous, or ambitious of favour. Jae ~~jj Ava
ricious, covetous, or fond of presents.
'*)' rz-mandi, Desire, wish, want, appetite.
"J rzn, Amiable qualities, virtuous dispositions.
p97 rzah, Clay mixed with straw for plastering walls.
pA rzah-gar, A plasterer.
**) arzah, Liquid pitch. The first climate of the earth.
:
A jj Al urzi, Name of Tahith, son of Muhammad, men
tioned in the Sunna.
"Jjj Arzaytn, Name of a certain princess.
pJjj arzidan, To be worth. To suit, to become.
*Ajj artir (or 2}) arxis), Tin, lead. Coin deficient in
weight or standard; not current.
*}}J irzz, A trembling, a tremour. Hoar-frost. Sleet.
"J'arzish (or Ly arzish), Price, value. Dignity.
**}} irzimam, (x1 of ^jy) Becoming enraged.
'J', arjan, A species of bitter almond.
57 c)
P arjang, The house of the painter and impostor Mn.
P &5) Arjanah, Name of a desert in Persia between Shirz
and Ispahn; also of a town in Turkistan.
* S arjahgar, Beholding, viewing, contemplating.
J- arasa, (fut. J. ja-rusu) He practised husbandry.
:k A
A J ars (from J') Agriculture, husbandry.
P J ars, A tear. c ~~ A rheum issuing from the
eyes of the mountain-goat from which they prepare an antidote
against poison.
A v al irs, A noble race or stock.
P J urs or urus, The larch, plane, or cypress-tree.
P J aras (or re"), The Sabine or juniper-tree. Aras,
Name of a river near the Euphrates and Tigris; this is the
Araxes or Aboras of the ancients.
A J aras, The bank of a river.
A \s) irsa, (1v of ~) Being firm, immoveable. Fixing, fast
ening. Resolving firmly on any thing. Anchoring at a port.
A irsab, (iv of -) Having the eyes sunk in the head.
A c irsih, (1v of *}) Making the hips thin and lank.
A **) irsakh, (1v of *}) Establishing, strengthening.
A **) arsgh, (pl. of 8-9 rusgh) The joints which connect
the ancles with the feet (in animals). The wrists (in man).
A irsaf, (1v of --j) Driving camels in fetters.
A J- irsal, (1v ofJ-j) Sending, dispatching; an embassy,
mission, legation, expedition, Dismissing. Letting the hair fall.
Renouncing. Getting milk from one's sheep.
A e- arsn, (pl. of Jy rasan) Halters, bridles. Name of
a place. Irsan, (1v of e-j) Binding fast with a halter.
P **) Arsanid, The town of Arsanid in Khursn.
regi-) arsnkn, Yellow orpiment.
P -97 rast, Ability. Decoration. Arist, The thigh.
P ---, arast, The upper or higher part of pack-saddles,
dorsers, &c. Plumpness in the hips (of animals).
P ex- arastdan, To adorn. To be able.
P c-s) arastan, To dispose, regulate, abbreviate. To be able.
p :-) arastu, A domestic swallow. Swallow-wort (an herb).
P <-7 arastah, Adorned. See 4-97 artistah.
A , arsah, (A wolf) meagre in the thighs or hips.
P U.S." arista, Henbane.
G \;<!--s" aristulukhy, ("Attroxoxia) Long birth-wort.
6:-sy" Arist, Aristotle. The herb birth-wort.
A J arsul, (pl. of J-y rasil) Sending (dispatches). Sent.
P J-W arslan, A lion. This surname has been adopted by
several kings of Persia. * J-W Arsln Kushay, Name
of a strong fortress near Kasbin.
P e- arsan, An assembly, a congregation, a congress.
A J-- Arasns, Name of a town in Syria.
p = ~A arsang, The shop of Mn. See <<) artang.
A 3-5-) ars usat, A cap, a hat, a bonnet.
A Us.s) arsa, May (God) confirm, perpetuate, establish.
"I
 C)
*L*f Arash, Name of a celebrated archer. Arish, Signi
fication, meaning.
a L Arish, Name of a mountain.
A Jlarsh, A gift. A compensation, an equivalent. A dis
agreement, quarrel, dissension, law-suit, discord, altercation,
squabble. Provocation, instigation, stimulation to discord. The
outward appearance. Dregs, leavings. Irsh, A mulct, fine,
particularly that which is paid for the shedding of blood. A gift
for conciliating the favour of a judge, a bribe.
P J arash, A yard, a cubit, a span, a palm. The warp of
cloth. Name of a city. Arish, Wise, prudent. An assembly.
A Us) irsh, (1v of >3) Tying on a rope to a bucket. Put
ting a young one to suck. Bribing. Accepting a bribe.
A *) arsh-a, (pl. of , rasha-a) Young fawns.
A c) irshh, (1v of **) Perspiring.
A 94) irshd, (iv of **) Directing, shewing the right way.
rjleusy) irshad-angz, Producing safety, promoting security.
A Jy irshsh, (1v of Ly rashsha) Distilling gently.
Making a horse prance until he sweats.
a irsh; (iv of -s) Sipping gently.
A Jy! irshk, (1v of v) Stretching forth the neck.
A **) irsham, (1v of **) Shooting out lightning.
P**) arshad, The marcasite stone.
A 2-8) arshad, Most upright, most tenacious of the right way.
P c-) arshasang, The 25th day of the Persian month.
A J-8) Arshak, Name of a place in Azarbjn.
r 3) arshak, A poppy. A fault, a crime. Arashk, Envy.
A * *y) arsham, Getting an appetite by smelling the flavour of
meat. Marked on the face or body with lines and spots. Gen
tle (rain). Vivid lightning.
G L--- Arshimidas, ('Agxian?".) Archimedes.
p c, arshan, (in the dialect of Kipjk) A cloud.
PUs l rishi, True, real, significant.
r) arshya, (in anc. Pers.) A throne.
A **) arshiyat, (pl. of \y risha), Ropes, or any thing re
sembling them, as the trains of snakes, the stalks of gourds, &c.
A U22) arass, Having the thighs close together. Having the
teeth closely set.
A ele) arsad, (pl. of xey rasad) Observations of the stars, or
of roads (through deserts, &c.). Gentle rains. Irsad, (1v of
& 2) Observing. Laying snares. Converting to the faith.
A 82) irst, (iv of 3-2) Spearing. Breeding (as a bee).
A J irsn, (1v of cre) Making fast.
A te) arsat, Having lean, meagre thighs or hips. A deep
wound made with the point of a spear.
A & exe" arsusat, A cap, hat, &c. in the form of a melon.
A Jy! araz, More or most worthy.
A C) arz, The earth, ground, soil, country, region, (met.)
The grave. Any thing humble, low, depressed. Rheum, de
fluxion from the nose. Tremor, particularly of the limbs in
58 \,)
the paroxysm of a fever. J 35 The terrestrial globe,
33) J Name of an island near the Equator. Le JA,
The feet of a horse, or what is under them. J-J Uncul
tivated ground. xy J (Country of the Romans) Name of
a city on the confines of Armenia and Cappadocia. J
<<!-- A prime minister. c: , 3) The land of Noah, a
J) e!" A stranger, a
place so called in the Eastern Arabia.
foreigner, a son of the earth. A kind of ginger. J Jl
Demons. J - Strange dogs. J es' J ~55%
Was it the earth that trembled, or is there a tremor on me !
J --> e If you beat the earth(a proverbial saying,
implying, beat the earth, it is immoveable; it cares not). J)}
K. A form of compliment among the Arabians, implying,
You have no occasion for any recommendation of country, an
cestry, wealth, &c., you have merit enough in yourself. Cyc
J * --~$ Je" Whoever obeys me, I will submit to him.
A J araz, (from J) Becoming raw from friction and
dirt (a sore). Purity, cleanness. Abounding in grass. Being
pleasant to the eye (ground). (pl. of 3.3) arazat) Wood-worms.
A J) uruz, (pl. of J arz) Earths.
A J3) arazz, Sedentary, motionless.
A \ irz, (iv of Us) Accepting. Gratifying, contenting.
A +\) arazat, (pl. of J arz) Earths, grounds, soils.
Things of inferior value, trifles.
A J*) irzz, (1v of Jy razza) Becoming indolent. Thick
ening (as sour milk). Running.
A **) irzt, (1v of t) Milking, suckling or giving milk.
**) arazat, A worm which eats into ships, &c., the white
A
ant. Rust. &\\ J A-3) More destructive than worms or
rust. Irzat or urazat, Luxuriant herbage or grass.
A**) Arzuwiy, Surname of a man.
AJ) arzy, Terrestrial, earthly, earthy.
AJ arzin, (obliq. of e;-) arzun, pl. of J8) arz) Earths.
AP) art, (from 9) (Ground) producing the tree J -
Feeding camels with its fruit. Tanning with its bark. Arit,
A reddish colour, like to the fruit and roots of the tree J).
A s irt-a, (1v of ) Becoming marriageable (a maid).
A c) artb, (pl. of rutab) Fresh dates. Irtb; (IV
of -*2) Being fresh and succulent (dates). Bearing such
dates (a palm-tree). Abounding in green herbage (a field).
Steeping a garment.
A s artt, A single tree of the sort called J arta'.
A irtat, (1v of ratta) Raving. Standing still.
A J%) artal, (pl. of Jy ratl or ritl) Pounds of twelve
ounces. Weights of 128} drahms or dirhems. Cups of wine.
Swift, fleet (horse). Weak, effeminate (youth). Languid,
feeble (old men). Growing old or silly.
g"-l.y Artmsiya ('Aericia) Artemisia, mugwort.
A**) Aratat, Name of a castle in Spain.
gu) Artamis, ("Aerus) Artemisia, Diana.

? &A
t artanisi, (Atlawira) Sow-bread.
A s artawiy, (A camel) griped in the belly by eating
too much of the fruit of the tree called J.2) arta'.
A J. artu', The above-mentioned tree, which grows in the
sand, bearing flowers of a willow-colour and a bitter fruit, with
red roots and branches; with the fruit and leaves of which they
feed camels, and with the bark they tan leather. Artiy, (A
camel) feeding on the fruit, &c. Name of a well in Arabia.
p J2) artayun, Intelligent, acute, cunning, sly. Name of a
Grecian philosopher.
Ale) art, (pl. of Je) rity) Pastures. Irai, (1v of Je)
Pasturing. Giving for pasture. Abounding in pasture. Lend
ing an ear. Attending, regarding. Sparing, pitying.
Az irtj, (1v of **) Gleaming, flashing.
A 2-lirid, (iv of Key) Thundering. Being terrified by
thunder. Inspiring terror. Trembling, being agitated.
A J irts, (iv of U.e.) Terrifying, causing to tremble.
A Jlirtash, (iv of Jey) Making to tremble.
A J irts, (1v of Lacy) Agitating, disturbing.
Ake) artiz, (pl. of Aey rutz) Holes in the tops of the shafts
of arrows or javelins, into which they screw on the heads.
A-elire, (iv of -ie) Impelling. Filling a bottle.
A J artal, (pl. of &ley radat) Bodies from 20 to 25
(horse, &c.), the vans of such bodies. Tall palm-trees, palm
trees bearing bad fruit. Heifers. Female ostriches. Camels.
Prepuces. Those parts of the ears of sheep or camels, which,
being slit, hang flagging down. Domestics, or families, (es
pecially when numerous). Trees stript of the bark. Ireal, (Iv
of J) Stabbing repeatedly.
**) irtam, (iv of **) Running at the nose (a sheep).
A artawiyat, A herd, a troop of camels marked with
the king's signet.
A Je) artal, Foolish. A withered, weak, or tender plant.
(A smock) reaching to the ground.
A c artan, Loose, lax, languid. Foolishly adorning, set
ting forth, showing, commending, or thinking much of one's self.
(An army) confused from its multitude.
AF) irtiew, (x111 of use) Abstaining (from evil).
A -s) urtifat (or &#5-9 rtfat), A stone placed near a
well, upon which those who drink sit down. A stone left at the
bottom of a well, on which they sit, when washing or purifying.
p i. rugh, Belching.
p {j aragh, An apricot. A full nut. Arigh, A young lamb
suffed and roasted. -
Al irghii, (iv of 33) Being frothy (milk). Making a
camel bray. Giving a camel. -
**) arghb, (), -), or l) A river.
A-9) irghb, (1v of -) Desiring. Valuing.
**Mirghis, (iv of...;3) Stabbing repeatedly. Suckling.
***) arghj, (or g arghch) Yarn. The woof of a web.
59
A Q) irghd, A kind of cylindrical machine for weighing
anchor, a windlas, a capstan. (1v of Ay) Having the good things
of this life in abundance. Leaving sheep to graze where they list.
Psft Arghdah, Name of a river.
A irghi, (iv of Li$). Looking intently. Walking fast.
A J arghl, (pl. of J, rughl) Orachs. Irghl, (iv of
J) Sucking (applied to animals). Abounding in the plant
J, rughl. Straying from pasture (a camel). Inclining.
Coming into ear (corn).
A. irghm, (1v of **) Rubbing (a man's mose) in the dirt.
Blackening the face. Reviling. Wearying, vexing.
c er) arghmun, (A'cytes') A web in the eye, which in
the extreme parts of the iris looks red, in the interior, white.
c x arghmn, (A'cytwn) Wild tansy.
A J) irghn, (iv ofc) Listening with satisfaction. Ex
citing desire. Rendering inclined. Despising, deeming trivial.
A -) arghab, More or most desirous, covetous, longed for.
P g arghaj, (or #) arghaj) Bind-weed, ivy, pellitory of
the wall; convolvulus. A long thread.
P -*' arghachi, A long rope or thread.
A &$) arghad, More or most commodious, pleasant, affluent.
Arghada (in prayer), May (God) grant the comforts of life.
P S.A&y) arghadah, (arghandah, or araghdah), Covetous,
greedy. Attentive to business. A fierce, cruel, ravenous, en
raged, destructive animal. Confused, astonished, disturbed.
P arghushtak, A kind of child's game.
A &#) arghifat, (pl. of -i, raghf) Honey-cakes, round
flat cakes.
P arghak, Ivy. See g arghaj.
A J) arghal, An easy, agreeable life. Uncircumcised.
p gl arghamj, A long thread.
P Us arghamchi, A long robe. A thread twenty cubits
long, fit for weaving.
G. J arghan, (O'eyarov) An organ. An unblemished virgin.
p **) arghanj, A long thread.
P & 3) arghand (or ***) arghandah), Covetous, desirous,
wishful. Intrepid. Passionate, angry, testy. A tippler.
P ~f~s) Arghund-b, Name of a river.
P <<! arghang, A shop, a library. A seraglio, a brothel.
r ey-] arghaniin, A bell.
re arghawn, Name of a tree whose fruit and flower
are of a beautiful red. A flower. A reed.
PJ' e';*) Arghawn-tan, Name of the planet Mercury.
P j) arghawni, Red, purple. ...}}}.}}|<xel Red wine.
re) arghn, A bell. A wild unmanageable horse. Name
of a Turkish tribe. -
PJ, Arghiyn, Name of a village near Nishbr.
A cl irghidd, (x1 of A) Thickening milk with flour.
rej9) arghidan, To quarrel, to dispute, to scold, to brawl,
to contend. To become hard, to wax dry, Fricatio ob pruritum.
I 2
 i)
A J arghish, The bark of the box-thorn.
A 3) ura, (pl. of&M urfat) Land-marks, boundaries. Knots.
A 3) irf-a, (iv of ) Bringing, drawing near. Being
abated, beat down in price. Renting a house and living in it.
Putting out to sea. Causing to incline. Combing one's self.
A ~9) irfs, (1v of G-3) Talking obscenely.
A c) irfd, (1v of 33) Assisting one another. Giving.
A J infash, (1v of J) Luxury, intemperance.
A JA3) arfz, (pl. of Jy raft), (Camels) straggling and
pasturing at discretion. Small portions. Herds (of ostriches)
divided into small bodies. Irfax, (iv of Lis) Turning (camels)
loose to pasture. Departing, receding.
A. #9) arfgh, (pl. of 8-3, ragh) Arm-pits, groins (where
filth collects). Name of a mountain.
A J) arfk, (pl. of & rakat, rikat, or rukat) Compa
nies, societies, committees, assemblies. Irak, (1v of Cy) Help
ing. Treating kindly. Having the elbow distorted.
A J) iral, (1v of J3) Wearing clothes that sweep the
ground. Walking with a swinging motion.
A 33) isfah, (1v of 33) Bestowing affluence, comforting,
cherishing. Enjoying peace and the pleasures of life. Anoint
ing the body, and shaving the head, daily. Having camels
feeding near water, and drinking as much as they like.
A 33) urfat, A boundary, a limit, a land-mark. A knot.
A s Arfudah, Name of a people in Ethiopia fond of dan
cing.
A Lis) arfaz, A refuser. An obstinate heretic.
A Jewis) irfix, (1x of Jy) Flowing (as tears).
A t arfat, More or most high, sublime, exalted.
A 8-9) arfagh, One who enjoys the comforts of life.
A C) arfak, (A camel) distorted in the limb, and leaning to
one side.
A J3) arful, Dressing, or doing any thing awkwardly.
r x.3) Arand (x3) or x,y\), The river Tigris.
A 3) arfa' One with drooping ears. Uriy, Milk of a doe.
Good, unadulterated milk.
A Jy' irt-nn, (1v of w q) Fleeing, and then sitting
still. Being appeased (anger). Languor, feebleness.
P J. ark (for #2) argh), A canal.
A JJ) arak (from Ji) Watchfulness, sleeplessness. Arak or
urak, Mildew. Jaundice. Arik (or J" arik), Sleepless.
A J, arakk, More or most slender, or transparent.
A G) irk, (1v of Ji) Ascending (a staircase).
A *\}} irk-a, (1 v of ) Producing tears, or perspiration.
Ceasing to flow (tears).
A. ~9) irkb, (1v of ~3) Giving away (property) on con
dition that it shall ultimately revert to the survivor. A tontine.
p 35) arkt, A sort of long shirt or shift.
A 23) irkd, (1v of xi) Putting to sleep, getting to sleep.
Abiding in a place.
60 c
A Je irks, (iv of Jai) Causing to dance or trot. Dan
dling an infant.
A. {}}| irke, (1v of 859) Idiocy. Wanting repair (clothes).
A -35) irk, (iv of -) Trembling. Tremor, terror.
A Jl irkk, (1v of JJ rakka) Making slender. Becoming
tenderly affected. Using polished language. Reducing into a
state of servitude. Being in bad circumstances.
A Jl irkl, (1v of J) Making haste. Skipping on tip-toe.
Skimming (over the plain).
A arkm, (pl. of rakam) Books, writings, memoirs,
relations, narratives, histories, tales. x & l) arkm-i hindi,
Arithmetic, numbers, properly Indian tables, arithmetic being
supposed to be borrowed from them.
A Jy" arakn (for c yarakan), Mildew. Jaundice.
King's evil. Irkn, (1v of e) Tinging with privet. Privet.
r s irky, Rebellion, disobedience.
A 3) arkab, Thick-necked. A lion. A mountain-goat.
Arkub, (pl. of & rakabat) Necks, especially the lower parts.
Slaves, purchased servants.
A 2'-9" irkidad, (1x of A$) Going very fast.
A U43) arkash, (A serpent) spotted with black and white.
P U-3) arkish, Intelligent, skilful. An adept.
A arkat, (A panther) variegated with black and white spots.
A 2'-3) irkitt, (1x of ) Being speckled with black and
white. Putting forth its first leaves (a plant).
A arkam, (A serpent) speckled with black and white (of
a very dangerous species). Name of an Arabian tribe.
r xi) Arkand (x3) or x, y)), The river Tigris.
A -l) irkitt, (x1 of ai) Putting forth buds (a plant).
97 rak, More or most worthy, fit for, apt.
A
% ark (from %), Causing a camel to feed on the tree
A.
called ark. Irk, Name of a place in Sijistn (Dra
giana). Arak (from -), (Camels) having the gripes from
eating too freely of the fruit of the tree arak. Name of a
town near Palmyra ; also of a road near Hazramawt. % 2
2 arak or urak, Name of a valley in Yammah. Arik (or
37 arik), (A tract of land) over-run with the tree ark.
, irka, (Iv of 39) Doubling a camel's load.
A
A \\ irka, (1v of J) Granting a delay. Taking refuge.
Forcing to take refuge. Preparing. Providing, taking care of.
Falsely accusing.
A -9) arkab, (pl. of 9 rakab), Pubes. Muliebria.
A 9 Arkat, Arcot, a district of country on the Coromandel
coast, near Madras; also the capital city.
A c arkh, (pl. of & rak-h) Narrow passes through moun
tains, also the sides, extremities, or promontories of mountains.
High, rugged grounds. Gutters on house-tops. Foundations.
Back parts of houses. Areas, quadrangles. Irkh, (1v of &)
Leaning. Causing to recline.

Aj% irkaz, (iv. of ) Discovering minerals or hidden trea
sures. Containing gold or silver (a mine).
A U-9) irks, (Iv of J.9) Turning upside down.
AJ3% irkaz, (1v of Ji) (A mare or a woman) being
pregnant with a foetus nearly full-grown and stirring in the womb.
A Mirkik, (iv of t rakka) Raining gently.
J% arkn, Dew, misling rain.
P Chambers, closets, women's apartments. Uram or urram, (pl.
AJ% arkn, (pl. of c rukn) Columns, pillars, supports,
props, posts, angles. Momentous affairs. Standards (of metre).
P -- J% arkn-i-dawlat, Nobles (pillars of the state).
A 9 arkab, Large in the knee. (A camel) having one
knee larger than the other. Arkub, (pl. of ~% rakb) Small
companies of men riding on camels.
r & rikat, (fem.) Abounding in the tree called \,) ark.
(A camel) feeding on that tree.
A&M Arakat, Name of a place.
p ) arkchah, A compound of perfumes.
p *9) Arkanj, Name of a city in Khursn.
p
< arkanah kun, The inaccessible asylum ; a range of
mountains separating the Eastern from the Western Scythians.
A-3) arkub, A troop riding upon camels.
cu) arkin, (Az") A chief, a governor.
re arknitan, (in anc. Pers.) To give, to bestow.
A -:!) arka, More weak, most infirm.
**) arkiy, (in anc. Pers.) A river.
A ) arakiyat, (Land) abounding in the tree <!) ark.
r & arag, A swing. A tether. Arig, A citadel. Name
of a fortress in Sistan.
P J% argali, A wild sheep.
G J Argus, One of Alexander's successors, supposed to
be Ptolemy Lagos.
A J) Urul, Name of a mountain, and of two places in Arabia.
Name of a fortress in Andalusia in Spain.
A} Arla, The capital of Hungary.
A&J) Arlat, The first tribe of those Oriental Turks, who live
beyond the river Oxus. Urlat, Solitude, devotion. Does, deer.
Ai arim, (part.) (A severe year) consuming, destroying
(provisions or cattle). Name of a town in Mzandarn.
: A arama, (fut. ) ya-rimu) He bit.
**j) arm, The arm from the elbow to the shoulder. Iram,
Celebrated but fabulous gardens, said to have been anciently
made in Arabia Felix by a king named Shaddd bin Aad, or
Iram bin Omad.-Frequent mention is made of these gardens
by the Eastern poets, who describe them as a perfect model of
that voluptuous paradise which the Muhammadans are promised
by their prophet. A Arm, (from ) Twisting hard (a rope),
straining. The shape of the body, the jointing of the limbs.
*- (A girl) well formed, of a beautiful shape. Irm, A
*one or post erected in the desert to direct travellers. (for
61
Iram.) The descendants of Aad. Urm, Name of a place in
Tabaristn. Aram, A vine. Arim, One, any one, as fL'A' |
There is nobody in the house. Iram, A mark or butt to shoot
at, a monument, a barrow, a goal. A stone or post erected in
the desert to direct travellers. Gravel. Name of a man said
to have first invented instruments of war. Urum, Prisons.
of f arim) Cheek-teeth, the grinders. The tips of the fingers.
(pl. of y iram) Mile-stones. Gravel.
A Us) arm, Desert, desolate, empty. Urma, Any, any one.
irm, (1v of Jy) Throwing away. Ejecting. Unhors
A
ing. Exceeding, increasing. Lending or borrowing on interest.
A <\'arms, Old, worn-out ropes. (pl. of t-cy rams) Raf
ters. Remains of milk in the udder. Things superfluous. That
from which the leathern bottle is suspended in churning butter.
A c armah, (pl. of & rumh) Spears, javelins, lances.
A irmkh, (1v of & 9) Bearing unripe dates (a palm).
A cus) irmd, (1v of ~9) Giving milk (a sheep or a cow).
Being reduced to poverty by the loss of one's cattle. Visiting
with opthalmia (God).
A J-:) arms, (pl. of U-9 rams) Sepulchres, burying
grounds. Irms, (1v of J-2) Burying (the dead).
A Jus) irmz, (1v of J&J) Being hot. Grazing under a
scorching sun, or on a burning plain. Hurting with heat. Griev
ing, afflicting.
Aus) armt, Name of a kind of flower.
A J armak, An old rope. (pl. of Cy ramak) Last
breaths of dying persons. Irmak, (1v of C-9) Making (water)
muddy. Persevering in business.
A armak, (pl. of &s, ramakat) Mares. Jades.
A J armal, (or t armk) A species of cinnamon
brought from Arabia, Persia, and India. Armal, (pl. of
&ls9 rumlat) Black lines (upon white or other-coloured cattle).
Gentle, small rains. Additions to any thing. Irmal, (1v of
J) Weaving a mat of a flimsy texture. Covering the floor
with such a mat. Sunearing (an arrow) with gore. Lengthen
ing (a rope). Becoming a widow. Becoming poor. Eating
up, and being destitute of, provisions.
A armam, (pl. of &s, rummat) Old, rotten. Old ropes.
Foreheads. Irmm, (1v of ramma) Becoming dried up and
putrid (bones). Being full of marrow. Being silent. Having
a propensity to jest. Restoring a dislocated joint. Name of a
place, and of a valley.
P J armn, Desire. A sigh. The anguish of repentance.
Penitent. The red flower of the blue reed or cane. Aged.
Irman, Any thing borrowed. Urman, Labour, exercise.
Grief, anxiety, trouble. Name of a city.
Pe armndan, To sigh. To be afflicted. To repent.
P J-) Armayi, A Syrian.
P J Irmyl, Name of a prince, one of Zuhk's cooks,
62
c
f ex) armd (for ex,-) amrd), A pear.
n
P Jey' armn, Earnest-money.
P er) armn, Earnest, a pledge, stipulation, any thing by

which a promise or bargain is confirmed. The prime cost or

first price of a commodity. The beginning or first of anything.
Experience. Urmian, Superfluous.
Pejs) armnitan, (in anc. Pers.) To sleep, to repose.
r Armiy, (Heb. It'p) The prophet Jeremiah.
he A & 9) armiyat, (pl. of Ussy ramiy) Summer or autumnal
net clouds dissolving in large drops of rain.
P J-vi ramidagi, Rest, quiet. Modesty.
P J*-97 ramidan, To rest, repose.
P **- ramidah, Quiet, rested, reposed.
pU-9) armis, A kind of thorn.
s of A J-) irmikak, (x1 of Gy) Being slender and weak (a

rope). Consumption. Leanness.

Be P J-9) Armin, Name of the fourth son of king Kaykubd.
fat A **) armina, Sal-ammoniac.
last A. ***) Arming yat, Name of a district in Natolia.
P ex-) Armayun, Name of a Greek philosopher. Ingenious,
ey. intelligent. A sort of stone which breaks in a pentangular shape.
P J ran (for c aranj), A cubit. The elbow. The arm.
or
*A cy" arina, (fut. ev 3ya-rinu) (The camel) was sprightly.
A ej) arn (from ey), Being brisk and lively.
A. e) Aran, Name of a town.

ate.
A cy) arin, Brisk, lively, joyous, spirited. Name of a horse.
lt). P e. arun, A congregation, an assembly.

A w urun, (pl. of ey irn,) The dens of wild beasts. (pl. of

wn

arn) Poisons. The brains of elephants.

hdi P e) arran, A eve.
";
Jr.0- A ) irn, (iv of jy) Causing to look, or hear.
"...
nul, A 39) irn, (iv of -) Drooping his ears from fatigue t s

... **
(a camel); also making a peculiar motion with his head when
e of travelling. Travelling with expedition (a man).
TOW A. e.9) irnn, (1v of cy ranna) Resounding. Groaning.
ited A \,\) Irmy, Name of a place.
of ~9) arnab, A hare. A kind of ornament. A hillock of
A

be sand. A woman's name. 45-. ~9) A kind of poisonous fish.

the A ) arnabat, The tip or ridge of the nose.

P}:j) arnabiz, A kind of herb, dragon-wort.

A &A urnat, New cheese. Any thing drinkable. A kind of
ce, grain with which they curdle milk. A lizard's nest.
ice, P g aranj (or aranj), The elbow, the arm from the

wrist to the elbow. The shoulder-blades. Those joints of the

ne fingers which are joined to the hands, viz. the third joints.
S \,y) arand, (s STU3) The castor-oil plant.
to P e'sy arandn, Denial, refusal, prohibition.
try a gj) arandaj, Black leather.
rly P 8.9ji randah, Bringing. A porter, a carrier.
r &M rang, Colour. Mode, form, manner. Thought,
 2)
doubt, suspicion. Grief, trouble, affliction. Craft, deceit, strata
gem. A kind of fruit. Like, resembling, in the form of. A
h viceroy. A manufactory.
A j'Armam, Name of a mountain near Madina.
rj Arnawz, Name of the sister of Jamshed.
A jy" Arnawdry, An Albanian or Epirot.
Plar nah (for *j" agar nah), If not.
A jurna, A grain used for curdling milk.
Aj arnibar, Dragon-wort.
Pj aranyabar, Brazilian wood.
A3U arw, Deception, fallacy, imposture.
A irw, (1v of xy) Giving to drink.
A s arrs, (pl. of 3.5 rawsat) Horse-dungs. Tips of
noses,
A cy arwah, (pl. of C2) rh) Spirits, souls, minds. Winds.
AchJ) irwh, (iv of cy) Repaying a debt. Giving repose.
Smelling an (agreeable) odour. Having distorted feet.
A 9,Jirwd; (iv of ex9) Walking leisurely and comfortably.
Carrying on business in a snug and quiet way.
A.J.) arwk, (pl. of Jy rawk) Tents. Horns. Begin
nings of the night. Flower of youth. Best parts of any
thing.
A Arwm, (pl. of xy Rum) Greeks, Romans, Turks.
Ae), Arwn or Ariwn, Name of a city of Armenia.
Arican, Name of a well near Madina.
t artwnah, A wild violet. A kind of camel.
**J) array, A species of paper.
***) arubak, Remote, distant. Old.
p gy arj, The juniper-tree.
At;J) aricah, Shallow (platter). One whose toes turn out.
A*) arcad, Negligent, slothful. .
ry uricar, (in anc. Pers.) Herbs, plants, vegetables.
A}}J) arz, Firm, steady, rooted, fixed. Collecting or con
tracting one's self. Avaricious, covetous, tenacious. Jj}\}2J)
Extremely tenacious. Uruz, (from 3L!) Being firmly rooted.
A vlar-us, (pl. of J ra-s) Heads. Chiefs.
*J aris, Furniture. Wares, merchandize.
**,J) aris, Name of an Indian plant.
*Jur, (pl. of JA) arz) Earths, grounds.
A {!! arwat, Handsome, winning, engaging.
p 2) rgh, (or Jji ark) A belch. (Ructus).
*,J. arugh, A stem, a stalk, a family. Urugh, An ox
hide. A large owl. A day. A mountain (according to Eastern
tradition) forty leagues in height, from whose summit flow 1000
fountains each as large as the river Oxus. J &:9) To dress
leather. To clean.
"J" Wrighidan, To belch.
'J' irik, Abelch.
A 32) arwak, (A camel) having long teeth. (A camel)
black and white. J Jr Jy) He saw a dragon
63 3)
mounted on a black and white camel (an Arabian proverb, ap
plied to those who are apprehensive of imaginary dangers, or
fancy they see monstrous appearances).
A&#2) arwikat, (pl. of Jy rawk) Curtains before doors, &c.
A%) uruk, (from %) Feeding upon the tree c) ark.
Abiding in the same place. Going down (a swelling).
P J.j) arwali, A kind of fine paper.
A xy arum, An origin, stock, root (of a tree, horn, &c.).
Name of a mountain the abode of the Solimite Arabs. Urum,
(pl. of j' irm.) Signs, marks, direction-posts or mile-stones.
Origins, roots. Sepulchral monuments, grave-stones. The
part where the sides of the head meet before. Arwam, Name
of a place in Najd.
A &2) armat or urmat, A kind of tree. A root, stock,
origin. &c.) --~!" ers v. A well-disposed mind.
P artin, A handsome figure.
A exy) arun, Cheerful, lively, brisk. Poison, venom. The
brain of an elephant. Name of a place in Tabaristn (Hyr
cania). Irn, (pl. of 8, irat) Fire-places, hearths, chimnies.
P irun, A sparrow-hawk.
P J}U) urwan, Bilious. Irascible.
Auj' arwann, Sound.
A &\,\ arwananat, Severe, painful, (day or night). (A day)
of extreme transport, or of excessive sorrow.
P Jy arnitan, (in anc. Pers.) To wash.
p A, ) arwand, Care, caution, circumspection, prudence.
Experience, proof, knowledge. Price, value. The best part
of anything. Majesty, grandeur, pomp. Notice, annuncia
tion. Proportion, elegance, agreeableness, sightliness, decency.
Wish, desire. Height, altitude, sublimity. The ocean. The
Tigris. Name of a mountain in Hamadn. Name of the
father of Lohorasb. Name of a fountain in Sistan.
P -\ Arwandab, Name of the father of Zuhk.
P J arwandidan, To be lazy and dull. To louse.
P.J.; Marnis, Valerian.
A Arwana', Name of a place.
A s arwa", (pl. of 32) urwiyat) Mountain-goats. Name
of a woman.
A & 2 Marwiyat, (pl. of \, y riv) Ropes with which they
fasten loads on beasts of burden. (pl. of -5.9 rw) Assuaging
thirst with pure water. Urwiyat, A mountain-goat. Name of
a Wortlan.
rv) arwis, A board whereon the Parsis place the vessels
used in their religious ceremonies. A hair-rope.
* JU arwin, (or cx9) arwin) Experiment, trial.
P & 2) Arwiyah, Name of a lofty mountain.
P sji rah, The root or lower part of the teeth. The gums.
Ps) arrah, A saw. Je V-38) A saw of serpents teeth.
A \s) irh, (1v of jy) Pitying. Supplying with meat and
drink. Persevering in eating the same kind of victuals. Dis
 **)
covering a place where victuals were constantly kept for tra
vellers who chose to eat them. Lata rima ducens uxorem.
A ~\ arhb, Timid birds, not rapacious (in opposition to
hawks and other birds of prey). Irhb, (1v of Q-by)
midating. Riding on a leah camel. Having long sleeves.
A z) irhaj, (1v of **) obsolete) Raising (dust). Raining
plentifully. Having (a house) full of vapours or smoke.
A Jes) irhs, (1v of LaS) Laying a foundation of large
stones. Using lime, mortar, cement in building. Propping a
falling wall. Laming a horse by means of a stone sticking in
the hoof. Bestowing abundantly the goods of this world (G od).
A9's) arhat, (or las) arhut) (pl. of las, raht) Families or
tribes of men, from two to ten, living together without women.
A 3\s) irhf, (iv of-is) Whetting, sharpening (a sword).
A Js) irhak, (1v of GS) Bringing near, causing to ap
proach. Obliging, forcing
g, compelling, imposing a heavy op
pressive burden. Being troublesome. Being dilatory in saying
prayers; deferring those prayers which, among the Muham
madans, ought to be said at one hour, till the next hour of
prayer arrives.
A c) irham, (1v of **) obsolete) Raining gently.
A J irhn, (1v of Jy) Pledging, pawning (a garment).
Giving (a son) as a hostage. Exposing to danger. Establishing,
fixing, rendering perpetual. Buying dear. Paying a part of
the price (by way of securing a purchase). Doubling. Bury
ing (the dead).
P e- 9) Arrahjn, Name of a city 60 leagues from Shrz.
P **) arhad, A species of grain.
p c 3) arrah-zaban, A backbiter, a slanderer.
re-is) Arhaft, Name of a Hind prophet.
p U$9) arrah-kash, A sawyer.
A. y arham, Well watered. More or most fruitful.
* = <) Arhang, Name of a town in Badakhshn, and a
place of pilgrimage. The shop of Mn.
A ex urhun, Menstruis laborans (puella).
* l r, (or 9" arah) Yes, so, also, likewise. A bee. The
roots of the teeth. An ambassador, an envoy.
# A * ara, (fut. ** Ja-ri) (The bee) made honey.
A. s ary, (from ) Making honey (a bee). Driving the
clouds (wind). Pouring forth rain (a cloud). Being burnt at
the bottom (a kettle), and leaving something sticking there.
Feeding in the same stall (cattle). Binding, fastening. Bear
ing malice. Honey. A honey-comb. Whatever adheres
the sides of the hive. A viscous kind of dew. Heat, rage.
The boiling of the pot. Ari or ariy, A stable, a stall. A post,
a tether. Iri, A stable or any place where cattle are lodged.
Fire. A fire-place. Dried flesh steeped in vinegar.
A cJ) arwin, (pl. of Tyrih) Winds. Exhalations. Forces,
powers, victories.
Av) arysh, (pl. of Ly rish) Feathers. Splendid,
6-4 t
r - -
painted, ornamented robes.
-
Victuals.
... -
The conveniencies of
life, plenty of provisions, affluence, wealth. -
A &\}) aryt, (pl. of sy ria) Rising grounds, hills. Paths
Inti over, or through mountains. -
A s aryf (pl. of -j ri) w cultivated, planted,
improved (grounds), plentiful (countries).
J aryk, (pl. of Cy rik) Spittles, rheums. Bellies.
A
-
p cl arib, Crooked, inverted.
A c" arib, Intelligent, sagacious, cunning, shrewd, sly.
a & Maribat, Large, capacious (kettle).
A c arij, (from zy') Diffusing odours, smelling sweet.
A G Arih, (iies, mn') Jericho in Palestine.
A. Js arhy, Liberal-minded. One with a wide throat.
A &=2) arihiyat, Cheerfulness, alacrity in bestowing a gift.
r x, AJ arid barid, A kind of medicine brought from Si
jistn, resembling in shape an onion cut through the middle.
re aridan, To adorn.
r2.7 rr, Sagacious, shrewd.Sober, chaste.
AA) arr, A shout of triumph. Noise, vociferation.
A}} ariz, Frost, hoar-frost, rime.
Fu-j' aris, Quick-sighted, acute.
v aris or arris, A ploughman, a husbandman, a farmer.
A.
Aris, A prince, a head man. Name of a well in Madina.
A ex- arisana, arristina, or arrisiyuna, Ploughmen.
P 4-) Urisah, The district of Orissa (in India).
A J-M arisy, A ploughman, a farmer.
P J arish, The warp of cloth. A palm, a span, a cubit,
a yard, an ell. Ingenious, clever.
A c" aris (for Je), Broad, wide, large. Abounding in
vegetation. Worthy, suitable. Pure, clean. Humble, modest.
A kid beginning to graze. Name of a well. J Jy A
spacious garden.
A arit, Unfruitful, (a man) begetting no children.
p *) arigh, Aversion, abhorrence, indignation. Hatred.
A c Urayk, (dim. of J. q. v.); also name of a place.
A 5) uraykit, (dim. of |ai) arkat) The surname of a person.
P <&M ark, Distant, remote.
A rk, A throne, a couch. Name of a valley.
A 49%) Urykni, Name of two mountains.
* 3) arikat, Health, the healing of a wound. Any place
raised above the ground for reclining upon, a sopha, a throne.
* J- & ) arikah-nishin, Sitting on a throne.
to A J) Uray!, Name of a man.
A arim, One, any one.
A *A Uraymat, Name of a place.
' c n. A cubit. See e ran.
A c"irin, (pl. of 8, irat) Fire-places, hearths.
A **) Uraynibit, Yame of certain wells in Arabia.
A & M U.""What, Name of a tract of country near Madna.
-
***) Urayniyat, Name of a well.
 } 6O \\
a- - -- -

rj is, Desire, love, passion, lust. Avidity, avarice, cove at him. --> >3) He reaped the fruit of it. 95.3% 25 He

tousness. Name of a city. retired far from him. e; J and 95 9.5 ' The same.
rj' ar, From, of, for, by, out of, with. 3-x sex- \,-73 e; Ae: ; <\92 J925) He was en
He turned from him.

Inexperienced in the vicissitudes of fortune. 2) J j" or 57 j raged at him. J ex-33) & **) Je j' Draw out
or

llis, her or hers. J J' j" Their, theirs. j JW 5 From the tooth of hope, give up all hopes of it. -j He
thence, from that time. 5JW 5' Thy, thine. \a- J3 Thence, took the crow from him, i.e. he over-reached him. 92 s j
from that place. V J' j' Your, yours. & JW 5 Whose 2 He seized the palm from him, he wrested the victory from him :
V. J3 Our, ours. cr J My, mine. 95 se' 3' j' He 9; J The same. }-c C-: 23) Be not absent from that, i.e.
declared him free. U- e'; Hence, from this place. \- c Neglect it not. From him. Jj ere To give
(~~~ s or ~~~ J.' j') On this account. s- J.'
a thing up.
From this side or part. 44- c From all this. L- c --

A3) a Moving, removing, shaking, agitating. Burning, in

~~2
Henceforth. \} From above. *}} For, because of. flaming, lighting (a fire). Fire, flame. Exciting, stimulating,
&7 On account that. Jse (22 J, impelling.
p *> Rendering
s covetous. Accumulating,
e collecting.
g
or Js ') Obedience, hearty service. Cheerful. Accumu Charging with a crime. Force, value, power, strength. The
lated, treasured up. J- Jej" On their account. *- A 5' On motion or beating of the pulse. Pain from wounds or grief.
what account? Je Jej" In order to see. C- 243) On account The boiling, ebullition, or pouring out of water. Over-milking
of gain, j, Jej" In order for prayer, eye'." *j To fall a camel. Mixture, confusion. Coitus, congressus venereus.
P 57 az, Mastic.
into disgrace, misery, want; to retain no trace of former splen -

dour. Jj To be in an ecstasy, beside one's self. 392 j) A j' iza, Whatever tends to support life. A situation, or
J J To exceed bounds. L-3 From behind. --~23 place; also whatever is opposite to and corresponding with it, as
vl A To disclose one's secrets. To renounce the world. To a fountain-head to the well or reservoir into which the water
laugh. To attain one's object. L From before. --t-3 flows. . &\;\ Over against him. A canal, conduit, or pipe of

On account of, because. J2) *-j' How long since : How lead, wood, stone, leather, &c., which conveys water from the
many days? 2) *AA -3' (He is) his client and dependant. spring to the reservoir; also the mouth of the urn, water-course,
w-j To fall from the ass (met). To die. ex-j" Volun or conduit, from whence the water flows into a cistern, or pond.
tarily. J -* ex-3) To be absent, inattentive. -- j] A cause. A rock. A prop, a support, a stay. L ' The
Weak. A subject, a vassal. e-AA --~~} To exterminate, conveniencies of life. ~~ A; He who begins or supports a
to destroy, c-->e -o j' To escape from the world; battle. 2." A;" One who presides over, or attends to any
t die, & e-j" (or *** <-- j') In an ecstacy, beside business. JJ) *]; A steward or manager of an estate, &c.
one's self. A.T Jej" It came into his mind, it occurred to him, j}) <!e Name of a place.
he recollected. He did not succeed. 23 5' From afar. 5. 295] P ' asb, An unmarried man. A recruit.
Mutual, reciprocal, from both sides. uj syj) To carry or lead A 9) Asb, Name of a piece of water or well in Arabia.
out of the road, to seduce, deceive, ruin. c- <!-w) ~93 P J-W azabistan, New levies, in which none but unmarried
To consider attentively, c- e." ; 3) To commit a blunder in men are enrolled.

speaking. c- j) To dethrone. <) J-5 Rashly,
inconsiderately. J Jy * >3' To go quickly c-->3) uj"usv) Evils, difficult affairs. Velocities.
To risk one's life. --> 2-3) Off hand, without reflection.
c-j To seduce. To contradict, to give the lie. J J-5
To turn upside down. r-3) It dropped from his memory,
he neglected. L From that time; from him ; from them.
--- J --> * j' Is he on good terms with the king :
J * } To die. lrs c C-2-2 5) Sir, I want
"have one word with you. Je J J*j To fail in one's
schemes. ; 5) From below, eye, las; 3) To perish by fa
mine, c <--e j To give over an enterprise. (j
Whence? -- *3) Whence is it? Jy s; 3) To be squan
dered, lavished away. J &- 3 From what stock (art thou)?
*: From us. J&sje er Pardon my fault. e-- j' From
*g, * j, Anew, afresh, again. 99-29 ' He is offended
A J'; axably, (pl. of J a-biy) Ways of walking. (pl. of
a z' azaj, (pl. of zy azaj) Oblong edifices with arched roofs.
A 3-); izahat, (1v of j) Performing. Removing (any
thing from its place). Averting.
re' zd, Free, liberated, delivered, manumitted, exempt
ed. Noble, ingenuous, excellent, renowned, liberal. Innocent,
immaculate, harmless, sincere. White. A virgin. An ancho
ret. eff Free from care, disengaged from business.
J el To set at liberty, absolve, dismiss, allow to go away.
ej el To be liberated, dismissed, permitted to depart. 3r
clji The cedar, the tall cypress.
P WT elji zd-w, A manner of reciting the praises of God,
P c- e' zd-khalk, Mankind at large. Azd-khulk, Free
(men), unblemished in body or mind.
K
 \\
rle cff azad-dr, A species of beet-root.
P --> e' azad-dirakht, (The free tree) the poplar or
cypress-tree; so called, from Majnun, an Eastern lover, much
celebrated in their romances, having preserved one of those trees
from the hatchet of a gardener, because it resembled the beau
tiful shape of his mistress Layla. Also another tree, bearing
white or blue flowers, with black spots, and small fruit of a very
poisonous quality. In Georgia, where this tree abounds, they
call it likewise crej Jj, (The poison of the earth); and, from
this pernicious nature of its fruit, it has also obtained the name
of the Free Tree, because nobody will touch it. The lily. A
kind of fish. Name of a city.
P *** ej zd-kghizi, A letter of liberty, a charter.
P J zdagi, Manumission, freedom, independence.
P Jr e' zd-mardi, Liberty, freedom.
**:---jsd-mirah, Akind ofcake baked with almonds, &c.
Pye' zd-war, A tune. Name of a village famous for
fruit.
Pse' zdah, Free, without care. Perfect, intact, pure.
Excellent, noble. Venerable. The lily. The cypress. se' .92*
A noble, liberal, frank, distinguished man. se' 3 *- Easy
and free. G-c A-3 A se Free from the fetters of love.
Py- selji zdah-khirm, Easy, graceful in walking.
** *-j zdah-kh, Name of the wife of Tr.
p_\e se' zdah-dr, A boaster.
P <!- A sel asdah-gh-i-jmah, The place where a
piece of cloth is cut from the loom.
P se zd, Liberty. Freedom from worldly cares. Praise.
J se To eulogize.
r_ji zr, Trouble, disorder, affliction, sickness, disease,
grief, vexation, molestation, injury, outrage. Chiding, reproach
ing, teazing, affronting; importunity. Money, a drachma. Aft
e (or Jeyi) To molest, vex, rebuke, revile, censure,
quarrel, plague, torment, importune. JW2), a Injury and
reproof. e To be in trouble, to be sick. Aft e
Tormenting the soul; cruel, brutal. as; A The jaundice.
P Ajj izr, A veil of fine linen or muslin, which, in the East,
flows from the ladies' heads below the middle of the leg. A kind
of linen scarf, which is tied round the middle, when in the bath.
Any thing, in general, which covers the naked body. Trowsers,
drawers. The bottom of the sea. The skirts of a tent. Chastity.
A sheep. The sound by which the sheep are called to be milked.
P \ j" icar-band, The string of the drawers.
P & s L} izr-band, rishtah, Connexion through a
wife; petticoat interest.
P izr-pa, Breeches.
A 55) israt, A woman's veil.
A j)} izarat, (1v ofJ2j) Introducing a visitor.
***2); azrdam, A kind of pulse, or French bean.
66 3)
P Jy!
f izrdan, To hurt, injure, oppress, revile, importune.
- - -
P se_f asr-deh, Troublesome, injurious.
P ***_li azr-didah, One who has seen trouble. diary
P J-25 zr-rasn, Troublesome, riotous; an incendiary.
P 3-y j asr-rasdah, Vexed, distressed.
-
J957 -arish, Molestation, trouble, annoyance, uncme
P
A 3,57 Aisarikat, Name of a sect of heretics in the ut, de
clared and powerful enemies of the Muhammadan religion.
r x-y asr-mand, Sick, infirm.
**) i azrandah, Troublesome, injurious, seditious.
P
r f Asrd, Name of a country in Turkistan.
P ' asri, Trouble, affliction. Sick. Insolent.
re-p' azrdan, To molest, to afflict, to harass, to vex.
Ajji asz, The bubbling of a boiling pot, purling stream, &c.
P azzdam, A kind of pulse, a French bean.
A Jjj acazzl (or Jj asisil), Those angels which, ac
cording to Eastern belief, are placed nearest to the throne of God.
P :57 azagh, Anything whose inside is black and viscous.
a C-:":" Al azaghib, Name of a place in Arabia.
A s Asik, Name of a city on the Palus Meotis, called Azof
by the Europeans.
A J' azal, (pl. of J} azal) Eternities.
A J} Azl, Name of the metropolis of Arabia Felix, other
wise called Sanaa; also of its founder.
A -j izlat (or 45), (1v of Jj) Removing, driving
away, carrying off, ejecting. Erasing, obliterating, cutting off.
Causing to decline. (in gram.) The elision of a letter or vowel
point from a word.
A ' asm, (pl. of &sj' azamat) Gates.
A ); usm, A barren, scarce, severe year.
P<' --mand, A miser, a covetous person.
pJj' ** in, From him, from it, from thence, from that,
rej sn, Without honour, infamous.
Ars; azhir, (pl. of 3.25 ahrat) Flowers.
AJ-s azahik, Swiftness, fleetness.
PU2' zyish, An experiment, trial, proof; temptation.
A -jsib, (A camel) slender in the middle of the body.
*A -j" azaba, (fut. j Ja-zabu) (The water) flowed.
A 5. **b, Short and mean of stature, dwarfish, squat, con
temptible. Small-boned and at the same time corpulent. A
dwarf. Any thing horrible or monstrous. Azib, Illiberal, ig
noble. Pusillanimous. Tall, long.
--> ~5 azib hazib, A * ** *
frightful, monstrous man, -
* * *
A -j asabb, Hairy. Luxuriant (in grain, herbage, &c.).
A-93 asbab, (pl. of P) *ubb) Membra virilia. Beards.
Izbb, (1v of ** *abba) Being about to set (the sun).
A&j" asbat, Calamity, adversity. Penury, Barrenness.
* 23 as bar, (or *23) By heart. e-A23) To learn by heart.
*23 asbar, Broad-shouldered. Strong.
 >}
r}} asbas, (or 33 aspas) Ingenious, sagacious.
rvj as bas, Much, many.
A j asha', Exorbitance. Azby, A manner of walking.
Ushij, An evil, a great and difficult affair. Swiftness.
rj az bir, By heart, by rote, by memory.
Ay isbirr, (x1 of Aj) Standing on end (hair). Bris
tling up (a dog). Shooting forth (grass, hair, &c.). Baldness,
smoothness. Walking in the night (a dog, a camel).
#A z} azaja, (fut. ej ya-zuju) or azija, fut. ya-raju, He
hastened. He was dilatory, he failed.
A azaj, A kind of oblong arched edifice, like a portico.
t;" - Name of a street in Baghdd. Azij, Insolent, exceed
ing the bounds of mirth, petulant, impertinent.
A &j azajj, (A man) having long and narrow eye-brows.
(An ostrich) walking with long strides.
A |-} isja, (iv of 3-5) Driving, propelling.
A z ijaj, (1v of c) zaija) Putting a ferrule of iron on
the lower part of a spear.
Astl izjak, (1v of <<5) Being jaded (a horse, &c.).
A izjat, (pl. of +3) azaj) Oblong arched buildings.
**} azjuj, (pl. of zuij) Tips of the elbows. Ferrules
or rings of iron, brass, &c. at the lower ends of spears. Points
of arrows. Iron pivots, upon which mill-wheels turn round.
A J a;ja', More or most ready, skilful or expeditious.
Atj asah, Ah! alas! a sigh.
A i-hi, (1v of ~~3) Being fatigued (a beast of
burden). Dragging one leg after the other.
p tj zakh, A twig, a cutting, a slip.
1zukh, A led horse.
A wart, mole, spot or blemish on the face. See t; . An
empty or worm-eaten nut. Any thing which begins to corrupt.
"Jsj askhash, Lightning, a thunderbolt.
A Azd, Name of the father of an Arabian tribe.
A '' isda, (iv of 995) Acting equitably, deserving well.
P ~~} azdab, Beware :
Alj isdiba, (v111 of ) Taking up. Carrying off.
p +9) acdup, Take. Draw.
Aj. isdijr, (viii of 2-5) Driving away. Hindering.
Rebuking. Being driven away, beaten off.
A -9) izdih, (v111 of --j) Advancing. Falling.
A '-j izdiham, (v11.1 of
3) Flocking together. A con
ourse, press, throng, mob. F ---e. A concourse of people.
pJ asdar, Worthy, proper, suitable. Beautiful.
A ! isdir, (viii of y Scorn, contempt, disdain.
A 999; isdird, (viii of 95) Swallowing.
A {}} isdirt, (v111 of &_j) Sowing seed.
A i-diram, (v111 of j) Swallowing.
A ~}} azdarani, (dual) Shoulders, arms.
A *Jj ri. A-j-ayasribu biazdarayhi, He came empty.
* ~ ; as dast, Obedient, submissive. A subject.
r); --~~} as dust far (or }. <--93 az dast paz), Un
67 _
leavened bread, baked in thin cakes on lamina of iron or earth,
placed in a frying-pan. A tuft of hair on the fore-part of the
head. Letters patent conferring immunity from taxation.
A ----j) izditab, (v11.1 of -ej) Lifting, carrying. Rush
ing with impetuosity (a torrent).
r iej) azdaf (i-da or -395) aida), A species of small med
lar-tree and fruit. A black wild damask plum-tree and fruit.
A species of black eagle, called the hare-catcher.
A j izdifar, (v111 of J) Lifting and carrying a load.
A 33-5) izdif, (v11.1 of -j affa) Conducting or sending
a bride to the house of her husband.
A Jej" azdak (for Je- asdak), More or most sincere or true.
A c izdikam, (v11.1 of *5) Ingulphing. Swallowing.
A -l isdilaf, (v11.1 of j) Approaching. Encircling.
A Jsej) isdiml, (viii of Jj) Lifting, carrying.
A i:dimam, (v11.1 of zamma) Lifting, raising. Prowl
ing about in quest of prey (a wolf).
P J-95 azdami, Name of a certain animal.
"Je zdan, To sew. To prick with a needle. To dye.
PJ azdan, To run the point of a knife into any thing.
Puyl izdan, The oxyacanth-tree and fruit. The variegated
hare, falcon, or eagle.
rji azdu, The sweet gum of a tree, of a reddish colour,
with which confections are made. -59 3,957 Gum Arabic.
A z izdiwaj, (v11.1 z) Coupling, marrying.
P J azdudan, To polish, to free from rust.
P soft zdah (or soft jdah), Pierced full of holes. Stricken.
Dyed, coloured. Written in letters of gold. Empty, vacant.
Darkness, blindness. A compact building. The teeth of a saw.
A \sej" izdih, (v111 of >}) Despising. Lifting up.
A else; izdihd, (v11.1 of Abj) Despising. Being poor.
Ajse; izdihar, (v11.1 of Aj) Keeping any thing with care:
taking a pleasure in it. Commending, applauding.
A-3\sej) isdih, (vi of -isj) Carrying off. Losing.
Telling a lie. Throwing headlong. Hastening, dispatching.
A -j isdiyb, (viii of ~3) Walking fast. Drinking
much.
A 999; izdiyad, (v11.1 of Aj) Increase, accession, profit.
A j izdiyr, (VIII of J2.3) Visiting. Turning aside.
A J izdiyal, (v11.1 of Jj) Removing, causing to cease.
A e izdyn, (v111 of c, Being decked out.
Pji zar, Fire. Value, worth, price, power.
A 57 Azar, Name of Abraham's father. Name of a tract
of country in Khistn (Susiana). Name of an Idol. (A
horse) having white thighs with feet of a different colour. Fy!
A_j) ar, Strength, power. Debility, weakness. The back,
loins, waist. Corroboration, confirmation, strengthening. Assist
ing. Being girt about. Becoming strong, powerful. Turning
round, bringing back. Izr, A root, origin. Uzr, The middle,
K 2
 _j) G8
waist. Asar, Power, strength. Izar, A veil. Uzur, (pl. of
A} izr) Veils, inner garments which cover the naked body.
A93) izr, (1v of 593) Despising. Negligence, carelessness.
Ay) asrr, (pl. of j <irr) Buttons, buckles. Edges of
swords. Extremities of the thighs. The timbers into which
they insert the tops of the tent-poles. Expert in the care of
camels. Izrar, (tv of 23 zarra) Putting buttons to a garment.
A 395) izrf, (1v of -303) Purchasing a cameleopard.
Hastening. Driving. Propelling.
A <\,; Azrak, A man's name.
A 93) ispn, (1v of j) Causing a strangury.
r 99.5 Azarbd, Name of a philosopher.
A 5,37 zirat, (pl. of Aj izr) Inner garments, veils.
A 3.5" izrat, A veil, an apron. The mode of putting on a veil.
P Js-23' arrakhsh, Thunder, lightning, storm, tempest.
p 2j azard, Colour. Paint, dye.
p e-'93" azurdanidan, To make one injure another.
P Jji azurdagn, (pl. of 257 azurdah) Injured, afflicted.
p Je937 azurdagi, Grief, pain, affliction, uneasiness.
p Jji azurdan, To injure, molest, harass, disturb, vex,
trouble, offend, rebuke, reprove, reproach, disgust, afflict.
p sft zurdah, Afflicted, vexed, displeased, dispirited, re
buked. Sad, sorrowful, weary. e sft To injure.
r sj" azurdah-pusht, Galled in the back. Decrepit.
r)--- sft azurdah-khtir, Vexed, disgusted.
P J23 azark, A deceiver, a traitor. The mirror of Jamshed.
A P J azrak, Blue, blue-eyed. Pure, limpid. Beryl.
A Jj izrikk, (1x of J23) Being of a blue colour.
* Jx, J23 azrak-posh, Clothed in azure.
p 3) azarik, A goat.
P e asar-gun, Flame-coloured, yellow, bright, shining,
ruddy. The leaves of the myrtle.
rej asarm, Modesty, bashfulness, shame. Courtesy, re
spect, honour, civility, politeness, veneration, reverence, esteem.
Probity, honesty, equity, justice. Good habits. Conversion to
the Muhammadan faith. Error, sin. Gravity, greatness, de
cency. Unanimity. Favour, inclination. Commiseration, pity.
Ease, security. Excuse, defence. Custody, guard. Power,
strength. Demonstration, proving, clearness. Debating. Aver
sion, trouble. War, battle. Anger, wrath, violence.
- Pain,
sorrow, grief. Name of the daughter of Khusraw Parvez.
Asrum, Honour, esteem. Favour, inclination. e-'- ff
acrum dashtan, To honour, revere, respect, &c.
P a:ram, A kind of saddle-cloth.
A. j' azram, A cat.
P --~~~57 Azarmidukht, Name of the daughter of Khus
raw Parvz, who reigned four months. Name of a city.
* Jr-2ff isarmidan, To honour, to respect. To favour.
P -ff asrang, A cucumber. Adversity, misery.
s
A asatt, Having a crooked jaw, or cheek-bone. Having a
thin beard. Having a smooth chin, beardless.
A z i-taj, (1v of g) Picking off the ground.
A_\e; i-tar, (1v of rej) Having few hairs.
A jist, (iv of -iej) Killing any one on the spot.
A J i-tak, (1v of Gej) Terrifying. Salting meat too
much. Causing to cry aloud (whether from fear or joy).
A J i-tal, (1v of J3) Exhilirating. Quickening.
A i-tam, (1v of **) Exciting desire, alluring.
A ---> azaab, Of a short, squat, mean appearance.
Axe? askar, Having few hairs. A bare, barren spot.
A J a-takiy, Short, mean, and contemptible.
P {j azagh or ixugh, A slip, a cutting, a cion.
P #3 asgh, Black marrow. Corrupt, rotten. Mouldiness.
Hoariness. Froth. The inflation, or inspiration of an inchanter.
Azagh, Any thing lopped off, (as the prunings of vines, &c.).
Rust. Corrupt, rotten. An owl. A branch. A bud, a button.
A ~\; isghb, (1v of -3) Being covered with down (a
young bird). Beginning to run (a vine).
r_\;" isghar, Ignoble, vile. Avaricious. The oxyacanth-tree.
A s asghf (pl. of&#3 zaghfat) Coats of mail.
A J isghl, (1v of Jj) Flowing (blood from a wound).
Voiding (by stool or urine). Feeding (as a bird does her young).
P t asghich, Ivy, convolvulus.
-
P 3-33' azaghdah, Indignation, anger.
A 57 axi, (part.) Hastening, approaching.
>k A 5. azifa, (fut. 5% ya-zafu) He approached.
A 5. azaf (from 5) Approaching, hastening, coming
suddenly upon, surprising. Healing (a wound). Poverty,
misery. Azaff. (An ostrich) whose feathers stick close together.
Ajj asr, (pl. of ; sifr) Burdens, loads. Bottles or skins
(for holding oil, &c.). Crowds, troops.
A 335) isff, (1v of -35 -affa) Taking or sending a bride to
her husband's house accompanied by music.
A 357 zifat, (fem.) (Approaching) the day of judgment.
P 57 azuft, A kind of stone which imbibes water.
A 3.33) a;falat, (or asula') A crowd, a troop, a body.
Iillat, Alacrity, levity, lightness.
P A-5 asandak, (or <\ff djfandk) The rainbow.
A 35' usfu', Haste, expedition, celerity, alacrity.
AJ3 ack or azak, (from J}) Being troubled, distressed;
overpowered (in battle). Difficulty, distress, sorrow, poverty.
A Jj askk, (pl. of Uj zikk) Leathern bottles.
A c" iskm, (iv of 35 obsolete) Causing to swallow.
A J izkn, (1v of e5) Assisting (in carrying burdens).
A 333" asikkat, (pl. of J; zukk) Streets, squares, courts,
alleys. Narrow walks, or spaces between rows of palm-trees.
A (3) izka, (1v of J) Yielding abundantly (the earth).
Bestowing plenty (God).
A 3 izkat, (1v of --9) Filling (a leathern bottle).
 69
t as Krdar, An idle vagabond.
p J% 99 as krah kardan, To recall to mind. To write
a history.
.A izkm, (1v of *}) Giving a cold in the head.
t askn (or J ajgn), Grief, anguish.
A J% &kan, (1v ofe) Performing. Teaching. Guessing,
surmising, conjecturing the truth, hitting the nail on the head.
A. askan, One who judges very accurately.
AJ aska, Most pious or pure. Very ingenious,
w azkiy, (pl. of .# zaky) Good, just, virtuous, in
genuous. Possessing conveniencies, abounding in comforts.
re: asgt, Wicked, villainous, depraved.
ru.j isgil, The medlar-fruit and tree.
A.J.; as, (from J') Being inured to sorrow, conversant
with distress. Keeping back from pasture, tethering. Im
prisoning. Trouble, affliction, penury. Barrenness, scarcity.
l:l, A lie, a falsehood. A calamity, a misfortune, a bad omen.
Asal, Eternity (having no beginning, ' implying eternity
without end). J: J} Eternity and eternities, i. e. from
all eternity. Azil, Distressed, pinched. J} J} Extreme po
verty, the deepest distress.
A J} asall, (A wolf) lank about the legs and thighs.
A g islaj, (1v of &) Bolting the door.
A izlaf, (1v of ij) Bringing near. Carrying.
AJ) islak, (1v of J) Causing to slide. Looking grim.
Casting her young (a camel).
A.J.; islal, (1v of J; zalla) Causing to slide. Giving any
one his due. Conferring a favour.
s asln, (pl. of zalam) Lots, chances. Arrows with
out heads, which the Pagan Arabs made use of in drawing lots.
A-l islitbb, (iv of C-x} 0) Being multiplied. Re
pelling one another.
Avi; azlaf, One who has a small straight nose.
A '' uslam, (A sheep) having two excrescences on the throat.
(A camel) having one ear slit. ** Misfortune.
"J' cally, Eternal. God. Eternally.
* - A& asaliyat, Life everlasting, eternal existence.
**) islimn, (x1 of 5) Turning away the face in
*autaneously. Standing bolt upright. Being high noon.
*''' aim, (from l) Adhering (to a chief, friend, &c.).
Abiding or sticking fast (in a place). Brooding over, or me
"ilating deeply upon, any thing. Observing (what another
does). Seizing and holding (with the teeth). Cutting with
the teeth, a knife, sword, &c. Biting, champing (as a horse
*the bit). Shutting (a gate). Abstaining from, containing
"r commanding one's self. Compressing the lips together.
Twisting (a rope or thread). Unfavourableness, severity (of
of wood, which, being rubbed against one another, produce
rtune, or of a barren season). Extirpating, exhausting, de
sparks of fire. Elbows. P Name of a country.
rying (men, cattle, &c. during famine or other calamities).
c
A fashion of twisting or plaiting the hair. Eating, chewing.
Azam, Name of a place near Sirf, the most southern city in
Persia; and of another between Ahwaz and Ramhormuz, part
of the ancient Chaldea. Azim, Abstinent, continent. Barren,
disastrous (year). Izam, (pl. of &s; azmat) Pastures. Meals.
P asam, Progeny, offspring.
p f ixm, Skilled, experienced, tried.
A s izimt, (pl. of 3.57 asimat) Barren (years).
A &\ ism, (1v of 8-9) Applying diligently to, and per
severing in, any business. Design, purpose. Running (a hare).
Shooting forth rapidly, unfolding itself (a flower).
res azmn, (or e azmn) Repentance, regret, sor
row, grief, anguish. Je- e To devour grief, to repent.
A J asmn, (pl. of Jj samn) Times, seasons. Name
of a woman remarkable for her beauty. Ismn, (1v of er)
Enduring a long time. Delaying, procrastinating.
P Jji azmni, An experiment, proof, trial. See L.
Puy Left zmn dan, To regret, to grieve, to cause to regret.
P Js -myish, Experiment, assay, proof, trial.
P J smy, Experience, proof, test.
A & azmat, One meal, eating. Scarcity, dearth. Ismat,
Distress, calamity, scarceness. Azamat, A meal. A bad sea
son. A gate, a door.
P sers' azmurduh, Covetous. Lazy, tardy. Left, lost.
P rs; U-muzd, Name of the planet Jupiter.
A J azmal, Sound, murmur, confused noise. 4.9% J
ashshay-u bi azmulihi, The whole thing. -
A &le;) a:malat, Many, much. Universal.
A er a:mun, (pl. of c zaman) Times, seasons.
A &sj azminat, (pl. of J zamn) Times, ages. Places.
P A-35" az-mand, Desirous, covetous, greedy.
P ex axmudag, Experience. Jr U Inexperience.
*Jer azmudan, To try, prove, make an experiment.
r xer asmidah, Tried, proved, experienced. ser JS
kr-azmudah, Experienced in business.
A J izmaiel or uxmill, Bleating (as a goat).
P er azman, A proof, a trial, an experiment.
A 4.95 azimmah, (pl. of rj timan) Reins, bridles, halters.
Ayi izmihrr, (1v of Prj Q) Being red with anger. Aus
terity, grimness. Intenseness of cold. Twinkling (the stars).
P J Azmi and Azmi zdah, Proper names of men.
A J-9) izml, A shoe-maker's paring knife. A kind of pike
with which they hunt wild oxen. A mallet. Strong. Weak.
A -3' Izmim, Name of a place in Arabia.
P e azan, The elbow.
A s; izn-a, (1v of t) Causing one to fly for refuge.
A bj' asnad (or Aj) asnud), (pl. of Aj sand) Pokers. Pieces
 33)
A. e iznan, (iv of J zanna) Entertaining an opinion (fa
vourable or otherwise).
rj' Aznaw (or 3,93) Name of a district in Hamadan.
P ~} aznab, Displeasure, disgust.
P c azanj (or g axanch), A humour in the eye-lid, a sty.
P t' isankh, A pennant, a band-roll at the top of a spear.
P Jj azandan, To sew. To discover, to see plainly.
P sej zandah, Stitched. Rolled up, bound together.
P 357 azank, Marks, wrinkles in the face.
T *$3) Iznikmid, Nicomedia, capital of Bythinia.
A aznam, (A camel) having the ear slit.
P & 51 azanah, Any thing disposed in order.
A azaniy, The spear of a king named ey. 33 il yazan,
who formerly reigned in rs. Khamir.
Pj azu, The grinders; the canine teeth or fangs; tusks.
p >3' axi, or az, From him.
A \,; azw, (pl. of Jj zayy) Garments, vestures.
A z azwaj, (pl. of gj zavj) Pairs, couples. Spouses.
A Jj azicl, (pl. of Jj zawl) Elegant, ingenious (youths).
Nimble, active (in walking). Powerful, strenuous. Wonder
ful. Wonders. Pudenda virorum.
P ft azicy, A species of black, bitter Indian earth, which
draws the noxious humours from sores and swellings.
A c azuh, Restive. One who fails in, or departs from, acts
of liberality. t;" c Sordid, avaricious. Uzuh (from c'),
Contracting one's self. Delaying, failing, being deficient. Stum
bling, slipping, sliding. Beating, (as the pulse).
P eji asud, Intelligent, clear-sighted, acute.
r_257 az-war or azur, Avaricious, covetous. Lewd.
A 23) acroar, An army. - A -j' atyab, Alacrity. Cheerful. Terror, tremor. Much
Ay2} izwirr, (1x of 23) Turning aside, shunning.
A 5,2} axwirat, (pl. of Mj ziwr) Ropes, straps, girths.
A 923 azwird, The lote-tree.
A J axwash, Proud.
p j zugh, The prunings or loppings of trees.
A 3' usif (from 5), Approaching, hastening.
P 43,37 azukah, (or &j) Provisions, victuals.
A 23) azum, Adhering,
attached (to any person or thing).
Champing the bit (a horse). Hard, severe, adverse. Barren,
scarce (year). Uzum (from ^j}) Adhesion, cohesion.
Aj. izwrr, (x1 of J2j) Receding, turning aside.
Aft azah (or sf jah), Lime, clay, plaster, mortar.
p
A \8;" izh, (1v of 385) Ripening a (date). Rendering proud.
Blowing (the wind). subj" L m azhhu, How proud he is:
A els;" i.hd, (1v of Abj) Conjecturing, estimating by guess
(a crop of corn while growing). Rating low. Being poor.
Ajj ashr, (pl. of 5,5; 2dhrat) Flowers. P &-e Jj A
nosegay, a bunch of flowers. Several literary works bear the
title of Jj azhr, in the following manner; 3 e) j
c Jl (The flowers of two gardens, in the history of two
70 -
kingdoms) the history of the two royal families of Nurud din
and Salhu'd din (or Saladin), the famous sultns of Egypt in
the time of the crusades. Ishr, (1v of J) Lighting a lamp.
Shining. Flowering, blossoming. -
A jus;" ishf, (1v of ~s) Telling a lie. Causing to make
haste. Throwing (his rider, a horse). Carrying off. Destroying.
A Jj) ishk, (1v of Gj) Shooting an arrow beyond the
mark. Filling (a cup). Dissipating, destroying. Getting the
saddle on his neck (a horse).
AA; azhar, White, bright, brilliant, splendid, shining, clear,
evident. The moon. A wild cow.
P "Aj Azharak, Name of the usurper Zuhk.
A JA, asharni, The sun and moon. The wild cow. Name
of Ftima daughter of Muhammad.
A -ff aci, Wehement, excessively warm, sultry. (A camel)
drinking at the canal which conveys the water into the cistern or
pond: when he drinks at the cistern he is called , is takir.
A asy or icy, (from ') Being placed at, applied to,com
prehended in. Being contracted, shrunk. Studying to over
reach, circumvent, deceive, or betray. Distressing, oppressing.
A asya, (pl. of s5 sayy) Habits, garments. Death, fate.
A_\}) asyr, (pl. of 23 sir) Those who delight in the com
pany and conversation of women. The smallest strings of a lute
or harp. The most acute tones on a musical instrument. Thin
silk or muslin threads twisted together. Linens.
A j" asy, (pl. of #3 say) Clipt or bad monies.
A e isyn, (1v of e) Being adorned with plants (the
earth).
Auj issiyn, (v111 of e) Being decorated.
water. A putative or adopted son, a bastard. The south-east
wind. The south wind. Az7b, Long, tall.
P e-ff acidan, (See Jeff) To injure, grieve, molest.
* Aji azir, Intelligent (See Aj"), Trouble (See A57).
rj' azr (for yj zr), Because.
*Aj' azirah, A mattock, a beetle, a smith's hammer.
P
rej' axiridan, To afflict. To draw.
A}} aziz, A thundering, crashing, rumbling, dreadful noise.
Thunder. The sound proceeding from the clapper and other
machinery of a mill. The bubbling of a boiling cauldron. The
rushing of water. The noise made by the wind in the bowels.
Frigid. Coldness. Wehemence, rapidity of motion.
P Lj az7sh, From him.
A s uzayt, A sign, ensign, standard. A proper name:
r j| iz7gh, Aversion, indignation. A species of hops.
The covering of a saddle. A malady arising from melancholy.
Tired of any thing, chagrined, loathing.
P $ azigh, Perception, recollection.
A a: yam, (A camel) having no voice.
A *} azim, A mountain situated in the midst of a plain.
 )
A.
*4; axinah (or <57 jinah), A hammer, a mallet, a
beetle. A small file. A beating, a stamping. Pulsation.
tooth shed (by an elephantor other animal). A rose-water-phial.
ff j, Ingenious, learned. Abstinent. Rest, ease.
ff jakh, A wart or mole on the skin. A cutting, slip, or
twig of a vine, a paring. Blearedness, lippitude.
p ajdar, A dragon. An oppressor. Name of the usurper
and tyrant Zuhk. The top of a standard.
r ajdarh, A dragon. A strong, brave man. A tyrant.
A standard. Armorial bearings.
r_jj jda, A wild plum. A black eagle.
p *S widun, A kind of felt-cloth usually put under saddles.
Pe affadan, A species of variegated eagle. To sew, to
pierce. To shave. To smooth a mill-stone. To tinge, to dye.
rej aidan, A medlar-tree. An eagle.
r Ajdank, Name of a demon.
r ff jdah, Perforated. Cut. A drinking vessel moulded
in the form of an animal. The polishing of a mill-stone.
t aidah, A dragon. <<!: (The dragon of the
sky) Name of a constellation.
"J- s ajdah-sarn, Having heads like dragons.
"J'aidahifush ("sej or Jj'), (Resembling a
dragon) Name of a king of Persia. A kind of cancer by
*
which the tyrant Zuhk was tormented between the shoulders.
p ajdahm, The variegated eagle.
f Ajrang, Name of a giant.
P jugh (See {j'). Ajugh, A kind of date. A leaf.
The prunings of a vine.
*J% aikn, Sadness, melancholy.
*J ajkil, The medlar-tree and fruit.
p * agan (or J ajkan), A lopping from a vine or palm.
Lazy, indolent, dull, sluggish, trifling. Indolence, ignorance,
unskilfulness, Fiction, dissimulation. Ajgan, Lattices, blinds.
Wigahn, See the foregoing; also lazy, vain, false.
p J ajgil or iigil, The medlar-tree.
Fuji jan, An iron instrument for polishing a mill-stone.
Anything pierced with a needle.
'37 junj, Rheums, or gummy substances about the eyes.
raft jand, (or sft jandah) Plaster, mortar, parget, ce
ment. A plastered wall, an incrustation. Crooked, bent. Muf
fled up. The fastening or mending of anything broken. De
ruction, murdering. A wrinkle, frown. A plait. More.
"Jji jandinidan, To cause to sew, or prick with a
needle,
"sft Ajandak, Name of a demon.
*JAft jandan or jundan, To prick, pierce, dig. To sew
hem, file, or join any thing together (particularly with gold
"read). Tofold, plait, envelop, by sewing. To polish smooth
*** file. To understand.
l C-)
r sft ajandah, Bruised, broken small, brayed. Bored
A through, perforated, pierced. Dug out, hollowed, excavated.
re, Ai ajandidan, To plaster (an edifice).
p <<57 ajank, A wrinkle, frown, knitting or contraction of
the brows (either from age or anger). Hatred, malevolence,
disdain, anger, rage. An image.
P aft affanah, Spreading a table-cloth. A fore-tooth. A
loose, hanging or fallen-out tooth. Ajnah, An instrument for
polishing a mill-stone. A grinder, a back-tooth.
reje ff (Janah kardan, To spread a table.
re affnayn, A chameleon.
r_j' j-war, Covetous. Ajar (or 257 sr), Ingenious,
learned, docile, tractable, perfect. Lazy, remiss, negligent.
p .2 jugh, Rust. Mouldiness. Hoariness. Froth. Slips.
P &ff ajanah, Contrary, inversely.
p "P ajhirk, A kind of cancer which tormented Zuhk.
P Jji jhan, (or e") Lazy, indolent. A vain trifling thing.
P & aiynah, A marble pavement.
P tff Ajikh, Gummy exsudations from the eyes.
P Jj ajidan, To prick with a needle.
r Jj jididan, To bring to a sound mind.
PAft jir, (or 257 zr) Intelligent, learned, ingenious,
docile, tractable, penetrating, acute, clever, shrewd, cunning,
sly. Swift, active. A kettle, a pot. The ebullition or boiling
of a pot. The noise made by blowing the nose, or in making
water. Pious, devout. Chaste, modest. A virgin. A lake,
a pool, a ditch. Victory, conquest. A cry, a shout. Abun
dance, surplus. Preparation, arrangement.
P ft Ajirak, Name of a place. A shout, a cry.
rejj jridan, To cry aloud. To appear wise and in
telligent. To prepare, to arrange, to dispose in order.
P 457 ajinah, A hammer, a mallet. See 457 azznah.
r J-1 as, A mill-stone. Ground corn. Soft, tender. The
ermine. A camel who has lost his hair, A bow, Name of a
village in Persia.
A U-1 as, The myrtle. Cinders or ashes remaining in a fire
place. Honey; what remains in the hive. The ruins or re
mains of a dwelling. The residue of any thing in general. A
tomb. A companion, an associate. J-7 The wild myrtle.
P L- as, Hairy, bearded, (like ears of corn). Pointed (like
fish-bones). Yawning, stretching.
A L- as or is, A word used in driving of sheep. Us, A sound
which frightens and renders serpents submissive.
P U- us, A blow, a box on the ear. Name of a planet. (cAst.)
A J- ass, (from J- assa) Driving or checking sheep by
crying is is. Spoiling, marring. Ass, iss, or uss, A founda
tion, a basis. The beginning of any thing. The earliest age,
eternity. The trace or vestige of any thing. The back parts
of the head. Peculation. Causes, motives. Associating with,
 \-)
becoming familiar. Uss, Ashes remaining in a fire-place. The
heart of man (as being the foundation of life).
p f as, Manner, rule. Embellishment, decoration. Re
werence, sternness. Authority, majesty. Quiet, tranquillity.
Gaping, yawning, stretching. e- \-T is kashidan, To
yawn. Pacifying, soothing: as, Li C3) rh-s, Soothing the
mind. Like, resembling : as, -" r mard-s, Manly, like a
man. Li J mushk-si, Like musk, odoriferous.
A-T is, Sadness, sorrow, heaviness of heart.
A \ asi, (from 3-) Curing, healing. Composing differ
ences, making peace. Leaving remains (of meat, &c.). Isa,
A medicine, a remedy. (pl. of J-7 as?) Physicians.
A --' as-at and is-at, An offence, a crime, a sin.
A --T sab, (pl. of --- isb) Fundaments. The hairs
which grow about the fundament and genitals. Pubes.
A Ji asbil, (pl. of Ja-) istabl) Stables.
AJ"- asby, (pl. of $."" isb-at) Streams or ducts of
blood.
A s" asbit, (pl. of 8:- usbt) Weeks.
A 3-) usat, (pl. of J-" as?) Physicians, surgeons.
A $3.1 astizat (or &l-' asitis), (pl. of 3-) usts) Mas
ters. s $35". Persian doctors or wise men.
Ax~! asatir, (pl. of A- istr) Coins worth about 2s. 4d.
Weights of 4% drams. Fours.
A e- astin, Columns. (See ex-).
A s-- asjit, (pl of ss saja) Rhimes, cadences. Coo
ings of turtles. 4], s-- Nuptial or festive verses.
A e-T sd, (pl. of ~) asad) Lions.
A 2'-' Assad, A tribe of Arabians famous for their valour.
a $3." isdat or usadat (for se-, wis adat), A cushion, a
pillow. (1v of ex-), Begetting a prince. Bringing forth black
children.
A s." Assdly, One of the tribe of Assd. Also the sur
name of a famous Persian poet, who was master to the great
Firdusi, the Homer of Persia, to whom he suggested the design
of the &W su Shh-nmah, which comprehends the history of
the ancient kings of Persia, in 60,000 couplets. Assadly died
about the beginning of the eleventh century.
Aj. as-r, (pl. of 25- su-r) The remains after a meal, of
whatever is gnawed or bitten.
A_\- is ar (from >), Binding with chains, taking prisoner.
Captivity. A chain, a fetter, a ligament.
A j-" israt, A leathern belt or girdle.
G. J.5j\- asrn, (Avagow) Wild spikenard, asarum.
p *A-T srah, Computation, calculation.
A r'- asra' or usara, (pl ofJ- asir) Captives, prisoners.
A.J.J- asrir, (pl. of , sirr.) The lines or lineaments in the
face or hands.
A t- asrz, (pl. of #2, usrat) Worms found in sand;
also another species propagated among pot-herbs. Shoots, or
7.)
/* -)
herbs, which grow from the roots and trunks of trees. Nerves,
of which they made bow-strings. Various lines marking the
skin of a horse. Lines or grooves on bows. Sugar-canes just
taking root, which they eat green. -
J.-- asas, A foundation, a basis, a pedestal. co!' J--
A
(Foundation of discourse) An Arabic grammar so called. U--
-l-' (Foundation of rule) A book on political government.
Isas, (pl. of J- ass) Foundations.
A --' asisit, (pl. of J- ass) Foundations.
A -- issat, (1v of U-5-) Appointing a governor. Being
affected by the weevil (corn), by the tike (sheep).
A ;-- assana, A kind of wild strawberry.
r &\-" assah (or is asah), An amorous glance. Understand
ing, intellect. Revision, retrospect.
A *- as atim, (pl. of Lla-A ustumm) Domestics, relations.
Seas.
AJ-astr, (pl. of $932-) usturat) Fables, romances.
c- asatirul airicalina, The fables of the ancients.
c- as atn, (pl. of &\la- ustuwanah) Columns. Princes.
A
A ----' iseat, (iv of &:-) Losing. Destroying. Letting
loose, sending camels grazing at random without a pastor.
A & is aghat, (1v of :-) Going easily down the throat
(wine). Giving rest.
A 3-' As, Name of an ancient idol worshipped by the
Kuraysh tribe of pagan Arabians; every tribe, and even every
family, having one which they particularly adored. Name of
an extraordinary man, who, according to Eastern tradition, was
grand vazir to Solomon. He is said to have obtained from God
the highest degree of perfection which human nature could pos
sess, and is therefore constantly proposed by the Musulmns as a
model of excellence.
A 3-) is, (usuf, or 3'-' usfat), Thin light soil, barren,
producing nothing.
A ...] Assi, Name of the author of &= & yanbutu 'l
hikmat, (Fountain of wisdom) translated from Arabic into Per
sian, under the title of 6-d-' Assf-nmah.
A 3-' asifat, Grief, pain. Servitude, clientship. Name of
an Arabian tribe. Isfat, (iv of s-) Losing one's sheep by
murrain. Patiently enduring misfortune. Boring pearls.
* J;" L-7 as-afjn, An instrument for polishing a mill-stone.
A J3-' asifil, (pl. of J. asal) The inferiors, the lower
class, the most infamous, the canaille. J-l 5 J High and
low, all ranks. U-9 J3'-' The lowest of mankind.
A $." Assii, The city of Safi in Morocco.
A 33- is akat, (1v of J5) Causing to drive. Giving (camels)
to be driven.
A -- aski, (pl. of -- uskuf) Bishops.
A J- aski, (pl. of Wi-sik) Bottles (for wine, water, &c.),
also those in which they churn milk. Clouds full of rain.
 -)
All askiat, (pl. of -3%-" iskf) Shoe-makers. Handi
craftsmen.
p J-7 asl, A foundation, a basis. An edifice.
A J-7 asl, Manners, conditions. Signs, marks.
A Ju is-l, (1v of J) Granting a request.
A J asilat, (from J-1) Projecting (cheeks or jaw-bones).
A J islat, (iv of J-) Diffusing, causing to flow.
A. J." Assali, An Arabian surname.
A --- aslb, (pl. of -- uslimb) Modes, manners, ways.
Parts of doctrine or of knowledge. Lions' necks. --~&
--- c-; Letters in the way of congratulation.
AJ." asik, The parts adjacent to the palate, the tonsils.
ge- asiliyn, (Xiaow) Parsley.
A l- asm, (pl. of - ism for > sumw) Names.
A 3... asmat, A lion. " cr V- ajra-a min as amat,
Bolder than a lion. Ismat, (1v of ^:-) Sending to graze.
A t- asimia, (pl. of 8- same) Ears, hearing.
a 4..." asamah (for J.-- asami), (pl. of - ism) Names.
A catalogue, a list, a muster-roll. A woman's name.
A s- asmi, (pl. of - ism) Names. A A dependant, a
client. A tenant, a renter. A. debtor; the defendant of a suit.
Office, place, appointment. The substitution of one for another.
rv-A-" asmis, Wild camomile.
P J-7 sn, Easy, convenient, commodious. Threads, strings.
AJ-7 sn-gir, Easy of access, courteous, affable.
A J-7 sn, (pl. of e- usun) Dispositions, tempers, man
ners modes of living. Ropes.
AJ-' as-n (or e);-) astrn), Sad, mournful.
rl." sn, Facility, ease. Repose, sleep.
A*- asanid, (pl. of eu- isnd) Allegations on the au
thority of another. Imputations, attributes.
*Ji asanidan, To facilitate, to expedite.
A- usical, Medicine, the medical art. Remedy, cure.
A * asavid, (pl. of e;-) aswad) Large black serpents.
(pl. of *}- sawd) Bodies. Names of certain hills in Arabia.
Aj asaitir (or j asivirat), (pl. of M- siwr) Brace
ets,
* -- asri, (pl. of 3.7 asiyat) Female surgeons, who
circumcise girls. Large pillars. Safeguards, garrisons.
p --" sy (for f as), Like, resembling. Ease, quiet.
w-lasiy, (pl. of 3-7 isiyat) Sad, mournful (women).
"J asyndan, To give rest. To praise. To lift up.
Aji- asi-ir, (pl. of ; s-ir) Parts. Others.
"J-f sayish, Fase, quiet, rest, peace, repose, leisure.
Jsu- To enjoy tranquillity. To abide, dwell, stop, stay.
**- sayish-kadah, A place of rest.
Ae- asayin, (pl. of &- asinat) Hardnesses. Strong bow
rings. Thongs of leather, of which, twisted together, they
make bridles.
73 ~~)
A ex- asyn (or e- asynn), Sad, mournful, melan
choly, anxioms (men).
P c-f syidun, To rest, to cease.
P --" sib, An endeavour, an effort. A nail, a claw, a hoof.
r - asb (or ~~ asp); (s stra, A horse. J ~~~
The hippopotamus. 29 Jr. .-- A swift horse. ~~
ci- A war-horse. << 2--- A white or grey horse. A
slender horse, delicately formed. Jr- .-- A restive horse.
J --~~! A led horse. --), --- A horse and his furni
ture or baggage. e-le ej}: --~" To win (at chess).
A --- isb, The fundament, pubes, and the hair growing
around those parts.
r - isab, An excrescence on the body.
A c-au-lisb-at, A duct, a stream of blood.
A -- asbb, (pl. of sabab) Causes, motives, argu
ments, reasons, incentives, stimulatives. Modes, ways, manners,
means. Instruments, utensils, apparatus. Cloths, apparel, effects,
moveables, goods, chattels, furniture. . ,--- Necessaries,
provisions, preparations for travelling. <x_c --- The means
of living. &- .-- Baggage, necessaries for travelling.
J}">'' --" (Causes of the arrivals from heaven) Name of a
work, showing the causes for which each verse of the Kurn
was sent from heaven. P <--- Military stores.
A -- isbt, (iv of e-) Resting. Keeping a sabbath.
A 2'-' asbd, (pl. of ~ sibd) Rogues, thieves. Wolves.
A j-) asbr, (pl. of r- sibr or sabr) Forms. Origins, roots.
Colours. Beauties.
Ak-' asbt, (pl. ofa-sib) Tribes, distinct bodies. The
tribes of Israel. k-' 2 <!, Sons and kindred.
A &\- asbt, (pl. of 8- sible) (Camels) enduring thirst for
seven days. (pl. of s- sabt) Seventh parts. Isbt, (1v of
8-) Completing the number seven. Having camels which
drink on the seventh day. Making havock amongst the flock
(a wolf). Feeding upon, or serving up, the flesh of wild beasts.
Giving a child to nurse. Dismissing, setting at liberty.
A $- isbgh, (1v of 8-) Completing. Loading with benefits.
Putting on an ample coat of mail.
P e --- asb-afgun, A horseman who charges the enemy.
A J- asbk, (pl. of C- sabak) Pledges, wagers.
A J-) asbl, (pl. of J- sabal) Rains. Ears of corn. Rims
of water-buckets. Isbl, (1v of J-) Letting down (drawers).
Raining copiously. Weeping profusely. Coming into ear (corn).
P e-T as-ban, A miller.
A e- asbn, (pl. of c- sabn) Thin coifs or hoods. Isbn,
(1v of J-) Putting on a veil worn by the women of Baghdd.
pr- Asbnbur, Name of a city founded by Nushirwn.
rj --- asb-angz, A spur.
P & G!) Asbnikat, Name of a city and river in Turkistan.
P su-lisbh (or s- isph), A large army. A dog.
A --- asbut, (pl. of c-sabt) Drowsinesses. Failings in
L
Wa
r 7 r- isparm-ab, Warm water medicinally prepared
ets
for washing the bodies of sick persons. An embrocation.
P <&- Isparang, Name of a city near Samarcand.

the ex- isparud, A species of aquatic bird.

P

*jr- Ispuruz, Name of the peak of a celebrated mountain.

P r- ispari, Complete, perfect, entire, whole. Perfection,
completion. J r-, To be complete, to be finished.
s a P vx- asparis, (2x- aspariz, or Jr- asparish), A
course, a running-place for horses. Complete, entire.
P v- uspus, A louse. A small worm.
P --~~ uspust, Trefoil, clover, Burgundian hay.
P J- ispaghul (or ex- ispaghn), Seed of flea-wort,
or plantain. The water-lily. Glue.
P *-aspalanj, Goats' beard (a plant).
G t:- aspanakh, (Xrvxia) Spinage.

P *:- aspand (or x~ sipand), Name of a seed. Wild rue,

which they burn at marriages to drive away evil spirits.

*A*- ispandar, A wax-light. Name of the son of Kishtsb.
re r x~~) ispundarmad, The earth. Name of the twelfth
month of the Persian year; also the fifth day of each month.
P e'er- ispandan, Seed of cresses. Mustard-seed.
r -- uspust (or L:-), The last month of autumn.
P &- aspah, A colt, a horse rising two years old.
Pe-) Ispahn, The capital of Persian Irk (ancient Parthia).
P *-i- aspahbad, A prince (chiefly in Tabaristn). Ispahbad,
A general, a commander-in-chief.
in. P s- *-i- ispahbad khurah, A rational animal.
P -*- Ispijab, Name of a city in Turkistan. -

P *:- isped, (9:- or 9-) White, colourless.

*A*- ispdar, A species of willow.
P **~! ispd-ba, A kind of broth made of the juice and small
pieces of meat, together with spinage, flour, vinegar, &c.
P r Isped-rud, Name of a city in Azarbjn.
An rjr- ispd-kr, A worker in tin, a tinman.
P J- aspil, A horse-stealer.
P J- ispayash (or ex-) ispayn), Indigestion. Ispi
ysh, Seed of flea-wort. A vine-leaf.
r ist (for a T st), Praise, commendation.
r - ast, Is (from eye; to be). He willeth, he seeketh.
p -- ist, Stand thou. A cause. Praise. The anus.
A c-- ist, The backside, anus, fundament. --- Per podi
cem | Ist (for U- iss), The former or earlier ages, eternity.
AA) <-- J From the beginning of time, for ever, in every
age. ) - Sorrow, trouble, a bad omen or portent, a hor
rible thing. ej) <-- A desert.
p :-) ust (for U- usta), Name of one of the books of Zar
fs, dusht. Rejection. The back. The thigh. The prominent
part of the buttocks.
p :-) Ast, Name of a fortress in the country of Rustamdr.

* -listi, Supine, lying on the back. Naked. Ruinous, or
falling (a wall). Praising ; an encomiast.
Al-list, (iv of - not in use) Fitting the warp to the
loom. Being languid (a she-camel).
r|...] Ust (Avast or Abasta), A commentary or traditional
supplement to two books, which contain the principles of the re
ligion of the Magi or worshippers of fire in Persia; the first
called 3and (the book of life), the other Pzand (the principle
of the book of life); all of them attributed to Abraham or Zar
dusht (the ancient Zoraster), and written in the Pahlavi or an
cient Persian language, which has some analogy with the Chal
daic. Abraham, they say, is called Zardusht or Azardust (the
friend of fire), because being thrown into a fiery furnace by or
der of Nimrod, he sung the verses of the Avast from amidst
the flames. A master, a teacher. Name of a fortress.
A c-listt, (pl. of c-" ist) Buttocks, fundaments.
A g- istaj (or t- istij), That on which thread is wound
by the fingers for weaving.
rt- istkh, Agreen branch. A bucket, an urn, a drink
ing-vessel. Name of a fabulous animal. Ustkh, Impudent,
audacious, unblushing, insolent, bold. See c-gustkh.
rl ustd (or 3.) ustz), A master, teacher, tutor. An
artificer, manufacturer, an artizan. Ingenious, excellent, cele
brated, famed for any art or work of ingenuity. a 2
J-f The planet Jupiter.
rele- istdnidan (and exile- istdndan), To
make to stand, to constitute, to establish, to fix.
plt-listdagi, Stability. Resistance. Ustdg, A trade.
P J- istdan, To stand, to stop, to dwell.
r c-listdah, Standing; set up, erected. A pole. An en
sign-staff. A prop for supporting the door of a tent.
r sea ustdi (or ss- ustz), An art, trade, workinan
ship. e; Jou. To work, to exercise any art or trade.
AJS.- ustzna, (Arabic pl. of J.) ustz) Masters.
*A*- astr (or P- astar), Lining. (s 3Tzaar) A mule.
Aj- astr, (pl. of A- sitr and 52- sutrat) Such things as
afford covering or protection, as shields, walls, breast-works,
out-works, veils, hangings, &c. before tents. Istr, Four. A
coin worth about 2s. 4d. A weight of 6% drams.
r- istrjah, (4-/-) or Uj s-), A spark of fire. thority, insisting upon a thing being done. Obstinacy.
r- istrah, A star. A canopy. A geometrical rule by
which right lines are drawn. A kind of guitar with three strings.
Name of a country, and of a fortress in the Dakhan.
A 9-l Istarah, Name of a place.
* Aj- istzandah, A book ascribed to Abraham the pa
triarch (Zoroaster). (See a usta above).
Je-listil, (Xrapw) A grape.
*u-- istks, (Arank) A kind of long sea-crab.
**-listk, A cutting, a slip of a vine.
pA- ustagar (orA- ustkar), A master, a skilful artist.
75 <--)
P *u- stm, A bridle embossed with gold and silver.
P *- ustm, Faith, confidence. Anything to which one
can trust; a confidant, a prop, a column. A prince, a patron.
P c-f sitn or stn, A shoe-maker. Lying supine. Ta
king a person's horoscope. A threshold, an entrance. A king's
court, a royal palace, the Ottoman Porte. The tombs of pro
phets, and other holy men. e---> e-f To exalt, to elevate.
To be ruined. So- J-7 The palace of felicity. J-f
Je The Sublime Porte, the court of high dignity. J-f
*** (or L.; s-T). (The threshold of annihilation) The world.
Death. e'9; J- (or eye; e-), The revolving heavens.
e- astn, A place of rest. A mandrake. Istn, (in
P
comp.) A collection; as, e- t- khurma-istn, A grove of
date-trees.
A e- astn, Roots of old trees.
P J---T sitn-bosi, Kissing the threshold.
T J.-- Istmbul, Constantinople.
P ex- istndan (or Ju- istndan), To constitute,
set up, establish. To bring forth. To take, receive, accept.
r &u-T sitnah, A threshold. ele; s-T The heavens.
p Ju-T asitni, Belonging to a hall, or court.
P J-- astnidan, To keep back, to prevent going.
A s- isth, (pl. of c-" ist, for & satah) Buttocks.
A $."- istib-at, (x of ) Preparing a habitation. Reta
liating.
A 3-- istibahat, (x of c) Deeming to be lawful. Per
mitting one to pursue his own inclinations. Extirpating.
A ju- istibrat, (x of 23.) Trying, proving.
A 3-t- istibtat, (x of s) Exposing to sale. Wishing to
sell. Asking to sell.
A J- istibk, (v11.1 of G-) Taking the lead. Contending
for superiority. Studying to excel.
A c-)istibk, (v111 of -) Making tooth-picks.
P J- istabn, Seed of the wild rue.
A &\-" istibnat, (x of Jr.), Being evident. Knowing, un
derstanding, having a distinct perception.
A c-" istibdad, (x of a badda) Being alone in any busi
mess. Absolute dominion, despotism, usurpation of absolute au
A t- istibda, (x of **) Esteeming as new or strange.
Producing something novel.
A JA-) istibdl, (x of JA) Changing, desiring to change.
Accepting a substitute. P J% J'A-" To change, exchange.
fr- istabir, Great, thick, big, gross. A weight of 4000
drams. A weight of 6% drams.
a y-) istibra-a, (x ofy.) Longing to be discharged from
prison or debt. Wiping one's self after washing. Purifying
after the menses. Getting rid (of any business). Abstaining
(from conjugal intercourse). Reaching the end of a month.
L 2
 --)
Ay:- istibrz, (x of 32) Causing to come out. Pro
voking. P Jy- To produce. To challenge.
A J.-- istabrak, A kind of thick changing-coloured satin.
A Jr- istabrakiy, Satin, made of satin.
AJ- istibsr, (x of ,-) Promptitude, readiness.
A JU-Vistibsl, (x of J-) Exposing one's self to danger.
Killing.
AA- istibshr, (x of ,-) Rejoicing at, or announcing
good news.Instructing, teaching.
A F- istibshit, (x of s-) Considering as nauseous, un
wholesome, or unsuitable. Turning out badly, yielding no profit.
A_\a- istibsr, (x of ra) Considering with attention, exa
mining, scrutinizing. Being clear-sighted, discerning.
A &\i- istibzt, (x, of s-i:) Sorting out goods for sale.
A "la--) istibt-a, (x of a) Delaying. Thinking one slow.
A c- istibth, (x of *) Spreading over a plain.
A J*- istibtan, (x ofe) Studying to conceal. Concealing.
A c- istibad, (x of Ax) Thinking one to be at a dis
tance. Wishing to be afar off. Retiring, withdrawing.
A Jr- istibl, (x of J) Becoming a husband. Becom
ing a wife. Thriving (a palm-tree) without artificial irrigation.
A \-" istibgha, (x of J) Wishing, seeking, longing for.
A\i- istibk, (x of J) Preserving alive. Blushing.
A K- istibk, (x of J) Moving, bringing tears.
A J}~ istibll, (x of J. balla) Recovering health.
A z- istibhaj, (x of **) Rejoicing.
A Ji- istibhl, (x of J) Milking (a camel), having un
loosed a piece of wood by which the teats were confined. Al
lowing the people to live as they please (a governor). Afford
ing refuge to those who choose to be without controul (a desert).
A c- istibham, (x of *!) Being obscure and ambi
guous. Being dumb. Appearing as a barbarian.
A 3.0-listitbat, (x of <-2;) Inducing to repent.
Aja-) istitr, (v111 of 2-) Being hid. Concealing one's self.
A -- istitsat, (x of L-3) Becoming a he-goat (a she
goat); applied to a low-born fellow on whom any mark of
distinction has been conferred. -
A --- istittab, (x of ~ tabba) Being set in order.
A t- istittt, (x of 85) Wishing, or asking to follow.
A}~) istitla, (x of 35) Calling to come after one.
A *- istitmm, (x of ~ tamma) Fulfilling, completing,
bringing to a close. Desiring, asking that a thing might be
completed. Asking for (wool) to finish (a piece of cloth).
A *-listisbat, (x of ~3) Asking for a remuneration.
Taking back anything that had been given.
Aj- istis-ar, (x of j) Imploring help in order to
avenge
the death of another.
A. j- istisrat, (x of J}) Stirring up (war, tumult, dust).
Breaking out (a boil, &c.). Rising up (a loaded camel).
76
A c-) istisbt, (x of c-j) Being constant, assiduous.
AAe- istisfar, (x of ;) Clapping his tail between his legs
(a dog). Passing the end of a garment between the legs and
fastening it to the waist. -
A J-- istiskl, (x of J) Oppressing, molesting, vexing.
Finding heavy. Brooking ill. Pronouncing with difficulty.
A U-Vistisn, (x of J) Excepting, excluding. Saying,
If God will. (Jam. iv. 15.) Praising. P J- U-4 A
replicative syllogism, where, if the antecedent is denied, the
consequence is denied also. -
A c_3\s.) istijabat, (x of ~~~) Hearing, receiving a pe.
tition. Giving an answer. Accepting, consenting.
A se- istijdat, (x of ex-) Seeking, or finding (a thing)
excellent. Looking out for a good horse. Turning out well.
A *A*- istijrah, (x of 9-) Imploring aid or protection.
A sji- istijzah, (x of 332-) Asking leave, soliciting per
mission. Begging water for cattle, or for irrigation.
A &\su." istijshah, (x of Ut-) Asking for troops.
A &e=i- istijzat, (x of 83-) Appearing hungry.
A &\si-)istijfah, (x of -5,-) Appearing wide and ample.
A_\st-) istijbr, (x of z-) Compulsion, force, violence.
A\xi~ istijd, (x of 32-) Asking for a donation.
A cst-" istijdd, (x of x-jadda) Renewing. Taking (a
thing) for new. Innovation.
A y- istijr, (x of 5-) Desiring the office of ambassador,
or agent. Appointing an envoy or attorney.
A cyst- istijrh, (x of ca-) Being depraved, corrupted.
Ajj-i- istijzz, (x of j- jazza) Being fit for reaping or
gathering (corn, dates, &c.).
A Jist." istijal, (x of Ja-) Being in heat (a bitch).
A \t-listiia, (x of ;-) Removing, carrying off. Esteem
ing one to be injurious and oppressive. Becoming so.
A -k-i- istijlb, (x of 4+) Driving (camels, sheep, or
slaves) from place to place for sale. Attracting.
A_\st-listijmr, (x of 24-) Being kept a long time in an
enemy's country, without fighting. Perfuming (a garment).
Going fast (a camel). Jumping in fetters (a horse). Clean
ing one's self with a flint or sherd after voiding forces.
A &\st- istijmt, (x of 8-) Being convened, assembled.
Wishing to assemble. Running with all his might (a horse).
A Jsi- istijmal, (x of L-) Growing up (a camel).
A *-i- istijmm, (x of -jamma) Reposing, resting. Re
cruiting one's strength.
A e-si-) istijnn, (x of c-janna) Covering one's self.
Being protected. Fxulting, rejoicing.
A --i- istjirf, (x of -5,-) Being spacious and roomy.
A Ji- istijhl, (x of Ji-) Considering as ignorant and
illiterate. Holding in contempt. Shaking a bough (the wind).
A 3.5's." istihsat, (x of c-) Grubbing up the ground in
search of something. Carrying off, exporting.
 <--
AA=i- istihar, (viii of ,-) Crowing betimes (the cock).
g Aj-i- istihrat; (x of J-) Wishing to converse. En
quiring.
A jst- istihrat, (x of 2-) Staring with wonder. Flow
ing gently down the throat (wine, &c.). Being filled with
water (a place). Coming to maturity (youth).
A jsi- istihazah, (x of 5-) Shunning, avoiding, fleeing.
A 3.3-listihzat, (x of Je;-) Flowing into a reservoir.
A&xi-listihzat, (x of Ji-) Emitting blood (a woman),
after the usual time of the monthly discharge has elapsed.
A&Msi-listihlat, (x of J.-) Undergoing a change. Un
dulating (the surface of the ground). Being distorted (a bow).
Being impossible, or absurd (an assertion, a story). Consider
ing as such. Looking attentively (at any object) to see whether
it will move or not.
A-si-listihbb, (x of -- habba) Taking a liking to,
regarding, loving. Desiring, choosing. Supererogation.
A cst." istihss, (x of G-- hassa) Instigating, urging.
A -s- istihjb, (x of e-s) Appointing a chamberlain.
A cst-listihds, (x of c-) Receiving news.
A clas-listihdd, (x of 3- hadda) Whetting, sharpening.
Shaving about the pubes.
A's "istihz, (x of .53-) Asking for a shoe.
Aj-i- istihrr, (x of, harra) Waxing hot.
A xi- istihrm, (x of ea-) Wishing for the male (spoken
in general of those animals which part the hoof).
AA-si-listihsr, (x of ,-,-) Being exhausted with fatigue.
A c-si- istihsn, (x of e--) Approving. Praising.
Taking, or considering as a favour.
A-s-si- istillshf, (x of ---) Drying up (a leathern
bottle).
A Q-axi-listihsd, (x of 3-a-) Being twisted tight (a rope).
Ripening, and being fit for the sickle (corn). Assembling (peo
ple) and assisting each other. Being angry.
A-les-) istihsf, (x of -3.2-) Being confirmed, esta
blished. Being adverse and untoward (fortune). Being very
small (an aperture).
AJ-asi-listihsl, (x of J-a-) Acquiring, collecting.
AJ-si- istihsn, (x of era-) Retiring into a fortress.
Aj-i-listihzr, (x of 23-) Calling, citing to appear, sum
moning before. Wishing to be present. Urging to full speed.
0ccurring to the memory.
*-i- istihtt, (x of a- hatta) Allowing a discount.
Aking for an abatement or drawback.
Ajlisi- istihfar, (x of A-) Digging (a well). Wishing to causing to come forth. Deriving. Selecting, choosing.
"g. Being favourable (weather) for digging a well, or for
cutting a canal.
Assi- istihfaz, (x of -) Committing to memory. De A \;<\-) istikhfa, (x of Usi-) Hiding one's self, lurking.
"gone to remember, or to take care of, any thing.
C. \
A list-listilii, (x of -i- haa) Taking the whole (of
another's property).
A -lisi-listihkb, (x of <-5-) Taking (anything) behind
one's back. Perpetrating a crime.
AJsi.) istihkr, (x of -) Despising, holding in contempt.
A Jsi. istihkk, (x of G- hakka) Demanding justice.
Claiming one's right. Merit, capacity, skill, ability, genius.
A cst-listihkn, (x of c-) Prescribing a clyster.
A ^k=i- istihkm, (x of $5) Being strengthened, confirmed.
A st-listihl, (x of 2-) Being sweet to the taste. Hap
pening agreeably, appearing agreeable.
A c-si- istihlb, (x of ~~~) Milking.
A Lst- istihls, (x of J-4-) Covering the face of the
earth (grass). Sticking close.
A si-' istihlf, (x of -/-) Adjuring, causing to swear.
A J}<-listihll, (x of J- halla) Considering or making
lawful. Wishing a thing lawful.
A Uta~i- istihmsh, (x of U+4-) Rushing forth to fight
in fierce anger.
A Jst- istihmk, (x of G-) Thinking one a fool.
A Just-listihml, (x of J4-) Desiring to bear, carry, or
take upon one's self. Desiring another to do any thing. Pa
tience, resignation. Toleration.
A *-i- istihmn, (x of ~ hamma) Washing (the body) in
warm water. Bathing. Sweating.
A S;-- istihwaz, (x of 3,-) Prevailing against.
A JA;&t-listihicz, (x of J-) Flowing into a tank (water).
Aust-listihy, (x of J-) Blushing. Leaving alive.
p :-) astakh, A goat. **
A ji-listikhrat, (x of 23-) Praying for the blessing of
God, or for success, or for any thing that is good. Petitioning
to be chosen, wishing to be directed in pursuing that which is
right. Conciliating favor, acquiring whatever one greatly desires.
A \t..." istikhb, (x of 3-) Pitching, entering into (a tent).
Apst- istikhbr, (x of r3-) Interrogating, exploring, in
vestigating, informing one's self, asking news, desiring advice.
A. easi- istikhdm, (x of ***) Employing, making use of
the labour of another. Asking or getting employment. Stating
a proposition in terms capable of a two-fold interpretation.
A "&"-" istikhz, (x of 233-) Submission, self-abasement.
r_<- istakhr, A lake, pool, ditch. Istikhar, The ancient
Persepolis: the Persian fabulous tradition says, that it was built
by the fairies in the time of Jan bin Jan, who governed the world
long before Adam.
A z\,-\ istikhraj, (x of
**) Extracting, drawing out,
A J--- istikhss, (x of U2-khassa) Considering as base.
A%), st- istikhrt, (x of *A*) Persisting in crying.
A st-) istikh, (x of -is khaffa) Despising, holding
in contempt, or in small esteem. Diminishing. Leading to
vanity. Producing pleasurable sensations.
A <-si-) istikhlb, (x of 44) Scratching, tearing (with
the nails). Cutting grass.
A Jeli- istikhlas, (x of J-4) Setting at liberty, desiring vouring to demonstrate; perceiving, collecting or drawing ar
to liberate, procuring liberty. Wishing to be pure. Rendering
pure. Choosing. Claiming and taking the whole of any thing.
A k\si- istikhlt, (x of Al-) Leading a camel to cover.
a -3.3-i- istikhlf (x of -/-) Leaving posterity. Appoint
ing successors. Coming after, succeeding. Drawing water.
Ajst." istikhmr, (x of 23-) Reducing to slavery.
PJ;st- ustukh'an, A bone, kernel, stone of fruit. A Using any thing as a screen (a hunter) behind which he may
skeleton. The foundation of an edifice. The text of a book.
Household furniture. An instrument of war. Noble, great.
Je e);st- To suffer distress.
* Gj e';*- ustukhn-buzurg, Born of a noble race.
e';*i- ustukhn-band, A splint, a fillet, a swathe.
P&
r);- e';*i- ustukhn-khir (or up eM,<- ustukhn
ruba), A kind of large eagle, which feeds upon bones.
P e);st- ustukh'n-faroshi, Roguery, dishonesty.
A 2'-' istidad, (x of A- sadda) Joining, cementing.
A '- istidarah, (x of J23) Surrounding, turning round,
making a circle, encircling. Being round, circular.
A --~~~~) istidamat, (x of ^,2) Assiduity. Wishing to be
quiet, permanent, perpetual. Prevailing on a creditor to for
give a debt. Soaring in a circle.
a &\xi~ istidinat, Borrowing. Sueing for a debt.
Ajx- istidbr, (x of re) Turning back, going backwards,
retiring behind, following. Knowing at length something not
known before, and then doing it carefully. -
A J--- istidbs, (x of U-9) Being of a dark bay colour.
A J-- istidkhl, (x of J-2) Striving to enter.
A. eye- istidraj, (x of gye) Advancing or promoting by
degrees, step by step, getting admittance. (God) consigning
to punishment an obstinate ungrateful sinner, on whom he has
conferred innumerable benefits. Giving utterance, speaking.
Deceiving. Loving to follow a new-born colt (a camel).
Ay- istidrr, (x of ye darra) Agitating (as the wind does)
and forcing rain from the clouds. Giving continually; blowing
without interruption; giving milk plentifully (a camel). Pro
voking to urine. Longing for the male (a goat).
A <\,- istidrk, (x of 99) Comprehending, conceiving,
understanding, reaching, overtaking, arriving. Wishing to com
prehend, obtain, &c. Restoring, mending ; emendation.
A \ex- istidea, (x of 323) Petitioning, requesting submis
sively, entreating, supplicating (the blessing of God).
A G-listidfi-a, (x of J) Putting on warm clothing.
Trying to get heat. Turning towards the fire.
A &\}~~) istide, (x of 839) Praying that (God) may avert.
A u"istid, (x of 39 daffa) Flying low (a bird of
prey). Being right, straight, feasible. Shaving the body.
A c- istidkk, (x of J dakka) Minuteness, slenderness,
A J}<- istidlal, (x of J- dalla) Adducing proof. Endea.
guments from. Asking the reason.
P e- istadan, To rise, stand, or work standing. See J-
-
A 3.3-listisabat, (x of ~3) Asking for honey.
A 93- istizra, (x of 2.9) Covering (as a stallion). Want
ing the male (a she-goat). Seeking shade, or protection.
A ty&- istizrat, (x of t)
Approaching with a gift.
hide himself. (See & je zaritat)
A $.3-listisk, (x of J) Blazing vehemently (a flame).
AJ&- isti:kar, (x of S) Recalling to one's recollection.
A $3- istisl, (x of J) Going off in a clandestine man
ner. Yielding, submitting through brokenness of spirit.
A J3--" istislal, (x of JS calla), Humbling, abasing, bring
ing into subjection. Holding in contempt.
A V-3- istism, (x of J- ) Recovering one's property from
the hands of another. Investigating. Striking out, eliciting.
A **- istismm, (x of r zamma) Being blamed. Be
having in a manner deserving censure.
A 93-) istianb, (x of ~9) Getting into and keeping
(the road). Following, treading in the steps of Being finish
ed (business).
A e- istizhn, (x of JAS) Excelling in genius.
r P. astar, A kind of coarse thin stuff for lining garments;
the lining of a garment. ("Argow) A star.
r_- astar (s 3Tw ) A mule. Istar, A harrow. A
weight of 24 lib. Skill. Gross, thick.
A. *L- istir-aa, (x of *) Wishing or asking to see. Tak
ing for a hypocrite.
re- Astarbad, The capital of Georgia; (part of the
ancient Hyrcania).
A &\P- istirabat, (x of C-) Doubting, suspecting, judging
unfavourably.
A &;-) istirasah, (x of tp) Deeming lazy, slothful.
A <--!> istirahat, (x of ty) Smelling, scenting, nosing.
Reposing, relying. Quiet, rest, sleep, peace, tranquillity.
r);-) istarr, A lentil.
A&W- istirzat, (x of UA,) Being full of water (a re
servoir). Lying open and abounding in flowers (a garden).
Being vigorous and cheerful (the mind).
A by- istirt, (v111 of br) Swallowing.
A JLA- istir-l, (x of J) -Becoming exceedingly nume
rous (young ostriches). Shooting upwards (like the neck of *
ostrich) a plant.
A Jy- istirak, (v111 of Jr.) Stealing, carrying off by
stealth. Listening, overhearing.
 p *A- astar-ba (or J- astar-bn), A muleteer.
A t- istirbt, (x of Sy) Being heaped together (sand).
Being raised (as dust). Travelling fast (a camel). Applying ley). Being forcibly separated and scattered abroad. Departing.
diligently (to work).
A z- istirtj, (x of g) Pronouncing with difficulty.
A |-- isticia, (x of jy) Petitioning, requesting.
A t- istirjat, (x of **) Applying to God in affliction,
plying to one skilled in the art of magic.
by repeating the ejaculation from the Kurn, 3." Gl, all U'
Wr,
e-ry Verily we belong to God, and verily we shall return to
hill. Asking or taking back the whole or part of any thing
once given. Returning to a place.
A Jr- istirjal, (x of Jy) Purposing to go on foot.
AJ-> istirhl, (x of J-) Asking leave to travel. De
it!
siring that a (camel's) saddle may be adorned or not.
,
r- istirkh, Red orpiment.
*A- istirkh, (x of 339) Hanging down. Being relaxed.
Languor, lassitude.
A J- istirkhs, (x of Jasy) Valuing at a low price.
Buying cheap. Asking leave. Leave, dismission.
A 99- istirdd, (x of y radda) Demanding restitution of
anything, whether given, deposited in trust, or taken without
consent. Repelling, driving, forcing back.
*- isird;(x of-33) Asking to be taken up behind.
rej-" usturdan, To shave, to erase.
c- istiridiy, ("Ortsa) An oyster.
A J- istirzl, (x of J) Holding in contempt.
A t- istirzt, (x of {jy not in use) Despising.
AJ- istirzk, (x of 59) Asking for a livelihood.
*J-A- isfirsal, (x of J-9) Being allowed to hang loose
(hair). Acquiring a habit. Affability, freedom from reserve.
* L- usurash, A ploughshare, a spade, a hoe.
*P. istirsh, (x of 3-5) Desiring a bribe.
"c-
istirshah, (x of *) Coming to its full size (an
animal). Bringing up. Waiting for a field to become fit for
grazing or mowing.
A*- istirshd, (x of x:y) Being well directed, pursuing
a right course. Seeking direction.
"J- istirshsh, (x of Jy rashsha) Wishing to suck
: (a colt).
*R-listirsi, (x of 3) Endeavouring to please.
t- istirzkh, (x of &) Esteeming as untrue.
A&- istirzt, (x of sy) Inquiring for a wet-nurse.
t A- istirt, (x of Je) Asking one to feed, or take charge
Entrusting to the care of another.
of any thing.
A -- istiri, (x of Lie) Emitting blood from the nose.
Laming a camel (a sharp stone). Running full speed (a horse).
Taking by the nose. Trying to make (fat) drip.
A J- istiral, (x of J) Following one another in a
line (sheep). Leading the van.
*J- istirghs, (x of L-3) Considering as soft.
A 992 istirad, (x of 339) Seeking help.
A JABA- istirfax, (x of Li)) Being widely extended (a val
...A t- istirt, (x of 859) Wishing to raise or carry off.
a 3A-listirfah, (x of 45) Reposing, remaining quiet.
A 5A-l istirka, (x of ) Asking another to charm. Ap
A 32- istirkt, (x of 8-5) Needing repair (a garment).
J- istirkk, (x of J, rakka) Reducing to slavery.
A
Being thin. Diffusing itself lightly (water).
G <- istarak, (XTiga) Storax.
P +5.99-7 astarkri, Plastering.
A - istirkk, (x of ~% rakka) Being slender, weak.
Being unwholesome; silly, stupid.
AA- usturlab, An astrolabe. See -lla-l.
A cvy-listirmk, (x of v) Being little esteemed.
A c- istirmm, (x of ey ramma) Requiring reparation (a
house, &c.). Desiring to amend.
4. $- astarmuk, The ostrich, or camel-bird. (Cast.).
P <&A- istarang (or <&A-7),Mandragora, mandrake.
Barren, unfruitful. The Persians call the mandrake also ** 22'
Face of an idol, and s re-
The man-plant, on account of the
strong resemblance of the root to the human figure. The Ara
bians call it ~A) - The devil's candle, on account of its
shining appearance in the night, from the number of glow
worms which cover the leaves.
A c- istirwah, (x of cy) Resting. Smelling.
P ex- istarn, Barren (woman or animal). The eglantine.
PJ- as tarianitan, (in anc. Pers.) To shut, to close.
P*2- usturah, A razor. J*- *A- To display courage.
A -- istirhb, (x of ur-by) Terrifying, alarming.
A e- istirhn, (x of cy) Taking a pledge.
A &y- istiztat, (x of -, j) Asking for oil.
A sey- istizdah, (x of Aj) Desiring an augmentation.
Considering a man as having dome less than he ought.
A sy-listizrah, (x of 23) Requesting a visit.
A J}~) isti-lt, (x of J calla) Stumbling, being ready to
slip. Causing or wishing one to stumble.
A_\k-listiskhr, (x of A*) Mocking, deriding.
A 2-) istisd, (x of ;-) Fitting the warp to the loom.
Sweating (a horse).
A 2'--- istisdd, (x of ~ sadda) Being shut, closed, stopped
up (as a door, bottle, &c.). Being right, straight.
A y- istisr, (x of re) Travelling by night. Choosing,
picking out the best (men, camels, or sheep).
A y-\istisrr, (x of ~ sarra) Being concealed for a night
or two (the moon).
A \-) istist, (x of J-) Striving or endeavouring. Oblig
ing a manumitted servant to labour strenuously at any thing, in
consequence of which he may obtain full liberty.
 <--)
A *- ististd, (x of A-) Considering as a happy pre
sage; conceiving well of any thing. Desiring happiness; being
fortunate. Congratulating. Asking supplies, or other assistance.
AJ- ististr, (x of A-) Kindling a fire.
A s- istisf, (x of -i- saffa) Taking in the hand (a
handful of grain, &c.).
A \-" istisk, (x of U.S.) Desiring water, offering up pub
lic prayers for rain, asking for drink. Labouring under a dropsy.
Drawing or drinking water from a well. Carrying water in a
bottle. U.5; *\i--- The anasarca. J *" Tympany.
a - istisl, (x of -i-) Paying in advance. Asking
for money before the delivery of the goods. Marrying a brother's
widow. (Deut. xxv. 5.)
A JA-listisll, (x of J- salla) Drawing a sword.
A *}~ istislam, (x of 4-) Submitting to the authority of
another, giving way to his judgment. Embracing the Muham
madan religion. Paying in advance. Coming into ear (corn).
A U-Vistism, (x of 24-) Going a hunting.
A z- istismaj, (x of 2-) Considering as odious, filthy,
or deformed. Having a nauseous and disgusting flavour.
A Ju-listismn, (x of c-) Judging, discovering to be
fat. Asking for butter.
A el-) istisnd, (x of x~) Leaning, relying.
A c-- istisnn, (x of e- sanna) Having large teeth.
A J- istis-hal, (x of J) Evenness, commodiousness.
A 5A- istishrat, (x of J) Consulting, asking advice.
Standing in need of advice. Fattening.
A &\:-listishtat, (x of a-s) Boiling with rage. Becoming
fat (a camel). Flying fast (a dove).
A &\-listishnat, (x of c) Strongly disapproving.
A V- istishr, (x of ) Applying diligently to any em
ployment or pursuit. Being weighty and momentous (business).
A ky- istishrat, (x of **) Having the murrain (a flock).
A 3,--- istishrf, (x of -3,) Looking upwards at some
object, and screening the eyes (with the hand) from the glare
of the sun. Attending closely to anything lest it suffer damage.
Defrauding another of his due.
Aj - istishsar, (x of 25:) Moving the arms backward
and forward (in twisting a rope). Being twisted (a rope).
Aja- istishtr, (x of ,<) Putting on an inner garment.
Desiring to know. Being apprehensive.
A \-" istishf, (x of ; ) Seeking the recovery of health.
A s- istishfat, (x of s) Asking, imploring, deprecat
ing, begging intercession. Taking refuge.
A ;\x~" istislff, (x of -is shaffa) Being transparent.
A l-" istishl, (x of 3-4) Liberating. Being angry.
A ^*- istishman, (x of ~. shamma) Smelling, perceiving,
getting scent of, investigating. Wishing to smell.
A Ju- istishnn, (x of c, shanna) Becoming lean.
80
A c-) istishhd, (x of x-) Taking evidence, summoning
witnesses. Wishing to be present. Falling a martyr for religion.
Aj- istishhar, (x of ji-) Wishing for fame, desiring or
endeavouring to become celebrated. Publishing, proclaiming,
A &\a- istisabat, (x of 22) Deeming right, approving.
A c- istisbah, (x of c-) Trimming a lamp.
A_\-a- istisbr, (x of re) Thickness, condensity.
A -\s istis-hb, (x of c-s) Associating with, becom.
ing sociable, wishing for the company of any person.
A cus- istis-hah, (x of salha) Health, soundness.
A fr- istisrkh, (x of {r^) Wishing to bawl. Asking aid.
A ra- istisrf, (x of -5,-2) Wishing to turn away.
A -a- istisaab, (x of C--e) Being difficult. Consider
ing as difficult.
Aj- istisghar, (x of A-2) Despising, holding in small es
timation, considering with contempt.
A \la-) istisf, (x of 5.2) Choosing, selecting, taking the
best part or the whole of any thing, exhausting entirely.
A c- istislah, (x of 2-)Happening well. Seeking peace.
A - istismagh, (x oft-e) Extracting gum from a tree.
A t- istisnt, (x of S-2) Requiring one to work.
A ":- istisicab, (x of ~3-2) Approving, thinking well
of, este eming right. re --- To approve. To consult.
A $."" istis-at, (x of ") Asking for light, or counsel.
A 3-i- istic fat, (x of -i-3) Imploring help.
A &\-i- istismat, (x of **) Diminishing. Defrauding.
A 8-i- istisbe, (x of 83) Wanting the male (a camel).
A cls- isti-hak, (x of -3) Laughing at, ridiculing.
A !--- istisr, (x of 2,3) Rushing forth from an ambuscade.
Deceiving, circumventing.
A )-i- istisrb, (x of ~2,3) Becoming white and can
died (honey). Longing for the male (a camel).
A s-i- isti-ta, (x of -ix) steeming, finding, weak.
A C*-i- istislal, (x of J-3 zalla) Wishing that (another)
may err, miscarry, or perish.
AM:- istizicr, (x of 93.3) Wanting the bull (a cow).
A C-i- istishl, (x of J) Inquiring, informing one's self.
A --~\a- istiabat, (x of -->4) Relishing, liking, taking
well, finding agreeable, approving. Asking for fresh water.
Cleaning, shaving, or washing the body (after the manner of the
Muhammadans.)
Aja- isfitar, (viii of a-) Delineating, drawing, describing.
A 5Ala- istitrat, (x ofJ) Dispersing, diffusing (light, as
the aurora). Being swift, fleet (horse). Drawing rapidly (a
sword). Giving flight (to a bird). Being dispersed.
A -->''<- istiteat, (x of **) Power, possibility, capabi
lity. Submitting to, obeying, complying with.
A &Ja-" istitlat, (x of J) Prevailing against, overcoming
an enemy. Extolling one's self, yielding to nobody.
 <--)
A-4- istitbb, (x of ~! tabba) Asking medical advice.
A-Me-listitrb, (x of~A) Wishing to skip or dance for
- - -- - da, (x off_99.Ac) Maki
joy. Driving (camels).
A J- Wishing to drive. Aiming at
istitrd, (x of 9%)
one thing and getting another. Feigning a retreat.
A )-listitrf, (x of -5) Considering a thing as new.
Procuring any thing which has been newly discovered, and be
ing delighted with it.
A J}- istitrak, (x of J}) Begging the loan of a stallion.
Asking another to divine by throwing pebble-stones or gravel.
A l- istittm, (x of ***) Asking for food.
* le-listiti, (x of -, taffa) Being possible, practi
cable, feasible. Probity, uprightness. Being much raised (a
camel's bunch).
A tle- istitlt, (x of **) Seeking information, inquiring.
A Jr- istitlk, (x of Jk) Setting at liberty, leaving (a
camel) to graze where (she) will. A diarrhoea.
A J-listilll, (x of J, talla) Hanging over, impending.
ov-la-listatlas, ("Aapaxto:) Jew's pitch.
A *- istitmm, (x of * tamma) Wanting cutting (hair).
A J..." istizll, (x of J calla) Sitting in the shade.
*A*- istichar, (x of Al) Committing to memory. Re
citing, publishing. Imploring assistance or protection.
A sea-listicidat, (x of z.) Begging one to repeat, or do
any thing over again. Turning back, being restored to the same
situation. Being accustomed to, having the habit of.
a 3- isticzat, (x of 2) Fleeing from evil to good, from
the devil to God, and saying, ~~}} Ja cr" a!\! ex, We
flee to God from the execrable devil.
A jc- isticrat, (x of Je) Borrowing. Using a word me
taphorically. A metaphor, Catching a distemper. Being alone.
Building, erecting.
A*-listicizat, (x of Je) Asking one to substitute.
A --~~-listicnat, (x of exc) Asking assistance, imploring
help. Shaving the body. (See &\e tanat).
A*- istibd, (x of Are) Reducing to slavery.
AJ- istisbr, (x of re) Taking an example and being
edified by it. Asking the interpretation of dreams. Weeping.
A--- istitb, (x of e-c) Desiring to chide. Request
ing a favour, desiring one to take a thing well, or to rest con
ented. Satisfying. Retiring, or turning from one thing to
another.
A -- s- istijb, (x of C-5) Astonishment, wonder.
A J- istijal, (x of J) Hastening, accelerating, or
dering one to make haste, stimulating, dispatching any business
* dressing meat quickly; wishing to make haste.
A. als- istijam, (x of **) Keeping silence. Stammer
ing, Being barbarous, foreign, obscure, and unintelligible (a
dialect "jargon). Being unable to read from somnolency.
81 <--)
A lw-listied?
Making (a horse) run. Implorin -
ploring
help against an enemy. Seeking to be avenged.
A clax! isdd, (x of Ac fadda) Readiness, promptitude.
Skill, aptitude, capacity, disposition. Merit, worth.
a le-listiedadt, (pl. of elA-listiedad) Prepara
tions.
A '3- istiazb, (x of c-3.c) Being fresh and whole
Discovering and drawing such (water).
some (water).
Aja. istiazr, (x of y&2) Apologizing.
A!--- istier, (x of 5,2) Eating (dates) whilst on the tree.
A ~|~! istierb, (x of ~2,2) Speaking badly, with impro
priety, mixing unskilfully two languages together, as the Per
sian and Arabic. Speaking obscenely. Wanting the bull (a cow).
A y-" istierr, (x of ,e earra) Spreading (the itch).
A JAA- istiarz, (x of J,2) Asking for a full disclosure of
any affair. Giving promiscuously. Killing indiscriminately.
A - istier, (x of 5,-) shewing one's self in order to
be recognized. Being rough (the sea). Preparing for mischief.
Ajj- istiezz, (x of je tazza) Being close and compact.
Twisting violently. Being overcome. Giving up the ghost.
A J- isti sal, (x of Jc) Asking for honey.
A \-- istiesh, (x of Je) Finding one bewildered. Be
ing guided and attracted by the light of a blazing fire.
A Lax-listies, (x of Jae) Rebellion, disobedience, revolt.
A cax- istiesm, (x of -ae) Abstaining from sin.
Alaa- istiet, (x of lae) Begging, asking a present.
A Wax-listiet, (x of ae) Conciliating the favour of
any one, insinuating one's self into his good opinion.
A *A*- istiezm, (x of **) Becoming proud.
Wishing
or aiming at greatness. Conceiving highly of, admiring.
A x-listiaf, (x of ji-) Asking pardon. Seeking to be dis
engaged from an obligation. P e;-- \x-) To ask pardon.
A - \x-) istie f, (x of -ie taffa) Abstaining from what is
forbidden, restraining one's self.
A -\ix- istikb, (x of vic) Inveighing against any one,
enquiring into their characters or vices.
A c- istikd, (x of <e) Flying for refuge.
A\x- istial, (x of:=) Superiority, exaltation, promotion.
A -la-Vistislab, (x of ~le) Stinking (as meat).
A c-istialaj, (x of 2-) Curing. Seeking a cure. Be
coming hard (the skin).
a -3- istialif, (x of =) Wanting provender, express
ing a wish for corn (as a horse does by neighing).
A J-) istialk, (x of &=) Being bound, or chained.
A *}x- istialam, (x of **) Asking information, advice, or
news, being desirous of knowing, eager to learn.
A ex- istialn, (x of J-) Being divulged, made public.
Ajax- istiamar, (x of Pe) Causing to inhabit, colonizing
Prolonging life. Mitigating, appeasing.
M
 A Je- istiml, (x of Je) Causing to work. Employing,
requiring one to labour. Use, usage, application.
A Fx- istiamam, (x of ** &amma) Choosing for one's uncle.
A 90- istind, (x of 3.2) Overcoming (as sickness, or marriage ceremonies). Istifan, (or J- istiftn) A nettle,
vomiting). Being ungovernable, checking (a horse). Beating. thorn, pointed stake, or any thing sharp.
A x- istiew, (x of c) Calling for help (to quell a riot).
A *- istiehd, (x of 942) Making an agreement with a
salesman, to send back his goods if damaged.
A d-listighasah, (x of c) Calling for help, imploring
assistance. Demanding justice. Lodging a complaint.
A c-- istighss, (x of ~& ghassa) Curing a wound.
A "&c.) istighz, (x of $33) Throwing prostrate.
A A- istighrb, (x of ~,) Wondering. Demeaning
one's self in a strange manner. Laughing until the tears come.
A <!-- istighrd, (x of 9,3) Inducing, requesting to sing
A J- istighrk, (x of J, ) Being dissolved in tears.
Being immerged, completely contained or comprehended. Being
wholly employed, engrossed, engaged in, orexerting one's powers
to accomplish any thing.
Aja- istighzr, (x of 253) Giving somewhat to receive
Inore.
A \-a-listighsh, (x of J.E.) Wrapping one's self up in a
garment so as neither to be heard or seen.
A L-- istighshsh, (x of J... ghashsha) Considering as
false and insincere.
A_\ix-listighr, (x of, 3) Asking forgiveness.
A -l-' istighlb, (x of 44) Coming to maturity (a
plant).
A x-listighlz, (x of 43) Finding (cloth) coarse, and for
that reason declining to purchase it.
A J- istighlak, (x of&#) Being tied down (in a bargain).
Not having the option of returning a purchase. Being obscure
and unintelligible, and as it were sealed (a speech, a book, &c.).
A Je-listighll, (x of J ghalla) Ordering (ones ser
vants) to carry home grain. Receiving it from those who
bring it. Gathering in grain or vegetables.
A U.K.) istighn, (x of Lz) Acquiescing; being contented,
in want of nothing, wealthy, independent, able to do without.
Being affected, supercilious, ceremonious, punctilious.
A fx." is tighnm, (x of **) Seeking plunder.
A l-" istighw, (x of .53%) Deceiving.
r &- istaghah, Pregnant.
A $4.3-listi-at, (x of 3) Receiving (money) as plunder,
booty, or earnest-money. -
A e-listifadat, (x of 3:5) Receiving profit. Advantage,
emolument, reward. Utility.
p &\2\,...) istifznah, Profusely, abundantly.
A 3.25-listifazat, (x of Li) Being divulged, spread abroad agreement, cancel a contract, give up a bargain. Asking pardon.
Desiring abundance or pro
(news). Divulging, disclosing.
n. Abou
fusio
nding in trees (a valley). Profusion, redundancy.
A -listifikat, (x of J;3) Recovering from indisposition,
ebriety, passion, or madness. Being superior.
p J- istian, A river. A garland, crown, wreath (used at
-
a s-listihat, (x of *}}) Eating plentifully after fasting.
P & Vistahah, A pregnant woman (or animal). Satan.
A x-listit, (x of 5-3) Consulting (a lawyer or mufti).
A c- istiftah, (x of **) Asking assistance. Demanding
the surrender of a castle, or the opening of a gate. Requiring
the explanation of any passage (in the Kurn). -
A Jus- istihal, (x of Js) Being momentous (an affair).
Keeping for a stallion. Becoming Jus; juhhl (a palm
tree).
A 3x3- istikhz, (x of &#) Submission, self-abasement.
A_\x~ istifkhar, (x of, k) Purchasing something excellent.
A clas-listifdah, (x of c) Finding (a thing) difficult.
A t- istirkh, (x of *A) Maintaining (pigeons) for the
sake of their young.
A e','' istird, (x of 2,3) Being fond of solitude, singular
in any thing. Choosing one out of a number, and using that only.
AJy- istifrr, (x of, farra) Absconding, running away.
A t- istifr, (x of &A) Beginning any thing.
A &\,- istifragh, (x of &A) Vomiting, evacuating, reject
ing. Straining every nerve, exerting every endeavour.
Ajji- isti-s, (x of ; fazza) Making light of Exhilara
ting. Leading forth. Frightening. - -
A --- istisd, (x of ~3) Seeking to do mischief.
A y-- istisr, (x of r-3) Asking an explanation, informing
one's self, enquiring. *J--- To interrogate.
A Jaka- is tisas, (x of Lafassa) Drawing forth.
A Jis-listisal, (x of J_i.) Leaving a residue. Taking
more than one's due. Doing any thing in an elaborate manner.
A &\las- isti-e, (x of as) Considering as shameful.
A l-" istil, (x of J) Requiring to be cleared of lice (the
head). Asking any one to perform that office.
A c- istilah, (x of *) Prosperity, success.
A c-- istinn, (x of J fanna) Classing. Specification.
A **- istiham, (x of **) Desiring to know or to be taught,
informing one's self by asking questions. Inquisitiveness. -->
c- An interrogative particle.
r & listaih, A pregnant woman (or animal).
A \-" istik, (v111 of Ji-) Drawing water.
A -listiktat, (x of ce;) Asking for victuals.
A sol- istikdat, (x of e;) Submitting, yielding. Peti
tioning a judge to inflict capital punishment on a homicide.
A 3-W- istiklat, (x of J-3) Desiring one to rescind an
A --~~~) istikmat, (x of ) Rectitude, sincerity, inte

grity, fidelity, truth, purity of intention, religion. Standing erect,
remaining, rising up, acting uprightly. Valuing goods.
Ar-listikbh, (x of ) Detesting, hating, abhorring.
A J..." istikbal, (x of J-3) Going to meet, encountering,
looking towards. Being about to happen. Futurity.
A J- istikbally, Belonging to futurity.
A J-listiktl, (x of J-3) Desiring to kill.
A sl-" istikdd, (x of 33 kadda) Continuing, persevering.
Being level and smooth.
AMA-listikdr, (x of J) Praying (that God) may over
rule (for good).
A clas- istikdam, (x of **) Preceding. Wishing to ex
cel or get before. Surpassing in boldness or strength of mind.
AJ&-listikzr, (x of J&J) Abominating as filthy.
- Aft:- istikra, (x of 25) Following, passing from place to
place, travelling over any country. Straining, stretching, bend
ing. Making diligent search. Receiving (a friend) hospitably.
Ay-listikrr, (x of ; karra) Confirming, ratifying. Stop
ping, resting, dwelling, settling, fixing a residence.
AJ- istikrz, (x of J) Borrowing, asking to lend.
A t- istikrt, (x of &A) Asking the loan of a bull.
A JR- istikran, (x of J) Swelling in the veins (blood).
Being able to bear a load.
A *- isliksim, (x of -- ... n.1; * -
) Demanding one's portion,
claiming one's share of spoil or property of any kind (which
share is determined by throwing a kind of arrow, a practice
common among the Arabians). Requiring one to swear.
Aa- istiks, (x of rai) Curiosity, the most earnest endea
vour after any thing, curiously prying, or using every effort to
get to the knowledge of any thing. Being carried too far in an
argument. Being expelled (as bad humours, &c.).
Aja-listiksr, (x of 23) Desiring to abbreviate, or to be
abbreviated. Considering anything as abridged or short.
A Jka- istikss, (x of Ja kassa) Desiring one to retaliate.
A-i- istik, (x of J-5) Demanding payment judicially;
wishing to have a debt fixed and determined by the sentence of
*judge. Being constituted judge.
AJ3-i- istiksis, (x of U43 kasza) Finding (a bed) uneasy.
Ajs- is tiktar, (x of As) Distilling, dripping, raining.
Wishing it to distil, or rain. Trying to catch any thing dropping.
A -- istikfa, (x of is kaffa) Recruiting strength.
A J-listikil, (x of J) Stinginess, avarice.
* J-listikll, (x of U kalla) Lifting up a water-pot:
Being high (the sky). Soaring upwards (a bird). Being seized
with a tremor. Moving from place to place. Esteeming little.
Sovereign authority, absolute dominion, plenipotentiary Powers,
unlimited commission.
* <!-listikllnah, Independently. Absolutely.
A J.- istikll, Invested with authority. Confirmation.
A. J-- istikws, (x of U-53) Bending through age.
83 <--)
A l-listiky-a (x of".) Vomiting.
r- Ustukil, Name of an ancient hero.
A c- istikk, (viii of t sakka) Becoming stopt up,
and deaf (the ear). Growing wild and luxuriant (a plant).
A -- istiknat, (x of e5) Submission, humility. '
A_\,{- istikbar, (x of ~$) Arrogance, presumption, pride.
Playing the great man. -
A -" istiktb, (x of 3) Asking to write. Dictating
(a letter). Appointing an amanuensis or secretary. -
A ) istiktam, (x of **) Keeping a secret. Desiring one
to keep a secret.
A j- istiksar, (x of A$) Adding, increasing, asking much.
Conceiving that there is a great deal. Using a large quantity.
A V- istikra, (x of 25) Hiring, renting. .
A J- istikrash, (x of Lft) Becoming fit for ruminat
ing (the stomach of any beast that chews the cud).
A "K- istikram, (x of ) Wishing for, discovering or.
doing any thing noble and generous. Asking a favour.
A. *\,{-) istikrh, (x of 55) Abhorring, abominating, disdain
ing, despising, contemning. Doing a thing reluctantly.
A -- istiksb, (x of --~$) Gaining, acquiring.
A 33.3-listikshf;(x of -i-S) Being discovered, cleared
up. Wishing any thing to be made manifest, or laid open.
A \ G-listikfa, (x of J) Asking to do what is sufficient.
A s-- istikfa-a, (x of) Begging the loan of a camel
for the benefit of the hair, milk, and colt.
A 33 -) istikfa, (x of -is kaffa) Stretching forth the
hand (to receive alms). Screening the eye (with the hand)
from the glare of the sun and looking at any object attentively.
Flocking, gathering round any thing. Being matted (hair).
A \-" istikl-a, (x of US) Abounding in grain (the earth).
Taking upon credit. Putting off, procrastinating.
A J- istikml, (x of J) Completing, bringing to per
fection. Wishing any thing finished, perfected, completed.
A J- istikman, (x of e kanna) Being hid, covered up.
p J-listal, A fish-pond, a lake, a pool.
A \- istil-a, (v11.1 of u-) Boiling, liquifying, melting,
purifying (butter, &c.) by melting. -
A -- istilb, (v111 of ~~~) Seizing, plundering.
A C.) istill, (v11.1 of J- salla) Drawing (a sword, &c.).
A cu- istil-am, (x of ru) Marrying amongst low and ig
noble people. Having a bad sire. Putting on a coat of mail.
A k- istilam, (v11.1 of ) Submitting to another's opinion,
surrendering. Rubbing the forehead against the black stone at
Mecca. Reverence, veneration, prostration.
A &\-) istilnat, (x of c) Soothing, using gently. Consi
dering as soft, placid, gentle.
A s-) istilb-a, (x of".) Sucking the ewe (a lamb).
A z- istiljaj, (x of e laija) Claiming for one's self.
MI 2
 <--)
A J- istilhak, (x of G Adopting.Sowing.
A c- istilham, (x of-s) Pursuing. Being wide(a road).
A 3.3-listilzz, (x of 3 lazza) Considering as delicate, ele
gant, agreeable. Tasting, relishing. Being delighted, pleased.
A *}- istilzam, (x of l) Requiring, rendering necessary.
A -sul-) istilt, (x of -la) Joining, mixing.
A \l.listilk(x of il) Lying supine upon the back. Facing
or meeting another. Wishing to see.
A *\}- istilham, (x of **) Wishing to be inspired.
P t- istam, (for *- sitam) Oppression, injustice.
a u-listim, (viii of 34-) Going a hunting.
A 3-v-' istimhat, (x of **) Asking alms or pardon.
A 5u- istimasat, (x of jc) Being separate and distinct.
A t- istim, (viii of 8-) Listening, hearing.
A c-lu-' istimlat, (x of Jr.) Caressing, conciliating,
Feeding
giving good words, gaining the favour of any one.
upon a thorny plant called 313 khullat (a camel). Measuring
with the two expanded arms (a fathom, or two yards).
A 2'-- istint, (x of 8-s) Enjoying, reaping the fruits
of, being delighted. Celebrating a solemn festival at Mecca.
A_\**- istimkhr, (x of ) Facing the wind.
A 3-t-" istimdd, (x of ~ madda) Asking supplies, subsi
dies, aid, assistance. Extension, prolongation.
A *y- istimra-a, (x of V.) Digesting one's food.
A y- istimrar, (x of 2 marra) Proceeding, going on.
Persevering, persisting. Steadfastness, constancy. Being ren
dered perpetual (rent).
A. r- is timrary, Perpetual.
A zy- istimzj, (x of z) Sounding the disposition.
A tu-- istimsk, (x of <<--) Holding. Refraining.
A \-- istinsh, (x of U.--) Suffering from a diarrhoea.
A Ja-listinsl, (x of Ja) Taking a cathartic draught.
a Maa-) istintar, (x of las) Praying for rain. Appealing
to the benevolence of a friend.
A c--- istimkat, (x of <-) Having white pustules on
the tongue.
A e- istimkan, (x of e-) Having in one's power.
A l-" istiml, (x of 3...) Asking to indite.
A J- istimlal, (x of Je malla) Weariness, irksomeness.
A c-- istinnah, (x of z) Asking for a gift.
A e- istimnn, (x of cre manna) Requesting a favour.
A J..." istimhl, (x of Je) Petitioning for a delay.
Pe-T stan, The sleeve of a garment.
Ae- astan, Old roots of trees. The mandrake.
re- ustun, A column, a prop.
A QU- istinad, (v11.1 of ~) Leaning against, supporting
one's self by, or depending upon, anything. Stopping, standing. Being derived from.
A ju- istinrah, (x of J5) Shining, glistening. Seeking
light. Putting to flight, overcoming.
84 <--)
A -e-listinsat, (x of Je;) Retreating, retiring.
A --~~~ istinatat, (x of {}) Preceding, going before.
a & listinmat, (x of ^x) Sleeping. Security, reliance.
A Ju-listinn, (v111 of era sanna) Rubbing the teeth. In
stituting or observing a certain mode of life. Galloping. Being
muddy (drink).
A 4-listimb-a, (x of ) Enquiring, informing one's self.
A t- istimbah, (x of) Making (a dog) bark.
A k-) istimbt, (x of **) Fliciting, extracting (generally
confined to religious matters, as to make an extract from the
Kurn). Sojourning amongst the Nabathean Arabs.
A Ju- istimbl, (x of JJ) Asking for an arrow. Taking
the best part (of a person's property).
T J:- Istambul, Constantinople.
r &c.) istambah, Thick, coarse, hideous. Strong, power
ful. The night mare. A demon.
A z- istintaj, (x of **) Eliciting, concluding. Feigning.
A Jux-Vistintal, (x of J) Leading, preceding. Preparing.
A j- istinsr, (x of 23) Drawing up water through the
nostrils and discharging it again.
A |-a- istinja, (x of j) Obtaining, gaining. Being set
at liberty. Praying for a release. Asking pardon. Making
haste. Pruning a tree. Felling timber. Communicating a
secret. Talking in a whisper. Removing. Cleaning a gut
and fitting it to a bow. Ablution.
A <-- istinjs, (x of t) Leading forth against, al
tacking. Undertaking. Throwing one's self in the way of.
A c- istinjah, (x of * ) Desiring success. Dispatch
ng
ing any business easily and happily. Accomplishi one's wishes.
A c- istinjd, (x of x~) Asking assistance, or protec
tion. Recovering from sickness. Taking courage. Attacking.
Ajs- istinja:, (x of j) Doing anything with success
and dispatch. Asking for the fulfilment of a promise.
A U--- istinjs, (x of U-c) Soiling, making impure.
A t-istinjt, (x of **) Growing fat.
A 3'-i- istinjaf, (x of ~i) Emptying, voiding.
A Just-listinjl, (x of Ja) Being full of water (a valley).
a J--- istinhas, (x of v=") Inquiring, ascertaining.
A & s- istinkhkh, (x ofnakhkha) Becoming soft.
A sex-Vistindah, (x of six) Prospering (business).
P e- istandan, To take, to receive.
t Jx-- Istindil, Name of an island in the Archipelago.
A J}~ istinzal, (x of JP) Sending down. Receiving into
one's house. Being removed from office.
A \-) istins-a (x of ") Desiring to wait (for payment).
a -- istinsb, (x of -') Tracing one's genealogy.
A &\- istinsakh, (x of a-) Describing, transcribing,
copying. Abolishing, abrogating, cancelling. Correcting:
 AA-listinsr, (x of ,-3) Resembling a vulture. A - \{-\ istink, (x of -i 3) Declining, refusing, re
A{-a- istinsit, (xoft-) Being scattered about (camels). jecting, disdaining. Blushing, being ashamed. Tracking (a
Al- istinsh-a, (x of \) Smelling, Inquiring into. camel) over a sandy plain.
Ae-listinshd, (x of ~) Asking one to repeat a poem. A succ-Vistinkh, (x of 3) Bidding another breathe in one's
Abu- istinsht, (x of at 3) Becoming wrinkled (skin). face to discover what he has been drinking.
A J- istinshk, (x of Gj) Drawing up water through A t:- istinhaj, (x of **) Adopting a mode of life insti
the nostrils; snuffing up the air, odours, &c. tuted by another. Lying open (a royal road).
A ca- istinsah, (x of *) Asking advice. Fsteeming one
A_\-) istinhr, (x of 2:3) Flowing copiously. Lying open
to be a faithful counsellor.
(a wound). Turning the course of a river through a solid bed.
Ajka- istinsr, (x of rai) Soliciting aid against an enemy, A Jle-listinhz, (x of viej) Rousing, ordering to rise up.
A \;<! istic, (v11.1 of 53-) Being completed, perfected.
asking supplies. Having a protector.
A-la-listinsif (x of ~ia) Becoming quits. Being equal, parallel. Being moderate, temperate. Arriving at
A Jaz-listinsal, (x of Jaj) Drawing forth. Causing to fall. the summit. Tending towards, ascending (to heaven). Sitting
A Jli- istingaz, (x of L& nazza) Collecting drop by drop. well (on horseback). Becoming conspicuous. Coming to ma
AJa listintk, (x of Gla) Endowing with the faculty of turity (youth). \;-- Jax. A right line. The equator.
PJ- ustuwr, Firm, strong, brave, powerful, constant, solid.
speech (God). Searching, inquiring. Examining by torture.
A.M..." istingar, (x of A.) Begging a delay, desiring one Perfect. Equal. Faithful, true. e-'-J- To rely upon.
to wait or give time. Wishing to see. PS9'> ustuwari, Strength, constancy, resolution.
A A.- isting, (x of i) Taking all. Exacting the P e;-) ustuwn, Firm, compact, solid, secure, trust-worthy.
P &\;-) ustuwanah, A cylinder.
whole (of the tribute). Considering as pure.
Aw--/ istint, (x of 3~) Approaching. Receding. Gal P z- ustubij (for zl-), Ceruse, white lead.

loping away with his rider (a camel). Calling (sheep) to follow
him (a pastor). Taking the lead. Overtaking a man (misfor
tune). Possessing, occupying (as love the mind).
A x-listinait, (x of ~3) Asking for an epithet.
A J- istinghz, (x of Lxj) Moving the head (sur
prised).
A z- istinfaj, (x of *) Drawing out. Enraging.
A s- istinfad, (x of A) Emptying, exhausting.
AM:- istinfr, (x of 3) Running away terrified (animal).
Making (an animal) to run away.
AJ-listinfax, (x of Li) Ablution after making water.
Fxtracting. Sending forth pickets, spies.
AJ- istinfak, (x of G) Laying out inoney.
A *-listinkd, (x of A) Separating the good from bad
(coin). Receiving ready money. Growing up to man's estate.
AS- istinkaz, (x of 353) Liberating, emancipating.
Au- istinkash, (x of U) Painting, engraving.
*Ji- istinks, (x of La) Desiring or endeavouring to
lessen the price of any thing. Mistaking.
* - 2 - ast tea bast, Particulars.
fee;-- ustdn, A cemetery, a grave.
* > ustur, A horse, a mule; any beast of burthen.
re- ustur-bn, A horse-keeper. A barren (woman).
P ex- isturmn, (or <&vy- asturmg) An ostrich.
P r;-- ustum, A bulrush.
Pe-) ustan, A column, a beam, a mast. A kinsman (son
in-law, father-in-law, &c.). An odoriferous grass.
r x- istuwah, Wearied, dispirited, sorrowful, afflicted.
Ustuwah, Remains of any thing pounded.
P :- ustuw?, The back-bone.
r &-7 astah, A kernel. A bone. vs- **- A date-stone.
A 4-1 astah, Having large buttocks.
P & listih, Contention, altercation. Istuh, Dejected, dispi
rited. Ustah, The buttocks.
A J- istihl, (v111 of J-) Flowing. A flux.
A c- istiham, (v11.1 of **) Casting lots. Sortilege.
A&\-" istihnat, (x of J) Making light of, despising.
A J- istihbash, (x of U-R) Receiving (a gift).

A t- istink, (x of t) Flowing into one place and

Az- istihjj, (x of * hajja) Taking one's own way
"agnating (water); also becoming yellow in the body. Being without consulting any body. Hurrying forward travellers.
high (the voice). Having a rattling in the throat (a dying per A cs- istihjan, (xofess) Acting shamefully. Disgracing.

*). Changing (colour). Steeping in water.
A*- istinkh, (x of &) Understanding. Interrogating.
A t- istinkah, (x of *)
Marrying, taking a wife.
Aj- istinkr, (x of 9) Denying, refusing to acknow
ledge, Seeking to become acquainted with a subject of which
one is ignorant.
A leg-listihd, (x of b) Asking a gift. Seeking direction.
A 334-)istihd, (x of -39s) Being erect and tall. Set
ting one's self as a mark. Being prominent (buttocks).
P L- istahrush, The bone-breaker (a kind of eagle).
A *}+-) istihs-a, (x of j) Deriding, joking, sneering.
p &\,:- istihznah, Scornfully, deridingly, jestingly.
 <--)
A J-- istihshsh, (x of Js hashsha) Considering as
light.
a ck-listihlk, (x of cls) Ruining, destroying, con
suming. Wishing death or ruin to any one.
A J- istihll, (x of JA halla) Being glad, cheerful,
shining with joy (the countenance). Flowing plentifully (tears,
water, rain). Beginning to rain with some noise. Giving the
first cry (an infant). Raising the voice, invoking. Drawing (a
sword). Appearing (as the new moon).
A *- isthmm, (x of ** hamma) Neglecting one and
caring for another.
A *-listihn-a, (x of **) Asking help, or a gift.
A t- istihnaf, (x ofs-s) Being unable to reply.
A bi-listihw, (x of s) Bewitching, seducing, stupifying.
p J- istihidan, To quarrel, to litigate, to struggle.
ru-lasti, A heap. The sleeve of a garment.
- A J- istiy, Belonging to the anus, fundamental.
P |-- Istiy, Name of a mountain.
A s- istiy-a, (v111 of U.) Committing sin.
A 2'-' istiyd, (v111 of ex-) Killing, or taking prisoner, a
chief. Asking in marriage.
w- isti-ar, (x of j) Running away (startled camels).
A_\,-- istiyr, (v111 of 2-) Taking provisions for the way.
A L-- isti-as, (x of v) Desponding, despairing.
A su-" istiyf, (v111 of -5,-) Discovering by the smell.
A.J- istiyk, (v111 of U2-) Driving, urging forward.
A t- istiyk, (v111 of 3-) Cleaning the teeth with a
stick.
A J- isti-l, (x of J}) Coming together, assembling.
A s-" istib-a, (x of **) Discovering (a place) to be in
fected with a contagious disorder. Shewing.
A k-'listi-bat, (x of l) Excavating a vault narrow at the
mouth and wide at the bottom (either for storing grain or catch
ing wild beasts).
A J- istibl, (x of J) Being unwholesome (the air).
Finding (the air) so. Wanting the ram (a ewe).
AJ- isti-tan, (x of J') Purchasing an ass.
Ae-listitn, (x of c) Becoming fat (sheep).
A z- istisaj, (x of g) Being finished, completed.
Aj..." isti-sr, (x of;) Being alone. Excelling. Claim
ing for one's self. Electing, choosing, preferring.
A y- istisar, (x of AE) Importuning. Wondering.
A J*:- istisak, (x of G) Being firm, solid, constant, esta
blished. Shutting, barring, bolting.
A e- istisan, (x of ej) Growing fat. Increasing, abound
ing. Remaining. Dividing itself into two parts (a palm
tree). Having colts full-grown (camels).
A 6- ustj, (or z- istj) A weaver's shuttle, the woof
about the quill in the shuttle.
86 <--)
-
A --- istjab, (x of ) Being worthy. Judging
necessary. Accepting, approving. Awarding (to the dead).
A_\st- isti-jr, (x of ,-\) Hiring, renting. Making bricks.
a Just-listijl, (x of J-9 Requesting a reprieve, or de
lay. Attaining to a fixed period. Assembling together.
a -- istij, (x of ia-2) Being smitten (with love).
A est- istihad, (x of A-2) Being alone.
A Jss- istihash, (x of U-2) Throwing away, (a cloak,
spear, &c.). Lying waste. Terror, gloom, sadness. Hunger.
A Gst-listi-khs, (x of 3-D Stooping (from pain or weak
ness of sight).
Aj." isti-khar, (x of A-) Remaining behind. Delaying.
Failing. Going backward.
A l-" isti-d, (x of **) Imploring help. Importuning.
A :"" istidae, (x of 89.) Requesting any one to keep a
deposit. Committing, commending. (Acts. xx. 32.)
A "A-" istidi, (x of ) Scrutinizing. Letting fall in
drops. Holding, containing. Growing long (grass).
A 'A-listidah, (x of sex) Being driven together (camels).
Being defeated and submitting to a conqueror. Being well
managed (business). Despising.
P e- istidan, To stand. To begin. eye- istadan.
See
P 3--" istidah, Standing. e *A*- To rise.
A e'3- isti-tan, (x of e') Asking leave, permission.
r_-) istir, Lining of a garment. Ustir, A weight of 64 oz.
A !--- istra, (v11.1 of 52) Striking fire.
A <!---
is tirakh, (x of z) Being irrigated (the earth).
A <!-- is tirad, (x of 92) Being present. Inviting, citing.
Ak!--- isturat, (x of) Plunging headlong.
P *** - Astar &a, Esther the chaste, the wife of
Lz-- Akhshirish or Ahasuerus.
Aj- isticr, (x of j2) Appointing a vazir.
A &j- istixit, (x of & j) Praying for divine inspiration.
P *:::- istrah, Controversy, quarrel, anger.
A --- isti-s, (x of J-) Seeking solace, consolation,
A 2'-- isti-sad, (x of 2-) Being bold as a lion.
Al-- isti-sr, (x of ,-]) Taking prisoner. Surrendering.
A_\--- istisr, (x of ,-4) The being easy, in a good train,
well arranged, in good order, easily to be obtained.
A &- istis, (x of s->) Amplitude. Opportunity.
A J-listisk, (x of G-2) Being collected. Completion.
A e- istisn, (x of er) Sleeping.
A \--listish, (x of Us) Painting. Calling. Moving.
A !--- istsa, (x of J) Wishing to make a testament or
dying declaration. Commending, enjoining.
A el- ist7sad, (x of vex) Constructing a sheep-cote.
A Ja- isti-sl, (x of J-2) Taking root. Eradicating, eras
ing, exterminating, ruining.
A cki-- istizah, (x of z) Requesting an explanation.
Seeking to discern any object by raising the hand to the forehead.

A :Wi-listizt, (x of 862) Asking for an abatement.
A . isisim, (x of ). Injuring, hurling.
A lar-listit-a, (x of &) Finding (a bed) soft.
A J- istitn, (x of J) Dwelling in a place, residing.
A "a listiz, (x of -i ) Taking the whole (property).
A --- isti-tb, (x of C-ex) Asking in a present. Taking
(the whole). Extirpating, erasing, destroying.
Aj-listicr, (x ofJe) Finding (a road) rugged.
A J-Wistical, (x of Jes) Taking refuge in a mountain.
A J- istightil, (x of J2) Washing the groin.
Ai-listia, (x of J) Satisfying completely, paying or
receiving the whole of what is due. Renouncing, relinquishing.
A J..." istfad, (x of Aix) Sitting on one's toes.
Aj- istifar, (x of 39) Receiving or paying what was due.
Aj- istfix, (x of 32) Standing on tip-toe. Watching
for an opportunity.
A Jlix-listifix, (x of J) Running fast. Causing to make
haste. Being driven here and there. Expelling, banishing.
A J- istfak, (x of G32) Imploring divine guidance and
grace. Directing, assisting, succouring.
A c- istikah, (x of &) Being hard (nails or hoofs).
A J- istikd, (x of 33) Kindling, lighting (a fire).
Aki-listiks, (x of A) Watching, awakening. Making
a tinkling noise (a necklace, &c.).
A t- istikt, (x of t) Sharpening a sword. Anxiously
expecting. Being terrified.
A-si-)istikf, (x of 5,) Standing, waiting. Requesting
one to wait, or to detain (another). Asking for a legacy.
A J- istikn, (x of e) Knowing for sure, ascertaining.
a *-listikh, (x of 45,) Listening to, obeying.
A c- istikh, (x of 3) Being penurious, sordid, nig
gardly. Being fat and fleshy (young birds).
A {{- istikt, (x of s) Acquiring strength.
A- istik, (x of &) Catching any thing dripping
or distilling. Letting fall in drops.
A*- istikah, (x of .9) Strength, corpulency.
*J-' astil, Half a pound. Six dirhems (about 5%d each).
A*-listil, (x of J) Victory, superiority, conquest, do
minion, power, authority. Hitting the mark.
A*- istilad, (x of *) Endeavouring to make breed. (A
man) having a child born to him of a female slave which he
claims or acknowledges as of his own begetting; the mother of
such a child is called an A3) r ummu'l walad.
**~ stin, Asleeve. A sheath. Lining. Blood from a
wound. A healed wound. A poultice. The orifice of a bottle.
Aja- isti-mar, (x ofr") Consulting, deliberating.
AJ'- isti-mn, (x of er) Confiding, considering trust
"rthy. Begging protection, taking refuge.
"J-istin, A sleeve. ex-. e- To be cheerful.
87
<-)
To confer favours. To abandon, to refuse. Je-J e
(Jj e- or ejv. e-T) To tuck up one's sleeve, i. e.
- to prepare for business. e *A e-T To pass by a
fault, c-: e-T Fault, blemish, cle F e-f To shed
tears. s re-" A garment without ornaments.
A \-" isti-n, (x of ) Waiting, expecting.
A U-- isti-ns, (x of v) Being intimate, familiar.
Becoming gentle (a wild beast). Knowing. Asking leave.
A 3.3-listi-n, (x of -') Commencing. An exordium.
A J- isti-nan, (x of e anna) Dozing, sleeping.
P &l astinah, A bird's egg.
A J-- isti-was, (x of J) Asking for a loan, a present,
aid, or company.
A -- istihb, (x of <-b) Asking in a present.
A g- usuj, (for g wusuj) Swift camels.
A c- isjah, (1v of *) Pardoning, sparing, acquitting.
Soothing, giving good words.
A c-" asjd, Tribute. Asjd or isjd, Jews and Christians,
who are charged with paying homage to the figures on certain
coins tendered for tribute. Isjd, (1v of A$") Bowing to the
ground, paying adoration. Beholding any thing very attentively.
Injuring the eye-lids.
A als asjt, (pl. of 8-s saja) Rhimes. Cooings of turtles.
A Jus-" isjl, (1v of Jse") Filling (a cistern). Giving a
large bucket. Setting at liberty. Speaking categorically.
A cus- isjam, (1v of **) Raining copiously.
A 2*\ asjah, Fine, well-proportioned (face).
AJ- asjar, Having a blood-shot eye. Limpid (lake).
A ->
as jam, Dry in the mouth (a camel).
A e-e:- usjutat, (pl. of ** saja) Rhimes, cadences.
Cooings of turtles.
A Us) Al as-h, Name of a well near Madna.
A ce's- is-hat, (1v of c-s") Extirpating. Unlawful gain.
Azs is-haj, (1v of a-) Peeling off the skin, flaying.
A_\s-' as-har, (pl. of ,s sahr) The lungs (of animals).
Is-hr, (1v of ,s") Rising, going, or coming, in the morning.
p sys- as-hrah, Mallows.
A Js- Is-hk, (HEB. Prik') Isaac. (1v of G s) Remov
ing. Becoming thread-bare (a garment). Being lame in the
foot (a camel). Shrinking after milking (the teats).
A 6.3Vs" Is-hkyah, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A Jus-' as-hal, (pl. of Je sahl) Stuffs made of cotton.
A Us" is-hal, Name of a tree with which they clean the
teeth.
A , s as-ham, Black. A horn. The womb. The nipple.
A wine-bottle. A cloud. Blood, in which conspirators dip
their hands.
A JV-s Al ishamn, Name of a mountain.
Ajs- is-hinar, (111 of, s q) Quickness. Verbosity.
 e-) 88
_-)
A c-e- is-hinkk, (111 of c- Q) Being dark (the A 52- asiddat (for Q93. sudad), (pl. of A- sadd) Infirmities
night). of the body (as blindness, &c.).
A e';*) us-huwn (or --> us-hub), A glutton.
A ley- isdarni, (du.) The shoulders, the shoulder-blades.
A *.s-' as-hiyat, (pl. of \s sih) The bands of a book. A -j-" asda, Black.
* Ly *A*- iskharah rumi, Name of a thorny grass. A JA-" asdal, Pendulous, dangling. Asdul, (pl. of J
A kuk iskht, (1v of lak") Putting in a passion. sidl) Veils. Strings of pearls hanging over the bosoms of ladies.
A Js- iskhn, (iv of cs") Boiling water. Causing to weep. A s-" asdy, A kind of cloth or garment. -

A **- usdiy, The warp of a web. (Cloth) fitted to the loom.

A *- askham, Black.
A s-" asadly, Lion-like. Of the tribe of - Asad.
A k-) askha (or \k askh), More or most liberal. A &A-" asdiyat, (pl. of "A- sadt) Warps.
A s- askhiy, (pl. of J.A. sakhiy) Liberal.
* -7 asur, A thriving field (of corn).
A ck" iskhitt, (x1 of -k") Ulcerating (a wound). AJ- asr, (from rl) Taking prisoner, binding. A chain, a
a 27 asud, (pl. of ~) asad) Lions. thong; fetters, manacles. r." All of them. Strength. The
*A*- asada, (fut. *-* ya-sidu) He stirred up sedition. form, stature, shape of the body. Usr, Captivity. Retention
>k A*- asida, (fut. *-*. ya-sadu) He was seized with horror or stoppage of urine, costiveness. Asar, Glass. Usar, (pl. of
at the sight of a lion. He resembled a lion. 5- usrat) Kinsmen. Usur, The feet or supporters of a bed,
A - usd (for A- usud), (pl. of ~" asad), Lions. or throne. The left side.
A 3-) asad, A lion. The sign Leo, which is considered as A 2- asarr, Hollow. An intimate friend. Excess of joy,
an unfortunate constellation. Name of two persons, each the fa cheerfulness. An agreeable or convenient situation. (A camel)
ther of an Arabian tribe.J 3-1, The lion of the earth, the hurt or galled in the breast. Jj"> 3 In good time, in a
humble lion, the chameleon. A species of plant. v ~! convenient season, to the purpose. In a little time.
(The lion of pulse) Broom rape. 4.) A-", The lion of God, to A \,-\ is r, (1v of Jr.) Carrying off by night.
which the Persians add generally --! (the conqueror), by A. !- usara, (pl. ofL- asir) Captives.
which epithets they distinguish the Khalif Aliy. e ~), A <!- isra-a, (Iv ofy-) Being the time for locusts to deposit
Lion of the faith. &A) 3-), Lion of the state : Muhammadan their eggs.
surnalnes. A zy- israj, (1v of zy-) Saddling (a horse). Lighting a
A 3-A asadd, One who goes the right way to work, who hits -
candle, or lamp.
the mail upon the head. A cy- israh, (1v of c >) Turning loose (sheep).
A \x-) isd, (1v of ,-) Fitting to the loom. Sending (a camel) Ay- asrr, (pl. of , sirr.) Secrets, mysteries, confidential
to graze without a keeper. Hitting the nail upon the head. concerns. Lines or lineaments (in the face, hands, &c.). The
Having dates ripening at the stalk (a palm). Making peace, ornaments of families. The best parts of a valley. A kind of
composing differences. Conferring a favour. Walking fast. inebriating pill (made of a species of hemlock). Dirt adhering to
p c"" Asadbd, Name of a city near Hamadn. mushrooms. ~\ 2'- Herbs mixed with hashed meat. P J
A ex-) isdd, (1v of ~ sadda) Going the right way to work, c-; Plants. Isrr, (1v of , sarra) Concealing. Divulging,
hitting the nail upon the head. discovering. Name of a tree growing on the shores of the Ara
A U-2- isds, (iv of U-3-) Being six in number. Having bian gulph.
camels which drink on the sixth day. Breeding teeth in the A ty- israt, (1v of & J-) Making haste. Causing or order
eighth year. ing to make haste. Having swift-paced camels.
A ;|&" isdf, (1v of -34.) Throwing aside or lifting up A 3,-) isr, (iv of 3,) Prodigality, dissipation, abuse of
her veil (a woman). Opening (a door) to let in light. Show wealth, extravagance, ruin. Giving an infant too much milk.
ing light (as the aurora). Growing dark (night). Sleeping. A J- Isrfil, The angel of death, who is to blow the last
Waxing blind or dim-sighted (through age or hunger). Hold trumpet. A seraph.
ing a lantern (to light another). Illuminating. A c- isrfin, (Heb. pp-hw) The seraphim. (Is. vi. 2.)
A JA-" asdl, (pl. of J- sidl) Veils. Clothes thrown over P J- isrkidan, To surround, involve, make intricate.
a camel-litter. Strings of pearls hanging over the bosoms of A r- asram, (pl. of or surm) Extremities of the intestines.
ladies. Isdal, (1v of J-) Letting down (her gown, hair, or || A ey- asrn, Curds.
veil), a woman. A J- Isryl, (Jy-), Jy- or ery"), Israel.
A ele- asdn, (pl. of J- sidh) Veils, camel-litters, shawls. Jy- The children of Israel.
A $.3.) asadat, A lioness. Asidat, An enclosure, fold (for A r - usrub, Lead. P <les - Melted lead.
sheep, &c.) Trained to hunting (a dog). A r- usrubiy, Leaden.
 *-)
A 5- usrat, Animpenetrable coat of mail. A strong fortress.
Affinity, kindred. Kinsmen, paternal relations.
A 5- asirrat, (pl. of , sirr.) The ornaments or glories of a
family. The chiefs of the people. The best parts of a valley.
(pl. of 2, sirar) The parts of the navel-string which are cut
off. (pl. of y- sirr), Lines in the hand. (pl. of r sarir)
Thrones, couches. Coffins. Favours, benefits.
A {r- asrat, More or most swift.
Arli," usruf, (equivalent to ~~ usrub) Lead.
**- asrak, Weaker. Drunken.
P t- isranj or isrinj, Cinnabar, vermilion, red lead, sandyx,
burnt ceruse (of which they make a kind of ointment for wounds).
Isrinj, Cymbals.
Als isrindi, (xv of 9,-) Being oppressed by violence,
loaded with opprobrious words. Being superior, overbearing.
**):J- asrurah, Indian spikenard.
P J- usrish, An angel. An agreeable voice.
r-r- Israwshanah, Name of a city in Turkistan.
A ty- usrut, A kind of worm (found among pot-herbs, or
amongst sand). A line traced on a bow.
A r- asra', (pl. of 2-) asir) Captives.
**, ariya, (pl. of 5, sari) Rivers.
rv-lisrish, A course or place for any kind of exercise.
p *- isrisham, Glue, gum, isinglass.
Au- asas (for L- ass), A foundation.
Av- usus, (pl. of J.-- ass) Foundations.
Ala-' asatt, One who has long feet.
AAll- astr, (pl. ofA- satar) Lines, rows, strings.
**-listrat, A fable, a fiction, any thing trifling.
A*-listubbat, The refuse of cotton, flax, &c. (which falls
in the carding or dressing).
*All- istabr, Thickest. A weight.
J-Wistabl, (Xialo) A stable.
ryA- istakhdr, Rosemary.
AA- astur, (pl. of A- satr) Lines, strings, rows.
oxa- ustur, (tat) Name of a weight; also of a king.
G v- istarghilus, (Areyaxo.) A die, dice.
p th- istarakh, A lake. The city of Persepolis.
***- astirkha, Red orpiment.
~}- usturlab, (Arpoxav)
G An astrolabe. r .-j
- The sun.
G *}j- usturmun, ("Areovoaia) Astronomy.
A th- astat, Long-necked (ostrich).
: c- istaffin, (XTapwalvo;) A carrot.
G c- istufin, (X-rapyxivo;) A carrot. Long-necked.
G v-t- istakis, (X-roixstow) An element, principle. *sa
v Aitakt-i Ukidas, Euclid's Elements.
A *- ustumm, The sea, the flowing of the sea. Any place
89 -)
where bees swarm. The middle More noble. Right, justice;
what is due.
A Vl. ustumm (and &ala-' ustummat), The same with the
preceding; also domestics, kindred.
A Jla- ustuwn, High, lofty.
A &\,...) ustuwnah, A column, a cylinder. (Xro&) A por
tico supported by pillars. &\}|...} Js Followers of the Stoics.
G J-,-,-,-) istukhudus, (Xroix30;) French lavender.
a 93--" ustiirah, (Irofa) A fable, a story.
G ex- istun, (X-rapvivo;) A carrot, having a long neck.
A\x- isei, (1v of J-) Stimulating to exertion.
A c- istad, (Iv of Js.) Making happy or prosperous, bless
sing, favouring, assisting, seconding, supporting, aiding.
A j- astr, (pl. of ,-- sier) Prices. Isar, (1v of 2-)
Kindling (a fire). Stirring up (strife). Fixing the price of
provisions, assizing.
A lw- isgt, (1v of ax-) Injecting medicine into the nostrils.
Piercing (the breast) with a spear.
A -- ist, (iv of -i-.) Promoting or finishing any
business. Coming within reach of the hunter (game).
A J-" isail, (iv of Ja-) Exhilarating.
A x-assad, More or most happy.
A_-) askar, Lean, not fleshy. Angry, furious.
A -- assaf, (A camel) scabby or mangy about the mouth.
(A horse) having white hairs hanging over the fore-head.
A c-- isghb, (1v of ~~~~) Enduring hunger and penury.
r x<x_i asghadah, A fire-brand, half-burnt wood.
f s-" asghadah, Prepared, ready.
PJ- asghaddan, To fashion, finish, make ready.
r_*- usghur (or 3,4- usghurah), A porcupine.
A - asif (or -i- asif), Grieved, indignant, angry.
** - asifa, (fut. i-g Aya-safu) He grieved.
A i-' as, Anger, grief. Brooking ill.
A -- asaf, Sadness, grief, anguish, pain.
A \,-\ isf, (iv of 5.) Sweeping away the dust (wind). Hur
rying on to levity and fickleness. Injuring, ruining, destroying.
Running away (a camel). Losing its down (a thistle). Having
a strong beard (corn).
A \,-\ usaf, (pl. of -i- asf) Grieved, sorrowful.
r_3,\s." Asabr, Name of a city founded by Nshirwn.
rj- Asfar, Name of a country. Isfar, Myrtle.
A_\- asr, (pl. of A. safr) Files (for polishing). Journies,
travels. (pl. of, sifr) Books, volumes. Isfr, (iv of A.) Break
ing (like the morning), shining, becoming light, bright, or splen
did. Brightening up (the countenance). The morning twilight,
the dawn, aurora, break of day. Baldness.
A J- isfarayniy, A native of Isfrayn.
AVA. ast, (pl. of la- safat) Chests, boxes.
A c.) isff, (1v of -- saffa) Twisting (palm-leaves).
N
 - 90
Looking intently at any object. Flying low (a cloud, or a bird).
Attending to the details of a thing. Having the face bespattered.
G z- isanj, (X-rivnia) Spinage.
r ) isfit, Clover, trefoil. (cast.).
P J- isfitn, A thorn. The two sides of the matrix.
r &i-f asuftah (or **-), A piece of old linen cloth, a rag
somewhat burnt. A fire-brand, a quenched fire-brand.
r & T sufdah, Prompt, ready.
P c- asadih, A duty, in the ports and on the confines of
Persia, of one in forty; in the interior, of one in a hundred.
G zy- isiraj, ("Agrgayo;) Asparagus.
P c- Isfarayin (or e-A-W), Name of a city in Khursn.
A 3, ) asirat, (pl. of j- sifar) Bridles, halters.
P --~~ isfarasb (or --~~ isparasb), A race-course.
P c- isfaram, Myrtle. Any odoriferous plant.
P t- Isfaranj, Name of a district in Samarcand.
P ex,- isariid, A large water-fowl, the bittern. A cormo
rant. A bustard. A starling.
r - isist or usust, Name of a medicinal plant.
P us-- isisti, (A place) abounding in the plant ---.
P Ja- isatz, The same as the preceding.
A J-1 asal, Inferior, the lowest, c- J- The meanest
of the mean, the most infamous. J- &- The lowest degree.
Ats- isilanj (or t-), Goat's beard (a shrub).
G z- isinaj, (Xzriyzia) Spinage. P s) z- Orach. ing or speaking).
&j- isfandriyat, A carrot, a parsnip.
A.
re- isfanan, The two sides of the matrix.
r- asfunj, Weak. A draught, a potion. A cloud.
G g- isfunj, (XTyyo;) A sponge. A kind of dumpling.
F & 3." isfand, A species of rue. A kind of drink. Name of
the third of the five days which are added to the end of the
twelfth or last month of the Persian year, called Isfand-i armus
(or armud), Isfand-arnah and Isfand-arman. The Persian
year consisting of twelve months of thirty days each, they add
five days to this month in order to make it equal to a solar
year. Isfand-i rmud is also the name of the genius who pre
sides over that month.
P& J-- asanda-i safd, White mustard-seed.
Puy~" asandn, Mustard.
r x~~~" isfandmand, The twenty-first day of spring.
p_\,--) Astandiyr, The son of Kishtasb, of the first dynasty
of Persian kings. He was surnamed e c, Ryin-tan, Body
of brass, on account of his great strength, and is often alluded
to as one of the greatest heroes of Persia. He never reigned,
being killed in his father's life-time by the famous Rustam, so
much celebrated in their poems and romances as the Persian
Hercules. Divine power and goodness.
Pla...' asant, A kind of drink made of the seeds of
grapes.
J-)
rji-) usfr, Modesty, bashfulness. Honour, worth, desert.
A badger, a gray, a brock.
P c- Isfahan, (for e-) Ispahn, the capital of Persian
Irak (the ancient Parthia).
r Ar-' asah-bad, A general, a commander-in-chief.
p_\-si-) isfah-salar, The commander of an army.
A u-
Usafi, Safi, a town at the extremity of Mauritania.
P -- Asijab, Name of a large city in Transoxania.
r-" isfed, (for A*- safed) White, bright, splendid.
pz- isdaj (or --T-ised-ib), White water, ceruse,
a paint used by women. e--"z- Shell-lime.
P J-'-'- isfddur'rasas, Whiting, chalk.
P-" isdb, (or ****-') A kind of dish made of meat,
onions, butter, cheese, &c.; another made of bread, milk, &c.
r 4.9-' Asd dasht, Name of a village near Ispahn.
G J-- isfyush, (or J---') (Yxioy) Seed of flea
Wort.
A $. isk, (iv of J-) Watering, giving drink, sprinkling.
Wishing well. Deaining. L!" U. Watering of horses.
A -- is kb, (1v of C-5-) Begetting she-colts (a camel).
A 2'-' iskd, (1v of Ai-) Extenuating, emaciating.
A PV-1 askt, (pl. of la- sakat) Goods, furniture of little
value. Iskt, (1v of as.) Causing to fall. Taking away.
Casting her young (a camel). Committing a blunder (in writ
a J-" iskl, (X,xtaxa) A kind of weed. A shrimp, a prawn.
A J- Askalan, (ii EB. tpus) Askelon in Palestine.
A - askam, (pl. of -- sakam) Diseases, infirmities.
Iskam, (iv of il.) Making sick.
A. e- askan, Extenuated, lank sides. Iskn, (IV of eji-)
Polishing (a sword).
A C-i- askub, (pl. of C-3-' sakb) Tent-poles. Male fetuses
(of camels). Long. Plump, gross, fat.
A is "aska, Tall, large-boned (man). Having lost the
hair (camel). Crooked. Meal, flour. Uskuf, (Erionowo;) A
bishop. Abject, contemptible. An electuary for curing wind
and cholics. Name of a place.
A&#3- uskufiyat, (from -- usku) Episcopacy.
a J-' askal, (Xalaxa) Squills.
G U--- askalbiyas, (Aazanrix;) The herb swallow-wort.
a U-Ali- iskaltas, ("Aapaxto:) Jew's-pitch.
P & K-1 Iskimbah, Satan.
GJ-i- iskankar, (X,x,ywo:) The skink (a kind of lizard).
r2:- uskur, Water used by the Muhammadans for purifi
cation. A porcupine, a hedge-hog.
G ex- iskurdiyn, (X,x6c8ow) Germander (a plant).
G c- iskurun, (Xxoga) Dross of metal, particularly iron.
GL:- uskulus, (Kaxa) Glue, starch.
ge- iskuluandariyn, (Xxoxorvetow) Spleenwort.
 c-)
Ali-laskiyat, (pl. of Ui-sik) Bottles. Particles of water.
Watery clouds.
6 J iskil, (Xaawa) A squill. A prawn, a shrimp.
re" Asak, Name of a place near ej) Arrajan.
r- isk, A courier, a post-horse.
A t asakk, Having no ears, small-eared.
A -- iskb, The stopple of a leathern bottle. (for -
iskf) A shoe-maker.
Ace'... askt, A wandering soldier. The remains of a
thing. The temperate season after the heat of summer. <2%.
** Name of a certain island. Iskt, (iv of c--) Pacifying, fetus in the womb. Isl, (iv of 1-) Consoling, comforting.
soothing, silencing.
AJ- iskr, (1v ofA-) Intoxicating. Dimness of sight.
A-3%-lisk, A shoe-maker. A workman, a mechanic.
AJK-' askl, (pl. of J-sikl) Species of large black fish.
A JK- iskn, (iv. ofe-) Giving repose. (in gram.) Mak
ing a letter quiescent. Causing one to stay, remain, continue to
dwell. Rendering poor, miserable, or contemptible.
r &&. isknah, The calf of the leg, the fleshy part of the
foot.
p w- Askawand, Name of a mountain in Sistan.
A J- iskatni, (dual) The two lips or sides of the matrix.
p24- uskudar, An ambassador, an envoy, a messenger, or
courier. Name of a king.
AK- askar, Drunk, intoxicated. Name of a city in Ahwz.
p w- askardan, To bruise, to grind.
**- iskirk, The hiccough. A sigh, a sob.
P%- uskurah (or 4-K-), A saucer, a little plate or dish.
A -- Askariy, A native of Askar.
A -- aska (or 35%, uski), A shoe-maker.
A& uskufat, The threshold. The extremity of the eye-lid,
from whence the hairs grow.
A J- askan, More quiet, placid, or gentle.
'- askanj, Fetid breath.
r-" iskand, A rope-dancer, stage-player. Rope-dancing.
P J- iskandan, A tomb-stone. A lock.
*A*- Iskandar, (Ala#ay?go;) Alexander.
* ex~ iskandarn, The two thighs. The thigh.
*u-j (-) Iskandaris, Name of the mother or sons of Alex
ander.
AJ& Iskandarian, Alexandria or Alexandretta, near
Aleppo in Syria (Scanderoon).
* *5*- iskandary, Relating to Iskandar, Alexandrian.
***{- Iskandariyah, Alexandria in Egypt.
*-- iskank, An adze. A winble, an auger.
* " iskanah, The thigh.
t- Askicr, Scutari (in Turkey).
A-K-luskb, Lightning flashing on the surface of the earth.
A row of palm-trees. A shoe-maker. A stopple, a plug.
'
p t- uskikh, Purchase. Separation.
91 U-)
A ix.' uski, A shoe-maker. -
rj...' iskis (or jl), A kick, a caper, a bound. Swift.
PJ- isglish, Thought, meditation. Thoughtful.
t- usguzr, A ferry. A port.
r_<! usgur, A porcupine.
p six...' asgandah, Name of an Indian plant.
P e Msgn, The Caspian sea. Name of a country.
A J-1 asal, A bull-rush. A tree with long prickles. A prickle,
thorn, point of a spear, ear of corn, &c. Having a long jaw-bone.
A -l asl, (pl. of M. sal.) Thin membranes enveloping the
A c-" islb, (1v of --) Casting her foal (a camel).
Losing its leaves or fruit (a tree). Running fast. Snatching.
A J-4- islas, (1v of v4-) Producing an abortion (a camel).
Having its roots torn up or laid bare (a palm-tree).
A - aslag, (pl. of s- sile) Fissures in mountains. Para
bles. Islt, (1v of t) Receiving a blow or a cut on the head.
A 3-' asl, (pl. of -i- salaf) Ancestors, remote or an
cient kindred. (pl. of -i- silf) One's nearest relations or allies.
The husbands of a man's wife's sisters. Isl; (iv of -il-) Lend
ing without interest. Paying before due, or in advance.
AJ}- aslk, (pl. of & salkat) Plain level grounds, con
sisting of good soil. Islak, (1v of c-) Passing a stick through
the handles of two sacks for the conveniency of carriage. Hunt
ing a she-wolf.
A c-" islk, (1v of <<!-) Inserting one thing into another.
A J)- isll, (1v of J- salla) Extracting, drawing out gently.
Retiring softly. Losing one's teeth. Suffering from a consump
tion. Visiting with consumption (God). Bribing. A present
for the purpose of corruption and bribery. Theft.
A c- isln, (1v of ~) Paying in advance. Obedience to
the will of God, submission, humbling one's self, resigning one's
self to the divine disposal. Avoiding the commission of evil ac
tions. Turning Musulmn. The true or orthodox faith, among
the Muhammadans. Being in health, peace, and safety. De
ceiving, betraying, abandoning. c- Js. The faithful, the
true believers. * *
T J-k- Islmbul (or Islambol), Constantinople.
A J- islmy, Faithful, orthodox; a Muhammadan, Otto
man." 3-4- Ak- Precepts of religion. )." 4. The
Ottoman Empire.
A J. asalat A bull-rush. A mat or any thing made of bull
rushes. Any straight tree or stick. The tip (of the tongue,
elbow, finger, heel, &c.) the point (of a spear or thorn). The
penis (of a bull, camel, &c.).
A ---' as lat, Amputated in the nose. Name of a poet.
A&A- aslihat, (pl. of c- silah) Military arms.
A *- aslakh, Bald-headed. Very red.
Ala-' aslat, Very eloquent.
N 2
 ~) 92
~)
A s- aslat, Cracked in the hoof. Leprous. J' Verbal nouns. --5-e V-1 The names or attributes of
A $- aslagh, Hard tough flesh of old cattle, unfit for cooking. God. V-1, The knowledge of names, i.e. of the attributes of
A '- aslam, More or most safe, secure, certain. God. Ism, (1v of x~) Naming, calling. Raising up, exalt
P g- aslanj, Horse-tail (a plant), ing. Going to *- Samawat.
A c- is mah, (1v of e-) Being easy, submissive, obedient,
A cal- islintah, (111 of c- Q) Lying supine. pliant, governable.
A-" islink, (iii of s- Q) Lying on one's back. ry-T asmar, The myrtle-tree.
A t- islinkt, (111 of t-i- Q) Coruscation, glare. AJ- asmr, (pl. of re-samar) Nocturnal conversations,
P -- uslub, A kind of food. Name of a sage and a king.
A -,-] uslub, Order, way, mode, means, measure, manner, evening entertainments, stories. Ismr, (1v of,4-) Nailing.
A PV-1 asmt, (pl. of a-- samit) Single or thin breeches, not
method, form. A lion's neck. \ }- usluban, Methodically.
stuffed or lined with cotton, &c. Single shoes, slippers, or sandals.
A&A. usliifat, That affinity which one man bears to another A &\- asmt, (pl. of 8-4- same) The ears. Ismt, (iv of
who has married his wife's sister.
A - islihmm, (Iv of r q) Changing (colour or smell). *-*-) Hearing. Causing to hear, relating. Reproaching, re
viling. Singing. Putting a handle (to a bucket).
AJ- asliy, Pronounced, or formed by the tip of the tongue.
A Je-" Ismfil, Ishmael.
a- asliyat, (pl. of M. sil) Butter (of cow's milk). A &cu-" Ismliyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
a c- islih, A species of herb, the feeding on which encreases
A Ju- asml, (pl. of & L- samalat) Waters remaining at
the milk of camels. Froth. Milk without froth. A camel's
the bottom of cisterns or other vessels. Tears which flow from
bunch, rather long. excessive hunger. Isml, (1v of J.-) Making peace, com
P - is limi, A species of painting.
posing differences. Being old and worn out (a garment).
A -lism.
- 2 A name,3 noun.
* -- or *** -), The great Cleaning (a well).
name, the name of God. The great names or attributes of the re-T asuman (or asmn), Heaven, the celestial orb. It is
Deity are 100, of which the following five are most generally so called, according to some Persian authors, from its spherical
made use of, al" (the He), ev-y (merciful), - (compas figure, being compounded of J-7 resembling, and e." a myrtle,
sionate), -2, (the Lord), <<!- (King). *- -- An inter whose head is round; whilst others derive it from L and x \,
rogative particle. $24.) -- A demonstrative pronoun. -- signifying, Like a mill-stone, which it resembles in its revolu
&T Noun of instrument. '-- \ -- Worthy of the name (it tions. Also the name of a genius who presides over the 27th
bears), whose name is expressive of its qualities. -- A day of every Persian solar month. Some consider this genius to
perfect noun. 2* - A diminutive noun. Jris - A. be the same with Murdd or Asrael, the angel of death. J-1
comparative or a superlative noun. -- A primitive
A c- c, The ninth heaven.
noun. t:-- J.---- A generic or
The plural number. A J- ismn, (iv of c-) Buttering any thing. Possess
appellative noun. Jj -- Adverb of time. '- -- A no ing, buying, or giving away, fat (cattle).
ble or exalted name. J A pronoun. -- Ad P j-T asmanjuni, A sapphire, a hyacinth.

verb of time and place. QAc, | A noun of number. "
Je Noun of agency (act, partic.). Ja, | A verbal noun
(infin. mood). *A**- Noun of multitude. &\- -- Noun
of excess, or intensity. $2. -- Noun of unity; as 3.xx; kutdat,
A single session. C--c . | A derivative noun. Ja -- The
Aas-- A diminutive noun. --
infinitive or noun of action.
34. A noun in construction. J - An abstract noun.
J- -- The passive participle." 3,\x. -- A determinate
noun. J%. -- Noun of place. -->-c -- A relative noun.
5K, -- An indeterminate noun. &: ~! A specific noun; as
&S kitbat, The art of writing. i.e., *- An adjective. --
\e, Noun of the vessel; as mihlab, A milk-pail, from
-- halaba, He milked.
* L sum, (or J-T sumn) Heaven. High. A witch,
a sorceress. Name of a place.
r. Asm, A woman's name.
A V-1 asm, (pl. of - ism for 5- sumw) Names.
P www. asman-darah, The galaxy or milky way.
r &\,... asmnah, Heaven. A ceiling, a roof, a story, a floor.
P j-T asumni or asmn, Heavenly. Azure, hyacinthine.
PJj-T asumani-tr, A meteor, a falling star.
P Jjj-T smnz-zabn, Angel-tongued, eloquent.
A -l-' asmwt, (pl. of ~) ism) Names.
A ye- is midrar, (Iv of y- Q) Being weak-sighted.
A 2- asmar, Brown, tawny, dusky. Asmur, (pl. of 3,4-
samurat) Egyptian thorns.
A .e.,) asmarani, Wheat and water. Water and a spear.
A t- asmut, (pl. of 8-4- same) Ears.
A J- Ismal, (Heb. *Rypw) Ishmael, the son of Abraham,
from whom the Arabians claim descent, being called Ismalun.
The Arabians say that Abraham intending to put him to death,
was stopped by the angel Gabriel, who substituted a ram in his
.V.) Place, which the father and son sacrificed on the spot where they
 e-)
afterwards built the Kaabah, or Square Temple at Mecca.
Name of several kings of Persia of the Safi dynasty.
A cl-" is mighdd; (iv of Ak- oy Being in a rage.
A&a-lasmikat, Pieces of wood put into the pails, upon which
the milk drops.
A J- asman, More or most fat, jolly, plump, gross, lusty.
r x_ ismand, A liar. Giddy, frightened, confounded.
r x. Asmand, Name of a village near Samarcand.
PJ- asmandar, A salamander.
A -- asmusa, A species of marjoram. Wild carrot.
p t- Asmt, Name of a demon, one of the principal emis
saries of Ahraman (the devil), according to the system of the
Magi. His employment is to sow discords in families, law-suits
among neighbours, and wars between princes.
r & T simah, Astonished, confounded, stupified.
A}*- ismihrr, (111 of t 0) Becoming stiff and dry
(a thorn). Being thick (darkness). Waxing valiant in fight.
A J- asma, More high or honourable. Ismy, Nominal.
a & asmiyat, (pl. of V. sam) The heavens. Rains.
A JA-lismidd, (x1 of A.) Swelling with rage.
AJ- ismirr, (x1 of,) Being of a tawny colour.
A.J.-) ismill, (x, of J.-) Being thin and meagre.
re-1 sin, Left. Taken, received. A large platter of brass.
Name of Muhammad's second wife.
A J-7 asin (or e- asin), Corrupted, stinking (water).
A J- asan or asn, (from J-0 Being changed, corrupted (as
water). Fainting on going into a well or reservoir, being af
fected by foul air, or any noxious effluvia.
p J- asan (or J ashan), Agarment turned. A fresh melon.
A J- usun, Disposition, temper, habit or mode of living.
Name of a mountain and of a valley in Arabia. Usun or isn,
A single rope or thong, with several of which twisted together
they make bridles or halters. Remains of fat (about an animal).
A J- asann, Of a more advanced age.
Ae- asunn, (pl. of cr sinn) Teeth.
Al-'Asni, Name of a city in Upper Thebes, in Egypt.
Al-' isn, (iv of3.) Exalting, raising. Remaining a whole
year at any place. Suffering from the barrenness or inclemency
of a season.
A c-' isnt, (iv of c-c.) (A rich man, but of mean birth)
marrying a noble lady, without fortune. Suffering from scarcity.
At- asnkh, (pl. of &- sinkh) Paroxysms. Roots of the
teeth.
49- asnd, Credentials. Deeds, patents. Official grants.
Law-papers. A Ismd, (1v of A.) Causing to lean. Bringing
*r. Imputing, attributing, arraigning, impeaching. Alleg
ing; an allegation on the authority of another. Ascending a
"untain. The steepness or declivity of a mountain.
* 9. Ismd, Name of the 26th day of the solar month.
Ak- asnt, (pl. of u... sint) Beardless (youths).
93 2-)
A &\- isne, (1v of 8-) Being lame in the pastern.
A c- isn, (iv of ix.) Putting on the girth called s
sinf. Doing (business) well. Outstripping in a race (a mare).
Ju- isnk, (1v of , ;-) Elating, puffing up (riches).
A
A al- isnm, (1v of -) Rising up (smoke or blaze).
A J- asnn, (pl. of cr sinn) Teeth. (pl. of J- sinn)
Spears, javelins, the points of spears. J- 2-2, 3 An engage
ment with spears. p 393 S .e.-- The two and thirty teeth.
Isnn, (iv of ex-sanna) Being advanced in years. Shooting
forth (a tooth). Breeding teeth (an animal). Having large
teeth. Making (the teeth) grow. Cleaning the teeth.
A 3- asinnat, (pl. of e- sinn,) Points of spears, halberds,
lances, javelins, or arrows.
P J-f Asinistn, Name of the father of Wnik's wife.
A s-- asnat, Long and tall. Longer. More excellent.
A 3-1 asnimat, (pl. of c- sanm,) Camels bunches. Ri
sing grounds, particularly such as command the sea.
P J-7| Asni, Name of Muhammad's second wife.
A J- asna, More or most high, or sublime. Clear, bright.
Older, more ancient.
r:-T s, The white weasel. A boot, buskin. A part, side.
A :-) asw (from :-), Curing, healing. Composing diffe
rences. Leaving remains (at dinner, &c.).
p :-) usu, A part, a side. Robbery, seizure.
A:- asuw, A medicine, a salve for a wound.
A *:- aswa-a, Deformed.
A \,-] aswa (pl. of T- sawa-a), Equals.
A <!- is wa-a (1v of 5-), Neglecting, abandoning.
P -f aswadak, The white weasel ; also another species
of animal.
A y-" aswr, (pl. of 25- sur) Walls. Name of a city in Up
per Fgypt. Iswar or uswr, A horseman. Skilled in horse
manship, sitting well on horse-back. A darter of javelins.
A - aswat, (pl. of x- saict) Scourges, whips.
A 3);-) Al aswf, Name of a place in Madina.
A J':- aswk, (pl. of J-suk) Streets, market-places, squares.
A e':- Aswan, A town in Egypt (Syene).
rj- asubar, (in anc. Pers.) A horseman.
A --> iswat or uswat, A chief, a leader, a distinguished
man, an exemplar. Comfort, whatever alleviates pain, a com
forter. Equality. Perfection. Imitation. A friend, a com
panion. A column, a support.
AJW-> iswijrr, (1v of ,--> 0) Putting a collar on a dog.
A e;-) aswad, Black, blacker, blackest. More or most illus
trious or powerful (from A-, sayyid, a lord). A sparrow. A
large kind of black serpent. The Arabians (other nations being
by them called J- Red). r) ex- Name of a mountain
from which they excavate large cauldrons of stone. c) e;-)
Name of a mountain. Usud, (pl. of ~) asad) Lions,
A c- iswiddd, (1x of 95-) Being black, or dark-coloured.
 J 94
A J-) al astradani, The two blacks, as dates and water
(being the chief food of the Arabians) : A serpent and a scor
pion : Night, and a black stone.
A 595- astradat, The female large black serpent. As widat,
(pl. of - sawd) Bodies. -
P 9,-7 sdagi, Quiet, repose, tranquillity, content.
P J-T sdan, To rest. To die. To quiet, pacify, silence.
p sex-T sdah, Peaceable, quiescent, at rest, asleep. Free.
Full, glutted, satiated. se' 2 s-T Quiet and free.
p s- usudah, Feeling, handling, touching.
f Ju- se:-" sdah-hl, Tranquil. Full, replete.
r_> aswar, Cavalry. A horseman. Mounted. (in anc. Pers.)
The day before yesterday.
A 3,5- aswirat, (pl. of M- sitcar) Bracelets.
A - asf, Sad, inclined to melancholy, easily affected,
prone to grief, tender-hearted.
A J:- aswak, Having long and handsome legs. Tall. Suc
cessive, consecutive. Asuk, (pl. of J- sak), Legs. Trunks
(of trees). Tails. Children of the same sex. Things of the
same sort. Male pigeons. Afflictions.
A J- usul, Having a flagging, pendulous (belly). A low
hanging (cloud).
A &;-) aswilah, (pl. of J- suwal) Questions.
A ex- usun, (from J-) Corruption, fetidness. Kicking the
backside, or giving it a slap with the hand. Seeking an accusa
tion against one. Taking after his father (a son).
A ;-) as wiy, (pl. of s:- sawiy) Right. Equal. Entire.
A **:- is widad, (x1 of ex-) Being very black.
p &l asah, Yawning, stretching. A mill. Pilosity, prickli
neSS. A fish-bone. A field ready for sowing. Liquorice.
A \-" is-h, (1v of 2:-) Constructing a bench. See S-.
A -l-' is-hb, (iv of --) Talkativeness, garrulity. Going
into the desert. Gallopping. Finding a stratum of sand when
digging for water. Losing one's senses, changing colour (from
love, fear, disease, or the bite of a venomous animal).
A 24-) is-hd, (iv of 24-) Keeping one awake.
Aj- is-hr, (1v of ji-) Rendering watchful, arousing.
A J-Wis-hl, (iv of J-) Loosening, purging, lubricating,
facilitating. Coming to soft ground. Pe-Ju-" A bloody flux.
A c- is-ham, (1v of s-) Casting lots.
A c-) as-hn, Soft sands.
A . Ji- as-harn, (dual) The nose and penis. Two veins
in the eye, and two in the nose. Two spermatic vessels.
A J-las-hal, More or most easy.
A J sa', More or most sad, anxious.
p J-1 asi, The wife of a man who has another wife.
A us- asi, Grieving, melancholy, solicitous, sorrowful.
*A C) asiya, (fut. 3ya-sa') He was sad.
A c.) asay, (from J-') Being sorrowful, solicitous, anxious.
Saddening, rendering anxious. Healing a wound.
J
A isa' or usa, (pl. of $x- iswat, or usivat). Usa', Patience.
* Q- aszy, A physician, a surgeon. A pillar, a column.
The traces or ruins of a habitation.
A J- asy, Healed, cured. Afflicted, dejected.
* - i.ivi, (--T isyb, or f asys) A mill. Li,
An ass-mill. --T .--" A mill without water. eft L-7
A piece of wood, which by striking moves the mill-hopper.
r asy, Black. (in anc. Pers.) The breast.
re's s-T siy-i-bd, A wind-mill.
P e." \-7 asiya-ban, A miller. -
A c- asyah, (pl. of *- sayh) Running waters. Striped
garments.
* ej |-f asiya-zan (or e; \-7 sy-zn), A mill-wright.
P &\-7 asiya-zanah, An instrument for cutting a mill-stone.
* <- \-7 sy-sang, A mill-stone. -
A - asy, (pl. of -i- say) Swords. (pl. of -i-
s?f) Shores, coasts.
A e- asyan, Sad, mournful.
r &\-7 asiynah, A whet-stone.
P ~" asib, Trouble, molestation, perturbation, misery, ca
lamity, wretchedness, affliction, hurt, injury, damage, loss. Dis
sension, discord, sedition. The shock or concussion of a body of
men, pressing upon, struggling, or fighting with one another.
A hug, an embrace. A. ~ asib-nazr, A fatal accident in
consequence of witchcraft.
A & T siyat, (pl. of J- aszy) Healed, cured. A female
physician or surgeon, a woman who circumcises girls. A co
lumn, large pillar, prop, support, the main-beam of a house.
A buttress, stay, safe-guard.A woman's name.
A 2-) usayyid, (dim. of ex- aswad) Blackish.
A **- usayyidiy, Partaking of a blackish colour.
AJ- asir, Bound with thongs, chained in fetters. A prisoner,
a captive, a slave. Imprisoned. Twisted, folded, entangled.
s 2- A sensualist. P cL- To take prisoner.
*2- Asir, Name of a fortress.
5- usayrat, Bound. A captive.
A
P %- asirak, A slice of a melon.
P3-) asir-gir, Taking prisoners. A slave-dealer.
Af r- aszri, Captivity, slavery, bondage, imprisonment. -
A U- asis, A substitute, succedaneum, any thing used in:
stead of another. A foundation. Usays, Name of a place.
A - asyu, (pl. of -i- say) Swords. Asif, Grieving,
sorrowful, angry. A servant, a hired labourer, a mercenary.
A follower, a client. Barren (field), (that neither becomes
rich, nor fattens). A frail decrepid old man.
A *-- as fat, (fem. of -i- asi) Barren (soil).
A J-) asil, Smooth, equal, taper, long. ** J- asilu'l
Khadd, (A horse) having small and smooth cheek-bones. **
J-) &atu'l asil, Name of a well.
 \t.)
A 1.) Asilat, Name of a well in Arabia.
A '- usaylam, The vein running between the middle and
ring-fingers, salvatella.
*- sim, (in anc. Pers.) A man of rank.
Ar- usaymir, (dim. of ~ asmar) Of a duskish colour.
P *-T isimah, (~7 asmah, or J- *-T as imah-sar)
Astonished, amazed, stupified, confused. Dark, malevolent.
P 4" asimah-dimgh, Drunk. Crack-brained.
A 3-lasinat, A strong tough cord, bow-string, &c. Firm
ness, toughness, hardness. A leathern thong, with several of
which, twisted or plaited, they make reins or halters.
A. ex- Usyut, Name of a mountain.
v-- asiyus, (Aaio;) A stone which produces nitre. A Striving to compass the death of another. Defiling with blood.
powder growing on the top of a stone, like salt. Fixt alkaline salt.
f ex-l asiwan, (for 4-t-1 asimah) Stupified, astonished.
r f Asiyah, Name of Pharaoh's wife who educated Moses.
P J ash, Meat, victuals, viands, soup, broth,
a kind of dish made with barley. Dressed, cooked. Jv
Castor (a medicine given to infants). cz-L! To stir up one
against another, 2255 U. Gruel for the sick. ;- v:
Barley-water, water-gruel. 4) Js-L Pottage of lentils.
J-J" Rice-gruel. c J To cook.
P J ash, (orU.) when added to a noun or verb, signifies his,
him, &c., as J sl. His house; J. His father.
Av ash, (or J" aysh) How what? what thing? for
what? Is it not? 3'- U ash haluka, How do you do?
$A J ashsha, (fut. J ya-ashshu) He was nimble.
A J ashsh, (from J ashsha) Rising up against, making a
commotion, being stimulated to any thing bad. Petulance, in
solence, Drybread, without condiment.
rl ash, (the same as U.7 as) Like, resembling, as.
Atlash, The dwarf palm-tree. Name of a place in Mau
ritania, Isha, Name of a mountain and valley.
rjl ashbz, Name of the 26th day of every month in the
ancient Persian solar year.
A j ashbniy, Red, rosy, any thing of a deep red.
A& ushabat, A miscellaneous collection, a crowd of people.
Wealth (whether fairly or villainously acquired).
A sl Ashat, Name of a tribe in Hazramawt.
A S-\ ashji, (pl. of t-s ishja:) The joints of the
fingers which are next to the hand.
At ishah and ushah, (for c, wishh and c, wushah)
A belt or girdle of leather, adorned with jewels, worn by the
ladies round their waists. -
A-l. ishihat, (1v of **) Being diligent in doing any
thing. Being on one's guard. Turning away the face. Whisk
ing his tail (a horse). Producing the plant ** shih (the earth).
A s." ishdat,(iv of M) Raising an edifice. Knowing.
Reading aloud. Declaring, publishing, making known.
A j) ishrt, (pl. of ~*A*) is harat) Signs, indices.
95 --~~)
A cl) ishrat, (or x,\}) ishrah) (1v of 93*) Gathering
honey. Pointing, nodding. Advising, persuading. Command
ing. A sign, token, mark, signal, wink, nod, wave with the
hand. A note, an asterisk. p 9,3 <2* He made a signal.
J <2\*) To point out, to make a sign, to hint, to intimate.
A syll ashra' or ushra', (pl. of J ashrn) Lively,
sprightly, cheerful, wanton. -
A 2'-3' ashrr, (pl. of <2\,) ishrarat, q.v.)
A J ashsh, (or &Us" ashshat) Agility, alacrity, mirth,
exultation, petulance, sauciness.
A &Ls) ishtat, (1v of l) Burning up. Destroying. Dis
tributing the whole (of a slaughtered camel). Shedding blood.
A 3.2L: ishatasat, (Men) perplexed in their affairs.
A ,-\ ashair, (pl. of A * ashtar) Hairs that grow about the
hoofs of cattle.
A 4-4.) ishsah,
Flesh that grows under the mails.
(iv of 83) Publishing, divulging, diffusing,
spreading about or abroad. Appointing an attendant, a follower,
a helper. Scattering urine (a camel).
A 33." ishat, (iv of 5; ) Being at the point of Fearing.
A. <<! asha", (pl. of us ishfa') Cobblers' awls. (pl. of
t shif) Medicines. 33) Alushy, Name of a valley.
Puj' ashk, A boy, a slave.
A_i\,'" Ashkir, Name of a tribe in Arabia Felix.
A vari." Al ashks, Name of a place.
A Ju-" ishlat, (1v of J*) Lifting up.
p f ashm, Potation. Victuals. Water in which rice has
been boiled. Like, in the manner of (in comp.) A drinker:
aS --" y. sharb-asham, A drinker of wine. *7A:
:ahr-asham, Poisoned, envenomed, poisonous. *Te- khn
shm, Tinged with blood, bloody, sanguinary. rf 4
shualah-asham, Burning, inflamed. The country of Assam.
A t ash-am, More or most unfortunate.
P**) ashan, Food sufficient to support life.
r x-c shmindah, A drinker.
Pe-ff ashamidan, To drink. -
Jar ashamidanz, Anything drinkable, fit to be drunk.
P
Ae ish-an, (1v of e) Corrupting, perverting, marring.
A *...) ashwih, (pl. of s, sht) Sheep.
A -**) ashawz, (pl. of shay-a) Things.
A su." Ushhim, Name of a town.
A ashyib, (pl. of &\ ushbat) Crowds. Mixtures.
A asha-im, (pl. of ** ash-am) Unfortunate. Left
hands.
P --~7 Ashab, Name of a place. Ashib, Trouble, disquiet.
A --~~) ashb, (from ~\) Mixing, mingling, involving,
implying. Reprehending, abusing, reviling, despising. Ashab,
Intertwined (as palm-trees). Enmity, dissimulation. Intricate
business. Knots. Ashib, Involved, mingled, confused.
 <-->)
A\ ishb, (1v of J-s) Begetting a clever ingenious lad.
Taking after the father (a son). Honouring.
A -) ishbb, (iv of --- shabba) Having children grow
ing up. Growing old (an ox). Making a horse curvet. Ex
citing. Causing to grow up; enduing with youth and vigour.
A c ashbah, (pl. of shabah or shabh) Bodies.
AA-3) ashbar, (pl. of r, shibr) Palms, spans. Ishbar, (Iv
of rs) Giving (money, a sword, &c.). Spanning.
A <2\,) Ashbrt, Name of a city of Turkistan.
A **) ishbe, (iv of 8-8) Satiating, satisfying. Dying
(cloth), impregnating it with a sufficient quantity of colour.
Commending one's self beyond decency.
A J ashbal, (pl. of U.S. shibl) The whelps of a lion or
other wild beast. J 3. The father of the whelps, the lion.
Ishbal, (1v of J) Shewing favour, or fondness (a woman).
Declining a second marriage that she may attend to the educa
tion of the children of her deceased husband. Being followed
by a large colt (a camel).
A s ashbh, (pl. of 4. shibh) Pictures, images. Ishbah,
(1v of 4-3.) Resembling, taking after.
A 3.5" ushbat, A wolf.
P J ishbakhun, (or ex=") Vomiting. The dock plant.
p *T ashab-gh, A privy.
A J ashbal, (A camel) with a large sheath. Ashbul, (pl. of made of wool and camel's hair, such as the kings of Persia wear.
J shibl) Lions' whelps.
p :-) ashbu, A chafing dish.
A 4" ashbah, More or most beautiful. Most resembling.
Pus, A 4-3.) ashbah-i maghrabi, Sarsaparilla.
A &:- Ashbnah, Lisbon.
P -**) ishpat, A kind of weasel.
r f fish-pas, (j-7, J-7 or er), A cook.
pU ushpus, A louse.
p :) ishpishah, A moth, a weevil. A wood-louse.
ry ashpaghur, Seed of the herb fleawort.
P <<! ashpak, Roes or eggs of fish, especially of the stur
geon, caviar.
G J-k ashpalts, ('Adrxago;) A prickly shrub.
P Jr ishpukhtan (or ishpkhtan), To sprinkle, to scatter.
P &lishpikhtah, Aspergula (Ladies' bed-straw).
A \, :) isht, (1v of 5-3.) Entering on the winter-season.
p -a-..." ushtb (for ~\ shitb), Haste, dispatch.
A c-" ashtt, (pl. of c-, shatt) Distinct, separate, dis
persed. Ishtt, (1v of c-, shatta) Dispersing, separating.
p cult." Ishtd, The 26th day of the month. A section of the
book of Zardusht (Zoroaster).
A.J.) ishtr, (1v of 2-3) Rendering the eye-lids inverted
and relaxed.
P east- ishttan, To hasten.
p = <!\,...) ishtlang, The leg, ankle, or heel. Dice.
96 C. :-)
**) ishtibak, (v11.1 of <<) Confusion, mixture.
A
Doubt. Darkness. Being caught in a net. Adorning.
A ***) ishtibah, (viii of 4-5) Doubt, ambiguity, scruple.
Obscurity. Comparison, similitude, resemblance. * , a
Without doubt. sl. <<!; 44; A citadel resembling heaven,
high as the firmament.
a J-) ishtibhi, Suspicious.
A --> ishtitat, (VIII of G- shatta) Being scattered.
A_\;=\ ishtijar, (v11.1 of, s) Putting the hand to the chin.
Leaning on the elbow. Quarrelling.
A 2'-x..) ishtidad, (v111 of ~& shadda) Being fortified, con
firmed, strengthened. Firmness, vehemence, force, violence,
obstinacy. Blowing vehemently, rushing with violence.
AA-3) ashtar, Having inverse eye-lids. A man's name.
r_<! ushtur, (s SY) A camel.
Ay ishtira, (v11.1 of 5-3) Buying, selling; trade, barter.
Ak ishtirat, (v111 of **) Imposing conditions.
A-3) ishtiraf, (v111 of -5,-4) Standing erect, upright.
A
A. ishtirak, (v11.1 of %) Entering into partnership.
A
Company, partnership, participation, society. ***, r*
In a partnership-way, by equal division.
P e 2 ' Ishtarn, Name of a king.
re ushtur-bn, A camel-driver or keeper.
P&\;<! ushturbnah (or *\;<\ ushturabah), A garment
Per/- ushtur-bin, Quick-sighted.
P*A*) ushtur-py, (Camel's foot) Penny-royal.
r_j\}<x<\ ushtur-khar (or j-'), Camel's thistle. A ser
pent. A tike, a louse infesting camels.
rjea's ushtur-dr, A camel-keeper, or owner, one who has
the principal charge or management of camels.
P ushtur-dri, Skill in the management of camels.
P Ja ushtur-dil, Camel-hearted, timid, pusillanimous.
Malicious, revengeful.
r sj" ushtur-zahrah, Timid, slow, languid.
P J) ushtur-ghn, Sage, clary, or spurge.
P <<! ushtarak, A wave of the sea.
P %2. ushtur-ka, A phoenix, a griffin.
r & ;32 :) ushtur-gw-palang, The camelopard.
p\ S.A.:) ushtur-giy, A thorny plant eaten by camels.
P r ushtur-murgh, The ostrich.
r_> -) ushtur-mr, An animal in form like an ant, in size
equal to a sheep.
P \;<\ ushtur-wa, A covering of camel's hair.
p_\;<\ ushtur-war, A camel's burden. Camel's hair.
P ) ushturgh, A prickly herb eaten by camels.
A Waasl ishtit-a, (viii of "las) Sprouting, shooting forth.
Ablaz) ishtitt, (v111 of la: shatta) Exceeding bounds
Giving an unjust verdict. Leading (a horse) from pasture.
A J-Wishtical, (v111 of J) Inflaming. Hoarines.
 --~) 97 **)
Jlishtighr, (viii of A.) Being very many (numbers), A s..." ishtiyf; (v111 of -5,-4) Looking with out stretched
and difficult to cast up. Travelling far in the desert. neck. Watching (the lightning) to discover whether it will rain.
A J ishtighl, (v111 of J) Occupation, employment. A c- ishtiyk, (viii of J) Wish, longing, desire (to see

A'." ishtia, (v111 of ) Recovering health. any absent person or thing). P e J To desire. Jz
A-sl) ishtiaf (v111 of --: shaffa) Taking the whole of e-A s, J..." To express love and affection (at the be
anything. Doing (a thing) attentively. ginning of letters). .
A J ishtikk, (v111 of G shakka) Derivation of one noun P& 9 J ishtiyk-nmah, Letters expressive of desire
from another. Being divided into two parts. Taking a half. r affection.
Speaking discursively and little to the purpose (in a debate). A J ishtiyl, (v111 of J*) Being lifted up.
r & ishtak or ushtuk, Swaddling clothes. A 3-l ashtiyat, (pl. of \ shit) Winters.
A G-lishtiki, (viii of K) Lamentation, complaint, mourn- P Js Ashikhan, Name of a town near Samarcand.
ing. Making a churn from the skin of a kid. P sys- s shti-khrah, Sweatmeats sent from one to

Ay) ishtikr, (v11.1 of K) Raining plentifully. Being
collected in a large quantity in the udder (milk).
r- ishtalhuna, A sceptre.
p Al- ushtulum, Firm. Impotence. Terror, consternation,
another on a reconciliation taking place between them.
P * ishtin,
Drawers, long hose. Pus, matter.
P *ashtnah, An egg.
P ushaj, Gum ammoniac, galbanum, assafoetida.

fear. Impatience. A groan, exclamation. Dominion, sway, rule. A * ashajj, Having a broken head.

Ushtulam, War, contest, conflict, tumult, affray. J **) A Us ishja, (1v of **) Strangling, throttling.

ushtulum kurdan, To confirm. To force, oblige, conquer, over-
come. To rule, regulate, to reign despotically. To exclaim,
groan, Ushtulam kardan, To fight. To stir up sedition.
** ashtim (or **) ashtim), The pus of a wound.
A 3\s ishja:, (1v of &s=") Raining gently. Injuring.
A_\s ashjar, (pl. of As shajr) Mouths, chins, (pl. of, s
shajar) Trees. Ishjar, (1v of ,<) Abounding in trees.
Lsl ashjan, (pl. ofess shjan) Necessaries, Anxieties,
A

A Jaz ishtimal, (v111 of J4.) Consisting of Compre-
hending, containing. Wrapping one's self up in a garment.
A. ishtimam, (v11.1 of: shamma) Smelling, snuffing up.
rf isitan-gh (fors.--T bishtan-gh), A necessary.
r;-- ashtu, A ring. Ushti (or \;<\ ushtuwa), A hearth.
A chaing-dish. Charcoal. Herbage. A finger.
griefs, phins. Ishjn, (iv of cs") Grieving, afflicting.
a s ashjar, Abounding in trees. Woody.
A *s ashja:, More or most brave, active, nimble. A lion.
A serpent. Name of a tribe. Ishjat, The root or joint of the
finger next to the hand; (the third joint of the finger and
second of the thumb). 4.

P&;" ushtuicnah, (contr. from <\;<\) A finger-ring.
*** Ashtd, Name of the second of the five intercalary
days added to the Persian year.
P * ashtum, Pease-stubble or straw. A besom of the same.
p 5.f fishth, (3,-" ashth, ushth, or sy; ' ashtarah,) A
bitter thorny plant, of which camels are very fond.
Ai- ishtih, (v11.1 of L) Appetite, desire, wish. Look-
ing with a malignant eye. "
*-i- ishtihb, (viii of -**) Turning grey.
Aji- ishtilr, (v111 of A.) Publishing, divulging. Fame,
renown, celebrity, reputation. r ex~~) ishtihar shudan,
To be famous, conspicuous, known, noted, notorious, clear, evi-
A * ashjitat, (pl. ft-- shajit) Intrepid, strong.
sk A -- ashiha, (fut. *\, 3ya-shahu) He was angry.
A \s ashihha, (pl. of *** shahzh) Awaricious men, misers.
A Sus ish-his, (iv of &s) Sharpening.
Al-Us ish-hat, (iv of las) Removing to a distance.
A **) ish-ham, (1v of -**) Giving fat to eat.
A Jsi ash-hn, Passionate, angry, testy. Sad. Ish-hn,
(1v of es) Filling (a city). Beginning to blubber (a boy).
Putting a sword in a sheath. Drawing a sword.
A s ashihhat, (pl. of ***
shahih) Covetous men, misers.
r_\s ashkhar, Lixivium, potash. Sal ammoniac.
A U-\s ishkhas, (1v of U-s) Slandering, calumniating.

dent, w- ishtihar kardan, To publish, to proclaim. A U2\s ashkhas (or U-s ashkhus), (pl. of Jas shakhs)

J- ; khrshd-ishtihr, As clear as the sun. Persons, bodies, individuals, shapes, figures. Ishkhas, (1v of
r &Ji- ishtihr-nmah, A proclamation, a manifesto. Jas) Sending from place to place. Preparing to depart.
* +7 ashti, Peace, concord, reconciliation. Convention, Speaking evil of one absent. Shooting above the mark.
confederacy. Intrigue, altercation, enmity. A ** ishkham, (1v of .**) Turning sour (milk).

A "*" ishtiya-a, (v11.1 of **) Hearing. Preceding. P &\s-J ash-khanah, A kitchen, a cooks shop.

AS- ishtiyas, (v11.1 of 3:4) Putting on a turban. A s ashkham, Shining, glittering (hair). Producing no
Aj ishtiyr, (viii of y) Collecting honey from a hive. thing (ground). (An ass) black in the head and lips.
Being in good condition (a horse). , P ey**) ashkhn,
|--
A kind of dock. Ishkhiwn, A graff,
O
 :-)
_- 98 _+)-

a slip, a young tree. Ushkhawn, A flower. Opulence, power,
dominion. Trade. A ploughshare.
A -** ushkhab, The sound made by milk in milking.
P eys. ishkhn, A plant, a plantation. A species of dock. A y) ashrr, (pl. of J sharr) Crimes, foul deeds. (pl. of
A Jack" ishkhis, The white chameleon. A sort of mezereon. Lr sharir), Wicked, criminal, sinful, rebellious. Ishrr, (iv
A *) ashadd, More or most vehement, strong, bold, severe.
Ashudd, (pl. of A shadd) Strength and powers (particularly
*Pplied to a young man between eighteen and thirty).
A "*" ashidd, (pl. of A.A.'s shadid) Strong, brave, bold,
vehement, violent, severe, rigorous. Avaricious.
A J ashdk, (pl. of J shidk or shadk) The corners
of the mouth. The sides of a valley.
A cl) ishdn, (iv of J) Growing up (a fawn).
A "*" ishdh, (iv of s) Astounding. Occupying.
A J ashdak, Wide-mouthed.
A 3's ashzb, (pl. of ~& shazab) Household goods. Bits
of wood, dry branches or barks of trees. Remains of fodder.
A Slishzis, (iv of 34 shaska) Putting by itself.
>k AA. ashara, (fut.A'. ya-shuru) He sawed asunder.
*AA' ashira, (fut. At Ja-sharu) He exulted exceedingly.
AA) ashr, (from J") Cutting, sawing. Notching, making
saws, or sharpening their teeth. Teethed, notched, channelled,
chamfered, or any thing of that form. , Ishr, Thorns, prickles.
The jagged parts of the legs of a locust, the knob at the end of
his tail, in which there are two crooked claws, and in general
what he corrodes or saws with. Ushr, Whiteness or beauty of
teeth (particularly those before). The sharp edge of the teeth.
Ashar, (from 2:\) Exulting, rejoicing, triumphing. Raising the
head, growing tall (as a tree, flower, &c.). Flashing, shin
ing, glaring (lightning). Exultation, excessive joy, insolence,
sauciness, frowardness, petulance. Ashir, Exulting, rejoicing,
or vallies). Ishrj, (iv of gr) Drawing together (a wallet),
Pervading. Coalescing, mixing.
a 9), l ishrd, (1v of 9,3) Driving away.
of r, sharra) Calling another a rascal. Disclosing (anything).
A 5), & ishrarat, A perforated wooden vessel, or one made of
Plaited rushes or reeds, into which they put cream, or sour milk,
after the whey is strained off; which, with the addition of salt,
is then exposed to the sun, and preserved for winter use. Flesh
dried in the sun.
A U-2) ishras, A kind of weaver's and shoe-maker's glue,
made from the roots of an herb resembling asphodel. (1v of
L), Having cattle feeding on the herb Lr shirs.
A ashrt, (pl. of ** sharat) Signs or marks (by which
men or cattle are distinguished, taken either in a good or bad
sense). Three stars in the head of Aries, two bright and one
small. ---- Jy." Signs of the last hour, or end of the world.
Ishrt, (1v of **) Marking cattle and sending them to be sold.
Binding, compelling by law.
A 8',4' ishrt, (iv of 8,4) Opening (a door). Making (the
way) clear. Pointing (a spear at any one).
A ), *) ashraf, (pl. of ~&A sharif) Nobles, grandees,
gentlemen, men of high extraction. Pinnacles, battlements.
3, 3), Je" The chiefs and nobles, rej -, *) To be
come great, eminent, noble. Ashraf is the surname of many
princes of Arabia, Syria and Egypt; Ashraf, and Ashrafyn;
are also titles frequently given to learned men. Ishrf; (iv of
3,4) Being high, exalted. Raising up, ennobling. Looking
down from an eminence. Being near, at the point of.
A cl}\,) ashrft, The most excellent, distinguished (things).
A Jy ishrk, (1v of J, &) Rising (of the sun), shining, flash

petulant. Ushar or ushur, (pl. of 5, & ushrat) The jagged ing, being brilliant, beautiful. Splendour, lustre, refulgence.
grooves or notches of the teeth. Ushur, The sharp edge of the A 3), " ishrakat, (pl. of JA) ishrk) Rays, refulgences.
teeth. The teeth of a sickle.
A 3.3, " Ishrkiyat, Name of a sect.
A_* asharr, Worse, worst. cy) Ishrkn, The Platonists.
A

Ayl ishr, (1v of 5,4) Filling (a dish, vessel, pond, &c.). A t ashrk, (pl. of shirk) Communions, com
Ay ashirr, (pl. of 22% sharir) Wicked, bad, malignant. panies. Religions in which a plurality of persons in the God.
a -, *) ishrb, (iv of ~~) Thirsting. Giving drink, head is maintained. (pl. of $2. sharik), Companions, part
watering (cattle), causing to imbibe, imbuing. Imputing, as ners, associates in trade. Ishrk, (1v of ?) Taking a partner.
cribing. Making known, announcing. (One colour) being Giving companions to God, i.e. believing in the Trinity, which
mixed with another. Being received into the heart (love). the Muhammadans consider as infidelity.
A &\,: ashrabat, Drinks (comprehending not only wines and A ey ashran, Exulting with joy.
other strong liquors, forbidden by the Muhammadan law, but A &A) ashribat, (pl. of ~\,: sharb) Drinks, syrups.
coffee, bng, boza, and other beverages, in which they are A 3, ..." ushrat, Anything notched (like teeth, a saw, &c.).
allowed to indulge). A z2. ashraj, Having one testicle larger than another; want
A z) ashraj, (pl. of ** sharaj) Fissures, or cracks (in ing a testicle. A gold coin of the value of seven Spanish reals.
arches). Strings, thongs, or chains for fastening portmanteaus; p e ashurdan, To bruise. To knead, bake. To wash.
also the loops or ouches though which those ligaments pass. Pu A Jr ashras, Perverse, stubborn, intractable.

denda mulierum. Milky ways. The broadest parts (of rivers A*, *) ashrat, More or most vile, villainous, base.
 s 99
A&M ashrient, (pl. of ty's shirz) Sails of ships. The
necks of camels. Strings of bows and musical instruments (in
their tense state).
A ashraf, More or most noble. A bat or rere-mouse.
Name of a king of Persia. cli, s 52) The most noble of
creatures, i.e. man.
p 4y ashrafi, An old Spanish coin, worth about four shil
lings, or seven reals. The gold muhr of Hindustn is valued at
sixteen sicca rupees; and the intrinsic value of that coined at
Calcutta is estimated at 1. 11s. 8d. and the gold of it is better
than English standard gold by 5s, in the ounce, or about Tg.
By the regulations of May 1793, it should weigh 190,894 grains
(troy). -
A **) ashram, Cut in the nose.
A **) ishribb, (x1 of -2,+) Looking with out-stretched
neck.
A*, *) ashriyat, (pl. of s shary) Colocynths.
A}<! ightir, (iv of 23*) Twisting a cord the wrong way.
rej' ishuzdan, To knead, to bake.
A t-3 ishst, (1v of *-*) Putting strings to one's shoes,
Being very avaricious.
Aka ishs, (iv of ya) Looking up, fixing the eyes.
A -\a ashsb, (pl. of -a shisb) Adversities. Barren
(seasons). Lots, chances, portions. Ishsb, (1v of --~~~)
Rendering (life) uncomfortable.
Aja ashsr, (pl. of ra, shasar, re. shsir, or rej cal. Hair about the hoofs of cattle. Flesh growing under the
shavsar) Young deer when their horns begin to appear.
AJa ishss, (iv of La shassa) Going to a distance.
Denying, refusing, prohibiting. Being poor, barren (a season).
Giving little and thick milk (a camel).
A "al asht-a, (pl. of a shat-a) Branches, shoots. Sum
mits. Isht-a, (iv of **) Shooting forth branches, leaves, &c.
Aka ishtt, (1v of la: shatta) Giving an unjust sentence.
Tyrannizing. Exceeding just bounds. Going to a distance (in
search of something).
Ae ashtn, (pl. of e shatn) Long ropes. Ishtn, (1v
of J) Removing to a distance.
AAs ashtur, (pl. ofAs shatr) Parts, halves, sides, tracks.
Any couple of a camel's teats, before or behind.
Aka: ishzz, (1v of ... shazza) Fastening the mouth of a
* with a crooked billet. Inflatum seu assilientem habens pe
*in (quod libidinosis contingit.). Cocking his tail (a camel).
A&A: ashizzat, (pl. of 90.3 shizz) Crooked billets for
fastening the mouths of sacks, or making tight the ropes with
which loads are fastened.
Als isht, (Iv of 3-4) Sorrowing. Taking different roads
(in a hostile excursion), attacking an enemy on every quarter.
A-l ishtb, (ivof-x..) Parting from friends, i.e. dying.
Ajw." ashtr, (pl. of 24, shatr) Hairs (of a man or of a
**)
beast). (pl. of A. shier) Poesy, poems, verses. Sciences.
Ishtr, (iv of ,<) Signifying, notifying, indicating, advising.
Using a symbol, sign, or watch-word. Putting in fear, making
sick (love). Engrossing the mind (care). Overwhelming with
misfortune. Adhering, sticking close. Fixing a round knob on
the end of a knife-handle. Being hairy (an embryo, or a part
of the body). Putting on an inner garment. Marking with
blood the bunch or right side of a camel destined to be sacrificed
at Mecca.
A 8- ishte, (iv of 88 shatta) Scattering urine from side
to side (a camel). Darting forth rays (the sun). Coming into
ear (grain). Having the grains compact (an ear of corn).
A J ishtl, (iv of J) Setting on fire, kindling, inflam
ing. Bedaubing (camels) with pitch. Sending or proceeding
towards. Being spread about, or dispersed over a district of
country, when making an excursion against an enemy, in order
to render the attack general. Abounding in water (a river).
Pouring out (from a bottle). Gushing with violence (blood.
from a wound). Flowing plentifully (tears).
Ae ishgn, (iv of c- not in use) Dishevelling the hair.
Catching by the forelock. Attacking the enemy's advanced guard.
A --~~) ashab, (A goat) having the horns distant from each
other, also having the hips asunder. Name of a certain miser.
A --~~" ashtas, Having dishevelled hair. Soiled with dust.
AJ ashgar, Hairy. More intelligent, more happily poeti
nails. Labrum genitalis feminei (pec. camelini).
A 3,4- ashtirat, (pl. of Axis shitar) Shirts, shifts, or inner
garments. Sheets. Housings (for horses, &c.). Signs, sym
bols, watch-words, paroles. Deaths. Trees (with thick intri
cate branches). Hairs.
A Ashtarry, Name of a celebrated Musulmn doctor,
whose disciples are called Ashariyn.
a J-s) ashtal, (A horse) having a white tail.
A J-Wishailal, (ix of J) Whiteness on the tail. -
A & ashitzah, (pl. of 83. shutt and *** shutit) Rays,
sun-beams. Lights, splendours. Spiders' webs. Disordered
minds, distracted counsels. Thin, clear, watery (milk).
A x Ishtiy, (HEB. Tyu") Isaiah the prophet.
Ar) Ashayr, Name of an historian.
Aej) ishtinn, (x1 of c-s) Being dishevelled (the hair).
A_\ ishghr, (1v of A *) Being distant from the high-way
(a house, or a watering-place).
rj ushghar, (3)\) or y.") A badger.
A J ashghl, (pl. of J shughl) Affairs, employments,
occupations, businesses. Ishghl, (1v of J) Employing.
Pj) ashghur, A species of aquatic bird. An animal re
sembling a wolf, but plumper and thicker. A porcupine.
A J ashghal, More or most employed. -
O 2
 J-)
p *x.) ushghurah, A kind of animal which carries off dead
bodies from burying-grounds. (cAst.)
A s ashgha', Having redundant, distorted or unequal teeth.
A $" ishf, (iv of J.) Being on the brink of any thing, at
the point of(death). Administering a medicine by which health
is restored. Recovering. Getting within the reach of any
thing, approaching, arriving at.
Aj ashfar, (pl. of shafr or shufr) Mouths, margins,
sides. Edges of the eye-lids. Latera seu labra vulvae:
A s- islfa, (iv of -- shaffa) Preferring one (child) to
another. Filling the girth (a camel).
A J ashfak, (pl. of G, shafk) Compassions, kindnesses,
favours. (pl. of c-: shafak) Crepuscules, twilights. Ishfak,
(1v of C.) Compassionating, pitying, condoling, commiserat
ing. Fearing. P j J ishfak-angs, Inspiring pity;
moved with compassion, benign, humane.
p e--T itshuftanzdan, To confound, disturb, make mad.
Ay islitrr, (iv of P. 9) Separation.
P J *shuftag, Perturbation, consternation, confusion,
contention, disquietude. Disturbance, tumult, commotion.
P e-ff ashuftan,
To disturb, or be disturbed. To change,
alter. To become foolish, distracted, confounded, enamoured,
insane, amazed, astonished, thunder-struck, wretched, miserable.
p &T shuftah, Enamoured, mad, wretched, confounded.
J* <!" To be distracted, &c. e &T To distract, &c.
<!" 2-3 Illegible writing.
r J-4-3-3.7 ashuftah-hl, In a distressed condition.
r_<!- <!" ashuftah-khtir, Disturbed in mind, distressed.
re-ey &T shuftah-rmiyn, A live coal.
P v <!" ashuftah-my, Having dishevelled hair.
P " Ashfand, Name of a city near Nishabr.
A J ashfu',
More or most powerful, efficacious, medicinal
or salutary. Most skilful in medicine. Ishfa, A cobbler's awl;
any instrument with which a thing is pierced.
A & askiyat, (pl. of 3 shif) Medicines, cures, remedies.
re-ashuk, Gum ammoniac, galbanum, assafoetida.
A c.' ashakk, Most difficult, troublesome. Tall (horse).
A $...' islik, (1v of $4) Rendering miserable.
A 's" Ashkb, Name of a place in Arabia.
A c- ishkh, (iv of 2* *) Removing to a distance. Be
ginning to redden (dates). Bearing such fruit (a palm-tree).
a G." ishks, (iv of 38.) Driving away, thrusting back.
A J- ishkak, (1v of G-: shakka) Condoling. Taking care.
A J"ishkkui. A species of wild carrot.
r = <!'...' ishklang, The leg, the shank.
A clishkn; (iv of e) Being small. Giving sparingly.
A 2-4 'ashkah, Ofa bright red. A reddening or ripening date.
Aji- ashkar, Ofa fine bright red. (A camel) of a very red with which a saddle is fastened. A species of marine animal.
colour. A horse of a bay colour having the mane and tail black,
called also --~~$ Kumayl. Glutinous, viscous (blood).
100 ci
g ex~" ashkardiyn, (2ndor) Wild garlic.
P J) ishkirik, A sigh, a sob. (cAst.)
P ***) ashkarah, An extinguished fire-brand.
Ai" ashkiy, (pl. of shakiy) Poor, miserable,wretched.
Robbers, thieves, banditti, felons, criminals.
r ashk, A tear. A drop. * ...t' Bitter tears.
e-,-,-- Tears of blood. C- J.K." Tears of joy.
r - Ashak, Name of the first king of the Ashkniyn dy
nasty of Persian monarchs, supposed by some to be a grandson
of that Darius, who was defeated by Alexander. He is by others
called Arshak, from whence, according to them, the Arsacides
took their family surname.
A K" ishk, (iv of X*) Complaining, mourning, lamenting.
Occasioning complaints. Putting a stop to, or checking com
plaints, either by soothing or chiding.
A c" ishkd, (1v of AQ:) Giving. Having bad cattle.
r_<T ashkar (9&T or *j-T), Clear, evident, manifest,
open, public. Clearly, visibly, undisguisedly, without dissimu
lation. c s." To publish, divulge, demonstrate, reveal,
display, declare, expose, detect, discover, render clear, evident.
Aj. ishkar, (iv of K) Milking (a sheep or camel). Being
full (the udder). Hatching (a bee). Bearing z shakir (a
tree). Bringing rain (the wind). Being intense (cold or heat).
Running fast. Having fat camels.
P 93.7 ash-karah, A cook.
P ishkrz, A hunter, sportsman, fowler.
A ex~! ishktaman, A species of herb.
A & ishkg, (1v of t) Enraging, vexing, annoying.
AJ& ashkal, (pl. of J.C. shakl) Forms, figures, shapes,
semblances. Graceful airs. Doubts, ambiguities, suspicions.
Ear-rings made of gems or any thing resembling them. Ishkh
(1v of J) Being difficult, obscure, intricate. Coming to ma
turity (dates, &c.). Having a redness in the eyes. Going over
the contents of a book analytically. -
A ish kam, (1v of **) Remunerating, rewarding.
P Jf Ashkniyn, The family name of the third dynasty
of Persian kings, who reigned after Alexander the Great for
about 160 years.
P ***) Ashkwind, Name of a mountain in Sistan.
A s." ishkh, (1v of &) Being difficult and obscure.
F_\ ashk-br, Shedding tears. J." ss.M. Weeping
eyes. e-j', To melt into tears. --: Weeping.
PJ Ashkbs, Name of a hero killed by Rustam.
p5,37 ashkarah () *}<\), A hunter, fowler. A hunt
or
ing-hawk. Any thing belonging to hunting.
Aj.) ushkuzz, A girth, belt, surcingle (of white leather),
P J-) ishkastan, To break, press, bruise, strain, squeeze.
* L." Ashkash, Name of an ancient hero.
 J*)
re' ashkit, Surprize. Ishkaft, A cave, a den.
p &l ishkufah, A blossom, a bud. A vomit, vomiting.
re." ishkak, A kind of march-pane. A rope, a ligament.
AJ&l ashkal, The mountain lote-tree. (A sheep) having
white thighs. (A camel) having white or black mixed with red.
(A man) having reddish eyes. Blood-shot (the eye). More
resembling. More or most doubtful, difficult, obscure. More
or most graceful, comely. Any thing necessary to be done.
Pulishkal, A fetter. Ishkil, (A horse) whose right fore
foot and left hind-foot are white. Fraud, craft, imposture.
A&l ashkalat, A single mountain lote-tree. Mode, form,
manner. Necessity, want. Mixture, confusion.
p ishkam (for shikam), The belly, the womb.
rj ishkan, The extremity of any thing. Whatever be
longs to hunting.
r & ishkambah, The stomach of beasts.
P z) ishkanj, The bone of the arm from the elbow to the
wrist. The hand, the wrist. A wrinkle. A curl.
P<&l ishkanjah, Torment, torture, the rack, question.
re ishkandan, To break, crush, compress, strain.
ru.G.'ishkanash, Reparation, restoration.
r & ashkanah, A curl. A musical note. A sort of bread.
*%. ishkil, A fowler, a bird-catcher.
*f ashkiib (or K-T ashkit), A balcony, open gallery,
or any building on the top of a house, for the advantage of air,
or prospect. A ceiling, a roof, a stage, a story, a shelf. A
row of bricks in a wall. Heaven.
r 3 ushkb, The elbow, a cubit.
"t ishkkh, A trip, a stumble, a false step, a blunder.
res ishkkhidan, To slip, to slide, to fall.
tyK-T shkr, The seventh heaven.
p4,37 ashkiifah, A vomit, vomiting. A flower, a blossom.
%, r - 2 -
reji ashgn, See ex- asgn.
rf ashgunah, Inverse, reverse, preposterous. Fear,
terror. Absurdly, inversely, preposterously.
r ishkuh, Majesty, authority, greatness.
P *K. ushkhah (<) or &\), A sigh, a sob.
* * ishki, Winegar.
*J44) ishkil, see Jlishkil,
"-- J ashkil chashm, A species of bramble.
**}<! ashkyd, Composed, compounded, mixed.
* ashgar, Agreeable, acceptable. Ishgarf, Large,
*rse, thick. Dignity, pomp, magnificence.
P <! ishgut, The expanding or blossoming of a flower.
*::: ashg, A palace. A lofty arch.
'3.7 shgy, A couch for guests to recline upon. The
"Pper part of a house. A shady garden.
Jash!, A measure of Basrah, about forty cubits.
"J" ashal, Having a disjointed or paralytic hand.
A Jl ashall, Having a disjointed, withered, or palsied hand.
101 +)
\
A \" ashl (pl. of;. shil), Members, joints, bodies. Re
mains of water. Reins of a bridle. Ishl, (Iv of A-4) Calling (a
sheep, dog, or camel) by name. Calling (a horse) by holding
out a corn-bag. Setting (a dog in pursuit of game). -
A&l"ashillat, (pl. ofJ44. shalil) Clothes worn under armour.
P " asham, An offence, crime. Isham, Breeches, trowsers.
A --' ashamm, High (mountain). Aquiline-nosed. Grave,
dignified, respectable (lord). -
A c--) ishmt, (1v of ) Rejoicing at another's mis
fortune.
Aj ishmr, (iv of 2-3.) Making one to proceed.
A L--: ishmas, (1v of U_*) Being bright and sun-shiny.
Ak" ishmt, (iv of La) Mixing, -
A t ishme, (iv of 3-4) Giving light (as a candle).
A J ashml, (pl. of J shamal) Small quantities (of
rain, men, or fruits). Ishml, (1v of Ja...) Being exposed to
the north wind. Giving one a covering or clothing for the whole
body. Wrapping up one's self in a garment, so that no part of
the body appears. Tying the udders of cattle in bags, called
Ju: shiml, that they may not be sucked. Gathering or pull
ing (dates and other fruit) leaving but a small part remaining.
(A stallion camel) impregnating half a flock of camels, to the
number of thirty; (when he is successful with the whole it is
then expressed by c ikman).
A **ishman, (1v of shamma) Diffusing odour, shed
ding perfume. Walking with the head erect. Extending the
hand. Turning one from any thing. Circumcising partially.
Departing from the right way. Giving to a quiescent conso
nant a slight sound of * *6th?type at or ,s kasra, but not so as to
lengthen the syllable, or make one syllable more,
AAA* ishmikhrr, (1v of A^* Q) Height, loftiness.
A 3?" Al ashmas, Name of a mountain.
Au- Ashmus, Name of a mountain and of a well.
A 24-) ashmat, Half grey, bi-coloured,
A Ja ishmielal, (1v of J, o] Being on the brink of.
Going on a predatory excursion. Roving in a large pasture.
A J ashmal, More or most perfect, complete, universal,
comprehensive, surpassing, transcendent. Larger, largest. Ash
mul, (pl. of J. shimal) Left hands. Sinister accidents, bad
omens. Equalities. (Garments) made of many pieces of cloth.
Handfuls (as much as the reapers take in their hands at one
time). Cormorants and other aquatic diving birds.
A. ex Ashmm, Name of two districts in Egypt.
ex~) Ashmun, Name of a city, and of a canal from the river
A
Nile, near Damietta in Egypt. ex Ashmnn, A city of
Egypt, where many pyramids, sphinxes, &c. still remain.
A J.**) Ashmawil, (HEB. nw) The prophet Samuel.
P **** ashmid (for ***** ashamid) A draught.
Ajy) ishmi-zz, (IV of j. Q) Being short in the body.
Being hindered. A shaking, horror, terror. Flight.
 2-)
r er) ashan, A turned garment. An unripe melon.
r 7 ishn, A friend, a companion, a comrade. An ac
quaintance. Swimming, floating. A swimmer. *** 2 L
Known and unknown, friends and strangers. U f J&s mazak
fishn, Having a delicate taste. matna'-shn, In
telligent, learned in mysteries, significations, or relations of things.
L A- sadad-shn, Accustomed to do that which is right,
knowing the right way.
ru-, ashn, A gem, a precious stone.
r u f fishnb, A friend, a companion. A swimmer.
* ~ * L ashna-parast, Friendly.
e Ju f Ashnd, Name of the 26th day of the solar month.
P cl ishnatan, To hear, to understand, to perceive.
A J ashnak, (pl. of G shanak) The intermediate num
bers between any given two, as between 10 and 40; and between
40 and 100 (especially with regard to the proportion of cattle
taxed by the Muhammadan law from such herds or flocks for
pious uses. Mulcts of expiation (for manslaughter), or rather,
supplementary parts of larger fines formerly paid; also mulcts for
maiming. Ishnak, (1v of G) Exacting those mulcts. Exalt
ing one's self (from self conceit), stretching out the neck, to see
any thing. Tying a string, called J... shank, round the
neck of a full bottle, and carrying, or hanging it up thereby.
r_<\ f shna-gar (or yu." ashn-war), A swimmer.
r J ushnl, A knot, an excrescence; also moss, on a tree.
A J ishnn, (1v of c, shanna) Plundering on all sides.
Sprinkling (water).
rej ushnn, The herb alkali, and the ashes which are
made from it, with which they wash clothes. 299 J Hyssop.
p f ashnaw, A swimmer.
r xt f shnh, The art of swimming, natation.
rus f shn-7, Friendship, acquaintance. Swimming.
A --~~) ashnab, One who has a clean mouth and teeth.
A **) ashnat, Very deformed, hideous. Unpleasant (day).
P < Ashniid (or **!), Name of the second of the five
days added to the last month of the Persian year, in order to
make their twelve months, of thirty days each, equal to a solar
year. Ashnud, He heard.
r & 5-4, ushnasah, (or ***" ushnashah) Sneezing.
A *-ij-l Ushnanat, Name of a fortress in Spain.
r & f shnah, A friend, an acquaintance. A swimmer.
r & ushnah, Alkali. Moss on trees, stones, or in water.
A J- Ushna', Name of a district of Thebes in Egypt; also
of a citadel in Spain.
rej) ishnidan, (for J- shanidan) To hear, to listen.
r f sh, (for -:47 shb) Calamity, hurt, trouble.
**) ashi, (in anc. Pers.) Heaven. Heroic.
A !-- ishw, (iv of -s) Roasting. Preparing for roast
ing. Serving up roast meat. Wounding but not mortally.
Being left (meat) from dinner or supper. Leaving a residue.
102 <\
A k';*) ashwat, (pl. of ** shawt) Lists, courses, race
grounds; single heats. Rays of light which enter at crevices.
A J';*) ashwk, (pl. of J shawk) Desires, propensities.
A t ashwk, (pl. of ~$ shawk) Thorns. Ishwk,
(1v of %) Abounding in thorns.
A J);3 ashwal, (pl. of J* shawl) Small quantities of water
left in the bottoms of vessels. (Camels) seven or eight months
after foaling. (Camels) having the udders wrinkled from want
of milk.
r f ashub, Terror, dread, fear. Grief, affliction, mis
fortune, loss. Confusion, discord, disturbance, tumult, riot, se
dition. A tempest, storm, danger of the sea. An inflammation
in the eyes. An impostor, a fugitive.
P ashub, A poker, a coal-rake.
~~7 ashub-angz, An exciter of discord.
P f ashub-nak, Terrified, confused, disordered.
P e ashubidan, To be confused, disturbed in mind.
r);47 Ashur, Name of a river near Ksh in Turkistan.
a 24" ushur, (pl. of , ) ashr) The notched indented surfaces
of the teeth. The cleanness, beauty, and sharp edges of the
teeth.
P Js shrdan, To mix, mingle, intermix, join, associate,
couple, conjoin. To ferment. To wound.
A J ashwas, Squint-eyed. One who contracts his eyes
and knits his brows, in order to look more steadily. Intrepid, bold.
A Jer ashwas, One who winks with his eyes.
A 3%) ashwat, Having rough and disordered locks (of hair).
P #: shgh, A man or a thing unknown.
re ashuftagi, Disquietude, uneasiness of mind.
P e shuftan, To be disturbed.
P & l shuftah, Disturbed in mind.
A J ashwak, Inflamed with love.
re, f shun, Any thing used for stirring a fire. -->
e y A piece of wood with which they mix wines.
A **) ashwah, Deformed. Having an evil or fascinating eye.
A 4-8) ashah, (or ushah) Gum ammoniac. Assafoetida.
A Q ash-hd, (pl. of As, shhd) Witnesses, such as have
been present (eye-witnesses). Angels. Tongues. Substances
that come along with the foetus at the birth; evidences of the
birth (as blood, &c.). Ish-hd, (1v of Ag) Being, or wishing
to be, present. Swearing. Taking to witness, bringing proof.
AJ ish-hr, (1v of j) Acquiring celebrity. Entering
upon or spending a month. Abiding for a month. Sojourning.
A -) ash-hab, White, whiter. White or ash-coloured
(camel or mule). Clear, serene (night). Cold, frosty (day).
Refulgent in arms (troops). Shining, polished (spear). Barren
(year). ***) ~es/ A dark red, a chesnut-coloured (horse).
ri-) -! A light lively green.
A **) ish-hibab, (1x of -**) Being of an ash-colour (a
horse). Beginning to wither in the field (corn.)
 \ 103 --~~)
A } Al ash-habni, Name of two mountains in Najd. hitting the mark. Transmitting, forwarding, causing to arrive.
Aj ash-har, More or most celebrated, known, notorious. Rectitude, justness. Contagion, infection.
cyt al ash-harni, The drum and standard. Ash-hur, A t asbit, (pl. of t- asbat) Fingers. Favours, be
(pl. of t shahr) Months. <--->|--J The four known or *\ e's Name of a place in Syria. **) e-le
nefits. .
sacred months, viz. J, **i);3, ***",8, and **, The little finger. ** A species of black grape. **)
during which it is reckoned unlawful to go to war; (a prohibition
ev) Sweet basil. , i.e ** Name of a medicinal root.
ex **) Name of a kind of stone found in the Red Sea.
which is more ancient among the Arabs than Muhammadanism).
A J ash-hal, Grey-eyed. a Je asibal, (pl. of Ja istabl) Stables, stalls.
A stl ash-ha, More or most desirous, or desirable. A t asbit, (pl. of s--" asbat.) Fingers.
Aer ish-hibb, (x1 of -es) Being of an ash-colour. A c--Ve) ashib, (pl. of ~~~\e sahib) Lords, friends. In
A J ashy, (from J) Feigning, inventing. Finding ne habitants.

cessary, having occasion. Asha', A white spot on the forehead
of a horse. Isha', (HEB.'t") Jesse the father of David.
A slushayy, A small palm-tree. Name of a valley.
rf ashiya, A nest. Like, as, in the same manner.
A\ ashy, (pl. of sus: shay-a) Things, clothes, effects.
Alushayy, (dim.of ashy) Trifles, things of small weight.
A t ashykh, (pl. of ** shaykh) Old men, sages, se
nators, doctors, prelates, dervises, religious men.
A t ashyt, (pl. of t shaye) Parts, quantities. (pl. of
t shiyat) Companions, equals, peers. Followers, dependants.
A-4, 3-l ashy mms, Poppy-juice.
p J ashyan, (or &l) A nest. One's native country. A
ceiling, a roof. e ~ (Having a nest in Paradise)
the blessed, the deceased of happy memory, dwelling in Para
A &LA) iskhat, (iv of t:-) Listening.
A eval isd, A hollow place between mountains, where water
stagnates, marshy ground. Que) ~3 &titu'l isd, Name of a
place ; also a stadium, or course, a hundred bow-shots in length.
A Je- asdik, (pl. of G.A. sadik) Sincere, true. Friends.
AJe isr, A short rope for fastening the lower parts of the
tent to the tent-pins.
A. 5, 2 israt, (1v of J22) Filling with desire, giving the mind
a propensity to any pursuit.
A asrim, (pl. of re sirm) Contiguous streets or houses.
People who lead camels to the watering-places.
A Jve" asatil, (pl. of Jlae) istabl) Stables, stalls.
AJ 2" asghir, (pl. ofjke asghar) Little, contemptible.
A us) Al asighi, Name of a place in Hajz.

dise.J w. The nest of felicity (one of the titles of the A- isfat, (1v of -i-e) Entering upon the summer-season.
Ottoman Porte). J &\f To build a nest. Begetting children in old age. Averting (evil from any one).
Ae ashyawt, (pl. of *** shay-a) Things. AAV2) Al asafir, Name of certain mountains between Madina
P l shb, Terror. Affliction. Confusion. and Mecca. -

A wl ashyab, White or grey-haired. A mountain white A J sl, (pl. of J-2) asil) Times. Evenings.
with snow. The sound made by a camel whilst drinking. A c-Jue" asalat and islat, Firmness, constancy, solidity of
rf shj, Opposite, adverse, contrary. judgment.
Az ashyur, (pl. of j, shiyr) Saturdays. A Jel asili, (pl. of -i-e) aslaf) Hard grounds.
A 5-3 Ashirat, Name of a town in Mauritania. A Jel asyil, (pl. of Je" asil) Rooted, permanent.
f inigii, Aprivy. :: A ~ asaba, (fut. ~! 3ya-sibu) (The field) was bare.
*** ashyam, Distinguished by a mole or any other natural A U-2) isb, (1v of Lre) Bearing a male child. Turning to
mark. A species of fish. the east wind. Making frantic with love.
Ae Ashiman, Name of two places; also of a man. A U-2) isb-a, (1v of ") Rising (a star). Growing (a tooth,
re ashin, A cook. A baker. nail, &c.). Attacking an enemy.
P < shinah, An egg. A --L-2) asbb, (pl. of ~ sabab) Sloping grounds.
A c- asbah, (pl. of - subh) The dawns, auroras, morn
A* ashyah, More or most base, shameful. (A man) having
various-coloured hair; (G! ablak is applied to a horse, and j ings. Isbah, (1v of 6-) Rising betimes. Coming, doing any
rd-a to a goat, when they have hair of different shades). thing, early in the morning. Becoming (learned). Diligence,
**- ishihah, (or 4:-l) The neighing of a horse. Echo. application of mind. Drawing out the wick of a lamp, so as to
*A J. assa, (fut. J ya-ussu) (The camel) was strong. make it burn brighter. Being sun-shiny (the day).
*Jeliss, Root, origin. (for J- iss) A foundation. A Jel asbr, (pl. of r-e sibr) White clouds, y-e J)
A-le is-b, (iv of .) Having the head full of nits. (Filled) to the brim (a vessel). * In whole, the whole of
A-" isbat, (iv of -32) Overtaking, reaching, arriving it. Isbr, (1v of re) Using violence. Detaining forcibly, and
* Injuring, hurling. Speaking properly, conceiving well, putting to death. Commanding one to exercise patience. Eating
 <) 104
a biscuit called 3 sabirat. Becoming acid and bitter (milk).
Covering over (the mouth of a vessel).
- Aj." issibr, (v111 of re) Affecting to be patient. See also
J2-3) iktisis.
A &\- asbgh, (pl. of 8-2 sibgh) Colours, tinctures, dyes.
A c- asbah, Black, inclining to red. Ilandsome. A lion.
Name of a king in Arabia.
A J.-- asbahy, The dawn. A whipping-post.
A 5-2) asbarat, Camels, and other cattle wandering and pas
turing at large.
s- asbat, (asbit, isbat, isbit, ushat, or usbut) A fin
A
ger. A benefit, a service. --! J Perfidious. t U-v
Wild saffron.
A ** asbagh, (A horse) having the fore-lock and tip of the
tail white. (A bird) having a white tail. A torrent, a mighty
stream. Name of one of Ally's friends.
A &-> usbuhat, The morning, dawn, aurora.
re's--" Isbahn, Ispahn, the capital of modern Persia or
Irk (the ancient Parthia).
us- asbi (or -- asbiyat), (pl. of Us saby) Boys,
A A* asda- a, Black mixed with red.
youths. Edges of swords, knives, &c. Princes, chiefs of the
people, demagogues. Sides of the cheek-bones or jaws. Those
parts of the skull below the ears. Images appearing in the
eye. - ducing, making appear. Arising, issuing, appearing.
A & 2) ustummat (for <!--) The greater part of a thing.
A confluence, conflux. The middle (of any thing).
-
A a- asahh, More or most true, authentic.
A \s is-h, (iv of 3~~) Becoming clear and serene (the
sky). Going abroad, taking the air when the weather is fine.
A s asihh(and s asihhat), (pl. ofcst sahh and ***
sahih) Free from blemish, sound, whole. Complete, perfect.
Right, just. Unequal parts (of roads or grounds).
A cs as-hb, (pl. of ---> shib) Lords, possessors,
masters. Friends, companions, intimates. Inhabitants. -\s
^*s-, <\ Dwellers in pavilions and tents. Jel .<-s
'steemed, confidential, honourable men. Jul) <\s) The
companions of fire, the damned. 2 : * A-\s inno
vators, deviating from the right path. JA, Jse Sage mi
nisters, prudent counsellors. t; A-\s. Historians, writers
of chronicles. 3'- A-\s Eminent, possessed of dignity.
*** A-\s Inhabitants --> s Grandees,
of hell.
nobles, great men, ministers, -'9 ,-\s,Jia Certain
historians. --> ,-\s" (Soldiers) possessed of swords,
swordsmen. .2 -\sl Learned men, the literati. ,-\s
Intelligent, sagacious,endowed with understanding. A-\s
U2-, Historians, masters of history. # ,-\s." Inhabitants
of the cave, i.e. the seven sleepers. es.--> Select friends,
the companions of Muhammad. J ,-\s Impious, liars, hy
pocrites, infidels, Ls 2 J The posterity and companions of inner parts of tents to the poles; also such as they tie round
_>e\
Muhammad. Is-hb, (1v of C-s) Associating, giving a com
panion, joining. Leaving a leathern bottle hairy and undressed.
Having a green film floating on its surface (water). Having a
son who has attained the age of puberty. Becoming gentle and
tractable (a beast), after having been stubborn and refractory.
A cs." is-hah, (1 v of ~ sahha) Having one's live stock safe
and sound. Restoring to health (God).
A C-s as-hab, (An ass) white, inclining to red.
A ,s as-har, The same as the preceding.
A *** as-ham, Black, inclining to yellow.
A & s As-hamat, Name of a man.
Ayrs." is-hirr, (x1 of ,s) Turning red (withered grass).
A **** is-himam, (x1 of ***) Becoming yellow (grass).
Becoming of a bright green. From green, turning yellow with
a mixture of black. Wanting rain (the earth).
A cus) is khd, (1v of X**) Basking in the sun.
A "A-" asda, (pl. of 32 sada) Voices, echoes, sounds, rumours,
cries. Screech-owls. Isd, (1v of 33.2) Returning an echo,
answering. Dying.
Ruby-coloured.
A 2'-' is dad, (1v of A- sadda) Averting, preventing, hinder
ing, prohibiting. Being purulent, full of corrupted matter.
A "*" isdr, (1v of Je) Leading home from water. Pro
A &\x- asdagh, (pl. of ** sudgh) The temples, that part of
the face from the eyes to the ears; the hair that flows around
the temples.
A "A-" asd, (pl. of -3-2 sada) Shells, shell-fish, pearls.
Isld, (1v of -3.32) Diverting from, alienating, estranging.
A. J'' asdk, (pl. of J.A. sidk) Truths. Isdk, (iv of J**)
Giving a woman her dowry.
A 3-2 usdal, A small shirt, such as is called a Banyan shirtin
India. A shift worn by girls.
AJ<! asdar, Breasted, having a large breast or bosom.
A Je- asdaghn, (dual) The two temporal veins.
A ;42 asda, (A horse) that straddles much.
A Je- asdak, More or most true. e-!" Je- asdaku'l
ka-ilin, The truest of speakers (an epithet of God).
A 3-2 aslik, (pl. of Cxe sadik) True friends.
A see asda', Skilful in camels, conversant in every thing
belonging to them.
A re' asr, (from re') Returning. Including, containing.
Forcing, obliging, coercing. Breaking, bruising to pieces,
dashing, Persuading,
2 giving
5 a taste, inclination, or propensity
for, rendering a thing agreeable to one, converting, turning *
man's mind to any thing. Isr, A compact, convention, treaty,
agreement. A crime, sin, fault. A burthen, load, weight.
Usur, (pl. of Je isr) Short ropes with which they fasten the
 |-2)
mouths of forage-sacks. Sheets or cloths in which grain is
gathered. Herbage, fresh grass, dry hay.
A -- isrb, (iv of ~~) Giving, bestowing.
A <!- isrd, (iv of 9-2) Shooting beyond the mark.
Ay- isrr, (iv of 2 sarra) Pricking his ears (a horse).
Persevering, persisting in any thing bad, contracting a wrong
habit; obstinacy, stubbornness. P J Q-do 2," To per
sist in sin, rebellion, or disobedience.
A -- asr, (pl. of -32 sarf) Expenses. Changes, vi
cissitudes. Isrf, The last syllables of verses ending with dif
ferent vowels.
A. , asrm, (pl. of ** sirm)
Contiguous streets or houses.
Those who drive camels to water. Skins. Isram, (1v of r)
Being poor, destitute. The approach of the season for gathering
ripe dates.
A 5-7 sirat, Good-will, benevolence, grace, favour. What
ever renders one agreeable to another, as companionship, affi
nity, or merit of any kind.
A 32) israt, Affinity.
A 32 asirrat, (pl. of J), sirr) Strings with which they tie
the dugs of camels, to prevent the young from sucking. Higher
grounds to which water does not ascend.
A , asram, Poor. Having no family.
A. Jr- asramni, Night and day. The crow and wolf.
The crow and the 92 surad (a black and white bird, somewhat
larger than a sparrow, which hunts little birds).
a Fl isttir (or J-k'el istair), (Xrat), The stater,
a coin worth about 2s. 4d. if silver, 16s. 4d. if gold.
A c- istibah, (v11.1 of **) Taking a morning draught.
Ajs- istibr, (v11.1 of ~) Affecting to be patient.
A t- istibagh, (v111 of **) Being dyed. Baptism.
A J- istibn, (v111 of Jr.) Departing, retiring.
c- istubbat, (Xrrt) Hemp, tow, bards, oakum.
Je istabl, (XTaxiov) A stable, stall. ', J- A trating, pervading. Going or travelling by land (particularly to
stable, cow-house, or other place for the meaner sort of cattle.
A--> istihb, (v111 of -s) Fellowship, society.
.* istikham, (v11.1 of ***) Standing upright.
A
*A* Istakhar, The ancient name of Persepolis, the capi
tal of Persia during the three first dynasties; the royal re
sidence being afterwards removed to Madyin on the river
Tigris,
A 'A'-2) istidum, (v11.1 of ^*) Collision, clash.
(,A-ustur, (State) A pound troy. P A kind of thistle.
Ayke istirar, (v11.1 of resarra) Being driven to straits.
(; <!- isturak, (Xtga;) A sweetgum called storax.
G -ja- usturlab, (Aspoxaov) An astrolabe.
A. JA- usturlaby, A manufacturer of astrolabes.
***) usturah (orJia- ustr), (X-ratp) A troy balance.
A w istifa, (v11.1 of sie) Choosing, electing, selecting.
105 $
A la- istifli, (v111 of -3.2 saffa) Being drawn up in a row,
set in array. Being assembled together.
Ja istiak, (viii of Cz) Being flapped (as wings).
A
Being struck (a lyre). Being shaken by the wind (a tree).
G c- istafn, (Xtapwaivo;) A carrot.
G Ja astai, (Xtiga) Liquid storax.
c- istikak, (v11.1 of << sakka) Knocking of the
A
knees together; a trembling or weakness in the knees. Clap
ping the hands. P Aj ... "Q-2) To strike fire.
A & 2 astakmat, Bread baked under the ashes.
A \le\ istil, (v111 of J-) Being heated by the fire.
A c- istilah, (v11.1 of **) Correcting, rectifying. A cor
rect, elegant way of speaking or writing. An idiom, a phrase,
a term. General acceptation. A figure in rhetoric. Peace.
A --!-- istilht, (pl. of c- istilh) Forms of speech.
A Jke" istilak, (viii ofc-) Grinding with the teeth.
A *- istilam, (v11.1 of **) Extirpating, eradicating.
A &tl=>) ustummat, The greater, or middle part of any thing,
the aggregate, conflux.
A fli istine, (v111 of 8->) Receiving or bestowing, a
favour. Choosing, selecting. Informing, teaching, exercising.
Applying to any trade, study, or art. Preparing a feast, pro
viding an entertainment. ***): 's .8%) Different kinds of
obligations and favours.
ry:-- ustur, A kind of thistle, a teasel.
A_\;<! istihar, (v11.1 of ri-e) Eating dripping.
A c-" istiyd, (v111 of x2) Hunting.
A la" istiyf (v11 of --) Passing the summer.
A - iseb, (iv of ~~~~) Being difficult. Perplexing,
plaguing. Being disobedient and troublesome. Finding trou
blesome. Setting at liberty, leaving, dismissing.
A exe" ised, (iv of x-e) Distilling, sublimating. Pene
Mecca). An ascent, declivity. (A camel) being delivered of an
untimely birth, and sucked by her colt of the former year, to
preserve her milk. Causing a camel to bring forth an abortion.
A_\x- istr, (1v of Je) Averting the face, distorting the
countenance, looking with indignation and contempt on any one.
A J- istak, (1v of Gx-e) Swooning. Making one shriek.
A. J- is: in, (iv of Je not in use) Having a small head
and little sense. -
A --~~) assab, More or most difficult. Strongly fortified.
A j- as tar, Wry-necked or mouthed. Haughty, proud.
of 33.2) Hearing, listening, lending an ear.
A \- isgha, (1 v
Turning the head, as if listening to any thing. Inclining (a
vessel) to one side. Diminishing (any thing). Creating a want.
A_3- isghar, (1v of A-) Lessening, diminishing. Render
ing vile or contemptible. Sewing (a leathern bottle) with smail
and close stitches. Producing weak or tender plants (ground.)
P
 J-
AA- asghar, Less, least, smallest. The minor term in a
logical proposition. Jel (dual) The heart and tongue.
A Je asgha', Having the head inclined to one side.
A. ** c ie Asaf bin Barkhiy, Name of a great man,
supposed by the Arabians to have been Solomon's grand vazir.
(See " "Asif). &\,\! -i." The Asaf of the state, (i. e. a
distinguished statesman). S Li." Asaf-jah, Equal to Asaf in
dignity; a title common to ministers of state. * i." Asaf
ra-y, Prudent as Asaf, the most prudent counsellor.
A ie" asaf, The caper-tree or root.
A \;<\ as, (pl. of s saft) Large smooth stones. Isa,
(1v of 5-2) Straining, racking. Making clear, demonstrating.
Shewing a sincere regard. Choosing, electing, selecting, pre
ferring. Taking the whole of anything. Being destitute (of
property), lacking (instruction). Having no seed (a man).
Laying no eggs (a hen). Gelding (a colt).
A c- isfah, (1v of 2-) Refusing a petitioner. Inverting,
turning the flat side (of a sword, or any other thing).
A c-' asd, (pl. of A. saad) Chains, etters. Presents.
Isfad, (1v of A.2) Giving away a slave, or money.
Aj." Asfar, (pl. of 2.2 safar) Name of the second month in
the Arabian year, the next to Muharram. eyl) These two
months. Isar, (1v of .2) Being empty-handed. Emptying.
A 3.2 as, (pl. of -i- saff) Orders, trains, ranks, things
in a series. (1v of Q-32 saffa), Drawing up in order, arrang
ing, forming the line of an army. Covering the seat of a saddle.
A. J- isfk, (1v of G.2) Shutting the door. Milking cattle
only once a day. Covering. Placing a dish (on a table). Con
senting, agreeing. Standing or appearing for another, assisting
him. Opposing. Remaining in the same place in order to
transact business with any one.
A. Je asn, (pl. of Je safn or sfan) Cods, scrotums.
A_**) asfar, Yellow, pale, livid. Black. Very empty.
bird with a shrill mote. Je'> banu asar, The Greeks.
A y- isfirr, (1x of 2:2) Yellowness. Turning pale.
A 'e), al asurani, (The two yellows) gold and saffron.
PJ Isfahn, The capital of Persia.
r_\-- isfah-salar (or \- &- sipah-salar), A general.
Ji- asa, More or most pure.
A.
A- asiy, (pl. of Ji- safiy) Pure, just, upright, holy.
A y- isfirar, (x : of,) Excessive yellowness. Paleness.
A -\,\ iskab, (1v of ~) Coming within shot (game).
At- iske, (1v of 8-8-) Being covered with hoar frost.
Going upon ground so covered.
a U-52) iskil, (Xnfaxa) A shrimp, a prawn. A squill.
A J. 2) asakk, Having knees knocking against one another
(particularly the ostrich). Strong, robust (man or beast). Asukk,
(pl.of ce sakk) Sentences signed by a judge.
#A J. asila, (fut. J- ya-salu) (The water) stunk.
106 J-2)
A Je" asl, Root, origin, principle, foundation, element, source,
cause. Lineage, race, line, birth, family. Nobility, honour. A
capital, principal sum, stock in trade. An original, archetype,
prototype, exemplar. t",J. J. Quicksilver. U-5-) C.
Liquorice-root. j) J2 Root of the mountain-pine, J.A
cy:j) Mezereon-root. -- J.- The original rents with
which the lands (in India) were first charged in the books of
the Emperor Akbar, exclusive of all additions and impositions
made since from time to time by the Government. & J.'
Prime cost. --S J2) The original of a book, the first copy.
& A : J2 Root and branch (Mal. iv. 1). Cause and effect.
A J." asal, (from J.") Coming in the evening. Beginning
the evening (that time of day which commences at the middle
hour between the meridian and sun-set). Touching, affecting
or hurting, the root. Destroying. (pl. of &\le\asalat) Hideous
and venomous serpents with large heads and small bodies.
A J-2) usul, (pl. of J-2) asil) Evening-times or tides.
A "" as lan, *\ax '-' aslan mutlikan, or ^\xi > "Le" as
lan wa kataan, Not at all, by no means, never, in no shape.
A \,\ usal, (pl. of J- asil) Noble, illustrious, eminent.
A -- aslb, (pl. of -- sulb) The loins, sides, flanks.
A ' islt, (iv of ~~) Unsheathing a sword.
A c- islah, (1 v of 2-) Fitting, adapting. Amending, cor
recting, restoring, adjusting. Emendation. Shewing kindness.
Rectitude, probity. *A* c- islh-pazir, Corrigible.
A el-' asad, (pl. of A- said and suld) Hard. Hard smooth
stones. Shining foreheads. Solitary. Horses that do not sweat.
Isld; (iv of A-2) Having a tinder-box not emitting fire.
A - isl; (iv of -i-) Making a person very disagree
able. Being of a harsh and unkind temper.
A islak, (1v of c-) Sounding loud, croaking harshly, so
J-
as to set the teeth on edge.
A A J asal, (pl. of J- sill) Serpents which cannot be charm
ed. Islal, (1v of J-2 salla) Tingling when struck (iron).
T e- asln, A lion. A Usln, (pl. of J22) as il) Evenings.
A --- aslub, (pl. of --- sulb) Loins, sides, flanks.
A&M.) asalat, Universality, the whole, universal. at- l','-
They came together, they came all of them. " J- &-
He took the thing by the root, wholly, totally, entirely, Conl
pletely, radically. Asalat, A serpent of a dangerous species.
A & 2" asillat, (pl. of Je sill) The lining leathers of boots.
A. 2- aslaj, Very bare, or bald. Deaf.
A 2- aslah, Better, best. More or most correct, fine.
A J- aslaha'llahu, (pret. of iv) May God amend.
A. c- islihmm, (iv of ~~~ Q) Standing upright.
A g- aslakh, Deaf. Mangy (camel).
A 3A4- islikhdad, (1v of Ag- o) Standing erect.
A M-2) aslad, Very covetous.
 eye)
rj J- asi-sidah, Nobly born, of good extraction.
A t- aslag, Bald (man). (Ground) producing no plants.
A * aslam, Having the ears cut close by the head. The
last part of a verse consisting of a distinct foot.
A J- asy, (fem. ... asliyat) Radical, original, essential,
principal. Noble by birth. &- &;by Radical humour.
A J- asliyn, (Pers, pl. of the above) Nobles, gentlemen.
A cl asit, Highly polished (a sword). Very sharp.
A asamm, Deaf. One who can neither hear nor be heard.
Surd (in arithmetic). A dreadful kind of serpent. A hard
stone. ~! &\,: The month Rajab, the seventh of the Ara
bian year (because then the noise of war is not heard). -"
The surd conjugation of Arabic verbs. See Grammar.
Aw-lism, (iv of ) Knocking down and killing (game)
on the spot. Champing the bit (a horse).
A clismt, (iv of ~~~~) Silence, taciturnity. Making
a thing solid, without a cavity to give it sound.
AJe asmr, (pl. of 2.2 sumr) The lips, edges, or mouths
of vessels. Ismr, (1v of 2.2) Refusing to complain.
A J- ismk, (1v of G4.2) Shutting, locking, or bolting a
door. Spoiling, turning (as milk, water, &c.).
A *- is mam, (iv of
samma) Becoming, making, or
discovering to be, deaf. Corking a bottle.
A --- ismit, (as " & baladismit or --> U->
wahsh ismit), A desert, a solitary unsociable place.
A&lasmikhat, (pl. of *** sinkh) Ears. Tympana.
A t asmat, High, elevated, prominent. Elegant in plu
mage, limb, or shape. Sharp (sword). Any tree whose fruit
enlarges itself without bursting the pod or envelope in which it
is enclosed. Brisk, keen, acute, active (in mind), &c. Small
eared, and joined close to the head. Ze- asmatani, (dual)
Bold of heart, and penetrating in mind.
A "**** ismisdd, (iv of Ax-e Q) Passing rapidly by.
A 24- Asmatiy, Name of a celebrated grammarian.
A ismikak, (x1 of --) Being angry. Becoming
thick (milk).
A J- us?in (for re) usur), Ropes with which they fasten the
lower parts of tents to the pins.
A. 8- isns (1v oft-2) Assisting. Applying to the learn
ing of any art, and acquiring it.
A J- asnta', Industrious, clever, neat-handed (men).
A-. asn, (pl. of C.2 sin) Forms, kinds, species, va
tieties. J s- Various tribes. & 3 k" v. Different came fat.
sorts, varieties.
AJ- isnak, (Iv of G-2) Taking care of the money, flocks,
or effects of another.
* asnm, (pl. of ~e sanam) Images, idols, statues.
A
"J-'- The images of China (metaphorically implying
* handsome of either sex).
107
J
A J- isnn, (1v of cre sanna) Tossing the nose, looking
proud, disdainful. Being averse from the male (a she-camel).
Smelling under the arm-pits.
A t- asnukh, (pl. oft- sinkh) The roots of the teeth.
A i.e. asna, (An ostrich) having the legs excoriated.
!-- asie, (pl. of -l saw) Sepulchres, tumuli, graves.
A.
A 'ye aswat, (pl. of ~3 sawt) Voices, sounds, clamours,
shrieks of distress, calling for assistance. Fames, reputations.
A s- asic, (pl. of 5 si) Fleeces. Camelots.
A ~~ aswab, Better, best, more or most salutary.
A J- aswabiyat?, Melioration, improvement.
Axel aswar, Desirous, eager, keen, wishful.
A 32-) as:cirat, (pl. of Me sawr) Herds (of wild oxen).
A Jere asis, Robust, firm, stout (camel).
A *> aswut, (pl. of t st) Dry measures.
as wa, Bearing or producing wool.
A
J:- usul, A mode, method, manner, rule. A tone, sound,
P
musical mode. <3 J> A musical note.
A Je usul, (pl. of Jel asl) Roots, origins, causes. The
principal bowels, intestines, or viscera. The roots or funda
mentals of Muhammadanism (opposed to & 29 furi). J:-
& A, Causes and effects, ascent and descent in kindred, ances
tors and posterity. 5A-e-J- The ten primary intelligences first
created by God. J;-) & ) The four roots; masterwort, pars
ley, capers, and fennel. J:- .-- A syrup of roots.
A J:- usally, Solid, profound (reasoner or polemic).
A -,-) aswinat, (pl. of c- sawn) Drawers, wardrobes.
A :- astri, (pl. of Sye suicicat) High and rugged grounds,
hills below mountains. Way or mile-stones, posts, or any thing
for showing the road. Herds of wild beasts. Irregular blasts
of wind. Echoes, reverberating sounds.
A l-" is-h, (1v of 3:2) Galling or wounding (a horse) on
the middle of the back. Exposing a child to the sun after being
anointed with butter (by way of cure for a disease).
Aj- as-har, (pl. of Je sihr) Relations. Fathers-in-law.
Brothers-in-law (sisters' husbands). Sons-in-law. Sepulchres
(as being nearly related to man). Is-har, (1v of ,-) Melting.
Approaching (as one army towards another). Being joined,
allied, connected (by relationship, &c.).
A --- as-hab, (A camel) red and white.
Ayre- is-hirar, (x1 of Je) Shining, glittering, glistening.
skA J- asiya, (fut. J-4 ja-sa') (The camel's bunch) be
A 3'-' asy, (pl. of -i- say) Summers (particularly the
months following the spring, as May and June; the hotter months
being called *3) akys).
A 3-\asiyat, An inevitable evil, a fatality. A linctus.
A 3-2) asyad, Carrying the head high (from pride). (A ca
mel) holding his head elevated (from indisposition). A king,
P 2
 \2\
a prince. Asid, The fore part of a house. The middle part be
tween the outward gate and the house, a vestibule, a court.
A 52- asidat, Asheep-fold, or, in general, any inclosure for
cattle, built of wood.
A2." asir, Near, neighbouring, approaching.
A Jelasil, Rooted, radical, firm, constant, durable, perma
ment, solid. *} Je Sound in judgment Je As Solid
glory. Noble. The evening (beginning at the middle hour
between the meridian and sun-set, and comprehending all that
space of time, or, according to some, extending two hours be
yond it). Death. Usayl, (dim, of Je" asil) A short evening.
A --- asilat, Evening. Hereditary possessions (as descend
ing from the family-root). &c", 5K, Morning and evening.
A t:- usaylie, Weretrum. (A serpent) having a slender neck.
A 4- asiyah, Gruel or pottage made of flour, almonds, &c.
A --- Usayhib, Name of a well.
:k A J za (for J'ayaca), (fut. vi ya-au) He returned.
A \3) ac, A low gravelly place, into which water flows. A
marsh, a place planted with willows.
A cl is-at, (iv of \4) Shining, lightening, flashing.
Kindling, illuminating. Scattering (urine) about.
Aj's asbir, (pl. of i:brat) Collections of writings.
A s asit, Stagnant water; any place where it collects. *
J us Asat bani Ghafar, Name of a place in Madina.
Ac Uzh, Name of a place.
A J- ashi, (pl. of .<! uzhiyat or izhiyat) Clear (nights).
A SU3) iz-ad, (1v of ele) Giving a cold in the head.
A Al asaria, Name of a place in Arabia.
A J izas, A sanctuary, an asylum, a place of refuge.
A --- izeat, (iv of 83) Ruining, destroying, wasting,
squandering. Having a number of farms or fields. (See & 3).
A c-3\e izfat (or ve) isfah), (1v of -i-3) Adding. An val (which they call a sacrifice) celebrated on the tenth day of
addition, an adjunct, an epithet. The construction of one noun
with another. Increase, stipend, salary. Receiving hospitably.
Causing to incline or decline. Declining, going down or setting
(as the sun). Making one to fly for refuge. Bringing back,
returning, or giving any thing to another. Being afraid or cau
tious. Running swift. Being near. Looking from a height, look
ing down upon any thing. Being at the top, on the point of.
A izfy, Constructive.
A \) islat, (1v of J-3) Producing the wildlote-tree. Mis
carrying. Longing (as a pregnant woman).
A t asalie, (pl. of t zil; and zilat) Ribs, sides, parts.
Mountains, hillocks, rising grounds. Arches, or the wooden
work upon which arches are turned, cupolas, convexities, curves.
Bellies of lutes or other musical instruments, which in their cur
vatures resemble the convexity of the ribs. Slices of a melon.
A 2-\e azmim, (pl. of &\,) izmmat) Heaps, piles (of
books). Herds, troops, crowds.
108 _-4)
A ets iz-an, (1v of e- not in use) Abounding in sheep.
A J Izan, Name of a place.
A 3) arabb, (A camel) having a swelling in the feet or
breast. Asubb, (pl. of C-3 cabb) Lybian lizards.
A "*" isb, (iv of 3-3) Impending or hanging over. Being
near possessing any object. Being disappointed in a search.
A "*" isb-a, (iv of-3) Concealing, containing, suppressing,
keeping in mind. Oppressing the spirit by concealing anything.
A. ~~ isbab, (iv of Q-ve zabba) Being silent. Laying up
in one's mind. Speaking, uttering, calling. Hating, bearing a
secret grudge. Being numerous. Causing to distil. Giving
(a child) butter and new wine. Being cloudy (day).
A -3" ashs, Hands, fists.
A SA-3) islrat, A collection of writings, a pile of books.
A k-) isbt, (1v of a-3) Fixing, determining the sound of a
consonant by marking it with a vowel point, or a jazm.
A t- asba, (pl. of 8-3 saba) The arms, the arm-pits, the
fleshy part of the arms next the arm-pits. Horse-races.
A e- isbn, (1v of e-3) Taking under the arm. Delaying.
Ala-3 asbat, An ambidexter. A lion.
A s--" asbut, (pl. of s-3 sabt and sabua) Hyenas.
A. * ijj, (1 v of g zajja) Crying aloud.
A_\s isjar, (1 v of, s) Grieving, afflicting, wearying.
A &\s isjat, (1v of t-s) Making one recline on the ground,
on a bed, &c. Thrusting down or depressing.
A ss asjak, (A husband) having an aversion to a wife.
Having the fore-teeth crooked.
a ~s asjan, Distorted in any member (particularly about
the head), as the lip, mouth, chin, neck, shoulder; also in walking.
A \s asha, (A horse) white or grey. (A night) clear and
serene. asht, whence \s." *::) A solemn festi
(pl. of Sus
** , the last month of the Arabian year, which is dedicated
to religious ceremonies, (in commemoration of Abraham's offer
ing his son, whom the Muhammadans say was Ishmael). Isha,
(Iv of s) Making clear. Doing anything at noon. Basking
in the sun. Continuing, persevering.
A cus. izhk, (iv of cs) Making to laugh.
A Jus) ashal, (pl. of Je sahl) Shallow waters.
A & s uzhukat, A ridiculous thing, a jest, a joke.
A 3-s izhiyat (or &\ s), (A. night) serene and clear.
A -** askham, Corpulent, fat, big.
A &**) uzkhmat, A stuffing or bolstering of the petticoats,
which gives a prominent appearance to the hips of women.
A 2'-3" azdd, (pl. of ~3 zidd) Contraries, opposites, opp"
nents. Equals. Assistants (as being opponents to your enemies).
zdad, (1v of A-3 cadda) Being angry, passionate, enraged.
Ar azarr, More or most hurtful, noxious, injurious. Azurr,
(pl. of Jr. zarr) Adversities, afflictions, losses.
 |-3) 109 3)
|

A y itr, (iv of 9.3) Training (a dog). Setting (a dog)
in pursuit of game.
A --> asrb, (pl. of ~~3 &arb) Forms, species. Modes,
proportions. Gentle rains. Light-bodied (men). Stampt (coins).
Those who beat or strike often. Izrb, (1v of ~2) Causing to
strike. Leading (a camel) to cover. Remaining at home.
Finding it necessary. Violence, constraint, necessity, compul
sion, force. Perturbation. Extreme misery, despair. "L!!--"
iztirran, From necessity, by force, compulsion, violence.
A *A* iztirm, (v11.1 of re) Being kindled. Blazing.
A exa. i-tighin, (v111 of ex4) Hating one another. Feel
ing a tendency to hate. Taking under the arm. -

Being overtaken by a misling rain. Bringing any thing new. A &\la." istilda, (v11.1 of t) Having in one's power; ability.
A cr israh, (iv of cr) Removing, repelling. Corrupting. Ajula 3 islimr, (v111 of 2-3) Being made lean. Being fat
Spoiling a market, preventing any thing from being sold. tenned (a horse) by extra feeding for forty days, and then being
Ays' asrr, (pl. of 223 carar) Hurts, harms, injuries (pl. returned to his former pasture. Being slender in the body,
of 2,3-arir) Blind. Sick, emaciated, suffering hardship. Banks lank in the belly. Conceiving, imagining.
and channels of rivers. Souls, departed spirits. Jealousies. A rla- is timm, (v11.1 of ~ samma) Contracting. Adding,
Isrr, (iv of 23 zarra) Harming, hurting, injuring. Urging, joining, incorporating. Composing. -

compelling. Taking a second wife over the head of the first. A sla" istini-a, (v11.1 of 23) Blushing. Being contracted.
Approaching very near. Taking a bit between the teeth and A s act, (pl. of ix3 citf) Resembling, alike, equal.
biting it (a horse). Shewing speed, running. Peers, equals. Double, as much more, double the quantity,
v asrs, (pl. of Lzirs) Teeth, grinders. Js" J-y the same thing over again. The distances or intervals between
A

Teeth coming after the twentieth year of age. 49) U-y the lines of a book; where the lines in a book are doubled (or
Polipody, a plant. Isrs, (iv of U-23) Striking, moving, asto in two columns), and where there is a double margin ; also when
nishing, confounding. Setting the teeth on edge. Silencing. explanatory interlineations or marginal notes are added. The
- Ak i:ritt, (Iv ofrs) Causing one to break wind. Making members; also the bones of the body. Izt, (iv of c-ix-3)
a noise with the mouth in contempt. Mocking, jeering. Doubling, adding a double quantity, or increasing from one to
Ars' izrt, (1v of 82%) Making one submissive, humbling three. Receiving double. Weakening, rendering infirm. Pos
any one. Being near bringing forth a colt (a camel). Giving - sessing abundance. Having a weak beast.
milk a little while before the birth. A i.e. ass, More or most weak, helpless, impotent. ix
A izrm, (1v of Pr) Inflaming, burning, setting on fire. "As" The most weak or humble of servan's.
A & r Azru, Name of a place. A 3.3" isgh, (iv of 3-3) Forcing one to cry out.
A asri, (pl. of 2,3 -irv) Hunting-dogs. A cl" asghs, (pl. of t sighs) Handfuls (of herbs,
A t i:rij, A kind of yellow garment, especially of silk. A part green and part dry). Confused dreams, which cannot be
high-blooded swift horse. interpreted. Isghs, (1v of ~3) See !---' (KAMUs).
AA- isrr, (x1 of 223) Having the stomach over-loaded. A {{< isghgh, (iv of 83 saggha, not in use) Having plenty
Aj. a:a::, Bad-tempered, ill-natured, passionate, capricious, of provision (chiefly of corn and other annual produce of lands).
tesly. Inarticulate in pronunciation, from a bad formation of Being succulent and juicy (a plant).
the jaws, or adhesion of the teeth. A e asghn, (pl. of ex: righn) Hatreds.
Ajj iss, (iv of 23 zasza) Being avaricious. Champing A Je" askal, Naked.
the bit (a horse). A J.3" asall, More or most astray.
*** istibs, (viii of e-3) Feeling, handling. .A -) azl; , (and s aslu & ), (pl. of s silt and silat)
A t- istibia, (viii of 83) Passing a cloak, robe or
Ribs. Sides (of any thing). Mountains, rising grounds, hil
scarf under the right arm, and over the left shoulder. locks, rough, unequal surfaces. Convexities. Arches, Con
A Jli istibn, (viii ofc-3) Taking under the arm. vex sides or bellies of musical instruments. Oblong slices of a
A t- islijt, (v111 of t) Lying on one's breast. melon. Islt, (1v of t) Causing to incline, and preponderate.
A. J." isll, (1v of J salla) Causing to err, leading astray.
A-ja i-tirb, (v11.1 of -, *) Agitation, perturbation,
"asion, commotion, violent emotion, distraction, perplexity. Leaving in error. Losing. Destroying. Concealing, burying.
Fluctuation, wavering, trouble. Being poor, indigent. Being J-J" A ruined situation. P c J" To ruin, disgrace.
*ciated, extenuated. Labouring under a loss; fault, defi A. s asla, Strong, thick (man or horse). Having teeth
*Y. Becoming acid. Digging or sewing at the same time, bent inward, resembling the curvature of ribs.
"in company together. Being gained. Acquiring. Giving A & usliilat, Error, wandering, aberration.
ention to anything. -
A ** arm, Anger. Asam (from ~"), Being angry. Isam,
Aja istirr, (viii of, 3 -arra) Compelling. Being forced. Name of a mountain, and of a valley near Madna.
 W-)
A c-3' acamt, (pl. of * azm) Angers.
Aelixmd, (iv of ~3) Sprouting (the plant c).
Aju." izmar, (iv of 2-3.) Hiding, concealing. Thinking,
musing. Introducing a pronoun into a sentence. Diligence.
The silence of the c-> of eles in the metre called J.'s kmil. render or become subject. J25 <--- 2\ (or -** J-),
Jl ---, 2)- Secrets necessary to be concealed.
A * izmm, (Iv of ~ zamma) Joining.
A &c." ismmat, A heap or pile (of books). A crowd, a
herd, a troop. ** J- sabbakul asamim,The leading horse
(of a troop), the first horse (in a race).
A J|s izmihlal, (Iv of Js" oy Vanishing, disappearing.
110 _*\ .
J) *~ ,' .<!" Obedience to the mandates of the prince
of the just (i. e. Muhammad). P s <!" Letters of sub
jection, i.e. commanding submission, and demanding tribute.
J 49 c" To invite, summon, or cajole one to sur
To offer obedience, to surrender, to submit (to tribute, &c.).
A 3'-' it fat, (1v of ) Surrounding, encircling, going
round. Approaching, stealing upon any animal softly, in order
to catch it. Easing nature.
A 3'-' itkat, (iv of J}) Being able, powerful.
A. J.T tl, (pl. of J) it!) The sides, especially under the

lik, --' asmt, A kind of filbert. short ribs.

A J azma', Black-lipped.
A " izmikak, (x1 of ) Being green and succu
lent (a plant). Budding, blossoming. Swelling with rage. Being
full of water (a cloud).
A C-3) isn, (iv of J.3) Emaciating, reducing (disease).
A su." isn-a, (iv. of **) Being fruitful, prolific, having
A \\ italat, (1v of J}) Prolonging, extending, lengthening
out. Bringing forth a child of a long shape.
r c- atalk, A master, a guardian, a governor.
A itam, Costiveness from indisposition. A strangury.
A -\,\ itanat, (iv of e) Bedaubing with mud.
A J." aticil, (pl. of J} atwal) Longer, longest.

inany children. Having many cattle. A atayib, (pl. of --" atyab) Best, most delightful.

A izic, (1v of 53-3) Bringing forth a puny child. De A \ atha, (pl. of s tuby and tiby) The dugs (of animals).
frauding. Weakening. Doing any thing superficially. &\ AAA (Bitch's dugs) Sebestens. Itb, (iv of J) Turn
A. s':- azic-a, (pl. of s3 saw-a) Lights, splendours. ing from, removing g, averting.
A. z) as:caj, (pl. of z:- saw j) The windings of a river. A\"." atibba, (pl. of ---~ tabzb) Physicians.
A. 8:- aswat, (pl. of 8:- saw t utcak or sicae) Male-owls. A \le\ittib, (v111 of s) Following. Killing by stratagem.
Birds resembling crows. A ** ittibakh, (v11.1 of **)
Being cooked. Cooking.
A x aswat, Foolish, silly. Having a small jaw. A **) atbt, (pl. of ** tiba) Rivulets, streams, channels
A ex) azawn, (pl. of s asat) Pools, stagnant waters. made by torrents.
A \;<\ ash, (pl. of $333 sahical) Fish-ponds. Ishii, (1v of A J* atbak, (pl. of J* tabak) Plates, dishes. Disks, orbs.
J) Feeding upon the shrub " sahy (a camel).
a ** izhad, (1v of X: 3) Oppressing, treating with cruelty.
Vaults, concavities. Stories or floors of a house. Itbak, (1v of
c) Covering, concealing. Folding up. Consenting. Placing
A J izhl, (1v of J-3) Bearing ripe dates (a palm-tree). a dish upon a table. t J The vaults of heaven.
A 3-3) azy, (pl. of -3.3 stlf) Guests, strangers. A J attal, (pl. of Je tabl) Drums. Tributes. Men,
A C-3) isyl, (1v of J-3) Producing the tree called J- -

A. J asyak, Narrow, confined. Narrower, straiter. people. ** J What people are these ?

p\,\ at, The white poplar. A &\atibbat, (pl. of ~~~ tabb) Physicians.
A **) atbakh, Very foolish, extremely stupid.
A &\le' itbat, (iv of ") Speaking soothingly, giving good
words. Serving up delicate meats. Bearing well-disposed A. s atbat. More or most natural, skilful, ingenious.
children. Taking a lawful wife. Finding good, or pleasant. A & s attikat, (pl. of G tabak) Plates, covers.
A 3-t" ithat, (iv of c-) Causing (the hair) to fall. Ruining. A_\ itsar, (1 v of 2-) |Being numerous, copious.
A_\ itr, A circle, any thing that surrounds another; the A * it-hah, (1v of * tahha) Throwing. Letting fall.
environs of the mouth, &c., the hair about the hoofs of cattle; the
wooden ring or hoop of a drum, sieve, &c. Attar, One who
AA* it-har, (1v of A) Circumcising.
makes and sells wooden rings or circles of this sort.
A J*\ at-hal, Of the colour of dust. Turbid, muddy (wine).
(Dust) flying about. Name of a mountain.
A ck) itrat, (1 v of A.) Putting to flight, urging one to
fly, causing to move rapidly. a .s atkham, (A ram) black-headed, the rest of the body of
a &W-" itshat, (1v of L*) Shooting wide of the mark. a sooty colour. Chesnut, bright bay (borse). The fore-Wart ot
A&W, ittat, Sound, voice (See a.. atit). Hunger. the nose (of man or horse). Dry flesh, of a blackish colour.
A G-c iteat, (1v of **) Obedience, submission, surrender, A 2-\atad, Box-thorn wood. Wood of brambles.
subjection. Bearing ripe fruit (a tree). Lying open (a field) A A atr (from A), Bending (a bow, &c.). Making crooked.
for pasture. --~\ 2 <\;\ Obedience and obsequiousness. Surrrounding, walling, hedging, or paling round. Guarding:
 _*
fortifying, strengthening. Wrapping a piece of cat-gut or bow
string round an arrow, near the notch, to strengthen it. Utur,
(pl. of l itar) Circles.
A} itra, (1v of **) Praising immoderately. A hyperbole,
exaggeration. Renewing, repeating. Pickling, seasoning with
spiceries, preserving with sugar, honey, vinegar, &c.
a -}. itrab, (1v of ~}) Exhilarating, producing joy.
A vl Atribulus, Tripoli in Syria.
A t itrh, (1v of ck) Throwing or precipitating one's
self (from, or into, any place, &c.).
A c} ittirah, (v11.1 of c.A.) Throwing to a distance.
A 4%itrd, (1v of **) Ejecting, banishing. Rejecting.
Ordering to be banished, ejected, or exiled. Flowing, stream
ing. Proceeding in succession, one thing after another. A re
mainder, sequel, consequence.
A ), ittirad, (v11.1 of 9%) Being in good train (business).
Flowing (rivers). Following in succession. Praising the an
cestry of a person.
Ay atrr, (pl. of 5% turrat) Banks of rivers or channels.
Tracks, sides, parts, environs, or confines of countries. Edges
or borders of a garment (plain, when not fringed or scolloped).
The extreme parts of any thing, margins, boundaries. Curling
locks dangling down the forehead. Long thin clouds. Marks
or streaks on the back of any thing, as on the shoulders of an ass,
a wild bull, &c. Itrar, (iv of P tarra) Cutting off (the hand).
Throwing away what is cut off. Causing one to cut, chop, or
mince, Irritating, vexing, disturbing. Assuming the appear
ance of anger whilst one loves. Bursting into rage suddenly and
without reason. Walking upon the bank of a river.
A v atras, (pl. ofu, tirs) Leaves of paper or of a book;
especially where the writing has been erased and rewritten.
L J atrtikus, (Aster Atticus) Starwort.
A. ). atra, (pl. of tar) Eyes. (pl. of s tirf)
The most noble, eminent. (pl. of taraf) Sides, districts,
tracts, coasts, shores, environs, confines, skirts, extreme parts.
The head, hands, feet, and other extremities of the body. The
nearest kinsmen (as fathers, brothers, uncles, &c.). Boughs,
branches - 2 32 (or J : ;).") Every where,
throughout the globe, the whole world. rs The
heighbouring governors. Itrf, (1v of A) Giving any one
*mething new, such as he never had before. Being marked
* riped on both sides (cloth). Being descended from a long
line of ancestry. Becoming acquainted.
A-2 ittird, (v11.1 of 9) Buying something new.
Tinging the tips of her fingers with privet (a woman).
A, Atrijat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
AJ). atrk, (pl. of J} tarak) Folds, or wrinkles (of a
*hern bottle when almost empty). Itriik, (1v of J}) Being
dumb, keeping silence. Fixing the eyes upon the ground. Be
111
ing addicted to, or following (pastimes). Lending or hiring out
(a camel-stallion). Covering any thing with leather, &c. Going
one after another, following one another's foot-steps (camels).
A J ittirak, (v11.1 of JA) Going in different directions.
Being folded (the wings of a bird).
A. ), itram, (1v of **) Contracting a dirty colour (teeth).
Stinking (the breath, from shreds of meat sticking in the teeth).
A 3,9] utra, Any kind of herb, root, or seasoning used in the
dressing of victuals. The cat-gut or bow-string which is twisted
round an arrow, near the notch. A species of glutinous sub
stance with which broken earthen ware, &c. is cemented.
A rle itrikhman, (1v of *** Q) Pride. Opposition.
A e--- 9). atradu'l hjibayn, Having no eye-brows.
A J--'itrighshsh, (iv of L Q) Recovering health.
Rising up, moving. Stirring in the nest (young birds).
A JA atrak, Weak in the knee. (A camel) bow-legged.
Azruk, (pl. of C.Uk tarzk) Roads, ways. Customs, manners.
A Gl- Atrik, Name of a place in Hijz.
A & Ele atrikat, (pl. of J:2 tarik) Roads, ways.
A e'. A utruican, The fountain-head, or higher part of any
stream, or body of water.
A Jj' utrash, Deaf.
rl utrah. A pot-herb. A large dish, a tray.
A cs). itrihmm, (1v of *** Q) Being middle-sized.
A &A) itriyal, A kind of vermicelli used in making broths.
A t' itrh, An oblong bunch of a camel.
A C/ - itrial, A general name for myrobalans.
A J atarzlal, Crow-foot.
A * itsn, (iv of e-le) Having an indigestion.
A ~!" utsumm,(or *-le' utsummat) Domestics, kindred. The
ocean, the flowing of the sea. Justice, right, equity. The mid
dle. More noble. A place where bees swarm.
A J-k' its hash, (iv of vl. tashsha) Raining gently.
p J utsk?, A flint-stone,
A it:am, (iv of **) Feeding, giving victuals or refresh
ment. Grafting. Being well-flavoured (ripening dates). Being
savoury (meat).
A. ittizam, (v11.1 of **) Being fine-flavoured (fruit).
A Je' ittitn, (v11.1 of ej) Seeking to pierce (each other)
with spears. Breaking a lance with another.
A x!" attimat, (pl. of ** tm) Meats, victuals, viands.
&-c & Exquisite meats.
A t itsh, (iv of J) Seducing, leading into error. Ren
dering proud, petulant, insolent, Making exorbitant or excessive.
A \ it, (1v of 3.) Extinguishing, Putting out (a fire.)
A c" itfah, (1v of *) Filling till the liquor runs over.
A SUP! atfz, (pl. of &l. tfaz) Sepulchres.
Aj- itar, (Iv of, b) Making (a horse) leap.
A s itff, (1v of il. taffa) Happening, occurring. Being
 J 1 I2 c
possible. Impending. Filling to the brim. Bringing forth an relaxing. Opening (the hand), being liberal, giving bountifully.
imperfect colt (a camel). Understanding, knowing. Compre Divorcing, repudiating. Allowing (camels) to go freely to pas
hending, containing. Pursuing, attacking. Studying to deceive. ture and water when the day's journey is over; also, being
r Je' aal, A wife (this is considered as more respectful possessed of such camels. Attributing. Rendering absolute or
than ej can, and many other words which signify also wife). universal. Giving a poisoned draught to an enemy. Render
A J aal, (pl. of J tit) Infants, children, boys. Colts, ing the female palm fruitful by sprinkling the farina of the male
P #9. Je Fresh flowers, young plants. A Ital, (1v of Je) Being tree. Going away, being far distant. Freedom, disengaged.
near sun-set, reddening, as at sun-set. Having her young along ness. A diarrhoea. c J- Absolutely, properly, univer

with her (a mother). Being near the birth (applied both to the sally. P e-A ex-J To give the reins to a horse. *-
human species and to animals). J An universal physician.
A J itl, The side, that part of the belly under the short A Jk' itilak, (v111 of c) Being carried away (the mind)
ribs, called the hypochondria; the middle of the hypochondria. after any pursuit. Opening (the hand), being liberal.
A \,\ atla, (pl. of \l tala) Fawns (when just brought forth). A Je' atlal, (pl. of J talul) Bodies, substances. Ruins of
The young ones, especially of animals that divide the hoof. a house. Ital, (1v of JP talla) Being at the point of, impend
Bodies, persons. Sick, diseased. It!a, (1v of J) Anointing, ing. Permitting blood to be shed unrevenged.
staining, bedaubing (the body with oil, saffron, pitch, &c.). A 2.s itlikhmm, (1v of .* Q) Being high and haughty.
Bowing the head, submitting to death, or any other calamity. Opposing. Being very dark (the night).
A \!. ittila, (v11.1 of J) Being anointed, bedaubed. A. U-4 atlas, Bare, smooth, bald. Satin. A bald wolf. Un
A k atlab, (pl. of tilb) Lovers, courtiers, suitors, stamped coin. The sphere, the heavens. Ash-coloured; tend
fond of women. Wants, calls. It!ab, (1v of ) Ordering ing to black; any thing of such a colour. A stain, spot. A dog.
one to be interrogated or examined. Granting a petition. Being A thief. Black (Ethiopian). Blackened, stigmatized. * {:-
far off, or a great way to seek (as water, forage, &c.). u- The crystalline sphere.
A C-2" itilb, (v111 of 4) Seeking, asking, exacting. P J.-- atlas 7, An eunuch (black).
A c atlah, (pl. of 2* tilh) Jaded (camels). Tikes, sheep A-4- itlinsa, (111 of e-- Q) Sweating all over the body.
lice. Stewards, farming-bailiffs. Danglers after women. Itiah, A \-'k' it'insh-a, (iii of k Q) Removing from one house
to another.
(1v of *) Fatiguing (a camel).
A u- atlas, (pl. of u-k tils) Worn smooth, bare, bald. A s itinf-a, (111 of Q) Being fixed to the ground.
A 4k" atlah, The same as v atlas above.
Wolves whose hair is rubbed off quite bare; the thighs of camels
in the same state. Things defaced or erased. Spots, stains.
A & attiyat, (pl. of \l tila) Liniments, ointments.
A * atam (from
A :\!" itl, (1v of s) Manifesting, imparting what one *"), Having a constipation and suppression
of urine (a camel). Anger. Utm or utum, A fortress of stone.
knows, informing. Rendering attentive. Deserving well. Pro
Any square edifice, with a flat roof. A fortress in Madna.
ducing dates (the palm-tree). Vomiting, casting out. Shooting A c itmah, (iv of **) Raising the face.
or throwing beyond, above, or wide of the mark. Coming, ap
proaching. Making haste. Sending new milk home (as done Aj." atmar, (pl. of Pk timr) Old. Worn-out clothes. Poor.
by those who milk cattle in the meadows). Itmr, (1 v of 2-) Veretrum in preputio contrahens (equus).
A. ** ittilat, (v111 of **) Ascending, rising (the sun). Ak!" atmt (or |-ya!" atm it), A species of Indian nut.
Appearing (as teeth in a child, or young animal). Shooting
A *** atmt, (pl. of sl tamat)
Desires, strong passions.
forth dates (a palm). Inspecting, viewing, examining, pene Soldiers' pay. The times at which they receive it, pay-days.
trating deeply (into any business). Being fit, proper for, or at Itmz, (1v of tk) Exciting a strong desire.
A Jak" itml, (1v of Jk) Erasing (writing).
tentive to, (any thing). Considering, investigating, exploring,
A * itmm, (1 v of l. tamma) Being fit for cutting, re
endeavouring to discover the meaning (of any person or thing).
Carrying off, taking away. P Jy 2 & To examine quiring to be cut and dressed (hair).
and animadvert upon. Pl" atmut, A species of Indian nut.
A.

A 3), itl, (1v of ) Giving, bestowing. Escaping with c-k' atms, (Aftsalata) Mugwort. -

impunity. Suffering to go unpunished. -

A Ja itmi-nan, (1v of J Q) Rest, tranquillity, repose,
J atlak, The first day that camels are turned loose to
A content, quiet, security, peace. _*- Ja Peace of mind.
water. (pl. of c- tuluk) Free, unconfined (camels), pasturing A Uk" itna, (1 v of 2%) Poisoning, killing suddenly, stinging
at large. Fawns, young deer. Hunting-dogs. Itk, (1v ofck) mortally (a serpent). Dying. -

Liberating, releasing, dismissing, sending away. Loosening, A s itn-a, (1v of Uk) Permitting to live. Wishing for an

.
 &\\
inn or place of repose (travellers). Reclining upon anything in
order to sleep. Lying down in order to drink.
A -l" atnb, (pl. of -* tunub) Tent-ropes. Itnb, (Iv
of -*) Raising a dust. Speaking with sublimity, using glow
ing language. Sublimity of style. Bombast, hyperbole. Fol
lowing one another (camels). - Giving away a part of one's wealth. Growing luxuriantly (the
A&\!" itnbat, An umbrella, a parasol, an arbour, any place
or thing that shades from the sun or rain. A tent (of goat's hair).
That which joins the bow-string to the horns of the bow.
A t itnkh, (iv of **) Having an indigestion.
A k atn, (pl. of Li tauf) Promontories, extremities,
protuberances or pinnacles of mountains. Pent-houses, or other
projections above a door-way to keep off rain.
Ae atnn, (pl. ofe tunn) Human bodies. Loads di
vided into two parts and put upon each side of beasts of burden.
Bundles of reeds. Itnn, (iv of e- tanna) Making any thing
to sound or ring, (as a drum, bell, &c.). Making a duck to
quack, or a fly to buzz. Cutting off the hand (from the sound
which the blow makes).
6 4' Atanah, Athens. The Arabians call it also &A.
w The city of philosophers; and &;: ; The olive-garden.
A atica, Wrinkles, ducts of fat in the bunches of camels.
A atwad, (pl. of tawd) Large mountains.
A}} atwr, (pl. ofy; tarcr) Limits, boundaries, confines,
environs, marches, tracts, parts. Regions, countries, places.
Actions, motions. Measures, numbers. Courses, changes, turns.
Men of different kinds. L'', ~~\ic Places and countries.
r- Black or wicked actions. Jst Jk' Unworthy
actions. AA- A 2 *-J Praise-worthy actions and
illustrious deeds. Je L-khsh-at-car, Well-bred.
*}} Atwar, (or c';*) Atwarin) An island in the China
*a, where, according to Eastern belief, there are many demons.
A T}} atwran, Occasionally.
A J-k' aticas, (pl. of J-k taicus) Peacocks. Beaus, hand
some men. (Grounds) luxuriant with herbage. Silvers.
A J} atwk, The milk of an Indian nut, which inebriates.
A J} attrk, (pl. of J tawk) Collars, chains for the
neck.
A Jk itwl, (1v of J}) Lengthening. Bringing forth a
long-shaped infant.
A J} atical, Longer, longest. (A camel) having a long
dangling upper lip. atwalan, Prolixly, tediously.
A atum, A sea-tortoise, turtle, or its thicker shell. A
Species of wild ox (resembling a deer). A bow whose string
* close to the handle. A hedge-hog. A sea-shell. Utum,
(pl. of * utm) Castles, fortresses, square buildings of stone,
with flat roofs.
A\} it-h, (iv of x}) Being industrious, skilful.
Aj." at-hr, (pl. ofA. thir) Clear, pure, chaste, unsullied,
I 13 i)
clean. It-har, (Iv of P) Purifying. j Alit-hr, Name of
a sandy tract in Arabia.
A u it-h, (iv of - not in use) Making light or
smooth, lightening, easing. Striking out a letter, syllable, &c.
Using a short, for a long vowel. Despising. Being loose, flaccid.
plant J- silliyn).
AA." at-har, More or most pure,
A ----' atyb, (pl. of cl tb) Odours, unguents.
A_\ atyar, (pl. of 2% tayr) Birds.
A atyab, Better, best, more or most sweet, fragrant,
delicate, pleasant, delightful. le al atyabni, The two
delights, Ceres and Venus, or youth and gay spirits. Ar ve
m atyabuhu, How delightful (is) it !
AA atr, A sin, a crime, a fault. rA. 33- akhasan?
biatr ghayri, He blamed me for the fault of another.
A li atit (from 9 atta), Making a noise (the saddle of a
camel, &c.). The sound itself. The rattling of the belly (from
hunger or wind). The yearning of the bowels. The rustling
of the leaves of a palm-tree. The noise made by a camel's colt.
The murmuring of a camel from fatigue, desire, &c. Name of
a place. !---".Js Those who look after, or make use of, camels.
A &atimat, A grate, hearth, any place where fire is lighted.
A alyut, Name of an Indian nut.
AJ: a2-ar, (pl. of2% zi-r), Nurses, foster-mothers, those
who suckle the offspring of others.
A j" actar, A nurse.
A z asfir, (pl. of, zufr) Nails, claws, hoofs.
A i asi, (pl. of &#,G) uzlfat) Grounds full of rugged
and sharp stones (as mountains, &c.). -
A J Isan, Name of a place.
A. -* ash, (pl. of 3.3 subat) The points of arrows. The
curved edges of swords.
A us. a:07, (pl. of - Raby) Wild bucks, chevrils.
A *} asrb, The roots of the teeth. Wisdom-teeth.
A l izraf, (1v of ) Begetting, or bringing forth in
genious children. (See zarif). Putting into a vase.
A A Azrab, Name of a place in Arabia.
A Sk acirrat, (pl. of 2 <arir) (Grounds) full of sharpstones.
A asraf, More or most elegant, beautiful, clean, meat.
Most eloquent. Most industrious, ingenious, excellent.
A. i:tilam, (viii of **) Being harrassed by, bearing
-
patiently,or sinking under, tyranny, oppression, cruelty, outrage.
A ex aztn, (pl. of &z satzmat) Litters in which women
l
travel on the backs of camels. Women so carried. Izzan, (iv.
of e) Causing (a man) to travel.
e izzitn, (v11.1 of e) Travelling in a camel-litter.
A
A_\ asr, (pl. of j sufr) A kind of spiceries. Nails,
claws, hoofs. Large tikes, which annoy camels, sheep, and
Q
 \z\
other cattle. --~~)J Perfumed nails.
Certain small stars.
Ifar, (1v of, ] Wounding with the nails. Making conqueror.
Aj izzifar, (v11.1 of ) Being victorious. Sticking the
nails in any thing.
A,i, asfar, (A man) having long nails.
Ayl asur, A nail, a claw, a talon.
A Jl azall, The lower part of a camel's foot.
A l asl; (pl. of i il) The hoofs of oxen, sheep, viewing, reading again. P JA:s: sec) To repeat.
and other animals which divide the hoof; also sometimes (though see atdi, (pl. of c &aduw) Enemies, foes.
A $32) itzat, (1v of &=) Flying for refuge. Having re
improperly) the hoofs of horses. Islf, (1v of cl) Falling
upon hard ground.
A J azll, (pl. of J zill) Shadows. Izll, (1v of J. Kalla)
Shading. Approaching. Being cloudy (the day). Darkness.
A izlam, (1v of *) Growing dark. Walking in darkness.
A izzilam, (v11.1 of **) Being tyrannized over.
A * aslam, More or most unjust. Extremely dark.
A & s uzlafat, Ground covered with sharp rugged stones.
A sl asm-a, (pl. of sal; zin-a) Thirsts. The spaces of
time between drinking, or watering of cattle. Izm-a, (1v of
J) Making thirsty.
" A #' axma', Brown (spear). Brown (withered lip). Black
(cloud or shadow). Pale (gum). Small, emaciated (limb).
Thin (eye-brow, or eye-lash).
A e iznan, (Iv ofe zanna) Suspecting. Rendering liable
to suspicion. - with which he steers his course.
Aelizzinn, (v111 ofe zanna) Suspecting.
A_\ ashr, (pl. of zuhr) Afternoons. Izhar, (1v of)
Revealing, discovering, publishing, evincing. Pretending, feign
ing, making an outward show; simulation, dissimulation. De
monstration, proof, testimony, evidence. Exalting, rendering
superior, assisting against an enemy. Promoting another's in
terest, leading one up to any place. Despising, rejecting, for
getting, treating slightingly. Travelling in the heat of the day.
Taking the lead in prayer. P J <-exas ' To show en
mity, become an open enemy. c); J To make a feint
retreat, to appear to fly. c *}= w; ; *}^ y Feign
ing to be defeated, and taking flight.
A j izzihar, (v11.1 of j) Throwing behind one's back.
Forgetting. Neglecting. Despising.
AJ ashar, More or most clear, bright, evident, c-J
L) * A most evident error.
. . .!" Clearer than the sun.
Azhur, (pl. of zahr) Backs. Rough, mountainous surfaces
of ground. Camels of burden. Outsides (of hands, &c.). Roads
through the deserts. The exterior parts, or texts of the Kurn
(the interpretation being called J batn). Old pots and kettles.
A && w8 ut, The sound made in vomiting.
A (c) it (for le, wit), A sheath, repository, purse, chest, &c.
A \le' atbid, (pl. of Are tabd) Servants.
A --- atjim, (pl. of ** aajam) Barbarians, (i. e. those
114 \c)
who cannot speak Arabic, or speak incorrectly; but more par
ticularly applied to the Persians). Strangers, foreigners.
A ---> atjb, (pl. of & ' ut.jubat) Miracles, wonders.
A J-le Atl, Name of a place whence the best arrows
are procured.
A sele" itdat, (iv of 93*) Bringing back. Repetition, rei
teration, saying or doing any thing over again. Revising, re
A
cently brought forth (young camels, mares, deer, &c.).
A je itrat, (iv of 95-) Lending, offering or holding out.
Blinding. Appearing. Exposing (the side to any one). Lay --
--
ing one's self open to be attacked (either man or beast).
A SA= itrat, (1v of re) Chasing, driving (a horse).
A J- atriz (pl. of Jyc taruz) The concluding members
in the first hemistichs of couplets. Mecca and Madina, with
their territories.
A lc) atrib, (pl. of ~!- agrb) Wild wandering
Arabs (the more civilized citizens being called r tarab).
A 5'- itsat, (1v of 332) Poverty, indigence. Reducing to
want. Having occasion for. Being unable to procure any thing.
A &l= itishat, (1v of Ut-) Living, leading a life.
A 2-\e atshir, (pl. of y-e asshr) Tenths, tithes, or por
The feathers in a bird's tail, &c.
tions (of sacrificed camels).
Broken in ten pieces (pots).
Broken (hearts).
A --> at asib, (pl. of*-a= easabat) Nerves, sinews, tendons.
Children and paternal relations.
A 32- itsat, (1v of Je;-) Entangling, perplexing an adver
sary, so that he cannot proceed. Speaking barbarously.
A2-le atsir, (pl. of Ja- itsr) Whirlwinds, tornadoes.
A &t=| iazat, (1v of U232) Recompensing, rewarding, re
taliating, giving one thing in return for another.
A c- atzim, (pl. of lac assam) Great, chief, principal.
*- le- -- The greatest of the Muslim princes.
A 3\el it fat, (1v of -i-e) (Cattle) approaching water, and
smelling to it, without drinking, although thirsty.
A &t=| italat, (1v of J;-) Causing to decline from truth and
equity. Not dividing an inheritance according to law. Main
taining a family.
A Ju- itlat, (1v of Je) Having a numerous family. Keep
ing a large establishment.
A Jel atli, (pl. of J- aela') Most high, exalted, great.
Jel Umik, Name of a place in Syria.
A
A 3-A-itnah, (or c-: itnat) (1v of c-) Assistance,
help, aid, favour. P J &\c! To assist, succour, support.
Ayle atawir, (pl. of ye) atwar) (Men) blind of an eye,
blinkards. Crows, ravens. Bad, wretched, corrupt (men),
promise-breakers. Weak, silly, stupid (fellows). Obliterated,
 <-2)
defaced (books). Having no brother-germain. (Riding) with
out a whip or switch.
A clatb, (pl. of a tib-a) Burthens, loads, bales (of
merchandise). Like, resembling.
AJe itbd, (iv of re) Receiving or purchasing as a ser
vant. Making one to serve another. Being fatigued, perishing
through fatigue (cattle). Striking.
A Jliepr, (iv of re) Allowing sheep to go a whole year
without shearing. Having much wool (sheep).
Avc itbs, (iv of u-ze) Being bedaubed with dry dung
(tails of camels).
A Je atbl, (pl. of J.- tabal)Curled jagged leaves (as the
tamarisk). It bl, (1v of Je) (Trees) having leaves sprouting
(as in spring). Having leaves falling (on the approach of
winter). Having large, thick, red leaves (the plant J2) arta'),
proper for tanning hides.
A&e debud, (pl. of Are tabd) Servants.
A Je atbal, White stones. A mountain where such stones
are found. A stone rugged and thick, in which there is a mixture
of white, red, and black.
Ali-e ibinka, (xv of Gre) Being a wicked wretch.
A-a- ittb, (iv of -c.c.) Contenting, satisfying, making
one to consent or acquiesce. Receiving into favour. Turning
out of an even, into a rough, road. Causing to retire. Retiring.
A c- itd, (1v of x.c) Disposing, placing in order, ar
ranging, preparing one's self for any future occasion. Adorning.
AJe ittk, (1v of G-c) Setting at liberty, bestowing free
dom. Urging on (a horse). Managing well (property).
A c- itm, (1v of **) Becoming dark (night). Being in
the third division of the night, commencing after sun-set. Doing
any thing during that time.
AJ- itn, (iv of ce) Being severe (to a debtor).
A Je itibd, (v111 of Are) Reducing to slavery or servitude.
Devotion, divine worship.
AJel itibr, (v11.1 of re) Taking an example, and benefit
ing by it. Reasoning or computing by comparison. Consider
ing with attention. Calculating properly, and expending ac
cordingly. Admiring, being astonished. Esteem, honour, re
werence, veneration, respect. Confidence, faith, belief. -U
j- With eyes of esteem, respectfully.
Akze itibiit, (viii of a-c) Slaughtering an unblemished
*nel. Digging (a well). Lying hid (a man). Forging a lie.
*C- itibatiy, Violent (suppression).
**--- ititb, (viii of L-c) Purposing to do any thing.
Turning away from, discarding.
Ajs- itijr, (viii of, s) Putting on a coifor veil for the
head (a woman). Putting on a turban.
A& attud, (pl. of exc atd) Arms, instruments, utensils,
*PPratus (for a journey, &c.).
Als ittidi, (VIII of 932) Transgressing. Injury, injustice.
115 <\
A x=} itidid, (v111 of Ac adda) Being numbered. Count
ing, numbering. (A woman) being in that state when it is un
lawful to have intercourse with her (as when divorced, mourning
for the death of her husband, or when menstruous).
A Je istidal, (v111 of Jae) Equity, justice, rectitude.
Equality, equilibrium. Moderation, temperature, mediocrity.
\;= J\xc) The temperature or salubrity of the air. Je
Jj (Equality of day and night), the equinox; the Per
sians call the two equinoxes of spring and autumn 5:29; (new
day, that being the beginning of their year) and es (the
autumn) both of which they celebrate with festivals. Je A
Mediocrity, moderation. An equitable decision. p 2 --~~9
Je Middle stature. e.9% J&=\ To temperate, moderate.
attidat, (pl. of exe tatd) Kids of one year's growth.
A $2.2)
A_\xe" itizr, (v111 of J&=) Being effaced, obliterated.
Ravishing a maid. Excusing one's self, apologizing. Being
excusable. P Je- To excuse, make an apology. A&e
&V itizr-nmah, A letter of apology.
A \;== ietir, (v111 of 2,2) Coming upon. A contagion.
A C-e) is tirsh, (v111 of Je) Making a bower. Hanging
from the top of a trellis (grapes). Being seated on horse
back.
A Je itirz, (v111 of Je) Being mounted on horseback,
and reviewing an army. Reviewing a book; discussion, cri
ticism, animadversion. Meeting, encountering. Intervening,
intercepting. Opposing, hindering, resisting; refusal, denial.
Going awry (a stubborn camel). Riding on such a beast. Lying
(as a plank across a brook or a gutter). Sticking crosswise in the
throat (a bone). Smiting with a dart an opponent. Commencing
a month but not at the beginning. Listening to a petition.
A <2\-e) itirzt, (pl. of Jy- itirz) Oppositions.
A "A-" ietirf, (v111 of -5,-) Knowing. Enquiring dili
gently. Being patient. Confession, acknowledgment, avowal.
A <!-- itirak, (v111 of <=) Pressing one upon another
in battle. An engagement.
A y-el ittiz, (v11.1 of je) Claiming relationship.
Ajj-el itizz, (v111 of je t'azza) Becoming powerful or ex
cellent. Advancing one's self. Excelling, overcoming.
A Jel itizl, (v11.1 of J*) Separating ones self from the
rest. Schism, secession, dissent. J}== JM A schismatic.
A. ;-- itizm, (v111 of Ce) Pursuing any thing with stea
diness, resolution, perseverance. Application, attention, endea
vour, fixed purpose, deliberation. Running full speed (a horse).
A_\-ae) fetisar, (VIII of r-e) Riding on an unbroken camel.
Compelling, forcing. Taking part of (a son's) property against
his will. Asking, seeking difficulties.
A L--- ittiss, (VIII of U-c tassa) Acquiring, gaining.
Milking (a camel). Going the nightly round, patrolling.
A --Vietis, (viii of i-e) Oppression,injury. Straying.
A c- itism, (v11.1 of -e) Giving a thing wished for.
Q 2
 <--)
Putting on old boots. A shepherd placing the lambs (after they
have been dropped) near their respective dams.
A \-fetish, (v111 of J-c) Travelling in the evening.
A J- ittishash, (viii of U- tashsha) Building its nest (a
bird). Bringing a small quantity of provisions.
A \- it tisa, (v11.1 of 3-ac) Leaning on a stick. Cutting a
stick, felling a tree for the sake of a stick. Making a sword
serve the purpose of a stick. Being very hard (a date-stone).
A --> it tisab, (v111 of C---) Binding a wreath or fillet
round one's brow. Growing strong. Putting forth his whole
strength in walking (a camel). Being content. Force, power.
-Ajkaze" is tisar, (VIII of rac) Squeezing, expressing. Being
pressed. Making new wine. Extorting money. Urging, im
portuning. Taking refuge. Refusing, preventing. Dissolving
with a little water food sticking in the throat.
A. ka- itisam, (v111 of ~) Preserving one's self from sin.
Keeping one's seat on horseback by laying hold of something.
A ski-- itizd, (v11.1 of 3-ie) Begging assistance. Being
propped. Supporting or holding up with the arms.
A U- i:tifa, (v11.1 of z) Going to beg a favour.
A_\- iatifar, (v111 of ,-) Being soiled with dust. Becom
ing powerful. Tearing (a lion). Throwing on the ground.
A J-- itifas, (v111 of U-) Being turbulent (people).
A Je- itifas, (v111 of Jac) Exacting, extorting.
A. Je' iftiak, (v111 of C-) Springing upon his prey (a
lion). Fighting with swords.
As- ittika, (v111 of 3:2) Detaining. Being detained. Dig
ging in the sides of a well to gain an increase of water.
itik, (v111 of :=) Coming from any place.
A \-
A - itikb, (v111 of ic) Following. Imprisoning.
Withholding goods until the money be paid. Being brought at
length to repentance.
A c- itikad, (v111 of Mic) Being very hard and strong.
Buying an estate. Faith, confidence, belief, trust. Peyer c
To place confidence, to believe. S- J. Faithless, an infidel.
A j- itikr, (v. 11 of ,-) Being wounded in the back.
- A J- itikal, (v11.1 of J-) Being bound, imprisoned.
Being tongue-tied. (A horseman) carrying his spear between
his leg and the side of his horse. Twisting the legs between those
of a sheep in order to make her steady whilst milking. Tripping.
up the heels in wrestling.
A. c- itikn, (v111 of **) Digging a well; and having
penetrated to a short distance from the spring, boring a hole to
try the quality of the water, in order to decide whether the
work should be prosecuted or abandoned.
A -- itikb, (v111 of e) Being raised (dust).
a c- itikd, (v111 of <=) Being necessary.
AJ&= itikr, (v11. of Ke) Being very thick (darkness).
Raining heavily. Raising clouds of dust (wind). Being mixed,
thrown into disorder (combatants).
116 -e)
A J-- is tikas, (v111 of U-4-) Being turned upside down.
Mixing milk and gravy together.
A - is tik, (v111 of e) Restraining, containing,
curbing one's passions from religious motives. Remaining con
stantly in the mosque (particularly at Mecca).
A c-e itikn, (v111 of **) Being well poised on the back
of a beast of burden (panniers, trusses, &c.).
A $zz" itila, (v11.1 of:-) Being high (in place or station).
Being advanced (the day). Height, superiority, exaltation.
A --> is tilas, (v111 of ---) Taking wood from the {r-
markh tree without knowing whether it will emit fire or not.
A t- isil.j, (v11.1 of **) Wrestling, boxing. Dashing to
gether (billows). Producing the plant called J alajn.
A lc" is tilat, (v111 of !--) Litigating, contending.
A -" isfilm, (v111 of -/-) Pasturing, grazing.
A J- is tilak, (v11.1 of J.-) Attachment, love.
A Je itill, (v111 of J- talla) Being weak, sickly, ailing.
Seeking for a pretext to injure any one. Turning (a man from
a resolution), diverting (him) from (his) design.
A c- fetiln, (v111 of J.-) Being made public.
A Lz' ictim, (v11.1 of sc) Electing, choosing.
A 2'-- is timd, (v11.1 of ~~~) Leaning, depending upon,
trusting, or committing one's self (to any thing). Resolving, pur
posing. Being baptized. Faith, confidence, dependence, reli
ance. 92) ev- (Stay of the em
A support, a prop.
pire) a prime-minister. P J euc-) To place confidence.
A "ev- is timdan, Confidently. Expressly, on purpose.
A j-" is timr, (v111 of 2.2) Visiting, frequenting. Re
maining at Mecca on a pilgrimage. Putting on a turban.
A Jcal is timk, (v111 of G-) Making deep.
A J- is timl, (v11.1 of J**) Doing any thing one's self.
Being disturbed, perplexed, confused.
A. c- is timn, (vii of ~ &amma) Being common. Com
ing to maturity, attaining the full growth (a youth, plant, &c.).
Putting on a turban.
A U- iatina, (v11.1 of us) Taking pains. Anxiety.
Aju- ittins, (v11.1 of 2-) Declining, turning to one side.
A J- istinash, (v11.1 of U-2) Seizing one another by the
collar in a scuffle, grappling. Injuring.
A 3-) itin, (v11.1 of --) Grasping. Looking behind.
A J- ittink, (v111 of G-2) Embracing or hugging one
another in friendship or in battle.
A - ittink, (v11.1 of <<) Walking with difficulty
through mounds of sand (a camel). Shutting (a door).
A c- ittinn, (v111 of Je t'anna) Riding on horseback,
and reviewing an army. Happening.
A \;= is titc, (v11.1 of 552) Making an inarticulate sound.
,"
Barking, howling. Plaiting the hair. Turning the head of a
&
camel by pulling tight the reins.
 117
t &\
A}}- igirir, (viii of Je) Borrowing from one another.
A&= uttibat, A mutual cause of quarrel, or expostulation.
A cz istiyd, (viii of 2:2) Returning. Bringing back.
Carrying off (from any person or place). Visiting the sick.
The being accustomed to any thing. A repetition. A recep
tacle, 2-, 3- ,-,-- A disposition accustomed to justice.
e- e- ,e}} A heart prone to joy.
Ajs idiyr, (v111 of J3-) Taking on credit.
AJ- istiysh, (v111 of Utre) Being scarce (provisions).
- AJe isliys, (v111 of U-5-) Being difficult and intricate.
Hanging back, refusing. Not holding to the male (a camel).
A Je ictiyz, (v111 of J;-) Accepting a substitute. The polished man. Speaking barbarously (including all who cannot
arrival of one thing in the stead of another.
Ak- ictiyt, (v111 of *;-) Being difficult and intricate.
Akz) isfiyt, (v111 of \,...) Not conceiving (a camel).
A --- itiy, (viii of -3.2)Taking provisions for the way.
A Je ictiyk, (viii of J:-) Hindering, preventing. the Hinds, implying every one not an Arabian by birth or
descent; in consequence of which ***", A denotes, All
A t:- ietiyk, (v111 of 43) Thronging, crowding.
mankihd; as Greeks and Barbarians, or Jews and Gentiles, did
AJ- istiyl, (v111 of J;-) Confiding. Wailing.
A ** is tiym, (v11.1 of **) Taking the best part of wealth
formerly among the natives of Greece and Judea. ***) at jam,
or of sheep.
* U <! itiyn, (v11.1 of eje) Assisting. A conspiracy.
A Je iatiyn, (v111 of exc) Eyeing, following with a ma
lignant eye. Keeping a look out from an eminence, watching.
Viewing, surveying. Taking the best part of any thing. Buying
with ready money.
Aj- itsr, (1v of Az) Causing to look down upon.
- A Je itsk, (1v of c-) Being fertile (the ground).
A *= itsn, (1v of **) Sewing, or causing to sew slightly
(a purse). Setting (a broken bone) crookedly.
A Je itsn, (iv of c-) Smoking (fire).
A-s it jab, (iv of ~s) Causing surprise. Giving plea
sure. Wonder, astonishment. Being pleased.
A zs it jj, (1v of * saija) Blowing with vehemence
(wind), causing the dust to fly about. Being windy, stormy (day).
Ajs- asj:, The roots of palm-trees. (pl. of > *juz) The
hinder parts, the buttocks. It jz, (iv of #) Discovering, de
teeting weakness and imbecility. Escaping, slipping through
one's fingers, disappointing. Wonder, amazement, astonish
ment, surprize. A miracle. us=\-- 3\s A miraculous cure,
equalling those of the Messiah.
- A js- isjsat, Any kind of stuffing, quilting, or hoop, which
women use, to give them a protuberance round the hips.
A s is j, (iv of is) Emaciating, making lean (cat
tle). Adapting one's self to the humours and wants of the sick
by care and patience. Having lean (cattle). -
A Jl isjl, (iv of J) Making haste. Accelerating, sti
mulating, urging, instigating. Cooking in haste. Bringing to
maturity. Dispatching by a speedy death. Being delivered of
an untimely foetus (a camel). It jl (or &\s it jalat) New
milk, which the milkers send in presents to their friends.
A *** is jam, (1v of **) Speaking or writing Arabic im
properly, incorrectly, barbarously, or like a foreigner. Mark
ing a consonant with diacritical points. Shutting (a door).
A else) isjn, (iv of cs) Going on board a ship. Being
er at jan.
afflicted with the tumour called
A.As atjar, Large-bellied. Corpulent. Full (purse).
Aj*) as jaz, More or most impotent.
A s ajaf. Thin, lean, meagre.
A ** as jam, A barbarian, an ideot, fool, rustic, rough, un
speak Arabic, or who speak it without elegance). A Persian.
Dumb. Silent (wave making no dashing noise). ** ajam,
amongst the Arabians, carries the same idea as Barbarian with
the Greeks, Gentile with the Hebrews, and Mlech'ha among
however, has a more particular reference to the Persians, and
signifies the natives in general of all those countries compre
hended under the Persian empire. ** 24, Kings of Per
sia. Mirkhnd and Khondemir, in their histories, describe
then as the most ancient monarchs in the world, their empire
being supposed to be founded by Kaymuras, near 900 years be
fore the Christian era. They are divided into four great dynas
ties or families, called the Peshddians (legislators), Kaynians
great kings), Ashknians (from Ashak or Arshak the founder
of this race, better known in Europe by the name of Arsacides),
and the Ssnians, from Ssn the father of Ardshir Bbgn, the
first king of that family, (whose posterity reigned from the be
ginning of the third, to the middle of the seventh century, when
they became extinct by the death of Yazdagird, dethroned by
the Arabians, under the khilfat of Omar, who then annexed
Persia to the great empire of the Muslims). Under those dy
nasties are comprehended all the princes known formerly to the
Greeks by the appellations of the Assyrian, Chaldean, Babylo
niam, Median, and Persian kings; whilst it may be observed that
the Greeks, as well as the Jews, have frequently mistaken the
viceroys, governors, or lieutenants of those ancient monarchs of
Persia for the kings themselves; their residence in the provinces
nearest to Palestine and Europe having made them better known
in the west than their sovereigns. Nebuchadnezzar, Baltazar,
Cyrus, and Sennacherib, among others, were only governors of
Babylonia and the adjacent districts, under Lohorsp and other
princes of the Kaynian dynasty.
A. Js at jam?y. A barbarian, an unpolished man, one not
born in Arabia, nor of Arabian descent. A Persian. Barbaric.
A & s atjinat, (pl. of es it.jn) Fools. Perinaea.
 2\
_-
A. *}s utjbah, A miracle, a prodigy, a wonderful thing.
A xe" agadd, More or most ready.
A \,\c" aeda, (pl. of c aduw) Enemies. --> -sae) Ene
mies of the state. ce see Enemies of the faith. Itd, (iv
of 3-Me) Contaminating, infecting (either by disease or bad ex
ample). (A judge) assisting or redressing any injury done by
one to another. Putting (a horse) to full speed. Exceeding
bounds (in speech), speaking improperly or wickedly.
A exe" agdad, (pl. of Ac tidd) Perennial fountains. Multi
tudes. (pl. of exc tadad) Numbers. Regular returns of pain
from the old sting of a scorpion. It did, (1v of Ac cadda) Pre
paring, putting in order, making ready. Numbering (among
the dead). P J e ,2'Ac) To count out money.
A J'ae) idak, (1v of Jac) Being irresolute, uncertain what
to do, ask, or take. Thrusting the hand into any place full of
water, and moving it from side to side in search of any thing.
A Je agdal, (pl. of Je idl) Things equal to others in
weight or quantity (as loads divided equally on each side of a
horse or camel). It has a reference also to animate beings, as,
just, equitable, honest (men). Izdal, (1v of Je) Equation,
rectification, adapting (any thing), making it fit, proper, or
equal (to another). Directing properly. Considering (wit
nesses or proofs) as just and lawful.
A ** iedam, (1v of ***) Annihilating, destroying. De
priving. Preventing. Wanting or being deprived (of any thing).
A Jel agdal, More or most just, equal, temperate. Jel
c) The most just of the just. cls Jel The most just
of the companions. c-,Je The most equitable of kings.
A sixel agda, More or most dangerous, inimical.
A --&- itzb, (1v of -e) Tormenting. Being sweet (wa
ter). Hindering, prohibiting, preventing. Clearing water from
weeds, leaves, or other things which tend to corrupt it.
A 3'3- itzz, (IV of e azza) Going fast.
A_\&c.) atzr, (pl. of Je tuzr) Excuses. Itzr, (Iv of y&c.)
2xcusing. Making apologies. Deserving to be excused. Cir
cumcising. Providing a circumcision-feast. Being sinful, cri
minal, vicious. Doing less than one ought. Exerting one's self
to the utmost. Leaving a scar. Marking with stripes (the
back). Bridling (a horse). Being full of rubbish and filth (a
court-yard). Having one's life endangered.
A J'e atzk, (pl. of Je tick) Bunches of grapes or dates.
Izsk, (1v of Je) Distinguishing by a peculiar mark (a camel
or a sheep). Flowering (sweet rush).
A c-3c aezab, Sweeter.
A Je atzuk, (pl. of J&c. tazk) Palm-trees with their fruit.
AA atarr, Scabby (camel). Bunchless (camel). (A camel)
fat about the neck and breast.
Aye! atr, (pl. of 2,2 tiric) Spacious open places, tracks of to resemble a veil; by others a thick and strong wall, guarded
country. Idle, negligent.
A -,el Agrb, Wild, wandering Arabs (the more civilized
118 _-)
Arabians who live in cities being called r tarab). Itrab
(iv of -,-) Reading or pronouncing accurately the Arabic
language. Conforming a foreign word to the Arabic idiom.
Speaking, reasoning in Arabic, plainly, without reserve. Using
shameful, indecent, and obscene language. Inflecting, declin
ing an Arabic noun or verb. Averting from what is shameful.
Begetting a son of a dusky or Arabian complexion. Distinguish
ing (a fine Arabian horse from any other). Putting (a horse)
to the gallop. Giving earnest-money. Marrying. Fetching
water, sometimes every day, at other times every other day, and
afterwards regularly at stated times. Explanation, exposition.
A JA atrably, A vagabond, a wanderer.
A gy- at rj, (pl. of gye ari) Troops of camels. Itrij,
(1v of g) Making lame, crippling.
Ay= isrr, (1v of 2 arra) Being dirtied with excrement.
AJ-y- atris, (pl. of U-2 airs) Spouses (husband and wife).
Lionesses. (pl. of Lc &urs) Nuptials. Itras, (1v of U,)
Preparing for a marriage ceremony. Conjugal intercourse.
Alighting (as travellers) in order to take refreshment or rest,
and then to pursue their journey. Being necessary.
A Jy aersh, (pl. of Lc tarsh) Thrones, chairs of state.
Roofs, domes, or arched ceilings. Wooden houses. Wooden
covers to wells, supported upon stone props to the height of a
man. The upper or convex part of the feet. Tents. Awnings,
or any covering from rain or sun. Nests of birds. Props or
buttresses ofbuildings. Leaders or chiefs of the people. Sta
tures of men (especially tall). Glories. The sides of the neck,
and the oblong muscles. Isrsh, (1v of U,) Erecting build
ings of wood, as covers to wells, props to vines, &c.
A Jeya atras, (pl. of &e= arsat) Courts, squares, or other
open places in houses. Fields, plains, fields of battle. Chess
boards. Tables for playing at dice.
J- atrz, (pl. of Jye tirz) Honours, reputations. Wal
leys planted with trees. Souls. Bodies. The effluvia of the
body (whether good or bad). Estimations. &la-JAP
Corporeal faculties. *S.J.,e Essential properties. J
&=x, Spiritual endowments. J- Jro An accidental dis
ease. I traz, (1v of Jyc) Turning away the face, declining,
shunning, avoiding, flying from, opposing. Aversion, detesta
tion. Making clear, obvious, conspicuous, evident. Making
broad. Marking with a broad mark. Turning the broad side
of any thing towards you. Happening, being possible. Pro
ducing, imparting, offering. Travelling far and wide. Bearing
a child of a broad squat form. Castrating. Shooting an arrow.
A. 3,- agrf, The boundary which the Muhammadanshave
placed between their Paradise and Hell; by some it is supposed
by angels and holy men. It is in general considered as their
Purgatory, which, according to Saadi, appears a hell to the
 blessed, and a heaven to the damned. (pl. of -5,- turf)
Crests, manes, combs of birds. Sand-banks. Izrf, (1v of
53) Having a long mane (a horse).
A JA aerk, (pl. of Je airk) Roots. Itrk, (1v of Jy)
Diluting wine with a little water. Shooting its roots in all di
rections (a plant). Going into Irak. Being of a noble race.
Az agraj, Lame by nature, cripple from the birth. J nuating, making lean. Molesting any one so as to oblige him
z (or cy) Lame Timr (Tamerlane).
A agraf, Crested. Most knowing or intelligent.
A-32,2' irrir, (x1 of -5,-) Having a mane (a horse).
Ajel agazz, More or most glorious. Most esteemed.
A }= aizz, (pl. of jje t'aziz) Excellent, rare, incomparable,
glorious, powerful, magnificent, dear, precious. Kings of Egypt.
A -j- atzb, (pl. of e taxab) Bachelors. Maids. Itzb,
(iv of -5-) Being afar off. Pasturing far from home (camels).
Aj- itzz, (iv of je t'azza) Strengthening, invigorating.
Holding dear, loving. Having the orifice of the teat very small
(a cow, or a sheep). Having a painful conception and gesta
tion (a cow). Appearing pregnant (an ewe). Gaining (upon
a man, disease). Brooking ill. Magnificence, honour, respect.
- 95-9 With honour and reverence, respectfully. rje
A evac" itsd, (1v of 9.2.2) Bending, twisting (the neck).
J% To honour, respect, revere.
Ajkael aesar, (pl. of rac tasr) Ages, times. Fore-noons.
A )-is, (iv of 52) Hearing the sound of the sands Ja c- The monarchs of the times. Agsar or itsr, Hur
moving in the desert.
A J}= atzl, (pl. of J}= assal) Unarmed (men).
AJ- itzn, (iv of eje) Dividing and taking one's share.
A J- atzal, A man unarined. A cloud without rain. Sepa lightning. Itsr, (1v of rac) Becoming marriageable (a girl).
rating one's self from others. (A horse) lashing his hips with
his tail. Je *- Spica virginis, a star so called in the
constellation Virgo.
A v.2) Al at:alni, Name of a place.
A & Al assalah, Name of a place.
A 5- afizzat, (pl. of Aje easiz) Excellent, incomparable.
A --- itsb, (1v of e-c) Running away (the wolf).
AJ- isr, (iv of ,-2) Exacting a debt. Suffering much
pain in child-bearing. Meeting with difficulties. Being poor.
A '-- itsm, (1v of -e) Rendering the limbs stiff and mo
tionless, Labouring under a gummy disorder (the eyes).
A. J- atsn, Westiges, impressions. Places, repositories.
A- atsar, Left-handed. Difficult. J-3J.-- Ambidexter.
A. itsh, (1v of J-) Making purblind. Giving or re
ceiving a supper.
A --> itshb, (1v of c) Producing green herbage.
Discovering (when travelling through deserts) ground producing
such grass, and gathering a large quantity. Feeding on fresh
gras. Becoming fat (camels). Giving away (an old she-camel).
Aj- atshr, (pl. of ~ tushr) Tenths. Portions of slaugh
*d camels. The feathers in a bird's tail with which he steers
his course. (A pot) broken in ten pieces. A broken (heart).
Name of a place. &ers Jel The ten commandments. Itshr,
(iv of J-c) Being in the tenth month of her pregnancy (a
camel). Being ten in number (men). Driving camels to water
once only in ten days. Possessing ten.
A L- atshsh, (pl. of Lc tushsh) Birds' nests built in
trees. Name of a place. Itshsh, (1v of U.e. tashsha) Exte
to quit his habitation.
A - itshf, (1v of --c) Suffering from indigestion.
A y-e atshira, (pl. of -c tashir) The tenth parts. Com
panions, friends, husband and wife. Tribes, kindred.
A J- at sha', Purblind. Dark (night). Name of a poet,
or according to some, of ten poets.
A --> itshishb, (x1 of C--c) Producing green her
bage luxuriantly. Finding a place producing such herbage.
A \ae) afsa, (pl. of Vas easi) Canes, batons, rods, walking
sticks. Women's veils, or coverings for the head. Tongues.
Leg-bones. Disciplines, regulations. Societiesof Muhammadans.
A -a= aesab, (pl. of C-vac tasb) The chiefs of the people,
grandees. (pl. of vac tasab) Nerves, tendons, sinews. Itsab,
(1v of -ac) Binding firmly. Ordering one to tie or fasten.
ricanes, gusts of wind which whirl up the dust in the form of
columns, and drive to and fro, clouds fraught with thunder and
Pressing grapes. Threatening rain (a cloud). Coming in late.
Keeping at home on account of the menses.
A -a= itsf, (1v of -i-ac) Blowing vehemently (wind).
Bearing leaves. Being in blade (corn). Passing swiftly by (a
horse). Killing or being killed (a man). Running round the
wells, when thirsty, and driving the dust about (camels).
A Ja- a&sal, (pl. of J.ac tasal) The small guts, intestines,
paunches. Jesl, (1v of J-ae) Taking up one's walking-staff.
A *\a=! itsn, (1v of -a-) The being attached (to a friend).
Holding fast. Keeping one's self steady (on horseback, &c.) by
laying hold of any thing. Fastening a belt called ^\ae tisan
round the mouth of a leather bottle, by which it is closed, and
carried, or hung up.
A Ja itsn, (1v of crac) Being intricate (business).
A g- a&saj (or g- azaj), Bald on the fore-head.
A , ae aesur, (pl. of rac tasr) Ages. A man's name.
A J-a= aesal, Much distorted (a tooth). Crooked (arrow).
(A man) bow or bandy-legged.
A -ael a&sam, (A horse) marked with white on the face and
fore-feet. (A crow) with white feathers in the wings; also (a
crow) having a red beak and feet. (A doe) having white on
either or both the fore-feet, the rest of the body black or red.
A&a=! atsimat, (pl. of *\ae tisan) The smaller extremities
 Ac)
of the tails of animals. The chains or belts with which leathern
bottles in Arabia are fastened and carried.
A Ja-atsi, (pl. of vac tasi) Staffs. Bones. Tongues.
A ---a= issistib, (x11 of -ac) Being assembled in com
panies (men). Being heavy (misfortune), disastrous (day).
Ai- atz, (pl. of 5-ic tists or uzic) Members, limbs.
A -->ie" itsb, (iv of ~ic) Breaking a horm (a sheep).
A elic" atcad, (pl. of *-i- ta-d) Arms, particularly the joints,
from the elbow to the shoulder; also the corresponding parts in
the legs of animals. Companions, assistants. Brawny, fleshy
arms. Whatever surrounds or incloses (as houses, &c.). The
pent-houses over, or parapets round, wells; also stones placed at
the mouths of wells. Bracelets.
AJ3-i- az, (pl. of vic tiss) Prickly shrubs. Itsas, (iv
of vic tasza) Causing one to take (a morsel) in his teeth. Giving
one a blow (with a sword). Being narrow and deep (a well).
Feeding upon the prickly shrub U22 tuss (camels). Having
many camels feeding upon this shrub. Abounding with these
shrubs (grounds).
A -i- its; (iv of -i.ie) Coming into ear (corn).
A Jie itzl, (1v of J-3c) Being troublesome and difficult
(business). Wearying, harrassing. Puzzling.
A slic) itzh, (iv of -ie) Accusing falsely. Having camels
feeding upon the thorns called *-i- izah.
A ---i- at-ab, (A ram) having one horn broken. (A horse)
having more than a fourth part of his ear cut off. Bereaved of
a brother. Defenceless, friendless. Short-handed.
A *-i- assad, Having slender arms.
A &i= atzimat, (pl. of
gasm) Plough-tails. Wooden
harrows with which corn is winnowed. The middles or handles
of bows. The bones and roots of the tails of camels, cows, &c.
A laz" agatt, Long.
A lac" it, (iv. of ae) Giving, offering, bestowing, present
ing. Being tractable and obedient (a camel). J! *U--" Le
m att-u li'l mt, How liberal he is:
A -lae itab, (1v of ae) Ruining, destroying.
A. Je itash, (1v of U**) Keeping camels long from
drinking. Having cattle perishing with thirst. Making thirsty.
A - \lac" actii, (pl. of as at) Favours, kindnesses.
A Juaz attal, (pl. of Jaz utl or tutul) Poor, destitute, in
digent (men). (Camels or horses) having no distinguishing
mark. Unarmed (men). Unornamented, without necklaces,
bracelets, &c. (women). Without bow-strings (bows).
A Ja- attn, (pl. of c- satan) Places near wells, where
cattle recline after drinking. Ittan, (iv of else) Having ca
mels so reclining. Driving them from the well to such places
before they have drank, in order to render them tractable, in
expectation of being allowed to drink.
A 9.2 itzs, (1v of 22 assa) Making a man warlike (God).
120 G
A *Use A&am, Name of a place near Madna. Itzam, (iv
of **) Magnifying, honouring, praising. Respect, reverence.
A &i= itzmat, Cushions, or any kind of stuffing which wo.
men use, to give them an apparent protuberance round the hips.
A ael itzabb, Large (in body). Bad (in disposition).
le
==
Greater, t: r, supreme. 2:!
grana wazir. A c- left", *= J- *=
The greatest of sovereign princes, and the most glorious of the
mighty kings. Atsum, (pl. of-a- asm) Bones.
as, (pl. of := &fs, ffic, or aic) Colts of wild
A \-
asses. It f, (1v of 3-) Being long, luxuriant (hair, wool,
herbage). Termitting to grow long. Shearing (wool, &c.).
Granting freedom, liberty, immunity (from taxes, &c.). Pre
serving or restoring health. Cropping, or browsing upon, dry
herbage (camels).
A t- affaff, (pl. of - {{}, eaj, or taij) The intestines
into which the food descends from the stomach after digestion
(in man and the solid-hoofed animals; in the soft-footed beasts,
and those who divide the hoof, they are called c-s).
A_\e at far, (pl. of ,- a far or &ar) Earth, dusts. The
first waterings of sown fields.
A Je- it'is, (1v of U2-) Stopping the mouth of a bottle.
A s- it f (1v of -- eaffa) Making one to abstain
(from things forbidden).
A J- it fak, (1v of Cc) Going backwards and forwards un
necessarily.
at fat, Foolish, stupid, dull. Left-handed.
A --"
A aafus, One who greatly exposes his person.
Aji= asar, Whitish. Red sand. -
A U--- is inkas, (111 of U-- Q) Being of a harsh temper.
A \- ask, (pl. of U.S. aiky) The first excrements of an
infant. Ika, (1v of us-) Being very bitter. Spitting out any
thing on account of its bitterness.
A --" aekb, (pl. of C-2 takib) Heels. Marks, traces,
footsteps, or any vestiges left behind. Offsprings, children,
grand-children, descendants, or successors. The last days of a
month. I kb, (1v of C-5-) Causing an immediate indisposi
tion (any kind of meat of a pernicious quality). Succeeding (as
a son to his father). Rising (as one star immediately after
another). Riding (a horse) alternately with another. Return
ing (as insanity, after intervals). Leaving offspring behind.
Returning a kettle which had been lent, with parts of the broth,
by way of interest. Recompensing services and obedience.
Enquiring into the character or vices of another. -
A c-" is kid, (iv of Aiz) Making thick, making any "5
to coagulate or congeal. Tying, binding, tying knots.
A_\e" askr, (pl. of ic tukr or tukur) Flaces behind lake,
wells, or watering ponds, where camels stand when they drink.
Barrenness of women, camels, &c. Areas, plats of ground.
Middles of houses. The centres or best parts of fires, where
 J 121
there is most fuel. Prices for vitiated virginity. Marriage por
tions. Itkr, (1v of e) Astonishing, confounding, striking with
amazement. Possessing many fields or estates.
A Je iskk, (iv of 32 takka) Making (water) bitter. Rot
ting (as a palm-tree for want of pruning).
A Jliekl, (iv of Jz) Discovering one to be wise. Hav
ing the shadow shortened, or perpendicular at mid-day.
A clie
itkm, (iv of ris) Rendering (the womb) barren.
A -ie) atkub, (pl. of -\ie tukb) (Three) eagles.
A&iel atikkat, (pl. of Gc takik) Arrows shot in the air.
Awie' askad, Having an impediment in the speech. Knotty,
as the tails of animals. A dog of a particular species, with a
knotty tail. A wolf with a twisted tail. Atkud, (pl. of Aic
takd) Willages, manors.
Avaiz agkas, (A goat) having the horns bent back towards
the ear. (A man) having the fingers or front-teeth distorted
and crossing each other.
AJe atkal, More or most wise or prudent. Bow-legged.
A\{c} itk, (1v of J) Dying. Being thick, bunchy (that
part of the upper garment which is wrapped round the middle).
AJK- itkr, (iv of Ke) Making any thing dirty, turbid, im
pure. Soiling, bedaubing. Having a large troop of camels.
Being thick, dark, cloudy (night). Being fat (camel's bunch).
A c- itkk, (1v of <<= takka) Changing the colour of
the hair (as a camel does after conception).
AJK- atkl, (pl. of JK- ikl) Inglorious, mean, vile, ab
ject, cowardly, avaricious, sordid. Ikal, (1v of Je) Being
confused, doubtful, perplexed. Deserving censure.
A 'G' atkm, (pl. of ** tikm). The halves of loads, single
trusses or packages, such as beasts of burthen carry upon each
side. Coffers, purses, repositories, caskets (for jewels). Itkm,
(iv of **) Assisting in fastening loads on beasts of burthen.
* Jatkn, (pl. of & auknat) Wrinkles on the belly
(from fatness).
Au- Utkush, Name of a place in Irk.
* = dku', Thick on both sides. Bunchy (part of a gar
ment which in Arabia is wrapped round the middle). (A horse)
having the root of his tail strong and thick. Dead.
AJ- Atul, Name of an idol.
A $2. atla (for J- atla), Higher, most high, sublime, ex
cellent, superior, supreme. Excellently, very well, bravely.
* (iv of:-) Fxalting, elevating. Being in the upper part
r above (any thing). Arriving in that part of Upper Arabia
which is called t &iliyat. Making a title or inscription of a
: * Dismounting (from horseback). r J% \z\ To elevate.
A c- atlas, Fixed, unsorted, jumbled together (applied in
general to a kind of tree called r" markh in Arabia, some parts
of which, when rubbed together, emit sparks of flame, and are
made use of to kindle fires: these are carefully sorted from the
thers which have not that quality, and laid up for future ser
Je)
vice; when piled therefore in indiscriminate heaps, they are
called cle" atlas). Itls, (iv of J2) Taking wood from
the markh tree, without knowing whether it will emit fire or not.
A g- atlaj, (pl. of g silj) Foreigners who become prose
lytes to the Arabians, especially in religious matters. Asses,
wild or tame (especially when inclining to corpulency). Cakes
of a particular kind, thick towards the edges. Stewards.
A 24-) at lt, (pl. of al- tulut), (Camels) without bridles.
Marks on the neck (made on cattle to distinguish them). Tall
(camels). Short (asses). It lt, (iv. of Ale) Denying, rejecting,
disapproving. Displeasure. Having no confidence (in another).
A le atla, (pl. of ile talaf) Grasses, and every species
of fodder with which cattle are fed. It lf, (1v of -) Begin
ning to appear (the fruit of a thorn when the flowers drop off).
A J}= atlk, Terror. The application of leeches to suck the
blood from any place. (pl. of Cle tilk) More or most excel
lent (wines). Ialk, (1v of c-) Fastening (one rope to ano
ther). Fixing the claws, nails, talons, into any thing. Catching
and suspending (game or prey) in a noose. Fastening anything
to the horns of a bow by which it may be hung up or slung.
Raising up (the uvula of a child).
A Je asil, (pl. of J- silal, pl. of &l= silla) Pains, sick.
nesses. It ll, (1v of Je talla) Making (camels) drink a second
time, after the first draught. Driving (them) from the water
before they have quenched their thirst. Debilitating, afflicting
with a distemper.
A = atlam, (pl. of * &alam) Flags, standards, ensigns,
colours, banderols, streamers, pennants. Mile-stones or direc
tion-posts upon a road. Borders of cloth of different colours
from the rest. Fissures in the upper lip, or at either corner of
the mouth. Proper names. Lle." cle Professors of colleges,
learned men. P Zra; }= Victorious standards.
A alm, (1v of **) Announcing, proclaiming, indicating, teach
ing, certifying. Information, signification, advice. Marking cloth
(as weavers, fullers, bleachers, &c.). Distinguishing or making
remarkable in battle (as a horseman does his charger, by orna
menting him with trappings of different colours). Distinguishing
one's self (by bravery). r eele l- To give information.
P &J c-
itlam-nmah, A proclamation, a manifesto.
A eX=) itln, (1v of J) Publishing, divulging, manifesting.
A &la=! at litat, (pl. of \\z tilat) Ropes or chains about the
necks (of camels). Traverse marks, made by burning, on the
sides of (camels') necks. The extreme parts of a pigeon's neck
streaked with black. Mischiefs, disputes, strifes.
A atlam, More or most learned. Having a fissure in the
upper lip. 4- &\!\ Allah atlam, God knows, or God knows best.
A \- it limb, (111 of Je Q) Rising up, or putting one's
self in a threatening attitude. Bristling up the hair or feathers
(as dogs, cocks, &c. when irritated).
R.
 c 122
A \,x)=\ itlinda, (111 of Je Q) Being corpulent (a camel).
A J-'- itlinkas, (111 of Je Q) Being black (hair).
A 9|}|<! i:liwict, (x111 of |ale) Appending an ornament to the
neck (of a camel). Riding (a camel) without a bridle. Enter
ing upon any business rashly.
A &= utlamat, An impression, a distinguishing mark.
A J- aela', Superior, supreme, more or most high. J maining long in her parents' house unmarried. Continuing a ba
J Jse, i- A title of Shilibu'd din Mahmd Shah.
Ala- itit, Leaves of the tree called t markh, or the pod,
husk, and rind of its fruit. The fallen leaves of trees.
A = atamm, Most common, universal, concerning all.
A Vz" atma, (pl. of s- agma') Blind. Uncultivated (deserts).
*el L. How blind! Tm, (iv of ) Making blind.
A ce iamd, (1v of ~~~) Supporting, sustaining, propping,
strengthening (by pillars, &c.).
AJe azmar, (pl. of Pc tumr) Lives, life-times. Itmr, (iv.
of Pe) Cultivating, rendering habitable. Visiting, frequenting.
Dedicating one's whole life to any thing. Giving to one, during
life (a horse, estate, &c.).
A J-- is ms, (1v of J_c) Hiding, concealing.
A Jel at mak, (pl. of c-c &amk or funk) Widely extended
(deserts). It mak, (1v of cac) Making deep. Penetrating much.
A Je" atml, (pl. of Je tamal) Works, actions. P Je
*** - Approved works. A eml, (1v of Je) Causing one to
work. Giving advice respecting a work.
A *\ce aamam, (pl. of ** &amm) Paternal uncles. I; mam,
(1v of ** amma) Having many paternal uncles.
A Je is mn, (iv of ce) Travelling towards. Entering
into or living constantly (in a place).
A &te" atmittat (pl. of *** gamitat) Clews of wool or hair.
A 52- aemidat, (pl. of exc tamd) Pillars, props, tent-poles.
A L**) agmash, Weak, or dim-sighted. Name of a man.
A Je" atmal, More or most efficacious, operative.
A *** agmawiy, Belonging to a blind man. Opthalmic.
A Je" atma', Blind. A desert. An error. Je) al
agmayni, (The two blinds), a torrent and a furious camel.
A U- atna, (pl. of 3-c tinie) Tracks (in the heavens). Dis
tricts (of country). Crowds or bodies of men of different ranks,
families, or tribes. Ian, (1v of 5-c) Making or keeping pri
soner. Depressing, humbling. Bringing forth, exhibiting, pro
ducing (grass, &c.).
A U.e. itn, (1v of Je) Fatiguing. Bedaubing (a camel)
with a mixture of dung and urine, &c. (as a cure for the scab).
A --> acnab, (pl. of -c finab) Grapes.
A ue itnt, (1v of c-e) Breaking again (a bone) which
had formerly been broken and cured. Leading into difficulties.
A z itnj, (1v of **) Leading a camel by the halter, ex
ercising a camel. Bringing a rope under the bottom of a bucket
and fastening it to the handles.
2-)
A 90-)itnd, (1v of xe) Bleeding so as not to be stopped
(a vein). Bringing up one thing after another (in vomiting).
Requiting kindness. Obstinacy, opposition.
Ajule) iniz, (1v of jc) Making one to refuse, decline, or
turn away from, any thing.
A J-- itns, (1v of U-2) (A marriageable virgin) re
chelor (a young man of full age). Altering the features (age).
A Je- itns, (1v of La-c) Having few and scattered hairs.
A sue itn, (1v of -i-e) Being inconvenient, troublesome.
A Je atnk, (pl. of Cc &unk or unuk) Necks, bosoms.
The lower orifices of stomachs; maws, guts. Princes, chiefs.
Pieces of bread. Ianak, (1v of G-c) Ornamenting with a collar
(a dog's neck). Being long and bearded (ears of corn). Setting
(the stars called Pleiades). Travelling with an extended neck
and a peculiar pace (camels).
A - is nam, (1v of **) Eating of the tanam tree (camels).
A c- atman, (pl. of Je tanan) Those parts of the heavens
which are apparent to the sight. Whatever is before, or strikes
the eyes. c- Jel The nature and manners of demons.
Ienn, (1v of Je t'anna) Putting on a rein. Bridling, check
ing with the reins. Appearing conspicuous, meeting. Hap
pening, arriving. Opposing, objecting to any thing. Being
impotent, fascinated, bewitched, or declared to be so judicially.
Distinguishing a book by a title or inscription. Making large
or broad, rendering conspicuous. Exposing, rendering ob
noxious. Speaking ambiguously. Making illegible. Dressing
victuals not quite enough. Giving victuals by way of reward.
A --- aanab, Having a large nose.
A &st=| aenijat, (pl. of z- finaj) The ropes or leathern
straps which serve as handles, &c. to buckets. Pains in the loins.
Aj- aenus, (pl. of 5-2 tanz) She-goats. Does, fawns, ga
zels. Female eagles, vultures, owls. Fish of a large species.
Little, black, bare hills. Proper names.
A L- atnash, (A man) having six fingers.
A G- as nak, Long-necked (a dog). Having some white on
the neck. At nuk, (pl. of Je ank) Kids. Badgers. Trou
blesome affairs.
A 4-2 azinnah, (or &=") (pl. of e- inn) Reins of a bridle.
A J- atni, I mean, that is to say, viz.
AJ-- ininas, (x11 of U.2) Being long and hairy (a
camel's tail).
A c- attead, (pl. of ex- aid) Aloes. Tortoises. Lutes.
Timbers, branches, trunks of trees, staves. Any arched works.
A 3'- Aawaz, Name of a tower in * Najd.
A_\;= it war, (1v of 92) Exposing one's self to the attack of
a foe. Lying open (a place). Chasing (a horse). Blinding:
Aj';*) is wax, (1v of 3,2) Being indigent. Standing in nee"
of something without being able to procure it. Impoverishing.
 J 123
A Je it was, (iv of Jeye) Rendering difficult. Using cant
phrases, speaking an unintelligible jargon.
A J atwz, (pl. of Je &iwaz) Compensations, substi
tutes. Iticiz, (iv of Je) Compensating, countervailing.
A Jel is will (1v of J;-) Weeping aloud, wailing. Having
a numerous family to provide for.
** atwm, (pl. of le tm) Years. Times.
A e';*) attan, (pl. of eye tawn) Aids, assistances. Assist
ants. The companions of Muhammad (Abubikr, Omar, Oth
mn, Aliy, and others of his principal officers being so called by
way of distinction). It wan, (1v of Je) Assisting.
A s';2) ich, (iv of 832) Suffering loss (in cattle, corn, &c.).
A z:- attraj, Crooked, curved. Of bad morals, or manners.
Name of a celebrated horse and sire of a numerous breed.
Az-> itrijaj, (1x of z) Crookedness, curvature.
A attead, More useful, more conducive.
AJ- as car, One-eyed. A crow. Weak, impotent, timo
rous, pusillanimous. Wicked, obscene, corrupt (words or ac
tions), Illiterate. Obliterated, illegible (book). (Riding)
without a whip or switch. Having no brother germain.
A 592 agirirat, The plural of the above.
A J atwas, Polish, lustre. The instrument with which any
thing is polished. Polishing (arms). One who contracts in
wardly the corners of his mouth.
AJ- aticas, Difficult (verse). Je:-} Al at was, Name of land (water). Having the eyes deep sunk in their sockets. At
a place ten miles distant from Madna.
Ali- itha, (iv of usic not in use) Having a distemper
(amongst one's cattle). -
AJ ithak, (1v of Ga) Making cheerful and sprightly.
Au- aty, (pl. of Je t'ayy) Stammerers, stutterers. Awk
ward or embarrassed (in doing any thing). Full of years. Ex
ceeding bounds. Sweet-voiced women. Name of an Arabian
tribe. Ity, (iv of s- ayya) Being wearied with travelling.
Fatiguing. Becoming difficult, impeded, obstructed (business).
A Que atyd, (pl. of Aze aid) Solemnities, festivals.
AJ- atyr, (pl. of r tayr) Asses (wild or tame). Eye
brows, eye-lids, eye-lashes. Princes, chiefs. The middle and
more projecting parts (of spears, shoulders, feet, ears, &c.).
Fibres in the middle (of leaves). Name of a place. If yar, (iv
*A*) Chasing (a horse) about.
*Je' atys, (pl. of Jazz &is) Dark, shady groves. Thick,
*ady, tall, trees. Roots. The Kuraysh Umayyades.
AJ- ityl, (iv of Je) Having a numerous family.
A *** ityam, (1v of **) Causing a scarcity (of milk). Lack
ing (milk). Having little (milk).
Ae- atyn, (pl. of ce sayn) Eyes. Great men, gran
dees. il Je" The senators, the chiefs or elders of the
people. --> Jel (Eyes of the state) ministers. Je
- M. *
* The most excellent of creatures. <\; Je Figures
-
\?\
emblematic of the names of God. If yan, (1v of c) Boring
to a spring of water. Looking out from an eminence, watching.
A zz- uayrij, An asp. A hyena.
A U-- a8 yas, Ad coitum potens (camelus).
A are as yat, Long-necked (camel or man). Proud, stub
born. High, lofty, eminent, (citadel, glory, &c.).
A e- as yan, (An ox) having large black eyes. (A man)
having many domestics. Conspicuous. At yun, (pl. of c
ayn) Eyes. c-) er Seeds of Agnus castus.
A &e at yinat, (pl. of Je tiyn) Plough-shares.
A J- as ya', More or most stammering (in speech). More
or most dangerous (disease).
A 're at Viva (pl. of us-- tayv) Stammering, embarrassed.
p\f agha (or aca in the Mogul and Khrasmian dialect), A
great lord, nobleman, head, chief master, commander. An eu
much (as having the principal charge of the seraglio).
A &\s) ighbat, (iv of <-23) Having her husband absent (a
woman).
A & ighsat, (1v of <-33) Bringing help, succouring.
p_\#T ghr, (or j" aghr) Moistening, wetting, macerat
ing, solution. A vessel. Mixed, kneaded. Impulse, instigation.
-
p e's aghrnzdan, To throw down. To move.
A j igharat, (1v of 23) Coming into a low-lying hollow
country (called J33 Ghawr in Arabia). Flowing down upon
tacking, plundering, laying waste an enemy's country. Mend
ing the pace. Spurring (a horse). Marrying a second wife.
Twisling (a rope) firmly.
P ej agharad, Bruising, crushing. Exciting, stimulating.
P e aghardan, To moisten, to macerate. To mix. To
knead. To cause to move, to rouse, to excite.
rjj agharox, Beginning, commencement.
p f agharah (or V ghra), A slipper. The upper
leather. Sheep-skin with which they line boots, shoes, &c.
The linden tree. The threshold, the lintel or threshold-beam.
P f aghri, A vessel.
P e ghrdan, To moisten, wet, macerate, or bring
almost to a solution. To be macerated, dissolved.
Ge.j aghrkn, (A'yaginv) Common agarick.
rj ghs, A beginning, a commencement. Design, wish.
Echo, call. e aghaz kardan (or Jj aghzdan)
To begin, to commence, to make a beginning.
p ji aghaza, (and sj). See SAE) above. sjT aghasah,
Begun, commenced. A cobbler's tool. The sole of a shoe.
PL ghsh, Recorded. Accumulated.
re- aghashtan, To accumulate, throw one above ano.
ther, place one thing before another.
A 3.33) ighzat, (1v of Jr) Making (water) to decrease.
Lowering or beating down (the price of any thing).
R 2
 -*)
, A &\ ighzat, (iv of a) Enraging, raising indignation.
A 33" ighfat, (iv of --) Making one to stoop or submit.
r 3\" aghat, Name of an Indian herb.
P J aghal, Instigation, excitement. The swallowing of portunities till they become disgusting.
food not masticated. A sheep-cote. A hive. A beginning, a
COrnmencement. A moistening, macerating.
P & J aghl pishah, The lote-tree.
A Jlighalat, (iv of J) (A woman) giving suck to a child
while pregnant, or cohabiting with a man. (A man) exposing a
child to danger, by cohabiting with the mother whilst giving suck.
p A&T aghalad, The instigator, or exciter of a quarrel.
P Js ghlish (or Ut aghlish), Instigation, incite
ment to crime. Accumulation.
re-ff aghlishtan, To accumulate, to heap, to pile.
G Je aghalukhi (or us-), (Ayaaozov) Aloes.
*Jas aghalidan, To excite, rouse, animate (to battle).
To put to flight, pursue, drive away, carry off. To satiate.
Alaui" aghat, (pl. of &le;): ughlutat) Questions, doubts, or
whatever is liable to error or reprehension.
A &t=|ighmat, (1v of **) Being cloudy (the sky).
A &t=|ighnat,(1v of c:) Overspreading (as clouds the sky).
Overwhelming (as grief the mind).
P Ls aghanish, Incitement to crime.
A j aghn, (pl. of *::\aghniyah) Songs, musical modes.
P Jl ghyn, (pl. of \t agha) Great lords, &c.
A 2\\ aghayir, Alteration, change.
rv aghayish, Seduction, corruption.
A lighb, (iv of U-3) Raining slightly (with a small sprin
kling rain called r ghabyat).
A -- aghbb, (pl. of C-3 ghubb) Low grounds, and far
removed (from water). Ighbb, (1v of C- ghabba) Visiting
every other day. Allowing an intermission of two days. Water
ing camels every other day. Not failing or ceasing for a single
day. Stinking (as meat).
A_\ aghbr, (pl. of righibr) The remains of any thing, the
dregs of a disease, remains of milk in the breast. Ighbr, (iv.
of r) Raising dust. Striving to the utmost. Raining fast.
A Jl aghbsh, (pl. of Utre ghabash) The latter parts of
nights, especially when very dark.
A\,\ =\ ighbt, (iv of Mare) Leaving unmoved (a pack-saddle
on the back of a beast). Continuing without intermitting (a
fever). Raining incessantly. Covering the ground (herbage).
a J-3" aghbas, Inclining to a dusty colour.
A <2* ighbiss, (1x of G-3) Being of a dusty colour.
A r aghbar, Dust-coloured. A kind of collyrium or eye
salve, composed of Karmanian tutty, snail-shells burnt, and
sugar-candy. Obliterated (road).
Ay ighbirr, (1x of r) Being dusty (the day). Being
of a dusty colour. Indignation.
l 4 <)
A v aghbas, Brown (wolf). Bay (horse). Dusky (rose).
A J- aghba', More or most weak, silly, fond.
A &= ightm, (1v of * not in use) Repeating visits or im
A ks' ightibt, (v111 of are) Being in happy circumstances.
Wishing to be as well off as another (without envy). Mirth.
A. Jl ightibak, (v11.1 of Gr) Drinking wine at even-tide.
A "&" ightida, (v111 of 5-Me) Coming in the morning.
A_\xi' ightidar, (v111 of Je) Curling her hair (a woman).
A 3'3' ightida, (v111 of 32.) Taking much. Cutting a
robe. Being liberal.
A "&" ightiz, (v111 of .533) Being fed, nourished.
A '." ightizam, (v11.1 of ^**) Eating voraciously. Drain
ing the udder (a camel's colt). Drinking the whole of anything.
A -j-" ightirab, (v111 of ~,) Becoming foreign. Tra
velling into foreign parts. Marrying a foreigner.
A.y ightirar, (v111 of gharra) Being deceived. Being
foolish, uncircumspect. Coming upon one suddenly. Ambition.
a j ightiraz, (v111 of 3,3) Putting the foot in the stirrup
when going to mount. Drawing near (the time of departure).
A 32.) ightir, (v11.1 of -5,-) Drinking water (out of the
hand). Exhausting (water) by lading it out with anything.
A J}<! ightirak, (v111 of J) Being saddled (a horse).
A *A* ightiram, (VIII of ,) Paying a fine.
Ajj-e) ightizz, (v111 of ji ghazza) Being sole proprietor.
A Jy == ightisal, (viii of J) Spinning.
a J- ightisal, (v11.1 of J-3) Ablution, washing of the
body. Sweating all over (a horse). Multum iniens.
A -- a-- ightisab, (v111 of Q-a) Seizing violently.
A Ja ightisas, (v11.1 of La ghassa) Suffocation.
A_\;== ightifar, (v11.1 of 3) Forgiving, pardoning, sparing.
A 3'-s' ightifa, (v11.1 of -i ghaffa) Having sufficient food
(cattle). Giving fodder sufficient. Becoming fatter (camels).
A k ightil, (v11.1 of 33) Travelling fast. Celerity.
A ^k= ightilm, (v11.1 of al-) Lasciviousness.
A aghtam, One who speaks indistinctly.
A s ightimd, (v111 of ~3) Being enveloped (in dark
ness). -
Ajs) ightim, (v111 of ja:) Censuring, condemning.
A U-V ightims, (v111 of U-3) Diving to the bottom.
Being equally tinged all over (the hand).
A Jels ightimas, (v11.1 of U24.3) Despising. Ingratitude.
A Jv) ightim, (v111 of U24.3) Winking. Dozing.
A *= ightimam, (v11.1 of ** ghamma) Sadness, gloom.
A : ightinam, (v11.1 of **) Getting spoil or plunder.
A -s ightiyb, (v111 of -e) Traducing, slandering,
inveighing against (the absent). Getting into low ground.
Ak! ightiyz, (v11.1 of 4-3) Being angry.
A Jl ightiyl, (v111 of Jy) Assaulting, rushing upon, or
attacking suddenly. Concealing, suppressing.
 _*) 12O j
A Jightiyl, (v111 of J) Growing fat and plump (aboy). Ighrr, (1v of,3 gharra) Performing negligently the prescribed
Allaghs, (pl. of 3 ghus or ghussii) Leaves of trees, inclinations of the body at prayer (8.3% rukit and 9 sujd).
A U-y aghrs, (pl. of Ly ghirs) Young shoots that are
pieces of wood, and other rubbish floating upon water. Sweep
ings. Ighs, (iv of 5-3) (A torrent) collecting straw in a heap, transplanted. Proselytes (as being newly planted in the church).
and spoiling the sweetness of the water. Crows, black ravens. The membranes covering the heads (of
A clighss, (1v of c-e ghassa) Becoming lean (cattle). young camels), and other substances which are brought forth
Being wicked, obscene, impure (in speech). Throwing out along with the fetus. Ighrs, (iv of U2,3) Planting (a tree).
A J, aghrz, (pl. of J, gharz) Poitrels or breast-lea
purulent matter (a wound). Buying lean meat.
A.Jel ighsr, (1v of 23) Emitting a substance called maghsr, thers, which keep firm the camels saddles: (the poitrels belong
resembling honey, which exsudes from a certain plant like tears. ing to pack-saddles are called J* bitan, and those of a horse
AA aghsar, Dust-coloured, mixed with green, or red. A saddle j- hizm). (pl. of Jy gharaz) Designs, intentions,
kind of marshy pulse. A plebeian. A certain bird with a long ends, views, machinations. Butts or marks for arrows. Asses
neck. A lion. Coarse woollen cloth. colts. Ighrz, (iv of J,3) Filling (a bottle). Filling (it) not
A 2:1 aghsam, (A head of hair) consisting more of white than quite full. Tiring, fatiguing, vexing. Girthing (a camel).
black ones. Such kind of hair. A JA ighrk, (1v of Je) Drowning, plunging, immerging,

A MA: ighdd, (1v of A ghadda) Being seized with the throwing into (water). Filling (a cup). Bending or drawing
plague (a camel). Having camels labouring under an infection.
Being angry, exasperated, stimulated to rage.
AAAs aghdr, (pl. of Ja ghadr) Frauds, perfidies, deceits,
injuries. Ighdr, (1v of JA) Abandoning, rendering destitute.
Leaving a remainder. Being dark (the night).
A Aelighd, (iv of -343) Loosing or dropping (a veil)
over the face. Letting fall a net (upon birds). Diffusing (dark
ness). Cutting off (the prepuce). Coiens (cum muliere).
A Jas ighdk, (iv of J.A.) Being copious (rain).
A jlaghdirat, (pl. of 233 ghadir) Pools, ditches, horse
ponds, stagnant waters. Swords.
A&A: aghdiyat, (pl. of "As ghid) Meats, victuals. ---.S
.*
&A: The qualities of meat.
A Jel ighddn, (x11 of J) Being long and bushy
(hair). Being of a dark green through rankness (a plant).
A "&" ighsz, (iv of & ghazza) Suppurating (a wound).
Causing to suppurate. Diminishing. Accelerating.
A&l aghaiyat, (pl. of \& ghiz) Meat or drink. Aliments.
PA ghar, A well nearly dry.
AJ agharr, White, bright. Illustrious, noble. (A horse)
with a white spot on his forehead. Conspicuous for virtue and 2, gharir) Young and inexperienced persons.
good sense. A beard covering almost the whole face. Most sultry.
Ay: ighr, (iv of 2,3) Impulse, instigation.
Ay: aghirri, (pl. of 2,3 gharir) Such as are deceived with
vain hopes. Young people inexperienced in life, and liable to
deception. Excellent dispositions. Sureties, bondsmen.
A -,-] ighrb, (iv of -2,3) Becoming strange or foreign.
Travelling to foreign parts. Bringing, performing or relating
anything foreign, strange or wonderful. Filling (a bottle).
The being seized with a violent disorder. Being white, shining.
Having white eye-brows or eye-lashes (man or beast).
A9), lighrd, (iv of 9,) Singing (especially with a raised
voice and motion of the body).
*}s aghrr, (pl. of , ghirr) Unskilled, inexperienced.
(a bow) to the utmost of one's strength. Holding (the breath)
and then making a braying noise. (A mare) mixing with horses
(in a race), and outstripping them. Fascinating the eyes, and
attracting beholders (a beautiful woman). Praising immode
rately. Being possible though not probable. Intemperance.
A *}= ighrm, (1v of pr) Mulcting, fining. Ruining. Mak
ing one fond or desirous. Being addicted to, or fond of.
A ~, aghrab, More or most strange, wonderful.
A &," aghribat, (pl. of ~, gharb) Showers of tears. The
lachrymal glands or ducts. The extremities of the eyes. Tu
mours in the corners of the eyes. Principal parts of anything.
Acrimonies, acidities. Cheerful dispositions. Large buckets
made of ox-leather. Eloquent (tongues). Settings (of the sun).
The first startings of young horses in a course. (Horses) run
ning often. Departures. (People) excelling (in any thing).
Spittles. (pl. of A ghirb) Swords, hatchets, or rather the
curved parts of their edges (with which the blow is struck).
(pl. of ~\,: ghurb) Crows, ravens. The prominent parts of
the hips of horses or cannels.
A 5, aghirrat, (pl. of y ghirr) Edges of swords. (pl. of
P *9, aghardah, (A garment) narrow and flimsy.
G vla-A aghirustis, (AYwri;) Couch-grass.
A JA) aghral, Easy, agreeable (life). Abounding with con
veniencies (any place). Plentiful (year). Uncircumcised.
Sheathed (a sword). Unmowed, or uncropped by cattle (a field).
Ps, l ghrah, A circle described by a pair of compasses. A
tetter, a ring-worm. A sore or rag about the nails.
P **) aghrah, An assembly of kings, nobles or judges. A
whirlwind. Ughrah, A wen, a bubo. A bunch on the back.
A aghra', More or most elegant, beautiful.
P ~2,5) Aghriras, Name of the brother of Afrsiyb.
A J- ighriz, The flowers of the palm-tree. Fresh fruit.
rj) aghaz, Arivulet, a mountain-torrent,
 c 126
A j: ighz, (iv of 253) Sending upon a military expedition,
compelling (a man) to go to war. Granting a delay in the pay
ment of debt. Having (a husband) absent in the wars. Conceiv
ing with difficulty (a camel).
Ay: ighzr, (1v of j) Multiplying. Conferring many
benefits. Having (camels) abounding with milk.
Ajj: ighzz, (1v of 5: ghazza) Having many hard thorns (a
tree). Being difficult to milk (a cow).
A J}: ighzl, (1v of J) Twirling the spindle when spin
ning. Having a young one (a doe). Giving attention to the
ladies, holding polite or amorous conversation with them, being
attached to their company, dangling after them, making love.
Aej aghzn, (pl. of ej ghazan) Crabs. Eagles, or birds
resembling them.
A J aghzal, Excelling in erotic poetry.
A \-3 ighs, (iv of us-3) Being dark (night).
A - ighs; (iv of -i-.) Walking in darkness.
A J- ighsk, (1v of G-:) Growing dark. Walking in, be
ing in the dark. Drawing out the evening prayer till a late hour.
p e-T aghastan, To fill, to cram.
r Jl ighush (for Ul ightish), An embrace.
A U.<! ighsh, (1v of J.-:) Covering, enveloping (with dark
ness). Causing any thing to come unexpectedly. Being covered,
hid. Having a syncope or fainting.
*...*- ghishtan, To macerate, dissolve, wash, moisten,
soften. To cut, hash, or mince. To crumble bread into water,
to make a paste. To become torpid (a limb, by the palsy, &c.).
To sleep. To be grieved or afflicted. To defile.
p J*- ghishtndan, To cause to mix, macerate, &c.
P & 3" ighishtah, Mixed, cut. Moistened, smeared, &c.
p -T aghashak, Turpentine.
P J-7 ghishtagi, Alloy, mixture.
A J.-- aghsha', White-headed (horse or goat).
A Jakae! ighss, (1v of La ghassa) Being choked (with
meat or drink). Being vexed; fretting.
A Ja" aghsn, (pl. of era: ghusn) Branches. Ighsn, (iv
of cras) Growing large in the grain (a bunch of grapes).
A eras aghsan, Marked with white on the tail (an ox, &c.)
A Vi ighz, (1v of 3-i) Knitting the brows. Being silent
(about any thing). Being dark, and by the darkness concealing
anything (the night). Turning away (the face). Being bitter,
and by the bitterness causing one to make a wry face.
A -\i) ighzb, (iv of ie) Provoking, enraging.
p Jie aghzdan, To invert.
A is ighzf; (iv of --i) Being obscure, cloudy, dark
(night). Being luxuriant in the branches (the palm) and there
fore bearing worse fruit. Threatening rain. Being soft (cotton).
A Ji ighzn, (iv of cri) Raining continually.
A c.33) aghzab, The groin. Very angry. Flap-eared (dog).
A Jie ighzll, (x11 of J_i) Being very moist.
J
A Was ight, (iv of **) Diffusing branches, and extending
them along the ground (a tree). Being full of sap (a vine).
A Jua ightsh, (iv of Llae) Being dark. Making dark.
A Lla: aghtash, Weak-sighted.
A as aghta, Comfortable, easy (life).
A &la=\ aghtiyat, (pl. of Wai ghit) Coverings, veils.
A \ agh, (pl. of \ ghaa) Chaff, tares, and other refuse
of corn when winnowed. Grains of corn which drop from the
ear. A kind of malady incident to palm-trees, which prevents
the dates from ripening. Ighfa, (1v of 33) Sleeping, lying
upon straw in a barn. Abounding with bran (wheat).
A_\;=\ aghfar, (pl. of ghufr), The young of wild goats.
Ighfar, (1v of ,<) Covering, hiding, laying up any thing in a
repository. Having ripe or ripening dates (a palm-tree). Pro
ducing a kind of sweet juice which exsudes from the plant like
tears (the plant G-y rims).
A J aghfl, (pl. of J&K ghul) (Deserts) without roads or
signals to direct travellers. (Districts) without habitations or the
traces of any. (Places) without owners. (Men) without pos
sessions. (Cattle) without marks. (People) without experience.
(Verses) without owners. Anonymous (poets). Ighfal, (1v of
J) Neglecting. Causing one to forget or to be negligent.
Turning (a horse) loose without marking (him).
Ay aghfar, (A garment) least apt to be soiled, which can
best bear or conceal any thing dirty. More or most forgiving,
Ay ighfirr, (x1 of, 3) Having much nap (cloth).
r J aghil, A sheep-cote.
PJ: aghil, A side-glance.
A \s' ighl, (1v of J) Growing high (herbage). Being
dear, of great price. "Rising in value. Buying dear. Selling
dear. Making dear. Making (a pot) boil.
A $.3" ighl-at, One single ebullition.
ge-l" aghljn, (Ayzoxoy) The aromatic aloe.
ALk ighlas, (1v of v.4%) Becoming dark towards the end
of the night. Being, or doing, anything about that time of night.
A il aghlt, (pl. of la's ghalat) Errors. Ighlt, (iv of Al)
Leading into error.
A \ ighlz, (1v of 43) Using coarse or opprobrious lan
guage. Buying coarse (cloth). Going to rough, coarse, rug
ged grounds, and residing there.
A ighlf, (1v of Li) Sheathing, putting up in a scab
bard or sheath. Preparing a sheath for any thing.
A Ji aghlk, (pl. of G ghalk) Locks, bars, bolts, chains,
or any fastenings (for a door). Ighlak, (1v of c) Shutting,
locking or fastening (a door). Being difficult, abstruse. Galling
(a camel's back) by overloading (so that it cannot be cured).
A Jl aghll, (pl. of J ghull) Yokes or chains for the neck
(of iron, or of leather with part of the hair adhering). (pl. of
J ghalal) Water flowing amongst trees. J-- J Bolts,
links, or rings of chains. P J\}) 2:5- Fit for the yoke. A Ighlal,

(1v of UAE ghalla) Defrauding, cheating of his share, acting per
fidiously. (Ground) producing corn or pulse called &l= ghallat.
Having rich produce of this kind (a farmer). Bringing home
such produce. (A valley) producing the herbs called J clouds (the sky).
ghulln. Fixing (the countenance or the eye) directly (upon
any object). Enduring thirst. Pulling off, with too much vio
lence, the skin of any slaughtered animal, so as that part of the
flesh comes along with it. P J JW4) To yoke.
A : ighlam, (1v of **) Provoking to venery.
A --- aghlab, Superior, stronger, strongest. More or most
violent. Most likely. Thick-necked. Lofty, high (a hill).
Noble and powerful (tribe). Thick with trees (a garden, or
chard). ~! The lion. 3 For the most part, probably.
AA= aghlac, Grosser, fattest. As 2* Thick stools.
* is aghlaf, Uncircumcised. Sheathed (sword, &c.).
Hard, stubborn (heart), as being sheathed or plunged in vice.
Unmowed, uncropped by cattle (a field). Affluent, comfortable
(life). Abounding in produce, plentiful, smiling (year, &c.).
A as aghlimat, (pl. of ck ghulm) Boys. Servants, slaves.
rval: Ughlumish, Name of a king of Persia.
p J ughlan, Instigation, excitement. Name of a celebrated
prince related to Timr Lang (Tamerlane).
A G- ighlinta, (III of J Q) Conquering, overpowering.
*:::= ughluj, A little branch, a twig.
*** ughltat, A question, doubt. Anything liable to error
or reprehension.
p J. aghli (erroneously for J ghil), A sheep-cote.
p J-4- aghlisiin, The rainbow.
A -s ightilb, (x1 of -*) Raging with anger.
A * aghamm, Having much hair on the fore-head, or on the
hinder part of the head.
Aus' aghm, (pl. of Ja ghama') Faintings, swoonings.
Roos of houses. The highest parts of a roof covered with reeds
or anything similar. Ighm, (1v of L) Speaking obscurely.
Painting, swooning. --
A ca: ughmd, (pl. of A43 ghimd) Sheaths. Husks, pods,
shells, wrappers. Ighmad, (1v of A43) Sheathing (a sword,
&c.).
Aja: aghmr, (pl. of 23 ghumr) Rude, inexperienced, un
learned (men). Saffrons. (pl. of 24.3 ghumar) Small cups.
Ajail ighmas, (iv. of j) Disparaging, detracting from,
railing against, blaming, reviling. Growing cool, abating (the
heat of the sun). Being fat on the bunch (a camel). Handling
cattle to try whether they are fat or lean,
AJs aghmz, (pl. of U343 ghamz) Low, flat (grounds).
Mean, low (men). Ighmz, (1v of L4-3) Looking with half
shut eyes, Winking at, indulging. Allowing a discount. Con
"wance, dissimulation. Superciliousness, neglect. Sharpening
(the edge of a sword). P J Jav To connive at, excuse.
127 2%)
A PLE' ighmiit, (1v of a 3) Continuing without intermission
(a fever).
A cs' ighmm, (1v of ** ghamma) Being overcast with
Being very hot (the day).
A !.' aghmir, (pl. of rghamir) Grasses which are over
topped and sheltered from the sun by the taller and drier herb
age; whatever green stuff vegetates at the roots of hay or grass.
A L2. aghmas, Blear-eyed.
A J aghann, One who speaks through the nose. (Deer)
braying through the nose. (A valley) abounding with trees or
herbage. (A place) thronged with people.
A Lilighn, (1v of U-3) Enriching. Contenting, satisfying.
Being able to do without. Supplying the place of another.
A aghnm, (pl. of * ghanam) Sheep, flocks.
Aelighnn, (iv of J ghanna) Resounding with the hum
ming of flies (a valley); also being verdant and grassy (in which
the flies delight). Being filled (a bottle).
r &&T aghand, Stuffed, crammed.
p exe aghandan, To fill, to stuff, to cram.
r s f ghandah, Filled, stuffed. Thick. Cramming. Aghun
dah, A ball of cotton. A kind of spider.
A J aghna', Richer. More independent. Most useful.
A aghniy, (pl. of ghaniy) Rich. V, : The
rich and poor. rjy The rich men of the world.
A&E) ughniyat (or ighniyat), Music, melody, modulation,
a certain musical mode. A song.
A "*" ighw, (iv of -534) Seducing, leading astray, deceiving,
suggesting evil. Seduction, temptation.
P <2\;=7 ghawt, (Arabic pl. of L gh) Lords, chiefs.
AJ aghw ar, (pl. ofJ ghar) Caverns, dens. Sockets of
the eyes. Interior parts of the mouth. Armies. Laurels.
A !";3| aghwt, (pl. of ghyit) Low, flat, hollow ground,
especially where one may lie hid. Excrements.
A Jl aghwa, (pl. of J ghul) Kinds of demons or evil
spirits (called in the Arabian tales J;4 Ghills) supposed to haunt
woods and church-yards, and to devour human bodies, alive or
dead. Those who by the art of magic are imagined to have
power to change themselves into various shapes. Serpents, dra
gons. Whatever suddenly attacks and destroys men, or deprives
them of their senses from terror. Calamities, deaths.
A \;=\ aghs, Help! -
AJ34) aghwar, Any day on which plundering or flight happens.
P 5:T ghz, The beastings of a sheep.
T Ja aghustus, (from the Latin) The month of August.
P Jl ghsh, An embrace. The bosom. As much as the
arms can embrace or contain, an armful, truss, bundle of hay,
corn, grass, wood, &c. As much as a reaper takes in his hand.
A pitchfork-full. A servant, a slave. J Js (or JlJ->
c), To embrace, comprehend, contain.
 \\
p e- ghshtan (or e aghshidan), To embrace.
To macerate. To knead.
PJi ghl (or Jl aghul), A side-glance, an angry look.
A J aghical, Rushing upon anything violently, suddenly,
unexpectedly. (Any thing) on the brink of ruin.
A & 23) ughwiyat, Danger, difficulty, evil, misfortune.
A \ ighy, (1v of J) Raising (a standard). Remaining
stationary (a cloud).
A_\;=\ aghyr, (pl. of J ghayr) Others. Strangers, o
reigners, unknown (persons). Rivals. (pl. of righr) Expia
tions for murder. Ighyr, (iv of 23) Being envious or jealous
(husband or wife, but especially the wife, when the husband has
married another).
A Jighyl, (iv of Ja) Yeaning twice a year (a sheep).
A c ighyam, (1v of **) Being cloudy (the sky).
A 2-3 aghyad, Soft-necked. Of a mild and flexible temper.
Nodding when asleep. Waving (plant).
Ar aghyar, More or most zealous, or jealous.
P Jel aghiras, A walnut.
P J-ff aghis, Agnus castus.
P v aghis, A kind of grain.
P J ghishtan, To embrace. To be embraced. To
cut, mince, hash, macerate. To hang, to be suspended.
p e--f aghshidan, To fear, dread. To embrace. To cut.
p Jl ghil (or Jl aghl), A downcast look from bashful
ness. A squint, an oblique look, turning the corner of the eye,
looking askance. Beholding, seeing.
P Jl aghil, A sheep-cote.
A & J ughaylimat, (dim. of &al aghlimat) Little boys.
A c aghyan, Of a dark green colour, inclining to black.
r 57 i, The sun. The musk-deer.
r 3) u, Fie! for shame! e-- To detest, to say Fie!
A 3) aff, Paucity, scarcity. Iff, Pusillanimity. Time. Uff,
Nail-parings. Ear-wax. Dirt that gathers about the ears or
nails. The shoot of a tree or reed. Fie! pho! for shame!
r GT (fi, The master of a family, or his eldest son.
A $.3 ifa-at, (IV of '3) Returning. Being changed. Bring
ing or leading back. Putting (them) in possession of the riches
of the infidels (God).
A $3" aft, A flock of sheep.
A cu t, (pl. of &T fat) Misfortunes, losses, injuries.
A &ts) itat, (1v of ~33) Causing one to pass by, to fly, to
run, or to slip an opportunity.
A &-\}) ifajat, (Iv of) Making haste. Being cold (day).
Shedding perfume. Sending camels to water in troops.
A 4-U" ifhat, (1v of c) Diffusing (odour). Pouring forth
(blood). Gushing out (blood from a wound). Boiling (a pot).
A & G' ifkhat, (1v of &#) Diffusing fragrance (perfumes).
Making a hissing noise (as in making water). Breaking wind.
128 \\
A 33-3) ikhat, (1v of **) Prohibiting, averting. Being
feeble (the hand).
A afkhim, (pl. of * akham) Greatest.
A ce's" ifadat (or s ifdah), (iv of A-3) Giving or allow
ing profit, emolument, or advantage. Assisting, serving, benefit
ing, doing good. Reaping advantage. Teaching, instructing.
P e cr- 2 self) To teach and demonstrate. As e" The
explanation of words. J r. $33) To explain one's inten
tions. 9; sees sets", " He opened the door of instruction, he
began to teach.
A &ts" afdiyah, Heating medicines, as cloves, cinnamon, &c.
A 3,3' farat, (1v of J53) Causing to boil.
A g Ufarij, Name of a town.
A Jj afrik, (pl of 33; Jirkat) Armies. Sects. Assemblies.
A j" ifax (for j, wifax) Haste.
A $53) iat, (1v of 533) Making one safe or secure. Enabling
one to obtain his wish or purpose.
P ex-9) aasun, Oil of radish.
a 3-3 isat, (iv of Jaj not in use) Making clear, or evident.
An evident declaration or clear expression of anything. Escap
ing out of the hand, slipping through the fingers. Scattering
(urine). Standing apart (the fingers) when grasping anything.
A J.33 afzil, (pl. of Jis' asal) Learned, virtuous, excel
lent. Philosophers, doctors. r J49).9; ye Amongst the learned.
A 6.3%) izah, (1v of Lics) Diffusing, dilating, expanding.
Encreasing, augmenting. Publishing, propagating. Filling (a
vessel) till (it) overflows. Rushing with impetuosity (as the Mu
hammadan pilgrims do, down Mount &= &arafat). Throwing
up the food from the stomach (as the camel and other animals
do when chewing the cud). A single effort.
A 2'-3' afatir, (pl. of 93.3 utr) Fissures in the nose and
other parts of the face, of a youth.
A &G' ifsat, (iv of A-3) Killing, murdering, tearing the soul
from the body. Occasioning the death of another.
A Je afaei, (pl. of J afta') Serpents, vipers.
A & =9| Afghinat, (pl. of ex; Aghn) The Afghns.
a &#9" Uaghyah, Name of a mountain in Arabia.
A 3' i, Timidity, cowardice. Time, opportunity.
A J afak, (pl. of G uk) Horizons, quarters of the hea
vens, of the world, or universe. P <3; J Celebrated, famous.
A 3.33) ifkat (or 333) ifkah), (iv of J) Convalescence,
recovery (from a distemper, insanity, or ebriety). Returning
from scarcity to plenty (seasons). Fitting the notch of the arrow
to the bow-string when going to shoot. (A camel) collecting
milk in the udder between the times of milking. The resting
time between the milkings of cattle.
A J fkiy, Horizontal. Universal. A horizontal watch.
P 's afkiy, A kind of liquid flowing from minerals, or ex
pressed from acid substances.
 <-3)
A cl affik, Addicted to lying.
A Jl afkil (or Jl aakil), (pl. of JGlafkal) Tremors,
tremblings, consternations. Green magpyes. Crowds, troops.
U Alafkil, Name of a place in Diyr-bakar.
A Jl iil, (pl. of J-3" afil) Small camels.
A u if-am, (1v of r) Enlarging a (camel's) saddle. Being
fat about the withers (a camel).
Pals' afm (for cffin), Colour. (for awm) Debt.
AJG iffan (for J awn), Time, season, opportunity.
A 3.5G afniyat, A species of herb.
Aer afnin, (pl. of J ufnun) Reasons, ways, modes,
manners, forms, kinds, arts (of speaking). Branches. Serpents.
Old women, languid and full of years. Races between horses
and camels. The dawnings of youth. Misfortunes, calamities.
A g aawij, (pl. of z: funj) Troops, bodies, squadrons.
A J afarik, (pl. of.3 fikat) Milk collected in the udder
between two milkings. Rains fallen from the clouds at intervals.
A 4.3 afwh, (pl. of sfah) Aromatics.
A Cl afyik, (pl. of 33 afikat) Lies, falsehoods.
A J afyil, (pl. of J-3, afl) Yearling camels, or sheep.
P c apunitan, (in anc. Pers.) To cook. To ripen.
A -37 iut. A misfortune, calamity. Misery, wretchedness.
p22-3' Pustules breaking out on the lips, from terror, whilst
asleep; a kind of ring-worm. A *- A-37 A year of scarcity
arising from too much or too little rain, locusts, &c.
Ac-4' aft, Ashe-camel, very patient and tractable. A swift
she-camel, out-stripping the males. Ift, A fruitful she-camel.
A prodigy, portent, extraordinary calamity. Name of a tribe.
A uat, A poltroon, a coward.
Auti, (pl. of 23 fata') Young in years. Ift, (1v of 5-3)
Resolving a question of law, or a case of conscience.
r" ui (from eye'." utdan), Falling.
A *-'ifti-a, (iv of us) Voiding by stool. Desisting, ceasing,
abstaining from. Passing by.
P-3 aftb, The sun. A day. Wine. The soul. ..--57
--- The sun illuminating the world. 55- J f The
sun inflaming the world. 29 ,-3T (The yellow-faced sun)
Amelon, s-, -u. The pure sun (an epithet of Solomon).
* ~, - itb-parast, A worshipper of the sun. The
anemone, the sun-flower. The chameleon.
r&s - aftb-khanah, The sun's house (in an astrono
mical sense). A summer-house.
rje -37 aftb-du-dak, A kind of parasol made of reeds.
*}) -i tb-r, (A place) exposed to the sun.
:- -i aftb-suwr, An early riser.
** -ff tb-gh, A sunny place. A sun-shining day.
The equinox.
"J-ff aftb-gardish, The surface of the earth. The
chameleon.
; -e aftb-gardak, The chameleon. The anemone.
129 c-3)
P24-7 aftb-gir, A parasol.
P & L tbah, An ewer, a water-pot. A traveller's bottle.
P J aftb, A kind of parasol. An embossed shield.
A c ifth, (1v of **) Having the orifices of the dugs large
and open (a she-camel). Opening, subduing, conquering.
p ej uftdagn, (pl. of sets utdah) The fallen.
P J utdagi, Humility. Vileness, contemptibleness.
P Jeus' uftdan, To fall, happen. To submit. To perish.
p seas utiidah, Fallen. Weakened. A nightingale.
Ajl iftr, (1v of 23) Making one relaxed and languid (a
disease). Having weak eye-lids. Being dim-sighted.
pl aftfy, A kind of liquid flowing from minerals, or
expressed from acid substances.
A Jus' iftk, (1v of G-3) Enjoying an open clear sky, (the
clouds being divided and dispersed). Having fat cattle. Being,
or arriving in, a country destitute of rain, whilst the neighbour
ing districts are plentifully watered.
r Jliftl, Dispersed, scattered. Rent, torn.
Peus iftldan, To scatter, to spread, to disperse. To
tear. To destroy, to spoil. To cleave, to break.
Aelitn, (iv of c) Trying, proving, tempting. Excit
ing sedition. Being harrassed with misfortunes. Being reduced
to the greatest distress, both in mind and fortune.
P es uftn, Falling. Fallen. He who falls. A fall. J
ey--> uftn o khezan (or ey:- es uftn khezn), Sometimes
falling and sometimes rising. Limping. Creeping along softly.
P Jes uftanidan, To cause to fall, to throw down.
P 3,337 aftwah, (equivalent to &\:37 aftbah) An ewer.
rejl utyndan, To cause or let fall, to throw down.
A c iftitah, (v11.1 of) Opening. Endeavouring to open.
A beginning, a commencement. Conquest, reduction.
Ae iftitn, (v111 of e) Being tried (gold in the fire).
Being tempted, seduced. Being involved in rebellion.
A <-s iftihas, (v11.1 of <-s) Examination, inquiry.
Ajsts iftihar, (v11.1 of ,s}) Delivering an opinion or advice
which nobody follows.
A Jes iftihas, (v11.1 of Jas) Investigation, enquiry.
...A Js iftihl, (v11.1 of J) Choosing a camel-stallion.
A =3 iftiham, (v11.1 of **) Hindering, restraining.
A ** aftakh, Having soft and limber palms of the hand, soles'
of the feet, or joints of the fingers. Length and breadth of hands
or feet. Broad-footed (lion). Soft-winged (eagle). Weak or
-
dim-sighted. Soft-fingered. Swelling-breasted.
A als iftikhkh, (v11.1 of *
Jakhkha) Snoring.
Ajk iftikhar, (VIII of J) Glorying, boasting. Glory,
honour, grace. Elegance, gracefulness, ), 3-lkl
The most glorious of the most honoured and most noble (a mode
of address in writing to great men). P csts To glory (in
any thing), to boast of. -
S
 <-3)
r x3 aftad, Strange . A wonderful thing. Admiration. Aftid,
Praising. An encomiast.
A "&" itida, (v111 of 393) Being redeemed. Redeeming
one's self.
r x3 aftadist, Eulogy, encomium, panegyric.
Pe utadan, (for eyeus) utdan) To fall. To happen.
A y) iftira, (v11.1 of;) Putting on a robe of fur.
AV-3) itir, (v111 of s;) Calumny, falsehood, imposition,
unjust imputation. P J y To defame, invent lies, traduce.
A ey." iftird, (v11.1 of 9,3) Embassy, mission.
A y iftirr, (v111 of, farra) Showing the teeth in laugh
ing. Smiling sweetly. Flashing (as lightning).
Ay iftirz, (v111 of 3,3) Being separated, divided.
A L--; iflirs, (v111 of U-53) Tearing his prey (a lion).
Breaking (the neck). Dexterity. Horsemanship.
A C) iflirsh, (v111 of U5,3) Being spread on the ground.
Spreading (the arms) on the ground. Treading upon, tramp
ling. Following the steps of another. Seizing another's goods.
A Jeyas) iftirs, (v111 of J2,3) Embracing an opportunity.
A Jz iftirz, (v111 of U3,3) Enjoining, prescribing.
Aky." iftirt, (v11.1 of *A) Losing (a son) under age. Ac
cusing falsely. Dying.
A V-3 iftir, (v111 of & A) Deflowering a virgin.
A. #y: iftirgh, (v111 of & 2) Pouring water (for one's self).
A Jy) itirak, (v111 of J;) Removal, absence, separation,
Fear. Jy ,-J. In a state of separation.
division.
PJS);3| iftira-kar, Aslanderer.
P iftir-kr, The habit of lying, slander.
A. iftiram, (VIII of **) Panniculum sibi subdens mulier
excipiendis menstruis.
A 2-a-3" iftisid, (v111 of 2.23) Opening a vein, bleeding.
A U-Vaas) iftisas, (v111 of va; fassa) Separating, dividing.
A &a=\ iftistie, (viii of as) Drawing back the skin of the
prepuce. Exacting payment from a debtor.
A Ja-3) iftisal, (v111 of J.a.) Weaning. Transplanting (a
tree). Cutting off. Disjunction, separation. Dissection.
A cki- iftizh, (v11.1 of 2-3) Disgrace, dishonour, ignominy.
A 24-3 iftizkh, (VIII of **) Cleaving (the skull).
A Ji) iftisiis, (viii of U-3 fuzza) Being poured out
(water). Scattering (water) about (as when making ablutions).
Putting off mourning (a widow).
A 90+4' iftizz, (v111 of 33 fuzza) Drinking (water) from the
stomach of a camel.
A J iftital, (v11.1 of J-3) Holding forth.
r f taiya, The plantain-tree. -
A c" iftikd, (v111 of A) Being missing. Seeking in vain.
Investigation, search, enquiry.
A y ilikr, (v111 of,53) Becoming poor. Humbling one's
self. Poverty, humility. Jl & ris JV-3 bilisan-i tazarrue
wa iftikr, With the tongue of supplication and humility.
130
*
A t iftikk, (v111 of << fakka) Liberating. Setting
free (a captive). Redeeming (a pledge). Separation.
A J ilikl, (v11.1 of J3) Adverting, turning the mind to.
A Ja" aftal, (A man) with wide-set knees or hands.
A $.3) itil, (v111 of 33) Weaning. Bringing up.
A cl" iftilt, (v111 of c-3) Speaking without premedita
tion, extempore. Dying suddenly.
A $.3 iftilz, (v111 of 33) Taking part (of any thing).
A Plitilt, (v111 of als) Being taken by surprize.
A J iftilak, (v11.1 of c, Performing a wonderful feat.
Gex aftimun, ('Eriuoy) Dodder of thyme.
rej) utan, (contraction of Jeus' uftdan) To fall.
A e- iftinn, (v111 of cfanna) Bringing different kinds
of things. Losing one's senses from love, grief, or fear. Amo
rous affection. Variety.
P &#7 aftah, Understood, comprehended.
A iftiham, (v111 of **) Understanding, perceiving.
A -->3' ifti-t, (v111 of 3) Saying or feigning any thing
false. Being singular in one's opinion. Dying suddenly.
A cl" iftiyt, (v111 of c) Flying from, eluding the pur
suit of justice. Innovating. Exercising authority. Audacity.
A c-3) iti-d, (v111 of ets) Lighting a fire. Roasting.
A J iftiyk, (v111 of J33) Becoming poor. Indigence.
A JU-3) iti-l, (v111 of J) A happy omen being conceived
from a name. Divining, prognosticating.
P e uftidan (for eleas) uffadan), To fall. To happen.
A s is-a, (1v of *3) Being weary, tired, fatigued, lan
guid; stopping from fatigue, breathing short (after running).
Preparing (for a sick person) certain stones, warmed, and sprin
kled with water, that he may recline upon them, to procure a sweat.
A z isilj, (1v of z) Leaving. Being wearied.
A c asah, (pl. of asih) Paunches or bellies.
A. g" afajj, (A man) wide between the feet, straddling.
A Us?" affa, (A bow) whose string is distant from the handle.
(Cattle) straddling between the thighs, knees, or legs (from fat
ness). Iffa, (1v of **) Being at a great family-expense.
A z ijaj, (IV of a faija) Striding, straddling, spreading,
laying asunder. Travelling between two mountains. Hastening,
making haste, walking fast. Throwing out dung (as the ostrich).
Ploughing the ground well, tearing it up.
A_\s ijar, (1v of, s) Arriving at break of day.
AJ-\s" ijas, (1v of v-s) Boasting falsely.
Aes" iffan, (Iv ofess) Eating frequently of rue.
A 5, s affirat, Battles fought between the Arabian tribes,
called Lj Kuraysh and U-3 Kays, (so called from A*jr
-
wickedness, because they were fought during the sacred months,
when, by the old Arabian law, fighting was prohibited).
A ** aff, A valley, channel, or hollow. Wide and spa
cious. Narrow and confined.
 _3)
P & ufchah or afehah, A scare-crow, a malkin.
Als afh, (pl. of Lfah) Onions, or any other kinds of
herbs or seasonings, put amongst victuals whilst cooking.
a cs" ahs, (pl. of ~sfahis) Paunches, bellies.
Az's" ifhj, (1v of *) Departing from any design, re
tracting any proposal. Making (cattle) straddle for conveniency
of milking them.
Al-ls"ihish, (iv of U-s) Speaking filthily, obscenely.
A Js" ifhl, (1v of Js) Lending a stallion camel, or horse,
to a neighbour's she-camels or mares.
A * ifham, (1v of **)
Silencing (in an argument).
(Grief) rendering (one) unable to repeat a verse. Discovering
one to be ignorant of, insensible to, poetry.
A Je." afhul, (pl. of Js fahl) The males of animals, stallions.
A Jes ufhus, The nest of a particular bird, called Kat.
A afkhaz, (pl. of &#fukh) Thighs.
Als ifkhar, (1 v of, s) Preferring, promoting.
A ifkham, (1v of as 3) Honouring, magnifying.
A ** afkham, Greater, greatest.
r l ad, A nephew by the brother or sister.
*A* aftla, (fut. * ya-fadu) He made haste.
rl al, Strange! Anything wonderful. Admiration. Praise.
A 23 afad, Dispatch. Aftd, Making haste. Approaching.
A'A' il, (iv of six}) Exacting a ransom from a captive.
Gathering (dates) and selling (them).
Av's ids, (iv of J.A.) Having spiders in one's cup.
A ifdam, (1v of **) Stopping up (the mouth of a bottle).
Straining (water). Dyeing (a garment) red.
r_* aftlar (or 92.3" aftlarah), A nephew. An uncle.
* -a afilast or iflist, Admiration, praise. Launching
out into the commendation of another, giving a detail of his
virtues. Clear, bright. Breeches, drawers.
A. ** aflat, (A man) having the wrist or ankle distorted.
*** uilah, Worthy of admiration.
Pe affidan, To wonder, to admire.
A & afazz, Unfledged, unplumaged (bird).
A "&" asz, (pl. of 33 fazz) Only, alone, singular. Scattered
(dates). Iaz, (1v of 33 fazza) Bringing forth a single (lamb).
Aft far, Laughing, rejoicing. Growing fat.
*Aft afara, (fut;', ya-iru) He over-stepped.
*AA afira, (fut, ga-faru) He made clear.
r; afr, Bravo! Name of a place in Persia.
AA'afar or aff, (fromA!) Passing, running, leaping. As
sailing, attacking. Making an effort. Boiling vehemently. Sul
try. Nimble, agile, swift. Becoming fat after colting (a she
anel). Brisk, active in waiting upon, attending, or serving.
AA Aurr, Name of a town in Babylonia.
*; afra, (or afray) Creating. Bravo! Well done !
A} ifra, (1v of ) Cutting or slashing (a skin, and thereby
131 _3)
destroying it). Cutting or paring (a skin) in order to dress it.
Ordering (a skin to be dressed). Tearing (as a wolf the lamb).
Opening (a vein). Blaming, reprehending.
As); afra-a, (pl. of fara-a) Wild asses.
A<>} ifrs, (iv of ~3) Piercing the stomach, or liver,
and letting out the contents. Accusing (ones associates). Ex
plaining (any matter) to the chiefs of the people.
A zy ifraj, (1v of g) Discovering (a murder). Pointing
out (the way).
A c; afrh, (pl. of c farah) Delights, joys. Irh, (iv of
C.93) Cheering, gladdening. Crushing, oppressing (debt).
A zy afrkh, (pl. of A farkh) Young (birds or beasts).
Buds, sprouts, young herbs or grasses. Wile, abject (men).
The fore-parts of the brain. Ifrakh, (1v of &A) Bringing
forth or hatching (beasts, birds). Putting forth shoots, or leaves
(plants). Being pusillanimous, timid, cowardly, chicken-hearted
(man). Dying with fear. Being hatched. Appearing clear
and distinct, after having been ambiguous and doubtful.
P J-A afrkhtag, Elevation, exaltation.
P Jy" afrkhtan, To exalt, extol, extend. To celebrate,
promote, or advance one's self. To be exalted, promoted, pre
ferred. To spread, to strew. To fall, to overturn, to cause to
tumble. To collect, to assemble.
P * <!," afrkhtah-pay, The sole of the foot. Any thing
fallen or trodden under foot. A carpet. Poor. A fugitive.
A e; afrd, (pl. of 9, fard) Individuals, singular numbers,
single ones. (Stars) remarkably conspicuous and bright when
rising in the horizon. Leaves of books, strips of paper, &c.
Estimates, Ird, (1v of 9,3) Being singular, solitary, alone.
Bearing one child. Withdrawing from society, sequestering
one's self. Sending an ambassador or special messenger.
Ay) ifrr, (1v of, farra) Putting to flight. Cleaving (with
a sword the head of another). Changing the first or milk-teeth
for others (a horse or camel).
rj);afrz, Exalted, elevated, extended, erect, high. As
cent. Summit, height, top (of a mountain). Refractory, con
tumacious. A pulpit. Protuberance, projection. Membrum
virile. Above, upon, against, before. Near, beneath. An
assembly. A collection. An entrance. Within, inwardly.
Progress. Henceforth, afterwards. Ample, wide. A curtain.
A shoe, a slipper. Blood. Anything light, slight or smooth.
A particle of commendation and approbation; also of redundan
cy. Jv- 3,3 A protuberance behind the ear. jr
sar-afrz, Exalting the head. 3,3) gardan-afrz, Stretch
ing out the neck.
Aj}) ifrz, (1v of j}) Separating, distinguishing. Withdraw
ing, sequestering. Distributing. Granting, allowing, admit
ting, conceding. Exposing itself to the hunter (game).
Puj; afrznidan, To cause to exalt, extol, extend.
S 2
 _3)
P e afrz-dan (e)2)2 , or c"), Any vessel where
pot-herbs, &c. are dressed. A box for spiceries, a pepper-box.
P t afrz-rukh, The most prominent part of the cheek.
Having large cheeks.
P s}\;7 afrazah, A flame.
P afrazi, Elevation, extension, exaltation.
Pej afrzdan, To exalt. (See c-, ".) To adorn.
L-A) afrs, A tent. The walls of a tent.
P
J-9) afrs, (pl. of U-j faras) Horses. P " J-A
A
Sea-horses. Bubbles. A Ifras,(iv of U2,3) Having a (sheep) car
ried off by the wolf (especially through the inattention of the
shepherd). (A timid man) leaving his ass or other beast in the
jaws of the lion, and saving himself by flight.
r --'A' Afrasiyab, (Conqueror of Persia), the name of an
ancient king, much celebrated in Persian poetry, the sovereign
of Trn, and a Scythian or Turk by birth. He invaded Per
sia, killed king Nuzar with his own hand, and reigned there near
twelve years, about seven centuries before the Christian era;
but was afterwards driven beyond the Oxus by a famous chief,
called Zlzar, (or Golden-hair). Afrsiyab, however, again
over-ran Persia, but was at last defeated, and slain in Azarbjn
(Media) by Zlzar, and his son the celebrated Rustam, com
monly called the Persian Hercules. Afrsiyb, however, ap
pears to have been rather a family surname, like the Pharoahs,
the Ptolemies, or the Caesars, than the name of one particular
prince; for Rustam being one of the generals of the great Cyrus,
the defeat of this last Afrsiyb must have happened above 150
years after the conquest of Persia by the first of that name.
A Ly; afrsh, (pl. of U.); firsh), Beds, couches, anything
spread for reclining upon; and (metaphorically) women, wives.
Irsh, (iv of Uji) Spreading carpets and the like, making
beds, laying anything under a person. Paving or strewing with
stones. Locking, shutting with a lock, bolt, or bar. Traducing
or reviling another whilst absent.
P J afrshndan, To cause to exalt.
P J afrshtag, Exaltation.
P J*A) afrashtan, To exalt, to extol. To be exalted, pro
moted. To spread, to strew. To cause to fall. To collect.
P <\; afrashtah, Exalted, extended, erect.
P& <\; afrashtah-kad, Tall, of high stature.
A Jej" ifrs, (1v of U2,3) Assisting, favouring (opportunity).
A JA ifrz, (1v of J,3) Ordaining, appointing, prescrib
ing, ordering anything to be observed (in point of religion, law,
&c.). Enacting, or appointing a fixed time to perform, or to
pay, anything. Establishing any definite mode of dividing es
tates amongst different heirs. Being subject to decimation or
tythes (as cattle, corn, &c.). Discharging an obligation.
A p, afrt, (pl. of 9,3 fart) Small hills. Sign-posts (pl. of
furut) High hills. The crepuscles, or first dawnings of light.
Irt (1v ofb;) Accelerating, hastening. Making haste to bring
132 _3)
(any thing). Precipitating, falling quick, raining hard. Moving
with rapidity, clapping suddenly (your hand to your sword, in
order to draw it). Losing (children) at an early age. Abandon
ing. Forgetting. Filling or cramming (a bag). Making a vessel
to overflow. Overloading. Exceeding bounds in anything. Ex
cess, superfluity. -- .ky;" (or Pey- AA) Plethora.
A &A) ifr, (1v of & A) Being at the summit, getting to the
top, excelling (in beauty, birth, &c.). Ascending or climbing (a
mountain); also descending (a hill). Going upon a declivity.
Repairing to, and residing with, any one. Going round (any
place) in order to survey or reconnoitre (it). Going before (a ca
ravan) to provide provender and water. Beginning (anything),
making the exordium (of a speech). Doing whatever is neces
sary with the utmost care. Sacrificing (the firstlings of camels,
sheep, &c.). (Camels) being delivered of their first colts. Being
possessed of such camels. Hurting (a horse) in the mouth (by
the bit of the bridle).
A {} ifragh, (1v of {A) Emptying, pouring out. Sprink
ling. Scattering. P J _{y} To cast in a mould.
A J} afrk, (pl. of J, farak) Divisions, separations, diffe
rences. Dispersions, scatterings. Dawns, mornings. Distances,
intervals (as between teeth; the divisions of the hoofs of camels,
oxen, &c.; the manes of horses; the combs of cocks; beards, or
locks of hair, &c.). (Horses) having one hip higher than ano
ther. (Plants) growing in scattered clumps. Measures of 16 lbs.
(pl. of 33,firkat) Troops, squadrons, crowds, bodies of men.
J}) Al afrk, The name of a grove of palm-trees in Madina.
Irk, (1v of UAE) Recovering from an indisposition (particularly
the small-pox, or such diseases as people are in general only
subject to once in their lives).
A c" ifrk, (1v of -3.3) Being ripe or ready for rubbing
(an ear of corn).
A ^\; ifram, (1v of ^j}) Filling (a vessel).
A e); afran (or ey" ey's ashrn afrn), Merry, cheerful.
P s"; afrh, Victuals distributed amongst prisoners in jail.
A sys ifrh, (1v of 3,3) Bringing forth a lively colt (a camel).
P afray, Creating.
ge," afarbiyun, (Eupplow) Gum of the euphorbium.
A 5,3) uurat and ufurrat, A crowd, troop, confused assem
blage. Adversity, sorrow. The first part of the summer.
P & qfartak, Young. Full of juice.
A g fraj, Having the (fore-teeth) distant. Dissitos habens
clunes ut conspicua sint pudenda. (Vir) qui per negligentiam
nudis pudendis est.
A t? afrukh (or &;" afrikhat), (pl. of ** farkh) The
young of birds, or other animals; also young grasses or her
bage. The anterior parts of the brain. Wile, abject (men).
P u- afardasta, The point of a spear. A summit, a peak.
P --~A) ifrasb, A beam, a roof-beam.
A J afraz, Well instructed in the precepts of the Kur'an.
 _3)
Abjafrut, (pl. of b,; fart) Small hills, the summits or pro
tuberances on mountains. Sign-posts.
At A afrat, (A man) having a fine head of hair.
A & afrighat, (pl. of #!; firgh) Wacations, leisures, or re
tirements from labour. Large water-vessels made of leather.
(Camels) having capacious udders. Wessels for holding new
wine (after being boiled down to a third part). Broad heads ofrj," afroz, Burning. Polishing. j," eu-j bstn-afrz,
javelins. Bows which shoot a great way and give deep wounds.Dazzling the garden (the anemone). j," C- talam-afrs (or
A J} afrak, (A man, horse, or cock) having a JA jarak j," e-jahn-ars), Inflaming the world. j," J.' gti
q. v. J.; Al afrak, A white cock. (A ram) having his tes afros, Firing the universe. j," U-s majlis-afr, Illumi
ticles wide asunder. (A horse) with one testicle. A ridgel. nating, or enlivening the banquet. j," , matrakah-afroz,
AG; afrik, (pl. of 33, firkat) Troops, crowds, bodies. Animating the battle.
A z ifrimbaj, (111 of &A, Q not in use) Drying a sheep
skin before the fire.
A g Afranj, The Franks, French, the crusaders of all na
tions, the Christians in Palestine, and other places in the East,
and in general all Europeans. g Al-A-The iron of Europe,
i.e. steel. r_lo t *A The desolation-causing Franks.
***** afranjamushk, Tamarisk-berries; a species of
sweet basil; the musk of Europe (so called by Asiatics on ac
count of their excellent flavour).
A <;" afranjah, A bugbear, with which the Muhammadans
used to frighten and quiet their children, by crying out Afranjah,
the Franks. A collyrium, salve, or medicine for the eyes. Name
of a city founded by Nshirwn.
*J Afranjiy, A Frank.
A *} Afranjiyah, Europe, so called by the Arabians from
the Franks or French; a name which they gave indiscriminately
to all the nations of Christendom engaged in the crusades.
Since however the Arabians have had a more perfect know
ledge of Europe, they have distinguished some of the nations by
different names;. As Ingitr, the English; Afransawi, the
French: Namsah, the Germans; Rus, the Russians; Andalus,
the Spaniards; Talin, the Italians; and Lah, the Polanders.
The Turks (it may be also observed) they call &A) Afrang,
and the Persians, Moguls, and Tartars J!, Arangi.
r afrand, Splendour. Beauty. Dignity, state. Ifrind,
A sword. The lustre of a polished sword, &c.
"JAA; afrandidan, To decorate, embellish, adorn.
**-'ifrinsikh, (iii of *; a Dispelling (grief). Keep
ing out (the cold). Removing (sickness).
A t iinkie, (iii of t 0) Smacking with the fingers.
re arang, Adorned, ornamented, decorated, elegant.
Suitable, proper, agreeable. Beautiful, lovely, fair. Humane,
" * noble mind and excellent disposition. Elegance, dignity,
"e, Magnificence, grandeur, power, magnitude. Noble
* Worth. A throne. A crown. Provisions, necessaries. The
* , Moonlight. A European. A Turk.
A fringn, A chapter of the Zand avast.
133 _3)
P J afrkhtagi, Combustion, conflagration.
P Jse," afrkhtan, To inflame, set on fire, to burn. To il
luminate. To kindle. To shine (as a smooth surface). To
polish. To uncover the head, take off the hat, turban, &c.
P <!," afrkhtah, Inflamed, lighted. Polished, furbished.
4-s -j- A lighted lamp. A dependant. -
P \},\! afrz, Burning. Polishing.
rej j," afrzndan, To cause to burn, to kindle.
P Jj," afrozandan, To be burnt, to be consumed.
P ** 59,3 afrozandah, A polisher. One who sets on fire.
P *j," afrosah, The wick of a lamp.
Pej afroxidan, To kindle. To polish. To shine.
P *2,3] afrshah, A kind of dish made of butter, honey, and
flour. Bruised wheat or barley, and victuals dressed with it.
P $2A afrgh, The rays of the sun. The beams of the moon.
The light of a candle.
A 3,3 uurah, Intense heat.
p *** airhanj, Flax-seed.
P s; afri or afari, Creating. Well done!
A ~} afriyat, A dreadful imaginary monster, figured to
be in the shape of a Lamia or Medusa, the most fierce and cruel
of all the demons or genii who fought of old with the fabled he
roes of the East. Solomon, they say, conquered one, which he
brought under perfect subjection to his commands.
rj afrd-gr (or f afrdah-gr), The Creator.
P J afridagn, Creatures, created beings.
P e fridan, To create. Creating. Creation.
P e Afridan, See ex, Faridn.
P s afridah, Created.
A}}}' afrz, The coping of a wall. The projection of a gate.
An eye-brow. A frieze.
A JA Afriky, An African. &#3) Afrikyah, Africa.
-
P J'A' fifrin, Creating. A created thing. Praise, glory,
applause, encomium, benediction, blessing. Blessed. Well
done ! bravo! Name of the first of the five intercalary days of
the Persian year. In composition, the Creator: as cA J
jn-frin, Creating the soul. cl J-jahn-frin, (or Ju:
s tlain-afrin), The Creator of the world. e eft
frin kardan, To praise. To bless. To describe. To create.
P \ afrina, (s or ***"), The Creator.
r &'s-e frin-khnah, An oratory.
Jji frinish, The creation. L 23,33. The God
P
of the creation.
 j})
P e frinagn, Feasts held in honour of the memory of
departed friends.
P &;" afrih, Becoming fat after having been very lean.
A3+ as, (for ji, wa.) An assault, an attack.
I.3) qfza, Increasing, multiplying. Yawning. A mover,
causer, mostly used in forming compounds: as j-3 G-s bah
jat-a-, Promoting cheerfulness. y \ c 2.) ruh-afa, Refresh
ing, raising the spirit.
p Ay- aftar, A trade. An artificer's tool. Any herbs, or
seasonings with which victuals are dressed. The sail of a ship.
p\, \;=\ afzr-pa, A shoe, a slipper.
Ajj-" ass, (pl. of 33 fasz) Light men. Wild calves. If:az,
(1v of 5-3 fazza) Removing, thrusting, tearing, or banishing,
from a place. Tripping up. Frightening, terrifying.
A 85- azt, (pl. of 853 fast) Terrors. Aids. Isie, (iv
of {j-) Frightening, terrifying, confounding, distracting.
ing, succouring. Dispelling fear. Awakening one from sleep.
rej; " aznidan, To multiply, to increase. To grow.
; 3) asaya, Adding.
p
re- afzynzdan, To cause to increase.
e- azayidan (or Jj afsay7dan), To add. To ex
p A fiction, tale, fable, romance, parable. ex-"> &\-3 Fictions
alt. To be exalted, to be high. To fall. .--~~}_ e
-s}~ To offer higher for any thing, to raise the price.
U-j-" azayish, Abundance, increase, increment, addition,
P P
augmentation. J Ly- To increase. To grow (as a boy).
Je; Jy- To augment. To be augmented.
AJ3 afzar, (A man) having a protuberant back or breast.
P & azank, Greatness, height.
rej a:ud, Increase, addition, abundance. More.
P Jj afzudan, To add, to increase. To be increased, to J- 2-3) The crown of the head. e, x_3) To be crowned.
multiply, to abound, overflow, remain over.
P *- azudah, Increased.
ex} afzun, More, greater. More ample, spacious, select.
P P
Manifold. e J253) To superabound, to be redundant. To
prevail, excel. ex~ ej To remain over and above. 52)
ej rz-afzn, Increasing daily. See Jj afzudan.
*A*-j-" afzun-tar, More, greater, more excellent.
azuni, Encrease, abundance, excess, superfluity.
P
e.9% To ask more than enough, to exceed bounds, to be
unreasonable. J j The fermentation or raising of bread.
J;3 ajardan, (for e-A- afshardan) To throw away,
P
cast down. To grasp, tie, or hold fast. To press, squeeze.
P e.9233 afjrdan, See e afjardan.
p J}} a jul, Incitement, impulse. Scattered, dissipated.
P e;3) afjlnidan, To cause to drink and quench thirst.
p s afjalandah, Exciting. Removing, expelling.
p Jb;4 a julidan, To fill, to satisfy, to satiate, to quench.
To be filled. To instigate, to rouse, to stir up. To render
bold. To fill with desire. To make covetous. To remove. To
raise dust in a valley or any low-lying ground. To pluck up.
134 C-3)
P Jj ajidan, To throw away.
r 3) as, Fascinating. A wizard, an enchanter.
A*- a sa-a, Hollow-backed, or protuberant-breasted. In
kneed. One whose backside, loins, or thighs, give (him) pain in
walking; or one who, sitting down, finds a difficulty in rising.
a c-" ish, (iv of 2-) Being large, spacious (place).
A t- ifsakh, (1v of a-) Forgetting (the Kur'an).
A Q-3 isd, (1v of A-3) Corrupting, vitiating, destroying,
adulterating. Spoiling, laying waste.
r_j\-3 afs ar, Fascinating. A halter. ** 2-) A crupper.
P eye93) asardan, To press, squeeze, strain, constrain. To
speak idly, obscenely, profanely, like a blackguard.
A J-3) asal, (pl. of J-3 fasl) Slothful, mean (men). Shoots
of vines. Isal, (1v of J-3) Cutting slips off (a palm-tree) to
plant.
Adulterating (coin). Concealing the defects of goods.
Assist re- afsan, Fascinating. A fable, story, an event, acci
dent. e- .<- A whet-stone. A bracelet. The heart.
Puyu". 3) asnnidan, To cause one to tell, relate, repeat.
a U-j-3 isnus, (Q'asa) The ocean.
r &\37 asnah, (or &\3 asnah) A charm, incantation.
and deceitful tales. e=< *- To speak parables, tell stories.
r;'<!- afsanah-go, A romancer.
e-'- asndan, To speak parables, tell stories. To ex
tend, grow. To make straight. To tame, to render obedient.
r is 3' asay, Incantation. An enchanter.
Pe-" asyndan, To cause one to tell stories.
A 23 asad, More or most corrupt, mischievous.
r_j asar, A crown, a diadem. *= 2 J-3) The sun.
Afsar (for A-3) asar), A bridle, a halter, a cavezan.
P W_- asar-r, (Gracing the diadem) Title of a princess.
c- asurnidan, To cause to freeze or grow languid.
P J9-3 asurdagi, Congelation. Dejection, melancholy.
P J- asurdan, To freeze, conceal. To grow faint, fee
ble, or qualmish, to flag, to wither.
r se, 3 asurdah, Congealed. Melancholy, dejected.
r_*- se- asurdah-khtir, Dispirited.
* J- se- asurdah-dil, Faint-hearted, low-spirited.
P<!-- afsarsigz7, A kind of musical instrument. Melody.
r- asargar, A swallow, a martinet; a bird of paradise.
A c-3) asak, More or most wicked, rascally, villainous.
a c-3' asantin, (Allov) Wormwood.
p :-3) asi, A fork, pitchfork. (In anc. Pers.) Come then.
P_33 usur, Shame, bashfulness. A kind of wild beast.
r L-2-3" ass, Irritation, vexation, sorrow, concern. Pr"
Ridicule, derision. All! alas! e-'- J- To ridicule, ban
ter, play upon, mock, deride, despise, affront. To complain."
groan. To lament. To play, divert one's self.
G U-5-3) Asus, (Epiro;) Ephesus.
 J-3)
"J- asigil, According to the idiom of the ancient Persian.
Pe-lasin, An incantation, fascination, verses used in spells.
i. .
Medicines. J-3 To utter spells or incantations.
*
r; J- afsun-pijah, An inchanter, a fascinator.
g r-3' asun-kan (or,4,-) A conjurer, a wizard.
A \l ish, (iv of 3:3) Divulging, revealing, disclosing.
Having one's fortune increasing (in cattle, money, &c.).
:
P J afshadan (or Jj afshrdan), To strain, squeeze,
press. To speak obscenely, profanely, boorishly.
*
rj afshr, Speaking idly or obscenely. Fixing, inserting.
, I
Pressing. A weaver's treadle, that which he moves with his
feet. An assistant, associate, companion. A tribe of Turkomans.
p Jj afshrdan, To speak idly or obscenely. To press.
135
clear (urine). Being exempt or free (from taxes, &c.). Cele
brating the passover, keeping Easter.
A "*-\a; ishan, Clearly, distinctly.
A clas isd, (1v of 3-a) (Trees) having leaves bursting
(from the buds).
A Jaka; iss, (1v of La fassa) Producing, drawing out.
A isam, (1v of .a3) Ceasing, going off (rain, or fever).
A * afsah (or *), More or most eloquent.
A sas asae, Qui, reducto praeputio, nudam habet glandem.
A rail asam, Broken (bracelet).
A J- Afs 7 y, Name of a celebrated character.
A Gl isa, (1v of 3-33) Going out, abroad, into the fields.
Opening one's mind, communicating a secret. Making broad,

rl afshrdah, Pressed, squeezed. wide, large. Laying the palm of the hand upon the ground (in

, r
* @ ashri, A firm step. prayer). Going in unto (a wife). -

ir.
Av ishsh, (iv of U-3 fashsha) Belching. A c if:ah, (1v of)
Dawning, breaking forth (the morn
A {\ ifshgh, (1v of t-3) Striking (with a whip).

ing). Uncovering. Bearing, red, purple, or yellow dates (a

re afshn, (in composition) Dispersing, scattering, dif palm-tree). Treating with ignominy.
fusing. A disperser. Js' t tag-afshn, Brandishing a al A t izakh, (1v of **)
Beginning to be ripe or ready for
kt chion. J J khn-ashn, Shedding blood. J Jo pressing (as grapes).
s durr-afshn (or J P- jawhar-afshan), Scattering gems.
A Jis" aftl, (pl. of J-3 fazl) Virtues, sciences. Favours,
J Je ghubar-afshn, Raising dust. Making water. W.; benefits. Redundancies, surpluses. Izl, (1v of J_i;) Causing
Jkab-afshn, Emittens excrementum crassum. ej Js excess, making a surplus, leaving a residue or remainder. Con
gul-afshn, Strewing roses or flowers. &\s Jj zar-afshn ferring (or deserving) a favour, benefit, or grace. Surpassing,
kghiz, Paper sprinkled or spotted with gold-leaf. excelling (in quality), exceeding (in quantity).
re afshnnidan, To cause to scatter. - A * afzah, Ofa whitish colour. A prattler, a great talker.
rew ashndan, To disperse, scatter, diffuse, sprinkle. 2*. The lion. The camel (from his whitish colour).
r &\-3) afshandah, Dispersed, scattered, shed.
A Jis) azal, More or most excellent, virtuous, distinguished,
*J afshanidan, To cause to shed. J-3 <!--->
eminent, learned, noble. ex~~) J) a alu'l mursalin, The
To applaud or clap with the hands. most distinguished of apostles (an epithet of Muhammad).
p w- afshurdan, To press, squeeze, strain, compress, ex

A ----is' qfzaliyat, Pre-excellence, pre-eminence.
Press (juice of fruit). To erect. To make firm and solid. A "las' afta-a, Flat-nosed.
* J ashurish, Compression. A Mas' iftar, (Iv of Aa;) Breaking a fast; particularly in the
!'. * *} 9-3 afshur-gar, An oil or wine-press. An oil-presser.
p S afshurah, Juice expressed from pomegranates, quinces,
evening, after having fasted all day; as the Muhammadans do
during the month of Ramazn. Doing anything unseasonably.
and other fruits, or plants. A SA-3) afshurah-gar, An oil-maker. A iftam, (1v of **) Being ready for weaning (a colt).
*** afshagh, Having the fore-teeth distant or projecting. A * aftah, Broad-headed. * A bull. The chameleon.
* afshak (or << afshang) Dew.
M
r & 3) Afshanah, Name of a village near Bukhr. A ...s Aftahiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
** h, (in anc. Pers.) Come. r_a\ aftar, Lame.
*ex- qshn, A kind of winnowing-machine. A vlas' aftas, Flat-nosed.
* ashah, Barley or wheat coarsely ground. A y) utur, A fissure in the nose or face of a youth.
"J- Afshin, Name of a person celebrated for liberality. A ifzait, (1v of t) Finding troublesome, or shameful
A\sisi, (iv of Ja) Being freed from, or escaping (evil). (business). Being entangled in any thing of that nature.
"easing (rain). Retiring (as winter, summer, &c.). A t-a) azak, More or most shameful.
A t isah, (1v of c) Explaining clearly, relating dis A J aftl, (pl. of Ja fiel) Actions. Verbs.
tinctly. Being evident, conspicuous. Dawning (the morning). A c iam, Filling a vessel or house (with perfumes). Dif.
(Asheep, &c.) giving what they call beastings, after the poor or fusing themselves all about (perfumes). Enraging.
"her milk is exhausted. Being free from froth (milk). Being A J as (or *) asaw), A large venomous serpent, a vi.
 & 136
per. Name of a place. P 9);J afta-i zard-fam, A pen.
A flame. J J afta-i kirbn, A bow. Sagittarius. J
A-, \,, s ata-2 'kah-rub paykar (or Q-ac Jr J asa
7 marjn-easab), A flame. -
A if itm, (x11 of **) Being filled to the brim.
A t igh, (1v of5*3) Shooting forth mossy flowers (the cy
press). Being rotten (a palm-tree). Eating dates called W3
fagha. Becoming poor from being rich. Becoming intractable
from being obedient. Inflaming with rage.
A j ighr, (1v of A3) Opening the mouth. Rising or being or by a galled back from overloading. A kind of rose with
in the meridian (the constellation Pleiades). small leaves. A wild plum. ex-J To be fatigued. J
pej" afghn, Lamentation, groaning. Alas! Name of a
race long inhabiting the mountains between Kandahr and j 2 diki afgar pur-i akr, A fatigued mind full of cares.
the river Indus : formerly conquerors and sovereigns of Hin
dustn, till reduced by the Moghul family of Timr or Tamer
lane. They are still very numerous, and consist of many tribes,
who claim their common descent from Israel. The sultn of
Kandahr is an Afghn of the tribe of Abdl; and there are
still some powerful Afghn chiefs in Hindustn, particularly in
the Dak'han, who pay a nominal obedience only to the Nizm.
They say, they are the descendants of the Jews of the Babylonish
captivity. They are also called Patans and Rohillas, and are es
teemed good soldiers. e J To lament, to complain.
A -" aa, A little, a small matter.
A J Wik, Very generous (man). Extremely swift (horse).
# A c" aftka, (fu. G ya-fiku) He dressed (leather).
A c" afk (from G'), Dressing (leather) by tanning or thick
ening it. Excelling in liberality.
A Gluk or uuk, The horizon. A tract or region of the earth.
The world. Afak (from c"), Excelling (especially in liberality
as a man, or in good blood as a horse). Travelling over the
world. (pl. of G" afik) Leathers not quite tanned, or, when
tanned, unsewed or unused.
A c" ifkd, (1v of xi) Ordering matters so that another
shall complain, or ask, in vain. Destroying.
Aj ikr, (iv of ;) Making poor. Turning the side or
back towards the hunter (game). Lending (a camel for riding).
A sli' ifkh, (1v of 33) Giving to understand, letting know.
A &ikat, (pl. of G-3 afik) Leather not quite tanned; or,
when tanned, unsewed or unused.
Aj' afkar, Poorer, poorest.
A afkam, Having the teeth of the under jaw projecting be
yond those of the upper, under-hung. An intricate business.
A L uukiy or afakiy, One who has travelled much.
A & 3) ak (from c. 3), Inverting. Diverting from any pur
pose. Rendering weak, silly, irresolute. Ifk, A lie.
A & afukk, Having weak, relaxed shoulder-blades.
AJ3 afkr, Sneezewort. (pl. of K3 jikr) Thoughts, medita
tions, opinions, advices. Concerns, cares. Doubts, perplexities.
Ifkr, (1 v of 3) Thinking, considering attentively.
J3)
A 3 afkk, (pl. of t fakk) The jaws, the upper and
lower part of the mouth.
A sl) ifkah, (1v of &3) (A camel) giving much milk before
foaling, from having plenty of fresh grass.
A J3 afkal or ifkil, Trembling, consternation, tremor. A
species of green magpye. A troop, crowd. *49% \,\- They
came in a crowd, in a tumultuous manner.
rj afgar, A wound. Lame, crippled, wounded, wrinkled,
loaded, fatigued, confused, jaded. (A camel) affected by age,
afgar-i may, Intoxicated, overloaded with wine. J3 J
r & 3) aganah, An foetus. A abortion.
, 1%. - -
peG) agnidan, To cause to throw.
P s afgan, Throwing: casting away. s
* bkh-afgan,
Throwing down trees. ej ~5 tab-afgan, Casting forth flames.
- s e - sang-agan, Throwing stones. c * koh-afgan,
Overturning mountains.
P J agandagi, A falling off, decay, abjectness, servitude.
P J-3 agandan, To throw, to cast away, up, off, down.
r x3) agandah, Thrown away. Wile, abject. A slave.
* ~ * agandah-sam, Weak, impotent. Lamentation.
A JET fil, (part.) Setting (the sun).
a J3" afall, A sword broke, jagged or notched in the edges.
A\}| al, (pl. of 33 faluw) Horse-colts when weaned from
sucking. Ila, (Iv of 3) Weaning (an infant or colt). Pos
sessing a weaned colt. Flying to the desert, shunning society.
A cl ilt, (1v of ~13) Escaping, flying away. Setting at
liberty. Aiding one to make his escape.
A z aflaj, (pl. of *
falaj) Rivulets, brooks. Waters stream
ing from the eyes. Ilaj, (1v of *)
Liberating, dismissing.
Rendering superior. Justifying or espousing a cause.
A. c ilah, (1v of *) Prospering. Prosperity, success.
A $.3" afts, (pl. of 33 file) The livers of camels (pl. of 5%
filzat) Parts, pieces, segments.
A U-\} ils, (iv of U.J.3) Becoming bankrupt. Penury, want
A ls) ilat, (1v of |als) Setting at liberty. Surprising, coming
upon, or attacking suddenly.
Ge Altn, (IIxrwy) Plato, whom the Arabians call
often J exG) The divine Plato. Gum bdellium.
A J aflk, (pl. of c falak) The fissures or interstices be
tween folding doors. Stocks in which criminals are placed,
and things of the like form. Valleys, or any low grounds be
between two hills or sloping ascents. The crepuscles, dawnings,
mornings. All men and creatures, every created being. Iak,
(1v of Gl) Doing a feat worthy of admiration. Walakhia.
A t ak, (pl. of cfalak) Heavens, heavenly bodies.
re--: t aftk-shinsn, Astronomers.
 23)
re aflkiyn, Worshippers of the heavenly bodies.
A J ill, (iv of J falla) Being spoiled of one's property. Jkat) The milk in the udders (of camels) collected between the
Travelling in a country destitute of rain and vegetation.
A * aflaj, Having wide-set teeth. Having the breasts dis
tant from one another.
A * aflah, Having a chap, or cut, on the under lip.
v aflas, Quite impoverished, totally ruined. Rude,
brutal. Aftus, (pl. of U-9 fals) Small coins. Scales of fish.
Bosses on the backs of books or on bridles. l'overties.
P *s iflunjah, Name of a seed resembling mustard-seed,
but of a fragrant smell.
A * Itij, Name of a place.
$: A J afana, (fut. c ya-funu) He diminished.
A j ah, (from J") Weakening, impairing (the under
slanding). Exhausting the milk in (a camel's) udder, either by
milking or sucking. Milking a camel at an unusual hour (which
injures the animal).
A 3 ah, v \} aha un ns, Men unknown. Ifna, (iv
of J), Corrupting, consuming, ruining, destroying. r ..s)
c; J To destroy the infidels.
A 2'-3" ind, (1v of ~3 not in use) Labouring under an
imbecility of mind, being delirious. Telling a lie.
A 3.3 ahk, (pl. of C-3 fanik) Large fine camels, kept as
stallions. Imk, (iv. of G-3) Living elegantly after having
encountered difficulties.
A. J ank, (pl. of << funk) Hay-weazels. Martens.
Ferrets. Beavers. Ifnak, (1v of ) Insisting, urging, per
severing.
A. J ann, (pl. of cfann and J-3 fanan) Branches. (pl. of
c funn), Stratagems, frauds. Different kinds (of flocks or
riches). Ways, manners. Arts, sciences, doctrines. Delays.
Riches. Ornaments.
A& qfinat, (A camel) having little milk.
r f fand, War, strife.
*** indk, The rainbow.
rew afundidan, To stir up strife, enmity, or war.
A Jufnun, A mode, a manner, a form (of doctrine or
Prayer). A various or involved kind of speech or prayer. De
ceit. A serpent. A languid old woman. Delay. Riches (of
various kinds). Ornament, decoration. Luxuriant and en
tangled branches. A race between a horse and a camel. The
beginning of youth.
A& afniyat, (pl. of \ } fin) Courts before a house.
Ael aftet, (pl. of c faict) Spaces between the fingers.
A g; afrj, (pl. of gaic) Crowds, troops, herds, flocks.
Armies. 5A9.c. A victorious army. U-V3) In crowds.
A-3; "f, (pl. of -35; ff) Membranes. White spots
"grw at the ends of the nails, whitish grains in the heart
of the date-stones, from which originate the palm-trees. Things.
137
A J} aftek, (pl. of Juk) Notches of arrows. (pl. of &
hours of milking. Ifick, (1v of J33) Fitting the notch of the ar
row to the bow-string when going to shoot.
A s"; afteh, (pl. of 8,3 fah) Mouths. The mouths or en
trances of rivers, streets, &c. Doubtful news; fame, report.
Aromatic herbs, whence odours and ointments are extracted.
A us afwah?, Famed, reported, noised abroad.
A 3; uf-ud, Bread baked in the ashes. A place under the
ashes where bread is baked.
P_3; uur, An owl. A belch, eructation.
A y ufur (from , "), Leaping,jumping, bounding, springing,
running swiftly. Promptitude, activity (in serving, &c.).
A & 53 aficagh, Having a thick nose.
A ;3 ai, Pusillanimous, cowardly. Swift, active, keen,
bustling. The young of a species of Asiatic woodcock.
A &;" ufuat, The frequent repetition of the interjection u.
A J; a:cak, A broken-notched arrow. J-9 J;" A broken
arrow, without a head or point. Broken fortune, bad luck.
A C; ual (from J3), The setting (of the sun).
A *;" aficah, Large-mouthed. Name of a celebrated poet.
A_\ ahr, (pl. of ihr) Pestles of mortars. Stones, which
are held in the hand, for breaking nuts, pounding drugs, &c.
Ihr, (iv of As) Celebrating a Jewish festival (called Purim).
Coming to the synagogue. Conglomerating into separate masses
(the fat of animals). Concumbens cum puella, ita ut puella altera
strepitum audiat (which is forbidden by the Sunna or book of
Muhammadan traditions).
A J ihak, (iv of G) Filling (a bottle).
A
afham, (pl. of fahm) Intellects, understandings.
Iham, (1v of 3) Giving to understand, teaching.
A sl) ifhh, (1v of &#) (God) visiting any one with an im
pediment of speech, striking dumb. Causing to forget.
A 3. afa, A flock, or part of a flock, of sheep. A cloud which
disperses when exhausted of rain. Ui, Name of a place.
A \ ay, (pl. of sus; fay-a) Shadows (applied particularly
to an alteration in position, pointing to the west before mid-day,
then shortening, disappearing, and afterwards taking an opposite
direction). Tributes. Preys, spoils.
A 3'-3" ayf, (pl. of -ijf7f.) Level (grounds). Deserts
without water.
A J ayl, (pl. of JG fl) Weak in mind. Imprudent.
(pl. of J-3 fil), Elephants.
A t ayah, Roomy (house). Wide (ocean). Name of a
mountain. Afth, Name of a place.
A $2.3" afyidat, (pl. of 2; fu-d) Hearts. Livers. Lungs.
A c afik, Leather not quite dressed by the tanner; also lea
ther fit for sewing, but not used.
A ) afikat, A lie.
A J-3" afil. A yearling camel. A little sheep, a lambkin.
T
 G\
P e afilin (or ex afflun), The wormwood of Pontus. J *** !?" To pitch a tent. c" *:::
A. e." afin, Barren of genius, void of prudence. Corrupted.
P L afyus, A wild radish.
A c" ayun, Opium, poppy-juice.
a 3:3 ayuni, An opium-eater. Pe -5,-- 3:3) afyun?
chizi shudam, To adopt a custom, to acquire a habit.
P J k (or GT k) (for gh), A master, lord, sir. opinions. Agreements, compacts, bargains.
a 5.5" ik-at, (iv of us) Causing to vomit.
A u- akah?, (pl. of e';* kuhwn) Camomiles, anthemis.
A $.3%) ikdat, (1v of ex;) Giving (a horse) to be led. Giving
a number (of horses). Punishing by the law of retaliation, eye
for eye, &c. Preceding, going before, excelling. Being pro
posed, offered. Coming, acceding to. Precedence.
A ce's te"), (pl. of c kadah) Cups, goblets.
akadih (or
A -->}} akrib (or ~99. akrib), (pl. of ev, karb)
The nearest kindred, kinsmen, relations. P J-3- 2 9
akarib o khshn, Kindred and allies or relations.
A t' akrie, Hard, strong (men).
c cl akrn, (Anacw) Sweet flag. Wild myrtle.
A Jl akzil, (pl. of J) aksal) Wolves.
A -" akasim, (pl. of e- kism) Parts, portions (of goods).
AJ-G akasir, (pl. of rail aksar) Very short.
AJ-9 akasi, (pl. of J-3 aksa) Extremities, remotest parts.
AJazz akasis, (pl. of 4.23 kissah) Histories, relations, tales,
narrations, fables. Things, states, conditions, accidents.
A t-3 aktia (and &la;" aktizat), (pl. of t kat) Lop
pings, or small branches of trees, of which arrows are made.
A t akatit, (pl. of t katie) Herds, flocks.
c \,:3 akkiy, ('Annia) The acacia. All kind of juices ex
pressed from anything of a styptic quality; but particularly the
juice of the pods of an Egyptian thorn.
P C akal, An error, a failure, a miscarriage.
A & G) iklat (and J); ikwal), (1v of J}) Imputing to any
one, or alleging that he said or did such a thing.
A \,\ iklat, (1v of J-3) Breaking a contract or engagement,
declining to complete a bargain, rendering void, cancelling.
A akalim, (pl. of iklim) Climates, countries, re
gions, kingdoms. &x-,-][3] The seven climates, the whole world.
A --~~\;\ikmat, (iv of ;) Stopping, resting, staying, stand
ing still. Turning off towards any place, and dwelling there.
Constituting or appointing (one over another). Persevering,
persisting. Being intent (upon any thing). Surviving (wounds).
Establishing, arranging, regulating (a family). Stirring up,
awaking, rousing, re-establishing. Charging, accusing (one of
a crime), imputing (any thing to another). Preparing (any
train, snare, or ambush). Being earnest in prayer or supplica
tion, urging, pressing; importunity. Continuing, allowing to
remain. Removing (any person or thing). Being removed,
gone, absent. P ex~ --~~9) & To demonstrate or prove
by witnesses. J Q32- ** To put the laws in execution.
138 <-3)
,----|3| To
bring witnesses. -
A r aknim, (pl. of uknum) Persons. Causes.
A y's akawim (or akawim, (pl. of kawm) People,
nations, tribes, families, relations, men and women.
A Jl akwl, (pl. of J; kawl) Sayings, speeches, words,
A \,\} akyid, Tall, high (horse).
A C-3) akabb, Slender-waisted (man or animal).
A c ikbh, (iv of **) Rendering deformed. Acting
shamefully, villainously, basely.
- Aj ikbr, (1v of 23) Interring, causing to bury.
Au- ikbs, (1v of U-3) Giving (fire). Permitting another
to light his fire from one's own. Asking for fire. Learning.
A U43 ikbz, (1v of Jij) Making or fitting a handle (to a
sword, knife, &c.).
A J ikbl, (iv of J.3) Approaching, coming. Turning
(the face) towards any person, thing, or place. Admitting, con
senting, accepting (a bond, &c.). Making haste, arriving, meet
ing, approaching. Applying successfully (to any thing), apply
ing (one thing to another). Beginning. Driving in a straight
direction (camels). Hurling forward (spears, &c.). Standing
before (the eyes of another). Turning aside or distorting (the
eyes). Good fortune, prosperity, felicity. Puy J), To
promise, agree, engage.
A "l'ikblan, Prosperously.
r x~~\ }) ikbl-mand, Prosperous, fortunate, happy.
A z akbah, More or most base, mean, infamous.
A 8'2-3) Al ukab.dat, Name of a place in Arabia.
A & akbiyah, (pl. of 3 kab) Vestures, garments.
A ej ikbi-nan, (111 of J Q) Self-restraint. Tenacity.
A c-3" akt (for c-3, wakt), A definite time, a fixed hour.
A -->4) aktb, (pl. of C-3 katb) Saddles, pannels, dorsers
for camels. Iktb, (1v of C-33 not in use) Saddling a camel.
A c" aktd, (pl. of ~3 katad) The timbers of a pannel.
A_\ aktr, A shop-keeper. (pl. of 23 kutr) Coasts, shores,
banks, margins, tracks (of the heavens), sides, parts, districts.
Iktr, (1v of 23) Being parsimonious. Sending forth a flavour
(as meat, when dressing or otherwise). Perfuming with the
wood of aloes (a woman). Being reduced to poverty.
A Jl aktal, (pl. of J-3 kitl) Enemies, adversaries. Com
panions, associates, friends, seconds, cousins, relations. Brave,
gallant, strong men. Horns. Iktl, (1v of J) Exposing (to
danger or death). Perishing, dying (from love, insanity, &c.).
A J iktn, (1v of ej) Being scarce (as meat). Destroy
ing the tike (a vermin infesting cattle). Being emaciated.
A \ iktib, (v111 of 3-5) Dressing, preparing. Making up
cloth into a garment, called t kab.
A l iktibb, (viii of -3 kabba) Cutting off (the hand).
 c-3)
A v iktibas, (viii of U-3) Borrowing (fire from another).
Deriving, procuring, gaining. Asking, begging. Acquiring
knowledge. A quotation,
A J iktibs, (v111 of La-5) Taking anything with the
points of the fingers.
A t iktibt, (v111 of 8-3) Bending inward the mouth of
a wine-skin or leathern bottle, when going to drink.
A --; iktitb, (viii of Saddling (a camel).
Acc; iktitt, (v111 of u-3 katta) Eradicating.
A Jl iktitl, (viii of J-3) Battle, conflict, slaughter.
Dying (from love, or insanity). Being in the flower of youth.
Praying extempore for the sovereign after the customary
prayers are ended.
A cl iktiss, (v111 of ~3 kassa) Tearing up, plucking.
Aj iktisar, (viii of As) Providing household furniture.
A Jse iktihsh, (viii of Js) Enquiring, exploring.
A s iktih, (v111 of ~ is") Drinking the entire con
tents of a cup.
A As iktihm, (wi II of **) Rushing headlong.
Engag
ing in an enterprise rashly. Arriving at a place during a time
of scarcity. Despising. Setting (a star).
A x3 Aktud, Name of a well.
A "&" i tida, (v111 of 235) Imitating. Following.
A t iktidah, (VIII of t) Striking fire. Taking gravy
out of a pot with a ladle. Managing, disposing, regulating.
A ex3' iktidad, (v111 of A3 kadda) Arranging, regulating.
AJ& iktidar, (v111 of JA) Being powerful. Power, au
thority. Dignity. Excellence. Boiling or dressing (in a pot).
Ax, ---> A powerful, capable, able, man. P * .**
j A king of high authority, a most potent monarch. ex
j's gardin-iktidar, Powerful as heaven.
A 's iktidim, (VIII of axi) Promoting, furthering.
- A) iktiri, (VIII of 23) Applying diligently, striving. Pur
suing, travelling from place to place. Entertaining hospitably.
A --> iktirb, (viii of ~3) Approaching, drawing near.
Being about to be fulfilled (a promise).
A t iktirah, (v111 of c.A) Pronouncing an unpremeditated
speech or extempore verses. An extempory composition or
delivery (in prose or verse). Breaking or riding (a horse or
camel) for the first time. Attempting anything which had not
been done before. Asking with importunity (particularly what
a man is not entitled to).
Ay: iktirr, (viii of, karra) The fatness of a camel (par
ticularly that which is acquired by feeding on dry herbage or
grain). (A camel) becoming fat by that means. Washing in
cold water. Taking whatever remains or adheres to the bottom
**ides of a kettle wherein victuals have been cooked.
*Jiktirz, (viii of Je;), Borrowing, taking on credit.
A &= iktirt, (v111 of &A) Casting lost. Sortilege.
A 23. iktiraf, (v11.1 of 3;) Being accused. Acquiring.
139 3)
ej iktirn, (v11.1 of ey;) Being associated, joined, united.
A
Company, association, union. Conjunction (of the planets). -->
- V-3) dawlat-iktirn, Happy, associated with prosperity.
A_\-3" iktisr, (VIII of r-5) Forcing, compelling, obliging.
A '-3' iktisam, (v11.1 of 3) Dividing (among themselves).
Swearing. <!-- ----> The division of the inheritance.
A Q-2-3" iktishb, (v111 of -3) Gaining praise or censure.
A 2'-3" iktisd, (v111 of ~3) Being in a middle state, neither
corpulent nor slender, neither prodigal nor sparing, neither swift
nor slow. Keeping the middle, right path. Acting justly. Being
near. Writing poetry, versifying. See 3-3 kasidat.
Aj\ =\ iktisar, (VIII of raj) Failing, wasting. Determining
or fixing anything within certain bounds. Attaching one's self
to anything, and being contented without exceeding the limits.
Abbreviation, abridgment, restriction. rejej To abridge.
A Jeux.3) iktiss, (v111 of La kassa) Following, pursuing.
Reciting, relating. Retaliating. Requesting another to reta
liate.
A 3-3 iktiz, (v111 of J.i.5) Demanding, insisting upon,
exacting (a debt). Importunity. Je." ias' The exigency
of the thing, time, or place. re; \43) To exact, require,
render necessary. To be constrained.
A -\iz) iktizb, (v11.1 of vii) Cutting off a part of any
thing. Riding an unbroken horse. Speaking extempore.
A U2\3-3) iktizz, (v111 of Jai kazza) Deflowering a virgin.
A &\la iktitt, (v11.1 of t) Cutting off a part. Taking a
sheep from the flock.
A -j l iktiti, (v111 of -lai) Pulling, plucking, gathering.
iktitat, (v11.1 of laxi) Wrapping the sash round the
A x:3)
turban without passing it under the chin.
A sci) iktik, (v111 of -ix}) Being displaced. Falling
with a crash (a wall). Seizing, grasping with avidity.
A \ iktia, (v11.1 of 3:3) Following, walking in the steps.
Choosing, selecting, appropriating.
A_\xi}\iktiar, (vn of , 3) Following (another's steps).
A & iktilat, (v111 of s) Pulling up, tearing out, extract
ing. Being pulled up, torn out, extracted.
A 2:3 aktam, Of the colour of dust with a mixture of red.
A c iktimah, (v111 of 2") Taking up (wheat, millet,
&c.) in the hand. Raising the head. Keeping the head erect
(a pillory). Looking down. Being intense (cold).
A &\ iktim, (viii of 83) Drinking the entire contents
of a leathern bottle. Electing, choosing.
A c iktimam, (VIII of kamma) Nibbling (a sheep).
Devouring what is on the table. Managing any business well.
A." iktina,
receiving. (viii
P e.9% \,"of C-5) ff.
Acquiring, possessing, gaining
po g: g 7
A Je iktinas, (v11.1 of Las) Hunting, chasing. Gaining.
G J aktanaluki, (A navaxev) White thorn.
T 2
 c3)
A Juci iktinan, (viii of c; kanna) Standing erect upon a
rock (a goat). Firmness, consistency of conduct.
A \,-4) iktitei, (VIII of 55) Firmness, strength, power, vi
gour. Outbidding, enhancing. Claiming for one's self.
A iktiyt, (v111 of <-53) Being fed. Subsisting.
A 2-3 iktiyad, (v11.1 of 9:3) Leading. Being led, submitting.
A j iktiyr, (v11.1 of 253) Cutting any thing in a circular
form. Need, occasion.
Aj. iktiyr, (v111 of 23) Investigating, scrutinizing.
AJ- iktiyas, (v111 of L-3) Measuring, comparing. As
similating. Bearing a resemblance to, taking after (one's father).
A J) iktiyz, (v111 of Jij) Tearing up by the roots.
A **) iktiyt, (v11.1 of 83) Being furious (a he-camel).
A iktiyaf, (v11.1 of ) Following, tracing, dogging.
A. J iktiyal, (v11.1 of J}) Exercising authority. Choosing.
A iktiyam, (v11.1 of ^j}) Cutting off (the nose).
A Jl iktiyn, (v111 of c) Appearing beautiful (plants).
Flowering (a garden).
A 3'iks-a, (iv. of 3 obsol.) Abounding in cucumbers.
A c" iksam, (1v of **) Giving a large share (of any thing
bad).
*J-s akajnsh, Rust of iron.
A cs" ak-hh, (pl. of * kuhh) True (Arabians). Unpo
lished, rude (men). Green, unripe (cucumbers or melons).
A els?" ik-had, (1v of As) Having a large bunch (a camel).
A pus" ik-ht (Iv of-s) Suffering from scarcity. Drought.
Penury, scarcity of provisions.
A ls" ak-h, (pl. of is kilf) Sculls. Wooden saucers
or cups resembling them. Ik-hf, (1v of is) Collecting a
number of stones, upon which to place household utensils, &c.
A Cls ik-hal, (1v of Js) Making dry or withered.
A. als ik-hm, (1v of **) Throwing headlong. Forcing
(a horse) into a river. Being compelled to migrate from famine.
Changing the front-teeth and those next to them in the same
vear (a came!).
A *** ak-had, (A camel) having a large bunch. Ak-hud,
(pl. of SAs, kahadat) Bunches of camels, or the roots of them.
A e';* uk-husrn, Camomile. Lovage. Pellitory. Crow
foot. The corn-marigold.
A &";s Al uk-hu:canah, Name of a place in Mecca.
A \,\ akuda, (pl. of A; kadd) Statures, bodies. Kid-skins.
Quantities, parts, sections (of any thing). (pl. of 333 kiddat)
Rules, modes. Crowds of people divided, discordant, or going
different ways. Oblong sections (of leather, &c. as straps,
belts). Cups and other vessels (made of leather).
A \,\! ikd, (1v of six;) Coming off a journey.
A c akdah, (pl. of c kadah) Cups, goblets, bowls of a
large size. (pl. of c kidh) (See c akduh below).
A 3's idid, (1v of x; kadda) Cutting long-ways.
140 &\
A 3'3' ikul, (1v of **) Preventing, prohibi:ing, curbing,
restraining, hindering one another. Preparing, hatching, or
meditating evil against any one. Threatening a nam. Follow
ing, moving forward, or pressing upon one another (in search
of any thing). Dying one after another. Thrusting (one thing
in another). Mixing (spears). Swarming (flies about meat).
A 'A' akdam, (pl. of ** kadam) Feet. Steps, paces. Ikdm,
(1v of **) Ordering one to go before. Giving or inspiring
spirit or courage, stimulating to any thing bold. Ordering to
approach. Ordering, proposing. Administering an oath. Ap
proaching or proceeding readily and with spirit, going boldly
against an enemy. Being careful, attentive. (Imperatively),
Troceed, advance boldly (a word commonly made use of to a
horse). Name of a mountain. *\, ** Impulse and re
pulsion, boldness and timidity, being stimulated to any thing
daring, yet shrinking back. ***", **) Care and diligence.
A t akdith, (pl. of t kidh) Arrows, before they have
received heads or wings; the simple reed or wood of which
they are made; also a kind of arrows which, among the Pagan
Arabians, were made use of in the following manner: they had
neither iron points nor feathers, and were called ', t:
they were three in number, and inclosed in a bagg, which was
kept by one who was called the priest of Hubal (an ancient idol
in the temple of Mecca before Muhammad). Upon one of those
arrows was written, Command me, Lord! upon the second,
Forbid me, Lord! and upon the third there was nothing.
When an Arabian wished to be determined about any thing he
meant to do, he went to this priest, called Muhwir Hubal;
and, having made him a present, he drew an arrow from the
bag : if it proved to be the first, the Arab immediately engaged
in his design; if the second, he deferred the execution for an
entire year; and if the blank arrow appeared, it was necessary
to draw again, and to repeat the present to the priest. Wars,
marriages, the circumcision of their children, and every thing
they held important, were decided by those arrows; to which
they also had recourse in all divisions of plunder or other pro
perty. The use of them is strictly prohibited in the Kuran.
AJ& akdar, Short (man). Defective. (A horse) throwing
his hind feet wider than the track of his fore-feet.
A U-23 akdas, Most pure, most holy.
A **" akdam, Former, first, more ancient. Noble, excellent,
brave. A lion. As ...t's rl The foremost of the infide
kings. Akdim, (imp. of 1.) Advance! proceed!
A 33' akazz, An arrow without wings. A feathered arrow.
A\&\ikz, (1v of **) Hurting (another's eyes) by throw
ing any small particle into them.
A 3'33" il-s, (1v of 33 kaza) Feathering (an arrow):
A "&" akzr, Filth. -
A 33) ikst, (iv of $33) Reviling, upbraiding contumeli"
ly, attacking with sarcasms, reproaches; or rude language.
 _3)
a J-33 ikzielal, (1v of Je q) Being difficult.
A J& akilat, (pl. of JW33 kazl) The back parts of the
heads of horses behind the ears, where the reins are fastened.
Aft ukur, A valley or wide channel covered with water and
salsuginous plants. Name of a mountain.
Ay ikr, (iv of 2,3) Putting a cloth on a horse with care.
A*]; akr-a, (pl. of , kar-a) Times, seasons. The menses
of women. Purifications, or periods when they are over. The
intermediate space between two menses. Verses ending with the
. . . . . . .
- -
14l 3)
that which is right). Submitting and becoming obsequious. Re
fusing (counsel), being stubborn. Checking or curbing (a horse).
Abstaining from. Prohibiting. Approaching, drawing near to
the inn or caravansera (a traveller). Kicking one another
(asses). Paving a house with bricks or tiles. Being perpetual,
never ceasing (evil). Being soft.
A ikrf, (1v of 3,3) Accusing. Suspecting. Putting
to shame. Being near, approaching. Handling, having deal
ings with. Being bred from a blood mare, by a mean sire.
A 'A' ikram, (1v of *A) Making master.

same letter, rhimes. Ikr-a, (1v of y) Giving, or ordering one Honouring, re

to read. Communicating in writing tidings relative to health, &c.
Approaching (the period of concluding any business). Retiring,
receding, delaying, interposing obstacles, departing, being gone
or absent. Blowing (as periodical winds). Delaying to come
(as rains in their proper season). Returning. Being pious, re
ligious, devout, dedicated to the service of God.
A. ~); akrab, (pl. of ~}} kurb) Those parts of the haunches
or hips nearest to the belly, the hypochondria. Ikrb, (1v of
3) Filling (a cup) almost full. Sheathing (a sword). Being
near delivery (a woman, &c.). Having camels hastening to
water, during nocturnal journies (when they quicken their
pace).
verencing, respecting. Preserving from labour (a stallion
camel).
A ey" akrn, (pl. of ey; karan) Ropes. (pl. of c, karin),
Connected, joined, tied with the same rope. Peers, pairs, equals,
(of the same age, &c.). Those who perform the solemnities called
* hajj and 32 c tumrat together. Ikrn, (1v of ey) Ele
wating a spear, lest the point should hurt any one before. Being
near bursting (a boil). Abounding in the veins (blood). Being
better, superior, excelling.
c; ikrny, (Keaysia) The cornel-tree.
A A akrab, Nearer, nearest.
A 'A' akrib, (pl. of karb) Kindred, relations, friends.

p s akrbsin, Antidotes, compound medicines. A t akrah, (A horse) having a small star in the fore-head.
A c; Akrh, Name of a place. Ikrh, (iv of t) Ulcer A 3-5) akrihat, (pl. of c; karh) Sown fields. Places des
aling, becoming ulcerated. Having ulcerated cattle. titute of buildings and trees. Pure, limpid, unmixed (waters).
As; akrd, (pl. ofo; kird) Male baboons. Ikrd, (1v of Ase;" akridat, (pl. of 9; kird) Male baboons.
93) Being silent, speechless, unable to speak, from any ailment Abil akrat, (A goat) with the lobes of the ears hanging
in the tongue. Resting. Feigning to be dead. down.
Aft ikrr, (iv of 3 karra) Establishing, fixing (in a place). A &A akrat, Most valiant, strenuous, vehement, bold, strong,
Confirming, settling, ratifying. Confessing, acknowledging a tremendous. Bald (from disease). Hard. (A sword) sharp
fault, telling the truth. Affirmation, attestation, confirmation.
and of excellent temper. {A}| A serpent with hair on his
Asurance, promise, agreement. Refreshing. Being cooled,
suffering by cold. Pe);', To confess, to make confession of head, under which it is supposed venom is lodged.
A akram, A stallion-camel of great value, and exempted
sins. J To promise. To acknowledge. e , 2);
for that reason from labour.
To stand to a promise. l, A general acknowledgement,
A ej akran, One whose eye-brows meet. -

* Public declaration. A will, a testament.

p & 3 ikrr-nmah, A written agreement, an indenture, a A t ikrimbat, (111 of s Q) Contracting one's self to
bond, a contract. gether, when sitting, from cold. -

A U-'A' ikras, (1v of J) Congealing, freezing, giving A c ikrindah, (111 of c 9) The being attached, having
anything the appearance of being congealed. a propensity or inclination for anything. * -

Avikrish, (iv of L;) Speaking ill of any one. Rushing A &a=} ikrinsat, (111 of s Q) Drawing one's self toge.
or falling upon. Exerting one's self to the utmost. ther. Wrapping one's self up in a garment. Bashfulness.

AJ-2 akrs, (pl. of Ue; kurs) Crusts (of bread), pastils, A ;" ikrinfat (or ), (111 of a; 2) Drawing or col
*enges. Disks of the sun.c JA Bole-lozenges. JA lecting one's self together; contracting the side from pain.
J-, Elecampane-lozenges. Je Je); Frankincense-lozenges. A ; , ) akru-a, (pl. of *; kar-a) The menses. -

** Je; Myrtle-lozenges. A & A akriyat, (pl. of 53 kari) Canals, aqueducts; streams

A J ikras, (1v of J) Lending, giving credit. let into sown fields. - -

t ikrf, (1v of &A) Casting or drawing lots. Lending A c); akzh, (pl. of c > kizh) Pot-herbs, roots, seasonings
"hiring out (a camel stallion). Giving away the best part of added to victuals whilst cooking.
* late (whether in cattle or other effects). Returning (to A. &\}) ikzt, (1v of 3) Contradicting, withstanding.
 J-3
A *} akzm, (pl. of *} kazam) (Men) of a meaner race, or
rank; also weaker in body. (Sheep) of the worst species.
A J; akzal, Halting ungracefully, having emaciated legs. A
wolf. J}} a! akxal, A species of snake. ..e5! alakzalani,
Two feathers in the middle of the eagle's tail.
A U-5) iks, (iv of 3-5) Hardening (the heart).
Aku-3) akst, (pl. of a-3 kist) Dry measures, the half of a
** se. Portions, shares of any thing distributed. Whatever
is granted by Providence to sustain life. Scales, balances. Iksat,
(1v of a-3) Being just, equitable. Distributing justice.
A ^\-5 aksam, (pl. of 3 kism) Portions, divisions, classes.
Kinds, sorts. Oaths. Iksam, (1v of -) Swearing. Adjuring.
A 3-3) akissat, (pl. of U-3 kasis) Christian priests, presbyters.
Ay- Aksara, Name of a city in Natolia (Asia Minor).
A la3) aksat, Most just, equitable. (A camel) having the
muscles of his feet dry and hard. (A horse) whose hind legs are
nearly perpendicular (which is considered a blemish).
A U-3) aksim, (pl. of -- kasim) Beautiful, handsome.
A J- aksus, Name of a small viscous berry.
A &- uksumat, A part, a portion, a division.
c axil-3) aksiykant, (O'vuayba) The oxyacanth-tree. most part. C-!) J- The extremes, terms, boundaries;
A J- iksi-nan, (1v of e- Q) Becoming hard (wood).
Growing old. Being dark (night). Using diligence in business.
A t iksh, (iv of 3:3) Becoming poor, from being rich.
A -->4) akshb, (pl. of e--; kishb) Poisons, venoms. Souls,
breaths. Polished; and also, rusty (swords, &c.).
A L ikshsh, (1v of U kashsha) Recovering from the
small-pox, or other eruption. Roving without constraint.
A &\ iksha, (iv of 83) Dissipating, dispelling. Being
dispersed, dispelled (clouds, &c.). Retiring from water (men).
r & 57 kishtah, A pantry, cupboard, buttery.
A -->akshat, More or most exalted, noble, eminent.
Ayat) ikshitrar, (iv of x^3 Q) Tremor. Horripilation.
A ext3) akshn, Name of a plant.
A Va" iks, (iv of 3-3) Removing far off. Exterminating, ex
tirpating. Having she-camels distinguished by the epithet & as
kasiyat, or solitary, (as kept apart from others, on account of
their superior value; though sometimes so named, as being laid
aside from their worthlessness).
A -- as aksab, (pl. of ~as kusb) Intestines. Bow-strings,
&c. made from the intestines. The hypochondria, or that part of
the sides under the short-ribs. Iksb, (1v of -23) Having ca
mels interrupting their drinking, before their thirst is quenched.
A Quai" aksd, Broken (spear). Iksd, (1v of 3.23) Hitting
fair, and killing (an arrow). Biting and killing (a serpent). Dig
ging properly. Accompanying on a journey.
A_\as iksr, (iv of rai) Beginning the evening, and doing
anything then. Containing one's self, refraining or abstaining
from anything, doing less than one is equal to. Bearing chil
dren short of stature (a woman). Becoming deficient, or unequal
142' \-3)
to anything. Being aged in the teeth (as goats, sheep, &c.).
Jla as 5, as "e", res- a 3-ls) e A tall woman sometimes
brings forth short children, and a short woman, tall ones.
A rail aksar, Shorter, or shortest. More or most deficient.
A Je ikss, (1v of La kassa) Narrating. Being at the
point (of death). Bringing one to death's door. Tearing out (an
eye, &c. by way of retaliation). (Ground) producing the herb
called &aza; kasisat. Appearing to be pregnant (mares, sheep,
&c. by refusing the male). Being weak, emaciated, and unable
to labour (a camel).
A !--- Akassara, The Khosroes (the Cyruses). This was
the family surname of the dynasty of Persian kings, called the
Sassanians, who reigned from the year 202 of the Christian era,
till about the middle of the seventh century, when Yazdagird,
the last of the family, was defeated and killed by the Arabians.
A -&as' aksa, Having the teeth (especially before) broken
in the middle.
A 2-3) aksam, One whose front-teeth are broken.
A 2-3" aksa' (and \-3" aks), Far off, more or most remote.
A boundary, term, extremity. Most of all, very much, for the
the accomplishment, completion, perfection, end. e- As--
masjid-i aksa', The most remote temple, i. e. the temple at Jeru
salem, (so called, because people, from the most distant countries,
flock to visit it). J- U-- Name of a town in Maghrabiyah,
or the western part of Africa.
A sli' iks-a, (1v of J.-4) Giving to eat.
A JA.ii) ikzs, (iv of Ji kasza) Cleansing anything from
dry sandy particles. Being hard, rough, incommodious (bed,
or any place of repose). Making (a place of that kind) uneasy.
Following bad habits. Prosecuting subtile enquiries.
A ' is ikram, (1v of ri) Giving corn to a horse, put into
a nose-bag, and fastened round his head.
A akza, More or mostjudicious, acute, penetrating, "
3'-il'aksal kusat, The most intelligent, penetrating of judges.
A ris) aksiyat, (pl. of Vi kaz) Judgments, decrees. Pre
destinations, fates. Deaths. Chances, accidents. Stated prayers.
Al-3" akt (from |-}\) Dressing victuals with a preparation of
milk called akit, or ikt, dried so as to be reducible to powder.
A -la." iktab, (1 v of ~las) Mixing (wine). Being assen
bled (men).
Aja:) aktar, (pl. of Aaj kutr) Tracks (of the heavens). Dis
tricts (of country). Sides (of the body). Iktr, (iv of j)
Laying prostrate on the back or side (piercing with a spear).
Beginning to distil, drop, or rain.
A t aktf Or uktt, Cuts (as cloth for making garments).
(pl. of t kitt) (Arrows) having small but broad heads (pl.
of t kata) Herds (of oxen), flocks (of sheep), as being dis
tinct and separate bodies. Iktt, (1v of **) Cutting, lopping:
 s 143
Permitting one to lop (branches of trees). Retaining, withhold A Jews' ikts, (1v of La) Killing suddenly, on the spot, the
ing. Leaving behind. Being sufficient for one's stature (cloth moment the blow is struck.

for a garment). Defeating by argument, silencing. Checking,
stopping (the mouth of an enemy by good offices). Being over
powered, so as to be unable to answer. Being sunk, gone, ex
hausted (the water in a well). Assigning lands on feudal or
copyhold tenure (as a prince to a subject). Giving over laying
eggs (a hen). Being ready for lopping (the palm-tree). Being
separated or far removed from one's friends.
A -gluliktf; (iv of -a;) Being near the vintage-season.
Being almost ripe (grapes). Having vines in that state. Having
a dull, heavy-paced horse.
A J aktn, (pl. of elas kutn) Cottons. (Our word cotton
appears to be derived from the singular of this vocable).
A cl Al aktniyun, Name of a place near 43, Rukkah.
a t aktat, Having the hand amputated. Dumb. More for horses and camels. (pl. of A katid) People sitting toge
or most acute or acid. Aktu, (pl. of sl kitt) The points of ther. Joined in confederacy or alliance. Any places or things
arrows, small but broad. (pl. of ** katia) Branches or lop
pings of trees, of which they make arrows. Cuttings. Sections.
(Men) labouring under a shortness of breath, or suffocation.
A cl alaktatni, (The two sharps) the sword and pen.
A slas aktitat, (pl. of t katia) Small branches of trees,
of which arrows are made.
AJ aktan, Crooked-backed. Aktin, A species of pulse,
smaller than pease. . J A sort of vetch.
G *3) aktinaluki, (A'wavaxev) White-thorn.
A ** uktzat, A token which, in Arabia, one woman sends
to another, as an intimation of a renunciation of friendship, cor
respondence, and society.
A J akta', The elder-tree.
A bl! iktat, (1v of |axi) Being obscene (in conversation).
Rendering despicable. Loud (noise), vehement (vociferation).
A & iktt, (iv of 85 kata) Digging to brackish water.
A Jl iktal, (1v of J-3) Expanding (as the vine-flowers).
A c iktm, (1v of **) Biting and killing (as a serpent).
Rising or ascending the meridian (the sun). Being attacked by,
and dying of, any disease.
A 43 akub, (pl. of -s kaab) Large wooden cups; small
cups; such cups as hold as much as a man may drink off at a
draught. The more profound or hidden parts (of a discourse).
Furrows or cavities in mountains.
A **l akad, Very distantly related to the head of the family.
A sex;' akaidat, (pl. of sex; kutdat) Wild asses. Saddles both
upon which people sit. (Young camels) ready or beginning to
be ready for the saddle (such as the camel-pastor rides upon occa
sionally). Fathers. Such whose fathers or ancestors reach to the
chief of the family. Locusts without wings. Coming behind.
A U-4 aktas, (A horse) having a high fore-end. Hollow
backed, with a protuberance in the breasts. Long (night). Grave
(man). Solid (glory). (An ant) with an erect tail and breast.
A v!" Al akaas, Name of a mountain.
A xil akaam, Flat-nosed.
A U-\-ikeinsas, (111 of J-3 q) Returning, going back
ward. Bending inwards (the back). Projecting (the breast).
Ajkaz ikainsar, (111 of raaj Q) Squatting, cowering down.
Aj" ikainfaz, (111 of s Q) Sitting on tip-toes as if pre
pared to rise. -

AAA' iktrr, (x1 of las) Beginning to wither (plants). A J aka', Having the point of the nose turned up.
Aa' iktit, (xii of l) Stepping sprightly, but slowly. A G) aka, (pl. of \; kaf) The hinder parts of the neck or
A \ ikt, (iv of xi) Being pointed and turned up (the nose).
head. Ikfa, (1v of 3:3) Preferring. Appropriating to one's self.
Sitting down upon anything. Sitting upon the hams (as a dog A z ikakh, (1v of **) Wishing for the male (a cow).
or other animal), having the fore-feet perpendicular. Pulling A_\:3 akar, (pl. of, is kafr) Deserts. Ikar, (iv of J) Being
back, checking, or making (a horse) to go backward. ruined, desolate, desert (house or country). Discovering a de
A x ikais, (iv of ~3) Being prodigal, extravagant. serted city. Going out to, travelling through a desert, and
Receiving a valuable present. wanting victuals. Hungering.
A s aktd, (pl. of kutd) Lamenesses, any infirmities A Je akfas, (pl. of Lakas) Cages, aviaries.
which inclines one to sit much, or prevents man or beast from A 33-3) akfa, (pl. of -is kuff) Clouds, resembling moun
walking erect, Ikd, (iv of Axi) Ordering or desiring one to tains (clustering one over another, and having at the same time
sit. Causing a hen-bird to sit. Serving, attending, waiting upon.
the appearance of forests, &c.). Ikfa; (iv of --; kaffa) Giving
Being contented (in point of gain or advantage). Digging over laying eggs. Having eggs and keeping them in the belly.
superficially (for water) and leaving the ground so dug up, with Hatching (a hen). Appearing blackish after crying (eyes).
out finding any. Being lame, so as not to stand erect; unable A CU3) akfal, (pl. of J kut) Locks, bolts, bars. Ikal, (iv.
to move; detained in a place. x3) 5 a!!" By God he did it.
of J) Bolting (the door). Drying up. Causing to return.
Aj. iktr, (iv. of 23) Digging deep (a well). A 3:3) akfad, Having an enerwated and drooping neck. Walk
Av ikais, Opulence, abundance, plenty ing on tip-toe. Having short toes and fingers. (A horse) having
 U3) 144 c
the pastern immediately above the hoof. (A camel) having the (birds). Climbing (a mountain), and standing or appearing on the
feet pointing inwards. (When the feet point obliquely outwards, summit. Lighting, and sitting upon, a tree (a bird).
such a camel is called 3.2 asdaf). g .3) iklim, (Kxiua) A clime, climate, or country. p <-is
Aj) akfaz, (A horse) having white fore-legs, to the knees, The seven climates, the whole world.
resembling white stockings. Akfiz, (pl. of j kaf.) Leaps. F \ 1klimiy, Name of Adam's daughter. The ore, scum
A akfixat, (pl. of 2.5 kafiz.) Measures containing about
or dross of gold or silver, a kind of white earth, the litharge.
64 lbs. weight. Spaces of ground, containing 124 cubits square. A \,\ ikm-a, (iv of us) Despising, undervaluing, treating
A s akfat, One whose toes are bent downwards. with contempt. Having cattle becoming fat. Being proper
A J' ikfelal, (iv of Ja Q) Being contracted (the hand). (pasture or fodder) for fattening (cattle). Pleasing (anything).
A tlikmah, (1v of **) Taking up a handful of wheat,
A J) akful, (pl. of J kut) Bolts, bars, locks.
A&#3) akfiyat, (pl. of $5 kaf) Hind-heads, napes of the neck. millet or other grain. Raising (the head). Fixing one by the
A Jilakall, Less, least. e're J3 The least or meanest of neck in any machine of iron or wood, pilloring. Contracting the
servants t." J3 The least of the kingdoms or provinces. visage, hanging the head. c y. A very cold month.
A -13" aklb, (pl. of 43 kalb) The piths of palm-trees. A G" ikmd, (1v of Maj) Exalting (the neck). Erigens
Iklb, (1v of 43) Turning, converting, inverting, revolving. (penis). Effluxum seminis passus.
Being fired or done upon one side, and ready for turning (bread). Aj akmr, (pl. of 2.3 kamar) Moons (from the third day
Having camels attacked with a distemper which affects the heart, till the twenty-sixth ; the two first and the two last days being
to which they are subject. Being dried on the outside (grapes). called JMA hall). (pl. of z kamir) Those with whom you
A -) iklt, (iv of ~13) Destroying. Having no offspring play at games of hazard. Ikmar, (1v of 23) Having bright
alive (a woman). moon-light (a night). Being in such a night, having the moon
A c" ikld, (1v of M3) Overwhelming, drowning (the sea). shining upon you. Being struck with frost before being ripe,
A J29 iklas, (1v of J-3) Having a small bunch (a camel). and thereby losing their sweetness (dates).
Becoming fat in summer (a she camel), when she gives no milk. Aj ikms, (iv of >3) Acquiring, possessing.
A & iklt, (1v of t) Eradicating, extirpating, pulling up A J- ikms, (1v of U-43) Dipping (one in water).

A ** ikme, (iv of 813) Subduing or commanding one's

by the roots. Removing from a place, laying aside. Abstaining.
Being diverted (from any business). Intermitting or going off
(a fever). Navigating, hoisting sail, going with full sail. Being
of a proper age for the saddle (she-camels). Building a fortress.
A ikla, (iv of is) Cementing, gluing, caulking.
A J iklk, (1v of G3) Having the pack-saddle, baggage,
&c. loose, and ready to fall off (a camel). Disturbing, disquieting.
A JW3 ikll, (1v of J: kalla) Taking up a water-pot. Raising,
causing to ascend. Diminishing. Being seized with a tremor.
Becoming poor.
A aklam, (pl. of 45 kalam) Pens. Reeds of which they
make pens. P i) w Malignant writings, satires, libels.
A 43 aklab, (A man) having inverted lips.
A 3.13) aklibat, (pl. of ~3 kalib) Wells, old wells.
A 2. aklah, (A mah) having dirty yellow teeth.
A 3" aklaf, Uncircumcised.
A U--9) iklinsas, (111 of U-9 Q) Wearing a high cap.
p Mi" iklid, A bolt, bar.
A 3.5" iklid, A key. Any thing crooked, by which a lock, &c.
is opened or shut. A copper-chain running through the nose
ring of a camel (by which he is led).
a U-2-3 Ukiidas, (Evol) Euclid.
ALslikl, (x11 of 3) Being moved, disturbed. Sitting, in
clining to one side. Preparing to rise up. Expediting or pushing
forward (any business). Being swift (ass). Rising up or soaring
self. Averting or repelling any thing threatened.
A Jikml, (1v of J) Putting forth the first and smaller
leaves (an artichoke, or thistle).
A ^* ikman, (1v of kamma) Taking up any thing from
the ground with the lipsand eating it (sheep). Subiens, iniensque
(camelam) recumbentem (camelus).
Aj akmar, Brilliant, clear (night).
A 3-3) akmishat, (pl. of J kumash) Robes, cloths, stuffs.
A&aas' akmisat, (pl. of Ja kamis) Shirts, or any other
kinds of inner garments of linen or cotton. Surplices.
Aya ikmitrar, (Iv of Aaaj Q) Bending its tail and drawing
together its body (a scorpion). Being disastrous (the day).
A s akmat, (A man) having an incessant watering of the
eye. Flat-nosed.
A "**3) ikmihdd, (iv of Ja Q) Raising or holding up the
head. Dwelling or remaining in any place.
A e." ukun, (pl. of 3.3 uknat) Structures of stone. Nests built
in cavities of stone (by birds of prey).
Aujlakn, (pl. of us kan) Roman or hawk-noses. Bunches
of dates. Ikna, (1v of ) Being enriched (particularly by
acquired property). Giving enough, contenting, satisfying.
A U-3" ikn-a (1v of t;) Killing, putting to death.
A -u) iknb, (iv of C-3) Increasing to a troop of thirty or
forty. Withdrawing or absconding from king or creditor.
A Je ikns, (1v of va) Hunting.
 3)
A cliknit, (iv of ~3) Supplicating God, being long and
earnest in prayer and praise. Denouncing imprecations.
A c ikmah, (1v of c) Erecting (a gate) with planed wood.
Plunging any thing in water.
A t aknt (pl. of 85 kine) Arms, missile weapons. Iknt,
(iv of 8-3) Satisfying, rendering content. Going home, or to
pasture (cattle). Sending (cattle) to water. Holding the head
erect (as a player on a flute or other pipe). Inclining the mouth
of a vessel, either to pour out or receive any thing. Bowing the
head in order to drink (a camel). Having the eye intently fixed
upon any thing, the head raised and immoveable. Covering
one's face in prayer with the palms of the hands. Residing in a
valley between two rising hills.
A a'ikn, (iv of i) Having a numerous army. Being
firm in council, able in business. Having flagging ears.
A.J.; aknn (and & akinnat), (pl. of e kinn) Domestic
servants (i.e. born in the family, and the property consequently
of their master, if their fathers and mothers are slaves).
A&#' uknat, A structure of stone. A bird's nest built in stone.
G J akantalaw.ki, (A"waybaatv) A kind of white thorn.
G J- akantiyun, (A navlow) A kind of thorn.
A-3 aknaf, Having small and thick ears. (A horse) whitish
on the back of the neck.
A aknum or uknum, A substance or principle, a person of
the Trinity (which the Muhammadans do not acknowledge).
Ag akna', Having a Roman or hawk-nose. Very opulent.
A'; ikiri, (1v of s;) Being deserted, uninhabited. Going
down into a desert unpeopled country. Having strong and
robust (cattle). Being contented. Being poor, reduced to
poverty, empty-bellied. Making a rope of different-sized yarns;
(metaphorically) composing verses concluding with different
vowels or an unequal number of consonants: verses so composed.
14
5 J
half Christians half Muhammadans: also of a wandering tribe in
Egypt, who live under tents, supposed to be those whose mode
of living is imitated by the European Egyptians or Gipsies.
A e; akwad, (A horse, camel, &c.) having a long neck or
back. Eminent, raised high. Strong-necked (mam). Greedy,
stingy, of his victuals; one who, whilst eating, looks not around,
that he may avoid seeing or inviting any one to partake. Along
mountain. A led horse trotting well.
Ay;" ikwirr, (1x of 253) Being slender. Being fat. Being
wrinkled. Being altered, varied. Being destitute (of plants).
A cl iki-arna (or -), Great misfortunes.
A J akwas, Difficult (time). Crook-backed. High (sand
hill). Far (country). Long (day). L-3' us- A misfortune.
P J akush, A lion. A tiger. A leopard. ...A panther.
A 3. akwut, (pl. of kt) Plains, or grounds, where they
collect together dates or grain in heaps.
A ;" akwa. A chiromancer, fortune-teller, a physiogno
mist. One versed in tracing the causes or effects of things.
A *; akiram, More or most right or just.
A akira', More or most strong, powerful, firm, robust,
valiant. '" us; akwa allah, May God strengthen, or confirm.
A akiciya, (pl. of s; kawiy) Strong, powerful, firm.
A 43' ak-h (by metathesis for 3's kh) Obedience.
A \ ik-h, (1v of us) Being averse from, loathing. Ren
dering averse. Drinking incessantly. Obeying (the king).
A j ik-hr, (1v of P) Finding one conquered. Having one's
allies defeated. Yielding, returning to a state of subjection.
A J" ik-hl, (1v of J) Interfering in what one has no con
cern. Staining or bedaubing one's self.
A ik-ham, (1v of **) Having no appetite. Loathing, ab
horring. Wishing for meat. Being serene (the sky).
A -) ak-hab, Of a dark brown colour. Jl a! ak

A -; akirb, (pl. of ~); kub) Chickens, young birds.
A-3 akrt, (pl. of 3 kt) Victuals, aliments.
Aj akwis, (pl. of 5; kawz) Round heaps of sand.
A J-F akws, (pl. of U-5; kaws) Bows for shooting arrows;
also bows for separating cotton. Arches. Cubits. Dates re
maining at the bottom of a store-house.
A}} akicit, (pl. ofk; kl) Flocks. Hundreds of sheep.
A t;" akirt, (pl. of {} kr) Plains, level grounds. (pl. of
kara) Places where they collect together dates or grain.
r 3; akwak, The white Indian poplar.
A.J.; akwal, (pl. of J; kawl) Words, sayings, opinions.
Agreements, (pl. of C-5 kayl) Kings of the Himyarit Arabs,
(whose words all obey). SeeJl. J\}) J.' (A son of words)
*ent Ju- ~342 J); Words full of sincerity.
A '; akiram, (pl. of kaicm) Peoples, nations, men (the
human species, including women). Some, certain people. Name
of a race of people who lived in Egypt in the ninth century,
habni, The elephant and the buffalo.
A "*" iky-a, (1v of ) Making one to vomit.
A c" akyd, (pl. of 3.5 kayd) Fetters, chains, straps, belts,
or ligaments of anything. Rules, regulations, compacts, bar
gains, articles of agreement. Restrictions, modifications.
Als akyz, (pl. of A kaya) Midsummers, from the rising
of the Pleiades to the rising of Canopus.
A Jl akyl, (pl. of J. Kayl) Kings of the Himyarit Arabs
(whose words all obey); this is one of the most noble of the
tribes of Arabia Felix, and their kings before Muhammad were
very powerful; they had a language and character different
from the other Arabians, which has been long lost; Al Bergendi
relating, that, in the city of Samarcand, there was an inscription
in this language over one of the gates, which, many hundred
years ago, nobody could understand.
A J akyan, (pl. of c kayn) Blacksmiths.
G J-y ikyanos, (Qxsav;) The ocean,
U
 ~s)
r T k, Calamity, misfortune. Vice, defect.
A c" akk, Warm, sultry (day).
A $" ik (or ce.'S' ik-at), (1v of **) Putting a man in fear,
frightening, terrifying.
A 2% akbir, (pl. of r akbar) The rich, powerful, gran
dees, nobles. J- 2.2% akbir wa asighir, Great and small.
A 3-S) ikhat, (iv. of c3) Conquering in battle, subduing.
Giving, bestowing. Immerging in water, or burying in the
earth. Penetrating, piercing, and leaving a mark. Ruining.
A J-S." Al akhil, Name of a place in Hijz.
A cikd, A rope, a belt, a girth.
A well akdd, (Men) dispersed here and there.
A S$) akasib, (pl. of 3,3% uksubat) Lies.
PJ akr, A vine-dresser.
AJl akkr, A farmer, a husbandman, a tiller of the ground.
A j ikarat, (1v of j) Walking fast.
A. 3,3 akkrat, (pl. of A$"akkr) Tillers of the ground.
P J7 akris (or J akaris), A mushroom, a toad-stool.
A. J akaris (or J akaris), (pl. of J kirs) Pigeon
houses. Strings (of pearls or other beads). Roots, origins.
Chalks, limes. Adjoining houses. Strata upon strata (of dung).
A 8.2% akari, (pl. of 8% kurt) The smaller parts of the
legs of sheep or oxen. The feet of sheep or such animals. The
feet of locusts. The extremities of any thing, the remoter ex
tremities of the earth, the rocky projections of mountains.
A akarim, (pl. of akram) The most noble, grandees.
P J7 akrish (or U-43), Puffs, toad-stools, mushrooms.
P Jj akarikun, Stone of the wild-olive.
A 3-3 iksat, (iv of L-3) Having ingenious children.
H &QU-87 iks-diha, (s ) A light-house.
A y- Akasirah, (pl. of ** kisra') The Khosroes, kings
of Persia, a family title, like the Caesars or the Ptolemies.
A akasim, (pl. of *:-} kaysum) (Gardens) full of herbs.
A 33) ikf or uk, The pack-saddles or dorsers of asses,
mules, or horses; (not of camels).
A -33) akkf, One who makes or vends pack-saddles.
A JST akal, (pl. of JST kil) Chiefs of the people or tribes.
A C" akl, Meat, food. Ukl, The itch. A disease inci
dent to a she-camel, from having a hairy foetus in her womb.
A C" akkl, Eating. Corrosive, caustic. A glutton.
A cl aklib, (pl. of ~$ kalb) Dogs.
* * ! akam, A mushroom, a fungus.
A. c akam, (pl. of &S) akamat) Hills, heights, or rising
grounds. Heaps of stones, or earth.
p & "S" akmah, (Sheeps) puddings stuffed.
A * 'S' akamim, (pl. of * kimm) Follicles of unblown flowers.
A & "S" ikanat, (1v of e) Humiliating, depressing.
P J:s akhuli, Name of an Indian plant.
C7 akub (or -$7 kup), The inside of the mouth.
146 ~<\
A \ akb, (pl. of us kib) The sweepings of a house.
A cs\ikbb, (iv of 3 kabba) Falling prostrate. Throw
ing down. Turning towards a place.
A cus" ikbat, (iv of $) Afflicting, vexing.
A c ikbah, (1v of **) Pulling the bridle, checking a
horse. Being eminent, conspicuous, sublime.
A 2'-3" akbd, (pl. of A$ kabad) Livers, hearts. The vaults
(of heaven). The middles or handles of bows. Name of a
mountain. J <!" ri People resort to (him) from
all quarters, Ikbd, (1v of A.S.) Wounding in the liver.
AJs" ikbar, (1v ofJ) Appearing great. Considering any
thing as great. Brooking ill. Extolling, magnifying. Hap
pening. Being, or becoming great. Alvum deponens (puer),
menstrua excernens (mulier), sperma profundens (vir).
A J akbash, (pl. of U.S kabsh) Rams.
A J ikban, (1v of J) Restraining (the tongue).
A t akbah, Strong (camel).
A M akbad, Corpulent, especially about the middle. Slow
paced. Thick-handled (bow).
Ax akbar, Greater, greatest. Supreme. J &" God is
most powerful. Akbar, Name of a famous emperor of Hind
stn, who reigned from 1555 to 1605, being the lineal ancestor
(in the ninth generation) to Shh Aalam, the late great Mogul.
P cl Akbar-abad, Name of the city of Agra.
A 52% ikbirrat, The nearest kindred, in the first order of re
lationship.
A ** Akbirah, Name of a place in Arabia.
A -52% akbari, Name of a gold coin (in India) equal to seven
Spanish reals.
A U- akbas, (A man) having a preposterously-shaped
forehead. Prominentia habens pudenda.
A J' akbush, (pl. of U- kabsh) Rams. Princes (as be
ing the chiefs of their flocks).
A J' ikbinan, (1x of J) Being drawn together.
P \ akbiy, A nerve, a tendon.
A &S) akkat, Heat, warmth.
A us" iktb, (iv of 4) Tying tight (a leathern bottle).
Teaching to write. Dictating, inditing (a poem).
A cus" aktd, (pl. of ~$ katad) The spaces or substances be
tween the shoulders and the back.
Ajs" iktr, (1v of;:S obsol.) Having a great bunch (a camel).
A iktat, (1v of **) Battle, conflict, slaughter.
A saktf (pl. of -is kit) Shoulders. There is a kin"
of divination among the Arabians, called . , The science
of the shoulders; thus named from the shoulder-bones of sheep
(marked with certain characters in geomancy), which are *
ployed in this mode of anticipating the knowledge of futurity.
A j), 3 2 laktf, Name of a Persian king.
A ciktn, (iv of ) Hiding, concealing.
 <-S)
A.. iktiba, (v11.1 of::$) Being perfumed (cloths).
A-3 iktitb, (viii of ~$) Writing, describing, deli
neating. Writing one's name in the muster-roll or army-list.
Being inscribed, enrolled, mustered.
A 2'-3" iktitn, (v111 of ) Concealing. Dissimulation.
A J iktitn, (v11.1 of ej) Adhesion, cohesion.
A Js iktihl, (v11.1 of J) Anointing or rubbing the eyes
with a collyrium or eye-salve. Falling into troubles.
A c iktidah, (v111 of c) Gaining, acquiring.
Ac'x'' iktidid, (v111 of $ kadda) Imposing a task. Being
importunate. Parsimony, scarcity, penury, abstinence.
AJs iktidash, (v11.1 of U-96) Receiving a present.
Ay iktira, (v11.1 of 25) Hiring. Letting on hire.
A -j-" iktirb, (viii of ~5) Sadness, heaviness of heart.
A ~}} iktirs, (v11.1 of ~3) Regard, care, attention.
Aj= iktizz, (v11.1 of;5 ka:2a) Shrivelling from cold.
A U-liktisii, (v111 of ~$) Dressing one's self.
A -- iktisab, (viii of 3) Gain, acquisition.
A t- iktisah, (v11.1 of *) Stripping any one of the whole
of his property.
AA- iktisar, (v11.1 of-3) Breaking in pieces.
A t- iktis, (v111 of t%) Putting his tail between his
legs (a dog). Striking his hips with his tail (a camel).
A g iktixis, (v111 of 3 kazsa) Being unable to breathe
from repletion. Being brim-full (the bed of a river).
A -- akta, Wide-shouldered (man or horse). (A horse)
lame in the shoulder.
Aikt, (viii of J) Sufficing. Being content. Re
sembling.
A s" iktii-a, (v111 of ":3) Inverting (a vessel). Putting a
lid on a saucepan.
Aj iktifir, (viii of, ) Calling (one) an infidel. Cleaving
to the ground.
A J'iktl, (viii of J) Putting something on the hinder
parts of a horse. Taking on one's back. Subsisting on the rem
nant of one's provisions, the first part being already consumed.
Aeliktn, (viii ofe) Coiens cum muliere.
Al-'iktil, (viii of J%) Having a pain in the kidneys.
A k'iktill-a, (viii of "S) Buying on credit. Wishing to
do so. Being on one's guard. Keeping watch. Wakefulness.
A J' iktill, (v11.1 of J$ kalla) Flashing (lightning).
A.. aktam, More or most concealed. Gor-bellied.
A t iktim, (v111 of ) Drinking out of a bottle.
A.J' iktimn, (v11.1 of e) Concealing one's self.
A --; iktanakt, The eagle-stone (supposed to be good
for women in labour).
A.: iktina, (v11.1 of 3-5) Being called by a name which has
naturally another meaning. A figure, metonymy.
Aj. iktinaz, (viii ofJ-5) Being stowed. Compactness.
147 <\
A 3.6 iktina, (viii of -i-S) Encircling. Assisting.
A c-sliktinan, (viii of e kanna) Being hid, concealed.
A s iktinah, (viii of &S) Scrutinizing, getting to the bot
tom of, endeavouring to become thoroughly acquainted with.
P J --~~ *** To penetrate into the true cause.
Alys' iktiw, (v11.1 of ) Searing, cauterizing. Ironing.
Being seared. Stammering. Self-commendation. Anger.
A J" iktihl, (viii of J) Becoming of full age, i.e. be
tween thirty and fifty. Being full grown and flowering (a shrub).
Being filled with flowers (a garden).
Ajs' iktiyar, (v11.1 of 25) Falling down. Preparing to rail
at, or revile. Quickening one's pace. Running with his tail
erect (a horse). Putting on a turban.
Aj iktiys, (v11 of 55) Drinking out of a goblet.
AU-4 iktiyas, (v11.1 of J-3) Hindering one in his work.
A J" iktiyl, (v111 of J) Measuring. Receiving by
In easure.
A iktiym, (v111 of *::) Sitting upon the smaller toes.
A c iktiyn, (v11.1 of c) Being sad and melancholy.
A G" iktit, (x11 of J) Being lavish in self-commendation.
Stammering, stuttering. -- Being filled with rage.
A --S iksab, (iv of -*) Allowing (the hunter) to advance
near to them (wild beasts or other game).
a -3" iksis, (iv of ~$ kassa) Having a thick beard.
A j iksar, (Iv of A) Increasing, multiplying. Enriching.
Desiring, or taking much. Abounding in money, flocks, &c.
Flowering (the palm-tree). Being very talkative. Eloquence.
A -' iksam, (1v of ) Filling (a bottle). Approaching near
to the hunter (wild beasts or other game). Retiring and con
cealing one's self (at home).
A & aksihat, (pl. of kasib) Hills or heaps of sand.
AA$" aksar, More or most numerous, copious, plentiful. More,
many, frequent, the most part. For the most part, in general.
Some, certain (men). 9, 2% Often, generally, frequently.
.4 aksarz (or \A$"), More copious, for the most part.
A s aksas, (A man) having turgid lips, or gums full of blood.
A 2:5" aksam, Wide, broad (way). Large-bellied (man).
Full, replete, saturated. A proper name.
A ~<! aksut (or - kusus), Dodder.
P * akaj, A species of wild apple, a medlar. (See 3)
P #7 kich, Sheep's guts stuffed with minced meat and rice.
A J ik-hal, (1v of J) Being covered for the first time
with green herbage (ground).
p * akah (*i a k-haj, or 3i akakh.) A decoction.
a -3% ak-hat, Short, squab, dwarfish (man).
A J* ak-hal, Having black eye-lashes. Black-eyed. J
a! ak-hal, The middle vein of the arm. A chrysoprasus.
z --
A e';*) uk-huwn, (equivalent to els") Camomile.
U 2
 _5\
A "*" ikd, (iv of 325) Producing (plants) slowly (grounds).
Producing no gems (mines). Finding (the soil) hard when dig
ging, coming to a more solid stratum. Finding one inexorable,
when asking a favour. Repelling, averting. Stinginess, avarice.
A res" ikdh, (iv of c) Providing victuals (for a family).
A Sl akdd, Swift (men). Ikdd, (1v of $ kadda) Im
posing a burden or task. Being importunate.
AJ'A$" akdr, (pl. of yes kadar) Troubles, difficulties, cares.
A J-'9% akdas, (pl. of U-23 kuds) Stacks of corn. Heaps of
snow. Piles of anything. Hills, hillocks.
A 33% ikd, (1v of 335) Striking with his hoofs (a horse).
A c ikdam, (1v of **) Being firmly bound (a prisoner)
by agreement, or parole.
Ayes' akdar, Dark-coloured. (A stream) gliding over the feet of sheep, or such cattle; also of locusts. Extremities. Remo
surface of the ground. A man's name. Je".<-- Wild asses. ter extremities of the earth. The rocky projections of mountains.
A & 29) al akdariyat, The spouse, mother, grandfather, ru-3; akris, (equivalent to J-35 karas) Parsley.
grandmother, uncle, sister-germain, &c. (with whatever belongs
to them in a family or legal sense).
p L.A.S" ikdash, Of a mixed breed; illegitimate. A mistress.
A -3S"ikzb, (1v of ~3%) Detecting a lie. Compelling one
to lie. Proving one to be a liar.
A&:35 uksubat, A lie, a falsehood.
Aft akr, Digging, delving. Ukar, (pl. of 5A ukrat) Ditches.
* A akar, Wood of aloes.
A j ikra, (iv of 25) Hiring, letting. Delaying (supper).
Lengthening (a discourse). Being increased, augmented. Being
diminished, decreased.
A ~); ikrab, (1v of 3) Afflicting, troubling, vexing, dis
tressing. Hastening. Tying a rope to a bucket. <<!- &-
khus rijlayka bill ikrb, Bestir yourself.
A c," ikrs, (iv of cs) Oppressing, afflicting, giving
pain. Being extremely sad.
A z ikraj, (1v of *A) Being corrupted, mouldy (bread).
A C akrah, (pl. of cA kirh) Hermits cells.
A SA Akrd, (pl. of SS Kurd) The Curds, a people inha
biting part of Chaldea, Assyria, and Mesopotamia.
Ay" akrar, (pl. of karr) Carpets or cushions on which they
kneel at prayer. Ropes which fasten together the wooden bars
in camel's saddles; also the trusses or loads which they carry on
each side. Ikrar, The herb turnsoil. A kind of precious stone.
A U-A" akras, (pl. of J kirs) Adjoining houses. Dove
cotes. Strings of pearls or other beads in the form of a chain.
Roots, origins. Quick-limes. Dungs of animals, consisting of
different strata, and adhering together. Ikras, (1v of J)
Adorning with a chain (a beast of burthen). Putting (a pigeon)
into a pigeon-house. Having a house full of the dung of cattle.
A JA ikrash, (1v of J) Stuffing the paunch.
A t;" ikrat, (rs of &A) Exposing (itself) to be taken, afford
ing a fair mark (as game to the hunter). Drinking water (lying
on the belly) without the aid of vessel or hands. Watering camels.
148 J-5)
A A ikrf, (1v of 3) Being corrupted, rotten (egg).
Smelling (as the male does to the female).
A ikram, (1v of A) Honouring, respecting, venerating.
Respect, observance. Begetting a noble, liberal-minded off.
spring. Giving in great abundance whatever is proper for the
support and comfort of life. Speaking nobly and excellently.
A sys" ikrah, (1v of *A) Forcing against one's will. Aversion,
horror, abomination, disgust, abhorrence.
A & akribat, (pl. of &; kurabat) Dates which are gathered
from the roots of the branches after the clusters are cut off.
A 5K" ukrat, A well, or ditch, dug for agricultural purposes.
A &A akrat, Having slender limbs. Akrut, (pl.of 8% kurt)
The smaller parts of the legs of sheep, or of the cow-kind. The
A akram, More noble, great, or benign; greatest, supreme.
G u- akrus, (Kaguros) A walnut-tree.
A &e;" ukrumat, Honour, glory, nobility, grandeur, genero
sity, liberality, benignity, beneficence, clemency, grace, goodness.
P &;" ikrhat (or &A akruhak) A kind of Persian gum
or balsam, excellent for the closing of wounds.
T A Ikrit, The island of Crete or Candy.
Aj' iksas, (iv of 5 kassa) Affecting with intense cold.
A ikram, (1v of ) Being contracted within one's self.
Eating to satiety. Eating unpeeled fruit.
A ak-am, Short-lipped (horse). Short-nosed, short-armed
(man). e aksamu' banan, Close-fisted, avaricious.
P | akus, A stone-cutter's chissel.
A U.S. akass, (A man) having short teeth.
A * $ iks-a, (iv of ) Following, going after.
A c-s" iksd, (1v of A-S) Being dull, languid (the market).
Exposing (goods) to sale in such a market.
A_\- aksar, (pl. of ~$ kisr) The lower parts of tents, or
the flaps next to the ground, in which are openings for the con
-
veniency of going in and out. Extremities of the body, and of
the joints. Bones with little flesh upon them. The elbow-bones.
Bow-strings, with which they separate cotton.
A J-$ iksil, (iv of J-5) Making lazy. Laziness, sloth,
torpor. Rem habens cum muliere, non emittendo in coitu Seme"
r &-ST akastah, Bound, tied.
A < aksah, Weak, powerless in the hands and feet, la".
unable to move from a place.
A t-S) aksat. (A horse) marked with white spots. (A bird)
having white feathers under the tail.
P - uksub (or ex- uksun), Satin, particularly a black
kind (worn by princes).
A ex- iksun, A species of brocade.
r &_ST akasah, Suspended, hanging, adhering.

A u- aksa', Better dressed. Giving more liberally. Pre
senting an extraordinary number of dresses to a person, by way
of honouring him. &a. cr \ More clothed than an onion.
A ...} aksiyat, (pl. of \-5 kis) Clothes, robes, dresses.
2-3 iksir, An elixir, the philosopher's stone. Essence.
A to another the administration of one's affairs. Taking surety.
&- 2-3) The elixir of life or prosperity (a book so called).
P 4-3 aksiyah, A general name for malt-liquor.
A sliksh-a, (iv of t 5) Dressing (meat) till it is dry.
A 2:5 ikshd, (iv of A-5) Purifying (butter).
A jiksh; (iv of ~ies) Having she-camels which take
the male when pregnant, or two years successively.
* <! akashtah, Strong, firm. Fastened, chained. Full.
A -it aksha, Bald on the forehead. Having no helmet
or shield in battle. Having the hair on the forehead twisted.
A aksham, Labouring under a defect of the body. Er
roneous in calculation. A kind of wolf, an animal engendered
between a wolf and a hind, spotted, and extremely swift.
A ~}: ukshut, Flax-seed.
A 9-9 Akshawsa, Name of a country.
...A J2-3 ikss, (iv of L kassa) Being put to flight.
A akram, (pl. of * kazm) Restraints. Mouths.
A ikaab, (iv of C-S) Making haste. Ordering to
utake haste. Having a fast-going beast.
Aj. ikr, (iv of A$) Becoming swag-bellied (a boy). Be
coming fat in the bunch (a young camel).
A t iktt; (iv of 85 katta) Making afraid. Restraining,
checking, repressing.
A 3% iktf (1v of i) Rushing with rapidity. Going
away swelling with rage. Sitting down.
A J iktn, (1v of ej) Remission of alacrity, languor.
A ~< akaub, (pl. of -kaab) Heels, the projecting bones
at the juncture of the leg and foot. The tops of the feet.
A-suku, (pl. of -3% ikf) Pack-saddles for horses, mules, ing without usury. Paying (a debt) before it is due. Draw
Or asses,
* -i akuff, (pl. of C kaff) Hands. Palms of the hands.
A $. iki-a, (1v of ) Overturning, turning down in order tating, provoking.
to empty (a vessel). Filling (a vessel). Inclining the upper
part of a bow, so as not to make it perpendicular, when shooting.
Adding more skirts or folds to a tent. Giving away whatever a
149
\\\
which the riders sit: cloths put under the yokes of oxen. Those
who fast continually. Those who keep in the rear of an en
gagement to be ready for flight. (pl. of J kafal) The hinder
parts, the buttocks (of a horse). Ikal, (1v of J) Entrusting
Educating, bringing up.
r 3) akit (or <-357 kut), Grief, sorrow, affliction.
A *
akfah, Black.
A J.S. akfus, Deviating from the right way.
p s Akdah, The Caspian Sea.
A y ikihrar, (Iv of A Q) Being of an iron-colour. Look
ing grim.
p !,3] akakra (or !,33 akalkara), Pellitory. Dranculus.
A JS 1 akal, More or most voracious.
AJST kil, (part.) Eating, devouring, corroding, consuming.
A tyrant (as devouring his subjects). 3-5 JST kil nafsahu,
Self-devouring : a kind of gum, euphorbium.
:: A J akala, (fut. J% 3ya-kulu) He ate.
:k A J akila, (fut. J". ga-kalu) (The tooth) wore away.
A JS) akl (from JS), An eating, a gnawing. A grazing, a
pasturing. Consumption, corrosion. Gain, acquisition. , JS)
<-2,+ aki wa shurb, Meat and drink. Ukl, Victuals, provisions.
Fruit of trees (as dates, &c.). Density or firmness (of cloth or
paper). Prudence, understanding. JS) 33 zu ukl, Fortunate,
possessed of the comforts of life. AS) s inkatata ukluhu, His
victuals failed him, (metaphorically) he died.
A ikl, (1v of J%) Having a pain in the kidneys.
A "&" akla-a, Lasting long, prolonging. Jax') \;\ &\!" *
May God prolong thy life to the end of time.
A \$) ikl-a, (1v of WS) Grazing (a camel). Abounding
in pasture (land). Turning (the face) again and again. Lend
ing to the close (of life). Being afflicted.
A -\S) iklb, (1v of 43) Having furious (camels). Irri
A c iklh, (1v of 2*). Looking austere. Rendering austere.
A 8% iklt, (1v of s) Making dirty, soiling.
J iklal, (1v of J$ kalla) Fatiguing, jading. Having a
A

camel produces in a year (as her colt, hair, or milk). Dividing jaded camel. Bringing on a dimness of sight (much weeping).
a stock of she-camels into two classes, that the first class may be A 4% aklub, (1v of 4% kalb) Dogs. Name of a place.
impregnated one year, and the other the next; so that every A & ST kilat, Flocks pasturing. Subjects.
camelmay rest a season. Composing verses which end with dif A VSA aklat, One meal. Iklat, Calumniating the absent, secret
ferent vowels or consonants (a poet). Verses so composed. detraction. Pruriency, irritation. Eating. Corrosion or rust.
A. c ilfah, (1v of 2% Drawing in or checking with the ex-- Eating in a graceful manner.
Manner of eating, as &\S)
bridle, bridling a horse. Uklat, One mouthful. Akalat, (pl. of JST akil) Eaters, con
Aj ikar, (iv of, ) Calling another a 3% kfir, or infidel SulnerS. J &\S) ** hum akalat ra-s, They are few ; such as
Making one an infidel. Cleaving to the earth. may be satisfied with one head or one sheep. Akilat, (A came!)
A J all, (pl. of U kil) Cloths put on camels' backs, on having a hairy foetus; also one troubled with the mange.
 ~ 15()
Ajj iklizz, (1x of j) Being drawn together. Hovering
over its prey (a hawk).
A v.4% aklas, (A horse) of a brown colour.
A isl aklaf, (A man, or camel) of a dark red colour.
A 2'-3" iklindd, (111 of ex's 9) Being hard and thick (ca
mel). Being contracted together. Refusing.
A 4.57 akilah, A cancer.
Ajj iklizaz, (x1 of A$) Being very much contracted.
A J4% iklil, A crown, diadem, chaplet, wreath, or garland.
The capsule of any flowering shrub. The white of the eye.
Flesh growing about the root of the nails. A cloud which ap
pears to be covered with a membrane or gauze. J- J" The
crown of the mountain, an herb smelling like frankincense, rose
mary. J. J.'s The royal crown, the herb melilot. J
Js' Seed of an Indian plant. J" Name of the 27th lunar
mansion; also of a place in Hamadn.
A. &S ikllat, A circle. c-s J.S The ladies' gar
land, a small circle made of cloth, &c. which milk-maids and
others put upon their heads to carry their milking pails, &c.
A J iklily, Belonging to a crown or garland. Any thing
with which garlands or crowns are made.
P ex-37 akliyn, A kind of stuff made entirely of silk or of
velvet, worked with flowers and other figures.
A akam or ukam, (pl. of 3.3" akamat) Hills. Heaps of stones.
A V.S. ikm-a, (1v of V.5) Eating mushrooms, or giving them
to be eaten. Abounding with mushrooms. Growing old.
A as ikml, (iv of ~1%) Being of a dark bay-colour.
A c ikmah, (Iv of 2*) Pulling the reins (to make a horse
hold up his head, or stop). Beginning to shoot forth leaves (a
vine). Being conspicuous, rising up, appearing aloft.
A. z ikmakh, (1v of *)Sitting in state. Pride.
A s ikmd, (iv of ~$) Leaving clothes dirty (a fuller).
A J ikmash, (iv of L) Tying a camel's teats together.
r akmk (or J' akml), A vomiting. A vomit.
A J ikml, (iv of Ja) Perfecting, completing,
855. accom
plishing. Perfection, completion, fulfilment, consummation.
A akmam, (pl. of 3 kimm) The cups, follicles, or out
ward leaves of young unblown flowers. (pl. of kumm) Sleeves.
Ikmm, (1v of * kamma) Producing follicles (a tree). Making
sleeves (to a garment).
A ea ikman, (1v of er) Laying snares.
A & Akmal, Name of a place. Akamat, A hill, a bank.
A heap of stones. Rising ground.
A & akimmat, (pl. of kimm) Sacks with provender, which
they hang under the mouths of horses; nose-bags. The follicles,
or cups, which contain the young leaves of flowers, rose-buds, or
pods of the palm-flowers.
A ~$ ikmit, (ix of --~~$) Being chesnut-coloured.
A u- akmas (or Ja akmash), One who can scarcely see.
S\
A J akmash, Short-footed.
A Ja akmal, More or most perfect, entire, full, complete.
A&S) akmaliyat, A state of the greatest perfection.
A}<! akmu-a, (pl. of s kam-a) Mushrooms.
Aey';* ikmubaran, (or ejer) The herb vervain.
A S) akmah, Blind from the birth.
A "** ikmihdad, (iv of ts oj Raising its head (a chick).
A Jikmihlal, (iv of J q) Cowering down from cold.
A U.S. ikn, (iv of 3-5) Expressing any thing by a word which
has naturally another meaning. An allusion, figure, metonymy.
A .S. iknb, (iv of 4) Growing hard (the hand). Con
stipation. Retention (of the tongue). Silence. A solecism,
A J iknash, (iv of J) Ordering one to make haste, or
to hurry away from any thing.
A ** ikmat,(1v of **) Contracting the wings (as an eagle
when descending). Being submissive, supplicant. Convening,
assembling (people). Bringing near. Asking.
A 3.5" akn, (pl. of -3.5 kana) Parts, sides, environs,
quarters, tracts. Shares. Shadows. Birds' wings. Protections,
guardianships. Ikn, (iv of -s) Receiving under protection.
Preserving. Assisting.
p e aknan, A cavern, a subterraneous vault, a dungeon.
A. J' akman, (pl. of e kinn) Veils, umbrellas, shades, or
coverings, under which any thing is kept, sheltered, or preserved.
Asylums. Middles of houses. Name of a valley near Mecca.
Ikman, (Iv ofe; kanna) Concealing in one's mind.
A U.S. ikmah, (1 v of 4.5) Arriving at the summit or last stage of.
A & uknat, (for &3, wuknat) A bird's nest.
A &S" akinnat, (pl. ofe; kinn) Veils. (See J aknan.)
r x.57 akand, A suety pudding. A pond of stagnant water.
p :-37 akandah, A stable, a stall for cattle.
A s aknae, Unfit for business. Disabled in the hand.
P c aknun, Now, at this time, already. Whether. There
fore. For, still. But, however.
p;37 aku, An owl. A bird of ill omen.
A s";% ikw-a, (1v of $) Prohibiting, intimidating.
A ';S) akicb, (pl. of ; kb) Cups, goblets (such parti
cularly as have neither handles nor spouts).
A c ikwah, (1v of c;%) Conquering in battle. Giving.
A t akwkh, (pl. of t kkh or &# kkh) Cottages (those
especially which are made of reeds, and have no windows).
A 2',3' akwid, (pl. of se; kawdat) Heaps (of earth).
Aj akwr, Having the tip of the nose large and swelling.
(pl. of 25 kawr) Herds of camels, or oxen, from 150 to 200 and
upwards. (pl. of J; kur) Camels' saddles. Smiths' forges.
Wasps' nests. Ikwr, (iv of 5%) Trotting briskly.
Aj akwis, (pl. of 55 kx) Cups, goblets, tankards.
AJ-l ikwas, (1v of J-3) Throwing prostrate. Making (a
camel) go on three legs. Cheapening, bating down the price.
Pe Akwn, Name of a demon destroyed by Rustam.
 t 151
A. e; akwn, (pl. ofe; kawn) Worlds. Existences.
rz;7 kj, A kind of wild apple, a medlar. A hook, a perch.
ru akush, A belt, a girdle.
A akwat, (A man) having a distorted wrist.
A j akwal, Ground spreading in the form of hills. Akul (or
Jl akkal), Devouring, consuming, corroding. A glutton.
Alaklat, (A sheep) separated from a flock in order to
be fattened. A fattened sheep.
A akwam, High, exalted. The part below the breast.
A eas; ikwihdad, (1v of As; Q) Fluttering, trembling (as
a young bird in the nest when about to be fed).
A J ikwilal, (x1 of JK) Being short.
A\{lik-h, (iv of J) Abstaining (from meat). Warming
the fingers with the breath.
A cik-hd, (iv of A$) Being tired. Fatiguing. Making run.
A ik-ham, (1v of r) Being weak, heavy, dull.
A - ak-hab, (A camel) of a dark red or brown colour.
A J ak-ha', Having pimples on the face.
(A stone) solid,
free from fissure or flaw.
Weak, languid, pusillanimous.
A-Liky!, (iv of 3) Having ingenious children.
A t akyah, (pl. of c kh or ** kih) The broader parts,
sides, or declivities of mountains.
Aj akyr, (pl. of 25 kir) Bellows. Lords, masters.
A v akyas, (pl. ofu-3 k?s) Purses. (pl. of U-5 kayyis)
Sagacious, ingenious, prudent. Ikyas, (1v of U-3) Having in
genious promising children.
A J akysh, Wool or silk twice spun; also, the refuse.
A J akyl, (pl. of J.5 kil) Measures (of grain).
A Jikyn, (iv of J) Humbling, abasing.
A. & akyah, Rough, hairy. Gross, thick.
A P. & akikh, A sausage. The intestines, guts. A nerve,
tendon. Cat-gut. Lute, harp, or fiddle-strings.
A 33 akid, Strong, brave, valiant. Wehement, rigorous.
Constant, severe, unalterable. ** > A. Strong and valiant.
Bravely, gallantly. Severely. In every manner. Repeatedly.
Av-akyas, More or most prudent, sagacious, ingenious.
* U.S. kish, Suspended. Despised, disdained.
A akik, Warm, hot, sultry (day).
A.J." akil, An eater. Any thing eatable, food. A boarder,
*"ow-commoner, mess-mate.
A * akilat, Meat, food (of wild beasts).
*** Ukaynat, Name of one of Muhammad's adherents.
r f g, Name of a milky tree which grows in India, of
"Poisonous quality. (in ancient Persian) Wheat.
f sft agh (or \e *T agh-dr), Aware, wary. Intelli
gent, knowing, acquainted with. Vigilant, attentive. A mes
*ger. Agil (or Js aghi), Notice, news, indication,
information. Providence, care. J** s\{T agh shudan, To
be certified or informed, to be aware of. eye slt agah
"an, To provide, to be careful. sv n-gh, Unawares.
c
res aghndan (e.-- *7, or J s'T), To in
dicate, inform, signify, announce, certify. To warn.
p, s 7 agh, Wariness, caution, notice, intelligence.
Attention, vigilance. Jz JbT To be careful, provident.
re-s ghdan, To caution, inform, admonish, or rouse.
To follow, imitate. To be acquainted. To be admonished.
P *
agaj, A hook, crook, perch. A long pole with an iron
hook, used by ice-house people, in breaking, and pulling to the
banks, ice from rivers, and other pieces of water. Grappling irons.
p f ag-haj, A drink composed of water and syrup.
p agadah, Filled, stuffed, crammed.
p;7 agar, The buttocks, the anus.
Pj| agar, If; although; unless; nevertheless; notwithstand
ing; if so be ; forasmuch as. Igir (or ugir) Sweet-scented flag.
p!;" ugra, Gruel, pottage.
P " ugrah (or y), Oblong slices of paste, dressed with, or
made into, soup; a kind of honey-cakes; maccaroni, vermicelli.
P ~~5 agar-chand, Although, nevertheless. (See A-A)
p <s.\ agar-chah, Although, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
P aft agar-nah, Otherwise.
P ~5 agirift, A certain number of crimes.
P s;" Agrah, One of the greatest cities in India, once the capital
of Hindustn Proper. It was the seat of the empire under the
great Akbar, who reigned from 1555 to 1605. It is frequently
from thence called el, 3 Akbar-bd, The residence of Akbar.
P w agriyun, The itch, the scab. Pruriency.
r s" agast, The star Canopus.
P | agsah, Pulling with the fingers. Hanging by, striking
the nails into any thing.
r &T agashtah, Wetted. Smeared. Mixed. Agishtah,
Firmly bound.
6 c)\ agaliyn (Evayymoy) The gospel.
p cT gan, Repletion. The stuffing of a pillow. A stuffer.
P c-si agam-balin, Flocks of wool,or other stuff with which
they fill cushions, pillows, or saddles.
27
P gi aganj. A sausage. A grappling iron. Flocks (of wool,
&c.) for stuffing cushions, pillows, saddles, &c.
P aganj, A low wart upon the face.
rligand. He filled. Filled. Impletion.
re-T agandan, To fill, stuff, cram. To bury, inter. Inter
ment, funeral preparation or apparatus. To extol. To take, re
ceive. To throw away, reject. To fall.
r &&T agandah, Filled, completed. Any thing stuffed or
crammed. A sausage. A manger, stable. Large, fat. Flou
rishing, cultivated. six.37 **pashm-igandah, Stuffed with wool.
s&T gsht-igandah, Full of flesh. A stable, or stall.
J s. T gandah Kardan, to fill. To bury.
****T gandah-khk, stuffed with dir.
 J) 152 \\
P Js&T agandah-gosh, Deaf. Hardened in wickedness. grief). Raising the voice in prayer, or in affliction. Being cor
p J.T ganish, Stuffing (of cotton or wool). rupted (water). Making a sound, like water in its course. (A
P v agnish, The subversion of an edifice. horse) erecting his ears into a point. (A hawk) refusing to hunt
r &T ginah, Stuffing, lining. or to approach the game. Ill, A treaty, an oath (by which it is
P e-T gnidan, To stuff, to fill, to cram. confirmed). Near, neighbouring. Propinquity, affinity, rela.
p **:37 agnidah, Stuffed, crammed. tionship. Relations. An excellent race, origin, family. Mine
P t;" gj, A perch, a hook, a grappling-iron. rals. Enmity, hatred. God : and with the article, Deus optimus
maximus. A God the best, the greatest.
r);7 gr (or;7 gur), A burnt brick.
p 7 il, Contaminating. Contaminated. A contaminator,
PJy" agsh (or Js ghosh), An embrace. The bosom.
A divorce. A flame of fire. A mixed colour.
As much as the arms can contain. A bundle (of wood). A side.
A T l, (pl. of , al) Benefits, favours. Kindnesses,
A margin. A servant, a slave.
P e agshidan, To embrace. To appear. To be A || ala, A benefit, a grace, a favour.
A ) al, Name of a tree used in thickening or tanning leather
born. To be cleft (the earth).
(under which demons are supposed to assemble). A kind of
P e gn, Inverted, reversed.
Contrary.
r &T gah (for *T agh), Intelligent, conscious, wise, wary. wild gourd, the colocynth.
A \a'l, Is it not Up! Away! Come along! Holla! Ho!
r & agah (or & agyah), A file. A rib.
J agahi, Knowledge, wisdom. Wariness.
Well done! Prythee! Know for sure. Verily, indeed, forsooth.
A il (for), al), (pl. of \3 z) These, they. (For J ila'),
P U-37 gish, Suspended. Drawn out. To, until, towards, at, with.
P e;|.T gln, Flowered silk of Damascus. AU' al-, (pl. of -s la-y) Wild oxen.
P e-T gin, Stuffing (of pillows, cushions, pack-saddles, &c.). A ) all (for Je' an la) That not. Lest.
Fat. (in comp.) Filled : as c T -- tambar-agin, Filled with A " all, A vender offat of sheep's tails. The fat of those tails.
amber. c- ,-83 An ornament set with gems. A "ill (for le in la), Unless, except, besides, unless that.
P JT al, Fraud, treachery, deceit, circumvention, over-reach
\, tra illa, And if not, otherwise, yet, nevertheless.
ing, art, cunning, deception, stratagem, plot, snare. A whale. A s!' il-a, (iv. of s) Falling into misfortunes.
A fatal disorder to which women are liable till the ninth day after A " Alab, Name of a place near Madina.
their confinement. A ditch, wall, rampart. Laughing, prone A " alabib, (pl. of ~! lubb) Kernels, hearts, the best
to laughter, cheerful, festive, joyous, merry. Fiery red, reddish parts of any thing. (pl. of " albub) The heart-strings, veins
yellow, shining, carnation. A wound made by a spear or battle or roots of the heart, or pericardium.
axe. A kind of forceps or pincers, notched or teethed. The ap A f alt, (pl. of JT alat) Instruments, utensils, appara
pearance of something resembling water on sandy plains, ex
tus, tools, arms, harness. --> <-T lt-i bayt, Household
haled by the heat of the sun at mid-day; it looks like the sea at
furniture. P .<-27 alt-i shikam, The bowels.
a distance, and is called --> sarab. The sides of a mountain.
A quick hasty step. Noise, clamour, shouting, A " ilt (and & iltat), (from c-") Defrauding one of
Tent-poles.
groaning. Beauty of person. High. A royal mark or signa his right, cheating him of a debt. Detaining, retaining. Re
ture, prefixed to diplomas. A-a-.JT A kind of fish. moving, averting. Exacting an oath, compelling one to swear,
A JT al, Offspring, posterity, progeny, descendants, family, and to be bound by his oath.
house, race, dynasty. Je JT The posterity of Osmn or A ) ult, (pl. fem. of,3 zil) Having, being possessed of
Othmn (ausmn) the first king of the Turks, the royal family of A & iltat, (iv of ) Detaining, retaining,
Constantinople, e-Jus ex-J (orJ-J *A*.J7), re:-JT ljak, A kind of tent, covered with a strong species
The august and victorious house of Osmn. e). J7 The fa of cloth; cottages after the Tartar fashion.
mily of Amrn. As J7 Perfidious. L-A JT Name of a snowy P J-7| alachi (b Q-Tifs), Small cardamoms.

mountain in Sart.
A 3-), ilhat, (iv ofc) Shining, flashing (as lightning, a rich
A J) al, The Arabic article answering to the.
p J) Il, God.
habit, a sword). Going away (with what one owes). Taking,
A J all, (from J) allu) Going quick, hastening. Shining carrying off. Ruining, destroying. Fearing, shunning, avoiding:
A \-~!" Al ahs, Name of a city in the country of Bahryn.
(colour). Being disturbed, disordered, frightened, put into con
fusion, abashed by the interjection J Woe! Pushing, impel r_VT Alr, Name of the founder of a religious sect.
p e Alryn, The disciples or followers of Ajr,
ling, wounding, piercing (with a javelin, called 4/- harbah).
Sewing or quilting (a garment). Groaning (from sickness or ru-JT las, A live coal.
 \\
A 2" ilsat, (1v of J) Turning about, or from anything.
Being terrified, trembling.
G J altn, (E'adin) Bind-weed, ivy, dog-burr, buck
wheat, convolvulus magicus.
A 3-) iltat, (iv of & 3) Being black or discoloured (a nipple).
A i al, (pl. of -]) al) Thousands. bians to Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and other philosophers of the
A "ulli, (pl. of -i ili) Intimate, familiar; comrades. academic or peripatetic schools).
P & ulgh, A relay of post-horses. A courier.
A. J} ilk, (from G') Shining, flashing. False lightning (i.e.
when no rain follows). Ulak, Name of a mountain in Arabia
Deserta. Allak, A liar.
A3) ilkat, (iv of G.) Binding another to one's self. Put
ting raw silk into an ink-stand.
A J alk, (pl. of 3:) ulkiyat) Questions, problems. Mis
fortunes, adversities.
A & ilkal, (1v of -3.) Sending. An ambassador, envoy,
messenger, internuncio.
A&M illat (or J" ilyl), (iv of J) Beginning the night.
Illat (for cl ilt above). Utlat (or ) alilat), A flock
which is a great way from pasture. Name of a place in Syria.
r i alilah, (equivalent to all lalah) A tulip.
A 27 lm, (pl. of alam) Cares, griefs, pains, misfortunes.
Sicknesses. Je dil-ipur ilm, A heart full of grief.
P
A CU il-m, (1v of **) Repairing, amending, reconciling.
Doing any mean dirty work; shewing one's self in a contempti
ble light; begetting children of the same wretched principles.
A ilna (for t "ila m), How long :
p ulam, A message. A courier, a messenger. Name of
a place in Khursn.
A J! al' amn, Calling for quarter in battle. Grace, favour,
mercy, quarter, pity. T Alnn, (Allemanni) A German.
A & ilmat, (1v of ) Reproving. Deserving censure.
re Aln, Name of a country, city, and of a mountain.
J) alan, Now, presently, at this time, now-a-days. JU)
A
J% al in kami kn, Just as heretofore, as usual, as formerly.
A&M ilnat (or J"), (1v of c) Pacifying, softening.
p f alanah, A falcon. A falcon's nest. A shadow. The
ring of a door, by which it is shut. A crow, a rook.
t j" alni, Belonging to the present time.
e alaniyn, (Exvoy) Elecampane, helenium.
r ilii. (or " alie), A flame of fire.
p *:T lwah, A trevet, pot-hook, fire-place. A child's game.
A ' aliwa', (pl. of 3.) aliyat) Negligent.
A&;" alawiyat, (pl. of 3." iliyat) Gifts. Sheeps' dung.
A ilh (or 'lilah), A god, a pagan deity; (Omnipotence
being expressed by 4' allahu, contracted from all J) al ilahu,
the radical" a coalescing with the article).
A&l ilhat (from 4"), Worship, adoration. A goddess. An
idol, a false deity. A serpent. The horned moon. The sun,
153 -\
the proper name of the sun. Name of a place in Mesopotamia,
and of a hamlet in Arabia.
A J ilhy, Divine, O my God! A hymn, a spiritual
song. J w- Divine knowledge, theology, metaphysics.
A ex-s Ilhiyn, The divines (an epithet given by the Ara
-
p f ily, Defiled.
A \} aly, (pl. of 3..." aliyat) Oaths.
P J ilychi, (b Sfs) Cardamoms.
P J alyish, Contamination, corruption, pollution, impurity.
&: J alyish-i dunyawiyah, The corruptions of the world.
A #| aliyi, (pl. of -i "alif) Intimate associates, familiars.
rej" alydan, To contaminate. To confound, to mix.
To be contaminated.
skA ~ alaba, (fut. ~". ya-lubu or ya-libu) He collected.
t " alb, A hero, a Hercules.
A " alb (from C-) Drawing together (an army); assem
bling from every quarter (in order to commit hostilities). In
stigating, impelling, driving (camels); being active in driving
them, making them travel fast. A collection, congregation,
crowd. The violence of heat, of a fever, or thirst. A propen
sity to love. A lamb's skin. The skinning over of a sore, when
it begins to heal. A stratagem. Poison, venom. Ilb, Name
of a tree, the juice of whose leaves is poisonous. A collection.
P " ilib, Aloes.
p ' alb, (in ancient Persian) Milk. Mallows.
A \,\ ilb, (1v of J) Remaining, stopping (in a place).
P \,\ ulba, Sheeps' heart and liver hashed and fried in oil.
A \!) alibb, (pl. of -! labb) Wise, prudent, intelligent,
ingenious, industrious, assiduous.
A \,\ ilb-a, (iv of "J) Putting the kid to the goat in order to
suck. Sucking. Having beastings in the udder (goats, &c.).
A --" albb, (pl. of lubb) Hearts, marrows, bowels,
substances. Nuts. The piths of a tree. Understandings, intellects.
2) ~9) Learned doctors. (pl. of --> labab) Throats,
those parts in particular about which they hang ornaments, or
where they slaughter animals. The poitrels, or breast-harness
of horses, &c. Small heaps of sand. (Comfortable) conditions
or situations in life. Ilbb, (1v of labba) Stopping, re
maining in a place. Putting breast-harness (on a horse) to steady
the saddle. Exhibiting, offering. Coming into ear (corn).
A -) ilbs, (iv of -) Hesitating, delaying.
A c ilbh, (1v of 2) Growing old (a man).
A cll albd, (pl. of A. libd) Felt-cloths, such as are put
under saddles. Affairs. Ilbd, (1v of AJ) Loading, reloading,
packing. Mixing or entangling (anything), joining one thing to
another, carding wool. Stopping, remaining. Putting the felt
cloth on a horse, and making it firm, supporting the saddle by
X
 -

" l 04 )

that or anything similar. Covering (a bottle) with such cloth.
Stooping (when going into a house), falling on the ground (in
prayer). Adhering to the ground (being poor). (A camel)
beginning to fatten, renewing his coat and colour in the spring ;
beating his sides and hips with his tail. Turning (a vessel) on its
mouth to prevent its breaking.
P J ilbd, A carder or cleaner of cotton.
A L-4) albs, (pl. of J-l libs) Clothes, habits.
Ilbas, (1v
of U-4) Putting on clothes. Covering, concealing.
Ak!" albt, Skins, hides.
P J!" ulbak, A kind of winter-garment.
A t ilbk, Speaking obscenely. An error in speech.
A J Albn, Name of a place. (pl. of e- laban), Milks.
Ilbn, (1v of e') Having milk in the
Things made from milk.
udder (a camel.) Having plenty of milk (a farmer).
ru-." albnis, A pot-herb.
A " albub (or --" alubb), (pl. of lubb) Hearts,
Veins or roots of the heart
minds (the best parts of any thing).
or pericardium, the heart-strings. Nuts. Name of a tribe.
A 3." ulbat, A congregation, assembly, crowd. Collected,
Ak!" illibiit, (v111 of all) Striking the fore-part of the foot
against the ground in running (a camel). Cutting (as a horse).
Hemming in. Adhering. Commotion, perturbation. Effort.
A "" iltibak, (v11.1 of -) Mixture, confusion, intricacy,
A e- illiban, (v11.1 of c) Sucking milk.
A 3-1 ultat, A small present. Perjury.
A -) illitb, (viii of 4) Putting on raiment.
A G" iltist, (v111 of J) Gathering gum.
A J) iliisak, (v111 of G!) Being wet, moistened.
A ." iltisam, (v11.1 of **) Covering (the mouth) with a veil.
Kissing. P e-A ), Jrs- To kiss.
A \s iltija, (v11.1 of J Assuming a false title.
A Als iltija-a, (v11.1 of t) Flying for refuge (to a man or
place). Petition, representation. Refuge, protection.
A gsi) iltjaj, (v11.1 of 3
laja) Being vast and deep (a sea).
A si) illih, (v11. of,-) Stripping off the bark, peeling.
A =\!" iltih, (v11.1 of J) Becoming bearded.
A g -
--

iltihj, (v11.1 of)! Compelling, forcing. -

convened. Alabat, Desire. Melancholy, solicitude, anguish.
A bad disposition, a vicious turn of mind.
A & albattah, Certainly, necessarily, in every manner, alto
gether. Whether. rele *** & " I will certainly give (it).
A *"albuj, A species of whitish Indian root with black spots.
A kind of medicine for cutaneous disorders.
rj," Alburz, Name of a celebrated mountain near Hamadn
in Persia, famous for a number of pyrees or temples of the Magi.
An athletic, courageous man.
A 3-" albisah, (pl. of J-2 dibas) Clothes, vestments, gar or coverlet. Clothing one's self with any kind of upper garment.
ments. 2,3-9 -" Rich dresses. A Jsi" iltihk, (vi.11 of c Being joined.
A la." alibtitt, A species of creeping plant.
A --JT alat, State. An instrument, utensil, tool, apparatus,
harness. Penis. A bier. A tent-pole. --> ,-7 Machines
of war, military apparatus, arms.
r 7 alut, Plump buttocks or haunch-bone. The chine.
*A alata, (fut. <!" ya-litu) He defrauded.
A --!" ult, A false accusation, a groundless suspicion.
A allati (or J.J. allati), (fem. of s!) Who, which.
A = "itt, (iv of l) Becoming poor. Remaining stationary.
A --!" iltb, (1v of --J) Being necessary. Causing, ren
dering necessary. Confirming a purchase, delivering the thing
bought to the bidder or purchaser. Causing (the heart) to pal
pitate. Eating only once in the day.
A --" iltiba-a, (v11.1 of".) Sucking its dam (a lamb). Giv
ing any one beastings to drink.
A el-J" illibad, (v111 of x.) Sticking closely together (hair
leaves, &c.). Having very thick foliage (a tree).
A J-- iltibs, (v111 of U-J) Being obscure, intricate or
Taking
refuge. Sticking fast in the sheath (a sword).
A 2's "iltihd, (v111 of **) Inclining to one side.
A J-s- of J-s) Receiving any thing due.
iltihas, (v11.1
A Jes) iltihs, (v111 of v-s) Compelling, coercing. Hin
dering, keeping back. Imprisoning. Adhering. Sticking fast.
Being stopped up (the eye of a needle). Sucking an egg. Tear
ing out a sheep's eye and swallowing it (a wolf).
A s illih, (v11.1 of i Being covered with a sheet
Adhering.
A **) illiham, (v11.1 of **) Being filled up with flesh, heal
ing (a wound). Waxing hot and bloody (a battle). Wounding.
A sil" illikh, (v11. of, Being fed with pap (a babe). .
A t iltikhkh, (v11.1 of * lakhkha), Being entangled
(herbage). Confusion, perplexity, mixture.
A ex" iliidad, (v111 of N ladda) Swallowing medicine taken
in at one corner of the mouth. Deviating, erring.
A **! iltidam, (v11.1 of **!) Smiting the breast (in grief).
Perturbation, violent emotion.
A 33-) illi-is, (v11.1 of 3 lasta) Savouring, relishing.
A &\x." iltisat, (v11.1 of **) Being burnt. Suffering excru
ciating pain. Ulceration.
A J- iltisak, (v11.1 of JP) Junction, union, coalition.
A. *}<!" ilti-am, (v111 of P) Being necessary. Taking upon
one's self, charging one's self with (any thing). Embracing.
Being assiduous. Hire, rent. Lease.
A *\-j-.]] ilti-aman, (Pers. &\le\}<!" ilti-amnah) Necessarily,

doubtful. Confusion, intricacy, doubt. Mixture. consequently. By renting, hiring.

 -)
AJ- illisik, (viii of G-1) Sticking, adhering, &\ iltint, (v111 of s") Shining, flashing, being re
AJ-- illisis, (viii of Ja! lassa) Cementing, joining, splendent. Carrying away privately. Being changed (colour).
fastening with cramp-irons. Firmly adhering.
AJ- iltisak, (v11.1 of J-) Being united, consolidated,
glued together. Adhesion.
A" illitt, (v111 of a latta) Being rubbed over with
musk. Weiling herself (a woman). Causing (the door) to be
shut. Covering, veiling.
A {-} iltitt, (v111 of s) Drinking or lapping dry, a cup laziness. Laying by a part of the food called &3. (a woman).
or a cistern.
A *: iltitm, (v111 of *) Dashing furiously (waves).
Aa' illiz, (v111 of J) Burning, blazing.
A-le') iltitb, (v11.1 of -*) Sport, pastime.
A z iltitj, (v11.1 of) Being wasted with grief.
A Jel iltitk, (v111 of Jal) Changing colour (the face).
A Je" iltitn, (viii ofe) Cursing, railing at one another.
A s iltighad, (v111 of &l) Taking (anything) against the
will of the owner.
Als illifa, (v111 of J) Arrival, interview.
A \ illif-a, (win of *]) Peeling bark. Picking the flesh
off a bone. Scattering (as wind the clouds).
A c" iltifat, (v111 of --J) Turning towards another.
Regard. Respect, courtesy, reverence. An apostrophe.
A & iltifat, (v11.1 of t-J) Putting on an upper garment.
(Being) covered with plants (ground). Being changed (colour).
A illii, (viii of J laa) Growing luxuriantly, be
ing entangled (plants). Wrapping one's self up in a garment.
!' iltifam, (v111 of c) Putting a fillet over the nose.
A.
A illik, (viii of J) Meeting, encountering. An in
terview, an audience, a conversation, a conference. -
Auz illiks, (viii of u-J) Taking, receiving.
A illikt, (viii of las) Collecting, gathering. Stum
bling unexpectedly (upon one).
A pll iltikutan, Unexpectedly, suddenly.
A t!' iltikt, (viii of t) Changing, fading (as colour).
A iltikam, (v111 of il) Devouring, swallowing.
A t iltikk, (viii of x! lakka) Thronging, crowding
(People). Being drawn up in close array (an army). Having
thick foliage (a rose-bush). Committing a blunder (in speak
ing). Pleading slowly and deliberately.
Aw! illima, (v11.1 of J) Flashing. Fading (colour).
A "*" illima-a, (v11.1 of ul) Taking or laying by, any frag
"ents (of meat) in a dish. Fading (colour).
*u- iltims, (v111 of J-1) Praying, supplicating, peti
tioning, beseeching. Informing respectfully. Prayer.
Aku iltimz, (v11.1 of A.J.) Throwing (food) hastily into
the mouth. Making a smacking noise with the lips. Taking
*Y another's due. Being folded or wound about anything.
155 &
A
e Vl) altamgha, Royal insignia. A royal grant in perpe
tuity. A royal diploma. A mark put by authority upon gold or
silver, to show them to be of the proper standard. Tribute, tax
(levied on travellers).
A\;-) iltiwa, (v11.1 of *}) Being bent, doubled, folded toge
ther. Being preferred. Hanging back, turning aside from
p c) Altk, Name of a kingdom.
A \ iltih, (v111 of 33) Amusing one's self.
A -l iltihb, (v111 of -e) Inflammation. Burning.
* -) J tish-i garm iltihb, A fire burning fiercely.
A ciltihs, (v111 of ~3) Lolling out his tongue (a dog).
A iltih, (v111 of -i) Being burnt. Burning.
A. iltiham, (v11.1 of **) Swallowing quickly, bolting. Ex
c-
hausting (the udder). Fading, changing (colour).
A J) Ulta', Name of a fortified place.
A JA allatz, (fem. of ...s) allazz, rel. pron.) Who, which.
A Sl) illiys, (viii of <-2) Curling, crisping the hair.
Mixture, confusion, intricacy. Tardiness, prolixity.
A c) iltiyah, (v11.1 of cy) Being thirsty.
A S iltiyaz, (v111 of 3.) Flying to, taking refuge with.
Ak! illiyt, (v111 of xy Discharging an arrow, or a ma
lignant glance. Adopting into one's family. Affiliation.
Ak! iltiys, (v111 of ) Being difficult (an affair).
A t iltiyt, (v111 of &#) Being inflamed with love. Pining
away with grief. Sorrow, distress.
A J iltiyk, (v111 of G.) Acting with sincerity.Intimacy,
Adherence, devotedness. Contentment, independence.
A *L.) ilti-am, (v11.1 of ru) Feathering an arrow. Agree
ment, coalition, concurrence. Obedience, submission. Placid
ness, gentleness.
A. iltiyam, (v111 of *}) Being blamed, chidden.
A U.'" ilsa, (1v of J) Being wet (as a garment, &c.). Soil
ing clothes (sweat). Giving to one the juice of a tree to drink.
A -) iss, (iv of + tassa) Being importunate, urgent.
Remaining in a place. Raining for several days successively.
A J!) ilsk, (1v of G!) Wetting, moistening.
A t alsat, Stuttering in pronouncing the letters - or ;.
A 8-9 alsagh, A stammerer. One who pronounces the letters
& gha, J la, or - ba instead of ra.
P g alj, Proud, haughty. Of a dignified mien.
A As ilja-a, (1v of t) Compelling, forcing. Referring a
matter to God, and submitting to his will.
A z" iljaj,
...-.
(1v of g laija)
- -
Braying aloud and foaming at
-
the mouth (a camel).
A s aljaf, (pl. ofis laja) Wells or trenches in stables,
&c. Cuts in the sides of a well, through which some part of the
X 2
 <!)
water runs off. Troughs at the sides of wells, into which the
water runs from the reservoirs. The channels of torrents.
A Aljm, Name of a place. Iljam, (1v of **) Bridling.
Coming up to the mouth (water). Burning the mark of a bridle
upon a horse.
A as' aljimat, (pl. of lijm) Bridles, reins. Marks,
resembling bridles, inade upon cattle by burning.
ralah, A fruit.
*** aljabr, Algebra.
P * alch, A proud, haughty man.
P -** alchakht, ilchakht or ulchakht, Desire. Hope.
TJ ilchi, An embassador, a plenipotentiary, an envoy.
A." ilh, (1v of Je) Traducing, reprehending, blaming.
A-s ilhb, (w of ~~) Striking (with a sword). Mak
ing an impression or mark.
A z ilhaj, (1v of **) Compelling, forcing.
A * ilhah, (1v of e lahha) Importunity, solicitation,
gency. Raining incessantly. Remaining fixed (a cloud).
ing refractory, restive (a camel), lazy, lying down, when he
ought to stand, or go forward. Galling a camel's back (a
saddle).
a s ilhd, (1v of **) Inclining, deviating. Impiety, ir
religion, infidelity, heresy, idolatry. Dispute, contention, ca
lumny. Burying. Storing up grain against times of scarcity.
A J- ilhas, (Iv of v-s) Producing the first crop of grass
ground). Putting forth herbage (such as sheep may crop).
A J- al hsil, Upon the whole, in fine, to sum up all.
A 2\s" ilhz, (1v of as') Glancing, looking askance.
A s ilhf, (1v of is) Sweeping the ground with the
train of a gown or robe (from ostentation). Importuning
g; urg
ing, forcing. Walking near the foot of a mountain.
a j ilhak, (1v of Gs) Arriving, reaching, following.
Joining. Addition. Cohesion. The conjunctive particle.
A. J alhl, Now, at present. 33s Js" at halat hazihi,
Now, this being the case, things being thus situated.
A c itham, (1v of **)Consolidating, joining together.
Feeding upon flesh meat. Having a great deal of flesh-meat in
the house. Filling up with flesh (a wound). Being fat and
fleshy. Producing grain. Having grain in the ear (corn).
Weaving. Versifying. Finishing (any thing begun). Giving
(battle) with fury. Exposing (the honour of another) to the con
tumely of an enemy. Stopping, being restive, not proceeding
far, till compelled by stripes (a camel).
A e's alhan, (pl. ofe- lahn) Notes, sounds, modulations,
l O6
*
.*
or tones. P els" Ls khsh-alhn, Singing melodiously, hav
ing sweet notes. A Ilhn, (iv ofe Giving to understand. Un
derstanding, perceiving. Singing, chanting well.
*A* al hasar, Take care! beware! shun (it).
A c al hakk, In reality, truly, certainly, the truth is.
p ex'}- As a hand khndan, To read the first chapter
of the Kurn, which opens thus: a ** a handu l'illah, Praise
be to God.
A s alhan, More or most intelligent. Very melodious.
A * alikh, And so forth, et cetera.
A * ilkhkh, (Iv of: lakhkha) Mixing, confounding.
A J ilkhas, (1v of J) Looking into the eye (of a ca
mel) in order to discover whether he is fat enough for slaughter.
re ilkhalik, A shirt, a shift, a waistcoat, an under-gar
ment. The Mogul coat.
P -* alkhujt, Concupiscence, desire.
ur A J- alkhas, Having the upper eye-lid thick and hard.
,
Be A. s - -
alkhan, Uncircumcised.
- -
Offensive, rank.
*A alkha', Blabbing, chattering, talkative. Crooked,
wreathed. (A camel) having one knee larger than the other.
P J alkhi, The jamb, pillar, or post of a door. -
A N) aladd, Quarrelsome, squabbling, litigious (man). (A
camel) five years old, and long-bodied.
A "&" ildad, (1v of N ladda) Administering medicine to a sick
person through one corner of his mouth.
A J-2) aldas, (pl. of J-34 ladis), Fat, fleshy. (She camels)
firm and full of flesh.
A. 's ildam, (1v of **) Continuing to afflict (a fever).
A se!" ildat (for Sel, wildat), A daughter, a girl.
A S.A." aliddat, (pl. of ladd and A.N ladid) Adversaries.
A \ex" adduga, Farewell, adieu, (from J) and ce).
A 3) alass, Sweeter, more or most delicious. -
A 3) ilzam, (1v of *3) Rendering necessary, making inse:
parable, causing to adhere or remain constantly, fixing. Re
ducing, compelling. Joining, subjoining. Being addicted to.
A ss" allasi (or 3!! allasi), (relat. masc. pron.) Who, which.
r) alur (or 9: alur), Buttocks, hips.
p 9) alurd, A net with wide meshes in which gardeners carry
their vegetables to market.
P ) alrah, A pillar, post, or jamb of a door.
Aj]) als, (from jl) Adhering. Inhering. Being addicted or
given up to any thing.
A *}]] ilt-a, (Iv of;) Filling. Feeding to satiety (flocks).
A J}) il:ak, (1v of JP) Joining, cementing, glueing. -
A ;" ilsam, (1v of l) Joining. Subjoining. Rendering
necessary, compelling. Convincing, confounding. Blame, re
-
 |-J)
proach, conviction. *}} e" Capable of conviction. p. *}!
c To use violence. To apprehend a criminal. To arraign.
To convict. To adjudge, to sentence. To plead guilty.
A alsam, More or most necessary.
A J" akan, (A season) intensely cold or hot.
A Jalasa, (fut. U-". ya-lisu) He deceived.
A v." als, (from U.J.) Being perfidious, deceitful. Confusion,
perturbation of mind, insanity, madness. Uls, Insanity. A bad
stock, race, or family.
P als, Aniseed baked in bread.
Al-'alass, Desiring bread, having an appetite for bread.
A {- ilst, (iv of s) Sowing divisions, promoting animo
sities, raising quarrels.
A J- ilsk, (iv of G-J) Joining, fixing, causing to adhere.
A al- ilsam, (1v of -)
Making one to taste. Silencing.
Seeking, searching. Ordering one to proceed (on the road), or
forcing him to keep it.
AJ-"ilsn, (iv of e-) Forming in the shape of a tongue.
Making (a shoe) pointed at the toe. Causing to arrive or happen.
* --T kit (or -- alsut), A fat plump buttock.
PJ-7 alsur, The buttocks. -
"Ju-J alsofani, Name of a plant.
re-7 alasun, Wild rue.
A e- alsan, Eloquent. Alsun (or 3-1 alsinat) (pl. of e
listin), Tongues. Languages, dialects, idioms. Jas" &-
Sparrow's tongue (a herb).
p J- alsi, Linseed.
p J-7 lish, A quick pace.
ru." ulush, The remainder of a repast.
A ! Ash'sham, Syria. The city of Damascus.
Avalalass, Having compact close-set teeth. Having high and
close shoulder-blades. (A horse) having the knees bent inward.
(A sheep) having one horn projecting forward, and the other
towards the back.
*J alss, (pl. of JA liss) Thieves, robbers. Ilss, (tv
of J2, lassa) Robbery, theft, larceny.
A Jl ilsak, (iv of cal) Joining, glueing together. Hough
ing (a camel).
A.) alatt, One whose teeth are dropped out, or eaten away,
and the roots still remaining.
A!!!" iltt, (1v of a latta) Covering. Shutting (the door).
Making one refuse to pay that which is justly due; abetting, aid
ing him in such refusal. Joining, fixing to the ground.
A t iltt, (iv of s) Licking, lapping.
A - alli, (pl. of Lila lut) Benefits, favours. Sports,
* Illi, (iv of elila) Conferring favours.
A w alat-i riimi, A species of mint.
**-all allast, Indian storax.
A-3) altaf More or most kind or benevolent.
A t altat, (A man) who has lost his teeth,
l 57 )
A J-k' Attasiy, A native of Ts or Thus in Khursn:
many eminent men have taken this surname, especially a cele
brated astronomer called Nsiru'd din.
A U3) ilz, (iv of A.) Burning, emitting flame.
A 93) ilzz, (iv of a lazza) Being assiduous, industrious, at
tentive, unremitting. Raining incessamtly.
A \s" alt, The bones of the fingers.
A -) ilb, (iv of -*) Slavering. Causing one to play.
Producing any thing ludicrous, with which sport may be made.
A z) ilj, (iv of *) Kindling, setting fire (to wood).
A bl) altt, (pl. of !ax! latt) Lines or marks, such as the
Ethiopians and other barbarous nations make upon their faces.
A &\ ilt, (1v of s- latta) (Ground) producing its first
crop of grass.
A U-4) altas, Black-lipped. Thick, luxuriant (plant). Name
of a place in Yaman.
&x!' ultibat, Play. Any thing ludicrous.
A
A Ju Sx' altiyzu bi'llah (or all "Sz), May God avert.
P s ulugh (or & 3) ulugh), (TARTAR), Powerful, great. s
& ulugh bg, A great prince. Name of a king of Parthia
and India, grandson of Timr Lang. Aligh, Effeminate.
A \ ilgh, (iv of 3%) Excluding, rejecting, disappointing.
Being gained or acquired.
A 3' ilghb, (1v of 3) Fatiguing, tiring, vexing. Fit
ting a bad feather to an arrow.
P z) ilghj, Plunder, rapine, spoliation.
A c" alghad, (pl. of A lughd) The fleshy parts of the mouth
from the jaws to the windpipe, round the throat. Exuberances
of flesh in the inner part of the ears. The lobes of the ears.
p_\x" alghar, Rapine, depredation.
Aj." alghz, (pl. of j lughs) Enigmas, riddles, mysteries,
unintelligible discourses; many Arabian and Persian authors
have composed books of enigmas, which they call Kitbu'l
alghz. Holes of moles, rabbits, field-mice, lizards, and other
animals that live in subterraneous burrows. Labyrinths. Ighs,
(Iv of j) Speaking obscurely, enigmatically.
A x!" alghat, (pl. of lax laght) Voices, noises, confused sounds,
such as proceed from a crowd of people; unintelligible jargons.
Ilght, (1v of lax) Making such obscure noise. Putting a hot
|
iron into milk or water, and making it hiss.
A 33) igh; (iv of . ix) Forming or cutting meat into
morsels or mouthfuls, and eating them. Alacrity, dispatch, ex
pedition. Fraud, perfidy, deceit, injustice.
p f alghud, Ferocity, anger. Agitation, motion.
P s alaghdah, Mixed.
A JA) al gharas, To sum up all, in a word, that is to say.
| -
A ex ilghun, Tamarisk.
p_\six." alghunjr, The anger of a mistress. Calumny. Envy.
- A morel cherry.
 ) 158
P ex alghanjidan, To gain, to acquire.
A jy) ulghuzat, (pl. of j, lughs) Enigmas.
P j) alghazah, A whistle, a pipe, a flaglet
P & X alghunah (44) alghunanah or &;3) algunah), Rose
coloured, scarlet, ruby-coloured paint for the face.
-
A ej) ilghinn, (x1 of uj not in use) Being long, luxu
riant, and involved (herbage).
Ai al, (part.) Associating, conjoining, copulating. Be
coming intimate, Giving a thousand. Alif (or i) ali), Ac
customed, familiar. A comrade, companion, intimate friend.
A -ill alifa, (fut. i ga-lafu) He was familiar with.
A il) al. A thousand.
A i) ilf, Intimacy, familiarity, friendship. Tameness, gen
tleness. An associate, a companion, a familiar friend.
A - \alif, Name of the first letter in the Arabian and Per
sian alphabets. V- A-il. The equinoctial line. -45", -])
The first of the seven climates of the earth. U * ill alif., ba,
t, (met.) A slate, a pen, and a stool. rus. i) alif b, The
a, b, c, the alphabet. c- To strip naked. To adjust, re
gulate. J-il) The Kfic alif, (met.) Anything bent. Penis.
A -il' alaff, A populous place. Slow of speech, having an
impediment. (A man) having thick fleshy thighs, and slow of
motion. Having the eye-brows joining together. Unequal to,
and sinking under, business. A vein in the tarsus of quadrupeds.
A \,\ ilf, (1v of J) Finding.
A \,\ ilf-a, (1v of \}) Preserving entire (God).
A z) ilfj, (1v of **) Taking refuge with strangers. Penury.
P Js-) alfakhtan, To gain, to acquire, to collect.
p J) ulfash, A hypocrite, dissembler. A species of thistle.
A) als, (pl. ofas las) Words, vocables, articulate sounds.
A 33) alif, (pl. of -i liff) Crowds, multitudes, mixed
companies. Classes. Thick, intangled (trees). Ilfaf, (1v of
-) lafa) Involving, twisting, folding. Hiding its head under
its wing (a bird). -
A cilfan, (iv of e) Putting its head under its wing (a bird).
r 37 alaft or aluft, Affliction, grief, madness.
A c-" alfat, Crooked-horned (goat). Left-handed. A fool.
A -3) ifat, A female friend. Ulfat, Friendship, attach
ment, familiarity, companionship, intimacy.
P e aluftagn, (pl. of &T aluftah) Astonished, con
founded, afflicted, mad. Enamoured. -
p -s ulfat-gar, Friendship, intimacy, society, company.
P ...fl aluftan (or e aluftidan), To rage, grow mad,
to be confounded, afflicted, enamoured. To drive to madness,
to confound. To accustom one's self.
r &T luftah, Astonished, furious, insane, mad (with love).
Broken, infirm, poor, or disconsolate. Deceived, ensnared. A
drunkard, a debauchee.
P & X J) ulfati-bandah, Attached from friendship.
C
R}\ |
, 3' -
P -k alfakht, The tree or wood of aloes.
re-s alfakht, Acquisition, gain.
P eas" alfakhtan (J alfajidan, eas" alfakhdan, or
JAk!" alfaghdan), To gain, acquire. To make a proficiency.
r & s alfakhtah, Gained.
A_\s GS), zul fakir, The famous sword which Muhammad
alleged he had received from the angel Gabriel, and presented
to his son-in-law Aliy, with which (according to the Muslim his
torians) he made prodigious slaughter among the infidels.
rl alanj, Gain. Gained. A gainer.
P Jsi alfanjidan, To gain, multiply, increase in wealth.
re-" alfandan, To gain. To commit a crime. To palpi
tate, to leap (as the heart). To grow sad. To digest victuals.
e alfandidan, To gain, to acquire.
P
&;-) alfununah, A beautiful bloom on the face. Vermilion.
P
P e alidan, To gain, to acquire. -
s
P & ainah (or ) alyah), A pin. The penis.
A.J.) alk (from c), Shining, flashing. Resplendence. In
sanity. Falsehood, Ilk, A wolf. Ilak, (pl. of ilkat) She
wolves. She-apes. Bold masculine women. Illuk, Shining,
flashing (lightning).
A \,\ alk, (pl. of : likwat) (Women or camels) of a quick
conception. Female eagles. Large urns. (pl. of J lakiy),
Things thrown away as despicable. Ilka, (1v of J) Throwing
down, flinging away, rejecting. Attributing, ascribing, imput
ing. Imparting, communicating. Proposing, applying to. In
jecting, infusing. Being inspired or persuaded.
A alkab, (pl. of lakab) Titles of honour, appella
tions, epithets, surnames. Forms of address (in letters).
A c) ilkh, (iv of 2*)
Rendering the female palm-tree
fruitful, by sprinkling over it the flowers of the male. Covering
(as a he-camel the female). Raining, becoming impregnated
with rain (a cloud). Shaking a tree (the wind).
A \,\!\ alkat, Straggling, dispersed, and despicable (men).
A s alk, (pl. of is laka) Stone-troughs at the sides
of wells, into which the water flows from the reservoirs.
A c ilkam, (1v of **) Making one to swallow. Trotting,
or going in a particular kind of quick pace (a camel).
A e) ilkn, (1v of ej) Learning quickly by heart.
A & ilkat, A she-wolf. A she-ape. An intrepid woman.
A JA) al kurn, Reading. That book, which is the repo
sitory of the Muhammadan religion and law, known to us by the
title of the Kurn, or, with the article, Al Kurn. It was pub
lished at different times, verse by verse, as exigencies required,
(Muhammad giving out, that he received them directly from
heaven, by the mouth of the angel Gabriel), and collected into
its present form by the Khalf Ab bikr. It has several other
names, as - s mus-haf and -u kitb, The book, by w
of excellence; Jj-, tanzil, implying, Descended from heaven;
 U)
i.94.2% kalm-i sharif, The sublime word; and Aj-,- rious words, as in
Hilal-i tasis, The precious book. When the Musulman writers
transcribe any passage from it into their works, they never men
tion the chapter or verse, but only write in large characters, or
with red ink, J JG kl tagla', The Supreme Being says,
J., & Kulhu tatla, Say it thou, O God! or some expression
synonymous to these. A good Muslim will not touch the Kur'n
till he has washed; and, lest he might transgress this law through
inadvertency, it is in general carefully kept in a case; upon one
part of which, called --Q) e- lisnul kitb, (the tongue of
the book) there are written these words, cJa") M 4-, } la
yamussahuilla'l mutatahhirin, Let none but the purified touch it.
A 4 as al kissah, On the whole, in a word, to sum up all.
Ae alka, (fem, of G, awlak) Mad, insane, furious. (A
woman) prone to anger, impatient, fretful.
Aulkiyat, A proposition, a question, a problem.
r 47 lak, Spikenard, (also diminutive of J7 al, q.v.).
r & alik, A mule. Hopeless, destitute, undone. Ilak,
Name of a city in Turkistan.
rl ulk, A country, a kingdom, a region. The earth.
A 24) alkad, Fixed, adhering to one's friends, party, or tribe.
At alkat, Sordid, mean, abject, servile.
AJ alkan, Stuttering, pronouncing (Arabic) badly.
P& ulkan, Avaricious. A miser. A drunkard.
Af s alkani, Stuttering, stammering, barbarous.
r & ulkah, A province, dominion, possession.
rl algj, Paint for the face.
p& algunah, Rose or ruby-coloured, vermilion, red, scar
let. A wash or paint for the face.
A Jalal, (from J) alla) Groaning (a sick man), crying with
pain. Wrestling in prayer. Becoming fetid (water). Purling
(a stream). Pricking his ears (a horse). Refusing to hunt (a
falcon). Woe! alas !
AW) all, (pl. of $siand 3 sihi) These.
A cell Al lt, Name of an idol once worshipped at Mecca.
A 5|| alliwat (or ) alliyat) Aloes.
A 4. Allah, God: The God, by way of eminence (being
compounded of the article J) the, and 3) a God); to which the
fllowing and such like epithets are generaly added, a")
**: J-4), Jw c- 4), J-4) -- J &
J; &\ J, which imply, The most high, holy, blessed,
and glorious God. | <!! God knows. J 4) God (is)
greatest, omnipotent. all! <\. Blessed God! al" <!!! O God!
gd God! (a mark of admiration). Je's "God (is) power
ful! Gised to express, that he can avert any threatened calamity).
* & God is good, beneficent, (a consolatory ejaculation).
*, *, *, *, By God! A is used by all the nations
that profess Muhammadanism, whatever language they speak.
It is likewise comprehended, by contraction, in several myste
150 C)
, which is often subjoined to the name of
Muhammad, being compounded of the initial, media], and final
letters of the following words: '-3 & 4) J- salla allah
galayhi wa sallam, The blessing and peace of God be upon him.
A J7 lim, (part.) Grieving, being afflicted.
A " alam, Grief, affliction, anguish, distress, pain, agony.
A ! a'lam, Is it not? Is it not yet? This is also one of the
mysterious contracted words prefixed to some of the chapters of
the Kurn, which is decyphered in various ways, as &\ \\
I am the most wise God: (being formed by the initial of the
first word, the medial of the second, and the final of the third).
* i 4') God the merciful and glorious (compounded of
the initials); or & s Jr- a!!! God, Gabriel, and Muham
mad (which is composed of the initial of the first, the final of the
second, and the initial of the last).
C) alum, A kind of vetch. Ulum, A company, a squadron.
P
ulum ulum, In troops.
A lamm, is another mysterious abbreviation, placed at the
beginning of the third chapter of the Kurn, implying, A. ST
3,9] -s: The benefits of the perception of the Divine love.
A \ ilm, (iv of ") Stealing.
A sud) ilm-a, (1v of L.) Taking, seizing, comprehending,
receiving, choosing. Stealing, carrying off. Denying a debt.
Leaving a place empty, deserting any ground (cattle). Aban
doning. Going away privately. Covering, concealing, burying.
A c) ilmah, (1 v ofa") Glancing at, taking a slight view.
Flashing, causing light (lightning). Appearing (a star).
A ru- alms, A diamond, adamant. Sharp, piercing or
cutting iron. Strenuous, active.
P Jy J-) almas-tarsh; A diamond-cutter. Diamond
dust. Cut into angles (as glass).
P J-) almas?, Cut into faces (like a diamond).
P & J.--" almst-rang, Of a bright, transparent colour.
A kl" illns, (iv of Aal) Raging, foaming at the mouth.
Pouring water upon, or into the lips (of another).
A **) ilmt, (1v ofs") Seizing, drawing anything towards
you. Shining, making a brilliant appearance. Beckoning with
the finger. Fluttering (a bird). Wagging his tail (a sheep).
Having a child stirring in the womb (a woman). Having withered
plants (the earth).
A t." Almligh, Name of a city in Turkistan.
A *" ilmm, (1 v of ~ lamma) Descending, arriving, reach
ing, approaching, betaking one's self to, or dwelling (in a place).
Committing a slight offence. Being near doing any thing.
P seja) alam-sadah, Afflicted, struck with grief.
A kall almaz, (A horse) having a whiteness on the under-lip.
A ka) ilmisis, (1x of all) Being distinguished by a white
mess on his under-lip (a horse).
 2)
A t almt, (J) almatiy or Jyalmatiy) Ingenious,
keen, shrewd, perspicacious, judicious.
A xal) almatiyat, Sagacity, penetration, acuteness,
A *!) Alamlam, Name of a large mountain near Mecca.
A 4. & J at minnat Pillah, God be praised.
r x) Almt, Name of a city in Giln, near the Caspian sea.
re") iliman, A lemon.
A J.") alma', Black or brown-lipped. Very brown (spear).
Dark (thicket or shade). Thick, shady (tree).
e') almi (or J alni), A pillar, post, or jamb of a door.
P
P
7 lunj. A wild plum. -
Jst) Alinjan, Name of a province in Persia.
P esi) alnujtan, To take amiss, to be angry.
P z) alanjj, Xylo aloes.
A ex" alandad, A formidable adversary.
r &Q) alankah, A flame.
p = <!) alang, A sort of entrenchment. A garrison.
Ge) alaniyn, (Exinov) Helenium, elecampane.
p;7 alu, Lean, emaciated, lank, extenuated. Defiled,
taminated. A brick-kiln. A Damask plum. (s ETF), The
yam or potatoe-root.
A3) alw or ultic, (from \) Failing. Doing less than one
ought. Being unequal to. Omitting. Intermitting. Delay
ing, hesitating, being tardy. Becoming proud. Not leaving
(any thing). Ability, capability. Superiority. Alic, A benefit.
P \;7 alwa (or \;\ ilwa,)
Aloes.
\})
P Alw, Name of a sword-bearer to Rustam Zl.
A \,\ ilw, (1v of ) Turning (the head). Moving or rais
ing (the tail). Denying (a debt). (An eagle) carrying off
(any thing). Making a signal (with your garment). Becoming
flaccid, withered (pot-herbs). Drying up (semen virile). Has
tening to a place where the hills of sand terminate, and more
solid ground is found. Hoisting (a standard). Flocking to the
royal standard, enlisting as a soldier. Eating victuals which had
been concealed. Seizing upon what is in any dish, to the ex
clusion of others. Wishing for a great deal.
p'," ulw, Stars, planets, constellations. -
A \;" ulu, (Men) possessed of, endowed with, having.
A c" alwh, (pl. of c; law.h) Planks, tables. Surfaces.
A. S; alwz, (pl. of ; lawz) Sides, circuits, environs, of a
mountain. The windings of a river or valley.
P S}) alwz, An asylum. A mountain.
Aj}) alwaz, (pl. of j; lawz) Almonds.
A e';" alwan, (pl. of c lawn) Colours. Forms, species.
P Jy 5- e;" ulwan khrdan, To swallow voraciously.
P s','T lwh, A kind of sweet cane; the herb galingale, with
its root; aloes. It was with this wood, according to the Ara
bians, that Moses sweetened the waters of Marah in the desert.
The piece of it which he possessed, they say, descended to him,
160 3)
through a succession of patriarchs, from Noah, who had pre
served it in the ark.
A -->) alub, Brisk, alert, ready (in lifting up a water-pot).
A high cold wind, sweeping the earth, and whirling the dust.
P 39;" l balu, An armarylla, or sour cherry.
P \\" ali, Bukhr, The Damascene plum.
A $3) alwat, ilwat, or ulicat, An oath.
A -->) alicas, Languid, flaccid, slow of speech or gait, drawl
*
ing. Mad, frantic, foolish. Strong, robust.
A :3) aliki, Elecampane, an herb, which is a specific against
the bite of serpents. Alwajj, Sweet cane.
<-37 aluchah, A small plum. A corinth. A cherry.
P
.
s
e;7 ld, Contaminated, stained, polluted, dirtied, soiled,
P *
bespattered, besmeared, fouled. eXT Was. ,95-3 wujud-i khata-a
ald. A person stained with crimes. ext --> kh'ab-alud,
Drowned in sleep. e;" ex- ---> chashm-i khun-ld, Hav
ing the eye bloody, bloodshot. *:T_* ghubar-alud, Covered
with dust. e;7j\s majz-ld, Polluted with crimes.
con
e;" alwad. Thick (neck). Perverse, obstinate, refractory.
A.
p Je;7 allidag, Contamination, stain, defilement.
-
p ee;" iliidan, To stain, pollute, contaminate, defile. . To
anoint. To covet, desire. To sin. To be polluted, defiled.
p se;7 aludah, Stained, polluted, smeared, defiled. Disturbed,
confused. Overwhelmed. Mingled. Covetous, full of desire.
Weak, impotent. c- $2.7 Smeared with blood. Weeping.
P ere se aludah-daman, Having the tails of one's gar
ments bespattered with mud. A sinner, fornicator, adulterer.
r_37 alur, The fleshy part of the hip, the buttocks. The tail
(of a large size peculiar to sheep of a certain species).
P L allis, Glancing amorously or in anger.
A U-2) alus, A thing, any thing, as "V-3) 33 Vs m suktu
alusan, I did not taste any thing. P The tribe of Rohillahs.
P J-7 alusan, A species of plum, emollient and aperient.
G e-y alusan, (Aavazov) Alysson, or madwort.
P Alwand, Name of a high mountain in Hamadn.
P J" alush, Provisions from the king's table, Remains.
P e alushidan, (for c-:7 aghshidan) To embrace.
A P;" alicat, More amiable, more excellent of heart.
A. &: alicat, Insanity, fatuity, madness, weakness of mind.
A " alu, Very familiar. Ulu, (pl. of -\al) Thousands.
A J;" alwak, Foolish.
A &#;" alukat, A dish made with butter and dates. Fre"
butter. &#;" J. J." More desirable than fresh butter.
A %) aluk, An ambassador, messenger, nuncio, legate *
apostle. A letter. News. Ulk, The Evangelist Luke.
A & S
alukat, A mission. A letter, news, advice.
P se;7 lugardah, A kind of fruit.
A&c." alimat, Blame, reprehension. Name of a place.
P &;7 lnah, A wash, a cosmetic, a paint for the face.
 J)
lify r f lih, An eagle. The hare-falcon.
p aluwah, The wood of aloes.
A 5|| Alwah, Name of a valley in Yaman.
s
t is Ai," uluhiyat (or **) uluhiyah), Deity, divinity.
A alwa', Crooked by nature (as a horn). Dividing, se
parating, withdrawing from others, solitary, singular. Long,
unknown (way). Violent in litigation. A species of tree.
p J alici dishi, A medlar.
...n
P &T alusiyuh, Name of an Indian fruit.
A*} alwiyah, (pl. of'; liw) Standards, ensigns, banners.
r &T filah, An eagle. The hare-falcon. Spikenard.
A 'lilah (for x) ilh), A god; though sometimes used to ex
press Omnipotence, as cl) 4) The God of worlds.
A\| ilh, (iv of 33) Employing. (A miller) throwing any
thing through the orifice (of the mill). Neglecting things of im
portance, and attending to music. J) J* &\alhi an ash'shay,
Let that alone, think no more of it.
A cl alhb, (pl. of C-3 lihb) Intermediate spaces between
two mountains. Clefts, fissures, narrow passes in mountains.
#2"
Steep precipices. Ilhb, (1v of 3) Inflaming, kindling.
Being heated in running (a horse) and raising the dust. Causing
to run. Flashing repeatedly (lightning).
i.
re' '' Ilah-bd, The city of Allahabd.
s
Ag) ilhaj, (1v of g) Having young ones greedy of suck,
so as to render it necessary to tie up the dugs of the mother.
A silhd, (iv of A) Acting violently, cruelly, and iniqui
,
tously; aiding one unfairly against another. Chiding, reproving.
l
A-33) ilh, (iv of -i) Being greedy, gluttonous.
s ilham, (1v of 23) Inspiring. Inspiration, divine reve
lation. J (and 39 *\})) The inspiration of God.
*A*. ilhm-pazir, Inspired.
Ae ilhn, (iv of J#) Offering a present to any person
coming off a journey.
A&T filihat, (pl. of 83) ilh) The gods.
A ilahat, (from J\) Worship, adoration. A goddess. A
false god, an idol. A serpent. The sun. The horned moon.
A ~}} ulhub, The impetuosity of a horse at full speed.
A s ilahiy, Divine. J Divine knowledge.
* - ilahiyat, Divinity, deity. Metaphysics.
A & ulhiyat, Any question put for amusement.
A. t ilhijaj, (x1 of g) Beginning to coagulate (sour
milk). Being heavy with sleep (the eye).
*Ji la' Large-buttocked (man). Fat-tailed (ram).
p J' ali, Saffron-colour,
A J" al, (part.) (A man) having fleshy hips.
* tly or ala, Beneficence. A favour, a benefit.
A
speaking inarticulately. Pronouncing repeatedly the letter, syz.
3. ila', To, until, even to, as far as. JAT J) Until
A
A i) al, Familiar, intimate. A comrade, a friend.
the end of time, J J) (or JU) \&s ") Till now, to this A cl alyak, More or most proper, or suitable.
161 J)
--
time, until this hour. e. J. Until that. e. A Whither?
332; Et cetera, &c. &\{ z J) Ad infinitum, for
ever. J. So long as e-J) Until when How long?
As J. Until this day. 3 & Take, hold this. -->
& Go about your business, what concern have you in it?
A J) ula, (for J; ula') These.
A J uly, (pl. of, aly) (Sheep) having large fat tails.
A J) alry, Negligent, omitting, suffering to pass by. Slow,
lazy." One who swears much.
c \!) aly, (Aajaa) Marsh-mallows.
A " aly, (fem. of T) (A sheep) having a large fat tail.
A \,\ iy-a, (iv of": obsolete) Being slow (a camel).
A cl) aluyt, (Rams) having large fat tails.
A U-2 Ilys, Elias, c-!" The followers of Elias.
A e'." alayan, (A man) fleshy-hipped. Fat-tailed (ram).
A .e." alyn, (du. of 3..." alyat) Two sheep's tails.
* J J li-bii, (or; 7 ili-bl) A cherry.
A t alyat, The tail of an Asiatic ram, large and very fat,
weighing about ten or twelve pounds. The buttocks, the calves
of the legs, the fleshy parts of the thighs, the balls of the thumbs,
fingers, toes, the mons veneris, and other fat and fleshy protu
berances, sl." 3.) Alyatu'sh sht, Name of a well.
A ) alit, A nonpareil, one who can hardly be excelled or
equalled. Possessed by a demon. Name of a place.
A 3." aliyat, An oath. (fem. of alry) Negligent, as \\
3.) }} &la-illa haziyat fa l aiyat, If fortune is wanting, I
will not be negligent of myself. Iliyat, A gift. (Sheeps') dung.
A --!" Ulayyas, Name of a place.
P c-t alikhtan, To take ill, to be enraged.
P Je." lidan, To commit a crime. To recede, to depart
from an agreement. To blame, accuse. To quake with fear.
rj' altz, A kick, a bound. A mule, a beast of burden.
P **27 lizandah, (A horse or mule) kicking and vicious.
re-j-" alizidan, (or e lizdan) To mourn, become
sad, be in anguish. To palpitate, shake, be in convulsions. To
bound, rebound, kick. To offend. To blame, accuse, crimi
nate.
A ) a'laysa, Is it not? Alyas, Intrepid, valiant, brave,
courageous, strong. A lion. (A camel) bearing any burthen.
Having no fixed mansion. A cuckold, without jealousy, or the
least regard for his honour; consequently a butt for ridicule.
Endowed with a noble disposition and accomplished manners.
Ullays, Name of a place in Mesopotamia.
Ala) alyat, More or most amiable, excellent of heart.
A t" alyagh, Foolish, insane, mad. Stuttering, stammering,
Y
 \ 162 )

A J." alil, Groaning, a groan. .u.) J." The murmuring the crown of the head. J-M r ummu'r rajul, (Mother of the
of running water. A lyal, Very dark night (J., layl). man) a wife of an advanced age. -- ) Umm ruhm, Mecca.
A *" alim, Painful. ~! ,-\&c. An excruciating torment. The world. JAS) ummur razyil, Ignorance. -->4)

A C) alyin, (pl. ofe layyin) Placid, gentle, lenient. ummur rukub, Death. *}) ummu'r rumh, (Mother of
r;" alyu, Adam's fig. spears) a standard (at the point of a spear). J-2 tlham

A *::" al yawm, To-day. *::) 4 *::) From day to day. zubayk, Great affliction. *>3 f umm zawbatat, (Mother
r &" alyah, A large tail, a plump buttock. of the devil's gale) a whirlwind, a hurricane. C- f Umm
re-w) alyidandan, To gain, to acquire (obsolete). J- ummu's sikhal, A she-goat.
salim, Name of a place.
P am (first person of eye; budan, To be), I am : when
L.) ummu's sama, The milky way. A 5- f umm suwayd,
f
added to nouns it signifies My, or rather Me ; as *" <!- My The anus, backside. A horse. ** umm shamlat, The
robe, or robe of me. c im, when prefixed to some words, sig sun. *::) ummu'sh shaw-a, The eagle. J- umm sab

nifies, This; as --- imshab, To-night, jr- imroz, To-day bar, A stony place. e- ^ ummu's sibyan, (The mother of
(for c, in shab, jy e. in roz). children) a ghost, a goblin, bugbear. The epilepsy. Gl-
A c am, Whether ? Rather. Yea.
ummu't tabak, A calamity. &A) ummut tarik, A highway.
#A e ya-ummu) He tended towards.
amma, (fut.
A hyena. **) f ummu't takm, Wheat. The stomach.
A amm, (from amma) Intention, purpose, desire, a tend
Jla" ummut tit, A mother with her child. * umm talhat,
ing towards. Striking on the crown of the head, wounding in A louse. " ummu't taliyat, An eagle. ** c ummu':
the head, so as to touch the brain. Excelling, teaching, giving
ziba, A plain, a field. Je c umm tamir, A hyena. Je l
a good example. Approaching. Being a mother.
A f umm, A mother. The root, origin, principle, the primary umm tabbur, A hyena. Misfortune. ** umm tarit, A
scorpion. j umm &asm, A horse. -se umm takabat,
cause upon which anything depends. That in which anything
A louse. fx) ummul tulum, (Grammar) the mother of
is contained, as, A house, habitation, sepulchre. This word is

often used in forming the rhetorical figure, called metonymy; sciences. 3- r umm taic. A locust. J Ummul tiyl,
c-) ummul ajsad, Quicksilver. ey- \ Umm ahrd, Name of a village in Arabia. e ^ umm ghiln, The gum
Name of a well. Jay- ) umm adras, A mole. e- )
arabic tree. zy" ummu'l faraj, A sop. 3. A umm fartcat,

Ummul arzin, Mecca. J);" ) ummul amwal, (The mother (Mother of riches) a sheep. A buffalo. Ji." c ummu'lfa
of wealth) the sheep. Je, Umm awaal, Name of a moun zyil, (Mother of excellence) science. J: * ummu'l kubur,
tain. Li." ummul bays, (The mother of whiteness, or of A hyena. JA) ummul kurn, (The mother of the book)
the egg) the ostrich. i e ummu't tanyi, (Mother of the first chapter of the Kurn. e' \ ummu'l kirdan, The
fetlock of a horse. ummul kira', Fire. A dish made
length) an extensive desert. 2- umm jabir, Frumenty.
-:- umm jabawkira', Death. Sorrow, c- unnant of meat, wheaten flour, &c. Ummul kura, (The mother of
cities) Mecca. 3 - umm kashtam, Adverse fortune. Death.
jubayn, (Mother of pusillanimity) the chameleon. A ^)
ummuljarraf. A shield. A bucket, an urn. --> c twn fr
A hyena. A spider. ummul karem, (Mother of the
jundub, A centinel, a watch. U-4 ummul jaysh, (Mother people) a king, a chief. -\.3) ummul kitb, (The mother
of books), the Kurn; (called also the book of divine decrees,
of armies) a standard. J5- ^ umm husur, The hyena. & a- ^)
umm hasat, A goose. &las- e umm hafat, (Mother of pre in which, according to the Muhammadans, the destiny of every
man is written in indelible characters). 3.15 \ umm kalbat,
servation) a hen. U-1- c umm hils, The ass. - f umm
cy
The fever. c ummu'l
umm law.h, The eagle.
hulkm, (The mother of the throat) a fairy so called, who is
luhayn, Death. r. umm mirzam, The north wind. J-"
supposed either to bring on, or to cure a quinsy or sore throat. ummul manzil (or **!) ummul maswa'), A hostess, land
<--> ummul hawadis, News of great importance. J- f lady, mother of a family, a wife. c- ) Umm muslimin,
umm hawar, The eagle. ummu'l khabayis, (Mother (Mother of the Muslims) Ayisha, the favourite wife, and widow
of evils) wine. 3-&- f umm khashshaf, Death. Utus- f of Muhammad, called also An'nabiya the Prophetess, on account
umm khaffsh, Misfortune, calamity. J5- Umm khanawwar, of the great authority she obtained among the Muhammadan.
Name of Cairo. 33.9 f umm darzat, The world. cpe f after her husband's death. *3. r" umm milzam, A fever.
umm darin, Straits. Ground without grass, barren. Je f tantze
8-39 umm nft, (Mother of profit) a hen. unmu'm

dafr, The world. {\ce) f ummu'd dimgh, (The mother of nujm, (Mother of the stars) the milky way, heaven, the starry
the brain) the membrane called dura mater, wl \ unmu'd vault. & "A" - ummu'n nadmat, (Mother of repentan)
duhaym, Sorrow. J-9) f ummur ra-s, (Mother of the head) haste, precipitation. J) ummu'n nawfal, A hyena. J})
 \x)
unmu'l walad, (Mother of the children) a mother. (In a law
sense) a female slave who has borne a child to her master, a
2, unmut himbir, The as . ! 2" ummul haysam, The
eagle. 8 ) la umm lak, You have no mother, (an expres
sion of contempt; though sometimes taken in a contrary sense).
A U. ama, Is it not Im (from L.'), Mewing. (pl. of 3...)
amat), Handmaids. Female slaves. Um. The mewing of a cat.
A. amm, But. As for. However. Notwithstanding. Imma,
But i, unless, or whether. If, e.V. imm an, Would that!
A.L. im-a, (1v of ..s) Extending, dilating. Becoming a
hundred in number (camels) Making up a hundred.
A col imt, (pl. of " amt) High, unequal places. gird up the loins, to prepare for anything. To be inflamed
A clummit, (pl. of umm) Mothers. Roots, origins.
Ae-j imtat, (iv of ~~~) Putting to death. Cutting off
the flocks with a murrain (God). Losing her young (a camel).
Being bereaved of his children (a father). Becoming soft and
flabby from being overboiled (meat).
A.J." amsil, (pl. of J." amsal) Eminent, conspicuous.
Peers, nobles, grandees, free-men. c- Jiu." Free states.
P v mj (or z amj), Stakes round which vines, beans, from about thirty to forty.
and other vegetables twine themselves. Heaps (of earth) on
which they place butts for shooting at with arrows. A sign, a
signal. A throne. A spade. A part. The 24th part of a firsang.
r umj, A kind of pottage. -
A&L'amjid, (pl. of As amjad) Most glorious, honourable.
p * z amj-kardah, Warmed.
p s-ti mj-gh, The world.
p Jli amdagi, Preparation, readiness.
* Cl." mdan (or J self amdah kardan), To pre zrahibu'l
pare, make ready, equip, expedite, dispatch. To laugh. To fill.
r f amidah, Prepared, ready, arranged, disposed in order,
equipped. Ripe. Made plain, clear, level. Resolved, deter
mined. Future, that will be. e-", self <-- ~~
To make ready and prepare the apparatus of war.
* A v amlis, (pl. of U-4- imlis) Barren deserts.
rA." mr, Numeration, calculation. Diligence, assiduity.
Asking, praying (for rain). Inquisition, investigation. Dropsy.
rj amr, Starch. Weaver's glue.
Aj. amr, Time. A sign, a mark, a signal.
Aj ammr, Intent upon, strongly inclined.
Aj. 3 &al immr, Name of a place.
A j' amrat, A sign, mark, or signal. Imrat, Dominion,
Power, authority, sovereignty, command. A government, a
district under the authority of a governor.
A jimrat, (iv of 23.) Moving, agitating (as a wind does
the trees). Causing to flow slowly (blood on the ground).
3. imrat, (1v of z) Laying in a stock (of provisions).
A
Melting, Pouring water upon saffron. Breaking off, or from.
A j ammrat, Governing strictly, rigorously. Having a
"g propensity or great desire. SA. U.S. Concupiscence.
A9). amrid, (pl. of or amrad) Beardless youths.
163 V)
p amar-gir (orAs&A. amrah-gir), An accomptant.
P 90.7 amrah (or y\" amrah), Computation, reckoning.
Enquiry, search. The dropsy.
P ej amzn, Prepared, ready. Coming.
A Sju." imzat, (1v of j) Separating, distinguishing.
Aju.) amzir, (pl. of Ajmazir) Brave, undaunted. Polished,
elegant, accomplished.
p v amas (or U-f ms), The blasting (of trees). Be
numbed, seized with the cramp. Planet-struck. A tumour.
fL ms, Swelling.
P e-ff msdan, To swell, become inflated. To rot. To
A 4-v. Amsyah, Name of a city in Cappadocia.
*J amash, A roasting-spit.
A & Euclimtat, (iv of arc) Removing, taking away, erasing,
abolishing. Departing from, digressing. Burning.
A &c." imeat, (1v of 8-c) Causing to flow.
Aje amatiz, (pl. of j amaz) Hard and stony grounds.
Aji=\" amatiz, (pl. of j* umtaz) Herds of mountain-goats
A c-ev- amzk, (pl. of Gx-matk) Widely-extended deserts.
A J amk, (pl. of J- mu-k) The inner corners of the eye.
A J. im-k, (1v of cs) Bursting into rage, or into tears
with excessive sobbing.
A e amkin, (pl. of J makn) Places, mansions, habi
tations. &:-- le amkin-i mutabarrakat, Holy places.
A J ml, (pl. of J." amal) Desires, hopes. Signs, sig
nals. Jucu, J- bani'l aml, Sons of hope. J.U. -*',
mi, (God) the granter of desires.
A &le amlat (from J."), Having an oval face.
A dual imlat, (1v of Jr.) Enriching.
A J imlat, (iv of Jr.) Causing to incline, bending.
A 2. Amalih, Name of a place.
A J amalis, (pl. of J" imlis) Barren deserts.
A amam, Before, prior to. <<!. Before thee, beware :
A imm, A head, chief, leader in religious matters, pre
late, priest, curate. A king. A general officer. A guide, an
exemplar, a pattern. Any book of instruction; the Kurn.
The table of the divine decrees. A mason's rule. A camel
driver. The leader in a troop of camels. An open royal road.
A tract of land leading to the temple of Mecca. Imm is some
times used to imply J. l. Imm Shaftiy, The first of the
four peers, equals, or heads of the four chief Muhammadan sects;
whom they call Imm, as our theologians say often, the Apostle,
when they mean the Apostle Paul.
P 99 el. imm-brah, A temple, a conclave. A place illu
minated at the festival of Muharram where the shrines of the
Imms Hasan and Husayn are visited with great veneration.
Y 2
 <\
A & A." immat (from ) amma), Setting an example. Taking
the lead in religious matters, performing the functions of an
Imm, or priest. The priestly office. Ummat, A body of 100
camels. A woman's name.
P se';*) imm-zdah, The son of a priest.
P J Imm kuli, Name of the son of Ndir Shh.
G J amamun, (A'uwuoy) Stone-parsley. Ginger.
A & immah, A tobacco-pipe. A pyramid of globes,
upon the top of a mosque.
A 3" Immiyat, Name of a sect among Muhammadans,
the sect of Aliy.
A J) amn, Security, safety, peace, tranquillity, protection.
Any treaty or agreement tending to bestow security, liberty, or
mercy. Sincerity, integrity. Respite, delay. ev Quarter!
mercy! P Js J amn-kghazi, A pass-port, safe conduct.
P e!" amn, Delay, suspension. A kettle-drum.
Ae ummn, Safe, secure, whatever gives security. An
ideot. .e." ummni, (du. of 2) umm) Two mothers; a mother
and aunt; also parents, father and mother.
A --Jl amnat, (or &\" amnah) A deposit, trust. Se
curity, safety. Fidelity. Sleep. Rectitude, sincerity. Imanat,
Faith, belief, religion. Umnat, One in whom you confide.
P Je c-j\,\ amnat dashtan, To deposit, to place in trust.
p_\xi\,\ amnat-dr, A depositary. Faithful, honest.
P s)<!" amnat-dr, Charge, trust, agency. Fidelity.
rjl. amanat-kr, An agent, a factor.
P J**) amandan, To be ready.
j imni, Refuge, retreat. A client. Tributary. Ex
P ing (to law). Making an example of Representing, exhibit
empt from tribute. Solicitude, care, caution. Delay, delibe
ration. A pair of kettle-drums.
t. amn, Security. Trust, charge, deposit. (Applied
.4
to land) that which is in charge of a collector on the part of go
vernment (in opposition to *A-\ ijarah, that which is farmed).
A jus! amanz, (pl. of 3..." umniyat) Desires, wishes.
p stl anah, (or s amah) A tumour. Name of a town.
A 3-stl imhat, (1v of 8) Giving water to drink. Pouring
water on the blade of a knife whilst grinding it, or into an ink
stand. Filling a pond. Digging to a spring of water. Rain
ing. Mixing. Impregnating (a stallion).
P Jers amhidan (or Js"), To swell, to be stupified.
A **) amyim, (pl. of -- amim) Blows upon the head.
Stones with which these blows are made.
P J amy, Fullness, repletion.
P J amydan, To make ready, to prepare. To fill.
P ex- ambard, A pear.
G_r,-- ambarsira, ("Augeoga) Ambrosia.
A & amat, (HEB. Tips) A female servant, a handmaid.
A -----' amt, (from ~~~~) Determining (by measure, man
ner, time). Being curved, inflected. Being steep and high.
164
High, prominent ground. A small hill. Ground covered with
small hills. A protuberance, as ) \d v. W. " "... The
skin is full, and there is no protuberance in it (being equally
stretched in every part). Diversity of opinion, doubtfulness;
"? ~~~~ Wine is forbidden there is no doubt of it.
A 3..." ammat, (from ) amma) Striking on the crown of the
head, so as to endanger the brain without touching it; also such
a fracture in the head. Immat, Grace, favour, benevolence.
A benefit. Religion, rule of life. State, condition, mode, form,
in anner. Celerity, dispatch. Ummat, A crowd, a company.
A nation, a people. Religion, sect, cast. Persons of the same
persuasion, followers, adherents: as J-2 &." The people of
Jesus, i.e. Christians; Ms" & " The people of Muhammad,
i.e. Muhammadans. Any genus of animals. An open road, a
highway. Time, occasion, opportunity. Obedience, submis
sion. Figure, stature. Face, surface. The world. Creatures.
Haste. Glee, sprightliness.
A L. imt, (iv of ~) Walking badly, ungracefully. Abound
ing in the necessaries of life.
A **** imtat, (1 v of S-9) Enjoying. Permitting to enjoy,
bestowing, making plenty. Superseding. Independence.
A P e-- ummatn, (Pers. pl. of &l ummat) Peoples, nations.
A \ imtit, (v111 of 3:) Drawing (a bow) to the utmost.
A c-" imtitah, (v11.1 of **) Tearing away. Carrying off.
Ajax." imtitr, (v11.1 of 2) Being extended, lengthened out.
e-- imtitn, (v111 of e-c) Striking the side of the back.
A
A J- imisal, (v11.1 of J) Obeying, submitting, conform
ing, rehearsing. Imitating. Obedience, obsequiousness.
A sve" imtih, (v111 of s) Becoming expunged, obliterated.
A Usis) imtihsh, (v111 of Uis.") Being burnt. Anger.
A Jest- imtihz, (v11.1 of visi) Drinking pure milk.
A Jsi intihk, (v11.1 of Cst") Being abolished, or can
celled. Being burnt, or scorched. Perishing.
Aest." imtihn, (v11.1 of cs) Examining, weighing atte"
tively. Opening, enlarging the heart (God). Clearing ou a
well. An experiment, attempt, proof, examination. ,-ul
& J.' imtihnt-i ilahiyat, Divine temptations.
A 'sic imtikh, (v111 of es.") Removing to a distance.
A cst- imtikhakh, (viii of 2. makhkha) Taking marr
A jki." intikhr, (v111 of A^) Selecting the best of any
thing. Extracting the marrow from a bone. Snuffing up the
wind (a horse galloping at full speed).
A U2sic imtikhas, (v111 of Lsz") Bringing forth ( a Ca
mel). Churning.
A Plt.limtikht, (v11.1 of lak) Blowing the nose. Unsheath
ing a sword. Putting forth one's whole strength in drawing *
bow. Snatching any thing from the hand of another.
A'-." imtida, (vi.11 of xx) Drawing out.
 <) 165 <--)
A c- intidah, (v11.1 of cs) Praising. Self-applause. A Jlimtitt, (viii of Ja-) Granting a delay for the pay
A x" imtidid, (v111 of we madda) Being extended. ment of a debt. Shooting forth (a plant).
Protraction, prolongation, production, extension, prorogation. imtitd, (viii of x) Travelling, perambulating.
A ex~!
c-ex imtidad-i hayt, Prolongation of life. 2's." Drawing or seizing any thing rapidly.
A U-ve." imtitas, (viii of v) Rubbing (the backside) on
J imtidid-i zamn, Protraction, length, or process of, time.
Aj. imtidar, (vi.11 of y) Taking a clod or lump of clay. the ground.
A J imtidash, (v11.1 of U***) Taking. Snatching. A JAw--/ intit, (viii of L4xx) Anger, grief, vexation.
A J&J intizk, (v111 of J&c) Being diluted with water. A bl imtitit, (v111 of ax.) Falling off (hair).
AV+. intird, (VIII of re) Doubting. Doubt, scepticism. a& amtigat, (pl. of *** matz) Goods, wares, merchan
Dissolving the clouds in rain (wind). Drawing out. dises. P \ eye." Merchandise of great value.
Aj." intir, (viii of jr.) Cozening, defrauding; keep A 99. imtighat, (v111 of lax) Being stretched (a bow).
ing a partner out of his property. Injuring the reputation of Advancing (the day). Drawing (a sword).
another. A k-. imtikt, (v111 of laic) Extracting.
A J-> imtiras, (vi.11 of Urs) Rubbing one's self against A t- intikt, (v11.1 of six) Sucking (the udder) dry.

"; thing. Brawling, wrangling. Altercation. Rancour. Changing colour from fear or terror.
A J-" intirsh, (viii of Jr.) Wrenching. Seizing. A Ji- imtikak, (v11.1 of Go makka) Draining (the udder).

Siaching any thing from the hand of another. AJ'' imtikr, (vi.11 of K.) Being stained with a substance

A}}" imtirt, (v11.1 of b, .) Grasping, seizing, collecting. produced from a tree called K. makr. Being deceived.
A J imtirak, (v11.1 of Jr.) Flying swiftly (an arrow).
A t intikk, (v111 of J. C. makka) Sucking, imbibing.
|
A z imtizaj, (v11.1 of rs) Union, mixture, conjunction, A k-) intil-a, (viii of "..) Repletion, indigestion.
concord, companionship, intercourse, fellowship. cls. ,*} A g." imtitaj, (v11.1 of 3 *) Sucking (the teat.)

t-d A disposition tempered with excellence. A & imtilakh, (v11.1 of **) Unsheathing (a sword).
A}}<! intizz, (v11.1 of >, mazza) Dishonouring another.
A-. intis", (viii of 3-c) Taking the whole (of another's Drawing (a tooth). Unbridling (a horse).
a & imtilz, (v111 of 3) Receiving a gift.
substance).
A-. imtisa, (v11.1 of us--) Being athirst. A}}" imtitat, (v111 of Wale) Hauling, pulling to one's self.
A t- intilt, (v11.1 of t...) Travelling quick (a camel).
* " imtisk, (viii of <<--) Seizing, holding fast.
"J- intisil, (v111 of J-2) Drawing (a sword). Skinning a sheep (beginning at the neck). Passing quickly by.
A\d imtish, (v11.1 of us-s) Having a numerous offspring. Snatching hastily.
A Jk." imtilak, (v111 of c-) Blotting out. Extracting.
Au- imtishsh, (viii of J.-- mashsha) Obtaining part of
another's property. -
A J..." imtilal, (v111 of J_c malla) Baking (bread) upon the
Ak. imtisht, (VIII of.) Combing herself (a woman). embers. Walking fast. Tossing from side to side in bed. Em

:
At- imtisht, (v111 of **-*) Milking (the udder) dry. bracing a certain religion. -

Twitching, snatching another's garment. Drawing a sword. A U-slimtina, (viii of J) Arriving in the valley of Mina'.
A c intinah, (v11.1 of **) Receiving a present.
A J- imtishak, (v111 of G-c) Seizing any thing from the
Being
hand of another. Milking (the udder) dry. Cutting off, separat loaded with benefits (from God).
A &\-- imtinat, (v111 of **) Refusing, denying. Abstain
ing. Being imprisoned.
**...! imtishak, (v11.1 of <<) Holding, keeping. ing, refraining. P J **) To refuse, deny, reject, abstain.
A J...! *tishl, (viii of J) Drawing a sword. A J- imtinan, (v11.1 of er manna) Upbraiding one with a

A e-A imtishn, (v11.1 of c-) Breaking off. Dragging
away by force. Grasping (a sword).
^{< imtisakh, (v11.1 of **) Stripping the leaves from
the plants
summ and J- nasty.
*A*- imtisar, (v11.1 of 2.) Milking a camel with the ends
of the fingers.
*Ja- intisis, (viii of U2, massa) Sipping, sucking.
s A a- intisiit, (v11.1 of 8-2.) Travelling, journeying.
*Ji! inticiz, (v111 of Lic mazza) Smarting (a wound).
Alc imtiti, (v111 of **) Using (a horse).
benefit conferred. Reaching to the utmost of what another has.
r &f amatah, A faggot. A funeral-pile.
A \l intih, (viii ofJ") Sharpening (a paring-knife).
A zle." imtihj, (v11.1 of **) Swooning, fainting.
A Je." intihn, (v111 of cc) Taking one as a servant,
making use of his service. Becoming a servant. Weakening.
A c- imtiyah, (v11.1 of ) Walking with stateliness and
elegance. Making a present. Interceding, deprecating.
a c-' imti-d, (v111 of ev.) Gain, acquisition.
Aj." imti-ar, (v11.1 of it.) Failing (rain).
 e-c)
A_\,) imtiyr, (v111 of re) Victualling one's household.
Aj\," imtiyz, (v111 of >) Separating. Being separated.
Separation, distinction, difference, discrimination. Pre-emi
nence. P e33'-- To make a distinction, to separate, discover.
A j." imtiyzy, Possessing the quality of discriminating.
A J..." amsl, (pl. of J... masal) Examples, similes. Re
semblances, equals. Fables, proverbs, adages. Imsal, (1v of
J-2) Punishing by way of example, retaliating (as eye for eye).
A J..." amsal, More or most like. Most excellent, most pro
per for imitation, most praise-worthy.
A 4-clamsilah, (pl. of J- misal) Exemplars. Fables.
A e- amsan, Having no retention of urine.
A J;-- umsill, A verse, sentence, or saying, worthy of repe
tition or quotation. -
a & amaj, Extreme heat or thirst. Very hot.
A ** imjaj, (1 v of majja) Travelling, making a tour.
Beginning to run (a horse) before (he is) warm.
A * amjd, (pl. of A-L, mjid or s majd) Glorious.
Ajs" imjr, (1v of , s not in use) Buying or selling any
animal, whilst in the belly of the mother, (which is forbidden by
the Muhammadan law). Having a large foetus (a camel).
A Js" imjl, (1v of J) Contracting a hardness (the hand)
from hard labour. Hardening the hand (hard labour).
re-s amjakhtan, To covet, to desire earnestly.
A x=" amjad, More or most excellent, or glorious.
A \se" immih, (v11 of 3~") Being obliterated.
A cs." imhah, (Iv of mahha) Wearing thread-bare.
A Ulls" imhash, (1v of U s.) Burning, searing.
A Jels." imhas, (1v of Last") Shining (as the sun, especially
after an eclipse)
A JAls imhaz, (1v of Lis") Drinking pure milk, without
any mixture of water. Demonstrating sincere love.
A J's." imhak, (1v of Cs") Cancelling. Depriving of a
blessing. Perishing, dying away.
A clus" imhk, (iv of cs") Moroseness, surliness.
A Jus" imhl, (iv of Je) Being barren (ground). Suf
fering from barrenness or scarcity (people). Misery.
A vas" amhas, One who receives the excuse of another,
without examining into its truth or fallacy.
A &;=" umhuzat, Sincere and faithful admonition.
A ** imkhakh, (1v of a makkha) Being full of marrow
(a bone). Being mealy (an ear of corn). Being full of sap (a
branch). Fattening (a camel).
A JA&" imkhz, (iv of Jak) (Milk) being properly pre
pared for making butter. Drinking (milk) in that state.
A 2's" amkht, (pl. of lak" makhit) Generous (princes).
Imkht, (1v of Was") Shooting (an arrow) and making it pierce.
P e-k amakhtan, (or easy." amukhtan) To learn, or teach.
P & T mad, He came. Arrival. Income.
A 3.7 amid, A freighted ship.
166
r x." amd, Time, season, opportunity.
A & amad, The end, extremity, boundary, age, term (of
life), catastrophe. A goal. Anger. * **, *.*.*.*. A
long space of time. Amid, (A man) full of good or bad qualities.
Amida, The metropolis of Mesopotamia (Diyr bakar).
A & amadd, More or most extended.
A "&" amd, (pl. of -, mudy) Mudds, certain measures
used in Egypt, Syria, &c. of different dimensions; with some
about 2 lb. or 1 lb. 3 quarters; with others as much as the two
hands will hold; and about 500 drams in other parts. Imd, (iv
of s-- not in use) Granting a delay, tolerating. Advancing in
years, growing old. Drinking a great quantity of milk.
A 2'-' imdad, (iv of ~ madda) Assisting, aiding, helping,
succouring. Furnishing with as much ink as the pen will hold.
Issuing from a sore (matter). Yielding fruit. Becoming juicy
(a plant). Name of a well.
r x." ~T mad amad, Approach.
A Je." imiddan, Very salt (water).
P &A.T amadanah (or G" amadani), Accidental, casual,
fortuitous, adventitious. Imports.
A 3- undat, The remains, the rest. A surplus.
AJ<! amdar, Large-bellied. Shining either from his own
colour, or from being besmeared with dung (a hyena).
r 3) &T imad raft (or A: 3 T mad shud), Coming and
going, ingress and egress. Intercourse. Travellers, passen
gers. A high-way.
A J." amdash, (A man) having a slender flexible hand.
P J A T mad shudan, Coming and going.
P e amadan, To come, arrive. Coming, arrival, entry.
r (33.7 amadan-gh, A place of meeting, a rendezvous.
r j< amadani, Income, impost, revenue. The season at
which any merchandize generally arrives. Perquisites, any
thing gained over and above.
A &---- umduhat, Praise. A praise-worthy action.
f s-T amadah, Come. A joke, a pleasantry, an impromptu,
***** amadah-gir, Receiving, welcoming, greeting.
A & amdiyat, (pl. of J.A., madly) Ponds unenclosed with
stones. Gutters which carry off superfluous water from wells.
A "&" ims, (1v of J&c) Turning (a horse) to grass, Di
luting very much (wine). Playing the bawd to one's own wife.
A_\&" imzr, (1v of J&c) Corrupting, rotting (an egg).
A t." amzah, Chafing between the thighs. Stinking.
A J.3." imsilal, (1x of J*) Being torpid, languid.
A 2.7 mir, (part.) Commanding, ordering, issuing mandates.
One of the five, or, according to some, seven days (called
j al tajuz) of the winter solstice. Name of the first month
of the Muhammadan year, during which they are forbidden to
fight. This, however, is in the old dialect, the more modern
name being Muharram (prohibited). 2 ex' 2," (The coin
mander of the pen and ink) God. Muhammad.
 _*)
:: A2. amara, (fut.2% ya-muru) He commanded.
A2. amr, (from r") Commanding. A mandate, edict, de
cree, precept,diploma, commission, ordinance, brief (in gram.)
The affirmative imperative of a verb. p. J2. amr kardan,
To command. A Amr, A thing, business, affair, action. 2.
--, amr-i matri. A self-evident duty. ** 2.) amr-i mu
himm, An affair of importance. Imr, A severe mandate, an op
pressive command. Grievous. A wonderful thing. Amar,
Being vehement, heavy, hard. (pl. of 52. amarat), Small stones
which they erect in the deserts to shew travellers the way.
P," amar, The end of any business.
A amarr, More bitter. The intestines which contain the
dung. A misfortune, an evil. z. 3 u amarr, Name of a place.
Ar immar, Imprudent, weak, silly. A lambkin.
A ir imra-a, A man. A he-wolf.
sy." mr (s SITT mra) The mangoe.
r!" amr, (in anc. Pers.) A post-horse. Amara, Wine.
Ayal imr, (iv of re) Emitting milk in streams (a camel).
A ! umara, (pl. of L- amir) Commanders, governors,
Princes, grandees, amirs. ; r. Great princes or lords.
A jimr-a, (iv ofy.) Agreeing with a man (food).
**r imra-at. A woman. A she-wolf.
A <!- amrat, (pl. of r mart) Deserts, solitudes, wastes.
Barren, desert. (Men) having no hair upon the eye-brows.
A r imraj, (1v of gr) (God) permitting (the seas) to
flow freely. Feeding (flocks). Violating (a treaty). Bringing
forth an abortion (a camel).
A cy. imrah, (1v of cr) Putting (a horse) into great spi
fils (by giving him oats, &c.).
*t," imrkh, (1v of tr.) Softening, macerating, or exte
nuating (any mass of matter), by overflowing or diluting with
Water.
AJr. amrar, (pl. of 3, mirrat) Galls, biles, bitter things.
Powers, strengths, durability of bodies. Intellects, faculties,
Pwers of the understanding, strength of judgment, vigour of
mind. y Al amrar, Name of a place, and of a mountain.
Imrr, (iv of r marra) Being extremely bitter. Embittering.
Speaking bitter words. Being tainted with mildew or smut
(""). Causing to pass by. Twisting tight (a rope). Wrest
ling, Throwing prostrate.
*u-,-] amras, (pl. of *r marasat) Ropes. Imrs, (1v of
vr) Wiping (the hand) with a towel. Placing right upon a
*y (a rope that had slipt aside). Fixing or laying the hand
upon any thing.
A Jr amrash, (pl. of Jr marsh) Lands made smooth or
level by the overflowing of water.
A.J.," amrz, (pl. of Jy maraz) Diseases, maladies, dis
*mpers &al, ~A)." Phlegmatic diseases. ** Jr- Pes
"ential disorders, l Jy Various infirmities. Imrz,
167 _x)
(ty of Jy) Making sick, throwing into a disorder. Finding
one indisposed, and taking care of him. Having distempered
cattle. Being near the truth; following the dictates of reason.
Aky." imrt, (1v of br) (A palm-tree) being naked (by the
falling of the unripe dates). Being fit for pulling (hair).
A. y." amrz, (pl. of 83 re marit) (Places) abounding with
grass, herbage, or other produce. Imrt, (1v of & r) Emitting
(urine) through fear. Abounding with grass (a place). Having
cattle grazing in such a place. Anointing the head abundantly.
A &y imrgh, (1v of #2") Spitting, slavering, foaming.
Blabbing, chattering. Thinning (a mass of paste) with water.
A. J," imrk, (iv of Jr.) Making broth in a sufficient
quantity (a pot). Pulling the wool from the skin.
A ey- amrn, The tendon of the elbow. Imrn, (1v ofer')
Being very old.
A -ey amarrn, (du.) The two bitters, poverty and old age.
A 3,) amrat, A single command. A royal mandate. Imrat,
(fromr) Becoming an amir, prince, or governor. A govern
ment, principality, dominion. Accession, increase (of wealth).
Use, management (of riches). Amarat, A small mile or way
stone, which is erected in the deserts. Name of a place.
A 3,) immarat, Weak, silly, imprudent. A young lamb.
A tr Amrakh, Name of a mountain in Egypt.
P 92.7 amard, The fruit of the tree clV) ark.
A r anrad, Beardless, and handsome (youth). Leafless
(branch). (A horse) having little hair about his heels.
P --> 9," amrad-parast, A pederast.
P 5, f amurz, Remitting, absolving, forgiving.
P}, .) imirz, (vul. mirz) A prince, nobleman, chevalier.
r Jj," amurzish, Remission, absolution, forgiveness.
PJir amurx-gr, Forgiving, compassionate, merciful.
Prs' amurz-gri, Compassion, forgiveness.
P e amurzandagn, The merciful.
* **}i," amurzandah, Pitying, forgiving.
P Jj' amurzidan, To forgive, remit, absolve.
A br amrat, Smooth-cheeked (man). Thin-eyebrowed.
Unfeathered (arrow). Watery (eye). Light-bodied (man).
Bald (wolf). A robber.
A tr amrut, (pl. of 8-ys marit) (Places) abounding with
grass, herbage, or other produce.
P # , f margh, True. Amurgh, A little, a few, somewhat.
Quantity. Value, price, profit. Stock, capital. Power, rank.
re," amrd (or ~," amrt), A pear. A guava.
rj," imrz, (for c in and jy roz) To-day.
P le; jr- imrz-farda, To-day or to-morrow.
Pj;," imrz (or 4452y imrznah), Of to-day. -
A &e," umruzat, (Ground) cultivated, and very productive.
P r- amrugh, High, exalted, sublime. Venerable. Ter
rible, horrible. A little, a few, somewhat.
 A. 5r" amr wa nahy, Commands and prohibitions, orders
and counter-orders. Absolute authority.
A. ," amrah, (A man) having sore eyes from neglecting to
anoint them with eye-salve.
A cy." imzah, (1v of cr) Conducting (a vine) along the
trellis or arbour, round which it twines and supports itself.
A &-> amzijat, (pl. ofr mizaj) Mixtures. Constitutions.
AJ." amzar, Stronger, more undaunted.
p U-1 amus, A capacious goblet of wine.
A J.--'ams, (U-3) al amsa, or L bill amsa), Yesterday.
A U-) amass, More or most. Principal.
A V-J ims, (iv of 3-c) Becoming evening. Being, becom
ing (unfortunate).
A s-" ims-a, (iv of " ) Being saucy, froward, cross.
Steering the middle course, being moderate. Exciting discord.
A c- amsh, (pl. of- mis-h) Pack-saddles. Hair-cloths,
sack-cloths. Bags, sacks. Highways.
A. J--> imss, (1v of U-c massa) Ordering or causing one
to touch, making contiguous. Rubbing with the hand.
A c-" imsk, (iv of --) Keeping, holding. Standing.
Abstaining (from speaking). Parsimony, savingness. Scarcity.
P J.-- imsal, (for J- e') This year. Je ** J.--
-3) 8);-e-j Will you go this year to India? So, thus.
A 2- amsakh, More insipid.
A&- amsilat, (pl. of J-s masal) Channels of torrents.
A r;-- amsith, A ship-plank of an oblong form.
A t;-- amskh, A plant of a knotty species, with leaves re
sembling the olive, and red fruit of an astringent bitter.
A e- amsiy, Yesterday's, of yesterday.
A &- ums?yat, Evening-tide.
A \." insh, (iv of 3-c.) Ordering one to walk or march.
Directing the steps. Making one to abound in cattle. Having,
or causing, a looseness in the belly.
A z- amshj, (pl. of ** mash.j) Mixed (things). Mis
cellanies, mixtures. Collectae sordes in umbilico. Semen cum
sanguine mixtum.
Aj- imshr, (1v of -s) Shooting forth sprigs and leaves
(plants). Producing herbage, &c. (grounds).
P ~~~~ amshspand (or x~\-" amshsfand), An angel.
A J- imshash, (1v of U-c mashsha) Being full of marrow
(a bone). Happening, befalling.
P L- imshash, Measure, rule. Comparison.
A}\-" amsht, (pl. of at-, mushut) Combs.
A J" imshk, (1v of G-) Lashing, scourging.
P --~~ imshab, (from e. in and - shab) To-night.
A &- amshak, (A man) chafed between the thighs.
A Je." mis, Raw meat put into vinegar. A kind of dish
made with veal, &c. Broth made of meat, flour, vinegar, &c.
which is allowed to cool after the fat is skimmed off.
A t imskh, (1v of **) Plucking the leaves of the
plants ** summ and J- nisy. Coming into leaf (a tree).
AJa amsr, (pl. of rare misr) Cities, great cities.
A Java- imss, (1v of La massa) Making one sip.
A &\a." imse, (1v of 8-ax) Diminishing in milk (a camel).
Possessing such camels. Shooting forth leaves (the box-thorn).
A Ja imsl, (1v of J.a.) Exhausting sheep (by milking).
Bringing forth an immature foetus (a woman).
A $2.24 amsidat, (pl. of eas masd) Summits of a mountain.
A 3,-4) amsirat, (pl. of >2< masr) The intestines.
A & 2," umsikhat, A leaf of a kind of thistle and of the
herb ** summ.
A U2' amz, Being regardless of reproof.
A Vic) imz, (iv of J-) Causing to pass or penetrate.
Transmitting, dispatching. Subscription, signature.
A c-i- imzah, (1v of **) Dishonouring, disparaging. Dif
fusing rays (the sun).
A J-i- imzz, (1v of Lic matza) Giving pain (a wound).
Burning (the eye) any thing acrid. Pricking.
A &\i. imsgh, (iv of 8-3.) Bearing ripe dates (a palm
tree). Being fit to eat.
A t;-- umskh, The leaves of the plant * summ.
AJi- amza', More or most acute, penetrating, prominent.
A U-4 amt, (pl. of Wax mat) Backs. (pl. of lar matic)
Things long, particularly long split branches of the palm-tree,
with which they bind trees together. (pl. of 3.2 matiyat) Rid
ing-camels, upon which people travel. Horses, beasts of burthen.
Imt, (1v of;...) Employing as a beast of burden.
A_\a. amtar, (pl. of A- matar) Rains. Imtar, (iv of A.)
Causing to rain. Sending a superabundance of rain (God).
A Ja- unty, Well-proportioned, tall in stature. A kind of
gum which they eat. A tree which grows among sand.
A\,...) imss, (iv of a massa) Seasoning green wood.
A t immat (or & immagat), Weak in mind, imprudent.
One who snatches another's victuals, or comes to table uninvited.
A\x." amt, (pl. of a mat:y) Intestines. Jy &\x...' Worms.
Aj imaar, (iv of A.) Being destitute of travelling-provi
sions, poor. Stripping (another) of (his) possessions.
Aj." imss, (iv of j.) Abounding in she-goats.
ge-- amaisiyn, (O'upxicy) Juice of grapes.
A Jew." imaaz, (1v of U2-s) Taking amiss. Enraging.
A x" immisit, (v11 of lax) Being bald. A scald.
A J antak, (pl. of Gx-c matk) Widely-extended deserts.
Imtk, (1v of Gx-s) Making deep.
A Cx..." imaal, (1v of Je) Diverting from a purpose, "
ing one from anything. Walking fast. Hastening, causing to
make haste. Going on badly (business). Gelding (a colt).
e.V." imn, (1v of ex-) Being far advanced (in any busi
A
ness). Looking intently, gazing, considering, reflecting, *P*
 J 169
lating. Penetration, acumen. Flowing (water). Advancing
(in age or growth), proceeding. Being possessed of wealth.
Being poor. Hiding (as a lizard in its hole). Carrying off
(what injustice belongs to another). Submitting,
AA. amgar, One whose hair or mails are dropping off. (A
place) bare of grass or other herbage.
Aj. amtaz, Hard, gravelly soil.
Alix. amat, A wolf, one especially that is bare of pile, bald.
Wolf-like, i.e. a robber, a thief.
Aj}~" untilz, The goat-species. A herd of wild goats, about
thirty or forty.
A Jlimghd, (iv of &c.) Drinking much. Suckling a child.
Aj imghr, (iv ofA.) (A sheep) emitting, (whilst milk
ing), blood (along with the milk).
A Jew." amghas, (pl. of Lake maghas) Choice camels of the
finest sort. Imghs, (1v of Lak) Causing a pain in the bowels.
A J imghl, (1v of Je) Suckling, whilst pregnant. Con
ceiving twice in one year (a sheep or goat), bringing forth twice
in every year. Bearing a child every year, and conceiving
again before the year is gone. Having camels afflicted with a dis
temper in consequence of eating too greedily of green herbage.
Aj amghar, Red-haired. Of a russet-brown. Reddish
skinned. Dun, chesnut-coloured (horse).
"J-lumsiyn, ('Oupxiov) The juice of unripe grapes.
.#
A Glamak (for J), The corner of the eye, next the nose.
Ac anakk, Long-bodied (horse). Lank (thigh). Dis
tant (country).
Aj imkr, (iv of ic) Being bitter, acrid. Being insipid
(as milk, or vegetables). Rendering bitter.
A J imkl, (1v of Jic) Ducking one another.
A & amkah, Blue, water-coloured (wine). Distant, re
mole. Barren (place). Having few eye-lashes; tender-eyed.
**k, amkj, Very high, extremely elevated.
A J%. imkin, (1v of e) Investing with authority, esta
blishing. Being possible; possibility, contingency (in opposi
lionto ex- ww.jud, necessity, or necessary existence). (Ingram.)
Being declinable. Having eggs in the belly (a lizard).
A& amkana, (pret. of e." Iv) It may be, it is allowed.
2.) * < *. His dignity (or authority) near the prince is
very high. How great is his interest with the prince
A&" amkinat, (pl. of J%. makin) Places, mansions.
*Ji Amul, Name of a town in Tabaristn, and of one situated
on the river Oxus.
#A J. amala, (fut. J gya-mulu) He hoped.
AJ<! aml, (from J.") Hoping. Hope. Iml or amal, Hope.
Umul, (pl. of J amil) Large, wide-extended, sandy hills.
A. imla, (iv of 3...) Filling. Lengthening (a rope). Grant
ing a delay. Inditing. Describing. Writing correctly.
A l'aml-a, (pl. of W., mala-a) Crowds, troops, people.
J
Opinions. (pl. of W. mil-a) Things which fill another. Iml-a,
(iv of "..) Enriching. Drawing (a bow-string) tight.
A3+, iml-an, Orthographically,
A g." imlaj, (1v of g) Suckling.
a c- amiah, (pl. of 2 mill) salted, pickled (fish, &c.).
Name of a place. (pl. of malih) Good, beautiful, agree
able, gracious. Salt (waters). Imlil, Gs of r saling too
much (in cooking). Drinking salt water. Becoming salt or
brackish (water which was once sweet).
Aj." imlz, (1v of;...) Going away (with any one).
A L-k imlas, (1v of vl.) Being bare or naked (a sheep
whose wool has dropped off). Escaping, getting free.
A C." immils, (v11 of U) Escaping. Being taken
away (sight). Being smooth, bare. -
A Je ims, (iv of J.A.) Bringing forth a dead child.
A%. amlt, (pl. of all mill) Bad men, thieves. Obscurely
born. Imlat, (1v of 4...) (A camel) bringing forth an abortion
(before the hair has begun to grow upon the foetus).
A t." imlt, (1v of **) Skinning a sheep, beginning at the
neck. Suckling. Walking fast (a camel).
A ." amlagh, (pl. of t." milgh) Fools. Obscene talkers.
Imlgh, (1v of t." not in use) Mocking, scoffing, laughing at.
P J..." Imlak, Name of a country in Turkistan.
A Jlimlk, (1v of c) Being reduced to want, becoming
impotent. Sliding, stumbling, falling (horse).
A J." immilk, (v11 of c) Being smooth and even. Es
caping, withdrawing.
A , amlk, (pl. of <<!-- malk) Kings. Kingdoms.
(pl. of ~<!- mulk) Goods, riches, possessions. Countries, es
tates (pl. of ~1.2 malak) Angels. Imlak, (1v of 3...)
Putting one in possession of any thing. Appointing a king.
Taking a wife. Betrothing. Causing one to marry. Quench
ing thirst. Kneading. Marriage, the marriage-contract.
A J...) imlal, (iv of Je malla) Being long and tedious (a
journey). Annoying, vexing. Dictating a letter. Confession.
A slimlh, (iv of a., not in use) Arriving at the age of
puberty (a girl). -
A &timlat, Hope. A manner of sitting down. 3..." J}) \,
m attrala imlatuha, He hopes very long; how great is his
faith ! Amalat, Assistants, defenders, guards, garrisons.
A 2: | amlaj, Poor. The myrabolan tree. (Pers. 4.7).
A 2*) amlah, (A ram) variegated with black and white wool.
Blue-eyed. (A troop of horsemen) glittering in arms. (A
night) white with dew or hoar frost. Best, most proper.
A c imlihh, (1x of *) Being black and white (a ram).
A A Alamlahni, Name of a tract of country.
A N. amlad, amlud, or imlid, Delicate, (boy, branch, &c.).
Z
 *"
A vl. amlas, Even, smooth. Sound-backed (horse).
Alal. amlat, Smooth-bodied. Featherless (arrow).
A 8-1-
amlagh, Obscene (discourse).
A ~!" umlut, A barren plain, a desert.
A !." umlud, (fem. sex." umludat) Tender, delicate.
A eley." umludan, (or G." umludniy) A desert.
A <!-- umluk, (pl. of <<!-- malk) Kings.
r & T mulah or amlah, (s STTTfi) The myrabolan-tree.
A 34.<\imlid, Tender (boy or branch). A desert.
A v." imlis (or 34. imlisat), A barren desert.
...A J--!> imlisis, (x1 of vl.) Blindness. Sleekness.
A J-4-
imlisy, (A wild pomegranate) hollow in the heart.
A J-4- imlis, A swift pace. An accelerated journey.
A -- amam, (from *") Being near. Being moderately dis
tant. Approaching. Manifest. Easy. Small, few. Oppo
te, from the other side. | er, min amam, Hard by, near at
hand. -- amam dari, Opposite my house. "Ll c-a
* I was not injured by the smallest injury. Umam, (pl. of
*" ummat) People, nations. Sects, religions. Herds.
P er man, Circumference, circuit (in general applied as a
minor term, when compared to something of the same kind of a
greater circumference or extent).
A er aman, The best. The most sincere.
A er imin, Secure, safe, fearing nothing.
*A cr amana, (fut. er Ja-munu) He confided.
skA c amina, (fut. er, ya-minu)
5.
He was secure.
*A cr amuna, (fut. J gya-munu) He was trust-worthy.
A er." amn, Shelter, refuge, an asylum.
A er aman, (from er") Faith, confidence, trust. Security,
repose, peace, liberty, safety. Rectitude, sincerity, integrity.
A U. amn, (pl. of U. man) Minas, certain weights of
about 21bs. (but according to some 6lbs.). Scales, balances.
Measures for dry goods. Imn, (iv of J-3) Arriving and liv
ing in the valley of Mecca, called Mina'. Primis decem vel
quindecim diebus dignosci non potens camelam mum conceperit
necne. U.S.A., 2 U. amanna wa sadakna, We believed and
acknowledged as true.
A U- uman, (pl. of e- amin) Prefects. Tax-gatherers,
collectors of revenue. Superintendants, supervisors.
A c imnah, (Iv of) Being near bringing forth (a camel).
A e- amnn, (pl. of cr mann) Weights of about 21bs, each.
Imnn, (iv of cr manna) Fatiguing (a journey).
r & T manat, Split wood, put up in bundles for sale.
A 3...) amanat, Security. Faith, confidence. Aminat, A wo
man's name. Umanat, Unsuspecting. A trustee, a depository.
A s-- amnat, More inaccessible, more strongly fortified.
A - amniyat, Security, repose. A place of safety.
A 3-2 umniyat, Desire, wish.
P 3.7 m, A tumour, swelling, inflation. Am or Ab-i m, with another woman.
170 j
The name of the river Oxus, Bactrus or Jihn, called also
Nahr-i Balkh, The river of Balkh. It rises in the mountains of
Imaus, dividing Irn (Persia) from Trn (Transoxania), and
runs nearly from east to west; till, splitting into two branches,
one of them falls into the Caspian sea, and the other into Aral
nahr, or the Lake of Eagles.
p :-) amu, Jealousy.
A <2\,) amwat, (pl. of ~~~~ mayyit) The dead.
A c-amawt, (pl. of &lamat) Servant-maids, hand-maids.
A z- mawj) Waves, billows.
amwaj, (pl. of gr
A J';*) amwak, (pl. of Je milk) Strong boots.
A J amical, (pl. of Ju ml) Riches, goods, effects.
A Jr. imwan, (pl. of & amat) Servant-maids.
A *\,...) amicah, (pl. of A. mi-a) Waters.
A 32-) amwat, inwat, or umwat, A maid-servant.
r 2.7 amut, A bird's nest.
A --> umut, (pl. of - amt) Unequal grounds. High
grounds. Differences (in opinion). Doubts. Hills, hillocks or
unequal rugged grounds. Altitudes, protuberances, projections.
Proper regulations for living. Weaknesses. Distortions about
the mouth. Wrinkles or folds in loose garments.
A $3. umuwwat (from V."), Becoming a maid-servant.
r amtiy, Adamsel, a hand-maid.
A gr amwaj, Corpulent.
Hasty. A fool.
P e amokhtan, To teach, to learn. To swell, to blow up.
r &-> mkhtah, Taught. Learnt. Swelled, inflated.
P e amdan (for e mdan), To prepare. To
adorn. To mix. To fill.
P sex." mudah, Full. Mixed. Plucked up. Prepared. In
structed, taught. An interpretation. A jewel, a pearl.
ry;" mr, A tumour.
Ayrs amur, Commanding, ordering. Umur, (pl. of," amr)
Things, affairs, acts, deeds, businesses. J <--> Jr. Affairs
of state and religion. **- J;" Good, beautiful, elegant
things. ^xte Jr." Public, or state-affairs.
P s y;" umur-didah, Experienced, skilful in affairs.
rj," amoz, Teaching. Learned, skilful. 3" Ule danish
amoz, Skilled in science, a doctor, learned man. jj kar
mz, Experienced, clever, ready in business.
P Jj," amozanidan (or ex};" mzndan), To teach.
To cause to learn or teach.
* L3.7 amozish, Instruction.
*_\}}< mz-gar, A teacher. A learner.
P 39;..." mz-nk, A teacher. A student. A name of God.
P **}}< mzandah, Teaching. Learning.
P Jj>< amozidan, To teach. To learn.
r L->e amus, Bishop's weed. A seed put into bread.
P -rl amusnz, A woman who has a husband in common
 J
--
171
P & mgh, Gravity, reverence, venerability. Terror,
dread. Quantity, measure. Stature.
A Jr." Amal, Name of a place.
G Jr." amalan, ("Auvacy) Starch.
A ** ummat (from ~<!), Being a mother. Maternity.
rer mn, Firm, strong, bold. A circuit. Mixture. Filled of ground. Easy journies or ways.
to the brim. of river.
Name a
A er" amn, Firm, steady (camel), not apt to trip.
A r Amity, Name of a town and of a tribe near the river
Oxus or Jihun.
A r. amawiy, Servile, in the station of a maid-servant.
A. 3 Umatriy, A descendant of 3..." Umayyat.
pl Amiyah, The river Oxus.
r &l amah, An ink-stand. A bundle of sticks.
*A*. amaha, (fut. <\; gya-muhu) He enjoined.
A amh (from 3..."), Being afflicted with pustules called
*"amihat (cattle). Amah, Creatures, people. Oblivion: as,
& AwAS It was recollected after being forgotten.
A\t imh, (iv of 3&c) Grinding or sharpening (a sword,
lancet, or knife). Making (milk) thin and watery. Diluting
very much (wine with water). Giving (a sword) a fine water,
making it very bright. Giving (a horse) the reins, driving him
at full gallop, till he sweats and foams.
A **ummaht, (pl. of a) umm) Mothers. P ** .**)
w- The four maternal or elementary qualities (in man).
*}= f & 9 *~...~\j- The four mothers below, and
the nine fathers above; i.e. The four elements and the nine
heavens. J- Acc. The earth, this world.
A Jl amhd, (pl. of Ato muhd) (Grounds) projecting or ex
tending in length; also low, plain, and level.
A.j amhr, (pl. of J muhr) Foals, colts. Bones in the
upper parts of the breasts of horses.Imhar, (Iv of J) Giving
a marriage-porti on to a woman and marrying her (it being an
g Fastern custom for the husband to portion his bride).
A J imhl, (1v of J) Prolonging, giving a delay, de
ferring, granting longer time. See also &\-- and J'e -
j AJ- imhn, (iv of e) Rendering contemptible.
**"ummahat (for ) umm), A mother.
A * umhuj (or s" umhujn), Thin milk. Membranes
which inclose the brain and bowels. -
Ais amhidat, (pl. of Je mihd) Thrones, beds.
* Janhak, of a dead white colour.
"J'anlal, Popular.
A * umhild, A pit dug for catching prey, or for cooking in.
**** umhuspand (or **** umhusfand), An angel.
A s ummy, Maternal. Umm y or ammiy, An ideot, one
who can neither read nor write (as he came from his mother's
womb). Js: nabiyummiy, The illiterate prophet, the ideot
t (by which epithet they sometimes distinguished Muhammad).
rl amya (or J amyn), A purse, a scrip.
J
Aj invs, (iv of >) Distinguishing, separating.
A Jur. amyal, (pl. of J. mil) Miles. Mile-stones, put up
in the deserts. Medicines for the eyes; and also the instruments
with which these medicines are applied. Such intervals or
spaces of ground as the eye can command. Any indefinite tracts
A 3-2 umayyat, (dim. of 3] amat) A little maid. Name of
a man. Ummiyat, Maternity, being a mother.
P eas amkhtan, To mix, mingle. To be intermixed.
P &v mkhtah, Mixed. Miscellaneous. A mixture.
P A-" umid or umd, Hope, expectation, dependence, trust.
*" ~<! The attendant hope (as it always accompanies us).
P Ut umd-bakhsh, The giver of hope. God.
P s umd-gh, A place of hope or refuge.
PL\,-- umd-war, Hopeful, confident, supported by hope.
An expectant, dependant, candidate. & I hope that.
P umd-wari, Hope, confidence, expectancy.
P2." mr (or 2." amir), A glutton. A lazy man.
Az amir (or Je mir), A commander, governor, emperor,
chief, leader, lord, prince. y)Jr." The amiru'l umar, prince
of princes, a viceroy or governor of a great province. This was
a title adopted by the ministers, or rather the tyrants, of the
Khalfs of Baghdad, in the decline of their empire. It was an
office of vast dignity, and was enjoyed by many sovereigns of
powerful independent dominions; particularly by the Hamadn
and Byn princes; some of whom, whilst Amiru'l umars,
were at the same time kings of Persia and other extensive dis
tricts. The first Amiru'l umar, Ibn Ryik (of the Hamadn
family), prince of Basrah and Wasit, was raised to that dignity,
acording to the ex~~) t (history of the Muslims) in the
year of Hijra 324 (A. D. 935). 4x- 2 c Jy J.' ^*
* --; e)," & "P's & J; ; ), "z" 49 '
\,\! Alae"; <!- t-3 2-8) J- Ibn Ryik arrived at Bagh
dd, and Arrz Bi'llah committed to him the administration of
the empire; and he ordered that he should be prayed for in the
pulpit; and he invested him with a robe, and presented to him a
standard. The post of Amiru'l umar, or, as it was frequently
called, the Sultn or King of Baghdd, continued in the Byn
family till the year of the Hijra 449 (A. D. 1057); when that
dignity was transferred to the Seljukian dynasty of Turks, in the
person of Togrul Beg; whose successor, Alp Arsln, was one
of the greatest monarchs of his time, being the Sultn who de
feated and took prisoner the Greek emperor Diogenes Romanus.
In the Seljkian family it remained til the year 547 of the Mu
hammadan era (A. D. 1152) when it fell with their power in
Baghdd, which then expired in Sultn Masd; the Khalif
Moktafi taking advantage of the divisions and wars between the
different branches of the Sultanate to abolish a tyranny, under
which he and his predecessors had groaned, as mere pageants
Z 2
 J 172
of state, for above two hundred years. L**Jr." The gene
ral of an army. e-x")Jr. The commander of the faithful,
one of the titles of the Khalfs. g- J The prefect, or chief
of the pilgrims, one of the most honourable employments in
the appointment of the Khalfs. Jr." Governor of a city or
small district.ry;47 J Master of the horse. ele 2. Chief
justice. e.9% Jr." To play the prince. To reign properly.
P &\,) amiranah, Imperial, royal, princely. Imperially.
A 5" amirat, An empress, a queen, a princess.
P sey," amir-zadah, A king's son. A descendent of Mu
hammad, by his son-in-law Ally and his daughter Ftimah.
* - s amiri, A principality. r e-A Jr. amiri kardan,
To erect a principality, to become a sovereign.
rj-f amz, Mixed, mixing. 3-7 --~~ hikmat-mz,
Mysterious, mixed with mystery, or wisdom. Jr." 9 rang
sitam-amez,
mz, Mixed with colour, deceitful. ~!
Mixed with threats; full of vexation. J-T & shahd-ms,
Mixed with honey. Jr." 39;. A-> jaicb-i mujdah-amez,
An answer mixed with happy tidings, an agreeable, or satisfac
tory answer. J- niyaz-amez, Mingled with supplications.
P e-j-" amznzdan, To cause to mix.
P Jr amzish, Mixture. Temperament of the body, con
stitution. Commerce.
P r amz-kri, Mixture.
P 5-7 amazah, Mixed. Intercourse between the sexes.
* > *}~ mzah-mo, (A man) beginning to turn gray.
Pe-" mzdan, To mix, to mingle. To be mixed.
P ;" mjah, Mixed. Gray, grizzled. Old. Weighed,
adjusted. A versifier.
A J* J- ummiy sadik (or P : \; - umm?y goya
kalam), An epithet of Muhammad.
P tr megh, Mixed. Pure. Copulation.
Pe--T mghistn, The title of a book.
P & T mghah, Mixed. A mixture, a union.
P Jr mghi, True, sincere, unfeigned. excellent.Understanding. Wine. State, condition. When
A J- amyal, Inclining to one side (the shoulder, neck).
Sitting badly on a saddle, tottering. Having neither sword,
shield, nor spear. Pusillanimous, terrified. Large (sand-hill).
Branchy (tree). Amzl, Name of a place. A sandy mountain,
about a mile in breadth, and in length a day's journey.
A 2- Umaylih, Name of a place.
r & amilah, The myrobalan.
A ~" am?m, (A man) with a fractured skull. Wounded in
the head, so as to touch without injuring the dura mater; also,
the stone with which such wound is inade. Elegance of form.
P Jr." mn, A glutton. Mixing.
A circl amin, (Heb. bs) So let it be amen! e--" er
Amen, so be it! cl ~\! er Amen, O Lord of both
c)
worlds! c-r") * --~~~~ er Amen, for the sake of the
Prince of apostles (different modes of concluding prayers).
A Jr." amin, Secure, safe, free. Faithful, constant. A com
missioner, trustee, investigator. An umpire, an arbitrator. A
supervisor employed by government to examine and regulate
the state of the revenues of a district (in India). --" er
One who wishes to visit the house (i. e. to perform a pilgrimage
to the temple of Mecca). er) c) The faithful spirit (a
name by which the Muhammadans distinguish the angel Ga
briel; it being by his ministry that they suppose Muhammad
received the Kurn, verse by verse, as the faithful dictates of
Omnipotence). er As Mecca. rJe J- amini-daftar,
The records of the amins; also an office for the adjustment of
their accounts. e- ~~ sharb-amini, (Provider of wine)
the grand butler. J-x shahr-amini, The tribunal of the
city (to which is delegated the care of preserving aqueducts,
pavements, &c.). A er amin, Is a title frequently bestowed
upon governors of cities or castles, as ex s; Jr." The go
vernor of the castle of Baghdd; and sometimes implies the in
tendant of the revenue, as e):- -e- The receiver-general, the
superintendant of the Dwn.
A J2j J Jr. Amin bin Harn, Amin the son of Harn
Arrashid, the sixth khalf of the house of Al Abbs.
P < mnah, Wood split, and put into bundles, for sale.
A. J.-- amini, Security. Trust, guardianship. The office
of an amin. Secure.
Aex- ummyun, (pl. ofe- ummy) Idiots. Pagan Arabs.
A 4- (us t-) jmis-i bani Umayyah, The temple of the
sons of Umayyah (a church in Damascus, dedicated to St. John).
A &- amihat, (Being) afflicted with eruptions, not unlike the
pustules of the small-pox (cattle). The pustules themselves.
A J- umayyyy, Belonging to the family of 4" Umayyah.
P J n, That. --G, J' Then, that time. J e Thus, in
that manner. c- e That, or the next world, future life.
Time. Salt. Taste, flavour. Beauty. Anything elegant or
(without the madda) it is added to animate nouns, it forms the
plural in Persian: as r mard, A man; e'er- mardan, Men.
e n, In composition denotes possession; as cre J3 az an-i
man, Ofor belonging to me, mine.
A e n, Time, an hour. eV) al an, Now, at this time, cr"
e.V. min al n, From this time, henceforth. eV. \\s J) ila
haza'l an, To this moment, until this hour, hitherto. --
re) an, A graceful attitude, an affected gait. Affectation,
pride. (in ancient Persian) A mother.
Ae) an, That. e. J ilu an, Until that. e.V. lamm ".
After that. e. J* tala an, So that, on condition that.
A Jin, If, if at any time, if so be as "s c) If God
pleases. W33 e), ^\},\e e If true and if false, whether true *
 ) 173
false. Not: as lase) al By God I did not do it. J) in
lam, If not, unless. e --> haysa in, Where, in which place. |
*A e anna, (fut. J 3ya-innu) He groaned.
Ae) anna (and & annahu), Since, because, but that, that: as
J <<} l shakka anna, There is no doubt but that. e."
tala anna, So that, ej) li anna or 33) li annahu, Since, because
that. e L m anna, As far as, whilst, so long as: as e \c &\}
**" 3 I will not do it so long as the stars are in heaven.
A e inna and Ja inna; & innahu and &'s fainnahu, For,
for certain, truly, verily, indeed. e), wa inna, For. But.
AU' ana, (personal pronoun) I. Anna, Whence 2
A Gl inna, Indeed we, truly we : as J) 3 &!--t- U\
Indeed we have appointed thee vice-gerent upon earth.
a .97 and-a, (pl. of ; an) Times, parts of time : J') AUT
nul layli, The hours of the night.
A \! an-, (pl of nu-y) Trenches dug round tents.
A 9) and-a, An impediment, a delay.
A Wind-a, A vase, an urn.
A 5.0"ini-at, (iv of 3) Delay, procrastination, tediousness.
i. A 3.0" in-at, (iv of U) Oppressing, weighing down. Caus
ing to incline. Leaving (meat) raw.
A-9) anab, Musk, perfume.
A --9) inabat, (1v of G) Penitence, repentance, conver
sion in religious matters. Making one supply another's place.
A-49) anabib, (pl. of --> ambub) Joints (of reeds or
canes). Spaces between the joints. Pipes, tubes, syphons.
A J anabish, (pl of J umbush) Roots of trees, pot
herbs, &c. Trees with their roots torn up.
A s anat, Expectation, patience, delay. S J, tawlu'l
andt, Long-suffering, of a gentle, patient temper. Ant or
unit, An indolent, languid woman, rising slowly upon her feet.
* Janitnitan, (in anc. Pers.) To leave. To place.
A cl ins (J anasa' or unasa'), (pl. of J unsa) Wo
men. Goddesses. J;S, <-9) Women and men. -
A andjil, (pl. of J injl) The gospels.
A &W) inakhat, (1v of {x}) Pitching a camp, or sitting down
before a city. Forcing a camel to kneel, in order to receive a
load. The kneeling of a camel for this purpose. Ad procum
bendam compellens camelam, camelus initus causa.
* anadir, (pl. of JA) andar) Barns or other places where
$" is threshed or trodden out. Heaps of corn laid up there.
A MU) "midid, Dispersed, scattered (birds), and (adverbially)
**tteredly, here and there.
ry) anar, A Pomegranate. Fire-works. Pyrotechnics.
lnira, (Pret. of iv) May God illuminate, or make clear.
inia, (Iv of J59) Illuminating. Shining bright.
"g, thriving (a plant). Frightening.
A j) inrat, (iv of ~) Marking (cloth) with a border of dif
ferent colours.
* Gj anar-dashti, The wild pomegranate.
\\
re-j anaristn, A pomegranate-garden.
P yu! anar-gira, The cone of a pine.
P anar-gwa, The poppy.
P <<--9) anar-mushk, Name of a red fruit resembling the
pomegranate.
P J anarin, Rust.
A L-9) unas, (pl. ofe- insan) Men, certain men.
A 3-9 insat, (iv of U-59) Moving, agitating.
A -\" anasim, Men. -
J-9) ansi (and 4-9) anasiyah), (pl. of J-Minsky, anasty,
A
or e- insan) Men. --
A 3.25" insat, (1v of U23') Wishing. Beginning to gallop.
A J-9) ansi, (pl. of 3a nasiyat) The best, choicest (men,
animals, things). The remains.
A Ju" inz, The ripe produce of a palm-tree.
A 3.39) inzat, (1v of J;) Betraying ignorance by looks.
Bearing ripe fruit (a palm-tree).
A&G) intat (or ;" inwat), (Iv of) (Camels) being af
flicted with swellings (in the neck, &c.). Being covered with
tamarisk-trees or Egyptian thorns (grounds).
T J} Ant/7, Anatolia, Asia Minor.
P J-k anatitus, A stone said to assist women in labour.
A **) anazim, (pl. of &ala," inzamat) Strings (of pearl).
Things arranged in order. Verses.
P Jzs anzilas, Marjoram.
A anatm, (pl. of ** natam) Sheep.
P Jk anaghatus, A stone.
c U.Jb) inghlis, ('Avayaxxi;) The herb pimpernel.
A 397 ana, (pl. of -i- an) Noses.
A&#9" inat, (iv of -35) Increasing: Exceeding all bounds.
Projecting, appearing above.
A &
anaih, (pl. of s anfahat) The stomachs of sucking
lambs, or a yellow substance in them, used in curdling milk.
A j) unafiy (for i-) *** azimu'l an), Large-nosed.
A Li." andf73, Leaves of an Egyptian thorn, shaken from
the tree and strewed upon coverlets.
P J) ink, (TARt.) Secure, safe, free from anxiety.
A 35) inkat, Gracefulness, elegance (in manner or dress).
as &\! &\,\ a, He possesses gracefulness and genius.
A &SU) inkat, (1v of 3) Discovering one to be foolish.
A & U" inlat, (1v of J}) Giving, bestowing. Swearing by
God. Being rich in ore (a mine).
A JU) inlat, (iv of J) Causing one to obtain.
* Ly J analki riimi, A nettle.
A FU) anam (or 97 anam), Mankind, mortals. The world.
Angels, demons, giants, genii.
A 3.5" inmat, (iv of ^x) Putting to sleep. Finding asleep.
Enervating (old age). Killing.
A J.<\,\ andmil, (pl. of J.J) anmalat and anmilat) Fingers.
Tips of the fingers. Indications, directions.
 ~3) 174
3)
P J anan, (pl. of e an) Those. P Jj ambzdan, To become a partner in any common
A J unan, A groan. Inn or unan, Groaning much.
fund of gain or labour. To increase.
A &til ananat, A groan. A sham sickness. P J ambshtagi, A moderate competency, scanty means.
a &G' ananiyat (from G! I), Egotism, arrogance. P J**) ambshtan, To fill. To supply. To sprinkle. To
62-3,9] anawaftiz, ("Avaan'ir;) An anabaptist. macerate, soften, dilute, make thin. To lay in ruins, to destroy.
A U439) andwiz, (pl. of J; nawa) High grounds. High r & s ambshtah, Filled. Dried, or choked up (a well).
places, from whence water flows. A J" imbz, (1v of Li-j) Making (a bow-string) twang.

r xb) Anhid (or & Nhd), The planet Venus.
A J.9) anayik, (pl. of G anyuk or & aynuk) Camels.
P Jl andy?, A fool, an ideot, an oaf.
P *" anab, A kind of Indian fruit. The egg-plant.
Ak Ambat, (pl. of ar Nabit), Nabatheans, natives of
Nabathea. Imbat, (1v of a-) Getting to a spring or fountain
head (by digging). Appearing (something before concealed).
A 8-) imbe, (iv of 8-) Causing to flow. Sweating abun. d

A t amba, (pl. of t nab) News, advices. Imb, (1v of dantly. Vomiting incessantly.
J) Removing, averting. Wishing to remove from one's self. P &\" ambagh, A concubine; any woman whom a man lives

* A \ imb-a, (1v of t) Announcing. Prophesying. Not with beyond one wife. A mixture, things mingled together.
making his arrow penetrate (an archer). Taking gently. A imbagh, (1v of $9) Frequenting (a town or any other

A cl imbat, (1v of c-) Vegeta tion. Adoles cence. place). Going and coming. Sifting (flour).
A z imbaj, (1v of) Uttering confused jargon.
r J ambghtish, The stuffing of a cushion.
A c imbah, (1v of *9) Making (a dog) bark. PJ ambak, A cuckold (especially a voluntary one).
A t- imbakh, (1v of #9) Chewing or eating the root of A J) imbak, (1v of G-3) Breaking wind.

papyrus. Baking or kneading sour leaven. Sowing high grounds, A J ambal, (pl. of J nabl) Arabian arrows. Imbal, (iv
of a light soil mixed with stones. of J) Giving such arrows (to any one), bringing them in a
P e;-- ambakhun (or e-'), A castle, a fortification. confused heap. Bearing fresh dates (a palm-tree).
p sc ambdah, Vain-glorious. Purse-proud. & J ambalus (or J ambalush), ("Aur) A vine.
A S ambz, (pl. of 3.3 nabz) Small quantities. Imbz, (iv rej ambn (or &\t\), Soft skins (of goats, &c.) of the fines
of 3:3) Pressing grapes, making wine. kind, such as they call Spanish or Cordova-leather. A leathern
rj" ambr, Full, replete. A pond, a reservoir. Filth, dung. bag, a cloak-bag, portmanteau. A purse. A large vessel made
A dilapid ated wall. Fodder. Jeej) To manure land. of earth or wood, used by shepherds. " J The stomach.
Aj. ambr, (pl. of 23 nibr) Short-bodied, deformed, hideous. rj e- amban-bar, Fat, pursy. Idle, lazy.
P <<\ ambanak, A kind of purse or scrip. Combustibles.
Tikes. Flies. Wild beasts. Barns, granaries, magazines, re
positories of grain and other provisions. Keels, bottoms of ships. Anything concealed. -- S A money-purse.
Name of a city in Chaldea, and of a village in Balkh. Imbar, A sl imbah, (1v of 4:3) Awaking. Forgetting.
(iv of r) Building or establishing a granary. Storing up grain. P ~~) ambub, The root of an herb.
A --~" umbub, The knots or joints of a reed; also the spaces
p_\) imbr (for c inj br), This time, now.
p &\-j ambr-khanah, A magazine, a store-house. between the joints. A pipe, tube, syphon, or sucker.
r_\ j ambar-dar (or sej), The keeper of a magazine. A imbitat, (v11 of G- batta) Being cut off.
P J- ambrdagi, Repletion. A competency. A_\ imbitar, (v11 of 24) Being cut off, or mutilated.
A imbitak, (v11 of ) Being drawn or dragged.
r soj ambardah, Filled. Full, replete. Affluent. A J imbital, (v11 of J) Being disunited.
p J ambarish, Stuffing, quilting.
A <--" imbisas, (v11 of G bassa) Being separated, dis
p ambr, A carriage to ride in on an elephant.
P Jj ambaridan (or c- ambardan), To fill. To united (particles of bread steeped in water, teased wool, &c.).
A J imbisak, (v11 of G) Being cleft asunder. Proceed
cause to fill. To pull down, to demolish.
fj) ambz, A companion, an associate, a partner in trade. ing. (John xv. 26.). (A term peculiar to the Christians.)
J* j ambaz shudan, To participate in anything.
A t ambaj, A kind of Indian fruit. A preserve.
A &l=5) ambajat, (pl. of g ambaj) Confections.
A j ambz, (pl. of j nabaz) Surnames. Nick-names. A z) imbijaj, (v11 of g baija) Being cleft asunder. Being
p e ambznidan, To enter into partnership.
ready to burst (a sheep), from over-eating.
p sej ambazadah, Proud of wealth or family-connexions.
J--9) imbijas, (v11 of U.<) Bursting out, gushing forth.
A
P j ambaz-nk, A partner in trade.
A c" ambajn, Fermented paste, leaven.
P ambazi, Partnership, joint company. J25
A j) ambajniy, Warm paste. G" Aj sarid
ambz kardan, To enter into partnership. ambajani, Hot bread crumbled down.
 3)
A& ambakh, Rough, hard, thick. Cloudy, opaque.
AJ<g) amba khan, Sour (leaven).
A j ambakhny, Smoaking hot (paste). A kind of bread
made with biscuit, oil, and water, in a particular manner.
A&ls ambakhniyat, Large (loaf, like a honey-comb).
A 5&] ambizat, (pl. of r nabiz) Grape or date-wines.
Pr ambur (or s amburah), Tweezers, pincers, forceps.
A r, imbiram, (VII of ) Being firmly twisted.
"Jy" ambarbaris, Barberries, a species of oxyacanth. A
salt-cellar made of the bark of a gourd.
P r' ambarud (equivalent to r, ambart), A pear.
p r." amburuh (and s amburuh) A camel or any other
animal that has a mane. A tube, a pipe.
p **) amburah, Tweezers, pincers, forceps.
l 75 3)
P *:::) ambubah, A reed used by weavers to wind thread upon.
A tube, a syphon, a spout.
P --> ambut, The root of an herb.J-9) ~x) A species
of houseleek. J- <-- The amaranth.
A & umbusat, A kind of game, in which something is hid
in a ditch or hole, and whoever gets it out, gains.
rej ambudan, To be seized with a torpor in the limbs.
To miscarry. To gather. To throw down, to cast away.
re- ambuzan, Primary matter whence any substance is
formed (according to the cosmogony of the Muhammadans).
r_>) ambur (or j :-) ambuz), Tweezers, pincers, forceps.
P U-33' ambus, The roots of pot-herbs. Bread with seeds in
it. A tree torn up by the roots.

A {}~ imbizgh, (v11 of 3) Approaching (spring-season). re--- ambuszdan, To become benumbed in one's limbs.
AJ}~ imbizl, (v11 of J2) Being cleft asunder. To rot, putrify. To collect. To appear, become manifest.
P J- ambush, Roots of pot-herbs. Root of the milk-thistle.

rej' ambazn, The last day of the month.
Av ambas, Austere (in countenance).
*u- ambas (or Js) ambash), A heap of graintrodden or
threshed out, and sifted.
*u--"imbisis, (vii of J- bassa) Being scattered.
A*-limbisit, (vii of a-) Being dilated. Laying aside
one's gravity. Gladness, cheerfulness, recreation, delight, mirth.
P ex" ambun, Broad, wide, ample, spacious.
P **) ambiah (or *) ambuh), Large, copious, ample. Nu
merous. A multitude, a concourse, a mob. A house in ruins.
The sense of smelling. Name of a district. e.9% **) ambuh
kardan, To smell, to snuff up. To diffuse an odour. To press
upon one another (as people in a crowd). To pull down.
P x ambuh-nk, Very wide or broad. Very copious.

* -- ambast, Coarse, thick, rough. Bound, shut up. P J- ambuh?, A multitude, a crowd. Tumult, bustle.
**~" ambistah, Frigid, cold, causing hardness, or stiffness. P J- ambuw, Ample, copious. Odoriferous. Odour.
P4-) ambisah, The same; also, a livid mark upon any part P e--' ambuyidan, To smell sweetly, to scatter perfume.
of the body. The sense of smelling.
p 4.3) ambah, The mangoe. Ambuh, A multitude, a crowd.
All- ambat, (A horse) distinguished by the whiteness of the
belly, lal ambat, A hillock of sand.
Aj imbihr, (vii of J) Falling down. Being snapped
asunder (a sword).
A cl imbitah, (v11 of *) Falling flat on the face.
A \ ambiy, (pl. of Us nabiy) Prophets.
6 US ambatarun, (Euripov) Samphire, empetron. A z) imbiyaj, (v11 of z) Overtaking one (misfortunes).

- A x imbiis, (v11 of c-) Being sent. Proceeding, A J imbiysh, (v11 of Lx) Being taken in the hand (a

issuing forth. Flowing (verses from a poet). Going quickly.

tame animal).
A g imbitaj, (v11 of **) Being cleft.
A &\ imbiyt, (v11 of & 2) Flowing (sweat). Being mea
A Jl imbiak, (v11 of G) Pouring forth rain (a cloud).
sured. Unfolding itself (a serpent). Being drawn out. Lower
Being diffuse and hasty in speaking. Committing an assault. ing the price in selling any article. Stretching out the hand or
A w imbigha, (vii of Us) Being sought after. Meetness. inclining the body to testify one's assent.
A t' imbikt, (vii of s) Going away in haste.
A **) imbiyt, (v11 of 87) Finding a ready sale (goods).
A & ambik, An alembic, a still.
A J imbiyk, (v11 of J) Overtaking, overwhelming
A '' imbik, (v11 of J) Being moved to tears.
(as misfortune). Entering into the presence of another uncalled
* J) "bal, More or most excellent (in disposition or ge for. Injury, injustice.
"S). Most skilful in archery. A t imbiyak, (v11 of %) Being disturbed in mind,
Ag) imbilaj, (v11 of *) Breaking forth (the dawn). and distr acted in councils (men).
Ak." imbilat, (vii of \,\!) Being very distant. **) ambir, A rose. Repletion. Religion, law, institute.
A J * (vii of G) Being opened. Lying open. Pr) ambirah, Chips and shavings, which, when placed on
p & "mbalah, A tamarind. the roof of a house, are over-laid with a crust of mud.
* J ambiman, (in ancient Persian) A grape. rv ambis (or J ambish), A heap of grain.
r & t ambistah (or 3-r" ambisah), Anything cold, chilly.
***) , The root of an herb. A bed, cushion, or mat. A Gr ambik, An alembic.
Pr"ambi, The joint (of a reed). A pipe, a tube.
P \ ambil, A rhinoceros.
 c-3)
P#" impaj, The herb southernwood.
r 7 tint (or -) anat), Well done, bravo!
A --' anta, Thou. (mas.) 29, ..}} <! S-- --J)
anta hasbi anta kfi y wadud, Thou art my portion, thou art
sufficient for me, O indulgent (God).
A 3' int, (iv of 5-3) Retiring or remaining behind. Bruis
ing a man's nose, so as to make it swell. Agreeing with, or re
sembling another in shape or disposition.
A g intj, (1v of **) Bringing forth, producing. Being
near the birth. Being apparently with foal (a mare). Going
where she pleases, and colting in an unknown place (a she
camel). Having pregnant camels.
A J intash, (iv of Lc) Stretching out the hand to re
ceive any thing.
A Jint, (iv of Jia) Protruding and displacing the
others (a tooth, or a fungus).
A & intagh, (iv of 83) Laughing. Smiling sarcastically.
A J) intk, (1v of G-3) Lashing his sides with his tail (a
lion). Carrying a parasol. Fasting during the month of Ramazn.
A J intn, (iv of c, Stinking, being factid.
a c-" intibs, (v111 of ~) Digging, scooping out the
earth with the hand. Taking, eating. Swelling in the water (a
ptisan). Tucking up one's skirts and sitting on the ground.
A g intibaj, (VIII of *9) Swelling (a bone).
A S intibz, (v11.1 of 3:5) Retiring to one side.
Aj' intibr, (v111 of 23) Being raised up. Swelling (the
hands. Having an eruption (the skin). Ascending (a pulpit).
A cl intibk, (viii of ~ not in use) Being eminent,
conspicuous, making an appearance, being published. Involving
one's self in a scrape. Giving one's self up to any thing bad.
A J intibal, (v111 of Jr.) Dying. Carrying any thing
off by a single attack. Adverting to, minding. Keeping watch.
Giving away arrows.
A s intibah, (v11.1 of &J) Waking from sleep. Being on
one's guard. Vigilance, circumspection, animadversion, con
sideration. "".Js ahl-i intibh, Vigilant, circumspect.
Aju.) intitr, (VIII of 23) Being drawn or dragged.
AJ intitash, (VIII of U,) Beginning to swell (grain).
A su) intitf (v111 of i) Being plucked up (hair).
A c intitam, (v11.1 of ~) Obscenity.
Ajs) intisar, (v111 of 23) Being scattered. Flowing. Dis
charging any thing through the nose, particularly water which
had been drawn up.
A J intisil, (v111 of J) Cleaning out (a well).
A e) intisam, (v111 of **) Talking obscenely.
A \si-) intij, (v111 of **) Communicating privately one
with another. Obtaining, gaining, recovering.
A \ intij-a, (v111 of **) Looking with a malignant eye.
A -\ intijab, (v111 of --~~~) Barking a tree. Choosing.
176 <-J)
A. cst." intijas, (v11.1 of ) Bringing out. Swelling.
Appearing fat.
A. als intijkh, (v11.1 of *) Breaking wind (a horse).
A J- intijas, (v11.1 of J) Uncleanness, defilement.
A t intijt, (v111 of **) Seeking provender, forag
ing. Visiting any one with a view to gain something.
A l intij, (v111 of ) Leading forth. Milking (a
sheep) dry. (The wind) emptying (a cloud of its contents).
A. ls intijam, (v111 of **) Ending, being over (as rain,
or cold). Becoming clear and serene (the sky).
A s intijah, (v111 of 4*) Repelling, driving away.
a s" intih, (v11.1 of ~) Going towards. Seeking, aiming
at. Inclining to one side. Relying. Exposing, laying open.
A -->) intihb, (v111 of -->) Lamenting, complaining.
Crying out, howling, shrieking. Breathing hard.
Ajss' intihar, (v11.1 of A^) Cutting one's own throat, com
mitting suicide. Seizing each other by the throat.
A Jes"intihs, (v11.1 of C-) Stripping the flesh (off a
bone). Being lean, lank, stripped of its flesh (a bone).
A Js' intihal, (v111 of J) Falsely assuming, or attribut
ing to one's self, that which belongs to another. Professing to
belong to this or that religious society.
A =& intihm,(v11.1 of **) Applying the mind to anything.
A s intikh, (v111 of**) Boasting, vaunting.
A -->\,\ intikhb, (v111 of s) Being extracted. Elec
tion, choice. -
A Jss) intikhash, (v11.1 of U.<) Moving from side to side.
A Jes" intikhs, (v11.1 of U-) Consumptiveness.
Ak" intikht, (v11.1 of as) Blowing the nose. Likeness.
A & intikht, (v111 of s-) Being at a great distance
from one's native soil. Expectorating phlegm.
A Jsi" intikhl, (v11.1 of J) Separating, picking the best.
A "&" intida, (v11. of 333) Being convened in council.
A -l) intidab, (v111 of cx) Nodding, bowing assent:
Listening. Being gracious (God). Perspiring gently.
A ^\xi' intidam, (VIII of ^*) Being easy, within one's reach.
A "*" intidah, (v11.1 of s) Being well managed (business):
Aj inti-ar, (v111 of 33) Making a vow.
P z untruff, An orange.
A j-" intiza, (v111 of 25-) Propensity, strong desire.
A *A*) intizt, (v111 of {j-) Tearing up, removing forci
bly. Being torn up by the roots (trees). Being taken (castles):
Being carried off (plunder, captives, &c.). Refraining, ab
staining, desisting, refusing. Having a strong propensity.
A \-) intis-a, (viii of .3) Retiring, receding. Wande"
ing, roaming to a great distance in pastures.
A --) intisab, (v111 of --~3) Being related to, or des
cended from. Relation, alliance, connection. --"jA
 c-3)
dig An army related to victory, a victorious army. --> ...++
c-! An answer correlative with truth, a true answer.
rl,
Az- intisaj, (v III of) Being woven. Touching.
It.
A - intisakh, (v11.1 of a-) Obliterating. Transcribing.
Aj." intistir, (v111 of, ) Rankling, being exasperated (a
firg
sore). Falling in pieces (cloth, paper, &c.).
A {-| intisfigh, (v11.1 of *-) Striking his breast with the
i|
fore-foot (a camel tormented by the flies). Going to a great
ls,
sm.
distance for pasture (camels).
A-sl intisf, (v111 of Li-j) Eradicating. Talking in a
whisper. Changing colour through fear.
A J- intisk, (v11.1 of G-3) Being regularly adjusted; ad
ini,
hering closely (one thing to another).
g A l'intish-a,(v111 oft-) Manifestation. Commencement.
A ----' intishb, (v111 of --~) Cleaving, clinging, stick
ing fast. Collecting fuel, or food for dressing.
Aj, intishr, (v111 of ,-4) Being scattered, diffused, pro
pagated, spread. Spreading out its branches (a palm-tree). Be
(i. ing inflated (a nerve). Lengthening (a day). Being separated
from their keeper (camels). P ex~! To be dispersed.
Aval intishs, (v111 of La) Rooting up a tree.
i: ". Ak" intisht, (viii of at 3) Stretching a rope till it breaks.
Scraping the scales off a fish. Nibbling, browsing (as a sheep).
A s- intisht, (v111 of s) Injecting medicine at the
nostrils, or taking it in the mouth. Pulling out.
A l intishgh, (v11.1 of **) Roving far from pasture.
A --> intish, (viii of -i-) Drinking the froth of fresh
*
milk. Being changed (colour).
*Jintishk, (viii of G) Snuffing up anything.
* AJ- intishl, (v111 of J) Taking (meat out of a caul
dron) with the hands or with a flesh-hook.
Al-' intisa, (viii of 3-3) Growing long (as hair). Being
far-extended and elevated (table-land). Election, choice.
A --> intisib, (viii of -a;) Being placed. Being erect.
*f; (n grammar) Being inflected with the vowel fatha ().
A ca- intisah, (v11.1 ofe-) Listening to faithful admonition.
Al-'intsir, (viii of raj) Conquering, overcoming. Tak
ing revenge. Being rescued from danger. Self-preservation.
*azil intisi, (v11.1 of -3.23) Reaching to the middle.
Keeping the middle. Being mid-day. Deciding equitably.
Bearing dates part red and part green. Obtaining redress.
Avenging one's self. Recovering the whole of a debt. Covering
herself with a veil (a girl). Smiting the game (an arrow).
A J- intisal, (v11.1 of J-a) Losing the point of a spear.
Ali- intiza, (v11.1 of 3-33) Grasping (the hilt of a sword).
"c- of) Being sunk deep in the socket
intitah, (v11.1
(the eye). Sprinkling (water). Being sprinkled.
A t-i- intizakh, (v111 of **) Being sprinkled (water).
|--it ... -
intikd,
A.J.3-3' (v11.1 of M.A.J) Remaining, standing still.
- - - - - -
177 <-3)
A suic! intiz, (v111 of -4.33) Sucking the whole of its
mother's milk (a camel's colt).
A Ji intizl, (v11.1 of J-3) Contending with one another
(in archery). Competition, rivalry. Choosing, picking out.
Throwing his fore-feet about in walking or running (a camel).
A e;--> U23' antazul turfni, A species of mushroom.
A Jli intitk, (v11.1 of Ja) Putting on a garment called
Jua nitk (a woman). Putting on a girdle. Procuring food
for one's household. Leading (a horse) but not riding (him).
A JU-23' intitl, (v111 of Ja) Pouring forth a small quantity
(of water) from a leathern bottle.
Aj- intizar, (v11.1 of Aaj) Expecting, waiting (anxiously).
A "* " intizam, (v11.1 of **) Being arranged. Order, dis
position, regularity. Running any one through the body with a
spear. ua-
P U-3. To be arranged, put in order.
intizt, (v111 of c-x) Qualifying with an epithet.
A -l-'
A -l intizas, (v11.1 of x) Taking, receiving.
A J- intizash, (v11.1 of U s) Recovering; regaining
easily one's legs after stumbling; falling without hurting one's self.
A Jew" intizs, (v11.1 of La) Regaining one's legs.
A x ' intiez, (v11.1 of x) Being inflamed with lust.
A 3'-' intie, (v111 of -x) Ascending a steep mountain.
Leaving any thing in charge of another. Being conspicuous at
a distance (a horseman, or the branch of a palm-tree).
A J- intiel, (v111 of J) Putting on shoes. Travelling
on foot. Sowing in a hard soil. Riding on hard ground.
A L' intighsh, (v111 of J) Waving, nodding, bowing.
A t inti , (v11.1 of g) Being repulsed, removed; retiring.
A z! intifaj, (v11.1 of) Bulging out (a camel's sides).
A t intifakh, (v11.1 of **) Swelling, becoming inflated,
blown up. Advancing towards noon-tide.
A cl-" intifid, (viii of w) Emptying, eating up. Milking.
A Ls' intifash, (VIII of U.S.) Setting its hairs erect (a cat),
or a bird its feathers (from fear). Pasturing in the night without
a keeper (camels or sheep).
A Jintifas, (v111 of J48) Being shaken, beaten (a gar
ment). Flourishing (a vine). Performing an ablution.
A & intifat, (v11.1 of S-3) Utility, profit, advantage.
A Jintifik, (viii of J) Entering its burrow (a field
mouse); (contra) quitting (its) hole.
A Jl intifal, (v111 of J) Praying oftener than what the
law enjoins. Retiring, receding. Being freed, absolved, libe.
rated.
Seeking any thing to be done for one's self. -
A G" intik, (v111 of us) Extracting (marrow). Choosing.
A " intikb, (viii of -) Weiling her face (a woman).
A c intiks, (v111 of <-5) Extracting marrow from a
bone. Scrutinizing any affair. Making haste, doing quickly.
A c intikah, (v11.1 ofe) Extracting marrow from a bone.
2 A
 <-3)
a Jl intikd, (v11.1 of A) Separating good (coin) from bad.
Receiving ready money. Beholding stedfastly. Being adult.
a d intikz, (v111 of 35) Delivering, rescuing.
A j intikr, (v111 of, 3) Being hollowed out, perforated.
Picking up grain (a bird). Scrutinizing. Electing, choosing.
Preferring. Inviting one person to the exclusion of the rest.
Aj. intikz, (v111 of ) Suffering from a complaint called
j nukaz (a sheep). Giving another the worst part of the flock.
AJ intikash, (v11.1 of L) Ordering (a piece of plate)
to be engraved. Extracting (a thorn) from the foot. Selecting.
A Je intiks, (v11.1 of La) Decrease, diminution, loss.
A J" intikaz, (v111 of Li) Being demolished (a build
ing), untwisted (a rope), violated (a treaty, a covenant).
A & intikt, (v111 of 3-5) Slaughtering a camel (to provide
an entertainment for one's guests). Slaughtering a sheep before
the flock has been divided. Becoming changed (colour).
a -3\ intikf, (v111 of i) Splitting an apple, and cutting
away the rind or core. Leading forth. Taking away.
A J intikal, (v111 of J) Being transported, transplanted,
translated, copied. Emigrating, travelling from one place to
another. Dying, passing to the other world.
A rlintikm, (v111 ofri) Vengeance. rje (God),
the supreme avenger. P ej To take vengeance.
A s intikh, (v11.1 of &) Convalescence. Deriving spi
ritual health and solace from any promise or declaration.
A \) intik-a, (v111 of 3) Receiving any thing due.
A -) intikb, (v111 of 9) Shouldering (one's quiver).
A cl" intikt, (v111 of e-3) Falling headlong (any one
wounded with a spear).
A cl intiks, (v111 of ~3) Being untwisted (a rope).
Being violated (a treaty). Receding, desisting. Turning from
one business to another.
A J intikas, (VIII of U.9) Being turned upside down.
A J intiksh, (v111 of U-9) Taking mud out of a well.
A 3'-3" intik, (v111 of -i 3) Enduring a shower while it
lasts. Turning away the face. Avoiding a blow. Emigrating.
A J intikal, (v11.1 of J.9) Restraining, coercing.
a intil, (v11 of -s) Being destroyed. Perishing.
A & 23) intulat, A kind of medicinal shrub, with yellowish
leaves, very bitter and aromatic. le:- & Zedoary.
A antum, You (mas, pl.) V antum, You two (dual).
A V) intima, (VIII of Us) Soaring aloft (a hawk). Being
related to another. Relation, respect, or regard to, resem
blance, tendency. V --> .--> A just answer, an answer
related to truth. V <- Words having a tendency to
mystery; an ambiguous speech. P V -xey .e.9% A neck re
sembling pride, a stately or proud appearance.
AJ intims, (v11.1 of U-3) Concealing one's self.
my Antr, Name of a place in the Dakhan.
Le Antn, Anthony.
178 <-J)
Pei;" antianitan, (in ancient Persian) To have, to hold.
A \ intih, (v111 of us) Being interdicted. Abstaining.
Coming to an end, being finished. End, extremity, termination,
summit, vertex, top. e) J) Until the end of time.
A -'' intihb, (v111 of 4) Being seized, made a prey
of Rapine, depredation, spoil, booty.
A gintihj, (v11.1 of **) Lying open, (a way). Travel
ling (on a road). Wearing out a garment. Riding hard (a horse).
Aji- intihar, (v111 of J) Flowing profusely. A diarrhaea.
Aji-) intihz, (v111 of j) Watching for, finding an oppor
tunity. Laughing immoderately.
A J-- intihas, (v11.1 of U-6) Chewing with the front-teeth.
A J- intihz, (v11.1 of Li) Rising, getting up. .
A *- intihk, (v11.1 of ) Lowering the price of any
thing. Enfeebling. Violation (of honour, virtue, or respect).
A\ intiy, (v111 of ) Looking out (for a halting-place).
A -) intiyb, (viii of Q-33) Befalling (as a misfortune).
Visiting. Approaching, from time to time, again and again.
Aj intiyr, (v11. of J33) Rubbing one's self with bryony.
A Jz inti-ash, (v11.1 of J) Being deferred. Hastening.
Going from place to place with a flock (of camels or sheep).
A L intiysh, (v111 of U.5%) Approaching near and at
tacking one another (enemies). Leading forth. Taking out.
A k) intiyt, (v111 of ) Being suspended, or appended.
Lying afar off. Lending any one (a camel) to carry provisions.
A J intiyak, (v111 of J) Choosing, selecting.
g v" antilis, (Avuxxi;) The sea-kidney vetch, anthyllis.
A -->) unus, (pl. of J unsa) Women, females.
A t insii, (1v of J) Disparaging, dispraising, slandering.
Disdaining, loathing." Unsa (or J unsa'), A female.
A z insaj, (1v of g Purging, voiding.
Aj insar, (iv of 23) Cutting off by sudden death. Level
ling suddenly to the ground (trees, walls, &c.). Sneezing, and
thereby discharging any thing disagreeable from the nostrils.
Drawing water up the nose.
A **) insas, (iv of 83) Vomiting. Bleeding immoderately
at the nose. Flowing, coming up (vomit, or blood).
A J insal, (1v of J) Emptying (a quiver).
AA= insijr, (v11 of A*) Gushing forth.Overflowing:
A #\ insidagh, (v11 of s) Being broken (the head).
A J) insidak, (v11 of Js) Hanging loose and flabby (the
belly). Rushing, falling upon any one.
A insiram, (v11 of c) Being broken off at the root (a
tooth). Being disbanded by disease (the teeth).
A cw insitb, (v11 of C-) Flowing (water, or blood).
A **) insitt, (v11 of t satsa) Being cast up (as vomit).
Streaming from the nose (blood).
A -\ insikb, (v11 of ~5) Being drilled, perforated.
A insilt, (v11 of t) Being bruised (the head) Bear
ing soft and ripe dates (a palm-tree).
 g)
hld Al." insilam, (v11 of 3) Being notched and broken.
si, A Ll insim-a, (v11 of t) Being fractured (the skull).
n. A u. insimgh, (vii of t) Being bruised by falling from
the tree (ripe fruit). Being healed (a sore). Moistening,
** AAul insimn, (vii of csamma) Recovering health. Being
pouredout. Being melted. Weakness, languor, consumptiveness.
Tri. A \l insin, (vii of J) Being bent. Receding, retreating.
ah. A Jl insiyl, (vil of J) Being poured from above (dust).
Being prolix (an invective against any one). Being assembled.
A.J' unsayni, (dual) The testicles. The ears.
p c anaj, A medlar.
p A anj, About, round about. The cheek, the face. Going
out. Drawing forth.
p f anj, There, in that place, thither.
Als inj, (iv of j) Liberating. Disclosing, revealing.
Retiring. Being dissipated, dispelled (a cloud). Obtaining
one's desires. Enticing, drawing out. Recovering. Coming
from the body (wind, or urine). Voiding (by stool). Sweat
ing (a man). Removing, separating (the skin from the body).
Cutting (a branch from a tree). Ordering to cut. Having dates
ripe and ready for cutting (a palm-tree).
A -l" anjb, (pl. of -* najib) Generous, honourable,
noble, illustrious. Injab, (1v of ~~~) Begetting a son of such
a character; (contra), one of a degenerate worthless disposition.
A cl anjis, (pl. of ~~~ nujs) Coats of mail.
A c injah, (1v of A*) Prospering. Conducting business
with ability and propriety. Overcoming. Giving success (God).
A s anjd, (pl. of ** najud) Bold, brave, strenuous.
Injd; (iv of w) Helping, defending, assisting. Promoting,
advancing, exalting one's self. Being clear and serene (the
sky). Going or coming to one's wife or relations. Going by a
higher road. Travelling as far as A Najd in Arabia.
Aj' anjar, The roof of a house. P Name of a country
where thetwo famous Eastern lovers (Khusraw and Shrn) dwelt.
Aj injs, (Iv ofj) Fulfilling a promise. Expediting.
Av-l anjas, (pl. of L najs) Impurities. J-l
c- -L-- Devil's dung, i. e. infidels. Injs, (1v of J-)
& 5 defiling, rendering impure.
Soiling, staining
A ** injat, (iv of s) Giving milk to, allowing to suck
(**mel's colt). Agreeing with one (meat). Being wholesome
* efficacious (medicine, exhortation, &c.).
A -* inja, (iv of ~i) Tying a piece of leather called
nijfunder the belly of a he-goat to prevent him from
gendering.
"J &ls anjaftah kardan, To consume.
r ji anjak, (TARTAR) There.
A s injaka, Hasten thou.
p & Sf nja keh, In that place where. So that, by which. A kind of pellitory of the wall, bindweed, helxine, assafetida.
A J injl, (iv of J) Sending (a horse) to pasture
*"gst a kind of grass called Js: najil.
179 g)
P Jl anjldan, To fill, saturate, satisfy. To restrain
impetuosity, to check audacity. To fatigue. To signify. To
admonish. To twist.
Pal anjm, The end, extremity, termination, conclusion.
An accident, occurrence. Grief, anxiety, vexation, affliction,
sorrow. }} ~~~) Is it all finished c---- An
** <!. c-i- A letter completely
affectionate salutation.
elegant. Us 2|axi tatzim-anjm, Most respectful. <-->
** satadat-anjm, Happy, fortunate. ** * zalam
anjam, Dark, obscure.
Ar anjam, (pl. of *najm)Stars. Injam, (1v of **)
Appearing, arising. Ending, being over (as rain, or cold).
Becoming serene (the sky). Being fine, favourable weather.
P er anjman, The end of any thing.
re-s anjamidan (or Jer" anjnidan) To finish,
accomplish, perform. To be consumed, finished, exhausted.
P Js anjydan, To be thoughtful. To consider, reflect.
r_<! anjabar, A kind of plant growing on the banks of the
Euphrates, which, with a preparation of sugar, &c. they apply
to stop hemorrhages and bleedings of every kind.
Ajs" injibar, (v11 of 2-) Setting (a fractured limb). Re
pairing the broken fortune (of a friend).
P * anjukh, A wrinkle, a crease, a furrow.
r s anjakht or anjukht, Desire, concupiscencc.
P gasl anjukhtan, To desire. To be or become wrinkled
(on the brow, belly, &c.). To leap, to bound.
Pe-s" anjukhidan, To become wrinkled.
A A=" anjud, (pl. of A najd) High grounds. ** * >
huwa tallazu anjud, He meditates high matters.
A J'Ad' injidal, (v11 of J-) Being thrown down.
Ael" anjudan, Pellitory, laserpitium, silphium; whence
comes benzoin and assafoetida. An ape. A satyr.
s anjidat, (pl. of ** nujd) High grounds.
A
A 3+" injicab, (v11 of ~3-) Being drawn or attracted.
Attraction, enticement, inclination, affection. Travelling fast.
A "&" injzz, (v11 of 3-jazza) Being broken off.
A "&" injisar, (v11 of y&-) Being cut or clipped.
A *** injicam, (v11 of *3-) Being amputated.
A e'3- anjuzn, (equivalent to J anjudan) Assafoetida.
AA anjar, (from Pers. 3) angar) The anchor of a ship.
A e!,33 injird, (v11 of 9,-) Being extended, lengthened,
protracted. Being smoothed, mangled (as linen).
A y injirar, (v11 of ,- jarra) Being drawn out. (in
gram.) Being marked with the vowel kasr. Protraction, exten
sion, tediousness. rej, J To be tedious in discourse.
A 5A: anjurat (or p y anchurah), A nettle. |-> 5,
P << anjarak, Marjoram. Name of a certain desert.
P <--> anjarut, Name of a certain gum or balsam.
2 A 2
 -3)
S S
A *}<! injizm, (v11 of ^j-) Being amputated, or broken.
|-> anjusi,(Lyl anjs or |-> ankhs), ("Ayxaca) | sioned by these vermin. Spittle.
G
A species of herb, bugloss, alkanet, lactuca asinina. es" anjghdan, To become wrinkled. To acquire.
e--: anjas kidan, To return. To check, to restrain.
P rej anjutan, To become wrinkled.
Aj' injiar, (vii of A-) Voiding excrement (a beast). r $ Anjk, Name of an unknown desert.
A l injieff, (v11 of -x-) Being thrown prostrate. A -l injyb, (v11 of ~~~) Being scattered (clouds).
Being plucked up. Being thrown away.
A Jl injital, (v11 of Ja-) Being placed, constituted.
p ** anjugh (for * anjukh), A wrinkle, a furrow.
A Ja injifal, (v11 of J-) Moving off from any place
(people). Being carried away hastily. Passing away and vanish
ing (a shadow). Pouring down rain (a cloud).
A << anjik (~&t anjikakor J anjikal), A kind of
grain or kernel, which is black on the outside, and white within.
Unjuk, A kind of well-flavoured fruit.
P e anjakidan, To return. To restrain.
P.J'anjal, Marsh-mallows, or the root. Name of a place.
A Jl anjal, Long. Large. Broad. Having large open
eyes. (A stab) making a large orifice. Wide, spacious (area).
A \l injila, (v11 of 3-) Being apparent or conspicuous.
An apparition, appearance. Shining, brightness. Being wiped
away (grief from the mind). Emigrating. Going into exile.
A {}<! injilt, (v11 of t-) Being uncovered.
p anjulak, A kind of well-flavoured fruit.
A ** anjum, (pl. of najm) Stars. r *- ** ****
An emperor with an army (numerous) as the stars; a most potent
monarch. JA-3) ** To make firm. 32) ** The sun.
A ev injimad, (v11 of A42-) Congelation, curdling.
A t injime, (v11 of 8-) Being gathered together.
P J anjuman, A company, assembly, banquet, congre
gation, synagogue, congress, any place where people meet and
converse. A multitude. J > * e--: J-> wuhush
wa tuyur, wa anjuman-i mar wa mur, Wild beasts, and birds,
and a multitude of serpents and ants.
P s anjuman-gh, A place or time of assembling.
P ej anjan, A pounding, pulverizing. A cutting. Trouble,
chagrin. (s. STST-T) Collyrium, antimony.
re anjanidan, To be broken to pieces. To divide.
To afflict, to vex. To be anxious. To be disgusted.
p :-) anju, An island. Name of an island.
P z anjuj, The wood of aloes. See e." ud.
P **) anjukh (<}<! anjukhah or t;+" anjh), Flaccid,
withered, flagging, dead, flat, wrinkled, changed in colour (face
or body). A wrinkle. Spittle.
p c anjukhtan, To become wrinkled. To acquire.
pej" anjakhidan, To become full of wrinkles.
P \-" anjs (equivalent to \-" anjusti), Bugloss.
P j" anjugh,
A sigh, a sob. A wrinkle, a fold, a plait.
Contraction. The epilepsy. Pustules on the lips. A weevil,
180 -3)
or worm which destroys corn. The corruption of grain occa
P
A -l injyab, (v11 of --) Being cut off. Becoming
open and discovered.
A t inji-as, (v11 of <!-) Being split (a palm-tree).
Terrifying.
Aju injiyz, (v11 of j9-) Receding from. Deserting.
a -stl inji-i, (vii of s-) Being thrown prostrate.
Being extirpated.
A Jl injyl, (v11 of J;-) Going round. Selecting.
A anjiyat, (pl. of + najiy) Partners in secrets.
A 5* anjdat, A species of herb, marrubium.
re-s anjdan (or es" anchidan), To crumble (bread).
To destroy a garment (a moth). To irritate, vex. To be cleft
asunder. To wound. To cup. To extract. To irrigate.
P *** anjidah, Pounded, crumbled. Wild leek.
*** anjr, A fig. Foramen podicis. e Ja anjir
adam (or Je rl anjiri dasht), Adam's fig, a kind of In
dian fruit," resembling a gourd, round and red, with a small
white point in the middle.
P c-s anjrdan, To bore a hote, to drill, to perforate.
P ** anjirah, Foramen ani. Apparatus, or necessaries for
travelling. Beaten. Name of a fountain near 92 Yazd.
P \s anjirha, Riches.
Ar J injl, The gospel. J J Christians.
A J injliy, An evangelist.
re-s anjin, Pulverized. A plasterer. --
P Jf anchunan, Thus, so, in that or like manner. J
anchunan keh, So that, in the same way, like as, even as:
P &T anchah, That which. Whoever. Whatever.
A c anh, (from **) Breathing hard.
Anih (or e anih),
A miser who sighs and groans when any thing is asked from him.
Unnah, (pl. of c
anih) Misers.
A \ anha, (pl. of:- nahw) Ways, roads, paths, tracks,
quarters, sides. Inha, (1v of:-) Turning aside (the face from
another). Leaning to the left side (a camel in travelling).
A G"inh, (iv of g, Throwing, or piercing with (a javelin).
Turning (arms against one).
Aj. inhaz, (Iv of;-) Having camels afflicted with a d is
ease in the lungs called j nuhz.
A --" inhaf, (1v of i) Extenuating, emaciating:
A J inhal, (1v of J) Rendering (one) thin, lean, ex
tenuated (grief, anxiety, &c.)
A Js inhibr, (v11 of re-) Becoming manifested, revealed.
Being scattered (as clouds).
 t) 181 23)
n A 3-7 inihat, (fem, of f inih) A female miser, groaning A &= inkhit, (v11 of 8-s-) Travelling, roaming about.
when any thing is asked. Short of stature (woman). a l inkhidr, (v11 of Jck) Being closely concealed.
t a ji inhijz, (v11 of sr) Being restrained. Going into
A &la=" inkhidt, (v11 of 894) Being deceived, cheated.
a part of Arabia called js- Hijaz. AJ),<! inkhirr, (v11 of, kharra) Hanging loose.
A ls inhijf, (v11 of -is) Submission, supplication. Ap!l inkhirt, (vii of 9,4) Being strung. Being refrac
A -->" inhidb, (v11 of c-) Being high (the back). tory and unmanageable (a beast of burden). Assailing any one
suddenly with abusive language, or in some other shameful
Ajax" inhidr, (vii of A-) Descending a declivity. Being manner. Running fast. Being slender-bodied.
thrown (down a precipice). Foundering, bilging (a ship at sea). A &A" inkhirt, (v11 of & Z+.) Being split open. Being dis
A <!-
inhird, (vii of 9,-) Being separated from others.
A "A" inhird, (v11 of -5,-) Changing, becoming a turn
located (a joint). Becoming furious (a she-camel).
A J'A inkhirk, (v11 of J.A.) Being torn. Blowing vio
coat. Deflexion, inversion, change. Recantation. Declination (in
astronomy). A disease, a defect. P Jy, A- To rebel. lently through or across (the wind). Inventing a lie.
A *A* inkhirm, (vii of 2,3) Being notched, cleft, riven.
A}<! anhas, A disease in the lungs, to which camels are sub
ject, creating a violent cough. Bile, with which they are also
A. sys" inkhizt, (v11 of {j-) Being broken in two.
afflicted. -e);=" anhazni (dual), Both these maladies. A J}<! inkhizk, (v11 of Ujs-) Being run through (with a
Al-> inhisa, (v11 of 3--) Sipping a little at a time. dart). Voiding excrement (a bird).
AJ->" inhisr, (vil of ,--) Being naked and exposed. A J}<! inkhizal, (v11 of J-) Being separated, broken off.
A J--> inhisas, (v11 of U-- hassa) Being plucked up. Separating, keeping apart from others. Rupture. Cessation.
A->" inhisi, (vii of i-) Being crumbled small with A U->linkhisi-a, (vii of t-4) Being driven to a distance
the fingers. Being dispersed. from the society of men (dogs or swine).
A l-s inhisam, (v11 of ) Being amputated. a A-3 inkhisi, (v11 of -i-.) Putting out the eyes.
Ajkas" inhisar, (v11 of ra-) Being besieged, confined, de Digging to a spring in a rock. Being eclipsed (the moon).
tained, let, hindered. Being numbered, told, computed. A sl inkhish, (v11 of --) Engaging in any work.
A Ja
inhisas, (v11 of La- hassa) Falling off (as hair). A cis" inkhizkh, (v11 of **) Being twisted (a boot).
A clas.
inhisam, (v11 of ) Being broken (a tree). Being inflamed with rage.
A z inhizaj, (v11 of:-) Being inflamed with anger. A cis" inkhisd, (vii of Ai-) Being broken.
Beating clothes whilst washing them.
A ** ankhat, More or most deadly or detrimental.
As inhitt, (v11 of las-hatta) Sinking, descending. Fall A us." inkhifa, (v11 of -) Concealing one's self.
ing, being reduced (price of provisions). Walking fast (a camel). A v-u-" inkhifs, (v11 of U.S.--) Becoming fetid (water).
A u- inhitam, (v11 of *-) Being broken. A Jlil inkhifz, (v11 of Js-) Being depressed. (in
Al-ki- anhaftina, The flower of the pomegranate. gram.) Being marked with the vowel kasr (,). Humiliation.
A. &i=" inkhift, (v11 of 8-i-) Fainting from the want of
A -- inhilb, (v11 of 4-) Flowing, gliding (a river).
A Jl inhilal, (v11 of J- halla) Being loosed, untied. food. Being cut down (a palm-tree). Being burst (the lungs).
A Jews." inhimas,(v11 of La-) Subsiding (an inflammation).
| a s inkhii, (vii of -is khaa) Lightness, levity.
A J- inhimk, (v11 of c-) Becoming vile and abject. | A Mal inkhil, (v11 of 13-) Giving corn (to a horse).
A als inkhilt, (v11 of t) Being eradicated. Being dis
Being worn out (a garment). Being blunt (the edge of a
sword). Being flat and dull (a market or fair). placed. A looseness or relaxation in the joints.
Als inhin, (v11 of;:-) Being bent. Respectfulness. A Je inkhimas, (v11 of Las-) Assuaging, subsiding.
Aj. inhiyz, (v11 of j;-) Being collected together. a -tsl inkhins, (v11 of e-) Flexibility, pliancy.
Abandoning. Retreating, fleeing to a distance. A L-L- inkhinas, (v11 of U.<) Retiring, withdrawing.
AJ-> inhiys, (vii of U-5-) Fleeing away. A Jus' inkhinak, (v11 of G-) Strangling one's self.
*Js inhiysh, (v11 of L-) Fleeing, scampering (from A -l" inkhiyt, (vii of <-5-) Pouncing on his prey (a
fear). Being enclosed (as game in a net).
-
hawk). Making a shrill noise. Breaking a promise, deceiving.
A slinkh, (iv of s) Waxing greater in pomp and glory. | A Js" inkhiyak, (v11 of U2-) Being broad, spacious.

A -* inkhb, (1v of -*) Begetting a brave, heroic son; |

also a mean, cowardly one. Removing. Selecting.
A Jals inkhs, (iv of Ja) Extenuating, withering (age).
A s* inkhf; (iv of i) Making a repeated noise, re
sembling sneezing.
P &" and, (third person plural of the verb substantive Je: bi
dan, To be) They are. Hoping, petitioning. Desire, hope. Sur
prize. Giving thanks. A period of 500 ages. An obscure saying.
Some, any number between three and ten. Many more, as many
as. Liquorice.
 e3)
r"A" and, Plaster. Calumny. An auspicious dream.
ball of thread.
A "&" indi, (1v of 933) Moistening. Feeding camels between
two drinkings. Leading them from a bitter to a sweet pasture.
Giving magnificently, bestowing liberally. Having agood voice.
A --|x|) andb, (pl. of a nadbat) Scars of wounds. Indab,
(1v of ~33) Having such scars. Exposing (ones self) to danger.
r &\\\ andbah, A plasterer's trowel.
p &-A) andajah (or 4-\\\ andchah), Consideration,thought.
A c andah, (pl. of c madh) Spacious tracts of land.
A &le;) indkh, (1v of t) Travelling fast (a body of horse).
P c-le) andkhtan, To throw, cast, dart, shoot, lance, hurl.
To shake, drive about. To eject. To inject. To force away.
To rush. To disperse, scatter, strew, diffuse. To do, make.
rel" andd, The herb nose-smart. Plaster.
A "&" andd, (pl. of x, nidd) Like, similar. Idols, images,
pictures. Perfumes. Indad, (1v of Aj nadda) Dispersing.
r eyes) andadan, To incrust, to overlay. To desire.
r_\xi) andr, A narrative, a story, a tale, a fiction.
Ajla, indr, (1v of jej) Causing to fall off. Subtracting.
P Ll' Andrish, Name of a reputed prophet.
p;|x|) andz, The incrustation of a wall, plaster, parget. An
instrument, a trowel with which they plaster walls. A measure,
a certain quantity. Valuation, guess. (in comp.) Throwing,
darting. Diffusing, scattering. Seeking. A darter, thrower.
j\\\ ab-and, One who plans or measures the dimensions
of aqueducts. j" U2 bark-andaz, A matchlock-man. jr.
j\xi) partaw-andz, Diffusing rays. jr tir-andaz, Shoot
ing arrows. j G-S9 dahshat-andaz, Spreading terror.
P \;\x" andz, Throwing.
p 35'x'' andzah, An ell, a yard. A measure, quantity, dimen
sion. Proportion, symmetry. A specimen, a copy. Strength.
A belt, a leathern strap, a shoe-latchet. Worthy. J 35'3'
andzah kardan, To measure. To guess.
p andaz, A shot. -5\s) 3,-harf-andz, A threat.
&e's andsdan, To throw. To measure. To do, make.
r L-A) andas, Measure. Guess. Computation.
A &le;) indt, (iv of t not in use) Following the example
of bad men. Being fatigued (she-camels).
A &\ indagh, (1v of &A) Doing evil.
A -ley" ind, (1v of 5.33) Driving violently (a horse), riding
furiously. Listening to the sound of a lute. Giving water to
drink (to a dog or other beast).
P **) andm, Stature, figure, form (of the body). Exact
proportion, justness, symmetry, order, arrangement, ornament.
Beauty. Good-breeding. Rule, custom. A court, an area.
\;\x **) The fore-finger. Jej als To dismember. Com
memorating, recalling past griefs. "A". ,-- A virgin
splendid as the silver, of a silver form. l J bi-andam, (or
\; n-andam), Ill-proportioned, disproportionate.
182 e})
A A **) indam, (1v of **) Causing to repent.
r &\,\,\ andmah, Recollection, remembrance (of friends or
of past events). An historical narrative.
P e's) andn, A term, mode, or manner. An ell, a yard.
p;|AT indw (or "A" andliw), Cement, plaster.
p >"&" andw, Garden-herbs, cresses. . The herb rocket.
p Js" andwish, The incrustation of a wall.
P *"A" andaicah, A plasterer's trowel. Calumny.
P el andwdan, To plaster. Incrustation.
P s "A" andliwidah, Plastered, bedaubed.
A e-s andhmn, A kind of medicine for curing fluxes.
* ...s anday, Plastering. A plasterer. Andy (or J's
andyish), Cement, plaster.
* -'s) andayish-gar, A plasterer, a pargeter.
P &"A" andyah, A trowel. Accusation, slander, detraction.
rej's!" andydan, To incrust, overlay. To desire, covet.
A c indibah, (v11 of **) Stooping low (in prayer).
A ***) indibagh, (v11 of 83) Being tanned (leather).
A c- indihh, (vii of co dahha) Being dilated, distended
from over-eating (the belly). Abounding in grain (the earth).
A J.-A) indihak, (v11 of G-3) Protruding, prolapsing (the
matrix of a camel) after the birth.
A t andakh, A dull, doltish man, one of few words.
A J-A," indikhl, (vii of J-9) Entering. Ingress.
* L-s) andakhas (or :--> andakhaswa), A protector.
P ;--~" andakhas-warah, A citadel. An asylum.
P e-s andakhasidan, To protect. To take refuge.
* L-" andakhish, An asylum, a refuge. Protection.
P *\,-\,\ andakhrah, A sanctuary. A citadel, a fortress.
ry;-&" andakhur, Worthy, suitable, proper.
r_< andar, In, into, within, on, upon. A step-father, father
in-law. A step-mother, mother-in-law. A son-in-law, a son by
a former wife or husband. A cousin, a kinsman, or kinswoman
(though sometimes J padar, father, jy: biradar, brother, &c.
are placed before j" to express father-in-law, &c.). Jy
(or e-T_*\), To go, or come in. e-s To die.
Aj andar, More or most rare. A barn or other place
where grain is threshed or trodden out. A heap of grain placed
there. Name of a village near Aleppo. Name of a medicine.
A *933) indira-a, (v11 of" 3) Being impelled forward (a tor
rent). Spreading itself on all sides (a conflagration).
P y andarb, An islet. Name of a city on the confines of
Khursn towards India, near Ghaznin. Name of another city
in Giln, on the south-west side of the Caspian Sea.
A gye indiraj, (v11 of gye) Becoming extinct (a family).
Being rolled together (as a scroll of parchment).
A L-99) indirs, (v11 of Lye) Being obliterated, erased.
A ex-ys) andarasiyn, A kind of perfume.
A 892;) indirt, (v11 of & y) Taking precedency. Being
 23)
driven back. Being dislocated (a bone). Being full (the belly).
Breaking forth from behind the clouds (the moon).
#*
Peyal andarn, A species of gum.
a jy) andarniy, A large money-bag.
re-y indaryn, The fruit of the colocynth.
rsJ& andar-bay, Necessity. Necessary. Suspended.
P ~99. andar-bayist, Requisite, necessary.
rt &ya, andar-bag, (Admitted) amongst the great; also
amongst the higher order of demons.
rl-Jl andar.jh, An interior place. A supplemental day
(of which five are added to the Persian year, to make their
twelve months, of thirty days each, equal to a solar year).
p :-yu! indirjaw, Sparrow's tongue (a plant). (s {Fsa.)
r);-j andar-khr, (99-y andar-khrd, or w-y
andar-khrah), Worthy, proper, well-deserving. Convenient.
rej) andar-khrdan, To deserve, to merit. To be
183 &\
of an herb, useful in curing diseases of horses. A celebrated
man. Andiz, Abridle, strap, or leathern thong for measuring.
Jj To order, to command. To measure with a thong.
pj andazr, Doctrine.
AJ--~! indiss, (v11 of L-3 dassa) Being hid, buried.
pj-w andishmr, A lecture, a discourse.
p Ju-835) andishml, A lecture. A loud clear voice.
A \c indisi, (v11 of jee) Answering, accepting.
A Jelc) indizs, (v11 of Jac) Becoming putrid (a corpse).
A 89A." indiie, (v11 of 859) Being repelled, or carried off.
Being given up, betrayed. Walking fast. Perishing. Repulse.
A gal indifk, (v11 of Gie) Being poured forth (water).
Running at full speed (a horse).
AJGA) indiffin, (v11 of eje) Hiding, covering, burying in
the ground. Being filled up (a well). Being buried.
JG& indikk, (v11 of J dakka) Being pounded small.
A

proper, convenient, agreeable, suitable, well adapted.
ry) andar-khrand, Worthy, proper.
rjy) andaras, A testament, last will, precept, admonition.
Jys' To order, command, make a will, bequeath.
rjja!" andar-z, A stone found in the gall-bladder of an ox.
rjy) andarzt, Sarcocolla (a gummy resinous juice).
P els andar-ghn, Intermediate times. Five intercalary
days added to the Persian year.
rys' andari, Together, all at once. With himself, it is his.
rl andarw, (39%) andarwj, s', y! andarwh, or
p : 3) andak, Little, few, small. Cl clandak andak,
By little and little, by degrees. J cl *- ba siph-i
andak-shumar, With an army, small in number.
A cl indikk, (v11 of ~3 dakka) Being made smooth.
A 2'-9" indikm, (v11 of 32) Rushing into (any thing).
PJl Andukn, Name of a city in the district of Farghn,
ress' andaki, A little. Littleness. Scarcity.
a cl indils, (v11 of e-le) Falling suddenly upon, rush
ing violently. Passing rapidly by. Defaming, vilifying.
A Jels' indilas, (v11 of J49) Slipping through the hand.

andaricay), Hanging, suspended. Astonished. Desire.
P 3.Uslandariryi, Astonishment, stupor. A hanging down
of the head. Desire, wish.
Ary) andarb, A ring-worm. The dry scab.
*Jyj) andarkhrn, Tares, darnel.
*Jj' andarkhn, Name of a coarse prickly shrub.
*999) andard, Incrustation. Decoration.
*jy) andarz, An examiner, an explorer, a spy. Mortar,
Plaster. A court-house. A forum, a market-place.
"Jy andarsrn, (Hracow) French honeysuckle.
G v,J& andarusakas, ('Avgoodwn;) The herb navelwort.A U.J.A.) Andalus, Spain, so called by the Arabians, from An
v-wlandaritkas, ('Avogdn.) The herb navel-wort.
Pe) andarn, Within. The inside. The heart, bowels.
Intrinsic, interior, internal. Jyey)Le To go in, to enter.
*eyaslandarn, A number of men met for a drinking-bout.
rj eyes' andarun-andar, A strap, a thong for measuring.
**, *) andarnah, A bed-sheet. A shirt. A doublet.
ry andaruni, Internal, intrinsic. Fine linen.
*~~~) andarhast, Wild saffron, dogs-bane.
***) andariy, A thick rope. A native of y) Andar.
"Jj'Andarimn, Name of a celebrated warrior.
Acy Al andarin, Name of a village in Syria; also of one
in Mesopotamia.
Ak).l indilt, (v11 of ale) Being driven forward (a current).
A {}s' indilt, (v11 of tle) Being lolled out (the tongue).
Being unsheathed (a sword). Swagging (the belly).
A 3).A.' indil, (v11 of ~ile) Being poured forth.
A J.A.' indilk, (v11 of Gle) Going before, outstripping.
Protruding (as an intestine). Falling (a sword from the sheath).
Overflowing, inundating (as a mighty stream, or countless host).
A JA) indilal, (v11 of Jo dalla) Being directed, guided, led.
Being poured out.
dalusia the province, which was first conquered in the year of
the Hijra 92 (A.D. 710) by Trik Bin Ziyd, under the khilfat
of Al Walid the 13th successor to Muhammad. They call
Spain likewise s2}-Jazirah, as being surrounded on three sides
by water; the same word in their language expressing an island
and a peninsula.
P ea n dam, Then, at that breath.
A z) indima, (v11 of ***) Adhering fast (one thing to
another). Being involved and intangled.
A J indimas, (v11 of U-c) Entering (a cave, or bath).
A Juces indimk, (v11 of G-c) Entering suddenly without
permission. Falling from (its) place. -

*A) andaz, Proposal, intention. Conjecture, opinion. Name A Jucs" indinal, (v11 of J.co) Being healed (a wound).
 e3)
P &c. 3) andamah, The remembrance of past affliction. A fasad-andesh, Mischief-making. Js)
warning, an admonition. Recapitulation. andesh, A pacific man.
p33}| andaw, Plaster, cement. A pitcher. Ando, Within.
P andub (or z andj), A pustule, a pimple.
p J andkhtan, To acquire, to collect. To pay a debt.
r &&" andkhtah, Acquired, gained. Profit. A treasury.
ru" andjkhish, Gain, profit, emolument. -
rl andid, Plaster, ointment, mortar. Q) j zar-andull,
Washed, gilt, or incrusted with gold.
P c andudan, To incrustate, plaster, cover over, anoint,
smear. To collect. To fold, envelope, complicate.
p 39,43) andwdah, Anointed. J% sexes" To incrustate.
rjs) andj, Gaining, acquiring. Seizing, occupying. Col
lecting, gathering. js) -* --~~. A dark night, a night
gathering darkness. j re $3. A wonderful city.
rjjaj) andzandah, Acquiring, gaining. A gainer.
p *j andozah. See 35'x3) andzah and s andjah.
P Jjs) andzidan, To gain, to acquire, to collect.
r) andjah, A violet. Endive.
r &A" andjshah, Name of a flower.
p $ anduk, Anxiety, grief, trouble, care.
r J" andil, A throne used by the kings of Mauritania.
P e ndun, There. Then. Thus.
re andun, Plaster, cement, mortar. Ointment.
P andwand, Upside down. Scattered, dispersed.
P **) anduh, (or s" andwh) Anxiety, grief, care, anguish.
F \s andawha, (pl. of 233) andaw) Pitchers.
T s anduh-gin (or *,x) andh-nk), Melancholy.
P 43,33) anduhah, The recollection of past sorrows.
p es) anduh?dan, To mourn, to grieve, to fret.
r s) anduh, Grief, sadness. Care, anxiety.
P e andahn, (irreg. pl. of ** anduh) Cares.
r; s andah kk, The lote-tree.
P **) and, Especially, particularly, chiefly. Perhaps, may
be. Also. Surprize. Hope. Days of yore.
A cs' indiyah, (v11 of z) Hanging pendulous (the belly).
A J-k' indiys, (v11 of U-59) Being threshed out.
A. J-x) indiys, (VII of La) Escaping out of one's hand.
Eloping. Being unsheathed (a sword). Attacking unawares.
A Js) indiyk, (v11 of Je) Being swollen (the belly).
A JWA) indiyl, (v11 of J) Migrating. Being ample and
swaggy (belly). Being discharged (from the belly). Adhering.
rej) andidan, To be surprized, or disturbed in mind.
To be sluggish, lazy, indolent, base, or mean. To speak ob
scurely and ambiguously. To incrustate, to overlay.
P J-2) and isi, A mode of writing.
P J andsh, Thinking, meditating, considering, reflecting.
Ut- khayr-andesh, Meditating on what is good, thinking
well. L**) --> A-khtir-i sawab-andesh, A mind re
flecting justly. Jy's fujr-andesh, Impious. U**) 9-3
184 3)
cke r mard-i salh
rej) andshnidan, To cause one to think.
r x<-33) andsh-mand(or andsh-nk), Thought
ful. It is written also x. a-A" and shah-mand.
P &A) andshah, Consideration, thought, meditation. Jea
lousy. Suspicion. Fear. Reverie. Care, anxiety.
Pex~~) andeshidan (e.9% &A"), To consider.
r 3 andik, A crowd, a company. And therefore, there
fore. Because. Would to heaven! Perhaps.
r ) andina, A water-melon.
A c insakh, (iv of 33) Riding fast (a troop).
A_\xi' insar, (iv of J&J) Warning, deterring, putting in fear.
Preaching. Dehortation, solemn admonition, dissuasion.
A J ansal, (pl. of J& nazl, and Jj nazil) Abject (men).
A anzarniy, Very white (salt).
P 5 J& anzaru, A pestilential wind. The bezoar-stone.
A --& insieb, (vii of -23) Flowing continually (water).
A les' inziei, (v11 of ~i=3) Being slain, cut off.
A 33) inzilgh, (v11 of t) Ripening (dates).
a insi-, (vii of 33) Dying suddenly.
P2) anar, Ugly, hideous. Bad.
ry' anra, Him, to him. That, to that.
A anrub, A disease which causes the nails to drop off.
st:
The itch, the scab.
rj-3) anz, A lentil.
A y insii, (1v of 253) Sprinkling with blood.
A cy- inzah, (1v of c5-) Exhausting, drying up (a well).
Aj-) insar, (1v of j}) Giving little (in a present).
p*y-) inzrah, Mortar falling from a wall.
Ajj-" inzaz, (1v of 53 nasa) Nourishing, suckling (as a deer
her fawn). Becoming hard, hardening.
A &P) inzt, (1v of {j-) Having cattle returning eagerly
to their accustomed habitation or pasture. Having part of the
forehead bald.
A j-" incaf, (1v of 5) Exhausting (tears). Being des
titute of water (a well). Possessing such a well. Intoxicating.
A JP) inzak, (1v of Uj-) Raising the fore-feet for a leap (a
horse). Causing (a horse) to raise his feet. Laughing immo
derately. From being wise, becoming a fool.
A J);-) anzal, (pl. of JP nusl) Provisions prepared for a
guest. Inzal, (1v of JP) Preparing to entertain a guest.
Causing to descend, sending down. Emitting.
A Jj' insibk, (v11 of Gj) Entering.
A_\-53) insijr, (v11 of,-3) Being repulsed, prohibited.
A 93) inzirb, (v11 of ~93) Lurking (as a hunter).
A Jinzirak, (v11 of J_j) Slipping back (a pack-saddle).
Going backwards. Lying supine. Penetrating (an arrow).
A P anzarit, Sarcocolla, flesh-glue.

C-)
A&P anzas, (A man) bald about the temples.
Az- inzigj, (v11 of g) Agitation, emotion, concussion.
AJ- inzizak, (v11 of Gej) Being panic-struck. Crying
out. Travelling fast (beast of burden). Taking the lead (ahorse).
A -5- inzikb, (v11 of -35) Entering (a cave).
A JF anzil, Descend thou (to fight in an amphitheatre).
AJ} inzilak, (v11 of J-5) Sliding, slipping.
A inzimam, (v11 of j -amma) Being tied with a bridle.
re an zamn, That time. Then, at that time.
A}}, inzic, (v11 of sj) Being concealed. Retiring into a
cell (a recluse). Shrivelling up before the fire (leather).
P anzah (or ;3| anjah), A lentil.
...A J- inzihk, (v11 of Gj) Jumping (a startled horse).
A Jj inziyl, (v11 of Jj) Failing, perishing.
A v anas, More or most familiar. Stern, severe. (A man)
unpliant in his religion, firm in his principles. Hard (place).
#A v- anisa, (fut. v. ya-nasu) He associated (with).
A U-3" ans or ins, Mankind (the medium between c-jinn,
a demon, genius, or spirit, and J.--> wahshy, the brute crea
tion). Some derive the sense of this word from Society, which
it likewise implies; whilst others trace it to us- nasa', which in regular succession.
signifies, He forgot; from the circumstance of Adam's forget
fulness and disobedience to God. Uns, (from L-') Society,
habit, custom, companionship, familiarity. Anas, Intimacy. A
company or society of people living together. Mankind.
A- ans, (pl. of U-3 nasa') Nerves or tendons which ex
tend from the hips to the heels. Diseases which affect these
nerves. Insi, (iv of ~) Making one to forget.
A 4- insa-a, (1 v of t-) Deferring, granting a delay.
A --' ansb, (pl. of -- nasab) Generations, families,
lines, successors, progenies, parentages. Genealogies. The
Arabians are extremely careful in the preservation of their ge
nealogies, founded chiefly upon two recommendations in the
Kurn: We have separated you into many people and tribes,
that you may know one another. And, Learn who are
. your ancestors, and pray for your parents. An Arabian au
thor wrote a book called J!" --", containing Arabian ge
nealogies from Adam down to 562 of the Hijra, in eighty vo
lumes; which another extended afterwards to above a hundred,
under the title of --> JT al-i lubb, The pure noblesse.
Insib, (iv of --) Prevailing, blowing hard (wind), seat
tering (at the same time) dust, gravel, &c.
Al-- unss, (sy R1Ac) Raisins.
A 8 anst, Broad ways (pl. of 3- missat) North winds.
Bridles or reins made of twisted thongs of leather. Insat, (iv
"'s Blowing, or getting about to, the north.
A {-\insigh, (1v of 8-) Beating one severely (with whips
or rods). (A tree) sprouting afresh (after being lopped).
AJ- insak, (1v of G-3) Speaking in rhyme.
-
185 C-)
a Ju-' ansl, (pl. of J masl) Progenies, offsprings. Insil,
(1v of J-3) Moulting, shedding or changing (feathers or hair).
Being near moulting time (an animal). Shedding their extreme
parts (plants). Excelling.
A l-linsiim, (1v of -) Reviving. Dismissing, liberating.
A e- insan, Man, mankind. A ghost. The top, peak, or
ridge of a mountain. The tip of the finger. The shadow of a
man. Ground not sowed. Name of a well. J e- insanu'l
ayn, The pupil of the eye. e- ce taynul insan, The eye
of a man, i. e. the glory or ornament of man.
A 3-) insaniy, Human. C-'-3" insaniyat, Human na
ture, humanity. Courtesy, civility, urbanity, politeness.
A ---' ansab, More or most convenient, agreeable, con
formable, advisable, proper.
A l-) ansibii, (pl. of e--, nasib) Related. Nobly-allied.
A --) insib-a, (vii of -) Being excoriated, flayed.
A 3-3) anasat (from v'), Intimacy. Use. Cheerfulness.
r &-7 anastah (or 4 anastah), Root of the herb Ax.
A cl- insijah, (v11 of *) Forgiving, pardoning.
A_\s- insijr, (v11 of, s) Being let fall (hair). Following
A Jus-" insijl, (v11 of Jse") Being poured out (water).
A els- insijm, (v11 of **) Being poured out (water).
A -\s-" insihb, (v11 of -s-) Being trailed along.
Al-Us" insiht, (v11 of las-) Slipping through the hand.
A gus- insihk, (v11 of G s) Being rubbed, pulverized.
A Jus- insihl, (v11 of Je") Being lightened. Lightness.
Speaking diffusely. Copiousness, exuberance of style.
A gl- insidaj, (v11 of z-) Falling flat on the face.
A cle- insidah, (v11 of c-) Lying upon the back.
A zle- insidkh, (v11 of t-) Being expanded.
A 2'-3" insidad, (v11 of ~ sadda) Being closed, locked.
A Me- insidr, (v11 of J.A.) Hastening, walking fast. Having
loose dishevelled hair.
A J'A-3" insidal, (vii of J-) Being let down (a woman's
veil, garments, hair, &c.).
A "A-" insidam, (VII of ^2-) Being visited with plagues.
A- ansur, (pl. of 2.3 nasr) Vultures. Eagles.
Ay- insir, (v11 of 5-) Being shaken off (fear, sadness).
A~|~! insirab, (v11 of ~~) Entering his burrow (a fox).
A cy insirah, (v11 of cr) Undressing, stripping. Lying
on the back and stretching out the feet. Creeping, flowing.
A c- insitah, (v11 of 2-) Lying on the ground stretched
out and motionless.
A --" insitb, (v11 of x-) Flowing (water).
A j- insiair, (v11 of A-) Being kindled, burnt. Squab
bling, wrangling (thieves). Appearing (the mange) about the
arm-pits, groins, and lips (of a camel).
2 B
 c)
A_\i- insifar, (VII of ,...) Being disjoined, separated.
A J-) insifik, (v11 of Gi-) Lying wide open (a door).
A --; insikb, (v11 of %-) Being poured out. Flow
ing (blood or water).
A}-\ insil, (v11 of 3-) Being shaken off (sadness).
A --; insilb, (v11 of 4) Walking fast (a camel).
A t- insilakh, (v11 of 3-) Being drawn off (a skin).
Being ended (a month). Quitting. Departing. Putting off a
garment (a man), a slough (a snake), the night (the day).
A t-3) insilt, (v11 of t-) Having fissures or cracks.
A --; insilk, (vii of ex-) Being inserted, threaded.
The insertion of one thing into another. Entrance, admission.
A J- insill, (v11 of J- salla) Stealing away privately,
eloping. Falling or dropping out from the midst.
r:-T n sil, That side, thither, from the other side, through.
P J- uns?, Familiar, domestic, tame, gentle.
A J- insiy, A man. The interior part, the inside.
left side. The right side.
A s-3" insiy-a, (v11 of ") Flowing spontaneously (milk).
A --~"insiyb, (vii of Q--) Returning. Gliding along
the ground swiftly (a serpent). Flowing (water).
A. c- insiyah, (v11 of *~) Enlargedness of heart.
A t- insiyt, (v11 of 8-) Flowing (water, or wine).
A J-3) insiyk, (v11 of J.-) Being stimulated, impelled,
driven forward. Marching onward. Flowing.
A c- insiym, (v11 of ex-) Bidding against one another.
A G-3) unsiyat, Familiarity, intimacy.
A-3" insh, (iv of J-5) Smelling, scenting.
k
-- - - - - -
A s insh-a, (1v of \) Rising up, starting into existence.
Beginning. Creating, producing. Composing or reciting (verse).
Elegance of style. Form, style, composition. A sus \-3)
insh-kitb (or simply \-3) insh), The belles lettres.
A \ e) in sha-a, If (he) please. J &\\l insh allahu
tagi', ;"--or Jj'-'-
Ejaculations, implying, if it pleases God, God willing, by the
blessing of God, and so forth.
A --~" inshb, (iv of ev) Fixing, laying (snares).
P lr. \-3) insh-pardz, Elegance of composition. The
term insh is particularly applied to the forms of letter-writing.
A z) anshj, (pl. of g- nashaj) Aqueducts, canals.
A c-3) inshd, (iv of A-) Giving information concerning a
thing lost. Enquiring about something that had been lost. Read
ing, or reciting a poem. Lampooning, satirizing.
A j inshr; (iv of 2.3) Recovering, recalling to life. Dif.
fusing, scattering, dispersing. Sprinkling.
Aj." anshz, (pl. of 5-3 nasha.) High places. Elevations.
Old men, yet sound and healthy. Inshz, (1v of j.) Collecting
and carrying bones (which had been taken away) to their pro
per repository, and piling them one upon another.
186 c)
A\|^\-3' unshsh, (sy R1Ac) Dried grapes.
A Je-) inshs, (iv of Ja-) Banishing or removing (people)
from their native country, compelling them to emigrate.
A 2'-3" ansht or insht, (A well) full of water, having water
near to the mouth or pipe, which conveys it into the cistern, so
that it can be easily pumped up. Insht, (iv of at) Making
brisk, cheerful. Putting (a horse) in spirits by proper feeding.
Biting (as a serpent). Loosing, untying (a knot). Fastening,
mending (any thing) broken, splicing. Ordering one to drive
camels. Having cheerful, well-fed domestics, horses or cattle.
A t- insha, (1v of 83) Putting any thing into the mouth
or nose of an infant. Giving (a groom or horse-lender) his fare,
or (a fortune-teller) his fee. Assisting any one (to a draught).
A 33) inshf, (1v of -8.5) Giving to drink the froth of new
milk. Bringing forth a male colt after a female (a camel).
A cl-" inshk, (1v of C-) Snuffing up (any thing cephalic).
The Catching (deer) by toils.
A Jinsh-ry, Productive, having the power of production.
A --- inshibab, (v11 of -, shabba) Growing up (a lad).
A J-Winshibal, (vii of J-) Flowing gently. :
A ~" inshitt, (v11 of shatta) Being dispersed.
A y-" inshitar, (v11 of 2) Having inverted, and relaxed,
eye-lids (a man). Being inverted and relaxed (the eye-lids).
A clk- inshikhab, (v11 of ) Flowing profusely.
A 'A'-' inshid, (v11 of 2-3.) Repeating (verses) in a sonorous
tone of voice. Acquiring learning, or other accomplishments.
A zy- inshiraj, (v11 of z) Being full of chinks or cracks.
Lying open, gaping.
-
A cy- inshirah, (v11 of cr) Joy, gladness, expansion of
-
the bosom with joy.
A J- inshirak, (v11 of J) Being cleft (a bow).
-
A *}< inshiram, (v11 of **) Being split or cleft.
Ala inshita, (v11 of 24.) Branching out in different ways.
A -la--" inshitab, (vii of ) Flowing (water).
A --" inshizab, (v11 of -> *) Being derived, subdivided,
propagated. Branching out in many directions,
A ***) inshizt, (v11 of 8 shatta) Getting amongst the
flock and wasting it (a wolf).
A J-" inshie, (v11 of J-3) Being kindled. Burning.
A J-Winshikak, (v11 of G.) Branching out in many direc
tions (a tree, or a road). Being divided, split, cleft, broken
up. 23) J- Splitting the moon (an operation which some
pious Muhammadans believe was performed by their prophet).
A J) inshilal, (vii of J.: shalla) Being driven forwa"
(camels). Flowing, trickling.
A_\,," inshimr, (v11 of 2-3) Preparing for, setting about
(any business). Going nimbly, briskly (a horse).
A Jl inshiml, (v11 of J) Readiness, dispatch.
A z- inshinaj, (v11 of **) Being shrivelled (the skin).
 C-3)
Ael.' inshinn, (vii of e shanna) Being dried up (a
*} leathern bottle). Wrinkling, shrivelling (the skin of an old man).
A !- inshiw, (v11 of t) Being roasted (meat).
A s- unshdat, Verse, when recited in public assemblies.
g Sloping (ground), flowing down (sand). Being smitten with love.
ems Aik- unshtat, A running knot upon strings, which may
easily be loosed (such as is used in the fastening of garments).
t: A Sl inshiyz, (v11 of 4) Putting on a turban.
A Jl inshiyl, (v11 of J*) Being lifted up (a water-pot).
wim. A - inshiym, (v11 of **) Being beheld (with respect),
regarded, revered. Penetrating (into anything).
l
c 4: 'anshiniyah, (Eyzaina) Commemoration-festivals.
sh,
Ala'ansi, (pl. of 3a nasiyat) The most excellent, selected.
Insii, (1v of 3-aj) Apprehending (any one) taking (him) by his
f:
fore-locks. Abounding with a kind of white thistle (ground).
A -la,' ansb, (pl. of -a nusb) Idols, statues. The stones
erected round the temple of Mecca, to which they repeat 3) all
4) There is no god but God; and upon which sacrifices were
offered up to idols. The seven sacred limits of Mecca. Insab,
(iv of vaj) Being indisposed, sick, fatigued, vexed. Laying
a snare, Fitting a handle (to a knife). Nasbing or nasbating,
A grammatical term for inscribing the vowel (-) fatha (called
otherwise --~~ nasb) over a consonant.
A -\al insit, (iv of a) Keeping silence. Commanding
any one to keep silence. Listening, paying attention. Having
a propensity to jesting and mimicry.
A cal insah, (1v of 2-) Causing (anything) to be done at
tentively, and in order. Making (camels) to drink sufficiently.
Aj ansir, (pl. of, a nasr) Aids. Victories, (pl. of 20
nsir) Assistants, defenders, auxiliaries, friends, confederates,
warriors, protectors, (applied particularly to the citizens of Ma
dina, who assisted Muhammad when obliged to fly from Mecca).
This word signifies also Christians in Arabic, though they are
more commonly called s9|a Nasara' (Nazarenes).
A & insit, (iv of 8-a) Acknowledging and discharging
(a debt). Making evident, or clear. Disclosing what is in one's
mind. Exposing one's self (to danger or difficulty). Wishing
for, or rushing to, battle. Standing on end with horror (hair).
A -- ansa, (pl. of -3.2 misf and C-3-a nasf) Half
pounds. Halves. (pl. of -i-, nasaf and &= nasafat) Mid
*-aged (menor women). Insi, (iv of -i-) Dividing, taking
half. Keeping the middle path. Travelling at noon. Adjusting
(a difference) equitably. Serving. Doing (anything) quickly.
Equity, justice, discretion, moderation. P ... * bi-insa,
With justice. Just. Justly. s J. bi-insif, Unjust.
A Jl insal, (1v of J.a.) Taking off the head (of an arrow or
pear). Eradicating (hair by a tincture). Extracting a mote
(from the eye). Fixing a head (upon a spear). Driving (an
*now) deep into anything.
*~~" ansab, Straight-horned (goat).
187 C)
Al-as" ansib (or *-all ansibat), (pl. of Q--a nasib) Parts,
portions. Chances. Good fortunes.
A ---a" insibb, (vii of --~ sabba), Being poured forth.
A &\-a! insibgh, (iv of 3-2) Being dyed. Being baptized.
Ae-a" insibn, (vii of cre) Retiring, returning. Turning
one's self. Flowing.
A 8'24. insidda, (v11 of 892) Being split asunder, disjoined.
A cra' insirah, (v11 of tr) Plainness, openness, clearness.
A -), as insir, (v11 of -5,-) Turning one's self. Retiring,
returning. Departing. Flowing.
A ra,' insiram, (v11 of re) Being broken off, terminated.
A i-a" ansa, More or most just and equitable.
A ka, insifit, (v11 of lake) Fainting, swooning away. Con
tracting one's self. Pressing against, driving to (the wall).
A cal insik, (v11 of G.2) Being turned, changed. Being
shut. Being opened. Being soothed, coaxed. Being depressed.
AJ<!" ansul, (pl. of Ja nast) Sharp points, heads (of darts).
Pointed beards (of corn).
A ..." insilt, (v11 of c-le) Running full speed (a horse).
A cka" insilah, (v11 of 2-) Making peace one with another.
A &al insilt, (v11 of s-) Breaking forth from behind a
cloud (the sun), and coming to its zenith.
A La) insim, (v11 of Je) Being poured out.
A &lr= unsulat, The flower or thistle-down of a kind of wall
herb called Ja nasl or buhma'.
A j insihr, (v11 of Je) Being melted, dissolved.
A " insiyb, (v11 of ~3). Being found (Exod. ix. 19).
A -al insiyt, (v11 of <-2-2) Hearing, answering, obey
ing when called. From being crooked, becoming straight.
Going backward. Acquiring celebrity.
A c- insiyah, (v11 of c-) Being cleft (the earth). Being
rent (a garment). Shining forth (the moon).
Ajra." insiyr, (v11 of 5.2) Being inclined, propense.
A t- insiyt, (v11 of 8 :-) Becoming separated, dispersed.
Being twisted. Departing. Passing quickly by.
A &\ral insiygh, (v11 of & re) Being fashioned, moulded.
* A Ji- aniza (fut. J- 3/a-mizu), (The meat) stunk.
# A c-anusa (futu- 3ya-nuzu) (The meat) was ill dressed.
Ail anxi, (pl. of 3-i-, mixie) Emaciated (cattle). Iron bits,
&c. (separate from the bridles). Inz, (1v of 3.33) Making
lean, extenuating, dissolving, macerating. Giving away (an
emaciated camel). Wearing (a garment) thread-bare.
A -li," inzb, (iv of --~~) Bringing or pulling towards
you. Drawing a bow.
A z-i- inzaj, (1v of **)
Maturing. Cooking properly.
A cki- anzah, (pl. ofe- nasah) Watering-ponds. Inzh,
(1v of c) Beginning to fill (ears of corn). Repelling (an in
2 B 2
 \-3)
jury). Defending another (from an enemy, by assailing him with
arrows, or javelins. Tarnishing (the honour of another).
A ci" anxid, (pl. of xi nasad) Bed-cloths laid one upon
another. Counterpanes, carpets, cushions; the most valuable
kinds of such furniture; the beds, couches, thrones, or places
where those coverlets are spread. Noble, eminent (men). No
bilities. Fathers, uncles, or ancestors (eminent for birth, for
tune, bravery, or merit). Fat camels. Clouds, which have the
appearance of being heaped one upon another. Rocks (falling
from mountains) piled one over another. Crowds or troops of men.
A_\i inzr, (1v of ri-) Shining, being beautiful (counte
nance or colour). Endowing with beauty (God).
A Ji inzz, (1v of La nazza) Giving little milk (to
lambs, or kids). Finishing, expediting, dispatching (business).
A -i-) inz, (iv of -i-i) Causing to break wind. Trot
ting (a camel). Making (a camel) trot. Eating a great deal of
organy or bastard-marjoram (camels).
A Ji." insal, (1v of J-i-) Fatiguing, making lean (a camel).
A c-i- inzibah, (v11 of **) Becoming black (colour).
A*-i" inzibat, (v11 ofa-3) Being bound fast, or confirmed.
A 3-i' anizzat, (pl. of i-i- na:7xat) Moderate (rains). Gen
tle (winds). Softly-flowing (waters). Anissat, (or 3.3 \cs
rat anizsat) Noise made by meat whilst broiling.
A &\s insijt, (v11 of t) Reclining on one side.
Ari) anzar, Florid, vivid, shining. Water-moss. Gold,
silver, of the finest kind, a lump of pure gold, or virgin silver.
A species of the Ji asl, or mountain-tamarisk, with long erect
branches, of which they make all kinds of cups, &c. ri c
A cup made of this wood. Anxur, (pl. of, is narr) Golds, silvers.
A<!--" inzira-a, (v11 of y) Dying.
Az!-i- inziraj, (v11 of gr) Diffusing itself (lightning).
Being cleft. Being very wide apart (saying and doing). Pounc
ing on his prey (an eagle). Being florid (the cheek).
A cy- inzirah, (v11 of cr) Being wide asunder.
Aki," insighat, (v11 of ***) Pressing against a wall.
A ji" insifar, (v11 of ,...) Being platted (two ropes).
A t-i- inzimkh, (v11 of **) Being profusely anointed.
A *-i- inzimam, (VII of -e samma) Being bound, drawn
together. Conjunction, collection, addition. Augmentation, in
crease. Association. I ove.
A. z-) inziyj, (v11 of z:-) Lying widely extended.
A t-i- inziyt; (v11 of {x}) Fluttering (as a young bird).
Flying to and fro in quest of food for its young (a bird).
A 3.33) insiyi, (v11 of ir) Joining one's self to another.
A la) anatt, Distant. A distant journey.
A U-Vanta, (pl. of s natt) The pedicles of unripe dates.
Inti, (1v of la in the dialect of Arabia Felix) Giving.
A {\ ant, (pl. of t nate) The fore-parts of the palate.
A J Antabulus, Name of a city in Africa.
188 S)
A Wai' int, (iv of -la) Rendering suspected, accusing of
crimes, making notorious, for any thing bad.
A Ja intak, (1 v of cla) Endowing with reason. Bestowing
the faculty of speech.
A Ja antkiy, Belonging to, or a native of Antioch, in
Syria. The herb scammony, or a medicine prepared with it,
(so called because carried into Persia from Antioch).
A 3.5"a"Antkiyah, Antioch.
A zla" intibakh, (v11 of **) Being cooked.
A *" intibt, (v11 of t) Being sealed, stamped. Being
trained, disciplined. Obedience, obsequiousness, compliance.
A Jla) intibak, (v11 of J) Being equal, congruous, con
sonant. Being covered with a lid.
A c intihh, (v11 of 2.
tahha) Being stretched out.
A. ^-la' intisam, (v11 of -*) Being obliterated, cancelled.
A \' inii-a, (v11 ofl.) Being extinguished, quenched.
A U- intilas, (v11 of v) Being hidden (business).
A Jla" intilak, (v11 of J) Being dismissed, divorced. De
parting, going away.
A ' antilat, (pl. of a natl) Evils, misfortunes. Portents.
Large urns. Longa habentes genitalia.
rela) antalyn (or ex- antalistin), The rainbow.
A L--' intimas, (v11 of U-1}) Being obliterated, effaced.
A Jla) intiml, (v11 of Jak) Associating with thieves.
A \;=\ intiwa, (v11 of -) Being folded together.
A **) intiham, (v11 of) Being estranged from another.
A cls" intiyd, (v11 of e;) Following one's inclinations.
A_\ intiyr, (v11 of A.) Being split, cleft.
A Sla" intiyt, (v11 of **) Obsequiousness, submission.
A c inzah, (1v of 2* not in use) Filling (ears of corn).
Aj' anzar, (pl. of A.) Looks. Eyes. Inzr, (iv of A.)
Exhibiting. Deferring, delaying, ordering to wait. Resembling.
A anzam, Particles (of sand) adhering together. A string
of pearls. A row of eggs; also the egg-bed (in fowls). Inzam,
(1v of **) Arranging, stringing (beads). Composing verses.
Having the lines called J misamni (a lizard or a fish).
A. J insamni (or nismni), Two white lines
on the back of a Lybian lizard, stretching from the head to the tail.
A inzilm, (v11 of **) Submitting to injuries.
A &la' anximat, (pl. of nizm) Strings (of pearls).
A intt, (1v of ) Being beautifully shaped.
A - intas, (1v of ~~~) Preparing to proceed (on a jour
ney). Pouring down (riches). Being prodigal. <2* 3 *
hum f. intas, They act or proceed diligently.
A z) intaj, (1v of *) Having fat camels.
A jintir, (1v of 23) Producing fruit (the plant W).
A J-) intas, (1v of U-3) Begetting heavy, sleepy children.
A U inefish, (iv of J) Exalting. Raising (the eye).
 s 180
Rigi akll intt, (iv of law) Dividing in two a mass (of dough).
A jine, (iv of - not in use) Sitting on the decli
sng vity of a mountain.
AJ& inzl, (iv of J) Shoeing (a horse). Putting on shoes.
Having many slippers. Becoming white (a horse's pastern).
with: aflanean, (pl. of natam) Camels, cattle, animals.
Ingn, (iv of **) Bestowing abundance, conferring a favour.
Completing. Doing much. Saying ** nitam Yes. Slipping,
stealing upon one with naked feet, or on tip-toe. Blowing from
the south. A donative, a benefaction, a largess, a favour.
A lwlintimt, (pl. of c intm) Presents. Favours.
AA." intib-a, (v11 of **) Being stuffed, or crammed.
A JAx' insidl, (v11 of Jae) Deviating from the right way.
Azyx' ingiraj, (v11 of gy) Being bent. Bending (one's)
d self. Inclining westward (the sun).
A J}<! intizl, (v11 of J) Being dismissed, cashiered.
& A Jlinghill, (v11 of J ghalla) Being inserted (one thing
A --~" insisi, (v11 of -i-e) Being bent, folded.
d!, A Jlinaishsh, (vii of Je ashsha) Being repaired (a
shirt, shift, or other under garment).
A -lax." in&isab, (v11 of C-vac) Firmness, power, strength.
Ajax infisr, (v11 of rac) Being squeezed, expressed.
A lax" infism, (v11 of eae) Being preserved, defended.
Aks! insitt, (v11 of |ae atta) Being rent (a garment).
Being bent without breaking (wood).
A lax" intit, (v11 of ~ilac) Being bent, turned, folded.
A cw' intitn, (v11 of eja-) Being macerated with dung,
salt, and the plant J- talka' (hides). Stinking by being de
prived of its wool or hair (a skin).
Ajs' intifar, (v11 of, c) Being soiled with dust.
A J-x' intifas, (v11 of U.Sc) Being covered with dust.
A Jl intifak, (v11 of Cc) Advancing rapidly in any work.
A Jl intikd, (v11 of Ac) Being firmly bound, fixed,
established, concluded, agreed, stipulated, bargained. Being
coagulated, curdled (milk in the breast).
Ajx' intikr, (v11 of,52) Being lamed in the foot (a horse).
Being cut off, killed. Being detained, kept in durance.
* intik, (v11 of ific) Being bent, curved.
A Jl intikk, (v11 of, r takka) Being cleft. Being dis
solved in rain (clouds). Flashing like a sword (lightning).
A. u- inikas, (v11 of v) Being turned upside down.
Reflection (from a mirror), repercussion, reverberation.
A * antum, (pl. of ** nutm) Successes, prosperities. Con
veniences. (pl. of & nigmat) Presents, gifts, benefits, fa
WOurs,
A sax;" intimd, (v11 of A42) Being supported, propped up.
A Jax' intimal, (v11 of Jac) Being wrought, performed.
A cw! Alantamni, Name of a place.
A'' intiwa, (v11 of c) Being twisted, bent, distorted.
-)
a zl insiyj, (vii of z}=) Being bent. Feeling an in
clination towards.
A \" ingh, (1v of s) Speaking intelligibly.
Ajl inghr, (iv of,x) Yielding milk mixed with blood (a
sheep). Being corrupted, rotten, addle (egg). Dyeing red.
A U2\linghs, (1v of Jax) Making (life) uncomfortable.
A vilinghz, (1v of J.3%) Moving the head (in wonder).
A Jlinghl, (1v of J) Spoiling (a hide) in tanning.
A L--/ inghiss, (v11 of U-3 ghassa) Being dipt in water.
A Ju-k"inghisal, (v11 of J-3) Being washed.
A JAik" inghizz, (v11 of Lighazza) Winking.
A li inghizi, (v11 of -i-ie) Being enveloped in dust.
Falling in, being choked up (a well).
Aklak" inghitt, (v11 of as ghatta) Being immersed in water.
A \linghif, (v11 of 33) Being broken. Rout, defeat.
A J inghilak, (v11 of c) Being shut up, closed.
into another). Entering, penetrating. -
Aj inghimr, (v11 of 23) Being drowned, overwhelmed.
A J-k' inghins, (v11 of U-4) Being plunged into water.
Sinking, settling down.
A Jek" inghim, (v11 of J) Looking through half-shut
eyes. Winking.
A inghimam, (v11 of * ghamma) Being closed, stop
ped up (the mouth or nostrils). Being sorrowful. Sadness.
A \ inghiy, (v11 of s;) Being deceived, seduced.
A Jlinghiys, (v11 of Ji) Decreasing, falling (water).
Ak" inghiyt, (v11 of *::) Being bent (wood).
Ak" inghiys, (v11 of 4.3) Being in a rage.
A Tna, (A field) producing quickly. Mnif, Preceding.
The first part of any given time. *\f nifan, A little before,
a while ago. The first time. Anu, (pl. of -' an) Noses.
*A i'ania, (fut. s ya-miu) He coloured with rage.
A i" an. A nose. Jy" " That part of the ground
which is exposed to the sun (as he is said to take it by the nose).
9." Intenseness of cold. J- #" The nose of a moun
tain, i.e. a promontory. i -) A bit of bread. A.!" i
The greatest vehemence. $" The prince or chief of the
people. ** $" The side of the beard. Jaa" & The first
sprouts produced by the rain. &" ex- hmi anhi, He de
fends his nose, i.e. he preserves his dignity, or gravity; he is
lofty, fastidious. 33 3 & J- jatala anahu fi kafhi, He
puts his nose in his neck, i.e. he turned from the right way, he
committed iniquity. & st yatatabbatu anahu, He fol
lows his nose, i.e. he goes right.
A #' ana, (from -') Disdaining. Colouring up, being
ashamed. Loathing, desiring nothing (a pregnant woman).
Excelling, preceding. Pre-eminence. Ani, (A camel) pained
in the nose. Submissive to the will of another.
 ) 190
A #) unu, (as **) rawzat unuf) A garden recently
enclosed. A field not yet grazed. -' J-3 kas unu, A new
cup (one out of which nobody has drank). The first cup offered
to any person in company.
A z) infaj, (1v of **) Removing the pail, for a moment,
from under the dugs, whilst milking. Causing to leap.
A c" infd, (iv of A) Consuming, exhausting. Suffering
from a scarcity of water and provisions (men).
A &\infs, (iv of 3:3) Transmitting, causing any thing to
pass, penetrate, pervade, or be received. Performing, achiev
ing. Entering (a crowd). Courting popularity.
Aj anar, (pl. of, naar) Individuals, persons. Soldiers.
Infr, (1v of ) Aiding, assisting, relieving, redressing. Pro
claiming a conqueror. Having timid run-away camels. Ter
rifying, putting to flight.
Aj) infaz, (Iv of j) Turning (an arrow upon the nail, to
try its goodness). Dandling (an infant).
A. L-) anas, (pl. of L- naas) Breathings, spirits. Inter
vals, breathing times. Voices, words, utterings, songs, intona
tions. J- J-l Sweet or musky words. Infas, (1v of U.K.)
Rendering wishful, desirous. Affording pleasure. Being precious.
A Vl anasan, Moment after moment, by intervals.
A J infash, (1v of U) Allowing (sheep or camels) to
pasture in the night-time without a shepherd.
A J infaz, (1v of Li) Having many young ones (ca
mels). Losing many cattle. Being destitute, or having a scar
city of provisions for a journey.
Ak! inft, (iv of ag) Blistering the hand (hard labour).
Scattering urine at intervals, here and there (a goat). Anointing
with naphtha (in paralytic cases), or with any thing of a similar
bituminous substance.
A infat, (1v of 8-9) Selling walking-sticks.
P J infk, Oil of olives.
A. J%) infk, (1v of C) Expending, disbursing. Spending
(one's substance) in supporting another. Having goods easily
vendible. Having a brisk market. Becoming poor. Having
the nerves expanded or relaxed from fatness (camels).
G J) unfk, (Oapnov) The juice of unripe grapes.
A J) anfl, (pl. of Jj naal) Plunder, spoils (especially
those taken from unbelievers in the Muhammadan religion); a
fifth part of which, by a verse in the Kurn, was ordained to separate, distant. Recreation, relaxation of mind. An interval.
belong to God, to the Prophet, to his kindred, to the orphans,
to the poor, and to the pilgrims; (a distribution which has af alone. Singleness, singularity. e),...) J- salal infird (or
forded a wide field for diversity of opinion among the Muham *\e, ' infiradan), Singly, one by one.
madan lawyers). Presents, gifts. Wild herbs, medicinal for
horses. Infl, (1v of J3) Giving presents, bestowing largely.
(A general) dividing the whole booty (among his soldiers, with
out any reservation to himself). Taking a hatchet to cut down
the tragacanth-tree, where with to feed camels.
A J" anan, Large-nosed. Arrogant, haughty, presuming.
-)
A s infh, (1v of &) Debilitating.
A e- &T nifatu's sabiyi, The wallowing, or creeping of
a boy before he can walk.
A& anfat, The beginning or exordium (of an oration, &c.).
r $) andfat, Loss, damage.
A - anafat, (from -il) Loathing, disdaining.
A initt, (v11 of ~3 fatta) Being broken, crumbled.
A c infitah, (VII of ) Being wide open (a door).
A J' infitak, (v11 of G-3) Being split, burst in sunder;
cracking. Suffering under a fatal disorder (a camel), the seat
of which is between the navel and the udder.
A J infital, (v11 of J-3) Being twisted. Being diverted
from one's purpose. Receding.
A s infisii-a, (v11 of *3) Being stilled, appeased.
A c-) inisis (v11 of ~3 fassa) Being broken. Defeat.
rl anfaj, Gain, profit. Success.
A_\s infijar, (VII of, s) Bursting out, and flowing freely.
Being dispelled by the rising dawn (shades of night).
A J's" inijk, (vii of cs) Spreading widely (lightning).
A JUs inijal, (v11 of J*) Feigning, forging, devising
A Js infajniy, Exceeding bounds, imprudent (inspeech).
A&s infahhat, Coagulating or, curdling of milk (especially
in the stomachs of sucking lambs, kids, hares, &c.). A kind of
substance of a yellow colour, which is taken from their stomachs,
and preserved in cotton for curdling milk. (When these animals
graze the stomach is then called U% kirsh). Name of an herb.
A * anfakh, Having swelled testicles.
A cls infikhat, (v11 of s) Being perforated (a roof).
Aes inikhan, Swelling with fat (a paunch).
r s anfakht, Gain, any thing collected. Capital, stock.
re-s anakhtan (or eye-s), To gain, to acquire.
A "&" infida, (v11 of JAS) Being redeemed.
A &\ infidagh, (v11 of **) Being weak from dryness.
r &" anadah, Light. A vain boaster, a loquacious fool.
A \,; infir, (v11 of 5,3) Being cleft asunder.
A <! infirs, (v11 of ~3) Being pierced (the stomach
or liver) and their contents let out. A swoon or fainting fit (such
particularly as a pregnant woman is subject to).
A g iniraj, (v11 of) Gaping, cleaving asunder. Being
A infird, (v11 of 9,3) Using one thing only. Being
A. Jy inirak, (v11 of J,3) Being separated, divided.
A. <\;<\ infirak, (v11 of A) Being rubbed in the hands
(an ear of corn, linen, &c.). Having the shoulder dislocated.
Aj) inizr, (v11 of 253) Being torn, burst (a garment). --
A U.K.) anas, More or most precious. Anus, (pl. of v
nafs) Minds, spirits, souls. Persons, individuals.
 -)-
At-il inftsah, (v11 of * Expanding (the bosom). Joy.
A1s' inisakh, (v11 ofa-) Being broken, dissolved, vio
lated, dislocated. Being excommunicated, anathematized.
A 2-#" inistid, (v11 of A-3) Being corrupted.
AJ- inisak, (v11 of G-3) Quitting its shell (a ripe date).
re-" anast, A spider's web. Name of several herbs,
particularly of one which is medicinal for horses.
A L infishish, (v11 of U+3 fashsha) Escaping from a
bladder or leathern bag (wind). Abating (a swelling or inflam
mation). Being slothful in the performance of any business.
A La" infis, (v11 of ga) Being separated (as flesh from the
bone). Being set at liberty.
A 2-a" inistid, (v11 of xas) Flowing. Having leaves burst
ing from the pods (a tree).
A Ja infisas, (v11 of U23 fassa) Separation, division.
A {\a' infist, (vii of 8-ai) Being brought forth.
A Jal infisl, (vii of J-3) Departing, going forth. Re
tiring. Settling. Being separated, weaned (from the mother).
Separation, division, rescission. Final adjustment.
A infism, (v11 of -as) Being broken without a separa
tion of the parts. A fracture, rupture. Interruption. r^\a)
J inisam-pazir shudan, To be broken, interrupted.
A gi infizij, (v11 of **) Having the roots of the hair
moist with perspiration. Appearing clear (the horizon). Burst
ing (a boil). Leaking (as a leathern bottle). Being open (the
navel). Being weak and languid (business). Becoming very fat.
A cis' inixah, (v11 of *) Being exposed to infamy.
AJ3-i infix, (vii of L fazza) Being broken open (the tigued with travelling.
seal of a letter). Being separated, scattered, dispersed (flocks)." J) Sounding (as an
Aja" initr, (v11 of ag) Being cleft, riven. A fissure.
A Ja infitsh, (v11 of J) Being broken (as wood),
especially when green or wet. -
A *a' initm, (v11 of Alas) Being prohibited. Being wary.
A-lis' anitina, A wild rose.
A s anfat, More or most useful, convenient.
A Jal intal, (v11 of Ja) Being feasible. Being wrought.
"enting a lie. Affliction, grief. Shame, ignominy.
"Jy 5- J' inigal khrdan, To blush, to be ashamed.
AJ& inighar, (vii of A3) Opening (the mouth). Expand
ing (a flower).
***l anaghdah (or **l anukdah), Liquid gold or silver.
A j inftkk, (v11 of G3 fakka) Being disjoined, separated.
*y -e);i anakn-i rumi, A species of inodorous rose.
* G! inikk, (vii of t fakka) Being put out of joint.
**"infilt, (vii of -'s) Being set at liberty.
***"inilie, (vii of * 3) Being cut, cleft asunder.
A J" infilak, (v11 of G3) Being split, shivered.
A Jl infilal, (v11 of L3 falla) Being notched (a sword).
** anfanj, Glue.
191 c)
P zz anfj, or unfj, Contracted, wrinkled. -
A F inftham, (v11 of **) Apprehension. Comprehension.
J' inftyk, (v11 of 533) Being broken (notch of an arrow).
A
A clank, (from G') Rejoicing. Liking, being pleased with.
A \l ank, (A man) having slender finger-bones. (pl. of t
nak) Heaps of sand. (pl. of nik) The bones of the arms.
Ink, (iv of J) Choosing, selecting. Becoming fat (cattle).
Having bones full of marrow. Being full of flour (wheat).
A -l) ankb, The ears. (pl. of - nukb) Scabs. Inkab,
(1v of -53) Having broken, worn, or tender feet (camels).
Being torn (a boot). Running from country to country, seeking
for a place of refuge. Enquiring (news).
A cs' inkh, (1v of *) Extracting marrow (from a bone).
Lopping off a branch, or cutting down a palm-tree at the root.
Selling the embossings of a sword and other ornaments, on ac
count of the scarcity of provisions.
A cl inkd, (1v of A) Shooting forth leaves (a tree).
A S inkz, (1v of &) Setting at liberty, dividing or sepa
rating one thing from another. Pulling out of a ditch.
Aj." inkr, (iv of ) Sparing, abstaining from. Letting go.
Aj" inks, (iv of j) Killing (an enemy), giving a signal to
put him to death. Having cattle of the worst kind called nakas.
A J-l ankas, (pl. of U.S. niks) Writing-inks.
A J' inkash, (iv of Li) Pressing, prosecuting (a debtor).
Eating great numbers of ripe dates. Being powerful in venery.
A J-k' inks, (iv of La) Diminishing. Injuring.
A Jets' anks, (pl. of L nik) (Camels) emaciated and fa
Hilly unequal grounds. Inkaz, (1v of
instrument, echo, or any thing inani
mate). Calling (goats). Stroking (a horse). Pulling the fin
gers till the joints crack. (A sack) galling (the back of a beast
of burthen). The cry of a young camel's colt: (when full
grown this sound is then called 2AS hadir and 35; karkarat).
A &\ inki, (1v of S-9) Macerating or dissolving (a medi
cine in water) and applying it. Diluting (wine with water).
Killing (an enemy). Raising the voice and making a continued
noise, hallooing. Satisfying thirst (with water). Slaughtering
(a camel on account of the arrival of strangers). Deflowering
a virgin. Injuring or privately hatching mischief (against ano
ther). Filliping the nose (of another). Turning a house topsy
turvy. Burying (the dead). Stagnating in the body and becom
ing yellow (water).
A s ink, (iv of -) Cutting or splitting an apple, and
taking off the rind and core. Giving a bone (in order to have the
marrow extracted). Filling (a valley) with eggs (locusts).
A Jl ankal, (pl. of J makl) Clouted, patched (shoes or
clothes). Inkl, (iv of J) Mending clothes by patching.
A sl inkh, (1v of &) Restoring to health.
A J" inkibs, (vii of J-) Being seized, grasped in the
hand, drawn in, contracted. Drawing together its wings to fly
 G) 192
faster (a bird). Confining one's self in a narrow space. Contract
ing the brow. Detention, retention, impediment (in speech).
A inkibt, (v11 of 8-3) Drawing up his yard into its
sheath (a horse). Settling in its nest (a bird).
A&T Anikat, Name of a place.
A J) inkitl, (vii of J-3) Being slain. t) ankat, (A beverage) which effectually quenches the
A Jus inkihal, (v11 of J) Having the skin shrivelled up
thirst. Ankut, (pl. of 85 nake) Stagnant waters. Slaughters.
(an old man). Being full of years.
A. **) inkiham, (v11 of ~s) Being thrown headlong. Be
ing forced into a river (a horse). Rushing into any thing with
precipitation.
A * ankakh, (An ostrich) having little brain.
A \,\ ankad, More or most prepared. A hedge-hog, c
& J.J. He led a sleepless night (he passed the night like a
hedge-hog, as that animal, it is said, does not sleep during the
night). A' al ankad (&) or ex'), A tortoise.
A ex" inkidad, (v11 of 33 kadda) Being cut into strips.
Ayles." inkidar, (v11 of 23) Being predestined, decreed.
PJ&t an kadar, (from e and J35) So many, so much.
A. C) inkisam, (v11 of 233) Hastening, making speed.
A Jj inkirz, (v11 of Ji, ) Being cut or gnawed asunder.
Becoming extinct, consumed, spent. Consummation, end, ac
- complishment. J) J" The end or consummation of time.
A. &\ inkirt, (v11 of &A) Casting lots. Choosing. Be
ing chosen.
A 5,5) ankirat, (pl. of nakir) Ditches, trenches. Name of
a town in Galatia (Ancyra). Name of a place near Kufa.
c \ge;" ankardy, ('Avango) A kind of Indian fruit.
P ankiridiya (be **"), A sigh, a sob.
2 or
A J- ankas, A bondman, born of a female slave.
A v ankus, (pl. of U.S. niks) Writing-inks.
A -l inkisam, (v11 of -) Being divided into parts.
A_\t inkishr, (VII of j) Being barked, peeled.
A. &\t inkishat, (v11 of s-3) Being uncovered, detected,
dispelled (a cloud). Being dispersed (an assemblage of people).
A La) ankas, More or most deficient.
a cail inkisad, (v11 of ~3) Being broken, cleft.
A juak, inkis, (v11 of 3) Being broken to pieces.
Being jostled, carried forward in a crowd. Retreat, flight.
A Ja inkisil, (v11 of J-3) Being cut.
A cas) inkisam, (VII of re) Being broken, so that the parts
become separated.
A Li l inkiza, (v11 of -) Being finished, accomplished,
fulfilled, terminated, determined, elapsed. Expiration of a term.
A cli inkiso, (v11 of -ii) Being cut off, separated.
Falling from its orbit (a star). Being unbroke (a camel).
A Jli inkisz, (v11 of v33 kazza) Pouncing on its prey
(a hawk). Charging the enemy (horsemen). Tumbling down
(a wall). Falling (a star),
A. &\i inkix, (v11 of 8-33) Removing from one's kindred.
&
A ; ii) inkis, (v11 of -i-ii) Being put in motion and
scattered about (sand).
A &\la' inkitt, (v11 of 8-las) Being broken, cutoff, detached.
Rupture, separation, disjunction. Cessation.
G ex} inkitriyun, ("Haswrgoy) Amber.
A
A xi;) inkizas, (v11 of --~3) Falling in ruins (a wall).
A_\xi,\ inkigar, (v11 of 23) Being eradicated (a tree).
A s inkiei, (v11 of -xi) Being dilapidated (a wall).
A & ankieat, (pl. of 83; nakie) Wells filled with water.
A J" inkifal, (v11 of J) Being bolted, locked (a door).
A \linkil, A kind of Syrian date.
A -l\inkilb, (v11 of ~13) Being turned. Being wounded
in the heart ( kalb). Revolution, vicissitude, change, turn.
Jj ,-\,\ inkilb-i zamn, The vicissitudes of time.
A. & inkilt, (v11 of 8-13)
Being pulled up, torn out.
r & ankulah, A kind of China-ginger; also an African plant,
which is an antidote against poisons. Name of a city in Nubia.
r" inkaliy, Melilot, bugloss.
A c inkimah, (v11 of 2") Raising the head when refusing
to drink (a camel).
A J-k' inkimas, (v11 of U-43) Being plunged into water.
Setting (a star).
A ***) inkim, (v11 of 83) Being humbled, brought into
subjection. Entering into a house in a clandestine manner.
P z:) ankj, A forehead wrinkled through age or anger.
Ajs) unkur, A small furrow in the stone of a date, from
whence it germinates.
A&=;" unkkat, Any place into which water flows from a
canal, &c. A furrow or hollow made in the top of a pudding,
into which they pour fat, butter, or any other sauce.
A &;" unkuat, That which a woman takes from off the spin
dle when her work is finished.
A e anikun, A fetid rose, whose root has a caustic quality,
a kind of bastard pellitory, pyrethrum.
A_\s inkihr, (v11 of,33) Being defeated, subdued.
A C) inkihl, (v11 of J) Falling down through weakness.
A \) ankiy, (pl. of Jj nakiy) Clean, pure.
A -) inkiyb, (vii of -5) Being dug, excavated. Being
burst (as an egg by the bird).
A e) inkiyd, (v11 of e;) Being led. Being steep, having
a great declivity. Submission, obedience, subjection.
A_\" inkiyr, (v11 of 953) Falling down. Inclining.
A Je inkiys, (v11 of Ja:3) Falling in (a well).
A J inkiyz, (v11 of Lj) Being overthrown. Being
cracked but without a separation of the parts. Being broken
(an egg), smashed (a pane of glass).
A Jij" inkiz, A sweet-smelling aromatic.
r & KT nka (for 437 nkeh), He who. That which.
 c:3)
r inak (for t inak), Behold lo! A pimple,
r 37 anik, A bee. A sigh, a sob.
p. 3 ank, An earthen-pipe for conveying water,
A t anuk (or :37 anuk), Lead, Tin,
4 'Glanks, (equivalent to ~3) Untwisted (rope),
: A c inkah, (Iw of) Marrying, taking a wife,
A 33' ankd, (pl. of 33 nakd) Awaricious (men).
AJ3 unkar, (pl. of K, nukr) Disagreeable, inconvenient
(things), (pl. of K, nakir), Ingenious, intelligent. Ignorant of
what is sinful and forbidden. Inkar, (1 y of K)
Denying, dis
avowing, Disapproving, rejecting; taking in bad part, brook
*.
jug ill, Putting no confidence in another, Displacency, disgust,
Aj%' inks, (is of;3) Emptying (a well).
Av anks, (pl. of v niks) Weak, imbecile. Those
who cannot rise to any thing honourable, (Arrows) broken at
the notches, (Spears) broken near the root so that the lower
points are used as well as the heads, Bows, arrows, &c. inversely
and preposterously formed, Preposterous births, Inks, (iv
of v) Turning upside down,
Ak'G' inks, (iv of 33) Ordering to make haste,
A & ink8, (y of t) Removing quickly, Repelling,
Withdrawing (from anything), Being wearied, Fatiguing,
Being difficult, embarrassed, embroiled (any business),
a -33 inh, (iv of -3) setting (any one) at liberty, Re.
tuoving (from a man) whatever is disagreeable (to him),
A Jl ankl, (pl. of J3 niht), Fetters, chains, Inkl, (iy
of J) Driving, chasing away,
a -9'ankah, (A gamel) slip-shouldered, having a pain in
the shoulder which causes him to belt, and lean to one side, (A
man) unarmed, wanting a bow,
A --G' inkihb, (vii of ~$ kabba) Cutting meat into small
slices and roasting it on skewers, Throwing prostrate,
*Js' Inkitr or Angitr, An Englishman, This is the name
which the Arabian historians of the Crusades have given to
Hichard Cur de Lion king of England, famous among them for
his heroic achievements, but particularly on account of the truce
for which the great Salhu'd din was obliged to sue, One of the
articles of this treaty was a marriage between Malikul Aadil,
hrother to Salhu'd din, and the Queen of Sicily, sister to
Richard; which however did not take place, the bishops of Eng
, land insisting that the Saragen prince should become a Christian,
which could not be complied with,
A J.G. inkital, (v11 of J) Passing by,
**inkisb, (vii of -) Being gathered into a heap
(and), (One thing) being poured, or put into, another.
*** ankihat, (pl. of c nikh) Marriages, *** .9;is
:
**i unkihai, Marriage-contracts.
.*
4.4% ankad, Avaricious, covetous, Worse, wiler,
A 23 inkidar, (v11 of A$) Hastening, Being poured gut,
r
-
sng (a slar), Rushing impoulously against any one,
193 c:3)
exi ankar (or 3 angar), An anchor.
A K" ankar, More or most wicked, offensive, displeasing.
A J-9 inkirs, (v11 of L-A) Falling flat. Entering into
(any place) in a stooping posture.
A r;3 inkirm, (v11 of *A) Being honoured, ennobled.
s;3 ankuj, (#53D An instrument for guiding elephants,
rv-97 n kas, He, that person.
A 2'-3" inkisd, (v11 of A-5) Flocking together (sheep).
A_\-3" inkisr, (v11 of ,-3) Being broken. Being routed,
put to flight. Contrition, despondency, loss of courage, despair.
J A&J'-3" inkisr-pasir shudan, To be broken, defeated.
a -3'-9" inkis, (vii of -i-S) Being eclipsed (the sun).
A c-3' inkishah, (v11 of **) Being separated, dispersed.
Ak.3" inkisht, (vii of a-S) Being hushed (fears).
A Glinkishf, (vii of -s) Being detected. Lying
open. re ..s G' inkishf-i tuyub, Detection of vices,
r 2.3" ankisht, Coal,
e J G' ankushtl, Ailing, sickly, infirm.
P |-3) ankishtic, Bread baked upon the coals.
As ankaz, Ruddy. Having an excoriated reddish nose.
A U.G" inkifa-a, (v11 of (3) Being turned. Returning.
A 3' inkit, (v11 of $) Being diverted from any de
sign, Being drawn together, Wishing to take the whole (of a
person's property). Leanness,
A. L-3' Ankias, (v11 of U-4) Being bent, distorted.
A inkii, (vii of is kaffa), Retiring, departing.
* Jankal, A button-hole. A boorish, clownish fellow,
A G' inkilt, (vii of 43) Being poured (into a vessel).
Being drawn together, A draught,
a c- inkils, (vii of -s) Preceding, taking the lead.
Being superior to, Appearing before (a judge or other person).
Boldness, eourage, strength of mind,
A J.3% inkilal, (v11 of J$ kalla) Smiling, shewing the teeth -
The transparent splendour of a thunder cloud,
rv-'9' ankais, An eel,
A L inkimsh, (v11 of L-3) Haste, speed, dispatch,
P & 3" ankamah, The inverted thorn,
A & inkins, (vii of t) Being drawn together, Being
favourably inclined, Approaching, setting in (night).
P J% ankul, A button-hole. Rude, unpolished,
P &T ankeh, He whe, that which,
r & ankah, A wet-nurse,
- A 2'-3' inkiyd, (v11 of **) Being on the point of, wanting
but little (of accomplishing), Being scarcely able (to effect). -
-
A ji inkiy, (v11 of -5.3) Being cut off, separated,
A J inkiyal, (v11 of J) Attacking one another furiously
with blows and revilings,
P v inkis, A species of sand used in geomancy,
3 G -
 <\
re-3) ankisian, Name of a bird that changes its colour as
often as it plunges into the water.
r cl ang, An aqueduct, an earthen pipe. s Anga, GTT)
Name of a country in Hindustn.
Pj angr, Estimating, valuing. A painter. An account
book, a cash-book. An opinion, reason. A fable, romance, fic
tion. An event, accident, transaction. A crisis, an emergency.
Glue. A weaver's comb.
* J9%) angarish, Numeration, computation. A book of re
ceipt and disbursement, a cash-book. See also the following.
ry) angrah, A revenue-book. A narrative of facts or
accidents, a journal. A cucumber, a melon. Incomplete.
P e angaridan (or e angrdan), To think, esti
mate, compute, suppose. To paint, carve, engrave, figure,
draw a picture, make a sculpture. To extend, stretch out, or
move the hand towards any thing.
P enj angarin, Computation. A cash-book. A narrative.
rj angz (or 3) angjah), A weaver's comb.
P ..... ) angshtan, To know, think, consider, suppose.
P 2.3
angam (equivalent to cs
hangm), Time, season.
r & 3" angmah, A crowd. A company of actors.
r (37 in gah (or &T), Then, at that time. Afterwards.
rest an ghi, of that time. Then.
P J anguban, Name of a certain root.
P J angubzn, Honey. y Jj ***) angubin-i sh?-
rin-guwar, Honey sweet and easily digested. Angubin is
frequently given as a proper name, especially to black slaves.
P <! angubinah, The principle or foundation of any thing
good, great, or agreeable. Greatness, dignity. Sweet-meats
made with honey or dates.
P.+ 3. angikhtan, To excite, produce, create. To cover all
over. To overwhelm. See also J angekhtan.
r_<! angadar, A sort of gum-bearing tree.
rela angudan, Assafoetida. Mace. A satyr.
rej angarn, Assa dulcis, or assafoetida.
Ps angardah, A single grape, a berry.
P93) angurak (for %) angrak), A little grape.
rl angaru (or angarica), A sheep-cote, a fold.
TJj Angarits, Hungary.
Fj.3) Angriz or Ingrz, The English (adopted in Hindustn
from the Portuguese). Aj J kampan? angris, The En
glish East-India Company. 3A) Angrizi, An Englishman.
P angariz7, Tarragon, a kind of herb.
P:3) angij, Pix axillarum. Anguj, A spade, a hoe.
P 3:3) angijad (or 8:3) angajah), Assafoetida.
P angjica, A sheep-cote.
A sheep. A fruit-stone.
r 3 angisa, Assafoetida.
P c- angasian, A changing-coloured cloth.
Shot silk.
194 c
P J-3 ingishal, Name of a disease.
P <! angashpah (or <! angashbah), Magnificence, ex
alted dignity. A countryman. A sower. An opulent farmer, a
capitalist. Angishpah, A pregnant woman.
* <! angusht, A finger. Je's. <! To be
amazed, astonished. To grieve. Je c--2 <! To ac
cept, to approve. ej 3,-2 <& To blame, censure,
criticise. J Je, <! (or Je <!) To put the
finger on the mouth (an Eastern manner of expressing surprise);
which motion of the finger is called :- .<!, The finger
of astonishment. &- ~9) The ring-finger. <!
e- To grieve, be sorry, repent. j99 .<), (~&
cr-v or &\-- ~<!), The long or middle finger. )
*** The fore-finger. <><\. ~<!, (or << )
The fore-finger, the index, the finger of testimony or profession
(because the Muhammadans hold it up when they make a pro
fession of their religion). Jej ) To snap the fingers in
joy. %- ~" The thumb. * ~<! Membrum
virile. U-2,- ~. A kind of sweetmeat. A grape. <!
e- To efface, obliterate. Jz --~3) Sweet basil.
K-5 ~~) or e-.<! The little finger. , ~&
(or <\), The thumb. The great toe ej < To cen
sure.es J --& To abandon any business. Ignominy.
Poverty. ~~ * A toe, (the finger of the foot).
* <! angisht, (equivalent to --~9) ankisht) Charcoal.
* J'angishtal, Weak, lean, sickly, ailing.
Pc angushtan, A finger.
r &&. angushtnah, A ring worn on the thumb. A thimble.
P % <! angusht-burak, A mole whose flesh is poisonous.
P e)- ~<! angusht-dn, A thimble.
P sa angushtari, A ring worn on the finger.
P . **) angushtarin (or *><\), A ring. A thimble.
*V. G. & angusht-nama, A pointing-stock. Famous.
* --~" angishtak (or ses.<\) Assafoetida.
* <! angushtnah, A thimble.
r;" angushtu, Anointed. A pancake fried in oil.
P 5-3' angishtwa, Bread baked on the coals.
p <\;<\ angushtwanah, A ring worn upon the thumb by
those who dart the javelin, for the protection of the nerve. A
thimble.2%. High, sublime. - - -
F & 3" angushtah, Magnificence, exalted dignity. A fork,
a corn, hay, or dung-fork, a trident. The thumb.
P <! angush?nah, High, sublime.
P J angal, A button-hole. A clownish, boorish man,
E J Ingilish, English.
P c angalgawn, Amiable qualities. (Burhn-i ktit).
r Ingiland, England.
2
P 22:43) angalandu, A sort of child's plaything.
P<!3) angulah, A button, a button-hole. Marrow. A boor.
2. 2.
- -
rj Ingillz, England. An Englishman. See j Ingrez.
 <\
p 4.1% angilinah, The herb angelica, or imperial.
G w angiliyun, (Eayyexiov) The gospel.
PU}: i' angilyan, A robe. Silk of a changing colour, or of
various colours. A species of brocade, so named, because the
Christians of the East generally kept the Evangelists carefully
wrapped up in a rich stuff of this kind. Flowers of different hues.
re anganidan (or c), To fill, to cram, to stuff.
r; angu (or J anguican), Assa dulcis, or assafoetida,
sylphium, laserpitium. A demon, supposed to be of the human
shape, but to hop about upon one foot.
rmgiri, (in ancient Persian) Endive.
re angiitin, (in ancient Persian) The mountain-ox.
rj angr (or **). A grape, raisin. Granulations in a
healing sore. *y 2% (or \. v) Fox-grapes, nightshade.
j 2% A species of black grape, in shape like an olive.
P J% angrn, (J angurn) A kind of herb.
rl angrak, A little grape. --- ~3% angrak-i
chashm, The pupil of the eye.
**): Anguriyah, The city of Ancyra, in Asia Minor.
p9: angzah (or 55% angjah), Assafoetida.
re." angoshidan, To embrace. - Js' inmash, Calumny, slander.
P J angl (4:3) angulah or j angn), A trifling
fellow, a lounger, a vagabond. Angl, A button-hole, a loop.
r& in gah (s or J), Then. Afterwards. Con
tinually. At the same time. Immediately, by and by. At
length. & <79 Until the time that, till which or when.
re angiyn, Name of an herb from whence they extract
gum, a kind of pellitory or master-wort, Benzoin or Benjamin,
laserpitium; also, an herb, with large leaves and a yellowish root,
which they eat with cream or sour milk.
p J-4 angban, Name of a root which bears a prickly plant.
re- angbun, Silk of different colours; variegated silk.
re-s angekhtan, To excite, rouse; to instigate, provoke.
To create, to produce. To extract. To publish.
r & angkhtah, Excited. Produced. An image, a statue.
"e". angidan (or e-T), To fill, to cram. To seize.
angir, A grape.
-
anges, (from eas) Exciting. Beautiful, pleasant.
Purpose, intention. A coal. A meeting of people, in order to
ig or dispute. 2% - s khajlat-angz, Raising blushes.
2. Jss khakn-angz, Causing a palpitation. j Js
khulis-angz, Promoting sincerity. 23) c) Us"- sat y-i
*gs, An endeavour producing salvation, a salutary ef
fort. 3) <!!. sulmat-angs, Causing darkness. 2%) re
{ibrat-angs, Exciting wonder. J & itnat-ange-, Raising
a tumult. 2%) <<! A. nasr-i iltfat angz, A countenance
*"g or commanding respect.
*}<! angezndan (or U. *}<! angzndan), (The
causal form of J-s ore Aj'), To cause to excite. To erect
(**atue). To revive (an agreement), renew (a confederacy).
195
P s angzah, A cause, a motive, an occasion.
P Jj angzzdan. See eas angkhtan.
P J& ingish, Sand used amongst the Arabs in geomancy.
P <! angishpah (<! angishah or <! angishih),
Modestly, moderately, slowly, by degrees.
P J angil (or 4.3), A loop, a button-hole. A button.
P c- angyn, A piece of variegated silk.
A * anamm, More calumnious. A greater tell-tale.
A L! inm, (1v of J) Increasing. Causing to increase.
Wounding (an animal, who instantly flees, hides itself, and dies).
A L" innam, For. Surely. Only. Surely not; as e--! Ll
evl S. Surely (it is) not a favour, unless (it is) complete.
A L animma, (pl. of r namm) Slanderers, whisperers, tale
bearers. (pl. of & namimat) Whisperings, calumnies, de
famations. Sounds made by the pen upon paper in writing.
r_j\ Anmar, Name of a city. Name of a tribe.
Aju." anmr, (pl. of 23 namir) Pards, male panthers. Lines
on the feet of wild oxen. Inmr, (1v of 23) Finding sweet and
wholesome water.
Ls' inmas, (iv of U-J) Sowing dissensions. Concealment.
A
A
A Je inmas, (1v of L243) Budding, sprouting. -
Ak" anmt, (pl. of La namat) Coverings, blankets, sheets,
coverlets, housings, saddle-cloths. Wicker-baskets, band-boxes,
or such things, where women put their work, limens, &c. So
cieties, companies, clubs of men. Sorts, kinds. Reasons, man
ners, modes of acting.
A Js' inmk, (1v of G) Bearing stoneless dates (a palm).
A J" inml, (1v of J.J) Slandering privately.
Azus" inmjj, (v11 of majja) Leaping. Flowing freely
from the pen (ink).
A Us" inmih, (v11 of Js") Being erased, obliterated.
A J-Us" inmihs, (v11 of Last") Coming to pass. Being
elapsed. Being allayed, assuaged (a swelling).
A Js inmihk (also J's." immihk), (v11 of Cs) De
priving of a blessing. Perishing, vanishing.
A2." anmar, Spotted. Anmur, (pl. of a namir) Panthers.
A ky immirat ork," immirat, (v11 ofrs) Falling off (hair).
A &\,,' inmirt, (v11 of & r) Journeying, travelling.
A v-s) anmas, Brown, tawny.
A&aa'anmisat, (pl. of Je nums), Months. -
Aj M.J.) inmilz, (v11 of 3...) Escaping from, getting clear of:
A J-k inmilas (or U-14 immilas), (v11 of J.J.) Escaping,
obtaining deliverance. Being deprived of sight.
A Je inmilas (or Je." immils), (v11 of J.A.) Slipping
out of the hand from lubricity. Miscarrying (a woman).
A clas' inmilat, (v11 of sl) Travelling quick (a she-camel).
A J inmilak (or J..." immilk), (v11 of Gle) Being light
and easy. Escaping, fleeing away.
2 C 2
 3)
A J" inmill, (v11 of J. matla) Snatching, stealing. Fall
ing, or dropping out from the midst.
A & C" anmilat, The tip of the finger. A finger.
P z) unmudaj (or z) (for zer sex." or &;43), A
2
sample, a specimen, a model, an exemplar.
A J inmihll, (1v of J&J Q) Rectitude. Uprightness.
Moderation, temperature. Quietness, remissness, languor. Ful
ness of stature.
A J unmiy, A sack, cushion, or pillow, stuffed with chaff.
A <--~" inmiys, (v11 of rc) Being mixed, diluted.
Ajs) inmiyz, (v11 of jc) Being separated, distinguished.
A **) inmiyat, (v11 of S-v) Being melted (fat).
A c" inmiyk, (v11 of Je) Perishing.
A c unun, Name of a bird resembling a pigeon, but black.
A U-'annans, (AMBoxNA, anassa) A pine-apple.
P & anand. See A) and.
r & annah, Any number from three to ten.
A}) (tn (3) any or iny), Time. A portion of time, as an
hour, or a watch of the night.
A\}'' anica, (pl. of -s; naica') Date-stones. Inicii, (iv of -)
Throwing away (the stones of dates). Performing, completing
(any business). Travelling to distant countries, retiring to a dis
tance, making distant journies. Being over-fat (a camel).
A anwa-a, One skilled in the science of the stars.
A \,\ anic-a, (pl. of s maic-a) Certain stars in the 28th
mansion of the moon.
A c anwah, (pl.of- mayihat) Weeping,wailing (women).
A_\;\ anizr, (pl. of j nar) Fires. (pl. of 23; nr) Lights.
Splendours. Flowers. Anwar is the title of many books, as,
Antcarul bahiyah, The shining lights; Anwarus satadat, The
lights of felicity; Anwarul takl, The lights of the understand
ing; Anwr Suhayl. Kshf, The lights of the star Canopus,
by Kashiff, which is an elegant translation, or paraphrase, of
Pilpays fables, written originally in the Sanskrit language, and
formerly translated into the old Persian or Pahlavi language,
under the title of IIumyn-nmah, The august book. The
Sanskrit name is II it padsa, under which title there is now an
English translation made immediately from that language. In
war, (1v of 93) Being beautiful, shining, clear, conspicuous.
A Anwr, Name of a famous Persian poet, who died
about the year 1200.
A J-y! Al anvas, Name of a place.
A J anwz, (pl. of J; maics liigher grounds. Places Certainly, indeed, surely yes.
from whence waters flow.
Ak';) anwt, (pl. ofk; nawt) Things suspended or pendulous.
Parcels hung or placed between the two larger trusses or loads
carried on each side by a camel or other beast of burthen. The
interstices between the hips of animals. 'Szt anwt, transmitting.
Name of a tree.
196 <3)
A. 8'," anwt, (pl. of 8 naive) Sorts, kinds, species, varie.
ties. Wavs.3 means.
A s';" anica; (pl. of - nat) Carnels' bunches (espe
cially of the larger kind). Sounds, cries (of the hyena).
A J); anical, (pl. of JG nl) Liberal men. (pl. of J; nawl)
Weavers' beams. Modes, ways.
A r;" anicam, (pl. of *: narcm) Dreams, sleeps.
A el;" anten, (pl. of ex nin) Fishes. Swords, resembling
fish. Ink-horns.
p unupa, Bugloss. Endive. Name of certain idolaters.
A c;" anih, (A horse) making a snorting noise whilst he runs.
Unith, (from c') Sighing, breathing hard. One who sighs
grievously when any thing is asked from him. A miser.
Ax' anwar, More or most bright, luminous, resplendent.
Flourishing. Beautiful. Anicur, (pl. of 29 nar), Fires, flames.
P anurasma, A hemorrhage.
A Jy" ands, Familiar. Tame (as a dog who does not bite).
P J Anosh, (ii Ed. ils) Enos the son of Seth.
P anosha, Name of a certain sect. Joy, mirth. Equality,
P & anizshah, Fortunate, happy, blessed, prosperous, desir
able. Goodness. Wine. Hail! welcome! God bless you!
A &le;) anwitat, (pl. of k niyt) Hooks. The heart-strings.
A 57 ni, (pl. of ~&" an) Noses.
A ; ana, (A woman) breathing through her nose an
agreeable perfume. Modest, bashful, attentive to reputation,
avoiding every thing bad.
P J; anik, A kind of bird of prey.
A J;" an icuk (J 2 J- , or J."), (pl. of& 39 nakat) Camels.
A anteam, Sleepy, somnolent, much inclined to sleep.
G anumiya, ("Ayudyn.) The anemone.
p >" anicah, Hoping.
A **) unah, (from &") Breathing hard.
P *:::" anity?d, A wailing, a lamentation.
Pej aniidan, To weep, to lament, to sigh.
A &" anh, (from &") Breathing hard.
r & anah, A particle, which, when added to substantives,
gives them an adverbial signification, as a c" itiak, Union.
P & G! ittifakanah, Unanimously.
A & anih, Envious.
A & unnah, Breathing hard. Those who sigh when any thing
is asked of them. Misers.
A & annahu, Because that. Since, for as much as Innah,
P \;7 anha, (pl. of e n) They.
A \ anh, (pl. of s nahy or nihy) Ditches, pools, trenches,
puddles, (pl. of 3: nahuww.) Extremely prudent, intelligent.
Inh, (iv of J) Causing to arrive. Bringing, conveying:
Announcing, certifying. Publication, advertise
ment. Coming to a pool.
 a) 197 - J
--

A **) inha-a, (1v of ) Not dressing meat sufficiently, leav
ing it half-raw.
A -\l inhb, (iv of -) Giving up as prey.
Az inhij, (iv of * ) Following the road. Showing the
the way. Being clear, open, patent (a road). Proceeding (on
the way). Wearing out (a garment). Being worn out. Causing
to breathe quick whilst riding (a horse). Oppressing, afflicting.
A cl" inhd, (1v of y Extolling, magnifying (a present).
Filling (a cup, or lake) three parts full.
A_\l anhr, (pl. of, nahr) Rivers. Inhr, (1v of ) Dig
ging till you find water. Making (blood) to flow. Flowing pro
fusely from the vein, so as not to be stopped. Widening, en
larging, making a deep wound. Being, happening, or doing
any thing in the day-time. Becoming fat (a woman). Slacking
speed (a horse). Delaying, hesitating. Acquiring nothing good.
AJ3; inhz, (iv of J) Exciting, rousing, or calling out.
Beginning to fill, or swell (a bladder).
A t inhk, (iv of ) Being severely punished or tor
mented. Weakening, emaciating.
A J inhal, A tomb, sepulchre, tumulus, grave. A high
hill of sand, part of which is continually rolling down. Extreme
liberality. (1v of J) Satisfying the thirst of another, causing
one to drink the first draught. Having camels plentifully wa
tered. Exciting anger.
A J24 inhibs, (vii of Las) Laughing immoderately.
Ak" inhibit, (vii of lars) Falling, lowering. Depression.
A stl inhibik, (vii of ~) Yielding, giving way be
neath the feet (ground).
A st inhitak, (v11 of ) Being torn, rent (a curtain).
Being deflowered, ravished (a virgin).
A Js inhijs, (v11 of U-s) Being repulsed, driven away
(a stick). Being pressed inwards (an apple, wax, &c.). Being
routed, put to flight. Fleeing away. A defeat, discomfiture,
overthrow, p c- j inhizm shudan, To be defeated.
A *\t inhisham, (v11 of **) Being broken (anything not
solid, as the skull, the nose, a bone, or an egg).
Ajka; inhisar, (v11 of ras) Being driven away, repelled.
A L anhuz, (pl. of vig nah?) Those parts in camels be
tween the shoulders and legs, or between the shoulders and loins.
A Jli inhizz, (v11 of L hazza) Being broken to pieces.
A inhisam, (v11 of .38) Being well digested, concocted.
A l inhift, (v11 of is) Being depressed, lowered.
A & inhikt, (v11 of 8-5A) Hungering. Falling in (the
belly).
a clinhikk,(v11 of hakka) Being bruised, pounded.
Being overcome with wine. Being relaxed about the hips (a
lying-in woman). Lying close to the ground (a camel).
A -l" inhilt, (vii of ~!s) Stealing away privately. Re
moving to a distance.
A t inhilak, (vii of +4s) Precipitating one's self into
danger, exposing one's life to destruction.
A J inhilal, (v11 of JA halla) Pouring with vehemence
(rain). Shedding plentifully (tears).
A c J inhal talana, Let that suffice for you at present.
A "*" inhima-a, (v11 of us) Being worn out (a garment).
Aj inhimar, (v11 of P) Being poured out (water). Flow
ing. Falling down. Being stripped of its leaves (a tree).
Aj inhims, (v11 of js) Being marked with hamza (,).
A " inhimk, (vil of cs) Applying diligently.
A "S" inhimakan, (r & Sut inhimknah) Diligently.
A J inhimal, (vii of Jas) Delaying, taking time. Rain
ing gently but incessantly. Overflowing with tears (eyes).

from anything. Abstaining, forbearing.

A ls inhijam, (v11 of -**) Shedding (tears).
A s inhidad, (v11 of AS hadda) Falling down with a crash.
(part of a mountain broken off).
Aj inhidr, (v11 of Jes) Being poured copiously (rain).
A &le;) inhidae, (v11 of ***) Becoming soft (anything dry).
A J inhidal, (v11 of JAS) Hanging loose.
A c" inhimam, (v11 of ~ hamma) Being liquefied (fat).
Drooping from age. Being harassed with care and anxiety.
pl anhb, (in ancient Persian) The planet Jupiter.
Aes;" anhi, (pl. of G nahy or nihy) Ditches, pools, puddles.
A \ inhiy, (v11 of -s) Falling headlong from a height.
Aj' inhiyr, (v11 of 93*) Flowing down (a heap of sand).
A Jr) inhiys, (v11 of Li) Being broken again (a bone).
A &#) inhiyt, (v11 of 8-8) Being poured forth (wine).

Arl' inhidam, (v11 of ***) Being thrown down. Falling Flowing. Spreading, diffusing itself (a mist, a vapour).
"own (a house). Destruction, ruin, overthrow. A J' inhiyal, (v11 of Js) Being poured out, shed (flour).
l : A Jl inhidn, (v11 of JAA) Growing remiss, slackening
Pursuing (him) one after another with invectives and blows.
"he's ardour in the pursuit of any object. A&"inhayshalat, A she-camel borrowed.

Aft" anhar, Clear, serene (day). Anhur, (pl. of Ji nahr) A $1 &nz, Reaching, or attaining to the highest degree. Pa
Rivers, (pl. of j nahr), Days. tient, long suffering (man).
|

A t;" inhiraj, (v11 of &A) Being overcome with wine.

A any or ina', Time, part of time. A proper time. The
Aj. al inhirar, A name given to two stars, because they highest degree (of any thing). Name of a city in Armenia.
Portend much rain. See ';= awica and v-' simk. A. anna', Every where. Whence, from what place : When,

A. inhizt, (v11 of &A) Being bruised, brayed, broken.

as long as. How Howsoever. Inni, Indeed, surely, or since I.
A inhisam, (v11 of A) Being broken with a loud crack
A - anyb, (pl. of - no) Canine teeth. Chieftains.
 198 \,)
A_\,\ anyr, (pl. of J nir) Yokes. J cl 2t anyr, A.J." anik, Beautiful, excellent. Good, charming. Anyuk,
Aged (camels) with some remains of strength. (pl. of &\; nakat) Camels.
A J anyk, (pl. of G nik) Satisfactions. Inyak, (1v of A cl anim, Men, creatures.
J5) Giving pleasure, affording satisfaction. P er' anin, A churn. A churning stick.
A " anyab, Having a large tusk or camine tooth. Anyub, A e- anin, A groan. Pe- 3.3 _5 e- 2 37 ih o anino
(pl. of -u nb) Tusks. Canine teeth. male-i hazin, Sighs, groans, and lamentations,
r" anib (or ) anit), (in ancient Persian) Myrtle. r i aw, (equivalent to 7 ab) Water.
A&T iniyat, (pl. of .V." ina-a) Vessels, vases. (fem, of 37 p > aw, Good fortune. A burden.
ani) Attaining the highest degree; as, &T Je tayn aniyat, A , aw, Whether. Or. Unless. Except. Ere.
A fountain of the hottest water. r; 3, He, she, it; ;) -- kitb-i 5, His book. ex: 8 , ,
A c-" anit, A sigh. Envy. The object of envy. Bluntness. --> - murgh-i in anjir nist, He is no bird for this fig;
a - anis, Soft iron. i.e. it is not bread for his teeth; it is not for him.
A & anisat, Ground fruitful in produce. P!,7 w, (for T b) With.
A. t anih (from c"), Breathing hard. p' awa, A voice, sound, echo, rumour, clamour. Fame.
Ar" anyar, More or most clear, apparent. A nightingale. Food. Frumenty. $7 ~&# gosht-awa, A
r_ anir, A bad temper or disposition. kind of dish made of minced or hashed meat. l t barinj
Pey." Anirn, Name of the 30th day of every solar month awa, Rice-meat, a dish made with rice.
A ..T.' iwa-a, (from ') Repairing to any place, in order to
of the ancient Persian calender; and also of an angel or genius,
who was supposed to have the superintendency of whatever hap dwell there. Taking a house. Adversity.
A ' awab, (pl. of awb) Tracts, districts.
pened upon that day, and also of all marriages. The pagan
Persians celebrated the festivals of this genius with great pomp; A ~, awwab, A sincere penitent. One who praises God.
but the Muhammadan religion having suppressed those ceremo A *'," awahid, (pl. of s.A abidat) Timorous, untained ani
nies, they are now only privately performed in some places by mals. Wild beasts. Perennial (birds), remaining always in the
the Magi, Prsis, or Guebres, the worshippers of fire according same country. A notable calamity. A-". *',
to the system of Zardusht. Favours are fleeting; secure their continuance by gratitude.
rj anij, The plant southernwood. j) *', Celebrated poems flying from mouth to mouth.
P J anis, (equivalent to J anish) A garden. &\al) Rare verses. 23) &", Outlandish forms of speech.
A v anis, A companion, friend, comrade, familiar acquaint A J',' awbil, (pl. of J." iol) Camels.
ance, of the same temper, disposition, or genius. \ie" U--" P z awkh, Ah! alas! A share, a portion.
The eye. Any object of desire. Je's Vc No one at home. AA, awakhir, (pl. of 5,47 akhirat and 2- akhir) Ex
P J- ansn, Ajest, a joke, drollery. Raillery, mockery. tremes, ends. The last ten days of the month. (See J.'' awayil
A frivolous story, a specious lie wearing the appearance of truth. and |--|| awasit) Moderns. A-', J &A The phenix of
Opposition, resistance. the ancients and moderns.

A 3-3) anisat, A fire (as being a companion). A J awkh, (pl. of &l akhiyat) Ropes, tethers. Things
F c- anisian, Contrariety, resistance, opposition. necessary to be attended to.
P e's'." awadan, (for Je' bdn) Cultivated. Cheerful.
g c-" anisian, ("Avigov) Anise, aniseed.
A e', arcadim, (pl. of re adam) Browns. Adams, men.
P & Vanisah, Congealed, frozen. Coagulated (blood or ink).
A ess', awazz, (pl. of -53 az7) Waves of the sea.
A c-" unaysiyan, (dim. of e- insan) A little man.
P U-3" anish, A little garden. A vineyard. r_\" awar, (or J), awr) Injustice, iniquity. Calculation,
Quantity, measure. Ruined, depopulated. Failing,
r & anishah, A spy. A flatterer. Sleight. A hook. Con reckoning.
vanishing. A vagrant, outcast. Near, adjacent. A horse-shoe.
gealed, frozen.
A J*) aniz, Spoiled, corrupted in smell (meat). Raw or r), awar, A cash-book. A hall of justice. Iron filings.
half-dressed. The throbbing of the heart, through terror. p_'." utcar, Rent, hire. A cash-book. -

A Al unay&am, Name of a place.
A -i- ani, Pained in the nose, complaining of a broken
nose. That part of a mountain which first produces grass. (A
field) of quick vegetation. Soft iron. Allied, connected by affi
nity. &A i." Unayffare, Name of a place.
r G! anik, Name of a depilatory drug.
Aj'." uicr, Warmth, heat (of the sun, fire, or thirst).
A 8), Uwarat, Name of a mountain and of a well in Arabia.
P<!" awarchah (or 3-5), awrchah), A cash-book, a book
of receipts and disbursements, a diary, journal, or register.
P s awarah, The outside of a garment, the best side of the
is
il
cloth. A tunic without sleeves. A tribunal, a court of justice.
il
A register, a protocol. Computation. Certainty, assuredness.
*

Iron filings. (Warlike) commotions. Oppression, injustice.
Ruin, desolation. An idle, lazy, indolent, slothful fellow, a va
gabond, vagrant, poltron. J.A.'s 9' To be oppressed, injured. court of justice, a tribunal, a senate. A council. A mandate.
c y' To harass. c l To roam, wander. 2 ' T Judgment. Jurisdiction. A villa, a country-seat. A garden
J J%9- To be stupid, and wander about like a fool.
py | uwrah, Heat.
P%. iwrah-gir, A book-keeper, an accountant,
"J;|7 awaragi, Wagrancy, profligacy.
p J awari, Idleness, vagrancy.
A awriy, (pl. of f9) arry or r) Stables, mangers.
Stakes or ropes, to or with which cattle are fastened.
PJA.J awridan, To swallow. To be absolved from an
oath (to swallow it). To wander, stray, stroll. To be lost, ruined.
To fatigue or be fatigued. To bring or cause to bring.
re awarin, A wicked, cruel man.
rj' awaz, A voice, sound, noise, clamour. Fame, rumour,
report. Echo. A whisper. A nightingale, or the bird called
likewise j hazr, Thousand (voices). Jelaj' (Jj or
w) To make a noise, to call out, halloo, invite. e=<'
To become divulged, celebrated, illustrious.
r;', awz, The time during which the sun continues in the
constellation Pisces. With, in the possession of Against. 2 25),
arz-i , With him. ; j', awz-i t, With thee.
P 5' awazah, Voice, sound. Fame, rumour, echo. A whis
per. Festivity, rejoicing, the decoration of a city when a prince
makes a public entry. The confused murmur of a multitude.
A court of justice; also a judgment given there. A note in music.
r awazi, With. CAstELLUs.
re aiczidan, To cry out, to make a noise, to vocife
rate, to make loud acclamations, to halloo, to huzza.
AA-, awsit, (pl. of laz, wasit) Middles, centres. The ten
middle days of a month. See J.'' awayil, and A-, awakhir.
Au- awasi, (pl. of J-7 asy) Physicians. Surgeons.
A2; airsir, (pl. of 5,27 asirat) Benevolent affections.
Whatever qualities render one person agreeable to another.
A *} awdzih, Clear moonshine nights. See L biz.
Ave.) awtis, (pl. of u- awaas) Soft, sandy (grounds,
plains, or hills, such especially as produce abundance of those
Pol-herbs which they eat raw).
A3, awk, (pl. of 3.3, ukiyat) Ounces.
A J. iwal (and J iyal), (from J.') Returning. Arriving,
attaining. Becoming. Uwill or Arcl, Name of a fruitful
island belonging to the district of Bahrayn in Arabia Felix.
Name of an idol worshipped by the tribes Bakr and Taghlib.
A J} awli, (pl. of J. awla') Nearer. Better, worthier.
A.") awli, (pl. of J; arewal) The firsts.
A J awali, (pl. of 3..." aliyat) Coming short. Negligent.
p rcm, Debt. Credit. Colour. Salutary, salubrious.
A *', uwm, Violent thirst, or the heat attending it. Smoke.
Giddiness, the vertigo. A tendon, a nerve. A bow-string.
A2", awmir, (pl. of 2.) amr) Commands, mandates, edicts.
P e' awn, (for e): iwn) A king's court. A palace. A
house. An open gallery, a belvedere, a balcony, the principal
apartment in some Eastern houses, at the top of the house, for
the benefit of the prospect and fresh air.
A. e' awan, (pl. of e an) Times. Moments.
Ae), airn, Time. Season of the year. Name of a place.
A awni, (pl. of .U." in-a) Wessels, vases.
Pe', awndan, To sleep, to be drowsy.
A c awwn, (pl. ofe Zwan) Palaces. Summer-houses.
P s' awah (or s', awh), Echo,
A sl, awwah. A sigher, one who sighs much. Contrite. One
who fears God, imploring the forgiveness of sins. Merciful,
compassionate (one of the names of God).
P \s, awh, Labours, works. Victuals.
A as, awahid, (pl. of As, awhad.) Mondays.
P s' away, A loud voice.
Pcl awayik, A weaver's reed, to which the woof is fixed.
A J awyil, (pl. of J, awwal) The first (men), principals,
chiefs. The ancients. Beginnings. The first ten days of every
month. (See A-, awakhir and la-), awsit). J J
c-- One of the first ten days of the month of Rajab.
Ae awyn, (pl. of &T flyinat) Easy, convenient, tran
s J l salsa liyli awayin, Three easy nights
quil.
(journey, without trouble or inconvenience). Name of a place.
P -->| awb, A large serpent; the python.
A --> awb, (from ~,') Return. Repentance, conversion.
Setting (the sun). Coming in the night (especially to seek for
water). Killing. A tract, part, place, district. Celerity, agi
lity, quickness of step (in camels), an ambling pace. Rectitude.
A way, road. The wind. A cloud. A bee. Anger. An in
tention, design. A custom. A mode, a manner. ~, J% J
min kulli awbin, From all quarters. In every manner.
A ' awb, (pl. of : wah) Pestilences, epidemical disorders.
A el, awbad, (pl. of A wabad) Large indigent families.
Aj, awbar, (pl. of 22 wabar) The hairs of camels, goats,
and other animals that have soft piles.
P_\,' awbar or br (imp. of Jj or ej"), Swallow
thou. Devouring, swallowing. A devourer, glutton. Any ani
mal that devours other animals. _*: ^ers ...s) A dragon
devouring men. j) ea. J A fish swallowing a ship, or
boat. Awbr, Loaded. Throwing over-board. Loss, damage.
A house. Strong poison. Obr, A lamentation, a cry.
P Jj awbridan or brdan, To ingulph, swallow, de
vour. To prune, lop, cut, amputate. To throw in, to cast,
thrust, or let down. Obaridan, To groan.
P J; awbash (or <\;\ awbashah), A soldier, champion,
gladiator, or prize-fighter. Robbers who rove from country to
 200 >)
**
country. A vagabond, a stroller, a dissolute fellow. A mixed A &-2) atc.jiyat, (pl. of \-> waja) Little sacks.
crowd of all nations and all sorts of people, but especially of the w e-Anjin,635:12-t) Name of a town in India, 126
meanest; the mob, the canaille. A mole. measured coss from Agra (each 4000 English yards).
P e-s) awbshtan, To cut, lop off, prune, amputate. To p z uch, A wager, a stake. e; g: To lay a wager.
fill. To throw away. Obshtan, To devour, swallow. Pe --> awchat paman , (in anc, Pers.) A finger. A toe,
res, awbash?, Rakishness, dissoluteness. Attendance at p <-2) Ochah, Name of a city.

games and public shows,

p -j-. itchizi, The quality, nature, or manner of a thing,
P J awbndan, To doze. To be laid prostrate. A z-> awhj, (pl. of **, wahajat) Low places,
A & 2) awbat, (from ~") Return . Sunset, Killing, Coming A J- atchsh, (pl. of U-2 wahsh) Starved,
in the night (to seek water). A foot. A Ju-, atchal, (pl. of J-2 wahat) Soft clays.
p J awburdan, To swallow. A 3-2) aw had, Singular, only, unique, &\s; Js A-, *
P u- ubis, A companion, a friend, Kindred, connexions, He is an incomparable man, the phoenix of his age, 2-2)
P *: Obih, Name of a village in 3, IIarat, Singular in the faith, Awhad and awhadu'd din have been
A & awbiyat, (pl. of waba) Plagues, pestilences. adopted as surnames by many princes and distinguished then,
r & airpchah, An officer of the court, P g awkh, Ah! alas! A share, a portion,
r &\- *::: awpchah-khanah, A guard-house. A picket. A U*, awkhsh, (pl. of U+4, wakhsh) Vile, worthless, base,
P <>, at (for ; ; 2 a wa to), He and thou.
A at: khm, (pl. of s, wakhim) Indisposed from indi.
A $, awwat, An accident, a misfortune. Alas! --& $, awwat gestion or a pain in the stomach,
laka, Sorrow go with thee! God confound thee! A e; ared, (from 3'i) Bending. Weighing down, oppressing,
A 29, awtd, (pl. of 35, watad) Stakes, poles, pegs, pins, Keepin g employ ed, Drawi ng on (the evening), Proper name
props. Grandees, chiefs (as being pillars of the state). Moun of a man. Awad, (from e.") Becoming crooked,
tains. Teeth. Title of four prophets who founded a sect. A , ador awd, Wood, The precious perfume, called Xylaloe

Aj, awtr, (pl. of , watar) Nerves, chords, bow-strings, by the Greeks, and which we name the wood of aloes, The
p J tk (or &le;) dgh), A large tent, a pavilion.
finest kind grows, according to Eastern writers, in an island
r J", awtndan, To sleep, slumber. To faint, which they eall Sanf, situated in the Indian Ocean, towards
A J) awtal, (A man) full of wine or other liquor, drunk, China; though some give the preference to that of Cape Como.
P J ti, A kind of hot iron, with which they take stains out rin, It is also produced in Samandar (Sumatra), and in Sarandib

of cloth, by pressing it upon blotting-paper laid upon the spot, (Ceylon), ---" e." The wood of life, or serpent-wood, (which
A cl awsn, (pl. ofe wasan) idols, it resembles in shape, and is an excellent antidote for the bites of
AA, awsar asJ al awsar, Enmity, those noxious animals. The best sort comes from Congo in
A ars (tw as L m awsam, How bare! How barren : Africa). It is more frequently spelt 2:- td. Name of a
A g?' awj, The top, summit, vertex. The altitude or ascen place in the desert of Arabia, Name of a province in india,
dant of a planet. Dignity, preferment, promotion, High, sub A e." awidd or awudd, (pl. of , wadd) Lovers, dear friends,
lime, exalted. Raising the voice in running through the gamut. A le;' awd. ($2,' awdt, ' arediyut, or &le; awdya),
r -:) The fortunate aspect or ascendant of a planet,
-
(pl. of --, wd) Valleys, low grounds between hills, Rivers,
A F' awje, (pl. of S--, wajae) Pains, diseases, afflictions, Banks, beds or channels of rivers,
A lar, awjl, (pl. of J-, wajal) Fears, alarms, A "*"asiddd, (pl. of A, wadi Lovers, cordial friends.
A cl arjam,
(pl. of **, wajam) Large heaps of stones, A sle, of a place,
Awda, Name -

Stones erected in the desert as a direction for travellers, Ava.

A cle, awdj, (pl. of t: wadaj) The jugular veins, -

ricious. Despicable. Thin, small-bodied,

A el-, Arjn, Name of a city in Azarbjn (Media),
A ---, arjab, More or most necessary.
AA-2 awjar, Timid, timorous. Name of a place in Syria,
a J-5 atjas, Somewhat, a little, L-3) at arjas, al aws
jasu or afusu, An age. L-y" L* Never, at any time,
A J-, awjal, Timid, afraid,
A **) awjam, A large tract of sand,
P &le;) dgh, A splendid tent of a eircular form, used by
prince, generals, or other distinguished personages,
A. 3-, awdat, A weight, a burthen,
Py' awdar, A nephew either by the brother or sister, A.
cording to Rashd, a father's brother,
q_*: itlur (or l itzur), ("rt) Water,
P wl durdan, (in ancient Persian) To die,

A. **, arjah, More or most fair, beautiful, or plausible, P &29, #drugh, Frost, hoar-frost, rime,
* **, arjuh (or - wwuh), (pl. of 3-, wah) Faces, sur. P w Parah, A mountainous place,
faces. 4. A paper specifying the amount of several particulars, * --' awdas (or ~~9, wdast), A span,
 A t airdat, A field-mouse. (A pigeon) having a white crop.
awdak, as 59, ' bant-i awdak, Misfortunes.
A P Jl awardan, To bring. To fetch. To adduce. To
* c, 3)" U. I do not know what man he is.
Ae awdan, Soft.
pse, Awdah, Name of a city.
A&S.) awdiyat, (pl. of use, wd) Valleys. Rivers.
pJ wzar. A part, a side, a tract of country. A journey.
ry." awar, Certainty. The seventh heaven. Ugliness, defor
mity. Master, possessor: as y57 *g bkh-awar, Having a root,
i.e. strongly rooted. J37 <<- jang-awar, A warrior. Ju J
dil-awar, One who hath a heart, i.e. bold. Jji J2j zr-awar,
Having strength, i.e. strong.
AJM awir, Hard (ground).
AJMaier, The north.
PJ3 awar, Obscene discourse.
AJ, awur or uwwar, (pl. of A, uwr) Heats of the sun, fire,
smoke or south-wind.
r), ar, Foam, froth. A bottle. The fist. A blow with the
fist. Any fruit having a hard shell, as almonds, pistachios, &c.
r), awr, A fortress, a citadel.
ry, r, (oblique of, 5) Him, her, it. To him, of him.
- A-9, awrb, (pl. of c, warb) The tops or mouths of the
holes of mice, scorpions, &c. The dens or haunts of wild beasts.
The spaces or membranes between the ribs.
Acy, aicrd, (pl. of 93 wird) Continual praises or comme
morations; also certain portions of the Kurn, which the Mu
hammadans recite at different hours, especially at their morning
and evening service. Leaves of a tree or book.
ry, awrz (for jj) afrax), Exalting.
, G w-y; aiersliyun, (Ogeogxivov) Mountain-parsley.
P cy, awrashtan, (for easy") To exalt, raise, elevate.
A 8): awrt, (pl. of & J., warat) Weak, small, slender.
P $9, oragh (for ), A splendid tent of a circular form.
AJW, awrk, (pl. of J wark) Monies, different kinds of
riches, (pl. of U2 warak), Leaves (of a tree or of a book).
"JA J% Scattered leaves. A wrak is a title given to many
books, especially, by way of modesty, to small works.
A J awral, (pl. of J waral), Reptiles resembling the
Lybian lizard. Name of a sandhill near Mecca.
A cy, awrm, (pl. of : waram) Tumours.
* Jy, arman (or &y, urmah), A peculiar manner of
reading or chanting Pahlavi poetry, which derives its name from
* village in the dependencies of J Kashgn, where the in
Ventor of it lived.
*J; Awran, Name of a well near Madna.
PJ rtk, (in the dialect of Khrzam) A merchant. a month. Name of a city; and of several kings of Persia.
rf awarjah, A cash-book, journal, diary, register.
'93' icard (or 9), award), A battle, conflict, engagement,
combat, war. e 9; award kardan, To make war, to fight.
A is), awridat, (pl. of *_y, warid) Jugular veins.
P sle) i award-gh (or <f award-gah), A field of battle.
relate. e * To perform, to exhibit. J's J c
To bring a work to perfection, to finish any thing properly, to
adjust. e ex: To bring forth, to produce (as the earth).
ey- To carry in. To conceal a cause, to cloak. ex**
e To assault. e e's To remember.
Pey," awardani, A gift worthy of being presented.
*29, ordu, A court, palace, or camp. A horde (of Tartars).
P s awardah, Brought, introduced. ses -7 ib-war
dah, A distemper in the hoof, nail, or claw; a whitlow. sey'
cl To admit, to infer. To come brought, or be introduced.
J* e);i To be introduced, adduced or brought. & s
They say; as 2.7 s---: * ~~~~) < * s
They say that the governor will come after his marriage.
P J awarddan, To fight, to make war. To carry off.
P y, iirurgh, Frost, hoar-frost, rime.
* Ly, awaras, The cypress. The juniper-tree. Millet.
Pr Awarsar, The planet Jupiter.
P rsiya, The roots of the iris or white lily.
A Urshalim, (HEB. Dwy-h") Jerusalem.
A C) awrak, Brown, tawny, dusky coloured. A year with
out rain. Milk diluted with water.
P $57 awarak (or %, awarak), A swing, a see-saw.
A %, aierak, Large-thighed (man).
P 9-9,
Urkand, Name of a city in Turkistan.
p *;9, Awarkh, Name of a city in Persian Irk.
P g Urganj, Name of a city in Khrzam.
P J awargsh, The hard part of the ear. An ear-ring.
A bunch of grapes. An ear of corn, which hangs the head.
A awram, Men, people, a crowd.
P J rmali, The gummy exudation of a certain tree.
P Jv, irmn, Difficulty, trouble. A forest, a thicket.
P 929, Ormuzd, The name of the angel or genius, supposed
to preside over the first day of the ancient Persian solar year;
at which time they celebrated a solemn festival in honour of this
spirit, whom the followers of Zardusht (Zoroaster) consider as the
prince of the benevolent genii, and the principle of all good, in
opposition to Ahiraman (the author of every evil, and chief of
the demons), whom the Greeks distinguished by the name of
Arimanios. The planet Jupiter, called by the Arabians s-c
mushtari, to which they add the epithet of 2.5 A*- sat d-i kabir,
Fortuna major, as they do that of x. As saad-i saghir, For
tuna minor, to the planet sj zuharah or Venus (terms which
have been borrowed by our European astrologers). The moon,
P <<9, awramk, A cap, a hat, a woollen cowl.
rer azermin (or ey: awrin), Juniper.
rl awranj, Nightshade. Oranj, grapes.
P Jy?" awrinjan (or er awranjin), A bracelet.
2 D
 _2) 20:2
P & 3) awrand, A throne. A crown. Glory, honour, dignity,
power. Excellence. Beauty. Humane, affable, courteous. Mns
book of paintings. Provisions, necessaries. Fortune, destiny.
Life. Any large river. The sea. Blackness. Name of a
grandson of Kaykubad. A wirand, Fraud, deceit, imposture.
Urand, An ornament.
Pejy2) awrandan, To throw away.
f s), awrandah, Bringing. A bringer.
Pejy, awrandidan, To be slothful, lazy. To deceive.
P &y; awrang, A throne. A crown. Glory, honour, power,
dignity. Excellence. Wisdom, understanding. Order, regu
larity, arrangement. Humane, mild, courteous. Splendid, or
namented, shining. The moon. Moon-light. A manufacturing
village. Provisions, necessaries of life. Fraud, deceit. Mirth.
A worm which eats into wood. A man's name. (for ci,
b-rang) Water-colour, paint.
P 99%), Awrang-bd, Capital of the province of Dawlat
bd, built by Awrang-zb, 265 measured coss from Delhi. (The
measured coss is equal to 4000 English yards, but the computed
coss varies, in different provinces, from 2000 to 2500 yards).
P -j Awrang-zb, Name of a famous emperor of Hin
dstn (who died in 1707, after a glorious reign of above fifty
years) great-great-grandfather to Shh talam (Allum) the late
Mogul. He was son to Shh Jahn, whose grandfather was the
great Sultn Akbar, the son of Humyn, and grandson of
Bbar II. who was the son of tumar Shaykh, and grandson of
Muhammad the son of Mrn Shh, one of the sons of Timr
(Tamerlane). Shh Jahn having, according to the Eastern
historians, made a throne, superb beyond description (valued by
them at twenty millions of pieces of gold, the exact value of
which are not ascertained), in order to perpetuate the memory
bers. Metres. 4-09 Persian weights and measures.
of it to posterity, he gave to his third son the name of Awrang
zeb, which signifies, ornament of the throne; as if he had pre
saged (say the Eastern writers) that the lustre of this prince's
reign would add greater glory to the throne than the brilliant
gems with which it was so profusely embellished.
ru r j <=&y, awrang-s07, A kind of cloth so called.
PJ <&y, awrang-shhz, A kind of silk so called.
r J.- <&, awrang-nishin, Sitting on a throne; a reigning
prince.
p J awrangi, An air of music. The royal air, composed
by one Barbud, master of music to Khusraw Parvz, king of
Persia (who reigned in the sixth century, contemporary with the
Greek emperor Maurice). He is also the inventor of a musical
instrument which bears his name, called Barbut or Barbitan.
P Jys' awrkhtan (for ej afrkhtan), To inflame.
P ard, A royal court or camp. A horde (of Tartars).
P uwarzand, Caution. Experience, knowledge. Value.
Information, notice. Elegance, proportion. Height.
P. w; awrah, (for *Af ab-rah) A canal, a conduit.
32)
r f awarah, (for f iwrah) The outside of a garment.
The best side of cloth. The surface of any thing.
p ' awari, Truth. Probity, rectitude.
G J*:U, arabankhi, (Otoyxn) Broomrape.
A9, Uriya, (HEB. Tin)N) Uriah the Hittite.
P -*): arib (or 9. uriv), Inverted, transposed.
P e waridan, To bring, to cause to bring. To suffice.
To have enough. To attack, to make a charge.
P J J27 wridan, To swallow. To hold a conference.
rejy, aieridan, To be slothful, sluggish. To deceive. To
finish. To bring.
rj aw-rez (for AA' ab-rz), A water-closet.
P J-93 awrzsi, Set with jewels. -
A r rm, (Heb. Dnk) The Urim. (Exod. xxviii. 30.)
P Jys' awarin (or ev;" awarin), Juniper.
P & 2, Uriyah, The province we call Orissa in India.
Aj, aws, Calculation (especially of the motions of the moon).
P_j2 z, (in the dialect of Khrzam) Ingenious, dexterous.
Aj3) iteazz, A gander. A thick dwarf. An active man.
P95 f awzr, Pot-herbs, roots. Spiceries, seasonings.
P_\}, awzr, The sail of a ship. A shoe. Tools.
AL2.awzr, (pl. of 25, wizr) Burthens, loads, whatever op
presses. Sins, crimes. Sacks. Arms, weapons. (pl. of jj
wazar) Mountains, or other places of refuge, sanctuaries, asy
lums. Fortifications. (pl. of 25, wazir) Vazirs, counsellors,
ministers of state. (pl. of 5); wizrat) Offices, dignities.
el awzr-dn, A box for spiceries, a pepper-box.
P
: awzs, Bodies, crowds. Name of a certain tribe.
A
#9, awzgh, (pl. of 335, wazaghat) Lizards, newts. Weak.
A
ey: awzn, (pl. of ej, warn) Weights, measures. Num
A
r Jj, awzyish (for Jj azysh), Abundance, increase.
P 33, Uzbak, Name of a Tartar dynasty.
A 35; iwazzat, A goose. A nimble active woman.
P 3, awzak, A particular seal.
P ej, awzan, Strong, vigorous. A lion.
A ej, awzan, Most weighty, respectable, influential.
rej, Usun, Name of a people. A satyr, a sylvan.
P*j, awzand (Aj, ) Military accoutrements.
or
rej' awsan, (equivalent to ex} azun) Ample, spacious.
Ac iwazziana, (pl. of 5, iwazz) Ganders. Dwarfs. Ac
tive men.
A is assiy, Goose-like. A waddling pace.
P J.32 dicizidan (or evj. f awizidan), To suspend.
P Jj >! arezin, Juniper.
"e2.j, awsn, A ring. A buckle.
* coj> awjan, Throwing, casting. Strong, robust. Murder,
slaughter. ej? 29, mard-i awjan, A warlike man, a hero.
Peji) awandidan, To throw, to cast, to hurl.
 C*9)
r Jj, anjl, Instigation. Ujul, Haste, speed.
rj}) awjlandah, Exciting, instigating. Exacting.
P awjdan (for e; affilidan), To raise, ex
eite, stir up. To render bold. To exact, demand. To per
plex, trouble. To satiate, quench. To make covetous. To
remove. To pluck up. To hasten.
* 5; ivijah, The handle of a vessel.
A. J aws (from J."), Giving, recompensing, repaying. A
gift. A loan. A wolf. Name of an Arabian tribe. Calling
aloud to cattle or sheep. -
rv aws, Hope. Us, Take Lay hold on 1
A t airskh, (pl. of *, wasakh) Filths, defilements.
Aklairsit, (pl. of a., wasat) The middle parts, centres.
Pe- awsn (equivalent to e- afsan), A whetstone.
**:- awsped, A species of water-lily.
re-- ast (for ---> ast), He is.
**- ustkh, Bold, presuming, impudent, uncivil.
re- ustad, A master in any art or profession.
P J- ustdgi, A trade. Mastership.
"J- ustdt, A trade. Skill, mastership. J% use
ustdi kardan, To fabricate, manufacture. To act the master.
P '- ustm (or c- ustam), A pillar, a prop. A prince,
a patron. A threshold. Confidence, trust. Faithful, trust
worthy. Ornaments for a saddle and bridle.
re-, istn (for J- ustan), An entrance, threshold. A
palace. A long and wide-extended house. Trust-worthy. Or
naments, trappings.
p *P- osturah (for *P- usturah), A razor.
p ---, awstim, A sleeve. Blood. Pus, matter.
Aa- awsat. A middle, a mean. The middle proposition in
a syllogism. (The extremes being J- the highest, and je
the lowest.) The most excellent. ) la-," Of a middling
stature. **, Jr." 24- Virtue consists in moderation.
4 Ja-y" awsati, Middlemost, middling, moderate.
A t atcsat, More or most ample, larger, largest.
A --, uslab (or - uslb), Order, way, mode.
"J- atcsan, Short, brief.
*:-) s, Grief, lamentation. Robbery, spoliation.
"ex" awsin (for ex-3 asun), Enchantment, fascination.
r , awsah, Taken, seized. Robbery, seizure.
'y isidar, A species of Indian menuphar.
"J- Osiris, ("Onigi;) The Egyptian god.
*Ls Airsh or Ush, Name of a city in Transoxania.
A*-*, awshb, (pl. of C-8, wishb) Crowds, mobs.
Aj, awshz, Aids, assistances. Assistants, allies.
*low condition, mean. Joints Troubles, adversities.
p J awshal, A pond, a tank, a reservoir.
A J, awshl, (pl. of J-3, washal) Small quantities of
water. Few, and also, many tears. Fears, awes, terrors. <2\,
203 Me,
J, zt awshl, Name of a place between Hijz and Syria.
"L, awshlan, (Men) following one another in ranks, or files.
P ej, awshn (for e), Scattering. Oshn, Those.
rej awshndan (for ex\til afshndan), To scatter.
P **L*, awshndah, Scattered. A button.
P J*, awshanidan (for Jl), To cause to scatter.
A s, awshihat, (pl. of c, wishh) Belts of leather, or
namented with gems or gold-studs, worn by the Arabian ladies.
Aer awshan, One who goes to another to transact busi
ness, and eats with him.
r &&..) awshandanah, A coat-button. A button-hole, a loop.
P <!" awshang, A line to hang clothes or grapes upon.
P s ushangan, Slow, lazy, negligent.
* Ls L awsh o bawsh, Ostentation, pride, conceit.
r & awshah, Dew. Oshah, Origany.
P e- awshin (or e awshin), Wild marjoram.
A -\e, awsb, (pl. of -e, wasab) Diseases, distempers.
A , awsf, (pl. of ~ i.e., wasf) Specifications, descrip
tions, titles, epithets. Attributes, qualities, endowments. Praises,
encomiums. Famous actions. &t= 232) Excellent quali
ties. -\!\; -\e, Titles and epithets. P ve, s-339s.
shh-zada-i hamidah aws af, A prince of noble endowments.
A Je, awsl, (pl. of Je, wisl) Joints, joinings.
A res) awsar, High ground.
p :-) usu, Grief, lamentation for the dead.
A \-, awsiy, (pl. of e, wasiy) Giving, or receiving orders.
A c) awzah, (pl. of ~, wazah) Bracelets, necklaces, or
naments for the ankles and other parts of the body. Good coins.
Lights, lustres, splendours. White spaces (especially on the
foreheads or feet of horses, &c.). Marks made upon horses.
Hoary or white hairs. Milks. Leprosies. The best parts of a
road. Certain kinds of young green herbage. (All these being
so named on account of their light or bright colours).
Aj, awzr, (pl. of r, wasar) Putrid, rancid or corrupted
qualities (of meat, fat, water, or milk).
A &\ awzt (pl. of 83; waza), Postures, positions, actions,
gestures. Je'> awzt wa atwr, Actions and motions.
p *}^* \ t awzt-i na hamwarah, Unsuitable actions.
A. awzam, (pl. of *: wazam) Mats, boards, or such
things upon which meats are placed, to keep them clean.
A. *: awzah, More or most clear, manifest, evident.
A *: awziya-a, (pl. of C. wazi-a) Clean, meat, pure.
r, it, An ox. --
A -*. awtab (or awtub), (pl. of -*. watb) Bottles,
made of the leather of full-grown cattle (those made of the skins
Men of of sucking animals being named & shakwat, and Sys badrat
when they have been weaned). (Men) walking without shoes or
any covering for the feet. Large breasts. Killed, slain.
Aj, awtar, (pl. of A, watar) Things necessary to be done;
whatever materially concerns one's self.
2 D 2
 & 204
A J-k, Awts, Name of a place, and of a valley.
P &\,,) utgh, A can or jug.
p J*, Otk, A tent. A room, a chamber.
e", awtn, (pl.ofe, watan) Countries, mother-countries. of trees. (pl. of 35, wakrat) Wounds in a horse's foot.
A.
ree ...t tark-iawtan kardan, To abandonone's country. J-9, awks, Profligate (people), of bad reputation.
i airta, Hairy about the eye-brows. An easy life.
A
A &, awzifat, (pl. of J.), wasf) The slenderest parts of gabond, a vagrant. A miscellaneous assembly, mob, crowd.
the arms and legs of men, or of the limbs of animals.
Ajle, awgr, (pl. of j, teatr) Rough, rugged grounds.
A Je, aweil, (pl. of Je; watl) Nobles, princes. Asylums.
Name of a mountain. (pl. of Je; watil), Mountain-goats.
Aj. awtar, Rugged, rough (road). Intricate (question).
A v awgas, Soft sandy soil, of a high exposure, fruitful in
such kinds of herbs as are eaten raw.
A Ge. awak, Hasty, touchy, testy.
A 3.e., awaiyat, (pl. of e, wit), Repositories, sheaths, vessels.
P \,) awgh, Air, wind.
A -\,\ awghb, (pl. of ~& wagh") Large sacks. The
inferior sorts of household furniture (as pots, or Pans).
Fools. Strong (camels).
A els, arghd, (pl. of A, waghd) Servants (particularly
those who serve for their victuals). Weak in body, enervated
(men). People, men, boys. Melons. A kind of arrows used
in drawing of lots (especially the unsuccessful ones. See c).
A avgham, (pl. of *: waghm) Hatreds.
p J arghn, Lamentation. See also J' aghan.
rye,' awghar, An assembly, a congress. An airy place.
p J, Awghal, Name of a certain people.
p J, ghun (or ex'), An aqueduct, a subterraneous canal.
A s, aw, Injury, damage.
A cls, agd, (pl. of 23, wad) The summits of sandy hills.
Crowds, multitudes (of Arabians). 23, J* -> hum tala' asad,
They are upon a journey.
Aj, awfaz, (pl. of j, wa.) High places. Hastes. j, J->
huwa tala alfz, He is upon the road, he is making haste.
A JAG, awfiis, (pl. of Ji, wa.) Hastes. (pl. of J-3, wats)
Chopping-blocks. Different sects. Multitudes, crowds, espe
cially meeting and conversing together at market, each indivi
dual carrying a scrip. Jl J- Hastily, by making haste.
reclai, ftdan (J iiadan or c) itan), To fall.
rej liftndan, To cause to fall.
r &\-3, asnah (or &\-3 usanah), A tale, a story.
A c) awfak, More or most convenient, apposite.
A l awfa, More or most sufficient, or abundant.
A. J.' awk, A burden, weight, trouble, any thing oppressive or
disagreeable. A subterraneous canal, common sewer. The nest
of a bird upon the top of a mountain. Name of a place.
A -li, awkb, (pl. of ~3, wakb) Arrivals. Meetings.
Ditches, trenches, hollows, where water remains (particularly on
A
mountains), wells in rocks from one to two cubits in depth. The
sockets of the eyes. Household furniture, utensils.
A 3, awkat, (pl. of c-3, wakt) Times, seasons, hours.
Aj, atckr, (pl. of j, wikr) Burthens, loads. Fruits, leaves
A
J awkash (for L awbsh), An adventurer. A va
A
AJ-9, arckis, (pl. of La, wakas) Those numbers under ten,
and above five, in relation to the taxing of cattle for sacrifice
(supposing the owner of cattle to be assessed to the value of a
sheep for every five oxen; whatever number he has above five,
and under ten, pays nothing).
A 33, awk, (pl. of -i, wak) Legacies, pious bequests.
A J, awkl, (pl. of J wakly Dwarf palm-trees; also their
fruits when dry.
A -3, awkab, Salacious.
A & 3, kat, An assembly, a crowd.
t_35, awkadar, So much, so many, so much the more.
Weak. A v) arekas, Short-necked. The nearest of two roads.
G e awkatriyn, (E&rargiov) Hemp agrimony.
A Us, awkal, (A goat, horse, &c.) climbing a mountain or
stopping upon it.
A &#;" ukiyat, An ounce.
c ex, awkimn, ("Onvuoy) Wild sweet basil.
P % awk (for z: awj), The summit of any thing.
P% Uk, Name of a certain fortress.
Aj% awkr, (pl. of , wakr) Nests.
A & awkat, Anger, rage, vehemence. Malice. Affliction.
A ',' awkah, Earth, sand, and stones.
A *$3) awkad, More or most firm, solid, or established.
* 5, awkar, A weaver's trench (the weavers in the East sit
ting at work upon the ground, with their feet in a kind of trench,
instead of being seated upon benches as in Europe). Certain
filaments made of the fibres of the palm-tree, or of the tree called
i.) lif, used by weavers; also ropes formed with those fibres.
A L-3' awkas, A bad man, of the very worst class.
A s awka, (A man) having the great toe pressing upon
the next, and protuberant at the joint Tall and handsome, but
stupid. Worthless (servant).
A e} awkun, (pl. of 3.9 wuknat) The nests of birds built on
mountains, or in walls.
A g!awkanj, Sebestens.
A l awkiyat, (pl. of $, wik) The chains, strings, or any
thing which connects the stopple to the neck of the bottle, or
fastens it more firmly in the mouth. Close-handed men.
r;% wk, A bird of ill omen. An owl.
ry awgr, Loaded. Drunk. Crippled.
'9% Usin, Name of celebrated warrior.
 J} 205 c
th. T p 3 awganj, Repentance, contrition. manders in chief. J.A.); Priors, abbots, or other chiefs of
awgandan, (for eye.9) afgandan) To throw. religious orders. x"; (Endued with constancy) Noah, Abra
|Iri, *A J ala, (for J, awala) (fut. J: ya-alu) He returned. ham, Moses, and Jesus.
..A J. awl (from J.'); Returning, retiring. Taking refuge. P U-59 Gls, (TARTAR) Nature, disposition.
ski's
A ex, awlawna, (pl. of J. awla') Nearer. Better. More
Being reduced to a proper state. Making a judicious use of
. riches. Governing, presiding. Revolting. Becoming thick, eligible. Awwaluna, (pl. of J; awwal) First. Fore-fathers.
At and also becoming thin (liquor). Name of a valley between A -3% aluwiyat, Majority, superiority, pre-excellence.
il. Mecca and Yammah; also a place between Madna and Tayy. <!; J. A. bi tarik-i uluwiyat, By right of majority.
*::: AJ, uival, (pl. of J. ula', fem. of J; awwal) First. al awlah or awilah, (for al abilah) A blister, pimple, bile,
P

sft
a J.) awwal, First, prior. Best, principal. Beginning, prin felon, freckle, small-pox, or other eruption on the skin.
It is
ciple, commencement. Firstly, before, at first, as soon as, the P al, awlah or alah, An eagle, a falcon. A brute, an animal.
wet,
first moment, long ago, formerly. J J; Successively. J; J. awla', Nearer, better, best, more or most excellent,
A

J The beginning of spring. --rll J; The fame at Mecca. worthy, fit, sufficient, proper. K. J Woe be to thee!
: .J.' Break of day. J. J." A first-born. ***, J; At AJ." ula', (fem. of J."), First: as J. A-29 The first step.
ki first, at the first onset. J.-- cr J. & Since the day before A J. uli, (oblique of 3, illu) Possessed of, endowed with : as

yesterday, three days ago. Ap U ** J; awwal tazm &si Winged animals. j Resolute (men). J.'
pas kalam, First dinner, then conversation.
A} airl (for J. awla'), Nearer. Better, preferable. It Scientific (persons). Je" J. Wise, prudent (men).
is enough. x sl IIow conspicuous he is for excellence!
J. awwali, The first, best, chief. A first principle. A
.#

k
self-evident proposition. An axiom, a general maxim.
A} il, (pl. of 3 sa and s< zihi) These.
A \,\ awliy, (pl. of waly) Successive showers. (pl. of
l, A awwalan, In the first place, before all things. , *),
li "Ai airwalan wa akhiran (or AT 2 J, awwal tea akhir), & walry) Near, contiguous. Ofthe same profession. Equals.
from beginning to end, from first to last, at length, finally. Assistants, patrons, defenders. Fathers. Lords, masters. Friends
A -l, ult, (pl. fem. of 3, illu) Possessors. (of God), saints, prophets. &- awliyy dawlat, Fathers
A g atclaj, (pl. of i, walajat) Caverns, or other places, of the state, i. e. Princes, ministers, nobles.
A &l, awwaliyat, Priority, primacy.
into which passengers retire to shelter themselves from rain, &c.
rj, awla'tar, Better.
The windings of rivers or valleys. ! ulira, ("Oxvea) Starch-wheat.
G
A , atclad, (pl. of , walad) Sons, children, descendants.
G J alikus, (Oxxx) (or J ) Six oboli.
j ** Uld, Name of a certain demon.
A U-5 Uls, Name of a fortress in the district of Tarsus. A J, ail, Salt-pits in the further Lybia.
A J awwalin, (oblique pl. of J; awwal) The first. J
A&l, ill-ika, (fem. G!, ilka) (the irregular plurals of 3,- The letter alif. J J Destiny, fate. Je J
sku, and u tika) These. awwalin wa akhirin, Ancients and moderns.
ill-lika (pl. of cls silika) Those. , arcm, (from ') Breathing with difficulty (a thirsty per
A.

* - Ulab, Name of a place in Andalusia.

Al, awwalat, The first. The beginning. son). Smoking. Governing, ruling. Uwam, as J layl-i
uwam, Nights of misfortune; unhappy times.
awlij, The little stalk of a grape. Nightshade. rz, umj, A mark, butt. Paste made up in the shape of
G ex-. Olustiyn, (Oxfrtov) The herb flitchwort.
forced-meat balls, and eaten either alone, or in soup or milk. A
Ad awlak, Madness, insanity. Mad, insane. Name of dish made with crumbs of bread, butter, honey, and dates.
the sword of A.!, c J's Khlid Ibn Walid. P 'ele, awmda, The expressed juice of the wild cucumber.

Tywi) awlkadar, Only, so much, so many, so far. G J umali (or J uwumli), (Exaluta) Elaeomeli,

A awlam, Is it not? \al, awlamma, Is it not yet? a honied oil which exudes from the stems ofcertain treesin Syria.
p & awlanj, Knowledge, understanding, intellect. Excel P J Awman, Name of a village in Hamadn.

lence. Pomp, splendour, ornament. A throne. Mirth. Mode P *s, umid (omd or 3-9) mz), (for era umd) Hope.

P eft awan (for ce f awang), Anything suspended.

of living. Provisions. A bunch of grapes. Nightshade. Fraud,
A e awin, (part.) Easy, tranquil.
deceit. A dormitory.
A}} ulu, Lords, masters, possessors; (also sing.), A lord, a A c" awn, Convenience. Quiet. Peace, tranquillity. Gen
master, possessed of, having. _\a); Having eyes, i. e. pru tleness, mildness, lenity, placidness. A make-weight. Any
dent, sagacious, penetrating. '- ; Related by birth. 3), counterpoise to a load.
~." Prudent, intelligent. ,<\}, Emperors, generals, com Aeluwun, (pl. ofe), iwn) Courts. Palaces. Galleries.
 206 \\\

A Webi.) unadiya, A wild cucumber. into a house ; residing in any place, by day or night. Receiving
ry, alonr, A conflagration. Fragrance. Drowsiness. hospitably. Compassionating, pitying, condoling.
PJb," awnanzdan, To rest, slumber. To hope, expect. rl 3-7, He, she, it. Uwi, Lo! behold.
rvus awnanis, Pomegranate-buds. A. (2%) (tayr-i) awwa', Birds flocking together.

A &T awinat, Tortoises. (pl. of el, awn), Times. P , ily, A lazy, slothful, idle fellow.

A "& winatan, Repeatedly, frequently, oftentimes.
P c uwanj, Friendship, intimacy, familiarity.
P 232 awand, Furniture, particularly belonging to the kitchen,
as pots, pans, or other vessels. A line on which they hang clothes,
or grapes, to dry. A club, somewhat resembling a tennis-racket.
A field of battle. A chess-board. A plank. Water for washing.
A cushion, a pillow. Beginning, commencement. Argument,
proof. A throne.
re) iwn, A mountain. The middle month of autumn.
A &l ivyat (or & Wyat), (from ') Pity, condolence.
P g' rj (for l wz), Anything suspended.
P Jasl wkhtan or vkhtan, To hang, to suspend. To
catch hold of any thing, and to hang by it.
P < avkhtah, Suspended, hanging loose, pendulous.
A \,\ arid, The murmur or humming noise of people.
e awdan, To twist. To fatigue.
P

P , awind, Fraud, deceit.
P 49, awinkah, A prickly kind of shrub.
p <&T awang, A mortar in which things are pounded. Any
thing suspended. Bunches of grapes hung up to dry.
P J& awangan, Pendulous, hanging.
T ununj, Name of the tenth month.
rl 6-ira (for 9, ora), Him, her, it: to him.
PJ aw?rash, (in anc. Pers.) A certain number of crimes.
P};" awaz or vz, Any thing suspended. A place where
things are hung up. A hook upon which meats are hung. A
flesh-hook. The shambles. A border, margin, circuit.
p J accsan, (pl. of 2:7 awz) Things suspended.

P &, awnang, A clothes-line. P e awzndan, or avzndan, To cause to hang up.

p J wmus (for J abnus), Ebony.
G J awnimal, (Oiyaex.) A mixture of honey and wine.
P 3. uni, A kind of grain like barley.
P , uniya, Expressed juice. Awaniya, A medlar.
pe, awanidan, To rest, slumber, sleep. To hope, expect.
r Mwaw, Name of a city.
A ~, awab, (A camel) moving the feet quickly.
A 9, uwud (from e'), Weighing down, becoming crooked.
A_2, awar, (pl. of A, uwar) Heats (of the sun, fire, &c.).
P -*:f awzish, Suspension, pendulosity. War, trouble.
re aica-gan, A petitioner who addresses every body. A
hanger-on. An infamous boy. One who dispatches business.
Contagious. Meeting another. Left, dismissed. A dependant.
r awazah or vzah, An ear-ring. The lobe of the ear.
Pendulous excrescences from the poplar-tree.
P A f awzah-band, An ear-ring. -
re." vzdan, To hang up, round, from. To adhere.
P e awjagn, Adherents, lovers, friends.

A uwawuk, A kind of gum. P *};" awajah, Excrescences which hang at the branches of

A s awarczy, (possess of &T yat) Corporeal. Miraculous. the poplar. Wine. Chaste. Pure, unmixed.
A L-3' uways, A wolf. A man's name.
p f awah, A forge. A brick-kiln. A fringe, a border. Name -

of a city. Ah! alas ! P L a wish (J-57 aw?shan, <f awzshah, or c'

A 8, awwah, Alas! Well a day ! - aw?shtan), Thyme, marjoram, organy.

p Usi awha, (equivalent to \ abh) Waters.
re- awishin, Sight.
A k's, awhat, Quarrels, squabbles, lawsuits. A J. : uwayl, (dim. of JT al) A small number of people.

A J, awhak, (pl. of Cx wahak) Ropes of a peculiar kind, A &, uway-imat, (dim. of 3.3" a-immat) A little Imm.

by which camels are tethered whilst pasturing. Nooses, which pl awn, Pressed juice (of fruit, &c.).
are thrown forward in order to catch man or beast. P e awindan, To hope. To sleep, to slumber. -

A els, awham, (pl. of, wahm) Opinions, conjectures, sup
positions, imaginations, doubts, suspicions.
A \s, archad, Monday. Awhud, (pl. of A, wahd) Low,
sloping or hollow grounds.
Aj, atchaz, Walking gracefully.
A 3.S.) awhiyat, (pl. of J, wahy) Breaches, fissures, cracks
(in bottles, &c.). Uhiyat, Any space between mountains, a
valley, the declivity of a hill, from the summit to the base.
A awi, (part.) Repairing to a place to pass the night.
A awy (or ) Repairing to any place in
iyy), (from
pA f ah, Ah! alas! A sigh. r_<-7 A An ardengh
s e- A sigh from the bottom of the heart. j-A- Al A
heart-burning sigh. JJ ,st The sigh of one in pain. '
c h kashidan, To fetch a sigh.
As ahh, Sighing from grief, mourning, pronouncing ah'
A C-US) ihb, A skin, a raw hide, not tanned or otherwise pre
pared. Name of a place near Madina.
A &\s! ihbat, (iv of ) Calling to camels or cattle, to
make them stop or return: (~\s hb is the word used to a horse).
A -\s ihajat, (ivof) Withering or drying plants (wind).

order to dwell there; taking a house, carrying to, or receiving Producing dry plants (ground).
 <-2)
#: pJhr, Warm, hot, scalding. Glue. Starch. A border,
fringe, or list of cloth. Contamination, defilement.
sJs ahar, ( 3TTETR ) Food, sustenance.
P Jj' ahzdan, To draw a sword. - A -->\ ihtibb, (v111 of -8 habba) Cutting a stick. Being
P *Aj hzdah, Drawn out, extended.Lofty.
A -->'ahsib, (pl. of 3.3s hazbat) Showers of large drops.
A 3's ihfat, (1v of L) Having thirsty camels.
A Js hl, (poetically for Jl ahl) Peoples.
A&Mihlat, Fat, grease, tallow, marrow. Corpulency.
A&Willilat, (iv of J) Pouring out (sand or flour).
A Js' ahl, (pl. of JA) ahl) Inhabitants, citizens, com
mons. Consorts, spouses. Domestics, servants, family-people.
Possessors. Worthy. 4+, Jl Inhabitants of a kingdom.
A --> ahlib, (pl. of -2's uhlub) Kinds, modes, man
ners. Frauds. Delays. Riches. Ornaments.
rv Js' ahl-kas, The common people.
Pujl ahn, Glue, starch. Border, fringe, or list of cloth.
Contamination, defilement. A kind of pap, panado, or gruel.
A e's ihn, The stalk of a bunch of dates.
A c-Js! ihnat, (iv of ej) Disdain, contempt, insult, af
front. Hostility, enmity, treachery. P J -3\s' To despise,
treat will contempt. To declare enmity, to commit hostilities.
r ahnah (or &\s ahnah), The crown of the head.
The summit of a mountain. A hillock. An upper chamber,
open gallery, or principal apartment in eastern houses. The
top of a house. Villainy. A disgraceful action. Deformity.
--> ahab or uhab, (pl. of ~\ ihb) Skins not tanned.
A
Chab, (pl. of &l uhbat) Warlike instruments, accoutrements.
A* alb, (pl. of us hab) (Men) of weak understandings.
Small red ants. Thba, (1v of 3-8) Raising the dust (a horse).
A --> ahbb, (Garments) ragged, worn, or cut in pieces.
Ihhab, (iv of * habba) Tearing. Rousing, waking from a
dream. Leaping upon the female (a male).
A Slihbz, (iv of r) Running, flying, making haste.
Ajs ihbar, (Iv of jb) Growing very fat.
Aks ihbat, (1v of **) Throwing down, precipitating.
Abating, lowering, beating down the price (of any thing).
A Js ihbal, (iv of J) Being deprived of offspring. Being
quick, Speedy, hasty. Oppressing any one (fat).
A&l hibat, (pl. of cl ihb) Skins, raw untanned hides.
A&s uhhat, (Warlike) apparatus. 3. S & He took
the apparatus of the thing, i.e. he made himself master of it.
Ars ahbar, (A camel) full of flesh.
A 3r ahbirat, (pl. of r habir) The lowest parts of moun
tails, low-lying grounds, valleys. ing, defrauding, diminishing. Withholding part of another's due.
Ps hbanyabah, Yawning, gaping. A 33-slihtif, A humming or buzzing in the ear. The re
A t ihbink, (III of 8 q) Sitting with the thighs fulgence of vapours caused by the reflection of the sun, which
joined together, and the legs diverging from each other.
Ai hat, (as alhat or 3, awwal), Showing signs of grief,
pronouncing Ah! alas! -3 ' (or t 9) Evil to you!
207 c-3)
A us! ahta-a, Hump-backed.
Ayus! ihtr, (iv of Ps) Being delirious, talking incoherently,
(from folly, indisposition, or old age).
furious and ungovernable (a stallion). Falling down. -
A cs) ihtibd, (v11.1 of Ars) Boiling colocynth-seeds.
A 3'-s' ihtibz, (v111 of 3-8) Hastening, running, flying.
Aj ihtibr, (v11.1 of ~) Amputating with a sword.
A L ihtibsh, (v111 of J) Being assembled, convened.
A U2'-s' ihtibs, (v11.1 of La) Laughing immoderately.
Hastening.
A Jlihtibal, (v111 of Js) Providing for the wants of a
family. Watching for an opportunity. Deceit, machination, plot.
A Js' ihtitash, (v11.1 of Ut) Being irritated (a dog).
A\sus' ihtij, (v11.1 of >) Satirizing one another.
Az ihtijaj, (v11.1 of g hajja) Insolence, exorbitancy.
A Jus ihtijl, (v111 of J) Inventing, innovating.
A als ihtijam, (v11.1 of ***) Milking (the udder) dry.
A eus ihtijan, (v11.1 of c) Being married (a girl).
A \,x s! ihtid, (v111 of ss) Being directed the right way.
Taking the lead (a horse). Conducting (a bride to her husband).
A S&S ihtizz, (v11.1 of 38 hazza) Cutting off quickly.
A Ja ihtirash, (v111 of U,) Growling, fighting (dogs).
A {}^ ihtir, (v111 of {A) Breaking (aloe-wood).
Ajj as ihtisas, (v11.1 of j hazza) Being shaken, agitated.
Tumult, uproar. Exultation, joy. Setting (a star).
A 85- ihtizt, (v111 of & P) Being shaken (a tree), bran
dished (a sword), vibrated (a lance). Making haste.
A jas ihtizam, (v11.1 of A) Being broken with a crash (a
stick). Drying and bursting (a leathern bottle). Falling with
noise (rain). Making a noise when running (a horse). Slaugh
tering a sheep. Hastening to sacrifice a victim, or to do anything.
A J- ilitishash, (v11.1 of U.S hashsha) Courtesy, kindness.
A Jas" ilitishl, (v111 of Js) Taking (a camel) without
the owner's consent, and returning him when the journey is over.
A ** ihtisham, (v111 of **) Being broken (anything not
solid, as the nose, or the head). Milking (the udder) dry. Ap
plying (the mind) unwillingly to any pursuit.
Aj ihtisar, (v111 of ras) Being repulsed. Driving, re
pelling. Binding and training the branches (of a palm-tree), so
that the clusters (of dates) may hang conveniently.
A -\ia ihtizb, (v111 of -ie) Talking loud and much.
A J-i-A) ihtisaz, (v11.1 of L4B hazza) Breaking in pieces.
A ^\ies ihtizam, (VIII of A-35) Forcing, compelling. Injur
at a distance makes the Arabian deserts to resemble the ocean.
A {\as ihtikt, (v111 of 8-5A) Keeping (another) back from
any enterprize, and marring his success. Leaving any one for
 ~~}
S
a day and then returning (a fever). Making (a she-camel) lie
down. Changing colour.
A &s ihtikt, (v111 of t) Being modest, submissive.
A cks! ihtilh, (v111 of -->) Having its hairs or bristles
plucked out (an animal).
A clihtilk, (v11. of t) Exposing one's self to danger.
A Js' ihtilal, (v111 of JA halla) Shining with lightning (a
cloud). Exposing to view white teeth.
A cks ihtilm, (v111 of **) Carrying off. Going away.
A C) ahtam, Having the fore-teeth broken, or dropt out.
A zs ihtimaj, (v11.1 of **) Being debilitated, enervated
by the heat. Becoming flabby (the face).
A_\ ihtimr, (v111 of, ] Making (the ground) shake with
his feet (a horse). Running (a horse).
A J ihtimash, (v11.1 of U,) Mixing one with another,
tumultuously and with clamour. Creeping along (an animal).
A ks' ihtimt, (v111 of a) Taking immoderately of any
thing, seizing, plundering. Injuring the reputation of another.
A ***ihtim, (viii of 8-s) Being changed (colour).
A $ ihtimgh, (v111 of s) Being fractured (the skull).
Ilcaling, getting well (a wound).
A. uts ** hamma) Being oppressed with
ihtimam, (v11.1 of
cares. Turning over momentous affairs in the mind. Solicitude,
anxiety. Effort, endeavour. Favour.
r 5* was ihtimm-band, An account specifying the num
ber of Pergunnahs and the names of the Zamndrs in a province.
rje cs' ihtimm-dr, An under-collector of revenue who
acts on commission from a Zamndr. A responsible person.
A \ ihtin-a, (v111 of **) Managing well (property).
AJ';*) ihtiwar, (v111 of y) Falling down, going to ruin.
r & ahtah, Drawn out (a sword).
A -->) ihtiyb, (v111 of z) Fearing.
A zs ihtiyaj, (VIII of) Being raised (dust).
A J** ihtiyz, (v11.1 of U2) Being broken again (a bone).
A s ihtiy, (v11.1 of -iz") Suffering from thirst.
A. J ihtiyal, (v11.1 of J) Being terrified. Trembling.
A s ihtiym, (v11.1 of **) Seeing to, taking care of, self.
A\s ihj, (1v of 35) Composing satirical verses.
A sus ihj-a, (1v of \s) Feeding, giving to eat, satisfying
hunger. Paying (debts).
A cus*" ihjd, (1v of As) Sleeping. Causing to sleep. Find
ing asleep. Touching the ground with his neck (a camel).
AAs iljr, (1v of, s) Cutting, lopping, rescinding. Talk
ing deliriously. Speaking obscenely. Cursing, reviling, reproach
ing, laughing to scorn. Going abroad in the heat of the day.
A &\s ihjt, (1v of *-**) Satisfying hunger.
- A Jus ahjl, (pl. of J s hajl) Extensive and level plains,
especially between mountains. Ihal, (1v of J) Allowing to
208 _*\
travel slow (camels), Enlarging (anything). Losing or de
stroying (wealth). -
a cus* ahjn, (pl. of chajm) Cups, goblets, bowls. Iljin,
(1v of ***) Exhausting by milking. Quieting. Putting in a
stable (camels). Removing a distemper (God).
A ess ihjan, (1v of Js") Having many camels of a white !
.
and excellent kind. Giving a girl in marriage ere she has at
tained the age of puberty. Covering a young camel. th t
Ayss ahjar, More excellent, nobler. Longer. Broader.
A <2, s uhjuwwat (or --> uhjiyat), A satire.
* **, aljah, The point of an iron-spear.
A V-s injr, (.5, s ihjira', or 5,35 uhjurat.) Custom,
habit. Manner, state.
P
-
e-k ahikhtan, To intend, design, propose.
To unsheath,
draw (a sword). To hang. To weigh. To measure. To per
form, accomplish, educate, take care of, attend to.
P & k ahikhtah, Unsheathed, drawn (a sword).
A "*S ihd, (1v of 538) Offering, presenting. Sending.
Teaching, pointing out. Leading (a bride home to her husband).
A"As ahda-a, Curved, crook-backed.
A \,\! ihd-a, (1v of "As) Pacifying (a child, by patting it
gently, and making it sleep). Making decrepid (old age).
A --'As) ahdb, (pl. of ~\ hadab) Slender leaves of plants
somewhat resembling hair. Hairy or tufted branches (of palms).
(pl. of &as hudbat) Eye-lashes. Fringed edges of a garment.
Ihdb, (1v of ~AR) Having long hanging branches (a tree).
A_\xs ihdr, (1v of J&S) Permitting (blood) to be shed with
impunity.
A - "Asihd, (1v of 3.xs) Approaching near (to fifty years
of age). Looking down from an eminence. Being erected, ex
posed on an eminence (as a mark to shoot at). Flying, taking
refuge. Happening, befalling.
A clas' ahdm, (pl. of *** hidm) Worn or tattered (gar
ments). Mended, parched. Old (shoes or slippers). Decrepid
(men). Ihdam, (1v of ^**) Wanting the male (a she-camel).
A eles ihdn, (1v of JAS) Making lean (a horse).
A -->s ahdab, Having long eye-lashes.
Ajas' ahdar, Swollen, inflated (belly).
a Jes" ahdal, Long-lipped (camel).
A "&" insii, (iv of ***) Over-boiling, or otherwise dressing
meat, till the parts are dissolved.
A c" ihzb, (1v of ~&R) Proceeding expeditiously (in
walking, flying, or talking). Pouring forth rain rapidly (a cloud).
A_\&R! ihzr, (iv of J&R) Vain babbling, battology.
r_*) ahar, The seed of the ash-tree. Name of a place.
AJ ahar, (pl. of 3," aharat) Household goods.
Ays ahr, (pl. of 52 hury) Barns, granaries, magazines.
A sy's ihr-a, (1v of y)-Dressing (meat) till the flesh sepa"
rates from the bone. Being indisposed (from cold). Killing,
 _*)
g rk injuring, blasting. Growing cool (the evening). Making a long
oration in vain.
S. l, A -'A' ihrb, (iv of A) Compelling, urging, putting to
i!!!!, flight. Driving the dust (the wind). Travelling expeditiously,
quickening one's pace (from fear). Being deeply engaged.
fath A cl ahart, (pl. of 5A aharat) Household utensils.
t h i. - A z/A ihraj, (1v of g) Throwing a load upon a (camel's)
back, whilst he is on the move.
: Ay ihrr; (iv of 2 harra) Making (a dog) to bark or yelp.
Calling sheep (to water).
- APA ahrt, (pl. of b hirt) Aged (she-camels).
A &A ihrt, (1v of & 2) Opening a door. Making the
clear, Pointing a spear at an enemy. Going, walking, travel
f ling fast. Trembling (from rage, fear, fever, or debility).
T A Alihr; (iv of -5,-) Increasing in wealth.
A JA ihrk, (1v of J,) Pouring out (water).
A *A ahrm (or al ahrm), (pl. of ys haram) The
Pyramids of Egypt, on account of their great antiquity; having
been built, according to the almost general opinion of the Mu
hammadans, before the creation of Adam, by Jn bin Jn, who
"**PPosed to be the universal monarch of the world in the
*ges Preceding the existence of the father of mankind. By some
Persians, however, who do not acknowledge this Jn bin Jn,
they are considered as the stupendous works of Adam himself.
Ihrm, (iv of ) Making decrepid, enfeebling.
Fe)A thrn, A hatchet, an adze, an axe.
A 5A aharat, Household furniture, utensils. A good condi
tion. A form, a figure, a shape.
A es ahrat (or 9A) ahrad), Wide-mouthed (lion).
p *A ahram, A pestle.
A &A ihrimmt, (iv of sts, Q) Walking quickly. Being
swift, agile. Being contentious. Feigning to weep.
g
re hiraman (J-A ahiraman, er hiriman, or
}
w ), Leading into wickedness. A seducer. A demon,
s a spirit. A giant, satyr. The principle of Evil, in opposition to
Ormuzd, the Principle of Good. The old Persian poems and
"mances relate many wonderful fictions concerning the moun
"i" of Ahiraman, where all the demons were supposed to assem
* in order to receive orders from their prince, and then fly
to the different corners of the world, scattering discord and ca
le.
lamity wherever they shaped their course. Firds, the Homer
of Persia, in his Shh-nmah, describes one of his heroes, when
s going to fight with Ahiraman, as arming himself with all sorts of
w
charms and preservatives against his enchantments. (This great
work, it may be here observed, was written about a century be
re the first Crusade; and it is not at all improbable that some
dismembered passages may have furnished many of those wild
ideas of enchanted romance, which after that period overspread
5? the European world.) See 929, Ormuzd. -
M * Qy ahran (or J hzan), Naphtha, a kind of very in
209. c
flammable bituminous substance, gathered from the surface of
water, of a clear pale yellow colour.
A J%Al ihriyk, The effusion of water.
**Alth-i-a, (iv of j) Impelling, driving (cattle). Bear
ing, and exposing one's self to, intense cold.
A z ihzj, (1v of g?) Writing in zj) al hazaj verse.
A J'A' ihzk, (1v of J) Laughing much. -
A Jj! ihsl, (1v of JP) Emaciating. Having lean cattle.
Finding one playing, jesting, idle.
A & A ahsaa: The last arrow in the quiver (whether unused
from its badness, or reserved for its excellence till some critical
way
occasion). * ALA) 3 Le There is nobody in the house.
P Jj ahsin, Now, at present. Uhsan, A barren woman.
A U-sahs, Astonished (men).
P J-si (this tag?,
Lenity, gentleness, softness. Languor,
slowness, deliberation. e--s To speak in a whisper.
P & St histah, Soft, tender, delicate, gentle, smooth. Grave,
modest, quiet. Tame, gentle. Going softly. Slowly, by de
grees, step by step, softly. Whisperingly, in a low voice, piano.
&-si -cik A whisper. eaks -si J** sakhun-i histah
gtan, To whisper, to speak a word in the ear.
P s &s histah-ra-'y, Wise, skilful, learned.
*...*- instal-r, Walking gently slow-paced.
A J ihshl, (iv of J-A) Lending (a horse) without, or
against, the consent of the owner.
A\as ahs, Strong, intrepid, brave, gallant, bold. Wehement,
violent, severe, rigorous. Avaricious.
A\ is ahz, Crowds, bodies of men.
A ---is ahzb, (pl. of -- hixab) Rains (when the drops are
large). Ihsab, (1v of -5-8) Being verbose. Speaking loud.
A Ji ihsl, (iv of Jis) Raining abundantly. Breaking
(a pitcher) against the side of a well.
A ' is ahrm, (pl. of ~ is hazm and ris hism) Low, ex
tensive grounds. Bottoms of vallies. se'." ^\ia), J!!" at
layla wa ahzma'l wadi, The night and the deep valley (i. e.
Take care of the night and places of danger) : Ihzm, (1v of
ris) Shedding the fore-teeth (cattle). -
A ris' ahzam, Conspicuous. Having thick fore-teeth.
A as ahatt, (A camel) travelling well, and patient of labour,
A &\las ihtt, (1v of seas) Stretching out the neck, hanging
the head and travelling fast (a camel).
A \ks'ahfa, Fools, coxcombs, simpletons.
A Solihk, (iv of J) Corrupting (in morals).
r f ahak, Quick-lime, plaster, cement. Ointment com
pounded of quick-lime and arsenic (used in the baths, in order to
pull up hairs by the roots). *, +37 ahak-i siyah, A kind of
strong cement. 39.2 .<<s ahak-i sadaf, Shell-lime.
A G ahk, Astonished, stupified (people).
A t ahkk, (pl. of Ks hakk) Labouring in mind.
2 E
 UA)
AJST hil, A place where the domestics live.
*A Js ahala, (fut. Jya-hilu or ya-hulu) He married.
>kA Js ahila, (fut. Jya-hilu) He associated with.
A Jalahl, People (belonging to any particular person, place,
order, or profession). An inhabitant. A family. A lord, a
master. A husband. A spouse. A domestic. An appurte
nance. Worthy, fit, apt. Capable, skilful. Endowed with,
\{i\,\!Mahl-i ittik, The faithful, pious servants of
possessed of.
God. 'y) Js ahl-i idrk, Intelligent, sagacious. Jl
J ahlul arz, Demons. T Jalahl-i Iznik, A citizen
of Nice. A 2). Js ahl-i islm, A true believer, an orthodox
man. 3!" Jalahlu's sunnat, An observer of the law, a Mu
sulmn. One who is circumcised. 4) J ahlu'llah, People
of God, religious mendicants. ev) Js' ahl-i i-mn, A be
liever. J Js ahl-i batin, Contemplative, pious, spiritual.
210 UA)
eminent, distinguished. J J ahl-i shikk, Seditious, ini
mical. *S* Jalahl-i shawkat, Great, powerful. * ..J'
ahl-i shuhud, A professor of religion. Holy, inspired. t JA,
ahl-i safa, Pure in heart. A voluptuary. JM-3 J* ahl-i za
ll, An infidel, a heretic. --e", Jahl-i ttat, Obedient to
God, faithful. & J'ahl-itabkah, Unobservantofthe precepts
of Muhammad. 5% Jalahl-i tir, Noble. &A ..J'ahl-ita
rk, An observer of the laws of Muhammad. A.Js ahl-i zahir,
Hypocrites, having only the external appearance of piety or
goodness. -3- JA ahl-i tazb, The damned. Je J
ahl-i &irfn, Learned, scientific. --5,- ..J'ahl-i turfat, Ar
tificers, artisans. Jie Jl ahl-i tukal, Prudent, judicious.
* JA) ahl-i film, Learned. zle Js ahl-i ilm-i rakam,
Skilled in arithmetic. C Ale JA ahl-i film-i kalm, An
orator, rhetorician. c--- Js film-i mantik, A lo
ahl-i

ra, Js ahl-i basirat, Provident, prudent, sagacious, pe gician. **** ..J'ahl-i &ilm-i nujm, An astronomer, astro
netrating. Us Js ahl-i baghy, Wicked, tyrannical. P.J.A loger. <--S, Age Js' ahl-i ahd waximmat, Tributary. JM
<! ahl-i bahisht, The blessed, the inhabitants of paradise, &ze ahl-i tiyafat, Soothsayers. Je Js ahl-i tiyl, The
A c-.J'ahl-i bayt (P &\s-J'ahl-i khnah), People of the father of a family. J Js ahl-i ghadr, Fraudulent, perfi
house, domestics. Pr Js" ahl-iparhz, Continent, abstinent. dious. --!>< ,Jalah-i ghazyt, Vagrants. J ..J'ahl-i
A ra, J ahl-i tasawwuf. Contemplative. An anchorite, a firsh, Bedridden. 3.-3 Js) ahl-i fasad, A scoundrel, a villain,
hermit. xx; Js ahl-i tazaddi, Unjust, wicked, cruel. A a wretch. 4.3 JA) all-i kiblah, Knowing which way to turn
tyrant. J- Js ahl-i tafsir, A doctor in theology, a com in prayer. J JM ahlu'l kubur, (Inhabitants of the tomb)
mentator on holy writ. L Js ahl-i takwa (or & J Js the dead. &A ..J'ahl-i karyat, A villager. , Us" ahl-i
ahl-i mutawarrie), Pious, devout, religious. t; Js' ahl-i kalam, A scribe. PJ's JR) ahl-i kr, A workman, clerk. A JA
tawzut, Submissive. ev-Js) ahl-ijameat, A member
- ahl-i kitb, A learned man, a doctor in theology. Jews
of the community. --~~ Js ahl-ijannat, The blessed, the and Christians. Js" ahl-i karam, Liberal, generous, mu
inhabitants of paradise. *-i- Js ahl-ijahannam, The damned.
nificent. J ahl-i kalam, Eloquent; an orator. P J.J-
J- Js' ahl-i hl, Skilled or conversant in the state of things.
ahl-i kin, An enemy. A U-s Js" ahl-i majlis, Assistants, as
-\s JMahl-i hijab, Veiled. Bashful, modest. -j- Jl
sessors. Members of good society, courtiers. 4-s J*
ahl-i hirfat (or --~~ J ahl-i sanaat), An artificer. Js
ahl-i muhsabah, Skilled in accounts. A s Js' all-imahshar,
9:43 c-ahl-i hakk wa yakin, Wise, contemplative, pious.
Those who rise at the day of judgment. Je, Mahl-i madar,
--~~~.J'ahl-i hikmat, Wise, philosophical. A performer of The Arabs who inhabit cities. 3); -- Js ahl-i mashwarat,
wonders or miracles. 5- ..J'ahl-i khubrat, A censor, critic,
connoisseur. JJ) J ahlu'd dar, (People of the house) do
A counsellor, an adviser. 3,,Js ahl-i matrifat, Learned.
mestics. F" Je Jahl-i dinish-i intibh, Cautious and Possessed of the knowledge of God. J.-- Js" ahl-imatna',
vigilant. Jye JA ahl-i dariin, Confidants. Je Js ahl-i Spiritual, intellectual. &c.,JN ahl-i Makkah, An inhabitant
dukkan, A shop-keeper. J- Js ahl-i dil (or Js J dil of Mecca. ~---,0s ahl-i munjt, Attending to prayer,
ahli), Brave, spirited, generous. A e J'ahl-i duny, Inha supplicating God. J.-- Js" ahl-i manzil, A household. Js
biting the world, worldly. J:- Js' ahl-i dawl, A monied man. --~~~ ahl-i mansab, A minister, an official man. ja J
ahl-i nazr, Perspicacious, seeing clearly. p <!-- Js ahl-i
ex- Js ahl-i diwan, A counsellor of state, senator, minister.
nishast, Hermits, dervishes. A * Js ahl-i natim, The inha
A. JA ahl-i zikr, Conversant with the scriptures. J J
ahl-i zaick, Addicted to pleasure, a voluptuary. U-, Js ahl-i bitants of paradise, the blessed. J ,JN) ahl-i niak, Perfi
raja, A supplicant, expectant. J-7| JM ahlu'r rajul, Neigh dious, impious. U Js ahl-i nafs, Sensualists. &a Js
bours. Domestics. Js' ahl-i samn, Observant of, con ahl-i nakesat, Vicious. _r > Js' ahl-i wabar, The Scenite
forming to, the times. P c-; Jalahl-i zamin, Inhabiting the Arabs, who dwell in tents. J, Js" ahl-i wakr, Grave, ma
earth. A y; ; *j.J.s ahl-i zuhd wa warat, Pious, devout, jestic, dignified. 355, J.S. ahl-i wuki, Skilful. As Jl
self-denying. <2,\** J ahl-i sakhawat, Liberal, munifi h had (or s hada'), Following the right way, orthodox,
cent. --~~.Js' ahl-i siyhat, A traveller. & P ..J'ahl-i P_* J ahl-i humar, Virtuous. Skilful. A\;= Js' ahl-i haz,
share, A legislator, a lawyer. 3,3, ..J'ahl-i shara, Noble, Licentious, libertine. *Js J29 rzgr-ahli, Knowing the
 * 211.
world, skilful. Js j;" sz-ahli, An eloquent speaker, an
orator, rhetorician. Js le tlam-ahli, An inhabitant of the
globe, a citizen of the world. Js &l; kalaat-ahli, The gar
rison, the inhabitants of the castle.
AJM ahil, Inhabited, populous. -
A 'ls ahlan (an adverb of supplication), God be with you!
Heaven bless you! welcome. It is often used with a pronoun,
a substantive, a verb, or with another verb, the meaning being
nearly synonimous; as, << *\s' A blessing go with you; *\S)
J's Peace be in this house; "s' c-! Welcome; *re 2 '
Welcome and welcome.
A -slihlb, (iv of -->) Continuing his speed (a horse).
Ags ihlaj, (1v of **) Hiding, concealing.
A Ls ihlas, (1v of v) Concealing any thing said or of ~ hamma) Rendering solicitous, keeping in suspense.
done. Ridiculing slily. Talking in a whisper.
A cls ihlak, (1v of s) Ruining, destroying. Selling.
Ruin, destruction, perdition, murder. P cu- ...t slihlk-i
nafi kardan, To restrain the passions, conquer the desires.
A Js ihll; (iv of JA halla) Contemplating (the new moon).
Beginning to shine or appear (the new moon). Observing the
beginning of the month. Beginning (a month). Raising the
vice, crying (as a child). Pronouncing the word t lab
"ka), I am obedient to thee. Invoking God by saying -
4. In the name of God (when sacrificing or consecrating any
animal). Rolling the tongue about the mouth, when thirsty, in
order to collect some moisture.
A J- Js' ahllu kusta', A kind of shrub, the root of which
has an aromatic spicy smell.
A. s ahlab, Hairy, bristly. Rainy. Plentiful (year).
-l A tail docked, without hair; also, abounding with hair.
*-s ahlabb, (in ancient Persian) Heaven, paradise.
A * thlat, (a noun of unity) One people.
A &ls thillat, (pl. of Js hilal) New moons (especially on
the first nights of their appearance). Nobles. Heaps of stones.
*A* * -s ahhalaka allahu tl khayri, God bless you.
A ~}s hw. A species, kind, sort. A mode, manner (of
speaking). Fraud. Delay. Ornament, beauty. Riches.
A J ahy, Domestic, tame, gentle.
A-s) ahliyat, Worthiness. Aptitude. Ability. Possession.
A*| ihlilaj, The myrobalan-tree, a kind of citron. *
J Chebulic myrobalans. <\s Myrobalan-trees.
A *s ahliyah, A wife.
* *
** ahamm, More or most important, or necessary.
2x alumn- mar, The most important things. r_j\s **)
, ahamm-i kr, An affair of consequence.
s: A sus' ahm-a, (pl. of *** him-a) Worn-out clothes.
AAAS) ihm-a, (1v of us) Tearing, wearing (a garment).
j Aeus ihmt, (iv of c-AN) Laughing or speaking low.
c)
A z) ihmaj, (1v of **) Straining every nerve, running
at full gallop. Concealing, hiding.
A cus! ihmd, (1v of ~s) Remaining quiet in a place. Pro
ceeding expeditiously. Running hastily (to victuals). Pacifying.
Causing to rest or remain. Keeping silence (with regard to any
thing disagreeable).
A cus inmk, (iv of cl) Rage. Diligence, attention.
A.Jus' ihml, (1v of JAS) Deferring, intermitting, letting
alone. Allowing (camels) to pasture without a keeper. (in
gram.) Depriving aletter of its vowel. Negligence, carelessness,
indifference, indolence. Impediment. Delay.
A Jus! ihmlan (p &\t\), Carelessly, intermittingly.
A *** ahmam, (pl. of ** himm) Frail old men. Ihmm, (iv
***) ahmar, A jackall.
P.A.Abl ahmand, A liar.
A exes
uhmm, Having a large head.
P &A's) ahamah, A piece, a portion. Deficient, defective.
re," ahan, Iron. se-3 J A rusty sword. --> .e."
(or , les), Male iron or steel. ~~~ .e." (or * J),
A plough-share. 9- .e." (Cold iron) The human heart. .e."
e=}} 9- To beat cold iron. (met.) To engage in any unprofi
table business. J*) Soft iron.
A U.S. ihn-a, (1v of ts) Giving, bestowing.
A JU.S. Ahmad, (pl. of ~s Hind) Hindas (a woman's name).
A J--> Ahnas, Name of a village in Egypt.
rej es ahan-ashyn, A thimble.
A ss) ihnaf, (1v of -8.5) Making haste. Smiling ironi
cally (a female). Beginning to cry (a child).
A Jl es ahinul mal, Patrimony, paternal inheritance.
r & U.S. ahnmah, Disgrace, ignominy. Pomp, ostentation.
Self-commendation. Fortune.
Love. Transitory, evanescent.
A. Js' ihnn, (1v of c hanna) Making fat and strong.
P & Vs ahanbnah, The neck. The back part of the neck,
P *West ahan-bayah, A yawning, a gaping.
P.J. es ahan-bur, A robber, a thief, a house-breaker.
P * es ahan-payah, The foot of a roasting-jack or spit.
p_ e ahan-tar, A sword having an undulating surface.
P *" hanj, Casting, throwing, flinging, hurling. Extracting,
drawing (a sword, &c.). Peace, safety. A smith's forceps.
Tweezers. A tooth-picker. The wick of a candle, the match of
a lamp. Short straw, chaff. A rope made of the fibres of the
palm-tree : a gun-rope. The hoop of a barrel, &c. A hair-fillet
(worn by women). Drink, a draught. Nil, A kind of light soil
that flies up from brass and sticks to the roofs of work-houses.
Peace, safety. Concord, harmony. A design, intention, reso
lution. A commencement.
PJerisi ahanjangdan, To cause to drink.
re- e ahan-jn, Hard-hearted. Tried in adversity.
2 E 2
 c)
p *is hanjad, A windlass, a capstan.
P s ahanjalugh, Pressure. A trampling under foot.
r &sus' ihanjah (or &ust ahanchah), An iron ring. The
knocker of a door. A hoop or ring, made either of iron or wood.
A weaver's comb for keeping the threads distinct; also a similar
instrument made use of by rope-makers. A rope, by means of
which weavers fix to the wall or roof of the work-shop the ex
treme threads of the web, when near finished, and too short to
be fastened to the beam.
P Js ahanjidan, To swim. To drink. To efface. To
corrupt. To be in the agonies of death. To be vexed. To peel,
to skin. To drag. To fling. To weigh. To gain. To adorn.
P Js ahan-khay, A bravo, a bully. A strong horse.
A 2-s Ahnud, (pl. of A.S Hind) Hindas (a woman's name).
r Je e ahan-dil, Brave, fearless, intrepid.
P &as ahan-dg, An iron cauldron.
P by es ahan-ruba, Attracting iron; a magnet, a loadstone.
* -9 e ahan-rag (or ce-), A strong horse.
* * e." ahan-say, A file. An iron coal-rake.
A t ahnat, (An ostrich) having the neck contracted and
bent. (A horseman) nodding from side to side.
P t es ahan-kaba, A coat of mail.
P Js ahan-kash, Attracting iron; a magnet, a loadstone. quagmires, into which one easily sinks. Flocks of sheep, espe
r = <s hang, Concord, symphony, harmony, modulation, cially when numerous and tumbling one over the other. Ahwar
melody, martial music. Echo. Design, institution, purpose,
intention. Rule, custom, manner of proceeding. An attri
bute, a quality. A row, a series. The brink (of a well). An
arched edifice. A tether, a stable, a stall. Haste, expedition.
Behold ! jus- ~s A kind of music introduced into Persia
from Arabia. J- ] To draw up in order of battle,
to clear, or make ready for an engagement. J <s To
sound, resound, to make a noise, to cry aloud. To sing. To
tune an instrument. To prepare for, to undertake (a journey,
&c.). east-A f To prepare for flight. <&sy
Stretching out (as a lion when going to spring). U-7 2--:
ce f A flaming sword, a sword striking fire. -
rs dhan-gw, A plough-share.
P ss ahangh, Then, after.
PJs ahan-gar, A blacksmith.
p Js hang?, Consonance, harmony.
P Js hangidan, To intend, to design, to propose. To
draw, tear, pull off, peel, or skin. To swim, to float. To break.
r f hnu, Seeds, grains. A scare-crow. Ahnu (or \,f
hnuw), Provisions carried to working people.
r2:- uhnbar (or c-s), A stalk. A cluster of grapes.
*Js' ahnukhawsh?, The fourth class, that of the ar
tizans, instituted by Jamshed. -
P ex hnd, The first of the five days added to the Persian
year, to make their twelve months, of thirty days each, equal to
a solar year.
212 _2)
r & T hanah, An iron ring. See &is hanjah.
A J* ahnaya', More or most digestible.
P J-7 hani, Made of iron.
r & ST ahunybah, A yawning, a gaping.
rer hanin, Iron, made of iron.
P &W cl hanin-panjah, Iron-clawed. Oppressive.
P e-e- ahanin-jn, Inured to distress. Cruel.
*X-J-7 ahanin-jigar, Cruel. Intrepid, courageous.
re-s-e-T ahanin-khaftan, A cuirass of iron.
p Lcl hamin-dsh, Strong, stout, sturdy.
J-5 e-T ahann-kursi, An anvil.
P
* 239-7 ahan?n-kamar, A brave soldier, a veteran.
p f ah, A vice, fault, defect, stain, spot, villainy. Elope
ment, flight. An exclamation, a cry for help. An asthma. A
deer. A beautiful eye. A mistress. <&;s hu guzasht,
The doe (i. e. the beautiful nymph) is gone.
A '' ahw, (pl. of s haira') Loves, desires, affections. Ihic
(1v of s) Falling, descending from a height. Throwing, hurl
ing down. Holding a sword in a menacing posture. Stretching
forth the hand to receive any thing, or to beckon to any one.
r_j's ahtcar, Stupor, astonishment. Astonished.
Ajs) ahwr, (pl. of Js hur) Pools, ditches, marshes, or
(or 3"> Ahwaz), Name of a great city in Khzistan (Susiana).
AJs' ahwl, (pl. of J hawl) Terrors, dangers, frightful
things. P Js', 2,3- safar-i pur ahwal, A dangerous journey.
Pe);s ahwn, A fawn. The nape of the neck. A miner.
P &\;= ahwnd (or &\;= ahwnah), The first of the five
supplemental days added to the Persian year.
p Js Ahwy, Name of a town on the river Oxus. -
P f h-barah, A fawn, of a shy species. & 32;"
ahu-bara-i falak, The sign Aries. The sun.
F *T ahu-bazm, A president or a guest at a banquet.
P s;s h-pay, Swift-footed. A house of an hexagonal
form. A parlour to which you ascend by a winding staircase.
A **) ahwaj, Tall. Foolish, precipitate.
A ahwad, The old Arabic name of Monday.
P_3^T hwar, A beloved object. Name of a city.
P ys' huri or hr, Mustard-seed.
rj;f Ahwaz, Name of a celebrated archer.
A U-> ahicas, Consuming, devouring. Jy", Jy J-2
L-> annasu hawsa' wax'2amnu ahwasu, Men consume (the
fruits of the earth) and time devours (them). -
P Ls Ahosh, (in ancient Persian) A proper name.
P Js ahagn, (pl. of f hu) Fawns.
P J;s hill, A vice, a defect. A subterraneous passage.
A Js' ahwal, More or most terrible. J:s U. mi ahwala, 0
how dreadful! Uhill, (from Js") Marrying a wife. Becoming
familiar with, or accustomed to, anything. -
 J)
rle f hu-mdah, A doe, a hind, a gazel.
peye ahun, A cavern, grotto, pit, mine, or any subterraneous
place. A hole in a wall, especially one made by a house-breaker.
A thief, a robber, a house-breaker. A sapper, a miner.
*Js ahwan, Easy, smooth. Despicable, contemptible. More
or most easy. An old Arabic name for Monday.
A ls ahwinii, (pl. of c hayyin) Quiet. Despicable.
rl hn-bur, A house-breaker. A miner. A well-digger.
pl h-warah (for l h-barah), A fawn. Joining one thing with another. Ayy, Whoever, whosoever,
pl hurci, Belonging to a fawn. Fawn-like.
A<> ahwa', Dearer, more agreeable (to me than aught
beside). Name of a mountain.
A &;" ahwiyat, (pl. of l hawa) Airs, atmospheres. (pl. of
hatra') Loves, desires, affections. Uhwiyat, A very low
it. lying place, a deep valley, a pit, a cavern.
re-s ahuw-i chin, The China or musk-deer.
r- ls hw-i khwari, The sun. The Emperor of house When the same noun that is governed by ay y also
China.
"cj Js ahuw-i zarin, A golden goblet. The sun.
**- f huw-i siyah, The black antelope.
re--s huw-i simin, A handsome page clad in white.
P Jz f huw-i shar-afgan, (The lion-subduing fawn)
The eye of a mistress. A cup-bearer, a page.
r & f huw-i falak, The world-illuminating sun.
* J J- ahuw-i kasz budan, To be taken prisoner.
P J * f ahuw-i mandah giritan, To oppress.
P} f dhuis-i nar, A buck. A dappled sky.
p Js hu-i, Terror, fright. Vice.
* A h, (in ancient Persian) A fawn.
PA ffihi, A sigh, sighing. Ho! hark-ye! hola! have a care
Name of a man. A **, * *\s ahyan sharhyan, (Cabalis
tical words, implying) O living, O eternal (God)
p Js ahyan, The crown of the head, the hinder part of the
head, the hollow part of the neck below the hind-head.
*** alynah, The skull. The throat. The jaws. One
side of the head.
P Jss' ahekhtan, To intend, design, propose. To hang,
*Pend, weigh. To draw (a sword). To educate, cherish,
maintain, take care of. To be able to perform, accomplish, or
finish. To measure.
P &\si ahekhtah, Extracted. Educated. Intended.
'A' illis, Modestly. Slowly softly stop! halt!
*u- ahyas, Bold, strong, strenuous.
A t ahyagh, Fertile, plentiful (year). J) al ahya
Sni, (du.) Meat and drink. Food and matrimony. The con
Yeniences of life, abundance of good things. Plenty (of water).
"G ahyak, Long-necked.
a J-s ahyal, Spread, scattered (sand).
A * ahyam, Dark, starless (night). Thirsty (camel).
213 \\
A Js' ahyamni, (dual) A torrent, and an ungovernable
camel.
re-si ahin (for e." ahan), Iron. -
r l y (from e amadan), Come. Coming. A comer.
p slay, O! ho! holla! As Ju O great God!
A s' av, That is, to wit, viz. O (vocative particle). I, Yes,
ay, indeed, certainly. Ayy (for awy), Taking a house.
Receiving or carrying to a house. Going to dwell in any place.
whatsoever, any one, such as it is. Who? which what? It
is construed as a substantive, and is followed either by the geni
tive or the affixed pronouns; as Jy ayyu rajulin, What
ever man; or what man : ayyukum, Any of you; or, which
of you ? ec- ayya hinin, In whatever time; or, in what
time : , - li ayyi sababin, On whatever account; or, on
what account : J'N' 3 **) ayyuhum fi' d dari, Who is in the
precedes, it implies something indefinite; as J-2 <-2 ro
Jy marartu bi rajulin wa ayyu rajulin, I passed a man; but
what man (I do not know); or, by way of admiration; as s
s}} * wakata bala-un, wa ayyu bala-in, Trouble befel
(him), but such trouble! Ayy, The vocative O ! A particle of
calling, Ho! do you hear? hark-ye 1 hola have a care!
P |T y, Strange . Whether or not is it not Hola! Have
a care Fit to be eaten. (from e amadan) Coming.
A \,\ ay, The last spring-month. Brave, warlike. Uy, Ras
cally, cowardly.
A \,\ av, O! ho! hola have a care : &\s", t ayka
wa'l mukhlafat, Beware lest thou contend. Ayy or y, is
also a pleonastic particle prefixed to personal pronouns; as
iyya, Me. A yka, Thee. s ivhu, Him. U.S.'" iy
kum, You two. Vas ivhum, Them two. S Ivn, Us.
iykum, You. \\ivhum, Them; and are governed by
Ryaka natbudu, Thee
the verb, either following, as M
we adore; or preceding, as A -, * caraba iyka, He beat
thee. When the action operates upon the agent, it becomes
equivalent to U-j, as --, zarabtu 7 yya', I beat myself.
A .. aya-a, (a/ya-a, iya-a or iy-a), Light, brightness.
The splendour of the sun.
A -\,\ ib, A return, a conversion. Iyab or iyyab, The
setting of the sun. Iyyb, A leathern bottle.
A J avbis, (pl. of U- aybas, Legs (especially the fore
parts of them), dry, hard, without flesh. Dry-legged. Hard
substances, upon which they prove swords.
A ..." yat, (pl. of &T yat), Signs, miracles. Verses of
the Kur'an. Persons, individuals, c-c cl Verses which
may be interpreted in various ways. ~~~~<s." .<2\" Incontro
vertible verses, such are not ambiguous.
A s ayt or iyt, Splendour (of the planets).
 \\ 214
A civd, Whatever preserves, defends, or protects. A for
tification, castle, asylum. The bark of a tree. A veil, a curtain.
Air, ether, atmosphere. Mounds of clay or earth raised round
tents, houses, or cisterns, to keep out, or hold in, water. The
right or left wing of an army (both wings are called le's'."
iydni). A hill or large heap (of sand). A great number of
camels. Ayyad, Name of a tribe.
A sel) iwdat, (iv of A) Assistance, corroboration.
A sel) ayd, (pl. of & yad) Hands. Benefits, favours.
A **) aydm, The surface of the earth. (pl. of &le;)
i-dmat), Hard grounds without stones. -
A_\" dyr, (pl. of 2) ayr) Veretra.
rj ayar, Is it not? Computation.
Aj avr, Brass, mountain-brass, orichalchum.
a j iyr, ('Ang) Air, atmosphere.
Aj. ayyr, A Syro-Macedonian month, answering to May.
G z iyaraj (or *\"), (Isg) An aperient medicine.
r sej ayridah and 893- khurdah, Two books of the Magi,
Prsi, Guebres, or disciples of Zardusht. The first is a general
commentary on all the books of this legislator; and the other,
an explanation of every particular treatise. The Magi believe
their lawgiver to be the patriarch Abraham, who, they say, re
ceived the name of Zardusht (or friend of fire) after he came
safe out of Nimrod's furnace; and that he instituted the worship
of fire in commemoration of his delivery. The European his
torians, however, place the era of this philosopher much later than
Abraham, and consider him as the same person known to the
Greeks by the name of Zoroaster.
ayr-gir, An accountant.
p 9'." ayarah, A gauntlet, a glove, a bracelet. A medicine.
A register. Quantity. Space. Number. Measure.
A 5j! uriy, Magno veretro praeditus.
pj' Ayz, Name of a favourite of Sultn Mahmd.
P ayazz (or J- ayas?), A woman's veil.
AJ-\! Ayas, Name of a town in Cilicia, Issus. Iyas, Despair.
Name of a companion of Muhammad. Name of a judge, who
was so excellent a physiognomist, that he discovered the guilt or
innocence of prisoners by their looks; hence the proverb L-A)
J cr afras min Iys, Better physiognomist than Iys; and
&-\} *],3 firsatuliyasiyat, implies physiognomy, or the con
jecture of Iyas.
A -) iwsat, (1v of v') Causing one to despair.
p *~k." iysaram, The fourth period consisting of thirty days,
in which the trees were created (according to the cosmogony of
the ancient Persians). See Hyde de Rel. vet. Pers.
r 4-' asah, Desire, wish. A ring. A hook, a grapnel.
A e-g aysin, (pl. of e- zsn for J- insan) Men.
A re! ayasir, (pl. of, a.) aysar) Short ropes with which the
lower parts of tents are fastened to the stakes.
-A
A J avtil, (pl. of Ja avtal) Those parts of the belly
and sides under the short-ribs, the hypochondria.
P aygh, A mountain.
P &\\ aygh, A cup, a drinking vessel. Illustrious. Glory,
dignity. A gift, charity. Pity. An easy passage or course.
r 37 yt, A coarse cloth. A torn garment.
p J ayak, A cup. Dignity. A gift. Pity.
A 5") ivyka, Begone! Take heed! Beware!
A J" ayal (from J."), Returning. Arriving. Becoming.
Thickening. Administrating, disposing with propriety.
A --!\!\ ilat (from J."), Governing. Dominion, prefec
ture, administration, rule. ~!\!\ . husn-i iwalat, Good go
Wernment. P e.9% " ivlat kurdan, To govern.
P ayam (for *'." awam), Debt. A root. -
A ayam or yn. A disease peculiar to a camel. Smoke.
Iyam (from *"), Making a smoke. Destroying bees by fumi
gation. Taking honey from a hive. -
A ayyam, (pl. of *::/awm) Days.
Times, seasons. Wind,
weather. J- The dog-days. J-c .* The ten days'
festival at the Muharram. ~~~~...~". Three days after slay
ing the sacrifices at Mecca. <^*.**) The ten first days of
Z'ul hajjah. re '" Changeable times, untoward cir
cumstances. -je.* z Holidays allowed at a marriage. A us
*''' Ban? Ayyam, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A vs "" ayan-m, (for \c \ *"). Of whatever name.
A er ayamin, (pl. of e.'
ayman) Prosperous, successful.
(pl. of c, yamin) Right sides.
A c ayama' (or ayayim), (pl. of ~ ayyim) Widows.
Single or unmarried women.
A er aymn, (pl. of ex yamin) Right hands or sides.
P e yan, (pl. of a y from e amadan) Comers.
A e." ayyna, When : \c e ayyna ma, Whensoever.
A \,\! in, Us.
A cl aynik, (pl. of 39 nkat) She-camels.
A J.'" a yawil, (pl. of J; awwal) Principals, chiefs.
A. s ayawn, (pl. of e): aywan) Galleries, porticoes.
A sl) iwhu, Him. S yah, Her. As ivhum, Them:
V, s 7 yahuma, Them two. es. yhunna, Them, (fem.).
A -s a yay, (pl. of &T yat) Signs. Verses of the Kur'an.
A 7 yaya", I, me.
A "*" ayy, Courage!
A2% Ayyir, Name of a place in the Hawrn (Syria).
A J avyil, (pl. of J) ivyal, uyyal or ayyul) Harts.
A **) ayayim, (pl. of ayyim) Widows.
A ayib, (part.) Returning. Turning towards.
A vli-b, (iv of l) Exciting disgust. Being broke. off.
A * 7b-a, (1v of t) Suffering from the plague. Making
a sign, pointing with the finger; beckoning for one to retire
(Clim being the word used when one is beckoned to approach).
The sign so made with the finger.
 <-2)
A clibd, (1v of A.) Separating (from the flock).
Aj' ibr, (iv of 23) Being hairy (a camel).
Au- ibs, (1v of U..) Drying. Withering. Producing
withered plants (ground). Inhabiting, or travelling through
such a country. Keeping a profound silence.
A U*. ibash, (1v of Utp) Hastening. (Ground) producing,
shooting forth (luxuriant and intangled plants or herbage).
A J ibs, (iv of va, 2) Shining or flashing (lightning).
Opening the eyes (a whelp) and glancing or glaring with them.
Abounding with herbage (grounds). Beginning to sprout from
the earth (grass). Producing flame, beginning to burn.
A J ibak, (iv of C) Destroying, ruining.
A Jl ibal, Herds, flocks, or flights (of camels, oxen, sheep,
or birds) especially when following one another in rows.
A s ibah, (1v of &;) Considering, understanding, perceiving,
turning the mind to. Taking care of.
A&T yibat, (pl. of awb) Returns. Repentances, con
versions. Tracts, parts. Agilities. Right ways. Clouds. Bees.
Angers. Winds. Intentions. Customs, manners.
A& aybat, A return. A foot.
A * abad, A plant, having a grain like barley, with which
they fatten cattle.
p & aybud, A spark of fire.
Av abas, Dry. The fore-part of the leg, hard and flesh
less. Dry-legged. A hard substance, used for proving swords.
r- i-basa, Many (men).
*ibak, An idol.
A Jr.' ibal, A christian monk.
A&T yut, A sign, a miracle. An individual, single person,
body. A verse of the Kurn, a passage in Scripture. Propin
quity, approaching time. A crowd, congregation, convocation,
congress, assembly. J-2) I The person of a man. &5 A.T
A verse of the Kurn. ... *U) al yatni (or J yatani), A J- 7tisak, (VIII of G-2) Being joined, connected, ar
The two verses, confessions or attestations, called re ash ranged. Being convened. Being completed, perfected.
shahdatni, as & J;-) *s 3 &\ } &\ } There is no god
but Gd, and Muhammad (is) the prophet of God.
A "Wyat (or \ ayyatum with the pleonastic \, m,
knf *'''y, above), Whoever, whatsoever. Who? which : Abounding (in wealth). Taking (a sum of money).
A& 7 at (from ) Compassionating, condoling.
A-li-t, (iv of ;) Bringing or giving a present. A present,
a gift, a donation, an oblation.
A t 7tah, (1v of ) Bringing a little present (a poor man). A s tisi, (v11.1 of i.e.) Being described. Describ
Being indigent. Being importunate, in order to obtain anything. ing. Praising.
A & itkh, (1v of t) Conquering. Excelling.
*** itd, (iv of A3) Driving or fixing firmly (a stake).
Aj. * (iv of AE) Doing anything separately. Repeating
the *parate prayer called F;" al witr. Stretching the bow
"g, and bending the bow.
A t itgh, (1v of 83) Ruining. Afflicting. Corrupting (a bed) soft and even. Standing erect, Being prepared. Gain
(*religion, by sin).
Q
15 -e)
A * aytm, (pl. of ~ yatin) Orphans. Incomparable.
A i-tam, (1v of *") Forcing (a woman).
A J! itn, (1v of cp) Wounding, or injuring the vein c,
watin, by which the heart hangs suspended.
plitiba, Taste, desire. Virtue. Good behaviour.
Aj i-tibar, (VIII of A") Digging a well. Desiring one to
look after sown fields, or palm-trees.
A JA-3) i-tibz, (v111 of J") Being hurt in the tendon of
the thigh, and disabled by the contraction.
Ak" i-tibt, (v111 of la') Being plain and even. Being
quiet. Being greatly displeased.
A J i-tibl, (v111 of J") Sitting unsteadily (on a camel).
Neglecting (camels) whilst grazing.
- Aj i-tisar, (v11.1 of;) Following the footsteps, obeying.
A "*" itija-a, (v11. of) Being compact (dates).
A z) i-tijaj, (v11.1 of z aija) Being hot (the day). Being
kindled.
A est) i-tihd, (v111 of A-\) Union, friendship.
A i-tikhz, (v111 of 33) Fighting,52
rushing to battle.
Receiving. Dressing (victuals). Beginning.
A **: i-tidam, (VIII of re) Being joined (as bread or any
other concomitant to meat). Reviving (a tree).
A y i-tirar, (v11.1 of ) arra) Making haste.
A Cy i-tirash, (v11.1 of J not in use) Demanding or
taking anything as a compensation for an injury.
Aj-" i-tisir, (v11.1 of j) Putting on an apron.
Ajj-" i-tizz, (v11.1 of 5' azza) Boiling (a pot).
A \-3" i-tisa, (v11.1 of 3-) Imitating.
AJ- 7tisar, (v11.1 of, ] Distributing by lot (the limbs of a
slaughtered camel). Facilitating. Playing at dice, drawing lots.
A 8 itis, (v111 of 82) Being ample, extended, dilated.
Being comprehended, contained.
A *\--" 7tisam, (VIII of ~) Setting a mark on one's self.
A\t\i-tish, (viii of J") Being set (a broken bone).
A \ itish, (v111 of \,) Being set (a broken bone).
A --; i-tishb, (v11.1 of --~~) Being mixed together.
A_\- i-tishar, (v11.1 of , , Setting (the teeth) on edge.
A Jitishak, (v11. of Cx) Cutting and drying (meat). .
a J- tisil, (v111 of Je.) Arrival. Union. Continuity.
A c-i- iticah, (v11.1 of **) Being open, evident, clear.
A Ji="i-ti-s, (viii of A assa) Being forced,constrained.
A War, itit-a, (viii of xy Trampling, treading. Making
ing one's object.
A i-titm, (v11.1 of *") Constipation, costiveness.
 \ 216
& &
A x itiez, (v111 of ae) Being admonished. Improving
by advice or admonition.
A cl i-tiak, (viii of <<) Being overthrown (by an
earthquake).
A}\ i-tikt, (v111 of ail) Using acid milk as condiment.
A cl i-tikk, (v111 of t akka) Heat, ebullition.
A J33) i-tikl, (v111 of J$") Being eaten into, corroded.
Being inflamed with anger.
rj<! Itkas, Name of a certain king.
P s itgin, A householder, a master, a proprietor.
PJ 7tgn, Ownership, rightful possession of a house,
A) i-tila, (v11.1 of ") Swearing. Administering an oath.
Ak i-tila, (v11.1 of G') Ceasing.
Atk" i-tilkh, (v111 of ) Becoming intricate (business).
Growing tall (herbage). Being put in commotion (whatever is
in the belly). Turning sour (milk). -
A s i-tili, (viii of -il) Cultivating friendship. As
sembling together. Friendship, familiarity, company, corres
pondence. Worth.
Aj) i-timar, (v11.1 of r") Submitting. Consulting.
- A *" i-timm, (v11.1 of amma) Taking one for a guide,
leader, model, or exemplar. Following, imitating.
A e i-timan, (v11.1 ofer") Trusting, confiding in, rely
ing upon. Employing as an overseer or bailiff.
A -) i-tin, (viii of -i-W Beginning any thing anew.
Futurity, future time.
r xVitand, An uncertain sum or number.
p % ituk, Happy news, good tidings.
A \ ayyatuha, Ho! hola!
A \) is, (1v of J) Having any kind of vehicle broken or
injured (as a carriage, a ship; also a beast of burthen).
A \ is-a, (1v of t) Making soft, bruising (flesh by beat
ing, without touching the bone).
A -) isb, (iv of 3) Causing one to leap, or spring.
Aj i-sr, (iv of ) Presenting, offering (a gift). Pre
ferring, choosing. Esteeming, judging, thinking.
P L I-sr-baksh, Title of Hushang son of Siymak.
A J isk, (1v of c) Binding, constraining.
A i-sm, (1v of l) Seducing, making to sin.
Ae isn, (1v of not in use) Giving liberally.Being
numerous (flocks), being abundant (wealth).
A & aji (or \ ayja), A word used when one shoots wide
of the mark. Ij, Name of a city in Persia.
r\ ij (for \s inj), Here, this place.
Als j, (iv of 2-2) Discovering any thing to be worthless.
Hurting or wearing thin (the hoof of a horse). Being tenacious,
retentive, granting nothing to a petitioner, Giving liberally.
Selling. Removing (any thing) far (from yourself). Return
ing without game (a hunter). Reaching the hard stratum or
rock (when digging for water) without finding a spring,
A "*" ij-a, (1v of **) Repelling, removing, prohibiting,
hindering, averting. Giving, rendering, delivering. -
A cl) ib, (iv of -->) Rendering necessary. Doing
any thing extremely good or bad, (deserving of reward or pn
nishment in the life to come). Exposing any thing to sale. Ap.
proving or confirming a purchase. Making (the heart) palpi.
tate. Eating once only in twenty-four hours. Falling with a
noise. (in logic) Affirmation. (in Muhammadan law) The first
proposal made by one of the parties in negociating or concluding
a bargain. P --) ab ast, It is requisite or necessary,
it behoves. J iftab kardan, To render necessary, to
cause to be done. To exact or demand performance.
A c iftah, (1v of *3) Burning clearly, being conspicuous
(fire). Lying open (a road). Digging to a rock. Flying for
refuge. Covering (a tent), roofing (a house). Causing pain in
being discharged (urine).
A c" i.jd, (1v of A-") Corroborating, strengthening. Re
storing to wealth, or affluence.
A c Ziad, (1v of 3-2) Causing (one) to find. Giving an
existence. Being an author or publisher. Making rich and happy.
Rendering capable. Corroborating, strengthening. Compelling
one to do any thing. Invention, discovery, production. -
A j" i.jr, (iv of ,-) Letting out on hire. Prostitution for
hire. Replacing a disjointed bone. Repaying.
A_\ ifar, (1v of ,-3) Causing any one to hear what is dis
pleasing to him. Stabbing in the mouth or the breast with a
spear. Feeding (an infant).
Ajs. *jas, (iv of 5-2) Abridging, curtailing, epitomising:
Giving quickly. Dispatching. Compendium, abridgement.
A *\}|<! ijzan (p &\}<! ijznah), Compendiously.
A C-) ias, (iv of U-2) Conceiving fear, being terrified.
A ** Viit, (1v of S-->) Incommoding, giving pain.
A s ijaf, (1v of -i-.) Making (camels) travel quickly.
Using, employing (a horse). Fatiguing (a horse).
A s Jah, (iv of 3-3) Rendering or becoming respectable,
illustrious, celebrated. Assembling to witness any spectacle.
A J jil, (from J-2 waala) Fear thou.
p ><! Ij, A king of Khrzam. Private property.
r & ich (for ** hich) Any. Now, here. Fortune. Time.
A\s Zh, (1v of U-2) Suggesting, revealing.
A els rhad, (Iv ofa-3) Making the unique or phoenix of the
age. Leaving single, alone. Bringing forth one lamb (a ewe).
A_\s ihr, (1v of A-2) Poisoning meat or drink with its ve
nom (the reptile called 3,-, wahrat).
A. J thash, (1v of U-2) Finding (a land) desolate. Be
ing deserted (a city). Making sorrowful. Being destitut of
provisions. Dying of hunger.
A J ihl, (1v of J-2) Plunging into, throwing amongst,
mud. Mixing slime. Oppressing, afflicting, distressing.
A J ikhsh, (1v of Us-2) Being of the worst kind. In
 e-) 217
juring another's credit. Mixing, jumbling together. Replacing
repeatedly the arrows used in drawing lots into the quiver.
A Jls ikhas, (1v of La-5) Giving away the smallest part.
(A horseman) riding through the vapour called --,- sarab,
and raising and lowering it alternately (KAMUs).
A jikhf, (1v of -is-2) Thickening water with marsh
mallows. Striking. Makinghaste. Opening a door (upon a road).
A. ikham, (iv of s-2) Producing indigestion or crudities
in the stomach (food).
re-ikhasht, Divers sorts of metals, as gold, silver, &c.
A a yid, Troublesome, heavy. Grave.
A & dyd or (f ad), Strength, power, vigour, hardness.
Name of a place near Madna. Ayyid, Powerful, strong.
A "*" i-dii, (iv of...se) Assistance, relief, corroboration. Pre
paring (for a journey).
A slidii, (1v of sex) Preparing either to stale or to cover
| (as a horse). Perishing. Removing any one (death). Being
cased in armour. -
A "*" idi, (1v of six) Strengthening. Conferring a favour.
A -'A) i-db, (1v of ~~~) Inviting to a feast. Administer
ing justice, governing well.
A c idah, (Iv of ce.) Submitting, humbling one's self, be
- _2)
A &\} J&\\c m ayda' fulanatan, How skilful!
A se' awdi, (pl. of a yad) Hands. Favours, benefits.
A "&" a iz (for 3!" a'iz), Whether, when:
A\33) i-z, (iv of s) Oppressing, injuring, afflicting. r \\\
eye25 i-za kardan (or e; s i-za' kardan) To oppress.
A izam, (1v of ^*) Marking (a dog) by putting a collar
round the neck. Fastening a chain or rope to the ears (of a
bucket). Engaging to perform the pilgrimage (to Mecca).
A e's i-zn, (Iv ofe) Explaining, certifying, proclaiming.
Striking upon the ear. Twitching the ear. Making an ear or
handle (to a pitcher). Prohibiting, hindering, denying access,
secluding, precluding.
A t Izah, Name of a place in Ahwaz.
p_{i yir, A kind of itchy eruption on the body, the pustules
or wheals of which are larger than the measles or small-pox.
A ayur, (pl. of 2) ayr) Veretra.
A2) ayr, (Og&) Veretrum. Ayr or ir, The north-wind.
Ir, The east-wind. A scorching wind. Cotton. The branch of
an Arabian tribe. Name of a mountain.
A2) ayyir, A hard stone.
A \,; i-ra, (1v of ) Coupling (cattle) to the same manger,
or in the same stall. - -

ing obsequious. The standing still (of a ram not caring to touch py." ira (or ~% Irak), (for Wj 3.7na) Since, because that.
the ewe). Being clean and plump (camels). A V." ir, (1v of 592) Striking fire from a steel.

A ~); i-rb, (1v of ~)) Prospering. Overcoming.

Av's ids, (iv of U-ex) Producing new grass (ground).
A** idie, (ivoffe.) Intrusting and confiding (a secret).
Depositing. Commending to God. Receiving a deposit.
AJ's idk, (iv of Je.) Raining. Wanting the male (a
mare or an ass).
A 'A'i-dm, (1v of e') Adding one thing to another (as
bread to meat). Making peace, reconciling. Renewal of love.
A <-'A' iras, (iv of x) Making one an heir. Producing.
A 2. irkh, (1 v of 2) Attenuating (dough, or paste).
A <!!! ird, (1v of 9/2) Producing, exhibiting. Citing.
Bringing proof, alleging. Sending. Purpose, design.
A_\,: i-rr, (1v of , arra) Emaciating, extenuating.
A L-'A' irs, (1v of vy,) (Ground) producing great quan

Concord, harmony. Friendship, intimacy. tities of a plant called s waras, growing only in Arabia Felix,
3.
Aelidin, (iv of c) Macerating or dissolving. Bringing with which they paint the face of a yellow colour. Growing yel
forth a puny extenuated child. low like saffron. Troducing leaves (a tree).
A 'A'idih, (iv of sex) Prohibiting, checking. Calling to ca AJ-'A' iras, (iv of U292) Laying an egg at once, without
wels in a threatening manner. difficulty (a hen).
A J," i-raz, (1v of J) Afflicting, grieving.
*Alidar, Always. Now. Time. Here, in this place. On
this side. The world. A foot. Solitary, alone, only. Behold ! A9); i-rat, (1v of b)) (Ground) producing the tree called
rys) idr, Now. Here. - J arta'. Driving to destruction. -

A t aydat, Saffron. Dragon's-blood, and another kind of " A rat, (1v of ) (A man) mixing (his camels) among
red gum brought from an island called Socotra. Brasil-wood; others, so that they cannot be discovered.
also a species of cypress or privet for dyeing. Name of a bird. A. 82 ir, (1v of &:) Interposing, intercepting.

*J Alaydarn, Name of a place near Basrah.
p *A. idammid, (sy R1Ac) Name of a certain medicine.
*** itland, Any number between three and ten.
ry:Alidr (or j9&'), A carpenter. So thus. Already.
J*. Aydun, God.
P
"J'aydn oridan, Thus, in this manner, so that. Now,
***! avdah, Flowing. Sweating.
r s Ir, Name of the father of le, Arda whom the fire
worshippers revere as a prophet.
A. 'A' irf, (1v of ~3, 2) Being long and broad (a shadow).
A J," i-rak, (Iv of 5') Rendering sleepless, keeping awake.
A J'A' irk, (iv of J2) Producing leaves (a tree). Grow
ing rich. Getting no game nor plunder (a sportsman, a soldier).
P <!" irk, (equivalent to & Aj zir keh) Because that.

*** ayda, Quickly. P J irl. A compass, a circuit. Round about. Although.

2 F
 >)
A 'A' irm, (1v of ) Having large udders.
P e!" Irn, The kingdom of Persia, comprehending all that at a time (urine). Imprisoning.
tract extending from the river Am or Jihn (the Oxus or Bac
trus of the ancients) to the Persian sea on the south, and to the
river Tigris on the west. The country which lies beyond the
Jihn is called Trn, Turkomnia, or Turkistan. Under those
two names of Irn and Trn the Eastern historians comprehend
all the higher Asia, excepting India and China. They, however,
sometimes give them a more extensive sense, implying, under
those names, The whole world; in the same manner as the an
cient Grecians included all mankind under the denominations of
Greeks and Barbarians;" the Hebrews under those of Jews
and Gentiles; and the Arabians under Arab wa Ajam
(Arabians and Persians, or foreigners). Along the banks of the
Oxus Kishtsb king of Persia built a wall 240 leagues in length,
as a barrier between those kingdoms, reaching from Baydah in
Persia to Samarkand, the capital of the Usbak Tartars. Kish
tsb was contemporary with Socrates. (See ** at jam).
P Irni, A native of Irn; a Persian.
p *A iraj, The sun. Name of the eldest son of Faridun.
P 27 yarsa, The root of the iris.
"ex-2 irsun, Tale.
p-2' rsiy, The root of the purple iris.
pJ Irash, Name of a country.
"e irfiyun, A violet.
Pe irkn, A species of privet.
P 2 irg, (in ancient Persian) A man.
e *!" Irland, Ireland.
Pe irman, Penitent. Repentance, contrition. Desire,
wish. A sigh. A guest. A parasite. A loan. A hired house.
Py;=\s irman-khor, Pressed by desire, hankering after.
* --: irman-saray, A hired house. The head of a
street. The house of mourning. The present world.
P e' iran, Curds.
re Irwn, Name of a city.
P w Irn, Here. Now. Yellow orpiment. Sulphur.
p *2 iri, (in ancient Persian) A man. Manliness, bravery.
A j i-za, (1v of ) Making the conduits or aqueducts
called T; iz. Doubling. Multiplying. Enriching. Paying
back in exchange. Fearing, dreading.
A\}. Isa, (1v of -535) Supporting, propping up. Bedaubing,
plastering (the walls of a house) with clay.
A j. izab, (1v of ~32) Wandering, travelling.
Ajj) i-zr, (iv of j\) Assisting.
A_j. izr, (1v of 232) Preserving, guarding. Binding,
fastening. Concealing. Carrying off.
P *}. 7-rah, Any support for one's back when sitting down.
P 7sari, A handkerchief. A towel, a napkin.
A is, (w of 32) Dividing, distributing. Exciting,
218 C
instigating, impelling. Inspiring, suggesting. Voiding by little
A lisigh, (iv of 5,) Voiding (urine) by little at a time.
Sprinkling, dropping (blood from a wound).
A 5. i-zaf, (1v of 5) Causing to make haste.
A J} i-zak, (1v of J}) Desiring or causing one to leap.
p ey. 7zan (or e'} Zn), The thirtieth day of the month.
AJ.' izn, (1v of ej9) Applying the mind (to any thing).
re." Izid, God.
P --~~~}. isid-gashasb, A worshipper of God.
p isidi, Anything bestowed for God's sake; also what
ever is given as one's due.
P *2) 7:ghunj (or *}. Righunj), A sack, a bag.
P % ayzak, A ship-worm.
*_2}. 7zur, Now.
r;-7 yj (3- ayij or j), Sparks of fire.
P3 aujak (or s:-" aujah), A spark of fire.
A U-7 dyis, (part.) Despairing.
sk A v- a-yisa, (fut. U-4 ya-yasu) He despaired.
A U- ays (from U-'), Despairing. Causing to despair.
Force, violence. Injuring. Name of a man motorious for his
wickedness and folly.
AV- aysa (or 3-7 ayisat), (A woman) despairing of con
ception, whose courses are stopt.
A-" i-s, (1v of J-) Consoling. Preserving, keeping.
p\-" is, Now, already. A proper name. Name of a
book believed to have been revealed from heaven to Abraham.
A c-" is ab, (1v of C-->) Producing herbage (ground).
A z- 7saj, (1v of **) Making (a camel) go faster.
A t- is akh, (1v of **) Dirtying, soiling (a garment).
A c-" i-sd, (iv of 3-) Setting (one dog) against another,
or after game. Setting one man at variance with another.
A c-) isd, (1v of ~) Setting (a dog) in pursuit of game.
Walking fast (a camel).
A_\- aysr, (pl. of r-, yasar) Easy. Ready, prepared.
Numbers of people assembled for play, gamesters. Those who
draw the lots. (pl. of Sr- yasarat) Lines on the palms of the
hands when distant one from another. Marks burnt upon the
thighs. (pl. of ~\. ysir) Gamesters. Chess-players. Isar,
(1v of ,-) Being opulent. Affluence. - -
A t is, (iv of t-s) Enlarging.Widening. Being
powerful, able. Being affluent. Giving power. Enriching.
A 3. Wi-s, (iv of -i-A) Making sorrowful. Enraging.
A J-\ isk, (1v of G-2) Loading (a camel). Being loaded
with fruit (a palm-tree). -
A J-" isn (for e- insan), A man. (iv of er) causing
to faint (as the moisome vapour of a well). The north-east point.
A 3- ayisat, (A woman) despairing of having children.
p\,-\ ist (from e- 7stdan), Standing.
 c 219
p J- istdagi, Stability.
p J- istdan, To stand, stop, stay, remain, tarry, or
wait for. J-y baz stadan, To stand back, to desist.
r sea-) istdah, Standing.
res- istandan, To make one rise or stand up.
rouse, to stir. To erect, fix, place, constitute, or appoint.
r c-) istndan, To cause to stand. To establish.
re-" istidan, To stand. To begin, to set about.
* A-" istidah, Standing.
Ay-' asur, Left. The left hand. Easier. More fortunate.
:
2- aysar-i ayym, Prosperous times. A fair wind.
r:-" Isu, Name of a city.
Av dysh (and J ash) (for uz, ayyu shay-in), What?
what thing how why? wherefore ? U liaysha, For what
reason? l- J ash halukum, How do you do?
ru- esh, A spy, a scout.
Al- i-sha, (iv of J") Setting a broken bone, healing.
Plish, (for J ishan or shn), They.
A lish, (iv of s) Exercising, breathing, trying, making
(a horse) run at full speed. Examining (a vein of metallic ore,
in order to find gold). Drawing out gently. Considering (an
y: oration or poem) in order to discover the sense. Dispatching,
finishing. Restoring health by medicine. (Ground) produ
cing herbage, or (a palm-tree) bearing fruit (for the first time).
Abounding in wealth. Taking a part (of money).
Aj." i-shar, (iv of P") Cutting with a saw, sawing.
A t- ishia, (iv of s) Flourishing (a tree, a herb).
A t- ishigh, (iv of ) Scattering by little and little
(urine). Injecting medicines into the mouth or nostrils. Giving
a very little.
A J ishak, (1v of C) Adhering tenaciously.
A --' islik, (iv of K-2) Making haste, proceeding with
expedition. Approaching, being on the point of.
A J- Ishl, (iv of J) Procuring a little (water), drop
by drop. Diminishing (the fortune of another). Teaching (a
camel's colt) to suck.
A isham, (1v of **) Putting forth conspicuous plants
(the earth). Flashing faintly (lightning). Beginning (to do any
thing). Beginning to have breasts very apparent (a woman).
Having ripe grapes (a vine). Gaining upon any one (hoariness).
Peaming the character of another. Examining anything.
"J"ishn or shn, (In Hindustn oshn), They.
P &c." 7shanah, A brood of young chickens.
* < yshtah (or 4.T yishnah), A flatterer. A spy, a
scout. Secret intelligence.
p ~ dyishm, (in ancient Persian) Moon-light.
r 7 yishah, (3-) aishah or shah), A spy, a procurer of
"ligence. A flatterer. A sycophant. A thicket, a brake.
** ishahriyr, Name of the thirtieth day of the month
*"rding to the aera of Jallu'd din.
S
P 55- ~! & Ishah-lab.jy, A bird called the wagtail.
P 7shi, A lady, a matron.
r ishin (equivalent to **) ishm), Breeches, drawers,
trowsers. Short breeches worn by wrestlers.
To A Va.) is, (1v of ) Admonishing, counselling, ordering,
commanding. Making a will or testament. -
A --) isb, (iv of C-ex) Being continual, perennial. Being
firm, fixed, constant, assiduous. Adhering, persevering. Making
sick. Begetting weakly children. Becoming fat (a she-camel).
A ca," isd, (iv of &ep) Shutting (the door). Erecting a
sheep-cote or fold of stone. Irritating (a dog).
A " is, (iv of -ie) Being of age for service, becom
ing a servant, performing service. Being mature.
A Jel i-sl, (1v of J.") Coming in the evening. Beginning
that time of the evening called J-2) asil or the middle hour be
tween the meridian and the setting of the sun; (comprehending
all that space of time, or, according to some, extending two
hours beyond sun-set). Touching or hurting the root. Killing.
A Ja isl, (1v of J-2) Causing to arrive. Introducing.
Are." aysar, A short rope with which they fasten the lower
parts of tents to the pins; also such as they tie round the mouths
of forage-sacks. Any kind of cloth in which they gather grain.
Herbage, fresh grass, dry hay. Aysur, Name of place.
A J4. ay: (from J&), Returning. Repeating. Becoming.
A Vilayzan, As above, as before, in the same manner. Ditto,
Again, anew, afresh. Hitherto. Also, likewise.
A 2'-3" is-a, (1v of **) Bringing forth a fine boy.
A c ish, (1v of **) Making evident, rendering clear.
Coming in view, appearing plain. Explanation, exposition, elu
cidation. Begetting fair children. Tiring (a camel).
A U-13." ishan, Clearly, evidently.
A t' 7sakh, (1v of **) Filling (an urn) or bucket about
half-way. Containing little water (a well). Drawing or giving
a small quantity of water to another.
A t' isie, (1v of s) Consenting, agreeing. Spurring,
or urging (a horse or camel) to a quicker pace. Suffering loss
(in merchandize). Humbling.
A -i, is, (iv of -i-,) Hastening. Urging forward.
A ki." 7sam, (1v of 2.32) Placing (meat) on a block or tray.
A $."la" it-at, (1v of J) Consenting, agreeing. Putting
(one upon horseback), making one to sit or mount easily. De
pressing, subjecting. Repeating the last syllable of a verse.
A J 7tan, (1v of J) Considering (any place) as one's coun
try. Residing in any place.
A.&la. aytabbat, stus (libidinosi pecoris).
a Ja" atal, The belly and sides under the short ribs, the
hypochondria.
A l' 7t, (1v of J-2) Collecting, preserving. Laying up in
a repository. Keeping in mind, remembering. Conceiving
2 F 2
 220
(suspicion or revenge). Being covetous, parsimonious. Cutting
clean away, allowing nothing to remain.
A itab, (iv of ve,) Taking the whole. Putting the
whole of one thing into another. Tearing up by the roots. Col
lecting, assembling, heaping up. Being assembled, convened.
A <^*) 7&as, (1v of G-ex) Plunging into a quagmire, as soft
or new-dug ground. Being prodigal, profuse, lavish.
A els." 7tad, (1v of Mex) Promising. Threatening. Bringing
to light the evil designs of another.
Aj." fear, (1v of ye) Being difficult, rough (road). Finding
(a way) difficult; getting into a bad road, or dangerous place.
Diminishing, abating, lessening. Being poor.
Aj 7tiz, (1v of je) Surpassing, excelling. Making a sig
nal, beckoning. Commanding.
A J-l 7&as, (1v of J.--> not in use) Travelling with diffi request. Business, any thing necessary to be done.
culty through a soft sandy plain.
Ak! isfit, (iv of lae, obsol.) Crying, the wolf; giving the
alarm on the approach of an enemy, by calling out ' 7&ati.
A "...' 7&ak, (1v of ) Crowding upon one another (ca
mels when running to the watering-place). (Dogs) rolling
(their prey) in the dust.
Aj. 7ghar, (Iv of J2) Chafing, becoming warm or passion
ate. Putting in a rage, inflaming with anger. Making (water)
boil. Being in the heat of the day. Exacting (tribute). Per
mitting to be free (from tribute). Forcing one to take refuge.
Appointing (time or place). Farming imposts. Ensnaring.
G."
Aj' (fr, (iv of ji,) Encreasing, adding.
Aj' ifax, (iv of , not in use) Hastening, accelerating.
A J fas, (iv of J) Causing one to make haste. Dis.
persing, separating (camels). Spreading any thing under an
other to keep it from the ground.
A & ait, (pl. of 8-3, yafae) Tall youths. Ie, (1v of
8-4) Being tall (a youth). Entering on his twentieth year.
P J%) Afak (or J! ighk, in the dialect of Khrzam) A
sycophant, an informer, an accuser. A coxcomb, a prater.
A J% fak, (1v of C) Being near. Assenting. Being
disposed in order (camels). Happening suddenly and unex
pectedly. Fitting the notch of the arrow properly to the bow
string when shooting.
* < yu, (yu, " awful or iful), A petition, a
P & ifadah, A silly, prating coxcomb. A boaster, a braggart.
A & ayk, A small bone at the ankle-joint (of camels, or
horses); the joint itself. (It signifies sometimes the joints of the
hands and feet of the human species).
A -' 7kab, (1v of C-32) Putting (butter or other sauce)
into a hole made in a pudding. Starving, being hungry.
A t ikah, (iv of &) Being hard (the hoof).
A C) ikd; (iv of \,) Lighting, kindling, inflaming. Aban
doning (an infant). A.) ' (or J J") Lighting a fire.
P <<- $29 29's." Kindling the flames of war.
A S ikas, (iv of $32) Leaving one indisposed.

Aj ighz, (1v of j) Urging, importuning. Aj ikr, (iv of ,) Loading a beast of burthen. Oppress
A s ight, (iv of i.) Walking fast, running. Tra ing, bearing one down (debt). Ruining, reducing to poverty.
velling with a fatigued or drawling pace. Having a weak Being loaded with fruit (a palm-tree). Causing deafness. Hurt
sight. (A dog) lolling out (the tongue). Washing (herbage) ing a horse in the hoof.
in water, in order to clear away earth or slime. Eating enough.
A J ks, (iv of Jii,) Making one short-necked.
Motion, agitation. A G" ayks, (pl. ofa yakas) Watchful, provident. Iks,
p c ighak, (equivalent to J! ifak) A sycophant.
(1v of ai.) Awaking, raising, stirring up, exciting. Apprizing.
A. & ikt, (1v of s:) Causing to fall. Casting, throwing
A J ighal, (1v of J*) Penetrating suddenly (into any
place) and hiding there. Travelling with expedition, and go into distress. Causing to happen, occasioning. Surprising in the
ing far into any country. Making great progress (in science). night. Inspiring with desire. Making harmonic cadences. Con

p 33.3.) Ighadah (for s ifadah), A silly prating coxcomb. taining water (a garden).
r_< yghar, A stallion (horse or camel). &\) ikgh, A prating, silly fellow. An informer, accuser.
P

r & ayghiri, Copulation (confined to animals, **-jime | A ikf, (1v of -,) Causing to stand, stopping, restrain
being applied to the human species). e-pe *** Coire. ing. Detaining at home. Abstaining from. Keeping silene".
pl Ighir, Igra, a country inhabited by oriental Turks, Proposing for the consideration of another. Bequeathing.
P J ikak, A prating silly fellow. An informer.
or Scythians; the eastern extremity of which extends to China.
A \,\ i, (1v of 3:) Paying, satisfying. Performing a pro A ex kkn, Aloes.
mise, fulfilling an engagement, keeping faith. Approaching, r J kl, A prating silly fellow.
A c 7 kam, (1v of ) Repelling with force.
arriving. Being on an eminence. 39. 2-y- -s Za-7
anarasim-i sadkat, Observing the laws of truth. A e ikn, (iv of c, not in use) Hunting or enticing
p cl at, An informer, an accuser, a detractor. pigeons from their dove-cotes.
A s afd, (1v of 232) Sending. Overtopping, hanging A e ikn, (iv of J) Being sure, knowing for certain.
over. Walking fast, proceeding with expedition. Holding the A \ ikh, (1v of 332) Lending an ear. Obeying:
P ec 7 kiln, A stinking rose.
head high, and pricking the ears (a deer).

t; & aykunat, (Eixv) An image, a picture.
A Jl aykuhn, A kind of herb.
A & ayk, Thick entangled trees. A forest full of the W
ark, and other trees, which intertwine their branches; any num
ber of trees growing close together. << ...t ayk-i ayik, A
forest of fruit-trees,
A Q'ik, (iv of J) Binding or stopping the mouth (of a
bottle). Stopping one's mouth. Causing or keeping silence.
Filling. Being tenacious, covetous.
A \,\ ik-a, (iv of , not in use) Causing to recline against,
or lie down upon. Throwing one down on the left side. Lean
ing upon a staff.
A -) ikb, (iv of ~9) Keeping close to a troop of horse
(a camel). Preparing to fly (a bird): also, clapping the wings
(in falling, or supporting itself). Irritating.
A c ikah, (1v of & Coming to a stratum of stone (in dig
ging). Breaking, or cutting off. Refusing to give (a present).
Desisting (from business). Being fatigued.
A \,\ ikd, (iv of 2%) Confirming (an agreement), fixing,
establishing, binding.
Aj ikar, (1v of ) Filling (a vessel, the belly, &c.).
A U-9) ikas, (1v of v) Being spent, or wasted (money).
Suffering a loss (in merchandize).
A & ikt, (iv of t) Making hard (a leathern bottle).
Giving strength. Being firm, established, adjusted. Engaging
(in a difficult and important affair). Having robust, plump (ca
mels). Being poor and good for nothing (man).
A Gli-k, (iv of -) Saddling a camel.
A jik, (iv of -) Distilling, dropping. Rendering
culpable or criminal. -
A Ji-kl, (iv of J) Giving or offering anything to eat.
Furnishing food (a tree). Giving up anything to be consumed.
Whispering, creating animosities by detraction.
A Jlikl, (w of J%) Trusting in God.
A & Al aykat, Name of a place.
A a/yukum, Which of you ? who or which of you ?
* & Ig, Name of a country in Persia.
aygar, Sweet cane.
PJ yil, The post of a door.
A.J." Wil, (part.) Thick, thickening (liquor). Muddy, fetid
(Water). Covetous, fond of money.
*J.'il, (ne..) God. Name of a mountain.
A.J.'iyyal, uyal, and ayyul, (Heb. 3's) A deer, a hart, a
wild-goat. Uyyal, Thick milk. Stinking water.
A J. ayall, Having short teeth (particularly the upper ones).
Short (nail). High (hill). Bent backward (a horn).
A}} i-la, (iv of ") Swearing not to cohabit with a wife for
"r months if she be a free woman, or two months if she be a J J) vl & Either to heaven or to hell.
***, (a religious penance observed among the Muhammadans).
Causing to swear.
21
\
A \,\ it, (1v of 3) Appointing to a government. Putting
to flight. Turning towards, Closing the mouth (of a bottle).
Conferring a favour. Deserving a favour.
Pe Ilt, Name of a people.
A z ilaj, (1v of *) Inserting, introducing.
A C ild, (iv of el) Being near the birth (a woman), bear
ing (a child).
A J las, (1v of v) Deceiving, circumventing.
A & ilt, (iv of t) Exciting, impelling, inspiring with
desire. Being enslaved by passion, greatly addicted to anything,
A. ) ilgh, (1v of t) Giving drink (to a dog).
A i-l; (iv of ~s) Rendering familiar, accustoming,
conforming to, associating, using. Learning. Making a thousand.
A J Ilk, Name of a country beyond the river Jihn.
A i-lam, (iv of ") Afflicting, tormenting, giving pain.
A ilm, (1v of l, not in use) Preparing a nuptial enter
tainment. Being strong in body, and firm in mind.
P Aylawil, Name of a mountain.
A 245) i-lh, (iv of 4') Assisting, defending. Liberating.
A s ilh, (iv of ,) Making a mother distracted (from ex
cess of affection for her children). -
A 1. Aylat, Name of a town on the coast of the Red sea
(the Elana of Ptolemy).
TP silchi, An ambassador, an envoy.
rej l-khan, An emperor. A general. A commander.
A title of the Moguls. The face, or superficies of the earth.
P &\,\! ildnah, The lesser cardamom.
Aj. ilghir, Expedition. Assault, battery.
ry." lkr, A courier, a runner.
r 3, Aylak, (or Ilik) Name of a city in Turkistan.
A & J alamat, Motion, noise made by motion; as <- L.
&al & I did not hear his sound or motion.
P \,\! ayliwa, Aloes.
p J, aglial, The twelfth month of the Syrian or Chaldean
calendar, answering to October. The first day of that month.
A \,\! Iliy, Elia or Jerusalem. Elias. Eli. -
P & aylid, A yoke of oxen.
A * aym, (from *") Being bereaved, left a widow or widower.
Marrying, taking a wife. A serpent, particularly a species of
slender white serpent. A vice, fault, defect. Uyum, (pl. of l.
iyam) Smokes.
P im or m, We are.
A *!' ayyim, Unmarried, single (man or woman), a widower,
widow. Free, excellent, unblemished. Propinquity, relation
ship. Female relations (as daughter, sister, or aunt).
A t aym or im (for t amm), But, or whether. J L!
- .
ru. y zmara, To us.
ima, We, us, our.
A l! ayyumi (fem. L! ayatum), Whoever, whatever.
 ~)
a V im-a, (iv of ve) Nodding, beckoning. A nod, sign,
signal. Intimation, hint, or emblem. P e V (~~); V
e-A) To make a sign with the head, or hand; to nod, beckon.
Aj i-mr, (iv of P.") Multiplying. Being ordered.
AU-14: imas, (1v of U-23) Being impudent, shameless, ad
dicted to prostitution (a woman).
A J" imaz, (1v of U2-3) Shining, glancing slightly (light
ning). (When more diffusive, it is called c-khak; and
when it flashes furiously, it is named Ge takk). Stealing a look
at a man, making him a private signal (a woman).
222 c
p_\e &\aymah-dr, One who holds lands in aymah, a feoffee,
an occupier of charity-lands.
a 2-s & aymah-madad, (4. milk, or p ey: piran) The
names of particular tenures of free lands.
r x^\ agmid, Twins. Ploughing-oxen.
P e.) 7m in, A plough. A yoke of oxen. Free from care.
P e." ayan, (for Js" han) Iron. Ayin. A right, custom.
A e a-in, Quiet, tranquil. (A man) conducting himself
peaceably, easily, quietly.
A e!" ayn, (from J) Happening seasonably, opportunely,

a 4- aymullah, By God! fortunately. Fatigue. Trouble. Convenient, fit, or proper

*") A widower.
. A ev ayman, (from time. A man. A camel. A serpent. Ayna, Where! g
A e ayman (or e. aymun), (pl. of er yaman and J %. ayna makarruka, Where is your residence? e!" e ila'
yamin) Right hands or sides. Parts, places, tracts of country ayna, Whither? c cr min ayna, Whence : A'in, Whether i:
lying to the right. Arabias the blest. Oaths (because, in swear re" in, This e- e) in jahn, This world, (in contra
distinction to e- e an jahan, That world, the life to come).
ing, one man touched the other upon the right hand). P Ze
J% ex: To swear much, vehemently, roundly. Imn, (iv of c in tara, This side. JA; c 7n kadar, This much.
c) Coming to Yaman or Arabia Felix. J.--> e!" in matna', This cause. -- 39; & c in hamah
A J i-man, (1v of er") Protecting, securing, making safe, atcarda-i tast, All this comes of you, all this is owing to you.
guaranteeing. Believing. Faith, belief, religion. <!\! J e'. c in o in, This and that. Irresolution.
]." Ajal) Faith in God, the glorious, the omniscient. J A U.S. i-n, (1v of G') Detaining, retaining, delaying. Deer
*:-y: a's Faith in God and his prophet. J's J) Supersti ring, procrastinating, retarding, deliberating, playing a slow,
tion. J ,-9) The faithful, orthodox believers. P ev undetermined, irresolute part.
e-'- To believe, give credit, place confidence. A \ in, (iv of 33) Fatiguing, weakening.
A --" i-ns, (1v of e-J") Being brought to-bed of a girl.
rjeev) i-man-dr, Faithful. A believer.
A t." inakh, (1v of t) Calling the he-camel to cover the
P_\-l imbar (for A- in bar), This time.
L}}~! imparatur, (Imperator) An emperor. female, by repeating the word t & aynakh aynakh.
A & aymat, (from *") Becoming a widow or a widower.
A J- i-ns, (1v of U.S.") Rendering familiar or sociable.
A & a-immat, (pl. of imam) Prelates, priests, imms. Exhilarating, rejoicing, comforting, making merry. Knowing:
<!" 2* A grant to people who attend at the tomb of a saint. Seeing, perceiving, looking. Familiarity, society.
A & ine, (1v of 8-) Coming to maturity, ripening.
P & immid (~! imar or -) imasah), A plough-share.
A -3-3 i-n, (iv of -i-.") Making the nose sore. Leading
A plough. A yoke of oxen. -

A J ayman, More or most happy, fortunate, illustrious, au
gust. The right-hand or side. Right-handed. Arabia Felix.
J ." Name of Muhammad's nurse. Ayyuman, Whosoever.
er man, Free, void of care.
P
c' e. ayman-bd, A place of security.
P
A "e aymanu'llahi, By God. The following words or
particles (as well as e.) are sometimes joined with &"in the same
(camels) to fresh untouched pasture.
A J i-nk, (1v of c") Delighting, Exciting admiration.
P J Znak, Bravo! Well done!
r t ink (for t inak), Behold!
P e- znan, (pl. ofe: in) These.
r' inanshat, Dragon-wort.
p_\ imbar, (from J.' 2n and J br) This time.
T Jss- Inabakhti, (Naupactus) Lepanto.

sense; er laymanu, aymu or 7mu, ** haymu, c imu or ima,

A&T yinat, Tortoises. (pl. of e's awn) Times.
J mana, mani, minu, muni, and * mu. They say likewise, A & T yinatan, Oftentimes, frequently.
laymunuka or 99 laymunuka ya rabb, By P ) inat, Take this. Bravo! Well done! -

thee, O God! P \si. inja, This place. Here, in this place. \;=\\ j (1:

P J ayman? or imani, Security, protection.
r & awmah, Now, this moment. Vain, futile, frivolous.
Lost. Imah, Thus, so. (for 3-l imasah), Ayoke of oxen.
a wl aymah or ayimmah, Land given as a reward or favour
by the king, at a very low rent, a fief (when no rent is paid, the
land is called zy- l kharaj allodial). Charity-lands.
inj, Hence. -->{\ j} as injst, Here or hence it is.
P Jsi" in jnib, This side, this part.
re-il injndn, To be divided into parts.
f :=#| Inj, Name of a king of Khrzam.
P e injidan, To crumble bread. To eat or destroy (as
a moth). To irritate, vex. To be cleft asunder.
 > 223 J
Pw injidan (or esi, inchidan), To wound. P er ayumin, (in ancient Persian) The eye.
re- Inchunin, Thus, so, in this manner, to this purpose. A 43) iha, ihi, or ihin, Well done! bravo! come on! A vo
r x.) inad, Numeration. An uncertain number, any part of cative, prohibitory, or cautionary particle, when it is pro
an unknown number. Fascination, inchantment, charm. nounced also ayyuh or ayyuha.
r ayandah, Coming. A comer, traveller, or guest. P & ayyah, A vulture.
Futurity. Future. Henceforth. si -i, The future, the p', ayh, Come on! Well then! Beware! A desert.
time to come. sy s! Going and coming, travellers, pas Als ah, Begone! get away! Silence! peace. Ayyuh,
sengers. Ayindah, Business, whatever is necessary to be done. O ! Ih, (1v of Us) Dissolving, breaking, disjointing. Hurt
Ayundah, Vanity, levity, any thing ludicrous. Vain, loquacious. ing (the hand) by striking a blow.
A J- inasn, A lie, a fiction, a falsehood. A -l! ihb, (1v of -x) Receiving a gift. Appearing.
* -- inast, This is. Being possible. Being perpetual, perennial.
r;-- insu, Hither. A -\ iht, (iv of c-) Stinking (meat).
* - inasah (or 4-'), Bound, fastened. Frozen. A z! ihaj, (1v of) Lighting (a fire).
r 3.4) inut, Necessity. A petition. Ak! iht, (iv of x) Debilitating. Throwing one into
y & inak, Behold! Lo! Now. A small matter, bagatelle any unpleasant business. Casting to the ground. Killing, slaying.
or trifle. 23); <<! Behold the balance; come to the proof. A ih; (iv of is.) Happening, befalling.
- - inakin, Behold us! Inuk, A pimple, a pustule. A J i-hl, (1v of Js!) Constituting any one master of a

P ingar, Vermilion. family. Marrying. Admitting into a family.

A vlaynam, Wherever, every where. P Ihm, Name of a certain king.
P & inand, They are. An incantation, sleight of hand, de A * Zham, (Iv of ~) Causing a blunder, deceiving, puz
ception. In that manner. Any number from three to nine. zling. Exciting suspicion. Omission, neglect. An enigma,
rl dynah or dyinah, A mirror, a looking-glass. >}} 3.7 mystery, allegory.
The knee-pan. A swelling in the knee. J 3.7 (or f A ihn, (1v of J) Enervating, debilitating. Enter
J-) The sun. 95-aic &T Name of a verse in the Kurn, ing upon the middle of the night.
A J), J;-) \;x* x &J) \;<!" Obey God and obey A \ ayatuh (or "&" avyuhaz), O!
the apostle, and those who are in authority among you. 3.7 PJl ihakn, A species of lupin.
J-- (or L* c-: *T) The sun. A t ayhaka, Bravo! Well done!
a 4.7 dyinah, (pl. of el; awn) Times, seasons. P *L* A. re' ayham, Foolish, stupid. Dumb. Bold, brave (man).
. har dyinah, Always, at all times. A smooth flint-stone. A steep or inaccessible mountain. Land.
r-linh, (pl. ofe in) These. Continent. A desert through which there is no way.
rjo &T dyinah-dar, The mirror-holder, a male or female A ze, al ayhamni, The two great evils, (to the Nomade
: attendant on the great in the east. Arabs) A torrent, and a camel in rut, (to those dwelling in
AJ< " ynah-mahal, A glazed house. A room hung towns) An inundation, and a conflagration.
round about with mirrors. T 3. & Ayahyn, St. John.
p s ayni (or e- anin), Lainentation, groans, sighs.
A J-l i-yas, (1v of J-4) Causing to despair.
i-wa, (1v of ') Receiving hospitably.
A
A Jli-yl, (iv of J.') Befouling his fodder (a camel).
aywar or iwr, The evening. Travelling in the night A i-yam, (1v of *") widowing, bereaving.
time (especially with loaded camels, &c.).
rj iwaz (or 5'' 7tczah), Adorned, decorated. re ygin, Perhaps no Anything eatable.
** J'aywn and iwn, A hall, court, portico, an open gal Puyl yzdan, To come.
lery or balcony on the top of the house, for the benefit of the r f yer, An eruption on the body.
P"pect and fresh air. An apartment. A palace, a country P s ayirah, A brother.
* @%j' wicn-i sarkri, The heavens. - rj: ys G-7 y, or *}: yjh), A spark of fire.
A l aftent, (pl. of J) aften) Porticoes, galleries. ***! yishah, A spy, informer, intelligencer. Intelligence.
P '' ayirah, Fie! pho! alas! Per' dyin, An institution, rite, custom, ordinance, canon,
A-l Ayyub, (heb. 31'N) Job. usage, prescription. Common law (in contradistinction to the
92 wir, The east wind. Uyur, (pl. of Al ayr) Weretra. laws delivered by Muhammad, and which are called &_* share).
"livarah (or j' iwa-), Adorned. Mode, form, manner. Creation. A solemn festival. A churn.
A : "Wizam, A very clear day. An evil day. Uyum, (from
A large tankard. Name of a mountain where mummies are

*) losing a wife. Marrying. (pl. of * aym) Serpents. preserved. J-7 Je z -suls-Illustrious khalifs, (making)
 \,
-
224
just laws, c- e To prepare, adorn. M-- .e.: A sort in jumlah, With all these, besides all these, notwithstanding.
of flute. A note in music. J-7 (3.2 saf-yn, Pure, unsullied.
P-2 J-7 yn-barg, Armed, furnished with weapons.
PU r e." yn-parast?, Servitude.
r dyinah, A mirror, a looking-glass. x{- &T
The mirror of Alexandria, representing the whole world, for
merly supposed to have been in the library of Alexandria. The
Sun. J-1 &T ({j- <!" or '- <!) *::: He was proud.
The sun.
Jr. The accoutrements or armour of an elephant. J- < - * A \, b-a (for : bawa-a), (fut. 33: yabi-u) He returned.
The Creator. Adam. The human heart.
r_\e &T ynah-dr, The mirror-keeper, an office at some
of the Eastern courts; also the female attendant upon a great
lady, who has the care of the looking-glass. A beggar, a men
dicant. A barber, a cupper.
re- < y?nah-dn, The case of a looking-glass.
* 52,3 < ynah-farz, A polishing-instrument. A furbisher.
- B or B, The second letter of the Arabic and Persian
alphabet. It expresses Two in arithmetic, Monday as the se
cond day of the week, and the constellation Gemini. By way of
abbreviation it is put likewise for the month Rajab, (the seventh
month of the lunar year), especially in the dates of letters; as,
^^ - - \o 3"AA- tahriran fi khamsata tashara rajab
sanah salsu samnin, Written (or given) on the 15th of the
month Rajab, in the year 83 (contracted for the year 1083). In
naming this letter the Arabs call it's b and the Persians Us! be.
In Persian it is sometimes changed for vaw; as, 2" aw for 7
i, Water; 2,3- kharc for --> kh'ab, Sleep. Also for -3 fe;
as, c zafan for J zabn, Speech.
p - ba (the inseparable Persian preposition, instead of which
the separate particle & bah is often used), To, with, in. Exam
ples of words, to which these prepositions are prefixed, will fre
quently occur hereafter in alphabetical order. ba is often
prefixed to the future, imperative, and other tenses of Persian
verbs; either to determine the signification, to heighten the
energy, or merely to prevent a cacophony or harshness of sound,
by the concurrence of too many vowels. Before a vowel & bad
is substituted for ba or & bah, to prevent the hiatus; as 3.x.
bado for ;) & bah-5, To him.
A C- bi (the inseparable Arabic preposition), With. In. Be
cause, for, on account of By.
r" b, With; possessed of, endowed with, worthy of; as, \
y:- b ihtiram, With honour; venerable, honourable, ho
noured, worthy of esteem. ex-) \, le);-jawn-i b istiedad,
A youth endowed with capacity. J-3) \ As shh-i ba asar,
A king possessed of a crown, a crowned head. 437 \ ba ankeh
(or &Ab J.' \! bii in hamah), Notwithstanding. *- J.' \! b
9
- -
Other examples will be
& bakeh, With whom, to whom
found alphabetically, the particle forming one word with the noun.
F \, b, A kind of gruel or other species of spoon-meat. Lust.
ful. (for eV bad), May it be!
A \, or u b-un, The letter c ba. Conjugal intercourse.
*A" ba-fi (for s ha-aica or s ha-aya), (fut. Jyal-d')
--
He was separated. He departed. He confessed. He retaliated.
He entertained. He alighted. He levelled (a spear).
*22) u b abr, Honourably, respectably.
A $... b-at, Any place to which people turn aside, in travel
ling, for repose; an inn, a caravansera. Conjugal intercourse.
P s',3' \! ba afrh, A herb used for palpitations of the heart.
p >'' bit 5, With him. ~#43' | He opposed him.
P J \! ba Osh, A species of large cucumber reserved for
seed. A small cluster of grapes.
r 's bb, A father. In the old Persian, called the Pahlavi,
or the language of the Magi, this epithet is given by way of ex
cellence to express Fire, which they worship as the father and
principle of all things; whilst the Muhammadans, it may be ob
served, follow the system of Moses, in considering Water as the
chief substance in all terrestrial bodies. Amongst the Greeks,
the first of those ideas was adopted by Anaxagoras, and the other
by Thales, which they are supposed to have borrowed from Zar
dusht and Moses. Worthy, suitable. (for e\ bd) Wind.
A bab, A gate, a door. The king's court or presence
chamber.
The chapter of a book. An affair, business, point,
matter. Reason, manner, mode, kind, species, method, sort.
The extreme terms in numbers, or the extreme boundaries in
limits, confines, or marches. &;" -\! The door of repentance.
-** Irresistible. L-J - The milky way. .*
--> The port of felicity, the king's court. Jl." ~. A
massive door. re-s- ra-, } '. To be parsimonious.
~~ ~ Mallows. A ) |As cr j So far (is) to the
point. re's .-- J Respecting such and such a person, or
thing. - c- In this affair. -
p\,\! bab, A father. Great. Master of any art, or science.
A ** ba-ba-a, Intelligent, sagacious.
A sl ba-ba-at (from * 9) Saying, Papa.
p col bbt, Happy, blessed. Powerful, strong.
A cl bbt, (pl. of $9 bibat) The extreme terms in n
bers, the extreme boundaries in limits, or confines.
P e- ''', bb-khn, Father-king, a royal-title.
G -*** bbr, (IIrsg.) Black pepper.
ru ~\ \,\! bab-shaykhi, A kind of melon.
A &-l -' babu'l abr, The gate of gates, called by the
Persians Dar-band, or The Barrier, is a strong fortress. the
Caspian sea, formerly the boundary of the Persian and the Turk
!
 -9
-
ish empires on that quarter. Some remains are still traced of a
thick and extensive wall built near this place, to check the incur
sions of the Hyperborean savages. The Muhammadans consi
der it as the work of Alexander the Great, calling it in general
Sadd Iskandar, The rampart of Alexander, or Sadd Yjj
wa Mjj, Gog and Magog's wall.
A j) -u bbu'z zukk (or J-) cu bbu'l aswk),
The gate of the way, the Straits of Gibraltar; which last name
is a corruption of Jabalu't Tarak, The mountain of Tarak; that
being the spot where this Arabian general first landed, in his
descent upon Spain from the African shore, in the year 710.
A cil) - Bbu'l karyatayn, Name of a place.
A -&al) u Bbu'l mandab, The gate of tears, the straits
or passage into the Red Sea, vulgarly called Babelmandel.
y
::".
It received this name from the old Arabians, on account of the
danger of the navigation, and the number of shipwrecks by which
it was distinguished; which induced them to consider as dead,
and to wear mourning for all who had the boldness to hazard the
passage through it into the Sea of Omn, or the Ethiopic Ocean.
rej bbyn, (pl. of \,\ bib) Fathers, ancestors.
r &\,\! babiynah, Like a father, according to ancient cus
tom, in the manner of ancestors, in the antique style or mode.
A; cl Bb bazghah, Name of a village near Aleppo.
A&W bibat, The extreme term in numbers, or in boundaries.
Name of a town in Bukhr. &\ |&S This is best for him, this
suits him, this is his business. <<!" cr" \&S This agrees with
you; this is your affair. &\!) albbat, The Pope.
r babat, For, on account of; 2 ~" On his account.
*2% babar (or 2% ppar), The autumn. Name of an em
peror of Hindustn, the second of the Mogul race.
*A* babirah, A bracelet.
rl bbari, Belonging to Sultn Bbar.
"J" bbzan, A spit.
r- bbasir, Senna.
* & bibak, (dimin. of u bb) A little father. Faithful,
constant, firm, strong. A turquoise stone. Name of a king.
A J Bbil (or Jb Bbl), Babylon.
r &&. J.' bbul-khanah, A bawdy-house, a brothel, a stew.
G v.4% babilas, (IIrao;) The herb devils-milk. Poppy-seed.
A 4% bbalah, Liquid storax.
A w Babilyn, The Babylon of Egypt, afterwards called
*"Al Fusta, and then sls|| Al Khirah, or Cairo.
*Jk babandan, To give, to bestow.
** bibi, Akind of wandering Muhammadan monk.
*** babitah (or 3-ls), An earthen pitcher full of water.
*J's bbs, A young child. A camel's colt. The young
or fetus of any animal.
Ark bbsir (or U-29 babits), Adulterated camphor.
A ** bbusah, The bud of any tree.
225 \,
*:
P % bbk, Camomile-flowers. Ground-ivy. The earth
apple (on account of the roundness of its flowers). Foolish, insane.
A g." bbunaj (or - bbnak), Camomile-flowers.
P &\ bbnah, Camomile-flowers. Wild-ivy.
P &\, bbah, Anything stuffed with wool. Worthy, suitable.
A & bbiyat, A wonderful thing.
P ej bbzn (or ej babizan), A surety, a sponsor, a
middle-man. (for ej e's bd-bizan), A fan, a ventilator. .
re-- 393 es' \! ba bi zabni skhtan, To keep silence.
P ej bbzan, A spit. (See also ey." bbzn).
A. J." Babayn, The Two Gates, a town in Arabia, in the
district of Bahrayn, situated on the point of the Persian Gulph,
and extremely convenient as a port for the two seas of Omn
and Fars (otherwise called the Ethiopic or Arabian Ocean,
and the Gulph of Persia).
P e'.9% ba payn, Camels. Short, finite. Shallow.
A s bat, A place of repose, an inn. Conjugal intercourse.
*A - bata (for - bayata), (fut. --ryabitu or
yabatu) He passed the night.
A -l, btt, (part.) Cutting. Breaking. Weakening. A
fool. Lean, emaciated. Drunk, drunken.
P --Gl btb, Similitude, equality. Opposition. Battb,
Equal, alike, consistent. Contradiction, opposition. Aversion.
A kind of Dervish.
P ~! batab (or <!-3: patat), Worthy, suitable.
* F batar or batir, A crane. A man's name.
A F btir, (part.) Cutting. A sharp sword. Name of a
district in Arabia.
P *F batarah, A drum, a tambourin.
rv's btus (or Jju btush), An orange.
A Jl bi ittifak, With one consent, harmoniously.
A <<\ btik, Sharp (sword).
re" b tamkin, Majestic.
rl, btingn, The love-apple.
P J batangal, Name of a book revered by the Hinds.
P jb bt, A quince. A cherry. A pill. Name of a king.
P &;" battah, A falcon distinguished by some artificial
mark. An earthen pitcher.
re;" batun, A falcon distinguished by some natural mark.
P &;" btnah, A jug or pitcher full of water.
*A cl bsa (for t bawasa), (fut. Gr yabusu) He
searched diligently.
A cl bsa or basi, Dispersed, here and there.
A & bsitat, A lip full of blood and ready to burst.
*A z bja (for g bawaja), (fut, r yabju) (Misor
tune) overtook (him).
P z baj, Tribute, custom, duty, impost, toll, tax. A silence
observed by the Magi at meals and whilst performing their ab
lutions. zy- 2 z b; o kharaj, Tribute and contribution, du
ties, taxes or revenues of every kind.
2 G

t *-
A. ** ba-j (z or 3-9) A species, sort, mode, or manner.
P_\x-l bj-dr, A collector of the revenues.
h V-9 bajra, A species of Indian corn.
A J-A-9 Bajarma', Name of a place near Nasbn.
A JA-9 Bajarwn, Name of a place near the Euphrates.
r_<-9 bj-guzr, Tributary, taxed, taxable.
*A*- bj-gir, A collector of revenue.
A J-9 bjil, Very fat (man or camel). In good condition.
A J- bi ajmatina, All, the whole.
A ---: Bajumayra', Name of a place near Kufa.
p &G z baj-nmah, Household stuff. Service, drudgery.
Favour. Pomp, pride.
P = -\, bjang, A small window.
r &W bijah, A sky-light. A chimney-piece. A battlement.
h J-9 baji, Nitre.
P J- bajiyan, A revenue-collector.
P J J- b changal giritan (or e-A <!--" ba
chang giritan), To tickle, twitch, or scratch with the fingers.
r;-9 Bchii, A title given to Tartar princes.
P 4- bachah, The lower part of trowsers or long breeches
which reach to the feet.
:k A c bha (for c: bawaha), (fut. c: yabuhu) It was
manifest. He was tired. He communicated (a secret).
A 3-0 bahat, A gulph, a great body of water, a whirlpool.
Mahy palm-trees, a palm-plantation. A court, area, quadrangle.
A/-9 bahir, Foolish, stupid. A liar, an idle talker. A-9 .**
dam-i bahir, Black blood.
re-as- b hasn (or Ja-3), A schoolmaster.
P &\ak-u bhasnah, Lispingly, like a child.
Ay;-9 bhur, Intense heat, the heat of mid-summer, or of
the dog-days. Exhalation. J- .**) The dog-days.
A sy;- bhriy, Critical, x- --> warm-i bhurry,
The critical day (in a fever).
P t bakh, A road, a way. (See also & pkh.)
r_<! b khabar, Intelligent, wary.
r_<\ bkhtar (vulgarly), The west (though properly) the
east. Bactriana or Khursn.
P c- bkhtan, To play. To lose at play. To quit, to
forego. To give. To awake. c-j To play at dice. contrary wind. ey- .9% A fair wind. ~! An echo. .2%
P & S-W bakhtah, Played. The plaster, incrustation, smooth j; ; ; Vernal breezes. A modulation in music. <-A ,'s A
ing, or polishing of a wall. (See also <! pkhisah). north-east wind. \;s ,3's Gratis, for nothing, gratuitously. The
AJ- bakhir, (for A- bi akhir) At length. At last. law of the country (i. e. when a criminal is apprehended and
A.A.'s bkhir, One who waters sown fields.
rj,-u bkhars, A note in music. A town in Khursn.
A J bkhirjiy, A kind of plant, growing in a dry,
hard soil, to the height of three cubits, with reddish leaves and
black fruit, softer and smaller than vetches.
a U.S.U. bkhis, Deficient, little, small. (Ground) producing
plants from seed without being watered.
2 6 29
r &.3-\, bakhsah, Plaster, rough-cast. A lancet. A private
entrance to a house.
p Jeras.\, b khusus, Chiefly, particularly, especially.
A *** bkhi, (part.) Killing one's self with sorrow.
A Ju bkhil, Covetous, avaricious, penurious, miserable.
P & c-u bkh-nmah, A surname, a nickname, a title.
re-u b khd, By himself, by herself.
p_3+\, bkhur, The dog-days. Name of Abraham's grand.
father. They say that money was first coined in his time.
G J-W Bakhtis, (B&xxo;) Bacchus.
P U-3-9 b kh'esh, Alone. A dip, a plunge.
p &l bkhah, A tortoise.
"J &\, bakhah-san (or ej bakhi-zan), A plasterer.
* * * bada (for r bayada), (fut, r yabudu or r yu
b7du) He perished.
pe's bd, Let it be, so be it! J \ely <-2 har chah bd
bd, Let it be as it may, or, as God will.
re's bd, (s &TT) The wind, gale, breeze, air. Breath.
A word. A sigh. Quarrelsome, litigious. Pride, haughti
ness. Praise, encomium. A horse. Annihilated. (for 2%
bdah) Wine. < f eu An echo. J ...' The gale of the
spring. --~~~ C. .* The west wind. J:- .* Future hap
piness. C. Al The east wind. J. c To measure the
wind, (met.) To engage in any foolish undertaking. To drink
wine. A. e. A hurricane, a tempest. - (< * A horse.
e-'- --~~je e's To be empty-handed. To hold the reins of
a horse. Je e A south-west wind. r- ,c'. A deep sigh.
Despair. s es (or ***, *) A violent wind. J- ,9.
Magnificence, grandeur. *~ .9% A sultry, unwholesome, and
pestilential air. Jse- *> 29 A scorching wind, melting
the soul, fatal to life. Jsi 2'. To talk nonsense. J el
To disappear. To fly. ** ~\ A favourable wind, a pros
perous gale. |- el The zephyr, the east or morning wind.
s- .* (or *~~ ...') The breath of Jesus (or of the Mes:
siah); an expression used by the Persians to imply a skilful phy
sician; as if endowed, like the Messiah, with the power of re
covering the sick, or recalling the dead, by a breath. &A .*
St. Anthony's fire. j% .* A north-west wind. .e. A
punished in any place of which he is not a native). Bd is also
the name of an angel or genius, who, like the Eolus of the
Greeks, presides over the winds. He also presides over *
riage, and has the superintendency of every thing that happens
on the twenty-second day of the month, which is consecrated t
this spirit, and called by his name.
A cl bdd, The inner part of the thigh.
 S 227 S

t bidi, Let it be, so be it! - c-! --) \, y rabb
inchunin bd, O Lord! so let it be. See also c bd.
pelle's bad-a-bd, Be it so.
falel, bad-bilah, A boil, a blain. The small-pox.
pl b dd, With equity, justly.
r); c. bd afr, (," el, bd afrh or ; 29 pd afr),
Punishment, penance, chastisement. Revenge.
P Jj', bd afrash, Punishment. Revenge.
P &e. bd-barg, A paper-kite.
r . Pel bd-burut, (or 9,299) Proud, haughty, boasting,
assuming; one who arrogates to himself what he never performed,
what he cannot do, and what he is not entitled to. Pride.
rc's bd-burah, The same. A little round piece of wood
put upon a spindle to give it a circular motion, a whirl.
re 99 bd-barin, (equivalent to 239 bad-bar) The east
wind, the wind which in Persia blows in the morning.

p sle bd afrah, Ascorpion. A groan. Punishment. Name

r 29 bid-ba-musht, Unproductive, fruitless.
of an herb which cures the palpitation of the heart. * Jr. el,
bd-bizan, A sort of fan. Idle, futile, useless.
Of the co
P bel bd-p (or * 99 bad-py), (A horse) fleet as the
lour of silver. Having a white body. An evil action. A plaything.
wind. **: : * Quick of conception, of a lively imagination.
r; ... bd a:, Revenge. Retribution, punishment.
rle bdm, An almond. Spiceries. A slit in a horse's ear. ** * bad-pl, Racking wine. A wine-strainer.
A placid eye. 45 39 als A slit, asure. Cracked. Ale's r. bd-pur, A boaster. A beam. A child's plaything.
J- *::: A weeping eye. J 43;& zle's To shed tears. Fx, l bd-parw, A ventilator. Any aperture made for
5.64% The mountain-almond. the admission of air. One to whom all things come alike.
P & * bad-parah, Alath, a splinter. The down of a plant.
fy-lo bdmtarah, The herb basil.
* C- el, bd-pasin, Crepitus ventris.
rejic' bad imadan, To congratulate. * & e's bd-pich (** 2 ** or **), A swing.
ple's bdmah, The aurelia or silk-worm in its nymphean
state. A kind of silk. A habit, made of rags sewed together, PJ: eu bd-pix (e):9% or **), A fan.
P *** bd-paym (measuring the air), Swift. Talkative.
worn by Dervishes or Fakirs. Vile. An ornament. The bezel
of a ring. A stone in the form of an eye which they apply to Sensual. A glutton. A drunkard. A curling lock.
the sore eyes of children. A link. A mole on the cheek. resu bd-tukhm, Fennel. Aniseed.
P J- el bd-khn, An airy room. A ventilator.
re-el bdm, Buff-coloured. A species of eunuch.
*J bdn (for ele' bdn), Populous. A recompense. r &\s- eu bd-khnah, A ridge, a top, a summit. A venti.
A Jeu bddni (dual of eu bdd) The inside of the thighs. lator. Name of a fountain in the province of Dmghn; so called
because at a certain season of the year there rushes from it a
tol bdnjir, A kind of early fig, hollow in the inside. wind so violent and impetuous, that it sweeps away men and ani
rjz; eWeb Bdn-firz, Name of a city. mals; and even unroots the strongest trees.
*2% Ju bd-angz, Exciting wind; a kind of plant which the P &\tel bid-khyah, The rupture. Aswelled testicle. Dropsy.
Persian peasants hold in their hands when they winnow their corn, re-es bd-khan, A storm, a tempest, a hurricane.
and suppose to have the power of raising the wind, especially PJ';*-el, bd-kh'r (devouring the wind), Name of a bird.
when they rub it and throw it in the air. It is a species of the The rupture. See also 23- eu bd-khr, below.
enicus, or bastard saffron. re);s- el, bd-kh'n, An idle talker, a jester. Facetious.
ry c bd-war, A thistle, a thorn. One of the seven trea ry;-- bd-khor, A window, especially in the roof, for the
sures of Khusraw. Riches acquired without labour. A modu benefit of the fresh air, and the advantage of an extensive pros
lation in music. Name of a place near Wsit. pect. A summer-house. A large eagle which feeds upon bones.
rl bid-ward (or sey c bad-awardah), A kind of A bird which lives chiefly in the air. A moment of time. The
while thorn or thistle, of which camels are fond. A place ex rupture. A disease which causes a horse's hair to fall off.
Posed to the wind. Ventilated. A fan. Py5-9, bd-khr, A scald-head.
rs el bd-hanj, A window made to receive fresh air. Pe- 99 bd-khn, A ventilator. A country-retirement, gar
J bid-br (orjl, bd-bs), A fan. Ventilation. den-house, or villa. The flowing of water. Household furniture.
rjl bd-bz, A fan. Easy. Happening fortunately. The plan, delineation, or figure of a house.
*Jel bd-bn, A sail. A fan. A shirt. The collar of a *M** *d-dr, Flatulent, swollen. Puffed up with pride.
garment. A cup. A herdsman. Sociable. Ji- Jel The Worldly-minded. Possessed of an evil spirit. Destroying.
firmament. t- -eke, Moon-light. es Jel To set sail. P bje bd-dar-tim, Rheum. -

r&bel, bdbnah, Name of an herb. ry-J 9 bad-dar-sar, Arrogance, haughtiness, foppishness.

*~A bid-ba-dast, Empty-handed. Sensual, luxurious. Pj9 el, bd-dar-ka, (or c--eye cl) Poor, pennyless.
*29. bd-bar, The zephyr. A paper-kite. A boaster, a rje * *d-dajam, A species of disease occasioned by the
bragger. Bd-bur, A whipping-top. A kind of astringent herb. wind; (breaking forth into bloody wheals all over the body).
2 G 2
 s 228 S
bje el bd-dujnm, (je, *999, ***, ***
P
r &jj bd-zambuyah, A large bee, a hornet. A kind of
*** ***), The same as above. A club, stake, pale,
or
large cucumber or citron. The herb Mercury or melissa.
stick, baton, walking-staff. A kind of pole used in the Tartar rjeu bdku (or 2.52%) A species of parsley.
moveable huts, cottages, or tents, round which the smoke ascends PAje bd-zahr, (equivalent toAj9%) The bezoar-stone.

spirally through the roof.
r -e Q bd-dast, Lavish, profuse. A spendthrift.
Pe eu bd-dam, Puffed up with pride, conceited, vain.
rye bdar, The twenty-ninth day of the month or moon.
Moist, fresh, green. Lettuce. The erysipelas.
Aje badir, Full moon.
P eye'. bdrm (or ve'. bdram), Vain, foolish, idle, silly,
futile, unprofitable. Wicked, depraved. A subject.
re), e's bd-rn, A fan. Haughty, aspiring. Name of an
angel presiding over the wind.
A 5,29 bidirat, Cutting. Happening suddenly and unex
pectedly. Impetuosity, vehemence, ardour, warmth.
P eye'. bdirjam. See Fuj- e's bad dujnm.
P v99 bd-ras, An airy house. A flue, a funnel, a vent.
ry, eu bd-raftr, (A horse) going like the wind.
Prje bdrambu, Spectacles.
P *** bdranjyah, (43. <</2. badrang-byah or
42 ye bdrz-byah), The herb called Mercury or Melissa.
A kind of large cucumber or citron.
p <</29 bd-rang, A species of large cucumber reserved
for seed. A citron. The herb calamint. A fleet horse. Swad
dling clothes. The polypus.
P e--: bd-rangn, A species of large cucumber.
rje bd-r, Baum.
Pje bdrij, A fragrant kind of herb.
P4-ye bdriachah, Name of an herb. See 32 ye".
*3229 bdrz (or j, ye), A gift, a present. Sweet basil.
P Aj's bd-zahrah, A swelling in the throat, a quinsey.
Peje bad-zin, The zephyr.
rje's bdaj, A pestilential carbuncle. Red wine.
P fo bdujam, Dung. Anything useless.
P Cle. bdjwam, Wine. An inflammatory disease.
r_j\-ol. bd-sr (or ,s), Wain, light, trifling, immodest.
F \*ew bad-sakh, High-minded, generous. The world.
*** bad-sarah, A girth. Sickly, ailing.
P --e. bd-sari, Pride, folly, affectation.
P ** bd-sanj, Indulging in idle speculations, vain. Wain'
hopes, delusive dreams. Pride, boasting.
ry', e. bd-suwar, A horseman. A fleet horse.
* -9% bd-sayr, Travelling like the wind.
p Je's bdash, A pestilential carbuncle. Retribution.
P susc bdshh (equivalent to *** padshah), A king.
r suse's bdshhat, A kingdom, government.
* > *-* bdshd (for us...e., pdshh), A kingdom.
P ** e's bd-shartah, A favourable wind, a prosperous gale.
P **** bdishfam, Red wine. The prickly heat.
P **** bdishkam, A pestilential carbuncle.
*** bdshah (equivalent to 4.32 pdshah), A king.
* Je 99 bd-einn, A swift horse.
A poem.
r_<e badghar, (9,399 or x<c\), A house having a num
ber of windows, a house for the summer-season exposed to the air.
P Je's bd-ghas, A vent, a chimney, a funnel.
P Je bd-ghan, An airy house. Boasting, glorying.
P Jse Badghis, Name of a district in Khursn.

P *jj bdrzah, Continual, perpetual; daily bread, common r iel, badat, Name of a fragrant tree.
fare; a garment for daily wear, or common use. pAe bd-far, A small top or gig. A large fan or ventilator
P j bdrum (or 9% bdrunah), The mountain-balm.
suspended from the roof for promoting a circulation of air, and
P w bdarah, Breeches, drawers. A premature act. driving away the flies. Punishment, retribution. A boaster.
P U-999 bdris, A spindle. A fan. P *]; A. bd-i farh, A groan. An herb which cures the pal

P 4-ye bdrisah, A little round piece of wood put upon a pitation of the heart.
thimble to give it a circular motion, a whirl. Pe's bd-furd, (2,34% or J). See je bd-far.
* --- 4999 bdrisah-chashm, One-eyed. The devil.
Pej,ie's bd-farzdin (or cexic), A hot westerly wind.
P 4-ye bdrshah (or Ly bdresh), A cucumber. P 5,399 bd-farah, Wain, foolish, boasting of what one cann"
Rice. Sickness. perform. A child's game. Punishment, retribution.
r & je bdriyah, A kind of large wooden fan or ventilator Pyxic bd-far (or e;399), One who keeps not his promise.
suspended from the roof, to promote a circulation of air, and rj;32% bad-fuz, One who gives good advice, but neglects."
follow it himself.
drive away the flies.
Peje bd-zad, A whirlwind, a tempest, a hurricane. A J39% Badakla', Name of a place.
P Je bdzam, Treacle. P J el, bd-kash, A fan. Bellows. Cupping, scarificat"
Pej bad-zan (or &je bd-zanah), A fan, a ventilator. J Jse' bad-kash-irishi, A large sort of fan.
P bje, bdzunam (or fj bdzubam), A moveable Tartar rJe Ju bd-kirdar, Swift, hasty, expeditious.
hut, formed of stakes, &c. re bd-kin, A rupture.
 s 229
r wol, bd-kand (or s bd-kand), Arupture, acholic.
P J bd-gn, A keeper, a guardian, a treasurer. The
fore and hinder part of a garment.
r &&. bd-gnah, A latticed window.
t bid-gh, A privy.
p23%, bd-guzr, An air-hole. A story-teller, a romancer.
r;3. bd-gar (or bd-gird), A whirlwind, hurricane.
F = <! bdgunji (or **), The cholic, iliac disorder.
"J biasi (or, il-gir), An airy house.
p :-. bd-gisi, Pride, airs, affectation.
pl, b dil, Generous, brave, noble-hearted.
A cle's bdaln, An oyster. Griffins, and other dreadful creatures of the imagination, being
A3J.M. bdilat, The flesh between the arm-pit and breasts; or supposed also to reside here.
the neck and collar-bone. Embroidered, brocaded.
re bdln, The fruit mala-insana or love-apple, the
solanum pomiferum of the Romans.
re-, Jb b dilo jn, With all one's heart.
P *Jel bdaljah, A sort of cannon.
P ** bdam (for rebdm), An almond. Spiceries.
P 54.2% bd-muhrah, An antidote for the bite of a serpent.
Acl, bdin (or JA, badin), Old (man or woman). Fat.
*::: p g badinj, A cocoa-nut.
re bdinjan (or Je'. bdingn), The love-apple.
P &J' badang, Swaddling-clothes.
p\, \! bd-nam, A vane, pennant, flag, weather-cock, or
any thing which shows how the wind blows.
rel bd-win (for Je's bd-bn), The sail of a ship. raelites. Pyle: ** bdyi-a ghul-dr, The present world.
The collar of a garment. A shirt, or shift. A cup, a goblet.
F & 3 cu bd o bad, Useless, unprofitable.
***, el, bd o dam, Pride, ostentation, self-complacency.
P}.ju bd-vez (or c92% bd-vzan), A ventilator, a fan.
p sc bdah, Wine. Any cup or vessel filled with wine.
*-** sel, Strong intoxicating wine. } sew New wine. sol
J biidah paymdan, To measure out wine; to give to drink.
in 9
# r sc bdah-pl, Racking wine. A wine-strainer.
* --> sl bdah-parast, A worshipper of wine, a drunkard.
re set bdah-paymn, Measuring wine. Given to wine.
P *:: sel bdah-paymn, Ebriety, crop-sickness.
Pj * bd-harzah, An incantation employed by robbers
and house-breakers to lull the watchmen to sleep.
-s bidal-gusar, A wine-drinker.
'*' bid-hanj (orgs, bd-hilj), A building on the top
of houses in the East, in the form of a chimney, having an open
ing face to the west, which, catching the breeze, gives a re
freshing coolness to the apartments with which it communicates.
"Jse, bdah-nsh, A wine-bibber, a drunkard.
P bd-haw-7, Fruitlessness, uselessness, waste.
*** bidi, Mayest thou live for ever! The signs Gemini,
libra, and Aquarius. Flatulent, full of wind.
_\,
A scu bdi, A peasant, a countryman. A beginning. All
author, a cause. 3) se." The author is the most to blame.
Jl seu Evidently destitute. ..sc. The first thought.
A.W.sou The first glance. ...s seu At first. Grief, sorrow.
A s clu bdiytuljinn, The desert of the Fairies. The
ancient Persian traditions say, that those spirits who inhabited
the world before Adam, having offended the Supreme Being,
were, upon the creation of the human race, banished to this de
sert, called also Jinnistn, which they suppose to lie on the wes
term coast of Africa. It is likewise named Badiyt-i Ghul-dr,
the desert of monsters; the Gorgons, Medusas, Lamias, Anks,
P Je's bdyr, A falcon which has been trained for hunting.
pelu bdyn (or &\u bdynah), Fennel, anise.
P *** bdyawand, Strong, robust. Strength, valour.
p**** bdyawandi, Bodily strength, power, force.
p s sel, bd-paymy, One who traverses the desert.
P ** bdj, Large boots, or stockings.
P &J's b did, Publicly, openly. Manifest, conspicuous.
*A* bdr, A pillar, a prop, a support, a shore, a buttress,
P &J's bdyah, A capacious earthen vessel, in which wine is
kept; also a large deep jug in which wine is brought to table;
and, from thence, filled into the smaller cups, to prevent the
spirit from evaporating.
A &e's bdiyah, A desert. The deserts of Arabia, inhabited
by the Badawins. & ** bdiya-i tih, The desert of the Is
P *:: &eu bdiyah-paymy, A swift horse. A traveller.
A 3' bazz, Bad, corrupt, wicked.
P &MS bzrang, A citron, a quince.
P als bzm (for ele's bdm), An almond. Men.
Act 3.3 bizmak, A kind of willow.
P 9.3% bzward, A white thorn.
A t bzikh, High, exalted, elevated.
p >33's bzzam, A trifle, a thing of no importance.
P393% bzar, Parsley.
r J Bzghish, Name of a village dependent on Hart.
P 33% bazaft, Name of a tree which emits a sweet perfume
when shaken by the wind.
A J3% bzik, Date-wine, new wine, or a composition made of
it. J3% J- hzik bzik, Endowed with quickness of parts.
J3% bzil, (part.) Expending, bestowing. Liberal, muni
A
ficent. P Jyei. J& To employ every endeavour.
A & 3" bzinat, Comparison. Knowledge. Confession.
Aj. ba-r (from j), Digging (a well, a ditch, or a vault for
storing grain). Hiding, concealing. Laying up in a magazine.
*A y bara (for y; bawara), (fut. J yaburu) He perished.
P_\, br, A burden, a load, a weight, a charge. Baggage.
Pregnancy. A foetus. Fruit, flowers, blossoms. Sorrow, grief.
 L -
230
A court, congress, or assembly. A tribunal. A curtain at the
door of a pavilion. Entrance. Free access. Opportunity. A
petition, request. Leave, license, dismissal. Root, cause, ori
gin. A branch. A wall. A fortification, castle. A granary,
storehouse. A bar, an impediment. God. A friend. A way.
Fault, crime. Dung, manure. Disguise, fraud. Adulteration,
alloy. A nosegay. A trivet. A musical instrument. Twist.
A player. Rice or any other grain from which beer is made.
Food in general. Name of a town near Nishabur. Repetition.
A time, once. J pej 3 yak brdi, bar, Once, twice. J
*:- bar-i suicum, The third time, AA har bar, Every time,
as often as, always, precisely, exactly. Jj br-bar, Oft, re
peatedly. Great, elevated, high : se-J ay bar khuddy,
Great God! (part. of Jj brdan, To rain, used in comp.)
Raining, pouring, shedding, scattering : j ashk-bar,
_*
PAA bar-bar (or Me, A. br-bardr), A carrier, a porter.
A day-labourer. A beast of burthen. A devious course.
P tle22J br-bar-dri, Travelling expences, carriage-hire.
P & A. br-bughah, A load, baggage. Gently. Small Wares,
P s br-binigah, A load ready adjusted.
P Jj br-bagi, Master of the ceremonies.
P &M baritang, The plantane-tree.
pr_\, braj, Nightshade. Name of a certain fruit.
P \ bar:j, A court, a levee.
r = \ brjt, An oppressive custom of forcing (the na
tives) to purchase goods above the market-price. (GLADwiN.)
P &cl=A bar-jmah, A large pair of saddle-bags.
P brjy, A free grant of a spot of ground made by a
Zamin-dr to any one of his relations. (GLADw1N).
A -y brijat, A great ship of war.

Shedding tears. A je dur-br, Scattering pearls. J P =}| bir-chi, Ajudgment-hall, a court of justice.
tambar-br, Fragrant as ambergris. J% - muskh-bar, r &-j brchah, (TARTAR) All. Others.
A z brih, A sultry wind. (Game) passing from the right
Breathing musk. A conflux, a multitude: as, j 55-foy-bar,
A river, a place abounding in streams. A region: as, 2.9 side of the hunter to the left. j}) c It appears like the
gangabr, Zanguebr. JJ Mlbr, Malabr. jx Hin mountain-goat, (i. e. it is seldom seen, applied to any thing un
dbr, India. Le J. A.J. br bar dil nihdan, To afflict. commonly strange). p albriha, Yesterday.
eel-J br dadan, To hold a levee. To give the road to a A 3-A barihat, The last part of the preceding day or night.
superior. J-29 bar-i dil, Heart-ache. e j br shudan, &-ll al barihat, Yesterday. -A." al barihatu'l uwla',
To be loaded, burthened. ** 2% br-i tm, A public audience, The day before yesterday.
a levee. e.9% br kardan, To load. To draw up in battle P &\s.99 bar-khnah, A tent, or cloth stretched upon poles,
array. U.S.A. br-i kishti, The freight of a ship. Jy" under which goods and baggage are kept from rain, when halt
br nihdan, To bring forth. J- > * bar o di war, Walls and ing upon a journey. A sack. Dorsers or pack-saddles for beasts
bulwarks. ej j bar ytan, To gain admittance. of burthen, upon which loads are placed. Baggage, particularly
Aj brr, Beneficent, pious. Abstaining from any thing un such as kings and great men travel with. Merchandize trans
just or unlawful. ported from one place to another.
P ~!" br-ab, Agricultural produce raised from the beds of P **** br-khudy, Lord God. A king, a prince. A poem.

rivers. Name of a district in Turkistan. P **) br-khaymah, A collector of revenue. A custom

99 brt, An assignment for money, a draft, a note of house. An exchequer.
P

hand. Jle ,-y bart-i ashikn, Wages. A 29 barid, Cold, frigid. Firm, solid, established, compe
P g barj, A midwife. tent. 9% '84, awzt-i barid, Cold, unfriendly actions. z
*Jj br-ghosh, An armful. 99 samm-i *rid, A hot wind blowing incessantly. 9. AA
P e.9% brn, Rain, dew. --L. -ey Heavy rain. tysh-ibrid, An agreeable life. l." <!! alghanamu'lbrid,
* jy ey', brn-rz, A spout. A prize taken without any fighting. gy." 9% bridu'l mizj,
*A*999 brn-gires, The eaves of a house. Shelter. Cold by nature.
*A*ey. rely, *-*d, Leave. A porter, a chamberlain.
brn-gir, A shed built for shelter against rain.
**9% barnah, The main-beam of a house. The herb me *Jj br-dr, Pregnant. Fruitful.
lissa. J &\,\ birnah kardan, To fall into danger. To re' *r-dn, A repository for travellers, goods and bag
throw away. To boast, to brag. grge. Household furniture. Poles, upon which travellers mount
39% brn, A riding-coat, a cloak. Name of a tribe.
P
**** or tilts for the preservation of their goods from rain,
P Jj brndan, (trans. ofe") To cause to rain. A large wallet. A flaggon of wine.
P **)', brh-kand, Name of an Indian plant. P j. brdast, Ebony.
- rjj br-bar, Frequently, repeatedly. Murmuring, cry b *** *r-d, A forked stick made use of in propping up the
ranches of a tree overloaded with fruit. ex

ing. Name of a prophet.

A J *7
* * * Brbud, Name of a famous Persian musician. Jj Brdwil, The name given by the Arabs to Baldwin,
- -

king
s of Jerusalem, brother and Successor to Godfre of Boulo a
ne

y 5*.
 j -
P 6:9). brdij, Any kind of wet woollen stuff fastened to a long
pole, with which bakers clean their oven, and temper the heat.
r &Oj barrang, Infants' swaddling-bands. Ropes, girths,
or any kind of bandages or fastenings for loads. Bandages for
the breasts, to prevent their growing too large, or flagging down.
ry Barrj, Name of a city in India.
Ajju briz, (part.) Issuing forth. Stretching out, extended.
Prominent, projecting.
rl, birzad (or ej), A kind of gum, benzoin or benjamin.
rejj bar-zaman, The vicissitudes of fortune.
p brs, Any thing done in haste. A commencement.
h ** brst, (s a #) The rainy season (in India).
p ey*y barastalrn, Valerian.
**** br-sanj (or c, br-sanjin), Weighing a load.
Anything placed in an opposite scale to preserve the equilibrium.
rv barish, Rain.
A J% bariz, The first appearance of grass just sprouting
above ground, when the species is not discernible.
A 82% brit, (part.) Excelling in virtue or science.
AJ). barik, (part.) Shining, flashing (clouds). Bright
(sword). Name of a tribe; also of a mountain near Kufa.
A&M brikat, Refulgent, bright, dazzling, sharp (sword).
Refulgence, brightness (of a polished sword). Lightning.
P % barik (for 99 brk), Thin, slender, minute. The
membrane which envelopes the foetus.
A 4" % brak allah, Good God! strange! how wonderful!
p U.9% br-kash, A porter, a day-labourer. A bandage or
rope tying over all. Carriage, means of conveyance. Oppressed.
Sympathizing, condoling.
* * br-kashi, Porterage, carrying of loads.
p J brak or bariki, An excellent strong horse (particu
larly, a baggage-horse).All together, all at once.
re.9% brgn, A ditch, a puddle.
r;9, brgw, An agreement, a treaty.
rl, br-gh, The place of leave or dismission, (applied to
ambassadors and supplicants of every denomination) i. e. the
king's court, palace, tent, tribunal, or hall of audience. A court
yard, where they load or unload beasts of burthen. The womb.
reJ br giritan, To become pregnant, to conceive.
br-gah (for s br-gh), A hall of justice.
** bragi, A pack-horse. Strength. A courtezan.
br-gir, A bearer of loads. A beast of burthen. A
baggage-horse. A camel. One who puts a load upon man or
beast. One upon whom any burthen is laid, or to whom any
crime or fault is imputed. A horse-soldier who has his horse &\ je J 3) The Lord God most high and most glorious.
found him. A female. A camel-litter. A lender. P ... br, Once, a time. I wish, would to God! At length.
birgin (or g barkin), A cistern. A hollow place At least, in short. A king. Rank. Loaded, heavy. Excuse,
where rain-water collects, a ditch. Stagnate, fetid or putrid wa pretext. Walls, fortifications. Name of a large village in India.
231 _*
ter. Ground, either watered or which may easily be watered. A
dung-hill. A privy. The critique, examen, or review of a book.
P Jy" Brmn, Name of an ancient champion.
-y baramboy (or ), Sweet basil.
P
P & J bar-nmah (or &\,\ bar-nnah), Example, rule,
regulation, form, formula, canon. An edict, order, command.
Obligation. Use, custom. Military apparatus. A numerous
household. Majesty. Basis, foundation. Boasting. Praise,
encomium. Glory, honour. Favour. Causing. Exposing one's
self to danger. Leave, dismissal. Throwing, hurling, darting.
Interceding, mediating, reconciling.
P t baranj, The largest kind of Indian nut.
P sl brandah, (part. of Jj baridan) Raining.
P < brang, Swaddling-bands, fillets. An orange.
**** brangboy, Southernwood.
P brangbayah, Balm-gentle, parsley, citrago.
*::::A; brang, The mountain-balm, or calamint.
bar, (s. HI&RI) Sand.
P_* br, A wall, rampart, bulwark, or fortification. A
tower. Pinnacles, battlements, embrasures.
r . N bart, Gunpowder.
r &&. --> A bart-khnah, A powder-magazine.
P &-2J's brchah (or *-ij paruchah), A kind of vessel in
which they carry clay or earth.
P barud, Fixed alkali, salt, nitron. Gunpowder.
F_2_* bar-war, Fruitful. Plentiful.
P js b rzah, An every-day garment. Daily bread.
P & 299 barjanah, Name of a note in music.
A Jj baruk, Ceruse of white lead or tin. .
r y barah, God, the presence of God. Good, excellent.
Beautiful, clear. True, just. The way of truth and justice.
The countenance, aspect. The eye-brow. A curl, a braid. An
intimate friend. License, leave, permission, dismissal. Form,
manner. Rule, custom. State, favour, condition. An affair.
Once. A part. Arms. Walls, fortifications. A ditch, trench,
palisade, or rampart. Full of desire, addicted to venery. A
pederast. Ugly, deformed. Covetous, avaricious. A bribe to
a judge. The crooked extremities of the beam of a balance to
which the scales or weights are suspended. An excellent horse.
A curb. A herd, a flock. An intoxicating liquor made from
barley. With regard to, with respect to c- 3% J dar bara-i
man, With regard to me. j bara-i muhum, The ninth
-
heaven. *j zan-barah, Fond of women.
P Us); brh, (pl. of A. br) Burthens. Often, many times.
P J brhi, Zedoary.
&" bri-a, God the divine creator. Convalescent. --><i>
A
 j 232
A bri, A maker of mats. A maker of arrows. ac."
\ej J attaytal kaws a barih, You have given the bow to
him who best knows how to handle it. namudan, To shew again; to explain, to clear up. Jj ba:
P \\ bariya, O great God! A mat. A hypocrite. Jftan, To resume. Bz, (in comp. part of Jju bzidan)
P j br-yab, Admitted at court. Obeisance, reverence. Playing ; a player: as j gla's shatranj-bz, A chess-player.
P Jj br-yabi, Admittance at court, or into company.
r_j\}\, br-yr, A flower. Fruit. A castle. A burden. A
beast of burden. A street having no thoroughfare. Br-yr,
when added to numerals, signifies, times; as,Je do bar-yar,
Twice, two times.
P Jj bar yaftan, To find admittance.
p &\}\ bar-yaftah (or Mj brdr), Admitted. A ser
vant, a guard, a sentinel at a Haram.
P Jj baridagi, Rain. A cut, a rent, a fissure.
P J*.J baridan, To rain.
*A* bar:72 (or Aj. pariz), The autumn.
r brk, Subtile, slender, penetrating. Small, fine,
delicate, thin, little. * 99 Wazirs of a subtile or
penetrating genius. &M **) rishta-i bark, A small cord.
PJ: &M brk-bin, Discerning, intelligent.
PUs. 99 brk-bini, Quickness of apprehension.
P J- 99 brk-miyan, Slender-waisted.
P Jj brk, Subtilty, minuteness.
A C. Barin, Name of a town near Hamt.
rju bz, Back, again, anew, afresh, also. Towards. Re
turn. Repetition. Descent, declivity. Inversion, contrariety.
The arm, the arm between the elbow and the wrist. A span,
cubit, yard, perch, pole, or fathom. The distance between each
hand when the arms are horizontally extended in an opposite
direction. A bundle, an armful. Choice, distinction, separation.
Purification. A side. A ford, a ferry. Open, clear, shining,
bright. A sword. Wine. A sojourn. (for j baj), Tax, tri
bute. eye-j bz istadan, To remain behind, desist, or cease.
To be detained, checked, or prohibited. To supersede. j
ej) bz uftdan, To fall back, relapse, or recede. Jj%
bz amadan, To return. To repent. Jyf j\, bz awardan,
To bring back, restore. J s j baz awardah kardan,
To bring back an apology, to excuse, to exculpate (one's self).
e-j bz bastan, To rebind, to set (a broken bone). 3.3%
baz bag, Repeat.J-j bz khamidan, To taunt, to re
proach. cy Jj bz pas raftan, To retrace one's steps. 39
y;s bis khrd, He swallowed it, he met it, he hit upon it.
Jelej s c--, pusht ba chiz: bz dadan, To turn the of restitution. A retrospect, an investigation.
back upon anything. Je j bz dashtan, To hold back, to
restrain, or prohibit. To seclude. To delay. Jyj bz
rndan, To repel. To recollect, reconsider, and explain. j
Jj big zadan, To retreat, to withdraw, To rebel. Jj
Jj baz kardan, To
bz talbidan, To demand restitution.
open or unfold. Josju bz kushdan, To open. el
bz gardnidan, To cause to return, to recall. To restore, to
39
repay. ex~j bz mandan, To stay behind. To remain, or *
-,
survive. To desist, to cease. To be separated. e, j baz
j &- hukkah-baz, A juggler.
A j bz, A falcon. Pjr- j (or J. Ar- 3%) The sun. A day.
ry bz, Return. Name of a weight equal to 90
astir, each astir weighing four J-c miskl.
r_j\}\, bsr, A market, a forum. A market-day. Sunday.
A bargain. Merchandize.
Usage, currency. Beauty, splen
dour. J; ; J'A- 25% bzr-i jidal o kitl, War, battle.
<\- 2% bzr-i khak, The human body. Pomp, pride.
The attractions of the present or of the future world. 3 f 2%
2,3-bsr-i zado khrd, Strife, battle. J Aju bzr-i
&ajal, War, fight. e.9% bzr kardan, To fix a price. To
bargain, trade. Jy bzr kashidan, To prate, babble.
P J-y bazar-khalk?, Market-folks.
P J% bzrgn (or Jj bazargan), A merchant.
P bzr, Belonging to a market, mercantile.
P bzrya, A small trader, a huckster.
p Jj bz-afgan, A piece, section, morsel, bit, shred, rag.
P \;\ bazam, A swing, a see-saw.
P ey" bzn, A large brazen vessel in which they wash clothes.
The basin of a fountain.
P9:5% bz-ward, A gift offered to a superior.
prj baz-bam Gj ba:-bar or Jj bz-ban), A falconer.
rj bzbar, The bezoar-stone, an antidote against poisons.
Pj bzbazah, Loving women. A lover.
Jj bz-purs, Repeated inquiry, minute search. A re
P
vision, an examination.
P *23% bz-parah, A butterfly. A bat.
*u-j bz-pas, Back, behind. The remains of anything.
Restitution.e-8 U-3% bs-pas nigristan, To look back.
PJ-39 bz-pasin, Last, hindmost. See c- pasin.
P &3% bz-pch,
A swing. A cradle. A string of beads.
P *j bz-jay, Back, behind. The remains of any thing.
P 3% bazakh, A sound, a voice.
r --ju bz-khst (orj-j bz-khz), The resurrection.
P JA-j baz kharidan, To redeem (buy back).
P **-j bz-khamd, The day of resurrection.
P <-->5% bz-kh'ast, An answer. A question. Demand
P ej bazud, The fleshiness of the arms.
rle j bz-dr, A falconer. A sower. Keeping back.
P bz-dri, The charge of falcons or hawks.
re-sej bz-dsht, Hindering, preventing, keeping back.
P Jj bazargan, A merchant, a trader.
* J25 jj bazargn kardan, To trade, to buy and sell.
 39
P *}j bzranjyah, The herb melissa.
P &J' bzrang, Swaddling-clothes of infants. Girths, sur
cingles, ropes, or fastenings of loads or saddles.
rj bazru (or wj bzrn), An every-day garment.
A j bzigh, (part.) Rising (the sun or moon).
Al, Bazighat, A woman's name.
r bizak (, or J), A sparrow-hawk, a merlin.
rl, b-kush, Discriminating, distinguishing.
re.9% bzgn (for Jj bazargn), A merchant.
l, bz-guzr, Returning. Agreeing, consonant, apt, fit. .5%j kumr-bz, Any forbidden game, as dice or cards.
P J-34 bz gashtan, To turn back. To retire, depart from.
r & bz-gashtah, Turned back, returned, retired.
p 93% bz-gun, Inverted, turned upside down, preposterous.
Inversion. Inversely.
** bz-gunah, Inverted. Unfortunate.
P2% bx-gir, A falconer. A chronologist. (for 2% bj-gir),
A collector of revenue.
A J bzil, (part.) (A camel) breeding a front or side-tooth
in his tenth or eleventh year.
Aj bzilat, Anything, some, somewhat, a part. Any frac
ture of the skin, from whence blood issues. & 5% A s shajat-i
bisilat, A wound on the head from whence blood flows.
*Jj baz man, Halt! stop! A delay.
P ** j bz-mandah, A survivor, a relict.
p J. bz manidan, To remain. To be present.
rej basan (ejpsan, or ej pjan), A cuckold.
**95% bi-nmah, A release, a deed of acquittance.
basinj,
A swing, a see-saw. Rocking. A cloth or
curtain thrown over a cradle, in order to set a child to sleep.
"J &j bznnah kardan, To dart, to throw. To put
one's self in danger. To boast. To intercede. To reconcile.
*Jj bazinjan (for Je's badinjn), The love-apple.
P Aj. ba-zand (or Aj p-zand), (The principles of the book
of life) the most authentic book of the religion of the Magi, or
worshippers of fire in Persia, which they believe to have been
revealed to Abraham. (Hyde, Rel. Vet. Pers. cap. ii.)
p *Aj. basindah, Playing; a player. A kind of pigeon.
'j bznich (for &#39 bz-pch), A swing.
r;' bisu, The arm, or the upper part of it. Strength, power.
The cloth wrapped round the middle whilst bathing. The post
of a door, the side of a bedstead. A friend, a companion. One
who accompanies in a song. A buck, doe, deer. A cubit, an ell.
A perch, Jc j bzuw-i tazil, A strong muscular arm.
j e hanin-bz, Having an arm of iron, strong-armed.
** 25% basil-band, A bracelet, an armlet.
'e-lk bz dadan, To assist, to succour, to lend an arm.
*j99,5% bz-dirz, Long in the arm, powerful, victorious.
j Bzr, Name of a famous eastern enchanter. The
Persians call the ligatures, amulets, or charms, used in incanta
233
c
tions, or as preservatives, Bzr or Bz-band; either from this
enchanter, or because they are in general fastened round the arm.
P Jj bazushtan, To curl, to twist. To plait. To hem.
r setts2.5% bazu-kushdah, A petitioner, a suppliant.
- rj\ bazah, A fathom. A crook, sheep-hook, or stick. A
bundle of rods.
A street, valley, or any opening which sepa
rates houses, mountains, &c. A species of hawk. A scale-beam.
P bz, Play, sport. One falcon. A little sphere or
globe. Jy;- bazi khurdam, To be cheated, or gulled.
rjj bz-yr, A labourer, a ploughman, a farmer, a sower,
a garden er. A falconer, a fowler.
-3.3 % bz-yaft, The resumption of any thing; a deduc
P
tion, a stoppage. Al- 233.3% bz-yaft-i chakir, Lands ap
propriated for the payment of servants.
P g bzj, The watch of the night. Little globes, or things
similar, suspended above infants' cradles for their amusement. A
collar, chain, wreath, or chaplet.
P *j basichah, Any little trifling amusement, children's
play, fun, sport. Delicacy, tenderness. Any thing minute,
slender, or subtile. es j To play at children's pas
times. J 2 y *j Day and night. Change of fortune.
P bazidan, To play. To cause one to play. To lose at
play, and to be agitated or affected by it. To spoil. To fly.
To do repeatedly. To strive. To consecrate, to devote.
P *23% bazirah (j or *Aj), An hour, a watch of the
night. A lover of women. Wanton. Insipid. Name of a tree.
P 32.5% bazizah (for *23% bazirah), A lover of women.
P J bazi-kunan, Making sport.
PAj. bz-gar, A tumbler, a vaulter, a rope-dancer.
P Jj bz-garn (or 3,4}, bazi-garni), An actress.
P Jj bz-gsh, Cheerful, sprightly, playful, wanton.
*Jj b ziwar, Decorated (with gems). Repetition. Again.
rj bj, Tribute, toll, duty, revenue, tax, impost; any griev
ous imposition which distresses the poor or the conquered. Si
lence observed by the Prsis whilst eating or performing their
ablutions. A fathom. The shoulder. The arm. A finger
joint. Name of a town in the dependencies of Ts.
P Jj bj-bn, A revenue-collector. A tribe of Turkomns.
PJeju bj-dr, A collector of the revenues.
P elej bj-dn, The court of exchequer, the fisc.
p\ju bjdah, A dragon.
P bj-rand (or cj), A girdlefor women or children.
re-j bj-sitn, A tax-gatherer, a collector of revenue.
Pej bjan, A ram or he-goat leading the flock.
P 4.9% bj-nmah, A surname. A peer, a companion.
P 5\ bjah, Revenue, tax, duty, impost, tribute.
A J- ba-s, Adversity, misfortune, affliction, calamity. Pain,
2 H
 C-9 234 C
severity, evil. Fortitude, intrepidity, boldness, power, strength, P 6-9 basij (or *-*. psj), A swallow.
* J-W basidan (or ex-. pasidan), To guard, preserve.
ability. U-\} liba-s, it is not bad, there is no evil in it.
PJ bs, Ancient. Fear. A husbandman. A mechanic. r- bsirah, A poet, a repeater of verses. A chronolo
A\-l ba-s, (Bodily) hardship. Loss of property. gist, a reciter of history, a teller of tales. A sown field.
Pelu b samn (or J- p-smn) An honest man. r Cu bsh, Stay, remain. The bark of a dog. He, Ancient.
Patient. Abstinent, continent. Wise, intelligent. p\,\ bish, Being, existing. A basha (a corruption of s,
a c- bsn, (pl. of 3.9 bisanat) Coulters, plough-shares. bdshah), governor of a province, counsellor of state, greatlord;
Artificers' tools. Large sacks of coarse stuff. also sometimes the grand vazir. A kind of falcon, a hawk.
Pe-8 bassan, The balm-tree; balsam. P *** basham (or *** pasham), An inner garden. Fat.
pL-k bsbus, Sweet marjoram. -
A veil. Name of a note in music.
rj-, bastr, Of the same kind, equal, alike. One, any one, r &\u bshmah (or <\ pshmah), Cloth of a very de
such a one. An accessory word in a speech or sentence. An licate texture. A veil of a red or yellow colour, with which
absurd answer to any argument. women cover their faces or heads; also the thin fine cloth of
P e- basitan, Past, preceding, old. The ancients. The which such veils are made. A caul like net-work.
world, fortune. Solitary. The bird of paradise, which great P & Ls bshnah, Fat. The oil of nuts. Things scattered,
men wear on their heads. (in ancient Persian) Date. dispersed. Selected, chosen.
P <\; -\ bastarak (or %-9), A kind of starling or thrush.
r t bsht, The main beam of a house.
P J-9 basti, Humility, lowliness. P %-8% bashtarak, A starling or stare.
P J-9 bsitin, Fruit growing in the middle of a branch. P e-s bshitin, Fruit growing in the middle of a branch.
A 3,-\, bsirat, Of an ugly appearance, having a deformed, Name of a village in the district of M- Sabzahzar.
detestable look. r x** bashad, Be it so Supplication, entreaty. <*
re--: basir shudan, To retreat, to run away. bashad keh, It may be that. Would that it were !
p r- basram, A field prepared for sowing. AA's bashir, Happy, fortunate, auspicious. Rejoicing at
**, * bsarah, Sown, planted. Versed in antiquity. A re good news. Prudent, skilful. Mixing gentleness with severity.
later of history, a teller of stories. Name of a fortress near Aleppo.
A 2- bi asrihi, Et castera, and so forth, and thus with regard ru-, bashish, Quiet. Residence, stay.
P J-49 bshik or bashak, A sparrow-hawk, a merlin.
to the rest. *** (or \S,-\), All, the whole, every one.
Ala-V busit, One who spreads carpets. A bed-maker. Dis
P &W bashikah, Filth adhering to the hands from labour.
tant, remote, far off (from water). Simple. Ample. r x<\; bashk, Hold fast! take care!
re bshgk, Skilful, knowing, dexterous, expert in
G L---: bastiyas, (X'sar;) An emperor.
the management of affairs.
r J-u bsghk (Jui-S basikk, and J-W basikn), (in re bsh-gun (or **** bash-gnah), (for ej bz
the dialect of Khrzam) A viceroy, a governor, a prefect. gn) Inverted, reversed. A cross-birth (the side, or feet of an
t
A J~\ bsik, Tall (palm-tree). A yellow and sweet date.
infant lying nearest to the orifice of the womb).
P <<\ bsuk, A gaping, a yawning. Drowsiness. P J. bsh-gungi, Inverse order, contrariety, opposition.
A J-\, basil, A strong intrepid man, a hero. A lion. P <!--" bshnmah, A numerous household. Favou", obli
& C.'s basilis, (Bagati) A king. gation. Pride, boast.
c A.J.-9 basilik, The basilik, or great artery in the arm.
-

p six-u bshindah, Being. Staying. An inhabita"

A -* basim, (part.) Smiling.
P J-9 Bsan, Name of a place.
a 3.u bsanat, A plough-share, coulter. An artificers'
A large sack of coarse stuff.
P = -\, b sang, Heavy, weighty. Great.
*5-9 basu, A walking-staff, a cane.
Ax- bsr, Emerods, piles. An hemorrhage or flux of
blood, at the nose and other parts of the body.
* L- bss, Caper-root.
P 4. U basah, Having a black face.
P A. basz, Once. Some, a little, somewhat.
bird. Any margin or border added by way of ornament.
r 3.9 bishank (or c-\, bshang), A bune" of grapes
dried towards that part which is nearest to the stalk, from whence
tool. they collect the seed. The seed of a cucumber. A cucumber
bed. A small green melon, a pumpkin.
Powerful. P c-s bshingn, A melon-bed.
r & t bishinah, The heel. The fleshy part of the foot.
re-s bashnin (or c-s pashnin), Loppings, branches,
or bark, cut or torn from the extremities of trees.
**\ bsh, Alizard. 's veil
**** bshmah, (for a clu bshmah) A woman's ve"
P
Volatile. A
p alu bshah, A sparrow-hawk, a merlin. c 33 u bsh"
falak, The sun. Name of a constellation.
 89 235 -3%
pel, bshidan, To be. To stand, stay, stop, tarry, ex A tely bgat, An area, court-yard. A gutter on the house-top.
pr pect, remain, dwell. To trample, to tread upon, to spurn. A c-cu btis, Emitting. An author, cause, occasion, subject.
w. re: bshin (or e-', pshn), Chips. Loppings of trees. J, J.--cl btis-i layl wa nahr, God. The sun.
A <--e. btisiyat, The quality of causing, casuality.
l *A U2's basa (for Je bawasa), (fut. Jer yabusu) He pre
ceded. A **** bijat, The wide open part of a valley.

A2. basir, Penetrating, quick-sighted, perspicacious.

il. A web baid, Remote, very distant. Perishing. Despicable.
A 5,2', bsirat, (fem.) Seeing. The eye. Vision, sight. A c- bsik, Foolish, stupid.
A t bziz, Cutting, keen (sword). Name of an island. A <-ye bts, (from *-* bagasa, He arose) The festival of
hiri.
H. H. A* bzitat, A troop, herd or flock (of camels or of sheep). Easter; particularly the second day of it.
Any wounded part of the body, from whence the blood drops A 99e's Btr, (Heb. hya) Beor, the father of Balaam.
ver r (when it flows it is then named & cle damiyat). A Guc Btinas, Name of a place.
* sk A bgha (for t bayagha), (fut. 8 yabighu) He pe
A t bisik (or $4 basik), Cutting, sharp (sword).
t: 6 vl btis, (Bali:) The bramble. rished.
r k's btisah (or 4-'s btisah), A field, a plain. P bgh, A garden, a vineyard. A delightful place, a
A Jl btil, False. V ain, trifling, absurd, ineffectual, fri paradise. The face of a mistress. &\ bgh bgh, Joy
volous, futile. Idle, ignorant. Obsolete, antiquated, useless. Pleasure : *-*. .#9 (s9 - U-23 - , or 8-2 .8%) The
Iniquitous. Ju .* kalam-i batil, Vain conversation. firmament. *~2.. A garden full of flowers. s, &
A "l btilan, Vainly, foolishly, falsely. Villainously. The world. Jej .#! Bgh-i zaghn, Name of a garden in
A Jb! Al btalk, Name of a place.
Hart. J, J. .8% bgh-i lay! o nahr, God. The sun.
A J% btin, Interior, internal. The inward part. Hidden,
concealed. Knowing the hidden and concealed; hence God is PA cl bght, (pl. of &W bgh) Gardens, groves, orchards.
named ck'." al batin. ck' 2 AU. The exterior and interior. P Jl bgh-bn, A gardener, a vine-dresser.

*Jr. J btin-bin, A close observer. r jb bgh-bnz, The care of a garden, horticulture.

A&E's btinat (or a J batini), Internal. Domestic. P** bghj, Unripe grapes.
A 4.4% Batiniyah, The Batanians, Ismaelians, or Assas P Js bgh-chiwn, A gardener.
P &s bghchah, A garden, a little garden.
sins, of whom mention is so often made in the history of the
Crusades. The founder of this sect of enthusiasts was Hasan r_<! bghir, A swelling (in the body), a wen.
Sabi, Shayku'ljabal (literally, Old man of the mountain, but in Aj bghiz, Merry, brisk. Obscene, villainous, dishonour.
fact Sultn, or Prince of Persian Irk, otherwise named Jabal, able, wicked. Name of a place where cloths are manufactured.
A &j, bghaziyat, A garment made of raw silk called j-.
Mt on account of its mountainous situation, the sovereignty of which
P J-s bghistn, A vineyard.
he usurped about the year 1090). His subjects were, upon re P Uk- #9 bgh-sakha, A liberal man. The world.
,, & ligious grounds, so entirely devoted to his service, that they put
-

themselves to death without hesitation the moment he gave the * J- &\ bgh-siywshn, A note in music.
command; and, it may be easily supposed, were equally ready, A Jl bghish, Small (rain).

fearless of danger, to assassinate those whom Hasan Saba, from rer bgh-shirin, A note in music.

motives of policy, avarice, or vengeance, chose to number with
|, ty
the dead. This despotic and most singular influence over his
followers rendered him so dreadfully formidable that he forced
tribute from most of the neighbouring princes; many of whom
kept bodies of Btanists in their pay, in order to despatch those
who were dangerous to their power; in consequence of which
*Veral Khalfs, Sultns, Generals, Wazirs, and other eminent
leaders, fell under the daggers of those most determined villains.
Al, btiyat, An earthen or other vessel in which wine is
*Pt. A flaggon or large tankard from which the wine at table
"Poured into smaller cups. A field, a plain.
*A & bta (for t bayata), (fut, s yabig) He sold.
A & bt, A certain measure, an ell (though sometimes signi
&
:* fying a pole or perch). Nobility, high rank, honour. The
r J baghil, A cow-house. A sheep-fold.
A&a=! bghmat, Spoken in a modest low voice (a word).
P * bghanj, Unripe grapes.
r x = baghand, Picked, teased or carded cotton.
*** bghandah, The same. Lined with, or made of cotton.
P e';* bgh-wan, (for Jl bgh-ban) A gardener.
r Jl bghsh, Immersion.
A Use' baghi, (part.) Rebelling. A rebel, a mutineer, a
r.
traitor.A tyrant, an oppressor, an extortioner. A sinner.
r su b, (in composition, from eju bftan) Weaving.
s * kanri-baf, Weaving lace, a lace-maker.
P ej" bftan, To weave, to intertwine, to plait, to twist.
P &#9 batah, Woven, twisted. Buttons made of mohair. A
rope. A species of cotton-cloth. A colour in pigeons.

P fail bdam, Last. The end. Henceforth, hereafter.

"eep part of a mountain. Uel, J, tawil btan, Liberal.
2 H 2
 J 236
rej bafarjan (or J bfranjan), A garter, an or
nament of gold or silver worn by ladies in the East round their
ancles. A weaver's treadle.
r_j\{3\ bf-kr, A weaver.
r J39 baal, An idiot, ignorant man. Reviling, reproachful.
P sl bandah, A weaver.
* - 3\, banag, A species of the marten or sable.
P J bafidan, To weave, intertwine, plait, or twist.
:k A J% bka (for J2 batcaka), (fut. J yabuku) He injured.
A &\, bkat, A bundle of odoriferous herbs.
A}}\; bakir, A herd of oxen (with their keepers). Great,
large. Abounding (in wealth and knowledge). Furious (lion).
A vein in the corner of the eye. Name of a man.
A 5,3\, bakirat, Sharp (sword).
Ap jj bakir-khani, Bread mixed with butter and milk.
A &;" Bakariyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A &\ bkitat, An evil, calamity, misfortune. Sagacious, in
telligent, subtile, whom nothing escapes. A bird who dares not
approach the water to drink, in dread of being taken.
A Ju bkil, (Ground) producing herbs, shrubs, or verdure.
The cheeks and chin (of a young man) when just beginning to
show marks of puberty. A vender of pot-herbs, spiceries, oils,
or honey. A fruiterer, confectioner, green-grocer. Name of a
stupid ignorant man, who, having bought a doe for eleven pieces
of money, and not being able to tell what he had given in words,
held up his ten fingers and lolled out his tongue; whence the pro
verb, J cr Le'agy min Bakil, More stupid than Bakil.
A \;\, bkil (43\! or Q3%), A bean. A pea. A pot-herb.
A bakilan), A vender of beans.
r;\ bk, The planet Mars. Name of a strong man.
A yu bkr (or 39;u bakirat), A herd of oxen.
A 5,339 bakurat, (in the dialect of Yaman) An ox. A cow.
A J% baki, Remaining, left. Permanent, durable, fixed,
firm, immortal, everlasting, eternal. The remainder, rest. A
balance. As to the rest. G 2," A permanent, solid, fixed thing.
Puy G To remain, continue, endure. A *", J (or J
\es";) And with this farewell. **) t U J- *}-\; J
As to the rest, peace be upon him who follows the right way.
rew L'A". --~~~ 2 <^** *-* A *A*s J For the rest,
may his foot be continually upon the throne of health and peace.
cu u --~~}) > j 2 rle 99 2 Pe 4-r J Upon the
whole, may your life and prosperity be perpetual, and your glory
and dignity everlasting. With these and similar prayers they
always conclude letters.
A u bakiyat, (pl. of 3.3% bkiyat) Remainders. Ba
lances. Permanent (things). c) at bkiyt, Good works
(as being permanent and always remaining with us).
rje J bki-dr, Owing a balance, in arrear.
**** J bk-mandah, A remainder, a survivor.
J
pe u bk, Fear, dread, timidity. Care, solicitude. Atten
tion. Species, sort. e-'- cu To dread. To be anxious,
careful, timid, apprehensive. U2 bi bak, Fearless, bold.
--
AA* bakir, Early in the morning.
A 5% bakirat, An unblemished virgin.
Ju b kamal, Exquisite, excellent, perfect, in perfection.
AP
CVS' ,J\,-jaml-i ba kamal, (Her) perfect beauty.
r &SW bakand, Red. A ruby. Wine.
P:Su Baku, Name of a city and fortress.
Aj bakur, The first rain in the spring.
A 3 bkurat, First-fruits, early fruits, first of any thing.
P & S Bkiyah, Name of a city in Persia.
r & bakeh, With whom
A J baki, (part.) Weeping, shedding tears.
P J* bakidan, (equivalent to c-'- c") To fear.
r s bakidah, A kind of fine silken stuff. A ruby.
P yu bagrah, A swelling on the body, a wen.
P Js bagal, Milk-warm water.
A Ju bl, The heart, mind, soul. State, condition. Employ.
Solicitude, anxiety. A large fish, a grampus.
p J bal, An arm. A wing, the largest feather in the wing.
A curling lock. The body, stature. Winged. Wehement, strong.
Part of a fillet, or wreath, hanging from the head-dress by way
of ornament. Love. A kind of pulse. Plaster for walls.
Plu bl, Stature, tallness. Height, altitude, summit, subli
mity. A horse led for parade. High, exalted, elevated, supreme.
Above, upwards. L- > S Altitude and humility. \\ 32) Up
and down. c; \ 223 To reverse, turn upside down. *
}\, &alam-i bala, Heaven, the world above.
s bala, (GTTC') An odoriferous grass.
P Ju l bl-bl, Firm. Strongly, vehemently.
P S \, bl-bl, Deceitfully, fraudulently.
P}\, bl-bar, Part of the dress which laps over the thighs.
p u bl-band, A turban. A kind of upper garment.
P L bl-psh, An outer garment. A counterpane.
p_i\\ bltar, Higher, superior. Greater, more eminent.
A Jj, bi'l ittifak, With one consent, unanimously.
P &\ bl-khnah, An upper chamber, gallery or balcony
on the top of the house, a hall, a parlour. <-2), 3}\; \; bala
khna-i wizrat, The rank of grand vazir, or prime-minister.
AA-U!. bill akhir, At length, finally.
rl,s}\; bal-khni, Hyperbole. A panegyrie, an eulogy.
P & balad (or &\ balas), A draught or baggage-horse:
e ---u bl-dast, Superior, uppermost. The chief seat.
Precedency. Exquisite, precious.
rug-elu bl-dasti, Exactions, clandestine collections:
P Jel's bl-dawi, Velocity, speed.
P se!" bldah, A led-horse, a horse of state.
rj}\, blr, The main beam of a house. A dutiful son.
P Ll balas (or J. pls); A kind of fine, soft, thin armosi"
 J 237
At silk. An old piece of cloth. A kind of coarse woollen stuff, such
as they put under burdens upon horses' or camels' backs. (The
s richer people spread it in the vestibules, in order to leave their
slippers upon it; the poorer sort lay it at the door of their bed
chambers; and some dervishes wear habits made of it).
Kraft. Aya bi'l iztirr, By force, unwillingly.
re bltan, To strain. To squeeze, to press. To turn,
to revolve. To besmear or checker any cloth with blood or water.
re Ju bl agandan, To drop the wing, to droop.
A Vil, bill iktiz, From necessity.
ig r;"| blgar, The main beam of a house.
pJ \! balgiritan, To grow. To get the upper hand.
* J. bll, The main beam of a house. A thick tree or
piece of wood. A butt for archers to shoot at.
re." bln, Growing, increasing, extending. Moving, oscil
lating. A springe, a snare. A rafter, beam, joist. Fish, or
any kind of victuals eaten with bread. An interstice, interval,
intersole. A space between two doors; or between a gate and
the house; likewise between heaven and hell.
rej blndan, To grow. To cause to grow.
t 13 ***) blndah, Growing. Moving, shaking. Shaken.
"c- Ju bl-nishin, Sitting high, occupying the chief seat.
sh; c- * , je * Inferior in dignity, yet sitting in the chief seat.
G- , Az-c zer- \\ Sitting upon a royal throne.
P &\ blnah, Growing, increasing. Moving, oscillating.
A space between two doors, a vestibule. A gin, a trap.
r blni, A covering for the head. A pack-horse.
Pe balndan, To extol, to commend. To let the hair
grow. To cause to move.
* ~ * Yu bl opast, Above and below; heaven and earth.
Pyu blwar (or j,\, blwas), A pitcher full of water.
re-as" bil-himmat, Magnanimous, noble-minded. Gene
rous. Beneficent, benevolent. Most favourable.
* sl bly, A horse led for parade.
Pe blyndan (and J balydan), To extend, Aj', J-49 bi'l &ashiy wa'l ibkr, Morning and evening.
enlarge, spread, reach, arrive at, overtake. To become long.
To equal, match. To ripen. To roll, wallow, toss. To become
turbid, muddy. To fear, dread. To commend highly.
* <! blyik, A gnat, a small fly.
*Ju blyn (from \, bl), Above, superior.
* -3' J bl-i-yft, Perquisites.
***!"bill badhah, Suddenly, unexpectedly.
- "J", Balbus, Name of the kingdom of jx.3 Kandahar.
bill-par, The adoption of better habits,
A J ballat, Moisture, humidity. Anything good.
A J-1", Ja bit tasili wa'l ijml, Prolixly and com hour, now, presently.~;"> J In act and power.
Pndiously, diffusively and succinctly.
AAAu bit takdir, By chance. Providentially.
A bit tamn, Totally, entirely.
J
a bi'l jumlat, Totally, generally, universally. Upon the
whole, in a word, to sum up all, to conclude.
A &
blih, Barren (ground).
A Je". bi'l hakk, In truth. Truly, justly, deservedly.
a Je", rthalal, Lawfully.
*A* bi'l khatar, With danger. Dangerously.
A J. s bi'l khayr, Happily, fortunately.
A Ju blid, (part.) Inhabiting; an inhabitant.
A c-wl bid daft, At different times. Often, frequently.
A c-3's bi's zt, In person, essentially, by himself. -
Pej bl-zan (from Ju bl, Wing, and Jj zan, Striking),
Moving or striking the wings, flying. Business.
rej bl-zin (from J and cj), The flaps of a saddle.
A v Balis, Name of a town near the bank of the Euphrates.
P balast, A virgin, a maid.
P e- balustan, To bless, to pray blessings upon another.
P Jl blish, A cushion, a pillow. Bedding. A staple. A
certain weight of gold. (from es balidan) Growth, in
crease. Development. Vegetation. 3.3 Jl. A cushion to
put under one's elbow. J- 'Ll A high throne.
P Ju blisht, A cushion, a pillow. A span.
r 3.4% baishtak, A little cushion, a pad.
P J-9 balushtan, To invoke a blessing upon another.
P *** balishchah, A little cushion put upon a saddle.
P <<!" balishak, The flaps of a saddle. A little cushion.
A ), Jek-]) _5 Ja bi's sidki wa'l ikhlasi wa's s,
In truth, sincerity, and purity.
A --al bi's sawb, Justly, properly, reasonably.
A ri bi': zarurah, From necessity, by constraint, force.
A \), ** bittawai war ris (or j), t bit tawei
wa'likhtiyr), Spontaneously, freely, with good will. .
A J,), Jia bit tuli wa'l tarz, In length and breadth.
A !), j bi'l tizz wa'likram, With reverence and honour.
p 8-9 Balagh, Name of a country north of Persia.
A 8-9 bligh, Arriving, reaching, happening, coming to pass.
cus ,<2\,\!) J- , \\ Reaching the highest perfection of
virtue or learning. p J- 8-9 bligh shudan, To come of age.
P t!" ballugh or balugh, A kind of cup made of horn, in use
among the Georgians. A goblet of wine.
A \u blight-a, The feet and shanks of sheep.
AJ-V), 22.9 bilghudi-iwa'lsl, Morning and evening.
A --~i bi'l ghazab, In anger, with indignation.
A J bi'l fiel, In fact, actually, really, effectually. At this
c Lw balkis, (B4Yawazov) Bugloss, borage.
A &as_\ bi'l kasd, On purpose, by design. Wilfully.
r &&.u blgnah (or &Q's blknah), A lattice-window.

 J 238
AJ& bi'l kull (or 3.3\} bi'l kulliyat), Totally, entirely,
wholly, universally, all together.
A J bi'l kaml, Perfectly, completely.
A yu bi'llaghw, Inconsiderately, thoughtlessly.
A 'll bi'llah, By God! ***) a!\! bi'llahi'l azim, By the
great God! (a form of swearing). r Jy a!\! To go to school.
A sl bi'l marrah, At once.
A * bi'l mushfahah, Face to face.
A J* bi'l matna', Really, truly. In fact. Mysteriously.
* * -a-hadis-i bi'l magna', A mysterious but true oracle.
J J mak!-i bi'l matna', Wonderful but certain accounts.
"A &-\;<\; bi'l muwajahah, In presence of, face to face.
r = <!! balang, A citron. A cucumber.
r;..." balang, A species of sweet basil. A citron. The
mountain-balm, or calamint.
re);- ** balangoy kh'urd, A species of sweet basil.
r;" bl, A tetter, a ring-worm. A wart, a mole. A cherry.
A whole brother.
P blaca, A disorder causing the nails to drop off.
A ---> bi'l waib, Necessarily, properly.
P e','!' balwad, A bustard.
r_j\}\, bal-war, (from J bland A, wr) Winged.
rj','!' blwazah, A swing, a see-saw.
p4-'s balwsah, Cloth in the loom.
rl blwnah, A sparrow. A swallow, a martin. A bird
of Paradise. A butterfly. A bat.
p :\}'s blwh, A swallow.
p &\,\! balwayah (or &\;\plwyah), A sparrow. A swallow.
P * bld, A garment made of lamb-skin. Increase.
re bldan, To build a nest. To render muddy. To
grow, to increase.
ry bal-war, (from J% bl and 23 war) Winged.
A V:\, bi'l war, Openly, publicly, in the sight of all men.
r &yu blwartah, Asparrow. A swallow. A butterfly. A bat.
P J blrgi, A cullender or strainer.
P J-k balus, Adulterated camphor.
* J balush, An idol. A louse. Impure, nasty.
A &=3| blgat, A hole or sink in the middle of houses in the
East, into which they sweep all the filth. A common sewer.
P 43% blyah, A swallow, a martin. A bird of Paradise.
p 40 balah, A box, a vessel for holding perfumes. A sack.
The summit, top. Above. A complaint, lamentation.
A J bli, Old, worn (garment).
P J bld, He increased. A rustic shoe.
re." blidagi, Growth, vegetation. Pride.
"J". bldan, To extend, grow, enlarge, spread, reach,
arrive at, overtake. To match, equal. To ripen. To roll, toss,
wallow. To become turbid, muddy. To grow long. To dread,
fear. To commend (any one) highly.
e
f slu blidah, Extended. Grown (the hair of the head).
* - Blsar, (s aT&T) The town of Balasore.
r & Qu blik, A shoe, a slipper.
P J bln, A bed, a pillow, a cushion. A prop.
P --r, e." balin-parast, A deceiver. Lazy, unemployed.
PU-w Blys, The country of As Kandahr.
A&W baliyah, (fem. of ball) Old, worn out.
P F bm, Morning, dawn, break of day. A vault, arch, or
ceiling of a room external or internal. A terrace. A lip. Above,
upwards. (for asam) Colour; as F t surkh-bn, Inclin
ing to red. (for * bamm) A bass-viol. (for '', wam) Debt.
s .* (s9 z s ''', <!; .*, Jy ***k,
** , or t- **) The ninth or empyrean heaven. * *
Any lofty building. The sky. ---. The eye-lid. yi-
Heaven. &\j * The lower heaven, the firmament. .*
v-- The fourth heaven, c-- ** To be ruined and desolate.
p\, \, b m, (from \, b and L m) With us.
P *r-s bambarah, Dignity, order, degree.
* L: ** bm-posh, A covering for the roof. A roof.
f ex-l bmdd (or Ja bamddn), In the morning.
P e. b'amadan, To enter, come in.
A <!), s bi amri'llahi takla', By the command of God.
P rk bm-rah, A ladder, a stair, a step.
p ej bm-zad, A kettle-drum.
P *** ba mazah, Sweet, savoury.
ru-s bmas, Satiated with the world.
re-s bm-sitn, A terrace, balcony, or open gallery.
r u b maskanat, Modest. Modestly.
re-c Bmshd, Name of a celebrated musician.
P *...! bm-gh, The morning, next morning, to-morrow.
P e's ** bm-guln, A large stone-roller used for smoothing
and hardening the flat roofs of houses.
Per ba man, With me.
re-s bm-nishin, Ruined, destroyed.
peu bmn, A scoundrel, a coward. A catamite.
P &c" bamah, A long beard. Long-bearded (man).
P J Bmi, Name of the city of Balkh.
P J-9 bmiyn, An indifferent writer. Name of a district in
e- Khistn.
*** bmrah, A step, a degree. A little window in a gate.
P
Fer Bamin, (or er) Name of a town in Hart.
e." bna (forc bayana), (fut, Jr. yabinu) He excelled.
#: A
reju bn, A horse of high blood. A prince, lord, chief, or
governor. A hypocrite. The tamarisk-tree. An iron rocket
used (for to**a noun,
war.added
Bn, inwhen
A roof. a(for
bm) signifies keeper or bng)
- ** A aS
guardian:
c-su bgh-bn, A gardener; el, Je dar-bn, A. *::::
A J% bn, Name of a tree, the myrobalan, whence the
 29
thd. balsam, called Benzoin or Benjamin is extracted. It resembles
350ft. the tamarisk, and grows in great abundance in Arabia Felix.
h coul, bnt, Broad-cloth. PU-2,3 <2\,\ A woollen-draper.
s J Bnras, (s ) A city in India, situated
on the banks of the Ganges, held sacred by the Brahmans.
r w bn-barbit, (in ancient Persian) An elephant.
s r, el, bnparast, (s) An anchoret.
A&M binat, An interstice, an interval. Distinction.
Plt b'inj, There, to that place.
su bins, (s as) A bamboo.
p J bnkish, Turpentine.
A \l Banikya, Name of a place below Kufa.
PU.9% bnkash, A pigeon (especially the male) when cooing.
r &l bng, A voice, sound, cry, clamour. A small dagger.
Name of a fragrant shrub, and of a medicinal seed. (4!).--&l
orja .<!') To call to prayer, by the crier, from the mina
rets or towers of the mosques, which is made five times a day.
J JA <&l. To complain against fortune. 2%) .<!
wi The blast of a trumpet announcing the approach of a great man.
J cl. To withhold, to keep. To drive, to repel. ~&W
f
lic Name of a note in music. ey's .<!" (or e ck)
A public profession of the Muhammadan religion. A knowledge
of the Muhammadan law.
rej &W bang-an, The crier who announces the hour of
prayer.
"J-! b'angusht giritan, To compute, to reckon.
H<! bngah, Raw cotton.
s
re bngidan, To cry with a loud voice.
*} bini, A princess, a lady. A flaggon. J.A.-- ;',
The sun, raw ' Zulaykha (Potiphars wife). 39 y The
ff."
blooming princess. 3. ex~ humyn-bnit, The august prin
Cess. --- ** ;', J- The lady Narcissa with black eyes
(i. e. the narcissus), or figuratively (a beautiful woman).
P'y b naic or b nuw, Rich. Fortunate. Warlike.
Having a sweet voice. A man's name.
rl bnuj (or z bnch), A swing, a see-saw. arranged. 5." A9 Most noble. P J A', .* The most
p--~~}}'', Bni, kashasp, Name of Rustam's daughter.
P &" banah, Pubes; also the hair encircling those parts.
A j bni, (part.) Building. An architect. A composer.
rej b niyzn, The indigent. Creatures.
A u- Baniys, Name of a town and of a river in Syria.
Al, bniyat, An arch, a vault.
rjj bni-kr, An architect. A composer. An author.
p bni-kri, Architecture. Composition.
* ba-w, Becoming proud, vain-glorious, boasting, bragging.
*** * (from u bi, with, and, a Him), 92 29.2%)
*r ba'a basar burd, He passed his time with him.
,\, bwt-shikan,(Abraham)the iconoclast. (BURhAN).
****,\, b wujd (from \, b and ex-, wujud), Existing,
239 39
being present. Excepting. Nevertheless. Notwithstanding.
Particularly, chiefly, especially. Namely.
ry bawar, True, faithful, honest, creditable. Truth, faith,
Jy" bwarkardan, To believe, to give credit.
belief, credit.
pus-), bwarchi, (in the dialect of Khrzam) An officer
who takes care of a great man's table. A cook.
P &\sley," bawarch?-khanah, A kitchen.
p J, Bward, Name of a hero; also of a city in Khursn.
r so), bwardi, A kind of pottage.
P J bwars, Games with dice or cards. A woman whose
husband has another wife very prolific.
P Jy" bwaridan, To believe, to give credit.
P J-k bw.usni, The wife of a husband who has got another
wife and a child. One of several wives of the same husband. A
wife whom her husband does not love and seldom visits.
P i.e." b was, Notwithstanding, nevertheless.
ry." ba wakar, Majestically, with dignity.
P J* Bwal, Name of a place famed for its silks.
re. bwl, A large well. A bird whose wings being par
tially deprived of their feathers is turned loose, that a young fal
con may easily catch him and thus be taught to hunt.
P sl b way (from ba and way for , 3) With him.
P ** bawz, Come along. Go to.
P c bwn, A little basket, a work-basket.
p s bh (or \su bh), Adultery, fornication. Vigour, de
sire. So be it! Ah! alas! Body, person. Broth, pottage, gruel.
A su bh, A large area, surrounded by houses or tents. Coitus,
P \su bh, A kind of food.
r_j\s bhr, A wrestler. A cup. A manner of reading.
p --S bahat, A stone which is said to make any person
laugh whose eyes should chance to light upon it.
p.s... bahadah, True, just.
r/s b har (from \, b and A har), With every, with all.
AAU bahir, Conquering, overcoming. Superior, greater,
more excellent. Open, public, manifest. Bright (moon). A
vein in the forehead. fLA's als Words most excellently
prosperous king. Je A", A To make manifest and clear.
A"yu bhiran, Excellently. Publicly.
A +, s bhirt, Ships.
A 5, s bhirat, (fem. of yu bhir) Excellent. Excellence,
superiority. 5, s ~!s Eminent perfections. P Jy 5A,
c-. To be bright, to shine. To be celebrated.
A las' bahiz, Troublesome, difficult. P J ** To vex.
A Ju bhil, (A she-camel) having no marks of a ring through
the nose, or of the wooden machines which they usually fasten to
their udders to prevent colts from sucking. (A woman) at her
own disposal, sauntering about, doing nothing. A shepherd
without his crook.
A als bahilat, Free from marriage.
 240 - J
P *** b ham, (from \, b and ** ham) Together, along with. **** b yakdigar (or g b Jakdigar), With one
Also, likewise.ea." \! b ham amadan, To come together. another, together, mutually, reciprocally.
To fall in a passion. es e." * To chain, to fetter. c bygn, A guardian, a treasurer.
P.

X- \! ba hamdigar, Together, along with. By mutual en A J b-in (part of J) Distinct, separate, divided. Re

deavours, ee> * > * ** To be on very friendly terms. pudiated. Manifest, clear, evident, notorious. Declared. Those
res bhum, A fair wind, the wind in poop. who milk cattle on the left side (such as milk on the right side
rev's bhamn, He, such an one. being named J.-- mutalli). That part of a bow most distant
r & S <s ba hamah keh, Although, notwithstanding. from the string (.3% bni expressing the horms or parts of a
p >\ bhu (or * ph), A crook; and that part in parti bow to which the string is made fast). That part of a well
cular which is grasped in the hand. A stout walking-stick, a which is farthest from the bottom, the surface.
club. A large space of ground. (s &T) The arm. p e!" ba' in, (contraction of \, b e." in) With this.
r &A bihah, The sea. Any large piece of water that cannot A & bi-inat, (in law) The evidence of four witnesses.
p J-x bynisti, Annihilable, destructible.
be forded. A strong horse.
A J bh, Empty (house) A *::\ ba-ihat, Lean, extenuated (sheep).
* ..s bay, A city. &\}) al bayiyat, The feast of palms.
A

rl, by, It is proper, it behoveth. re." bayidan, To be necessary, or requisite. To behove.

re-" A b'ayym bar amadan, To grapple with ad
versity, to contend against misfortune.
A -3% bit-it, (part.) Being in the night-time, passing the
night, watching. A night or day preceding (one night having
intervened). Yesterday's victuals, the remains of what has been
eaten the day before.
A 3-u b-ijat, A misfortune.
A t ba-ih (or * b-kh), Fatigued.
A J-J bi ayyi hl, How In whatever condition.
P &\, bayad, It is necessary, it behoves.
r &\ u byad shyad, As it should be, fit, proper.
Aj. b-ir, Confused, confounded, astonished, struck with
amazement. Jj- h-ir b-ir, Irresolute, perplexed in mind,
incapable of acting by his own power or following the advice of
others. B-ir (and 5, 9 b-irat), Uncultivated ground.
A j b-iz, (part of j) Living at ease.
P *}." Byzd, A proper name (Bajazet).
A u- b-is, (part of U.:) Miserable, pressed with want.
r -u byist, It is necessary, it behoves.
P *" byistagh, The heart's desire, wish.
P J-49 byistan, To be necessary or requisite.
P J-49 byistani, Necessary to be done.
PG-3, u byist-i wakt, As circumstances require.
P 4-A bayistah, Required. Necessary. Us-s <-u b
yista-i hasti, Whose existence is necessary, self-existent.
P <<-9 byisk, Physiognomy. A man's name.
A babb (or e\r babn), A species, kind, sort, mode.
A-, re- hum baban-i wahid (or A-\, -e- J), They are
equals, peers, of the same sort, following the same mode of life.
F \ ba ba, How many? How, in what manner? Bub, A
kind of meat. A fire with which they dress food on the top of a
hill. A door.
P * babarah, A stalk, a stem. An esculent root.
p? ba bal, Above, upwards.
re- ,J\ ba bil-i digar paridan, To fly with ano
ther's wings: (metaph.) to succeed by the assistance of another.
* ba bay, Remain thou.
P
A & babbat, The voice of an infant, crying Papa. A hand
some young man inclining to corpulency. A fool, blockhead,
lazy, indolent fellow. A man's name. A girl's name.
P - bibtak, Part of a cluster of grapes or dates.
P r ba badi, Wickedly, maliciously.
pr babar, A tiger. A leopard. A lion. Bread soaked in
butter. (imp. of eye, burdan) Bear, carry, or take thou.
p_r babur, The disposition or order of things, providence,
foresight, government, counsel, opinion. (imp. of J&J' buri
dan), Cut thou, strike off.
p_r bibar, A mouse.
P Jr babar-bayn, A kind of military cloak made of *
leopard's skin (such as was worn by the famous Rustam Zl the
Persian Hercules). Brisk, alert, nimble, active, ready.
Aly- bubrllat, A kind of herb, birthwort, aristolochy.
Fr babrj, The mandrake. -

A Ji b-iz, (part. of Lir) Laying eggs. A hen.
A t bi-ie, (part of t) Buying. Selling. Bargaining.
A seller, a merchant. (A woman) much courted on account of
beauty, whom many men wish to marry. A courtezan, a pros
titute for hire. A young deer, bounding at full speed.
A l, b-ikat, Misfortune, calamity. Injury, iniquity.
A\ babagh, (spas. Papagayo) A parrot. A nighting
r\,\! JJ sr. The nightingale with sweet notes.
r t babak, The pupil of the eye. Children, offspring:
p J.L bablus (and J.K.), Dry mouldy bread spoiled by
the mice. A louse. A tumour, swelling, inflation. A kind of
butter, or fat of mutton, the eating of which is said to be good for & .

A 30 bayik, A young plump she-camel of a fine shape. disorders in the eyes.

 t 241 J
h AJ3: bubir, (pl. of r babar) Tigers, leopards. Soldiers. P Jk batkh, Bird's dung. Name of a bird. But-khl,
"J babul, A species of mimosa yielding gum arabic. Name of an idol-temple.
i. i. rul \ bap bash, Stand up.
y- r &\su but-khnah, An idol-temple. (met.) A tavern, inn,
re-ys) * ba pay andar amadan, To slip, to fall. house of public entertainment.
reele J bapy ddan, To throw away. *Aj batara (fut. Pr yaaru), He cul off.
e---> - - A 2 batr (from 23), Cutting off. Tearing up.
t: ruj * ba pay shudan, To stand upright. p_ batar (for F.A. badtar), Worse.
, Pe-g bapswidan, To wipe, to clean. To rub. A 24 batr, (fem. of Alabtar) Docked. A las khutbat-i
fat: T J-r bapsudan, Rubbing, touching. batr), A Muhammadan prayer, or rather the mutilated preamble
rejr bapsidan, To anoint. To rub gently. to it, two solemn articles being omitted, in one of which they
f s- bapsidah, Anointed. Rubbed. Bored. praise God, and in the other they bless the prophet.
ex, bapgan, Throw thou. Nauseating, loathing. P - batirhank, A covering, shelter.

P U bapesh, Before, in presence of P |-2 batarja, Pudenda. Quick flesh under the nails.
P bat, A line drawn to distinguish separate names in a ca- P j batrah, Obstinacy, stubbornness. Wounded.
talogue, or articles in an account; a mark, a score. A 42. Butryah, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
r bat (bit or -3 pat), A weaver's shop. Weaver's size. rj a bitsyr, Calamity, misfortune.
* , Boiled rice. The warp of a web, a web in the loom. A duck. A s bae, A long neck, and firm well knit joints. Bite or
r but, An idol, an image, any figure that is an object of bitat, Wine made from honey or fresh dates. Bitat, (A horse)
*** adoration. God. , Truth. having a long and strong neck.
il *A - batta, (fut. C- yabuttu or yabittu) He cut. A t batt, (fem. of ** abtat.) All, universal.
A G-d batt, Cutting, breaking off. A carpet. A cloak. p_ batghar (98 batur orj batkr), The beak and
p\ ba t, Till when? How long? Rice dressed with milk | claws of rapacious birds and wild beasts.
and butter. Bit or but, Let alone, relinquish, leave. r 3,38 bat-farib, Name of the twenty-fourth day of the
A col batt, Any thing sudden, abrupt, and not repeated. month according to the aera of Jalalu'd din.
Wiaticum, provision for a journey. Tapestry, carpeting. Mar- P.J.; batur, The mouth. The parts around the mouth.
riage-preparations. Household furniture or utensils. Battt, *A t bataka, (fut. - r yabtiku or yabtuku) He cut.
A maker and vender of tapestry. A & batk, (from 3) Cutting, dividing, amputating.
A As batdah, Quick, expeditious in business. Catching hold of any thing, laying violent hands upon. Bitak
s Aj. battr, Sharp, cutting (sword). (pl. of & bitkat) Parts, portions.
ry batrah, A machine for glazing linens. r bitk, Writing. A letter, a book.
p J. batzagi, Recently, lately. r 3, butak, (diminutive of ~ but) A little idol.
P * batashah, A sweetmeat, confection. A & bitakat, A part or portion of any thing, (particularly
s "g butanj, A wife, a spouse; especially one of many who of a thing contained in another). The beginning (of the night).
M. have one husband in common. PT J bitkch?, A writer, a scribe.
* battiwar, End, consummation. Health. P ex- batakalan, To suffer pain from indigestion.
y "j batwar, Health, safety. -
f s, but-kadah, An idol-temple. (met.) A tavern.
A J bat-il, (pl. of a l batilat) The fleshy parts of the P s bitkan, A head-ache produced by indigestion. A rake.
body. Shoots, cions of a palm-tree. P e--: bitkandidan, To suffer from indigestion. To nau

* "J* bata-idan, To quit, to leave, to pass by. seate one's food.

t butbr (or butbrah), Affliction. A giant, demon.
". ** bathi, Sour milk. (See: papani).
x} * but-parast, An idolater. A fane, an idol-temple.
"J-- but-parasti, The worship of idols, idolatry.
g A & battat, A cutting off. A section.
A & battat (or &" al battal), Altogether, totally.
"L- but-tarash,
p
An idol-maker, a sculptor.
& batakh, Squeezing, straining, pressing.
. r bukhi, Bird's dung.
:: re:\ks Batkhk, Name of a place near Kbul.
P batkub, ( batkut or patkub), A kind of
food made of cream or milk, walnuts, and garlick.
P U-3 batkesh, A quiver.
A J- batl (from J) Cutting, dividing, removing.
p k bitlab, The husk of dates. The plant southernwood.
A & batlat, A cutting off, a separation.
P e-le , U * ba talkh o tursh riza dadan, To bear
trials and hardships contentedly.
PJ* batlur, A kind of food made of cream or milk, walnuts,
and garlick. A confection made of nuts and quinces.
2 I
 **
A *" Al buttam, Name of a place.
A 't bi tammih, Entirely, altogether.
r" ba tanh, Sole, one, separate. See \ tanh. the body (chiefly of animals). A high and hardened hill of sand.
*** batanj or bitanj, Compression.
rj c- but-nigr, A painter, a limner.
Pus batani, An instrument for thrashing corn, a flail.
A :- batw, (from ;-) Dwelling, remaining in a place.
r bataw, The East. A place much exposed to the sun.
Bat, A funnel. A knot in the stalk of a plant. A stone-mortar.
Bito, A wine-vessel, a cask. A handle. A pestle.
r;: bato, To thee.
rj';* baticz, A perch, a roost for falcons.
A -->;- butt, (pl. of c- batt) Cloaks, made of coarse silk.
P 95- baturk, A subterraneous granary. A tambourin.
r 4 batk, A kind of wooden basket, or tray, in which
garden-stuff, fish, or bread, is carried about and sold.
A J:- batl, A virgin averse from marriage and worldly con
cerns from religious motives, a vestal, a nun. With the addition
of the article (J;-) al batul), the Eastern Christians use it as
one of the names of the Virgin Mary; whilst the Muhammadans
apply it to Ftima, the daughter of Muhammad, and wife of the
Khalf Ay. Batul signifies also the shoot of a palm, when
ready to be planted by itself; or a young shoot already planted.
p & batah, A crucible. A muller. Dried rice.
II & battah, Extra allowance to troops in the field. Ebb-tide.
F \,: bat-huica, Orach.
A J battiy, A maker or vender of tapestry.
P batya or bity, The breast.
P batyab, Adversity, misfortune.
r bayr, Ugly, detestable. A demon inhabiting the
woods. Bityr, Trouble, affliction. A glass urinal.
r s biarah, Grief, trouble, affliction, injury.
Py batr, (equivalent to Aj fatr) Unleavened bread.
Ay:- butayra, (dim. of V batra) Partially docked.
r x' JJ, ba trna midyad, He searches with a lantern,
but he finds it not. - -
P e-- 32 ba tagh khstan, To stand on end (as the hair).
A J Batil, Name of a mountain in Yammah spear). Swelling almost to bursting (cattle from eating too much).
A & L bailat, A shoot from a palm-tree planted and flourish
ing at a distance from the parent tree. Any joint or member of
the body, with the flesh belonging to it, a fleshy part.
p &l batilah, The wick of a candle, or lamp.
p & butznah (or \,, butzn), Penitence, repentance.
r & Bitiyah, The town of Battiah in Bahr (India).
A cl bass, State, condition. Any thing dispersed, scattered, bring
divulged, propagated, published. Grief, sorrow, affliction.
A \ basa (or g basi-at) Plain, smooth, soft ground. A
country in Arabia. Name of a fountain.
A c, bisas, (111 of t bassa) Communicating (a secret).
242 \-9
* -
A & basbasat (from t 0) Scattering. Divulging.
Aj basr, A pustule, pimple, tubercle, small excrescence on
Water absorbed in sand. A well of little depth of water.
A SA basrat, A single pinple.
A t basat (from S) Protuberating from a surcharge of
blood (a lip). Having the lips turned inwards (in laughing).
A 8- basagh, (The eyes or other parts of the body) when
overloaded with blood. Blood ready to burst from the skin (espe
cially in the lips).
*A G basaka, (fut. G yabsuku) He rent, he tore.
A G bask or bisk (from G), Tearing, lacerating. Breaking
down banks, dikes, or mounds (a river). Diffusing water, over
flowing (a river). Starting in the eye (tears). Bisk, The place
or breach through which water bursts.
A & buslat, Fame, celebrity, renown.
A & basnat and bismat, Plain, equal, level and soft ground.
A beautiful woman with a soft skin. Soft sand. Butter. The
finest kind of wheat (so called either from the soft rich soil which
produces it, or from the following country where it grows).
A 3...!" Al Basanatu, Bethania, a rich level country near
Damascus, where Job is said to have been born.
A 3." al basaniyat, Bethanian wheat, and in general all
wheat grown on plains, (in contradistinction to &A.-jabaliyat
which grows on hilly grounds).
A_ busir (from 23), Being covered or afflicted with pim
ples (a body). (pl. of A. basr) Pustules, pimples, tubercles.
A 83% busie (from S--), Swelling with blood (the lip).
A U-23 busik, (pl. of G bisk) Breaches made by rivers.
A J basy, Lavish in the praises of others.
AA basir (or ** basir kasir), Many, much.
A & busaynat, (dim. of & basnat) A beautiful woma".
r & baj, A strainer for water, wine, and the like. The in
side of the mouth. Bij, Rice. Buj, A goat. The cheek, the
ball of the cheek, the external part of the cheek and mouth. The
hair on the forehead.
>k A g baija, (fut. ** yabujju) (The boil) burst. * *
A g baij, (from g baija) Bursting (a boil). Piercing (
P \=. baja, In its place. True, accurate. Right, proper.
AA=. Baj, Name of a tribe in Arabia.
A \s, bajj, An eye having the lashes far asunder.
P e--" \ ba j madan, To be executed, accomplished.
P Ue." \s ba.j wardan, To accomplish, to execute. To
A Q- to bear.
bajad, To know.of Arabian cloak or upper garment of
A kind -
striped cloth. Tapestry.
A *A*. bajarim, Adversities, evils.
- lord
A J bajal or baijl, A prince, an aged chief, a great lo".
 C-9 243 t:

a powerful man. An old, corpulent, and, on that account, re- r t bijashk, A farrier. A blacksmith. A corn-dealer.
spectable man, (the Eastern nations in general considering cor- P <<+: bifashik, A measure of dry goods. A vender of
pulent men as the peculiar favourites of God). A fat camel. drugs, simples, or medicinal herbs, an apothecary, A physician.
p Jbujl, A live coal. (for -si, panjushk) A sparrow.
-

rele Je .** bajm-i tadl dadan, To give what is just.
p J bajn, With all one's soul, heartily.
re J bajn madan, To be wearied out, displeased,
disgusted. To be ready to die. e e To distress, to kill. | in the East, raised pretty high above the ground, upon which
P s bajnib, Towards (the city). 2. --~~~. bajanib-i
5, Towards him, on his side.
p er Jbajn-i man, On my account, out of regard for me.
ra-, J bajan-i withid, By one's self, alone.
A s Bajwat, Name of a province of Arabian Nubia.
A cl bajwyt, Pertaining to the tribe of t Baj.
r & K bajkalah (or al hachkalah), A flaggon, a stone
bottle, or large strong vessel, in which wine is kept.
|
P * bajkam, A kind of stone-seat in the porches of houses
they sit or recline in warm weather. The lower part of the house
where they live in winter-time. Name of a Turkoman tribe.
A J bajal, What is sufficient. Bujul, A false imputation,
a great calumny, a wrongful accusation.
P J bujul, The leg-bones of sheep. A kind of children's
game with these bones.
-

res bajy, In lieu of , sl. In lieu of him. A J Bajtat, Name of a family.

A ** bajm, Fruit of the tamarisk. Bajam (or *:::: bujum),
A Bajyat, Name of a maritime city of Africa.
r-J, bajayj, Every where, in all places. (from **) Being quiet. Lying still through fear or fatigue.

Pe-, s ba.jy rasidan, To arrive at, attain, accomplish.
A z bajbj (or 3-\ bajbjat), A man whose flesh
shakes
A on account of his
bajbajat, Anycorpulency.
kind of song, dangling, playfulness, or
amusement, with which infants are coaxed into good humour.
A Baijat, Name of an idol.
:: A * bajiha, (fut. ** yabjahu) He rejoiced.
A * bajah, Joy, gladness.
*** bajidd, Diligent, serious, attentive. Urgent, pressing,
importunate. Quick, alert. Diligence. Diligently.
Pla bajuda, Separately, asunder. See |3-jud.
A s bajdat, bujdat or bujudat, The substance (of any busi-
ness). Bajdat, Knowledge, science. 5*e." ibn bajdat, (Son
of knowledge) a skilful, intelligent, able man.
A js. bujdak, The herb flea-wort.
A J* Bajdal, Name of a celebrated man.
Aj, bujr, A misfortune. An important and dangerous af-
fair (pl. of ' abjar) Having a swelling at the navel. Bajar,
A tumour, rupture, or other distemper affecting the navel. A
projection of the belly. Bajar and bujar, Defects. Internal
t
constitutions. The twisting of the intestines.
t
AA bajr, (fem. of j abjur) (A woman) afflicted with a inside of the mouth. The hair on the forehead.
swelled belly, rupture, or disease of the navel.
" ****, baijir whng, Tobacco.
Delaying. Being contracted. Contracting one's self.
p *hajan (or **. bachum), Order, arrangement.
- A *-* bijanit, With all, on all sides.
hi Js *** bjuntari mahal, Aux on licensed prute.
PU- bajins, In kind, sort, species. Pure, unmixed.
re-: J- 2';*. bajiwar-i hakk paytcastan, To die (to
join the neighbourhood of truth).
r --: bajjiy, (in ancient Persian) A female. The womb.
A ex, bujd (from A*), Abiding in a place.
r_< Bijwar, Name of a country bordering upon India.
Ii V bajura, A citron.
P J;+. bujl, The heel. The leg-bone, the shank.
P g ba jihat, Because, on which account.
A 2+. C. kasir) bajr, Very plentiful, extremely numerous.
Bujayr, (dim. of A aljar), Hence y--: A proverb,
implying, one who censures another for a vice, which he himself
has in a higher degree; similar to which is the following ;
**, r*. The swag-bellied forgets his swag-belly.
A J bajil, Corpulent, portly (old man). A prince, chief,
or elder of the people. Honoured, revered. Any thing large.
A & Bajilat, Name of the branch of an Arabian tribe.
r & bach, A child, a boy, a youth. A servant. Buch, The
P r bich bich (or t puch puch), A low tone, a whisper.
Q w

A * (e." ibnu) bajrat, Name of a wine-shop in Arabia A word used by goatherds in calling together their flocks.
P s bachachgn, Boys, children, infants. Whelps, cubs.
Felix, in which one Taifi lived, much celebrated by the poets.
it j. bajarah, A barge used on the rivers in ! ndia. P J-y A. ba charagh raszdan, To enter the service of a
*}+ ba jus, Besides, except. See j- jus. | great man. To make one's fortune.
"L bajs or bajas, The cartilage of the nose.
- - - r j s bachark or bichirk, Derided, mocked.
2 5 -
A d upe.
**L*. bajasa, (fut. U-s yabjusu) He made (water) flow. p Uc bachash, The cartilage of the nose. Languor. Grief.
-

*L*, buijas, (Clouds) pouring down rain.

P K+. bichishk, (voix) Nature.
**-*. bajast, A voice, a sound, an echo. P ** ba chashm, With the eye, i. e. most readily, willingly.
2 I 2
 \-9
- 244
_y=}
* "a chashm imadan, To befal (as a misfortune).
P Jel
re; *** ba chashm kardan, To inspect narrowly. To **bihr-i bahriyat, Tempestuous seas.
look with a malignant eye. To impress. Name of a place. Ls & Mihr,
To choose. re'sy Buhrzandn, Name of a city in Bukhr.
P << bachak, A kind of weapon.
P ex bachakndan, To drop, to distil. A Js: bahrim, Misfortunes, evils.
Ph j bach-kn, A girl adopted by an old prostitute. * Jjbahrn, (P. of eye, buhrn) Turns of, distemper.
p bachkam or bichkam, A summer-house. A court. A
* Jba hl, In itS Proper state or condition. Right, true.
-

Reinstated, happy, flourishing, prosperous. e-T J-To come

hall of audience. A wolf.
p J: bachagn (or es: bachagin), Infants, children.
The young of any animal. s Js bachagan-i didah, Tears.
Js:: Jj <an o bachagn, A woman and her children.
*** bachaginal, Childish, fit for children.
* J, bachal, One who habitually bedaubs his clothes.
*** bachum, Order, method, disposition, arrangement, man
~4 y's My affairs are in an excellent train.
ner, train.
P &c., ba chand, For how much
P & bachah, (s f vatsa, A calf) An infant, a boy, a
to a state or condition. To recover. To be appointed, inverted.
*** bahbahat, A multitude, a crowd.
As== bahbahy, Gay. Enjoying abundance.
A *~~~ buhbuhat, The middle of a house, a court, an area.
* *-*. baht, Pure, genuine, unmixed (as wine with water,
bread with victuals). --~. & arabry baht (and <&
arabyat bahtat), True, genuine Arabians.
A& bahhat, Hoarseness. A gruffness in the voice.
Aj bahtar, Short and compact-bodied. Name of the proge
nitor of an Arabian tribe.

child, a son.
A lion's whelp, or the young of any animal. Ivy.
P & ba cheh, Why? wherefore ? for what? See a-cheh.
p > -s; bacha-i khr (or *);-& bacha-i khrshd),
A ruby.Gold. Silver.
F c- & bacha-i khunin, Tears of sorrow.
r_j\e & bachah-dr, Having a young one. Pregnant.
P J <s bachah-dn, The womb.
P -- J" & bacha-i tawus-i tulicz, The sun. A clear
sun-shiny day. Fire. A ruby.
P J & bachah-kashi, Bearing children.
r; & bacha-i naw, Any new discovery. Young shoots.
rls as: bachah-gate, A calf.
r; as: bachah-g, A foundling. A bastard.
p s bachahwah, A crooked dagger.
P ** bach?ch (or ), A whisper, anything spoken secretly,
whisperingly. A word used by goat-herds in managing goats. ranean and the Euxine). ris-L- bahr-i akhzar, Heaven. A.
pasus bach'ichah, The quieting of an infant. A word used 23-) bahrul akhzar (and <\;< bahrul Hind), The Green
by shepherds in calling their flocks.
pjha chie, Small, diminutive. Mean.
p 45} ba chizi na giritan, To make no account of.
A t bahh, (a. bahah, & bahhat and &-> buhhat),
Having a hoarse, rough voice. Saying bah bah. Being joyful.
Buhh, (pl. of c abahh) Hoarse. Fat. Thick timbers. Games
of chance, or the arrows with which they play. Denarii, pennies. | cakhkhr, A swelling sea. (met.)
A -->bahs, Controversy, debate, dispute, contest, argument,
question. A wager. J-> <--> Contention and altercation.
P e-A <<To debate, dispute, contend, argue. Tolay a wager.
A s-, -, bahsa-bahsi, Argumentation, controversy.
A **** bahsajat, Shepherd's staff (a herb).
A SAs, bahsarat (from 2-, q), Separating. Being scattered.
P J A --s ba hujjat bar miyamadan, To fail in logic.
A Jes: bahdalat, Agility and lightness of step.
P f A& ba haddy, To a degree (that).
AA- bahr (from ,<r) Astonishment from terror (as a batar
expresses surprize from joy). Having an unquenchable thirst.
Being afflicted with a disease called As al bahar (a camel).
A sea, an estuary, a great river. A fleet. (A horse) having a
long step. All kinds of Arabic verse, of which there are fifteen.
Spittle, ex- 2- : Ji- A. bahr-i abya; tea bahr-i **
The White and Black Sea, (i. e. the Egean with the Mediter
Sea. The Indian Ocean. The Indus. c--bahr" hasab,
Name of a certain treatise on arithmetic. 2}=\;< bahru'l kha
zar, The Caspian Sea. ;=\;< bahrul Khrzam, Name
of a lake into which the river Jihun flows. J bahru'r
rihm, The lower part of the womb, or belly. *}}< bahru'r
Rilm, The Grecian or Mediterranean Sea. j"> bahru's
t
|\ .cx"
- - r

A numerous army. e-y -

A \s bahh, (fem, of c abahh) Hoarse. Saying bah bah. bahru's Sin, The Sea of China. Vj-" bahrul ghamn,
A \ (&), Rbiyatu'l) bahh, Name of a place. Name of a lake in Kshgar. Ls. bahru'l Faris,
A ** bahbih, (pl. of &-> buhbahat) Middles of houses. Persian Gulph. il) > bahrul kultum (or 2-x. lar
A J bihs, (111 of t-) Investigating. Disputing. as ej
ahmar), The Red Sea. p 3A A& j= bahr-i
0a bigiran *

A clr bahhs, A disputant, a controvertist, a polemic. khandak, The highest heaven. Je Jj .e. A bar
damn-i zibak tamal, Clouds distilling rain. J A. bahr.
A_\ dihar, (pl. of ,< bahr) Seas, great rivers, gulphs. 2'--
2, bihr-i awmir, Commands flowing on all sides. 2'- zangi, The Ethiopic Sea. A JVz A. bahr-i tumn, The Sea
 c-
Si of Omn (extending from the Straights of Bbl mandab to the
Persian Gulph). Js- A- bahr-i mas-hur, The enchanted or
heavenly waters; (those which the Muhammadans suppose to be
under the throne of God). a. s." 2,~ bahr-i muhit, The ocean.
rj &# Abahr-i nahang-sr, A bright sword. A 2 > /*
bahrun cabarrun, Sea and land. 8-, 2- bahr-i was it, The
firmament. A liberal hand. A-".<!- banat-i bahr, (Daugh
ters of the sea) vapours, thin clouds, which rise from the sea,
especially before summer. J-, * ma-un bahrun, Salt water.
A JA, buhrn, The crisis of a disease.
A bahrny, Reddish blood. A native of Bahrayn.
A 5- bahrat, A country, region, territory. Manifest, clear.
*A* 33s hazihi bahratuna, This is our territory.
r --; bahr-dast, Liberal, bountiful.
re- bahr-gn, Living at sea, sea-faring. A mariner.
Abuhran, Abounding in water.
r; 525-; bahrza-i tar, Chios, or Cyprus-lurpentine.
p <- 92, s bahrza-i khushk, Frankincense.
A 5-s bahry, Marine, maritime. Of the colour of the sea.
A --> bahrit, A pure unsullied thing.
p J- s,< bahri-kuts, A sea-ox, the tail of which in some
countries they are accustomed to fix to the top of a spear.
A c- bahrayn, (dual) The two seas, the White and the
Black, the Mediterranean and the Euxine. The name of an
island in the Persian Gulph, near to the Arabian shore (called
also Bahrayn), celebrated for a great pearl-fishery. Bahrayni
i
** signifies also, in the Kurn, the two waters, i. e. the salt water
- -
*-
*
of the sea, and the sweet water of the rivers.
**
At s bahsaj. A calf. A camel's colt. A dwarf. Short, and
large-bellied.
g mous Tartar conquerors Ginghiz Khn and Tamerlane; but,
A.--~~ ba hasbi, According to, in the manner of -->.
* t- According to law. As) --~~~. From outward appear
... t
ance. 3,#&" <2\csa!" --> According to the premises.
\ Bukhr in their way; the Russians calling all that extensive
A Ja bahsal, Thick, gross, big. Corpulent.
*
** as: balsalat, Leaping and frisking like mice or moles.
Ac ba hakk, By the truth (in swearing); as, Cs
47, J By the prophet and his posterity. PC-3. Geba hakk
psustan, To unite with truth, i. e. to die. J 42. Cs.
"a hakk sharik shudan, To be a partner in truth, i. e. to be
answerable for the life or safety of.
*** bihukad, A fainting fit, a swoon.
A s: ba hukmi, According to, from, agreeable to, in conor
mily with. *A-" ; From the frailty of human nature. ***
-j" In conformity with religion. r * Agree
able to the exigency; forced by necessity,
A J buhl, A strong impulse.
*Js, bahil (or Js bahili), Pardon, remission, absolution.
A 4) was biland-i Ilah-i tatla', God be praised! By
*grace, r < 4\&s bahamd-i Ilah-i keh, Thank God that.
** bahn (or &u= bahnnat) A cantonment or township,
O45
*
U-9
of the larger size, peculiar to the Campestrian or wild Arabs. . A
great body of men living together.
A & Bahnat, Proper name of a woman.
A &z= buhtat (from G->7) Being pure, unmixed.
A 6-9-1 buhhat (from c bahha), Hoarseness.
A_j}< buhar, (pl. of ,< bahr), Seas, gulphs, bays. Great
rivers or lakes. (for y <; bukhr), Exhalations, vapours.
A &= bahwanat, Small-sized woman. Big-bellied bottle.
A !--- Buhayr, Name of a certain Nestorian monk.
A 52-, bahirat, The tenth colt of a camel, which the Pagan
Arabians, after slitting its ears, used to let loose to wander where
it pleased. (A she-camel) having slit or cropt ears. Buhayrat,
A small sea, a lake. &A 52-3 The sea of Tiberias.
A 32-, Bahilat, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A & bakh, Bravo! well done !
# A * bakhkha, (fut. *: Jabukhkhu) (The business) was of
great importance. (The heat) raged. (The sleeper) snored.
A g bakhatij, (pl. of bakhtaj) Boiled. Decoctions.
A J bakhati, (pl. of 3-3 bukht?) Strong Bactrian camels.
Pylak, bakhr, A wretched and miserable life.
P_\ bukhar, (in anc. Pers.) Wisdom, learning. Idolatry.
Aj, bukhar, Vapour, exhalation, steam, mist. Fever. J
\"" (or p 2-3), Exhalations of water, vapours, fogs.
Pyk; bukhra, Idolatry. A union of sciences. Bukhr,
one of the most ancient and celebrated cities of the East, being
the capital of that fine country of the same name, which lies be
It has
yond the great river Oxus or Jihn towards the north.
had great variety of fortune and of masters, having been taken
and retaken innumerable times; and, amongst others, by the fa
has now belonged, for near 300 years, to the Usbak Tartars.
The Russian caravans, from Moscow to China, take always
tract of country between the boundaries of their empire and
those of China, by the general name of Bukhr. Exclusive of
a wall immediately round the city, it has another comprehending
fifteen towns, within a radius of about twelve English miles.
A --, Bukhary, A native of Bukhr.
p >>. ba khatir, To one's mind. e A& ba khutir
awardan, To bring to mind, regard, pay attention to, recollect.
*** bikht, A vein or nerve in the loins.
A
A&s bakhat, (from *-*) Acknowledging a debt.
t ba khk burdan, To bear through life, carry to
P Jy!
ones grave. s- - - bakhk nishnd (or 9 - 3:
*\- bakhk-i rh misland), He has depressed or rendered
(him) contemptible, (he has laid him on the earth).
A Jbakhkhl, Very avaricious.
A s bakhanid, (pl. of 32.< bakhandt or s ba
khanda) Women full grown, firmly knit in their finger-joints.
 -

C--: 246 C*-9

A cs. bakhbkh, A camel braying. P_3-k; bakht-war or bakhtar, Fortunate. Bukhtwar, Thun.
A bkhbakhat, (from ** Q) Crying O brave! well der. A roaring lion. w

done! Boiling with heat or rage. Working when the heat of P & bakhtah, A ram three or four years old. Any animal
the day is abated. Growing cool. Resting, reposing (cattle). having a thick hide and a fat tail. A collector (of revenue).
Making a hoarse noise in the throat. Puzs bukhtiy, A large strong hairy camel with two bunches.
re-c bakht, Fortune, prosperity, felicity, happiness. Luck r_< bakht-yar, Fortunate. Rich.
(good or bad). A horoscope, nativity, planet, constellation. A P-55'-- bakht-yari, Prosperity; riches.
club, a mace, a battle-axe, or similar weapon. The night-mare. Py-3 bakhty-war, Fortunate.
A. SA-3 bakhsarat, Any kind of impurity or filth (particularly
A kind of locust. A paternal grandfather. --> A bad-bakht
(or c-c shor-bakht), Unfortunate, inauspicious, unhappy. such as is seen in water).
P 2-3 bakhj, Broad, wide. Pressed, compressed, confined,
Ignoble, sordid, inglorious. --> -s; kaw" /-bakht, Ever
glorious, fortunate, or prosperous. --> --S nek-bakht, constrained. A kind of vitriol with which ink is made. Bakhaj,
Fortunate, happy. ** e'- ,--> bakht-i dandan khy, The same. Any thing spread upon the ground (as a carpet,
An ill star or fortune. coverlet, or cushion).
A G-c bakht, Striking. Pusillanimous. P * bakhjij, Sleep.
A --> bukht, A species of large strong and hairy Bactrian
camel with two bunches, used in general for winter-labour. P &s=? bakhjad, Dross, especially of iron.
reas: bakhtk, A helmet, a casque. r_< * bakhjur, Fortunate.
rjus, bakht-arcar, Happy, prosperous, fortunate. Rich. Pea-s bakhjidan (or Jzs= bakhchidan), To extend,
I' <2 --~~~ bakht-bar-gashtah, Unfortunate. stretch out, make plain, flat, level. To surround, go round. To
rj --~6 bakht-bzdar, Whose fortune is awake; fortunate. give one's self trouble.
ag bukhtaj, (p &; pukhtah) Boiled, decocted, cooked. P <=3 bakhchah, (equivalent to a su bghchah) A garden.
P & c-k, bakht-khuftah, Whose fortune is asleep; unlucky. P c-s bakhch:7dan, To roll or wallow upon the ground
r_< bakhtar, The east. Hence the Persians call the sun (as dogs). To revolve, turn round (as wheels).
J.-, 2-3 A. King of the east and west. Hence too is named
that noble and extensive region (Khursn), called by the an r bakh-haj, A nest.
cients Bactriana; and also the great river Bactrus (Am or Ji p"A~; ba khuda, By God, to God, for the love of God.
hn), on account of their eastern situations with regard to Persia. A**** bakhdaj, Fat, swelled (a camel's colt).
r 3s., bakhtak (or --; bakhtank), Little fortune. A =; bakhar (from A^) Stinking. Fetid breath.
* r_< bukhtagr, Lightness. PVs., bakhr, A share, a portion. -

rsa bukhtigrah, Levity. Suspended. y-ll Albakhr, Name of a district, and fetid well in Arabia.
A.

p *** bakhtigri, Skill, cleverness, stratagem. Peak, bikhrad, Intelligent. ele= ..y=. The wisest of the
rsa bukhtgw, Warm water medicinally prepared, and wise (the title of the prime-minister in some Eastern countries).
poured from a vessel slowly over the head; an embrocation. p.se/~h bikhradz, Wisdom, sagacity.
p : six-ak, bakht-mandi, Good fortune. P %-3 bakhrak or bukhrak, A species of wild mountain, or
p, a c-c Bakht-i nassar (Ara." G-k, Bakhtu'n massar), forest-almond, of a hot and humid nature.
(fortune of victory), The prince called in the Bible, Nebuchad r A. bakhrayt, A partner, a sharer.
mezzar. The Eastern historians consider him only as one of the re, A. A.; bakhridan, To burst (a child's lip). Bukhridan
four governors, appointed by Lohorsp king of Persia (the son
| (and eAj bukhidan), To be in agony, throwing one's self
of Kay Khusraw or Cyrus) over his great empire; Babylonia or from side to side, breathing hard and groaning like sick people.
Chaldea being the district delegated to him : as a confirmation of To worship, to serve. To be epileptical.
which, it may be observed, that his son Baltazar was removed r says: bukhrdah, Having the epilepsy or falling-sickness.
from this government by Bahamn or Ardeshir Dirz-dast (Ar r_j}< Bakhzr, Name of a town in Khursn.
taxerxes Longimanus), who substituted in his room Koresh, a *A v.<, bakhasa, (fut. J.< yabkhasu) He diminished.
prince of the blood royal, whom our translators have named P U.<; bakhs (or U.S., pakhs) Heat. Anguish of mind,
Cyrus. Some derive the name of Nebuchadnezzar from three sickness at heart, faintness, decay, consumption. Pining *
Assyrian deities called Nebo, Hadan, and Assar; and others in wasting away with grief or malady. Bikhs, The soft parts of
terpret it to be the servant of Nassar, a Babylonian idol. the nose. Softness. Debility. Bakhis, Wile, mean. Cheap.
* ><: bakht, Thunder. Rapacious. An enemy. A U.<; bakhs, (from U.<) Lessening, diminishing. P
 c-
maging. Being damaged. Deficient, defective, short, scanty.
Sown land which produces grain without being watered. U.<;
J.C. bakhsu'l kayl, Defective in measure. U-3 J saman-i
bakhs, A low price. Ala 3, &# U.<; ) la bakhs fhi wa l
shatat, Neither too little (is given) for it, nor too much; it is a
just price. - P Lck; bakhshish, A gift, a present. The sign Pisces.
P el-s bakhsn, Fusible, melting. Diminishing, wasting
away. Contracted. One who has gone through much trouble.
**-*. bakhsnad, Melting, dissolving.
reu s bakhsndan, To melt, to cause to become liquid.
n
To afflict. To walk gracefully
r -c bakhsab, A snoring in sleep.
}*,
P --~, bakhust, A snore. The night-mare. A locust.
r.
re-33 bakhustndan, To cause to snore.
Pe-C lakhistan, To squeeze or tickle (with the fingers).
Bakhustan, To snore, to snort. Bukhustan, To dote, to rave.
r:-- bakhasta, Pleading guilty, confessing guilt. 3-3-3
cl To confess guilt. To be confessed. To be confirmed.
P u--: Bakhsilus, Name of an ancient king.
P s bakhsum, A beverage made from wheat or millet.
5 t
Pe-k, bakhsudan, To beat, bruise, hammer (so as to make
a convexity) concave. To reap, to mow, to clip, to shear. To
g saw. To pluck up. To fear. To palpitate. To be in anguish.
To melt. To change.
P -s, bakhs, Weak and limber plants which grow without
irrigation. Anything melted. A twitching, a plucking.
PUA-s, bakhsidan, To melt. To be in anguish, pain, af
fliction, sickness, distraction of mind. To wax hot, to become
angry or furious. To squeeze, compress, tickle or twitch (with
the fingers). To snore. To walk gracefully.
P 33-& bakhsidah, Ileated. Melted. Withered. Drawn
together. Walking pompously.
\
* !
Puy~3 bakhsh, Fortune, chance, lot, part. Polished, levelled,
t
smoothed. A fortress, citadel, wall, rampart. A celestial sign.
A fish, Debt. (in comp.) A giver, donor, distributer, or di
vider: as Lc --> hayt-bakhsh, The giver of life. God.
Ls's khata-a-bakhsh, Pardoning sins. U.<3 \e saf
"khsh, Producing pleasure, exhilarating, delightful. L-3 ,
"rid-bakhsh, The granter of desires. Jck; J } nur-baksh,
The giver of light, one who illuminates. The sun. J J-.
*h kardun, To give, to distribute, to divide.
r bakhsha, A giver. (in comp.) Bestowing, presenting.
k; -*. --, .* malik-i mamlik-i mamlakat
*ukhsha, (God) the king of kingdoms, the bestower of empires.
*** bakhshad, May (God) forgive.
"w-s: bakhshndan, To bestow. To pity, to forgive.
******, bakhshanidah, Bestowing. Forgiving.
* < bakhshay, Give thou, Granting, giving.
*** bukhshy, Remitting, forgiving.
"e-s bakhshyidan, To pity, to forgive.
247 c-
p Cl- bakhshyish, Compassion, favour, forgiveness. A
present. J- --~~~ -ey A shower of mercy.
ex-s- bakhshysh-gar, Merciful.
p s-: bakhshyandah, Mostbountiful, or merciful (God).
py-& bakhsh-bandar. A royal custom-house.
P &c U-s: bakhshish-nmah, A deed of gift.
Pe-s bakhshan, Letting one's self down gently.
P J- bakhshandag, Liberality. Forgiveness.
* --> bakhshandah, Liberal, benevolent. Forgiving.
r ex~: bakhshiwad, Trampled, trodden. Expanded.
|
reje;-&; bakhshdan, To give, grant, bestow. To forgive.
p >ex~; bakhshidah, Pardoned (by God).
r &; bakhshah, A portion.
rusts; bakhshi, Fortune, a portion. A giver, a paymaster.
rj- t bakhshi-ju, Paymaster of the household.
P*\;< bakhshi-khanah, The pay-office.
re--- bakhsh/dan, To give, bestow. To pardon, spare.
P Ut-3 bakhshish, A present, an honorary or a pecuniary
gratuity. Drink-money. J U.<; To make a present.
Je Vaz - Ls. To make an offering, to give a largess.
P J% J-, bakhshi-kul, A paymaster-general.
P u- bakhshi-gar?, The rank of commander-in-chief.
r 4. u-s, bakhsh mamlik, A commander-in-chief.
A vas. bakhs, (from Lask.) Tearing out an eye. Bakhas,
The fleshy parts of the fingers and of the feet. Protuberant
flesh about the eyes.
A Jack, bakhsal, Thick, fleshy, corpulent.
A ss bakht, (from S-s) Dying, pining (with grief).
P & bikhfad, A sneezing. -
A C- bakhk, (from G-:) Making blind. Giving one a blow
on the eye, so that it is either struck out, or he is deprived of
the use of it. Becoming blind of, or losing an eye. Bakhak,
A sinking of the eye into the socket.
P Js: bakhkalul, A hard nut. A species of herb.
r &, bakhkalah, (ex~. bakhkalyun or ex~, pakh
kalyan) A walnut or walnut-tree. Cantharus durus.
A J- bukhul, bakhal, and bukhal, Avarice, parsimony.
A \s, bukhala, (pl. of J:s bakhl) Misers.
r s ba khilf, Contrary to.
r }< ba khalicat, Apart, alone.
r &&. bukhlah, A bean. -
P =3 Bakhm, Name of a country famous for its musk.
P & bakhmat, An artichoke.
P J*je =3 ba kham dar shudan, To stoop down. To spy.
A c, bakhn, Tall, long. -
A Sle.<: bakhandat (or sex.<, bakhanda'), A woman full
grown, having the finger-joints firmly knit, and the legs stout.
A C**. bukhnuk, A kind of cloth which the Arabian women
 248
put round their heads and pin under the chin, to keep their clothes
clean when anointing the face. This ointment, when quite pure
from dust, and every other foreign body. A kind of garment
which the Syrian children wear in cold weather. A small veil
for the face. The pellicle or shell on a locust's back.
p ><bakhnaw or bakhnu, Lightning. A father-in-law.
p ex~; bakhmud (or Jck; bakhnur), Thunder. Lightning.
r &;...&; bakhninah, Thunder. Lightning.
rej, bakhnawdan, To thunder and lighten.
A 3-, bakhw, Dates of a bad sort.
P ex" ~}< ba kh'ab amadan, To appear in one's sleep.
p es, bakhwaridan, To labour in mind.
r ex, ba khd, To, with, or by one's self. excl exic To
come to one's self. --3, 2,3 ex-3 (or A4) He hangs his head
(from shame or grief). ex--; Solitary, by one's self.
AJ333 bukhar, Perfume, odour, or any thing which diffuses
fragrance, as aloes, musk, thyme, storax, frankincense, &c.
*P*2+3 bukhr-i maryam or eft J}<; bukhurul akrd,
Maiden-weed. Hog's fennel. Ax~, bukhurul barbar, A
kind of plant which shoots a number of twigs along the surface
of the ground, with small round leaves and white flowers.
P c- ba Khurnidan, To cause one to eat.
Puy~; bukhr-dn, A censer for incense.
r &_3-k; bukhr-shishah, A censer. Perfumes moistened six bad-atan, At first, in the beginning, at the outset, be:
with water and laid upon the fire. fore all other things; (synonymous to which are 3* bad-an, **
p bukhrah, A musk-bag.
e JJ, bukhridan, To become corrupted, to be spoiled.
f s, (xe dew) bakhrdah, Epileptical, subject to the
falling sickness. Frightened, horror struck (as if by a hobgoblin).
A & 5-3 bukht, (from *-*3) Confessing, owning (a debt).
res: bakhn, Difficult, troublesome. The planet Mars.
P .55%-3 bakhyz, A present to a shop, or errand-boy.
rz, bakhich, Wide. Pressed. Black vitriol.
P j bakhidan, To card wool or cotton.
p s, bakhidah, Carded, teased. Pickled.
pr, bakhir (or J-k, bakhil), A kind of artichoke.
p >, bakhaz, An ambush, a dangerous place.
P Jj bakhizidan, To bow before a superior.
A Jk; bakhil, Avaricious, covetous.
p &^ bakhilah, Purslain.
a J, bakhili, Avarice.
P< bakhyah, Quilting, sewing verythick and strong. Sew
ing with long stitches, basting. A piece of sewed cloth. &.
cus' j , J J (The cloth has fallen from his face) i. e. the
secret is discovered. Bukhyah, A line, plumb-line. A wedge
or iron instrument for cleaving wood. Touching, squeezing,
twitching with the fingers.
rye & bakhyah-dr, Quilted.
rej bakhyah-san, A stitcher, a quilter, a botcher.
r & bad, Bad, wicked. An evil, calamity. Wickedness.
\es
Cloth half-burned. A *...* A torn or worn-out garment. Bud
A lord, a master. A servant. A poker. (for ey bird), It was.
* A A' badda (fut. Ar yabuddu) He separated.
A & badd (from A. badda), Separating, disjoining. Putting
felt-cloth under a saddle. Lassitude, fatigue. Bidd, Like, re
sembling. Budd (p but) An idol, image. Any thing
given in return for another. Separation. Flight. A l budd,
There is now no flight, no retreat; it becomes necessary.
A : A' bad-a (from **), Beginning. Creating or giving a
beginning. Prefixing. Going out, departing. Being seized
with an indisposition (as the small-pox). Commencement, a
beginning. A lord, a chief. The principal portions or joints of
a sacrificed camel. A new well (such being so called as have
been dug since the era of Muhammadanism). A sensible intel
ligent youth. P J% * * A bad-a kalam kardan, To begin a
discourse, sermon, speech, or conversation.
A 3-A, bada-an, In the beginning, before every thing.
P \,\! bada, Wickedness, obscenity, profane, obscene discourse.
P \,\! Bad, Name of a place between Mecca and Damascus,
A T bad-a, (from **) Coming in the mind (a scheme).
>k A "A bada-a, (fut. * Jabda-u) He began.
A \,\! baddii, (fem. of A, abadd) Corpulent, straddling from
corpulency. Name of a place in the desert.
A
** 27 bad-in, Six Six bad-ata bad-atin and Sx ses's bad-ata
zz bad-atin),5A "exe S-ty He returned from whence he came.
six J)"e;= The same. six J- J-3 fatala tala' bad-atin,
He began again, he repeated what he had before begun.
A six bud-at, The beginning, the first time.
A c's badh, A widely extended tract of country. Bidah,
(pl. of cA bidh) Fields or wide tracts of uncultivated ground.
P_-- & bad-akhtar, Unfortunate, disgraceful. (Bad star).
P e-le Badakshn, Name of a country in Persia.
P J- & bad-akhlk, Of depraved morals, bad dispositions.
A 3's badd, Sallying forth to battle, going down to fight
(particularly applied to those who engage man to man in the am
phitheatres, &c.). "A cle e; \, y kawn badidi baddi, 0 .**
soldiers, one by one, single out each his antagonist. Bidad, A
saddle-cloth, a felt-cloth. Companions, associates. (iii of J
badda) Bartering, exchanging merchandize.
A'e'-'A' biddn, (dual) Two sides stuffed with wadding.
r_< badr, An ox-goad.
Aj's bidar, (III of y) Outstripping. Urging forward.
P y's bad-rm, A knave, a hypocrite. A pleasant place.
p;|& badaz, A shoemaker's wedge.
P -'A' bad-uslub, Ill-shaped. Of evil conduct.
p J-2) A bad-asl, Of a bad stock, meanly descended.
pjs bad-ghz, Of an evil disposition.
P J's bidak, Short breeches, drawers.
 249 _

* A badkah, Angry, malevolent. PC-A bad-jins, Ignoble, base-born, mean.

AJ's badl (from JA), Changing, substituting. Being --- J bad-chashm, Having a bad or unlucky eye, of a ma
P

afflicted. Bidl, (111 of J.A.) Exchanging, bartering, trucking. lignant aspect. Coveting the property of another.
r-s bad-imtizj, Badly put together. Wicked. A U-A badhan, Clearly, openly, publicly, evidently.
rj, bad-mz, Ill-bred, wicked. Teaching wickedness. P J- A bad-hal, Unfortunate, in bad circumstances.
res bad-an, (from & bah and e n) To, or with, that. A -A badha, The middle of a house, the court or area.
A&A badnat (from JA), Becoming fat and corpulent. P U-3-A, Badakhsh (or e--a Badakhshan), Name of a
ruw' 3 bad-andsh, Malignant, malicious, malevolent. country between India and Khursn from whence they bring ru
PJ A bad-andshn, (pl. of U'A) The malevolent. el-w.s; The mountain where they dig them. Ja!
bies.

p J-4) J bad-andshi, Malevolence, malignity. e-A The finest kind of rubies brought from thence. -et-t
-

P &A badn-gnah, Of that kind.
r;'s bad 5 (from & bah and , , To, or with him.
A 's badwat (from 94), Living in tents. Excess, vehe-
mence, contention. Badawat or bidwat, A country-life (in
opposition to ji-hazrat, A town or city-life).
A ** badawiy, Rural, rustic, belonging to the desert.
A 'A' bidh, (iii of sw) Coming upon one suddenly.
J'AU Badakhshn-i thdr,The ruby of the finest colour or water.
F -->"&c C-p badakhsh-muzb, A ruby. Red wine.
re-A badakhshi, (Produced at Badakhsh) A ruby.
P Jss bad-khisal, Of a bad disposition. c Jas *
bd-khisilan-i andm, The most vicious, or perverse of mankind.
pla: A bad-Khatt, Writing ill. An indifferent penman.
P c-e bad-khulk, Ill-tempered, perverse.

A&A buddhat, An unexpected accident. The beginning of r;--A bad-kh (or s-A bad-khy), Bad-tempered, ill
a horse-race. bred, rude. Vicious, wicked.
"Je, bad-ahsh, Malevolent. P s- 3 bad-khh, Malevolent, invidious, inimical.
A&A badyat, A beginning, a commencement. P es':- 3
bad-kh'ahi, Malevolence, hatred.
AA's bad-id, (pl. of elA bidd) The stuffings of saddles. P Je bad kh-, Badness of temper. Vice, a bad habit.

, r
A t bada-i, (pl. of &A badiat) New, strange, rare.
** bada-is-i maznawiy, Style, sentiment.
re-" & bad-yn, Unobservant of religious duties. Per or animal). Space between two things. Power, ability. le
verse, ill-bred. J-7 re-" latin-i bad-yn, A wicked wretch. ex, & c. 3 malaka bihi badadun, You are not a match for him.
rj bad-baz, A mimic, a jester.
***** bad-batin, Internally evil, intrinsically bad.
P -- A bad-bakht, Ill-fated, unfortunate.
*}_** bad-bakhti-war, Unlucky. Inglorious.
* - budbudak, A lapwing, a puet.
* J bad burdan, To molest, to afflict.
P}\,\! bad-bu, Foetid. A bad smell.
*** bad-buk, Malignant, malevolent.
r &A bad-big, Timid.
*j bad-padar, A step-father.
*; A bad-partaw, Unfortunate, sinister, of a bad aspect, of
a wretched character.
*j bad-parhz, Incontinent, intemperate. Heedless.
*-w bad-parhz, Inattention to medical advice.
*~~< bad-pust (or pusht), (bad back), A young
unbroke bull or other beast of burthen, that will bear no load.
* *-* A bad-pasand, A lover of difficulties.
*}}* badp02, The environs of the mouth.
A is baddat or biddat, Power. Biddat, Portion, lot, share.
- t A bad-tabr, Of mean birth, ignoble.
*P* badlar, Worse, more villainous.
*J. F.A. badlarin, Worst, most infamous.
**** bad-jalwi, Deviation. Disaffection. Mischief.
P ***
bad-khim, Sour, crabbed, ill-tempered.
A J.A. badad (from J.A.), Straddling from corpulency, (man
A sex bidadat, (pl. of A budd) Idols, images.
r =9& bad-dut, An imprecation, a malediction.
r J. A. bad-dil, Of a bad heart. Weak, silly. Dastardly,
cowardly, timid, pusillanimous. Suspicious. A glutton.
re. bad-dili, Cowardice. Malevolence. Suspicion.
P J bad-dimgh, Difficult to please, discontented.
P J.- & bad-dawl, Ill-shaped, ungraceful.
r Je A. bad-din, Impious, irreligious, heretical
r ). A bad-zat, Base-born. Vicious.
P Js bad-zihn, Slow of apprehension, stupid.
# AJ& badara, (fut. J yabduru) He made haste.
AJ& badr, Integrity, plentitude, fullness. The full moon. A
youth arrived at maturity. The leader of the people. Name
of a well between Mecca and Madna. j) &J laylatu'l badr,
The fourteenth of every lunar month. cy badru'd din,
The full moon of religion; (a very general surname in the East).
JA x yawm Badar, The day or battle of Badar, or the victory
gained there by Muhammad. Bidar, (pl. of jy badrat) Skins
of lambs or kids used for carrying milk.
Py ba dar, Without, out of doors. ~."J.A. He came out.
-je. He went out. JJ To fall out, eye." Jw To
bring out, to extract. c9; J.A. To lead or carry out, to eject,
2 K -
 _y>}
expel. Jj J.A. To go, proceed, or flee. J J.M. To drive
out, to eject, to expel, to emit.
P eye. badrm (or rye, padrm), A pleasant, elegant, de
lightful place, garden, or house. An assembly, banquet, or en
tertainment. Wild, vicious, unbroke (horse). Continually.
P ey* badran, A kind of dish, a sort of pot-herb. Wicked.
P *y- bad-rah, Deviating from the right path. Wicked.
sy A zer dushman-i bad-rah, Amalignant enemy.
ba dar dy, (imper. of e amadan) Come forth.
P r e-w bad-stat, An unlucky moment. Ill-timed.
P A bad-ra-'y, Maintaining erroneous opinions, or notions.
P &y & bad-ra-ihah, Fetid. A stink, stench, bad smell.
A 3/3, badrat, A quick brisk eye. An eye in its badar or full
moon. A weight of 10,000 dirhems, equal to 6,666% Attick
drachmas. A bag made of the skin of a lamb or kid, in which
they carry milk : (the skin in which they put butter is called
s-c mis-adat ; and both have these names only when they
have been just taken from the mother; for if they were sucking
lambs or kids, the milk-bag is then called $33. shakwat, and
that for butter & tukkat: and when the lambs or kids have
been one or two years old, the first is then named -*, zratb,
and the other Jnily).
ry badruj, The purple amaranth.
P & A. bad-rakhtah, Melancholy, gloomy.
p > y J.A. badar-raw, A drain, a sewer.
P j badarzah, A portion, a part, a share. Bidruzah,
Victuals carried home from an entertainment by the guests.
P .y ba durusti or ba drusti, Indeed, truly, certainly.
p *-*j badr-shab, A full-moon-light night.
ejy & bad-raftr, Going badly. Patient.
p 43,< badrakah, A guide, an escort, a convoy. A vehicle.
Anything ordered to be taken with medicine (as water-gruel
with salts). An observer of the moon. A confident. Patient.
** K- lashkar-badrakah, An army-guide. 33,4 & s 3,
icaraka-i muhabbat-badrakah, Letters of friendship.
p 92, bad-rikb, Ill-paced and hard to mount (a horse).
P bad-rag, Of a bad stock. Malevolent.
re.94 bad-ragi, Baseness of birth. Malevolence.
p & & bad-rang, Of a bad colour or kind.
P--: ba dar navs, Error. The auditing of charges.
p J-c JA, ba dar niymadan, To be distressed and helpless.
p : y bad-raw, Going, trotting badly. A pack-horse.
pe, ba durid, Farewell! Health. Fronting. Parting. | pression. A hog. <-ex Js) ahl-i bidaat, A heretic, sectary:
A bad-r-gr, Bad-tempered, wicked. Unfortunate. or dissenter. P c.A - 23 d seh bideat, Two or three hogs.
P Uys badrash (or -,-\, badrasht) A pass, a narrow A Jac bidaat?, A tyrant, an oppressor.
pass on an enemy's confines. Expectation, hope. r iles bad-ealaf, One who does not observe the distinction
* {1}x ba dargh, Falsely. between clean and unclean meats; not scrupulous in his diet.
ps, A. badrah, A weight of 10,000 dirhems, equal to 6,666%
Attick drachmas. A small pocket. A barren tree.
ps, A bidrah, A ship-worm.
p.93, badri, An outside-cover, a wrapper.
250
**
rele's badaryddan, Towash. To removeoutof sight.
P * bad-zabn, Foul-mouthed, slanderous, ill-tongued,
back-biting, reproachful. Indecent language, abuse.
P jj * bad-zabni, Bitter words, abusive language.
P J A bad-zindagni, Wicked, vicious. A bad-liver.
pj bad-zahrah, Malignant. Timid, chicken-hearted.
P -j bad-zeb, Ungraceful, inelegant.
p Lw badas, Make haste
P G-3 bidast or bidist, A span.
P J" <--a badast awardan, To procure.
h
P Ut e-A badast bsh, Make ready! quick! attend! -i.
Puj c-w ba dast budan, To number, to count, to obtain.
To be in hand. To be aware, to be informed of.
reje, -, --,---& badast-i chap shumurdan, To count :
with the left hand. (As the fingers of the left hand stand for
thousands, the expression implies, To be very numerous).
P e- ,----A ba dast-i digar margiritan, To take
hold of the serpent (met. to engage in any perilous undertaking)
by the hand of another.
P UA 4 - A ba dast shudan, To come to hand.
re--: ba dast giritan, To take in hand, to handle.
P23-A, ba dastur, As heretofore. According to custom.
P * * bad-saj, Ungraceful, ill-favoured.
Pe-A
2
badasghn (or J-s), Ivy, convolvulus.
P J- J bad-sigal, Malevolent, malignant.
P e 44. bad saluki kardan, To maltreat.
* M:- * bad-suicar, A bad horseman. A stallion, fierce and
untractable. A horse that will not carry well or double.
p 52-3 bad-sirat, Of a bad disposition, ill-tempered.
r J.K. A bad-shakl, Deformed, ill-shaped.
P 22 M bad-sizrat, Ill-favoured, ugly. Badly formed.
pol. A bad-tarik, A bad habit (in a religious sense).
r - A bad-tnat, Ill-tempered, malignant.
P J-k bad-tinati, Malignity, malevolence.
P J- bad-sann, Suspicious, distrustful.
*A & badata, (fut. 8 r abdatu) He invented.
| A t bade (from {*), Producing something new. Be
ginning. Novelty, innovation, invention. Wonder. Bida, New.
Surprising. 2 <! |&S 3 &A, j He is quite original in this affair.
A c-c bideat, Novelty, innovation, heresy, schism. Op
P Je A. bad-gamal, Working mischief, doing what is w";
P &c & bad-eahd, A liar. A promise-breaker. * * A
kiir-i bad-eahd, A perfidious, truce-breaking infidel. .
A & badgh, The fragments of a broken nut or almond
 **
Bidgh, One who bedaubs himself. Badigh, Contaminated.
Plump, fat, in a good habit of body. A man's surname.
rl-23 & bad farjam, Ending badly. Malignant, ill-meant.
rj & bad fisil, Operating badly, having an unlucky ten
dency, doing mischief. Of bad habits (in a religious sense).
r; A badfz (or 532), The environs of the mouth, the
corners, dimples, &c. Fortunate, succeeding in one's wishes.
rj badak (equivalent to J baydak), A pawn at chess.
A lw badkatat, The scattering about of household furniture.
A verbose speech, a profusion of words. Battology.
pJj bad-kumar, A rascally cheat, who gets money any
how. Ill-tempered. Badly compounded. Habitually wicked.
r & budak, A lapwing, a puet.
rjw bad-kr, Iniquitous, villainous, sinful.
rw bad-kri, A shameful, nefarious transaction.
pJa. bad-kirdar, An evil-doer, a scoundrel, a malefactor.
JoA 23 kuffr-i bad-kirdar, Vile infidels.
rft & bad-kirdari, Wickedness, mischief.
P ;4& bad-kajrm, Doing any thing badly.
* Ja. bad-kunish (or S & bad-kunisht), Bad, evil.
ru bad-ksh, Impious, irreligious. Inhuman.
P Js bad-gumn, Suspicious. Malevolent. Suspicion.
J J's bad-gumn shudan, To be jealous, suspicious.
**** bad-gand, Stinking. A bribe proffered to a judge.
*** bad-g (or *** bad-gy), A slanderer, a detracter.
*** bad-ghar (or Afte bad-guhar), Essentially bad.
Badby nature. Of a wicked, base, or mean origin.
*Je bad-goyn, Calumniators, back-biters.
A JA, badal or bidl, A succedaneum, a substitute, an equiva
lent. Retaliation. For. Because. From. Out of. A pain
in the feet or hands. J J* cre &ayn badal ayn, An eye
for an eye. &; JA, badal-i farghat, A bribe for a benefice,
simony. J J* badal-imal, Exchange, barter, price. r J
J badul-i fin, In place of that. e-- J* badal dadan, To
make an exchange, to give an equivalent. -
* JA, ba dil, With the heart, heartily.
AYA budala, (pl. of J.A. badl) Substitutes. Religious men,
devoted to God. Dervishes (so called, because the society always graceful, inelegant. U.J.A 23; s A deformed old woman.
subsists by new brethren being substituted for those who die).
AJA Badaln, Name of a place in Yaman.
A&A badlat, A priest's cope.
p x bad-ligam, Hard-mouthed, headstrong, obstinate.
r &A bidlah, A kind of tree, which bears no fruit. A tree
god for nothing but fire-wood. An every-day garment.
*A bail-lahjah, Ill-tongued, malignant.
A Je badliyn, (sy R1Ac) A kind of gum, bdellium.
A -->> * bad-mazhab, Of a bad religion. A sectary.
p 3r A bad-masagi, Insipidity. Coolness betwixt friends.
,
**-* A bad-mast, Intoxicated. Refractory.
251 _9\}
p : A bad-masti, Intoxication. Dissoluteness, profligacy.
P J-la- 3 bad-musahabati, Evil company, or fellowship.
P &l. A bad-muzannah, Suspicious, mistrustful.
r Ut. A bad-matsh, Of a bad life, profession, or trade.
r 4 w bad-mutamalah, Unfair dealing. Dishonesty.
r x~ * badmimum, (in anc. Pers.) Fearing, running away,
r &&. A bad-mihri, Disobligingness, unkindness, ill-will.
*A cw badana, (fut. J yabdunu) He became corpulent.
A cy& budn (from JA), Growing fat. Badan, The body
(especially lifeless). The trunk without the head. Pye ex
** <!- badan darjamah na gunjid, His garment would
not contain him (for joy). A A rampart, a battlement. The
walls of a tent. Aged (man). An old mountain-goat. An or
namented girdle worn by the Arabian ladies. A short coat of
mail. Paternal kindred. Dignity. Reputation, respect. Ba
din, Aged (man or woman). Fat, thick. Budun, Fatness.
(pl. of cw badn) Fat (men or women). (pl. of 3& badnat) i
Oxen or camels sacrificed at Mecca, in discharge of a vow.
P J budan (for eye; budan), To be, to become.
P ** bad-nm, Having a bad name, infamous. An evil
speaker. A disease to which horses and mules are subject.
rus-9& bad-nami, Infamy, bad reputation.
A &A badnat, The ox or camel sacrificed at Mecca, in dis
charge of a vow (a rite instituted by ria') c J-").
Puy! Jse ba dandin biidan, To be proper, necessary.
rjj badandar (or jej pidandar), A step-father.
re;3& bad-nijd, Base-born, descended from mean ances.
tors. A horse, got by an Arabian sire, out of a Turkish mare
(and not highly esteemed on account of his dam).
r J- A bad-nasl, Of a bad race, or breed. A bastard.
r Je bad-matl, (A horse) unsure-footed, apt to stumble.
P U-39 & bad-mas, Having a depraved mind, sensual. Bad
naas, Stinking-breathed. Having an unpleasing voice.
P J- & bad-nafs, Sensuality.
P <<e. budank, Water-cresses.
r; A bad-nigar, Seeing badly, weak-eyed.
Fx bad-nam, Abad sign or appearance. Deformed, un
A &A badanah, An offering, a sacrifice, an oblation.
rw bad-nihd, Depraved, perfidious.
* -se & bad-nihd, Malignity, depravity.
A s badaniy, Corporeal. Large-bellied.
r 3 bad-miyat, Of evil design, mal-intentioned.
** : * badawa, (fut. 29- Jabdu) He went into the desert.
p >3' bad (for 2% ba o or ;) & bah o to avoid the cacophony),
To, for, by him, or it. Ba do, To two. Badaw, Fleet (horse).
A3 bdie (from >), Beginning. Departing for the desert.
Leading a wandering life. A desert. Buduw, Appearing.
Aj. budu-a, (pl. of 3& bad-a) The prime joints of a slaugh
tered camel. -
2 K 2
 252
p bad-war, Having evil thoughts. Meditating mischief.
r}\,\! badwaz, Firm, solid (station or ground).
*}\; A badwaz, Flying. A roost, a perch.
a cy's badwin, Unjust, tyrannical, despotic.
A t buduh (from c), Walking gracefully (a woman).
(pl. of c badh) Extensive deserts, uncultivated grounds.
A 23 budur, Making haste. (pl. of A badr) Full-moons.
P badicarah, A share, a portion. Budurah, Sweetmeats,
delicate viands carried away by the guests from a feast.
J badas, Good-will, affection. Hope. A sharp sword.
Pux-A, ba dun, Without, besides.
A s badawy, Wild, rude (as the Arabs of the desert).
p 3.x badah, Boiled rice. Name of a very hard tree. Any
tree which bears not fruit. The willow. Linen-tinder.
A 3.x badah (from 3.x) Coming suddenly, surprising. Hap
pening unexpectedly. Meeting one accidentally with anything,
or bringing it to him when he does not expect it.
p else, ba dihd, May (God) grant.
P & S.A. bad-hiyah, Deformed, mishapen, ugly.
p s badi, Badness. (for *** bd) Live for ever!
A s badi, The first, the beginning. "...s set bdiya za) Being in a bad state, or habit. Becoming old, and filthy.
badyan or "J.A. se's bdi badlyan, Before all, above all Bisaz, (111 of & bazza) Pressing on, preventing, pre-occupying.
other. Badi, A misfortune, a quarrel, difference. Newly in $3& bazazat (and $3.3 busixat), A bad habit or condition.
vented, created, or found out. A well newly dug (or any that
has been made since the Muhammadan era).
A J.A.!" Al badly, Name of a valley.
badj (or ** badlich), The myrobalan or citron-tree.
A ** Badikh, Name of a celebrated person.
A x, Badyad, Name of a place. Badid, An open plain.
e' baddn, Exchange, barter. A wallet, a cloak-bag.
A.
AAA budayr, (diminutive of JA badr). A little full moon (a
term expressive of endearment).
P &A bad?sah, A circular piece of wood or leather fixed on
the top of a spindle.
rej badshn (for e-8 ba Eshan, to avoid the hiatus)
To, for, with, by them.
A s badt, Wonderful, surprising, marvellous, astonishing,
strange, rare. A creator, an inventor. A bottle or bag in which
honey is preserved. Name of a castle in Morocco. **j99 \!
Aaa") O omnipotent creator of visible things! c 8-9 }}
Words wonderfully arranged 1 ** * Elegance of composi
tion, metrical arrangement. J ** Of astonishing beauty.
J", +\; -) s Creator of the heavens and of the earth.
~ *-* The Holy Spirit. The human frame.
A J." At badtn, Name of a country in Hijz.
A &A. badigat, (fem, oft-A badt) A strange thing (often
used in a neuter sense, like other feminines of Arabic adjectives).
p J Badil, Name of a celebrated king.
A J.A. badl, A substitute. A good, just, religious man. A
Sfi, a Dervish, a Fakir. Continuance, permanency.
r 8
Pe bad-yumn, Ominous, inauspicious. -
Pe badin, To, in, or with this. &#e In this manner.
A cw badin, Corpulent, fat, lusty (man or woman).
P &A badyah, A wine-butt or jar. Bidyah, Desire.
A * \t badihan, Extempore, suddenly.
A &A badihat, Impetuosity of disposition. Any thing said
or done inconsiderately, without regard to time or place. An
unexpected event. A sally or fancy, an impromptu ; extempore.
A Us badzhiy (fem. &A badhyat), Extempore, unpre
meditated. J JA, badihyu '-uhur, Happening unex
pectedly or suddenly. P e-Je. To speak extempore.
A -lw badihyt, Sudden, unlooked-for accidents.
*A & bazza, (fut. & yabuscu) He conquered.
A & baz (from & bazza) Conquering. Victory. Bad, wicked.
Old, worn out, squalid. Rotten (dates). 3:) Al bazz, Name
of a country between Irn (Persia) and Azarbjn (Media).
A 3 bas-a (from ), Hating, abhorring, detesting. De
spising, undervaluing, treating with contempt. Obscenity, im
pudence. Being destitute of food for cattle (any place).
A "& basis (SS's basasat or $3.3 busixat), (from & bas
A
Deformity, filth, nastiness.
AJ& bizar, (pl. of y& basr) Pot-herb or flax-seeds.
P_\,\! bazbar, A mimic, a buffoon, a jester.
A $3 bizzat (or $3.3 baz7sat) (for S.A biddat), A portion.
A ** basj, A lamb weaned and able to eat grass. -
A c bach, A gash in the hand. Bazah, A fissure, a crack.
>k A ** bazakha, (fut. ** yabsakhu) IIe slit the tongue.
A ** baskh or basakh, (from **) Being proud. Bazakh,
Pride. Excoriation of the thighs.
*AJ& bazara, (fut. J Jabzuru) He sowed seed.
AJ& basr, Flax or pot-herb seed. A chatterer, a babbler, a
blabber. J Lint-seed. Bazir, Sowing, scattering. Win
nowing. Buzur, (pl. of 93& basar) Blabbers, tell-tales. Baz
sar, Name of a well in Mecca. J&J& shazara basar", ""
and there, every where, on all sides.
P y's bazram (or *9% pazrm), A delightsome place.
A 89& basrat, A seed. A child, a son.
P J bazrutan, To accept, to be pleased with.
A Jo barrak, Contemptible, abject (man).
A *-ij. bazrakat, Contempt, meanness, despicableness.
bazir-gar, A farmer, a ploughman, a sower.
*A* basir-gari, Husbandry, agriculture, tillage.
P
z bazraj, Basil-royal, ocimum.
A
P j, bazrah, A talent. (c AstELLus).
A sp3 buzury, Vain, idle, foolish.
r -3 biist (or c- bizisht), A span.
A ** baz, Emanation, a dropping. Basat, Terror.
 _* 253 y
AJ& buzk, A guide through unknown roads. Small, slight. | r; bar, The continent, the earth, the globe. e-A 2 bar-i
A J& bazl, A gift, a present. Liberality, munificence. Ex || tarabistn, The desert of Arabia. A burden, a load. Fruit. A
pense. PU-4- J& Excessive liberality. e-A J& To pre A bargo bar, Leaves and fruit. Profit, advantage. Pulse.
sent. To expend.In construction it implies sometimes, Study, Seed. The bosom, breast, embrace, armpit or lap. A c
endeavour, care, attention: as reeft --~~.J% (or P.J& saman-bar, Jessamine-bosomed. The cheek-bone. Memory,
Jyjy' U.--> ji), To employ every endeavour, to use recollection. Preservation, custody. A palace. A door. Lot,
all diligence, to make it the whole study, to bestow every kind portion. Breadth. A side, a part. Near. A young woman.
of care or attention. (Synonymous to which, with the addition A bird. (for c 2 barg) A leaf.
of the auxiliary verbs, eele, cle, Jj, J.--, J% &c. are PA bar, (contracted participle of eye; burdan, to bear) Seiz
the following, Jl J%, <-y J, J- J J, ing, carrying off. A porter, a carrier. A J di-bar, Ara
***, |\, *!, 's J, and <-39; J- J). visher of hearts. A &W nmah-bar, A letter-carrier. -

A&J& bi-lat, A garment for daily use of which no care is taken. 112 bir, Name of a certain fruit-tree.
p43 bazlah, The recital of a poem. A joke, jest, pleasan A 2 barr, Good, beneficent. Just, equitable, true. Pious to
try, raillery, witticism, bon-mot, any thing pleasant and produc wards God; dutiful to parents; affectionate to children. The
tive of entertainment. Made of velvet or satin. J J& bazlah continent, the earth, the globe. 2 bahr wa barr, Sea and
baz, A buffoon, a jester; a man of wit and humour. land. "A 2 y="bahran wa barran, By sea and land. A de
**** bazlah-gay, A jester, a merry droll. Jocular. sert, a large uncultivated barren plain. Sylvan, wild, desert,
#A ** bazuma, (fut. *r. yabzumu) He had his wits about campestrian. 2) J-e easahel barr, Wild honey. P J 2
him, and was in full possession of himself (though in a passion). barr-i biybn, An extensive desert. A Birr, Piety, reciprocal
A *' buzm, Intellect, understanding. Firmness of mind, so affection between parents and children, demonstrations of love
: lidity of judgment. Toleration, patience. Power, strength. and obedience. Friendliness. A good action, benefit, favour.
Fatness, corpulency. Thickness, substance (of cloth). Goodness, innocence. Good, beneficent. Just, pure. A fox's
:
AJ& basic, Obscenity. Bas, Name of a famous horse. cub. A cr *W* la yaarafu hirran mim birrin, He knows
A t;& buzh, (pl. of c bazah) Fissures, clefts, furrows.
not a foe from a friend. e-- 2 barr-i ihsn (or e--), A
A i's buzuzat, A miserable condition. Filthiness, squalor. burr wa ihsan), Beneficence, the bestowment of favours, the
Aj busir, One who cannot keep a secret. Busar, (pl. of making of contributions. Burr, Wheat.
J& barr) Seeds. Sprouts, germs, buds. A 9 bar-a, (fromy) Creating. Bur-a, Being free, safe, out
AJ33, buzuk, (pl. of J.A. bask) Road-guides. Small, slight. of danger. Recovering from illness, being cured of a wound.
A J;& basill, Liberal, munificent. A giver, a bestower. A. cure. &=\-) An immediate cure, the cure of an hour.

*** bush, A lie, a fiction, a falsehood. *A y bara-a, (fut. Vr yabra-u) He created.

**& bi-ah or buzah, A barren tree, used only as fire-wood. A W bar (for 22 barawa), (fut, r yabr) He created.
P W bara, A sort of savoury dish made from minced meat and
A 5% basiy, Impudent, immodest (in speech). Despised.
Destitute or scarce of fodder or provision for cattle (any place). spices. (for hapy), For, on account of.
*** basiyat, (fem, of six basy) Shameless, adulterous. A 2 bar (from y), Recovering from sickness, being healed,
AJ basir, One who cannot keep a secret. Ay bura-a, (pl. of *", bur-a) Free. Healed. (pl. of s
re;& bazyn, A costly garment of silk. bura-at), Lurking places in which the hunter waits for his prey.
A \,: barr, A bow-maker, one who chips and fashions bows.
* A bar, On, up, upon, before, in, into, according to, &c.
When placed before a number of words, it either changes or A 2 barra or barran, Without, out of doors. y cro mim
strengthens the sense, as will appear from the following examples, barra, From abroad. Outward, foreign, external.
and from many others which will be found in their proper alpha r), burr or bur, Acute, sharp, cutting.
hetical places, <--> J. According to. *9_r It has hap A sy, bar-a (from 9), Being free. Free, clear, exempt.
Pened, he has taken it, he understands it. t: J-2 In The first or last day of a lunar month. Bir-a (or T; bura-il),
humility, by way of submission. J& c-s y To be in health. (pl. of & bari-a) Free. Healed, cured. Bur-a, (pl. of &y
Apart. c #2 To put away, remove, lay aside. burtyat), Chips, laths, shavings, scrapings. Nail-parings.
2%, Firm, solid, immoveable, c- 2}} In pristine vigour, A. s bara-at (from 9), Being free (from faults or crimes).

(restored) to former strength. *:::2. He proceeded, advanced, Recovering health. .<><\; bar-at-i tamm, Perfect health.
surpassed, excelled. e-AA He took, received, accepted. P A bar ab, On the water. A field sown and watered.
t:-- J):--> In the manner above-mentioned. -->< 2 re-i "A bar ab amadan, To become divulged.
P e ,-12 bar ab-i fuln, After the manner of so and so.
J. J According to the commands of the king. &r, J
In the manner of P * - A bar ib guftan, To speak fast. To repartee,
 \ 254
PJy barbar or brbar, Equal, alike, resembling. Plain,
even, level, smooth. Uniform. Accurate, exact. Equally, in
the same manner. Abreast, opposite, over against, adverse,
from or on the opposite quarter. J 22 To equal, to level.
To oppose. J c-; To level with the ground.
A 2), Barbir (or 52, Barbirat), Barbarians, Africans.
* <2\,. barbari, Equality. c To contend, to op
pose one's self to another, to dispute for equality.
P*y. burbah, A pen-knife.
Ajy barbir, A kind of dish made of old wheat (newly taken
from the ears) and milk.
A. 2 bur-at, The lurking place of a hunter waiting for game.
P y. bart (or A <!" & laylatu'l bart), A night in
the eighth month, called Shaabn, consecrated to the memory of
forefathers. Weariness, disgust.
A <-2 bart, A letter, an epistle. A royal diploma, brevet,
commission, or privilege. An assignment, a draft. J- 22
Shewing the new moon. Explaining. ~3 ,-\,: Innocence,
ignorance of a matter. ella- 22, e-le 2)2 Or 22
ex~ Royal, imperial, or august diplomas, letters, or privi
leges. A J- .<-2 A pass, passport. P -se' ~); Letters
patent, or charters of liberty. 3' ** J 2 Wain promises.
A barrt or birrt, (pl. of A barr or birr) Good works.
A.
2 burrat, (pl. of 32 burrat) Rings worn round the ancles.
A.
pje 2 bart-dr, One who holds an assignment, privileged.
P JA barti, Any thing worn out. Relations who conduct
the bridegroom to the house of the bride.
A ~! birds, (pl. of ~2 bars) Soft level grounds. prick, goad, or sting. Plough-harness, gear. A belt or leathern
A J barsin, (pl. of e; bursun) The soft parts under the strap, especially such as barbers whet their razors upon. A
claws of birds or beasts.
A J bars, The sabine-plant. -
A *-2 barjim, (pl. of **** burjamat) The middle joints of
the fingers, nearest to the first joints. Any joints of the fingers.
The middle talons of a bird.
p J-2 barjl, Parsley.
A cy barh (from c), Ending, finishing, ceasing, termi
nating. Receding, deserting, flying. Going into an unculti
vated country. A wide-extended desert. Trouble, affliction.
The sun. A woman's name. c ! la barha, Firmly, un
ceasingly, continually, without end. *-, z 9.2- j-an
bill amri barhan, He explained to us the matter clearly. sy
cy ra-yun barahun, Wicked counsel, bad advice.
A ), burd, Cold (water).
A Se; burdat, Filings, scrapings, saw-dust. Chips. Rust.
rye, biradir or bradar, A brother. J J-2 biradir-i
andar, A half-brother, c- .e.9, biradarn-i dyn, Brothers
in the faith, religious fraternities.
r &ye, biradarnah, Brotherly, like a brother.
Py 2-2 biradar-i padar, A father's brother, an uncle.
*2222*, biradar-parwar, Kind to relations and friends.
y
PU i- 29, birdar-i hakiki, Own brother, full-brother.
P s-Je), biradar-khndah, An adopted brother.
P Jy 29, birdar-i rizati, A foster-brother.
p :35J biradar-zdah, A brother's son, a nephew.
* ev) 29, biradar-i zan, A wife's brother, a brother-in-law.
P_** y biradar-i shhar, A husband's brother.
PA J-2 birdar-kihtar, A younger brother.
pje.* J-2 biradar-mdar, A mother's brother, an uncle,
P_j^{< 2.92 biradar-mihtar, An elder brother.
f sje!, birdarandah, A half-brother.
P ye, birdar-nisbat, A brother-in-law.
P biradarz, Brotherhood. Relationship. J
To enter into a fraternity. To exercise or show brotherly love.
PJSA birzar, A brother.
A barzin, (pl. of ev2 birsawn) Beasts for burthen or
for the saddle (implying especially the slow and sluggish).
rjL. bar ar, Peace, concord. (part. of JA bar awar
dan) One who carries off, draws out, ravishes, bears away,
raises up. An extractor, bearer, elevator. One who receives
favourably. An approver, an accepter, a supporter.
Barr, Name of a province in the Dakhan (India).
P 3-l, bar irandah, An extractor, a bearer. A receiver.
A <! barrz (or c-JP barrt), (pl. of A barriyat and
<-2 barrit) Deserts.
re bar ridan, To spread branches (a tree).
P_r. barrir (and 2 22 barrz) The year before last.
*32 barz, Decorated, tired. Well-wrought. Joining. A
patch. A chip. An axis. A shoemaker or carpenter's wedge.
Well then! dispatch! finish -
Aj barz, An extensive open plain. Bir, (111 of j2)
Fighting (especially single combat, in an amphitheatre or other
place). Excrement (a more decent word than ghyit).
rj', buraz, Suiting, becoming. Beauty, elegance.
P Jj hirzbn, That part of a knife or dirk which enters
into the handle.
P burazad, Convenient, fit, proper, suitable, elegant,
graceful, beautiful. Good manners. Ornament, decoration. A
brother, friend, or companion. It agrees, suits, accords.
P s barazdah (or s parazdah), A mass of leaven.
PJA barzar; A brother. Birasar, Goodness. Elegance.
P JA burzish, Decoration. A patching, a botching.
A J barzik (or c barazik), (pl. of Cj barzik)
Crowds, bodies, fraternities. Herds of horses. By-paths.
re-j burzdan, To act with propriety, to behave with
decency, to proceed in conformity to. To join, unite. To coi"
cide, quadrate. To deserve, to be worthy. To decorate.
A -, bars, A body of men.
r-2 (3) (rh) barst, A skilful guide.
 y 255
A. G- barstak, A building of bricks.
re-- bar asudan, To give rest, to quiet. To rest.
PJ barsh, A plucking up. Birash, Scattering.
A barshim, Seeing clear, having a quick eye.
P J barshidan, To ask, to interrogate. To quell.
A J baris, The habitation of demons. A sandy desert
without herbage.
A Jy." Al birz, Name of a place.
A J buraz, A little. Scarcity of water. A man's name.
A Jy barrz, The standard of J-3 c Ibn kays.
A bartam, Swelled or blubber-lipped.
A J bartil, (pl. of Jk2, birtil) Bribes. Long stones.
A -e); bargat, Excellence, pre-eminence. Ja-) ~~}}
The meeting of several synonimous words in a sentence.
A ey bartis, (pl. of te; bareas) Podices.
A y. barragh, A phlebotomist, a bleeder.
re barghlidan, To instigate, stimulate. To put to
flight, to chase, to cause to run. To extract, to pluck up.
A -e); barghis, (pl. of c, barghus) Fleas.
P Jy. bar utdan, To refuse, to decline.
re-p bar afrshtan, To exalt, to erect, to raise.
re-s bar afrkhtan, To kindle, inflame, light up.
P < bar afrkhtah, Inflamed, set on fire, lit up.
p bar afrod, Topsy-turvy, pell-mell.
p J bar afrosidan, To excite desire. To walk with
a fastidious, pompous air. To abuse one by menacing actions
or opprobrious words.
"e;', bar affilidan, To incite, to stir up. To extract.
To pluck out. To throw away.
P-ly ze, bar afshandan-i dast, To dance. Dancing. wings of an army.
p s bar afgandan, To throw up, remove, or send.
*JP birak, (pl. of &P burkat) Stony grounds abounding in
sand. Burak or J Al burak, The celebrated ass in the
Ku'rn, upon which Muhammad is said to have gone from Jeru
salem to heaven. He is likewise called J-- <2*- JA The ass
of the fortunate impulse. rj Jr. A steed fleet as lightning.
~ J; The wind which wated Solomon's throne from place to sugar, confections, or medicines are preserved.
place, t f- Jy. The sun. The seventh heaven. x~~
j J; samand-i burk-raftr, A horse as swift as Al burk. agree. To put to flight.
A JA burrk, Flashing, shining, bright as lightning.
A J barakish, Name of a bitch, and of a valley in Yaman.
J 3. Name of a bird, with changing-coloured plumage.
**} barak, A species of white duck.
A *} *} barak-i barak-i, Courage' courage! (an
"imaling ejaculation to one another in battle).
A *} birak, (111 of ~%) Pronouncing a blessing.
A A buraka, Firmness, steadfastness in battle.
p *2 Barkh, Name of a mountain in JA Farghan.
A A barakiyat, A kind of ship.
\
****A barigandah (or x<!, barigand), A bribe to cor
rupt a judge, a present, a gift, an offering, a donation.
A &A bar-alat, (from J% Q) Swelling out the feathers of his
neck (a game-cock preparing to fight).
A barm, A handful of wool or flax; also such part as is
twisted into a rope. Name of a place. Birn, (pl. of & ba
ram), The fruits of a species of thorny trees. Hard unripe
grapes. Burm, The tike which infests cattle. The nipple.
* Jers. A barnhdan (also Jy barmahidan or
e--: barmsdan), To swell, to blow up (as dough).
*** A bar amad, A rising or coming up. Issue. Expen
diture. Informing (more particularly of bribery), accusation,
impeachment. j's *A The execution of any business.
* J bar amadan, To ascend, arise, come forth, appear,
emerge, grow out. To surprise, to come suddenly and unex
Pectedly. To succeed in ones wishes. To result. To honour,
exalt, magnify. To pass through. To be disgusted, or tired
out. To be replete.
P ** "A bar amadah, A porch, a terrace, a balcony.
Pej bar in, Upon that. ex: JL. To will, desire, intend.
re); birn, Passing, past. Burrn, Sharp, cutting. .*
e! t?gh-i burrn, A sharp sword.
Pe-l bar andkhtan, To throw out or down. To scat
ter, to throw about, to discomfit, to defeat.
"" burnd, Rivers, torrents. Intestines.
P e); urndan, To lose at play. Burrndan, Tobe sharp
and cutting (a sword).
A U-2 barnis, (pl. of U.S.A burnus) Caps, hats.
r_\xi\,- 2.2%); barnghar o juwnghar, The right and left
rj, barangar, The left hand.
Peas bar angekhtan, To raise or pull up, tear out, draw
forth, eradicate. To excite, stir up, rouze, awake. To cause
to happen. To learn, to know, to gain information.
**): Barnah, Name of a city.
JA baran. A vessel of earth or glass, in which flowers,
P
re buran?dan, To kiss or be kissed. To go away. To
rl, bar aw, A sweeper of the streets, a dustman.
P_5\} bar-awar, (A tree) bearing fruit. Fruitful.
P 9:2 "r rcard, An estimate. A specimen. A citadel.
J* 9:A bar award kardan, To strike out (a muster-roll), to
calculate, to estimate, to carry to account.
re bar awardan, To bring up. To draw out, bring
forth, pluck, pull, or tear up. To exalt, elevate, raise up. To
repair, restore, correct, accomplish, bring to perfection. To
accept, receive favourably. To break the peace. To repre
sent. To counterfeit, to feign.
p s bar awardah, Brought up or forth. Taken up (in
 -->
the arms). (One who has been) raised to honours. . A raised
building. A rampart. (What has been) deducted or stopped.
Produced, alleged. Given. Heard, accepted. Completed,
finished. Accustomed to anything. e-A $9,72 bar awar
da-i zabn kardan, To speak, to utter, to pronounce.
P J bar airkhtan, To suspend. To hang up.
p >y barah, To the way, by the way. Ornament, beauty,
elegance, grace. Behaving with propriety and decorum; civil,
polite. Majesty, dignity, awfulness, solemnity, gravity. Ele
gance in composition (particularly in poetry). Gracefully, de
cently, elegantly. eF s To dismiss, to send away, dispatch.
To depart, to set out, to begin or proceed on a journey.
P \s, Barhm, Name of a notorious miser.
re-s bar ahikhtan (or e-s), To draw (a sword).
. <! barahimah, (pl. of es, barahman) Brahmans.
A
re-sex bar ahanjidan, To draw, to carry or lead out.
re-s barhdan, To send. To travel.
e-'- barhn, (pl. of Jr burhn) Arguments, proofs.
A
== bary or bray, For, because, on account of, in respect frost. To freeze, to congeal. To prepare, to get ready.
P
256 *}
P cre." bar bala-i prdum guzidan, To boast.
To attempt any thing above one's strength.
A & barbakh, An aqueduct. A sewer. The urethra.
r x, Barbad, Name of a country called Sistn (Sejestn).
pr barbar, A barber. A surgeon. Foolish, prating, quar
relsome. J- 22 barbar-i sar, A shaver of the head.
P_2, bar bar, Upon. Above. Besides. Upon the breast.
A 2A Barbar, (or A-" al Barbar) The people of Barbary.
A *AA barbarat, The muttering of an angry man. Sound.
P **22 barbar-khanah, A barber's shop.
reje bar burdan, To appear, rise (as the sun); to be done.
re-22 Barbaristn, Barbary.
Pe barbarshn, People of the same religion.
p r barbari, A barberry.
Tu-22 barbaris, A gooseberry or the tree.
A & 22 Barbariyah, Barbary in Africa.
r -A barbast, Usage, established custom.
p J-2 bar bastan, To shut or fasten up. To be shut up by

of, for the sake of ~~ By way of civility. e' *A For P 4-2 bar bastah, (Any substance) incapable of growth.
that. <7 == Because that. 2 *A On his account, for him. r, barbut, A harp or lute. ej , barbut-zan, A player
e!" *A For this. J% <- On what account? Ja- upon the lute. j; al, barbut-nawaz, Tuning a harp.
**

'A' In order to overawe the neighbourhood. --!> *A A U2-, Barbaazz, Name of a place near Emessa. w

For the sake of the relationship. Jy- 2% On the business ** 6ar buland, Very high. An upper chamber in Eastern
P

of the Durbr. houses, open in the front.

, bary, (pl. of &A baryat) Creatures. People, men.
A
P JA bar buandin, Ringlets of hair dangling upon the

Patricians, nobles. Vassals. J- The Creator of men.
A&P buryat, A chip, a shaving. Nail-parings.
r bara-ik, (pl. of J2 barkn) Black robes or gar
A.
ments of a particular fashion.
A.J., bura-il (or Jy bur-ila'), The smaller feathers in
the neck of a bird, particularly in that of a cock.
forehead. Any ornamental work over a door-way.
r x-y bar band, Collected. A horse-collar. A necklace.
A Dj burbur, Barley-water, or gruel.
Aj, barbus, The blite (a kind of grass).
P U-3-x barbitsiyas, A kind of ivy.
JA: abil P Jj barbahin, Purslain.

bur-il, A cock. J Jy bura-ilul ars, Plants. r bar-p, Raised, fixed, established. Le bar p
A 2'-' -, bi rabbi' eibd, By the lord of servants! by God!budan, To stand, to be on foot. e-- bar p khstan, To
rise upon the feet; to stand. J A bar p kardan, To
(as in the conclusion of letters). c" ~A ~}= <--> J
With regard to the rest, may your highness remain for ever, by erect, fix, plant, or pitch. Jj"> -s bar py-i kh"
zadan, To hold in contempt. J-'- *A ba py dshtan, To
God (or which God grant) '
292 bar bd, Destroyed, overthrown, laid waste. Je: *2 be raised, pitched, or established.
P

bar bid badan, To be undone. --> 992 bar bad dadah, Given *3-2 barpaj, The heavens, the firmament. Barpuj, A plum.
to the wind, ruined. Jy ** bar bad raftan, To be dispersed, The root of the ear. The declivity of a mountain.
J.-- 99, bar bad skhtan, To destroy. rj932 barpus, The parts round the mouth.
P U-32 barpus, The parts round the mouth. Purslain.
rj, barbar (or , barbrah), An upper chamber.
Ajy barbar, Murmuring, angry. Pe barpun, The itch, the scab. -

P JA bar brn, Fields sown in the times of rain.

Pe barpahan, Purslain. A throne. Flying.
f sl 2 bar pechidah, Twisted, coiled. Shrivelled up.
A.Jr barbaris, The barberry-tree.
P & 2 bar pkhtah, Twisted together.
P 992 barbarah, A private entrance to a house. A 32 burat or burrat, Agarter. A ring worn by the Arabian
A J-92 birbs, A deep well. ladies round their ancles. A bridle or ring of iron or brass

1.<92 barbashk, (Verbascum) The herb mullein. running through a camel's nose.
s Ju, birbl, (s LT&T prabla) Coral. A 5A barrat, Beneficent (woman). A woman's name.
 ? 257
Ae; burt, A guide. A hatchet.
i A barat, Lands allotted for the expense of Hind idols.
ru- Bartas, Name of a wrestler. Name of a city on the
confines of Russia.
P J-92 barts, Akind of fur brought from Barts.
r &A bartshk, The herb mugwort.
p JA bar ttan, To twist. To turn. To bore, to pierce.
r; bartar, Higher, more sublime.
* c, bartarin, Highest, most exalted.
ru; Bartarish, Name of a magician.
PAA; bar takdr, On supposition, hypothetically.
* J, bartal, Great, vehement, tremendous.
p 45, bartulah, A gift, a present. A kind of Tartar-cap worn
under a wreath or turban of fine linen. A wreath, a bandage.
rej, bartamidan (or ej, partamidan), To break out
in pustules upon the lips, to have the lips chapt (after a fever).
To have a pain in the abdomen from excessive heat. To have
the shingles, or St. Anthony's fire. To stuff, to cram (as cotton
into a sack). To rush headlong. To tumble, to fall prostrate.
To throw down. To grow fat. To boil (meat).
Pe bartan, An Arabian. A tribe. A leader.
P <2 bartang, The bittern. Swaddling-clothes. A girth.
* J bartani, A strut. Haughtiness, vain-glory.
A *A birtum, Dates thoroughly dried.
r & Bartah, Name of a hero in Trn.
Puy bartahidan, To throw upon the ground. To de
stroy, subvert, overturn, overwhelm, deface. To heap together.
*A bartiba, (in ancient Persian) A swallow.
A r bars, Soft, smooth, level ground.
*JP bursun, The top of the finger. The soft part under
the claws of birds and beasts. Name of an Arabian tribe.
A *; bursutat, A dangerous place. .
. "t burj. A cylinder, a rolling-pin. Burj. A dove-cote.
At A barj (from r), Eating and drinking plentifully.
*!
...A & 2 burj. A castle, tower, fortress, wall, rampart, bastion.
&; The tower or bastion of a castle. Burj. A star, a
oustellation. The house or station of the moon or any other
planet. sign of the zodiac. P
A Jz (or A 3-)
A Aquarius. -' zzy' The signs Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius.
J- The zodiac, the celestial signs. AA ** The
Pleiades (met.) The face of a mistress. J; 20 y! Taurus.
* 4'- Ji- *A An angel. The human understanding. P z
J-The sign Aries. r *; n The sign Virgo. JJ n
To be unveiled. - (or x- z) The sign Gemini.
A A A noble house. The highest degree of dignity and
Prosperity. A.; zzy' Name of a tower in the fortress of Dar
band. Js z The sign Cancer.
At A baraj, (from z_2) Having the white of the eye exactly
"rrounding the black. Such a formation of the eye. Beauti
", lovely-faced. Sweet-scented flag.
t
P -2 barj, In place. Properly placed. True, accurate,
right. J To be finished, arranged. J *A To
observe, to pay attention, to arrange, eye; r, Jie taki bar
j budan, To be in sound understanding.
A barja, (fem. of zz" abraj) Beautiful-eyed (woman).
P J--> burjas, A butt to shoot at (especially elevated high
in the air). A stone thrown into the water, in order to put it
in motion and make it flow fresh from the spring. A heap of
stones (by the way-side). -
P ----> Burjasb, Name of an ancient warrior of Trn.
r 3-A burjf (or 3-2 burchf), A species of bean. Y
P <!-A barjamah, A rich and valuable dress.
A e-A Burjan, Name of a famous robber, or gang of rob
bers.e-A cr J.- More fierce or thievish than Burjn.
rej ** e-A barjn kadam nihdan, To despair of life.
P <-2 barjay, (equivalent to -2 barja) Upon the spot.
A *P burjud, A garment of a thick, hairy, shaggy stuff. - :
P bar juxic, Somewhat, a little, in part. !
P J.--2 barjastagi, An eruption, a pustule.
* C-r barjastan, To have any pustulous complaint (as the
small-pox). To leap, to bound. To palpitate, to beat.
P &--A barjastah, Befitting, proper, right, opportune.
A *-x burjamat, The middle joint of the finger, nearest to
the first joint (which is called &-y rjibat, that which is next
to the hand being named *-** ashjat, as the strongest). A
finger-joint in general. The middle talon of a bird.
P J-A barjoshidag, The small-pox, the measles.
P J-A barjoshidan, To boil up, to grow hot, to ferment.
P e-'-2 barjahnzdan, To cause to leap.
A v-J Barjis, The planet Jupiter. A milch camel.
P & barchakh, A small spear used by the Hinds.
r eye-A barchidan (for Jr-2 bar chidan), To collect.
P 9-2 Birchand, Name of a village in Khursn.
P & 2 barchah, A kind of large spear.
II U-2 barchi, A small spear.
P J-y bar chidan, To collect, to gather, to assemble. To
gird up the loins, to prepare, to make haste. To pick, choose.
To clench (a nail). J-y er's To gird up one's loins.
P *~~ bar china, Gathering. A collector.
* cr barchindan (or ex~~~), To gather, to collect.
P *e--a barchin-gh, A seat, a chair.
A t barh, Affliction, calamity, distress. Name of a place in
Yaman. Burah, (pl. of &er burhat) Excellent she-camels.
A 4-A burhat, An excellent she-camel.
A |-2 burh, The paroxysm of a fever.
A c- * ,--> A bar hasb-i was d-i sbik, According to
a former promise. --
PG-2 bar hakk, In truth, indeed, forsooth.
p f--~~~~ ba rahmat amadah, Moved with pity,
A baraha', An interjection or exclamation, used when
2 L
 t j
- one misses the mark (as r" maraha'is employed when the
shot takes place, or when any favourite point is gained).
A c-2 birhin or burhin, Difficulties. Afflictions.
r t barkh, A little, somewhat, some, a few. A lot, a por
tion. A house, an edifice, a parlour, dining-room, or open apart
ment at the top of Eastern houses. A cavern, a subterraneous
habitation, a den, a grotto. A cistern. Conveniency, prosperity.
Household furniture. Lightning. A fish. A spark.
A 2 barkh, Increase, abundance. A low price put upon pro
visions or other goods (by edict of a magistrate). Power, au
thority, dominion. Slenderness or weakness of the neck or back.
A wound with a sword which cuts away part of the flesh.
Fr burkh, Dew.
P z barkhj, A spindle, a whirl.
PJ bar khr, Ascent, elevation.
P --~~ bar khst, Adjournment. Recall, dismissal.
P c-s:2 bar khstan, To rise, arise, rise against, make an
insurrection. To stir up, rouse, instigate, excite. To stand
still, to stop, to desist. To grow, increase. To raise, spring up.
P &cb~~~~ barkhst-nmah, An order of recall.
P <& barkhstah, Raised. J <--> bar khastah shu
dan, To be raised. To become loud (as the clamour of a mob).
P L*2 barkhsh, Battle, conflict. Tumult, insurrection.
Commotion, rebellion. Violence, oppression. Sorrow, distress.
**** barkhsh-j, Disposed for war, pugnacious.
P J barkhn, A cry, a clamour. Name of a country.
P *A barkhaj (or *A barkhakh), Deformed, ugly.
rvs, barakhsh, The back of any beast of burden.
A 3|A& burakhdt, A woman of a delicate form.
p *A barkhafaj (or &=2 barkhaanj), The night-mare.
P J barkhaji, Litigation, emulation, combat.
P J% t barkh kardan, To create.
r ls bar khilf, Contrary, opposite, repugnant to.
P Jr- A-2 bar khuld sar kardan, To obtain immortality.
Pi barkhanj, A granary, a storehouse. The pruning
of superfluous branches. Joy, shouts of triumph, exultation.
P *** bar kh'bah, A quilt, a mattrass. A bed-fellow.
P z barkhj (or Lr barkhsh), A spindle, a whirl.
p_\;<r bar-kh'r, Glory. Fortune. A partner.
PJe barkh-dr, Happy, prosperous. Glorying.
Pe ex-A bar khad pchidan, To be greatly distressed.
P c2 bar khdgiritan, To make one's self responsible.
p_33A bar-khar, Glory, prosperity, good-fortune. A daily
allowance. A barn, a granary. A companion, a partner in
trade. Full of blood. Pounding or bruising small.
PLlyjr bar-khrdr, Happy, enjoying long life and pros
perity. Receiving a daily allowance. Glorying, boasting. House
hold furniture, utensils.
P s bar-khrdr, Maintenance. Happiness, felici upon a musical instrument; to sing melodiously, to modulate.
ty, glory, reputation, good fortune. To enjoy.
258 2}
Pej93-2 bar khardan, To eat the fruit, to enjoy. To meet.
pj ** barkhuz, A large earthen vessel, used by shepherds.
r J barkhash, Good, right. Very well, as it should be.
re--: barkhoshidagi, An eruption on the body; measles.
P J*** barkhhal, Crooked, awry.
P & barkhah, A piece, a morsel.
P s barkhi, Some, a little, somewhat, a particle or small
portion. An offering, a ransom. A substitute.
Pe barkhidan, To extract, to draw out. To pluck, pull.
To reap, to mow. To unravel, loose, resolve, tease (cotton or
wool). To shave. To fortify, fence (with thorns, &c.). To
be inverted, changed, converted. To clench or rivet nails. To
surround or set (jewels with gold). To find, invent. To mag
nify. To remain quiet, to wait.
P}:32 barkhez, Rising.
ry-s barkheza, Rising up. An insurgent.
PJz barkhzndan, To erect. To rouse, stimulate.
p U5:32 barkhzish, A rising, an insurrection, a rebellion.
re-s barkhin, A little ransom, a small portion.
re, bard, An enigma. Stand off! give way! hold off! take
care! begone ! retire Reverence, dread, terror. A captive,
a prisoner of war. A stone. (In the Karmnian dialect) a city.
*A 92 baruda, (fut. r yabrudu) It was cold.
A 92 bard, Cold, chill. Cold, chillness. Sleep. * > *
bard wa shita, Cold and winter. 2, 2/- harr wa bard, Heat
and cold. Bard (from 22), Becoming cold. Hailing. Apply
ing cool antimony to the eye. Pouring water upon bread.
Filing. Being firm. Being necessary. Abiding always. Burd,
Striped cloth. A locust's wing. Name of a certain slave. 92
--~~!) burd'ushshabb, The vesture of youth. zy. ,92 burd
mizaj, The habit of the constitution. j , or burd-i yamnly,
Striped stuff of Yaman. Barad, Hail. Tempest. Barid, Cold.
Hailing. Name of a place. 22 ,-\s sahb-i barid, Hailing
clouds. Burud, (pl. of AA bard) Arranged, disposed, prepared.
Messengers, couriers. Guides. Animals (called likewise c
barwanak or c juranik), which serve as guides to the lion;
jackals, lions' providers. Post-horses, relays. Journies made
by post-horses. Measures of three parasangs or twelve miles:
also, measures of two parasangs (the fourth part of a day's jour
ney). Nocturnal stages on horseback.
re, burd, (pret.ofeye, burdan) He carried, bore, supported,
carried off. A carrying, a bearing. (at chess) When only the
king is left to the party. Barad, He may carry.
ple, bard, The confused noise of combatants. An enig"
P 92/92 bard-a-bard, (A word used by guards, ushers, or offi
eers in clearing the way) Have a care! stand by Confusion,
P clo, bardkhtan, To turn or betake one's self to *")
place or thing. To prepare for, or begin (a journey). T be
addicted, inelined, or attached to anything. To sound or play
To
 22 259 22
be at leisure, to finish or leave off anything, to have nothing to A &e bardatat, A cloth stuffed with wool, placed under the
do. To empty, evacuate, make void, to embowel. To aban saddle. A pannel, a pack-saddle, a dorser.
don, quit. To get to the end of anything. To seize, carry off. J bardatiy (, see, bardaghiy or Use, bardakiy), A
A
maker or vender of saddle-cloths. w

P JloA bar ddan, To quit, to release, to free.

P992 bar dr, Exalted, lifted up. Suspended, hanged, cru P exlai-A bar daftar agandan, To register, to enrol.
cified. A summer-house. clr To crucify, to hang. J P 92 bardak, A fable, a fiction, a parable. A charm.
v To be hanged. Bardr (from clr bardshtan), Bear Bardak or burdak, An enigma, a riddle, an equivoque.
ing, supporting, raising or holding up. Observing, obeying, exe P e.92 bardagn, (pl. of so, bardah) Slaves, bondmen.
cuting, j J, farmn-bardr (orJo, K- hukm-bardr), P J2, bardagi, Captivity, slavery. (cASTELLUs.)
Obeying commands. Bar-dr, Bearing fruit. Burdr, A bearer P ce, bar dam, A moment, an instant. Burdam, I carried.
of burthens. Patient, long-suffering. re-cy bardamidan, To shoot forth, to grow. To be angry.
PJ%J'92 dar daridan, To raise up, to support. To hang. Pey burdan, To carry (a burden), to bear, bring, lead,
P-le, bardsht, Endurance, patience. A musical in conduct, transfer, transport. To take, assume, carry off, draw,
strument pertaining to royalty. remove, abstract. To gain at play. To go, run, fly. To obey,
P e-89, bar dshtan (or eyey; <!92 bardshtah kardan), execute. J c- itikd burdan, To believe. Jer 3.-
To exalt, raise, elevate. To bear up, to support, prop, sustain. hasad burdan, To bear malice, to envy, eye, al- hamlah
To take, to assume. To take upon one's self. To move, to re burdan, To make an attack, to assault, to insult. J---
.*: J
move, to carry off. To offer. To fly for refuge. To over eye, dar panh-i kasi burdan, To fly for refuge to any one.
look, disregard. clr <-T b bar dshtan, To draw water. Jy? t shakk burdan, To doubt, eye, J, farmn bur
p *** bar dashtani, Possibility, certainty.
dan, To obey commands, execute orders. 92 led khud burd,
P <!92 bar dashtah, Exalted. A man who flies to avoid Where do you go? whither does God conduct you ?
punishment; one who takes refuge in a sanctuary. Exposed to P ** 2 bar dawm, Always, continually. 99 be 2 bar da
hazard, left to the wide world. wm bad, May it endure for ever!
P e-b bar dawmi, Perpetuity, endless duration.
rj's clo, bardshtah-khtir, Uneasy. Disgusted.
P 892 bardgh, Name of a herb used in dyeing. r J birdan, Velocity. A swift horse.
P J bardal, A pair of compasses. P <&9). bardang, A hillock in the midst of a desert.
L JA Burdl, (Burdigala) Bourdeaux. s c Bardawan, (s vardhamna, Thriving)
*JA bardan, The juice of a certain stinking plant. Name of a district and of a city in Bengal.
AJJA bardn, Cold, patient of cold. Name of a place. A el- 3 J.A. bard wa salm, Ribwort.
Baradn, Name of a place in Arabia, and of another in Irk,
e Je 2 bar dosh, On the shoulders. Ly A & khirkah
famous for wine produced there. bar dosh, Clad in shreds and patches. A religious mendicant.
A ~92) al bardni, (The two colds) morning and evening.
P ex, birdn, A gelding.
r &le; bardnah, Bread, steeped in milk, and fried with butter. f so, bardah (or 92 bard), A captive, a prisoner of war. A
PJ burd-br, A bearer of burthens. Forbearing. Patient,
long-suffering, The tedious winding-up of any business. slave, a servant. Jer 392 To make prisoner, to take captive.
Burdah, Borne, carried away. ej. 89, To be carried off.
* +5%92 burd-br, Patience under burthens or oppression.
r L, see bardah-arsh, A slave-dealer.
* 9; 32 bard bard, Give place! make way! A so, bardi, The shrub papyrus, of which paper was an
A392 bardat, A mark made upon sheep. J 5* ciently made ; also sails, ropes, mats, and various other useful
huwa libardati yamini, He is perfectly known to me. 4. A articles; also a kind of cotton, which is produced from the papy
*i. 592 hija laka bardata masih, She is your's with her rus, and being mixed with lime, makes an exceeding strong ce
whole heart. Burdat, A habit sometimes of black checkered ment. Barada', Name of a stream in Damascus.
stuff, sometimes striped, worn by the Arabians; a cassock, or P r bardi, A masquerade. Mirth, jollity, festivity, laugh
habit, worn by the dervishes, or by the mendicants. Baradat, ing, jesting, raillery, pleasantry. A vase of polished marble,
Indigestion, heaviness at the stomach, bradypepsy. Reeds, of which they make mats. Burdi, Thou carriedst, barest.
Ag baradaj, A captive, prisoner of war. Name of a village. A most excellent species of date.
*J bar dar, The lintel over a door. (forJ) A brother. P J. or burdytan, To win at play, to gain.
*L-9; birdas (or L-3A bardis), An overbearing, a proud, rej, bardidan, To retire, to withdraw, to retreat.
*Percilious man. Deformed, of an ugly aspect. f Go, bardik, Ignorant, uninformed.
*& Bardat, Name of a country; also of a city. ren, bardin, Dregs, filth, refuse of anything. Rust.
2 L 2
 Ly?
A c birzawn or burzun,
A horse or any beast of burthen,
that is dull and sluggish. A pack-horse.
P *92 bar rh, An ornament. Decorated, handsome.
A 52 bararat, (pl. of A birr), Just, pious (men).
r c-p 2 bar rastan, To arise.
P & 92 bar rustah, A plant without a stalk. Clownish.
Puy~92 barrasidan, To investigate, to obtain information.
rej). A bar raftan, To precede.
PJA 2- r bar roy dawdan, To speak fluently.
r & JJ barrik, Fasting. Ignorant.
*Ajj' baraza, (fut. jr yabruzu) He went forth.
r_j , barz, Corn, grain. A sown field. Seed. Agriculture.
The sap or branch of a tree. Barz or burz, Stature, height,
tallness, elegance of shape. Tall, exalted, elevated, sublime. A
trowel. Perfect, complete, entire. Full splendour.
A 32 barz, Respectable, intelligent. Abstinent, temperate,
honourable. Burz, Writing. Name of a village in 22 Marw.
A 92 barza, A wide plain without trees. A Purgatory.
A {}} barzgh, Puberty, youth.
A $32 barzat, A woman who converses modestly with men.
A g barzaj, A kind of herb.
P & jj. burzaj, The roaring of a lion.
A 5.2 barsakh, An interval, a partition, a bar. The interval
of time according to the Kurn (ch. xxiii. Sale), between the
death of a man and the resurrection; before which period the
Muhammadans do not imagine that the departed spirits receive
either their rewards or punishments.
rej, bar zadan, To strike up. To raise, elevate. To level.
To count or play with the fingers. To collect. To separate.
To cast anchor. Jejj. c's To make a noise, raise the voice.
r s, bar zadah, Raised, shot forth.
A *32 barzazat, A couch, a bed. A carpet, a mat.
A {j}: burzugh, Cheerfulness, alacrity (of youth). A young
man of an excellent constitution. Full, stuffed, crammed.
P. *}} barazghah, A saddle or pannel-cloth.
r32 barzak, The seed of lint of hemp.
P c barazgn, Men and maid-servants. Family, ancestors.
- barz-gar, A farmer, a ploughman.
P barz-gari, Agriculture.
A JA burzul, A heavy corpulent man.
P ^j}: barzam, A sack. A wink, a nod, an amorous glance.
Name of a fortress near the river ><! Amu, (Jihn or Oxus).
P c bar zaman, Formerly, sometimes.
ruj; barzan (or ej, parsan), A mansion, a dwelling. A
street, especially a long one. The top or extreme part of a
street, the corner of a square or court. A field. Birzan, An
earthen pan used for baking bread in.
P ej barzandan, To sow. To quadrate, agree, or tally.
A & 32 burzgh, Full-grown (youth). Buoyancy of spirits.
260 C
rej, barzn, A Turkish horse.
*}}}} Burzuwila, Name of an ancient wrestler.
r n barzah, Seed. A branch. A ploughing-ox. A stuff
made of silk and thread. Burzah, A sort of the gum-arabic tree.
rj barzah-barz, A sown-field, a seed-plot. Cloth, or a
garment, made of silk and wool.
r barzah-gaw, An ox used in agriculture.
*AA barzah-gar, A sower, a farmer.
* * j, bar:7, A husbandman. Burzi, Name of a wrestler.
A 532 barv, Respectable, moral. Intelligent.
Pe barxidan, To sow. To quadrate, to agree, to cor
respond with. To persevere. Barazdan, To dress becomingly,
P & 32 barzik, A rude, unpolished, clownish man.
A Cj barrik, A body, a society, an assembly.
*A32 bar:7-gar, An agriculturist, a farmer, a husbandman.
P*A52 barzi-gari, Husbandry, agriculture.
re 32 Barzin (or c, Parzin), One of the names of the
sect of Abraham (Zoroaster or Zardusht), otherwise called Gue
bres, or worshippers of fire, in Persia. Name of one of their
chief priests, who built the first pyree, or fire-temple, and esta
blished this mode of worship. Name of an ancient warrior.
Burning, flaming: as cy JST azir-i barzn, Flaming fire.
A pyree, or tenmple, where fire is kept perpetually
Fire, flame.
burning. The chief priest of such a temple. Burzin, Public.
A c, barn, A cup made of a branch of the palm-tree.
A & 32 Barziyah, Name of a strong fortress in Syria.
Pjr. barj, Perfect, complete, entire. High, sublime. Power.
Full splendour. A whirlpool.
A J-2 bars, (from U-2) Being severe upon a debtor. A
kind of opium prepared from the leaves of hemp, which raises
the spirits, promotes cheerfulness, and inspires courage. Birs
or burs, A sort of coarse cotton, gathered from the tops of the
reed papyrus. A species of poppy, but taller, which bears a
kind of woolly substance on the top. A foul spottiness on the
body like the white morphew, a species ofleprosy. The skill of
a guide in shewing the way. Burs, Name of a forest in Arabia.
PU-2 burs (or J-2 purs), A bridle, halter. A kind of wood
en forceps put upon the nose of an unruly horse, especially when
shoeing; a similar piece of wood, through which the camel's
bridle runs. An unruly horse. A curry-comb. A spur. A
yellow plant resembling sesame. Fruit of the mountain-cypress.
A baras, A crowd, a body, an assembly of men.
H ~~2 barsat, (s. ) The rainy season (in India).
P barsm or birsam, Madness, fury, insanity. The night
mare. A pain in the breast, an oppression, wind, or swelling "
the stomach. The pleurisy. The pricking pain of any distem
per. A stoppage in the circulation of the blood Fat, corpulent.
A kind of sweet paste made with flour and honey.
Pe barsn or birsan, An oven, furnace. A kind of bird
 Cy
resembling a peacock. Excellent wine. People of the same
religion. Bursan, A dragon.
r J-2 bar sabil, In the way of, by way of
P & barasad, May it come to pass!
P, A bar sar, On or at the head, end, or point. These two
words are much used in composition, as in the following exam
ples: e - A bar sar amadan, To conquer, to be at the head.
ejyfJ. A bar sar awardan, To bring to the point, to discover.
J- 2-2 bar sar-ipistdan, To stand on the point of the
foot; to stand. --- 2, 2 bar sar-i chashm, On the point of
f
the eye; most willingly. e ~~~~ Ar 2 bar sar-i hisb
amadan, To come to the end of the account; to be reconciled,
satisfied, contented. Jy J. A. bar sar-i rasdan, Upon the
point of arriving, cy cs^ 2. A bar sar-i sakhun raftan, To
go to the head of the discourse; to explain. Jej > 2 bar sar
:adan, To lose one's senses. JS 2- A bar sar-i kr, On the
point of business; when there is occasion.
P **i. U2 burs-ghunchah, Juniper-berries.
* -2 barsam, A small present, any thing carried not to go
empty-handed. Rods of a span long used by the fire-worshippers
in their ceremonies. (Hyde, Hist. rel. vet. Pers. cap. xxvii.)
re--: barsam-chin, The knife used in cutting those rods.
P J barsam-dn, The case for keeping those rods in.
Pej bursun, A ring of wood, or of hair, passed through a
camel's nose, to which the bridle is fastened. A nose-jewel, worn
by the ladies in the East. A bride. A yoke. Birsun, Cotton.
p <-2 barsang, A counterpoise, an equilibrium, anything
hung at one side to counterbalance the load upon the other.
P *** barslah, A lozenge composed of nuts and mace.
PU-2 barsi, Weariness, irksomeness.
P J-2 barsiyn(ore barsiywshn), The shepherd's
crook; also, maiden-hair (herbs).
p bar siyah, Brown, tawny. Black bile, melancholy.
Pe barasidan, To be finished, completed. To be an
nihilated, erased, abolished, defaced, or consumed.
PJ-2 barsin, Clover.
p A barsin, Name of a plant, the seed of which is good
for the itch.
PU, barsh, Desire. Birsh, A halter. Barish, A pair ofcom
Passes. The shingles. A chip, a shaving. Upon him, his breast.
A J barash, Small spots or hairs upon a horse, of a different
"olour from the rest; also spots upon the human body.
**2 barsh, A body, a crowd, a society.
p Js ** A bar shakh-i ahuwan, Impossible, unattainable.
A t, birsht, Foolish, headstrong.
A *A barsham (or &\ barshamah), A sharp piercing
"Ye. A sharp dart. Sharp teeth. Having sharp teeth.
A J barshn, People of the same religion. Burshn,
"read, used by the Eastern Christians in the Eucharist. A wafer.
261 **
burshat, Spots upon a horse. Different-coloured spots.
A&by
on the human body. A white speck upon the mail. w
P c---p bar shutarnishastan, To get abroad (a secret).
Pej burushtan, To fry. To roast. To broil. To bake.
P & burushtah, Fried, roasted, broiled, toasted, baked,
cooked. & J gil-i burushtah, Clay baked and hardened.
P e, Barshijan (or e), Name of a place.
Pej, bar shudan, To be superior. To be collected.
A 8$2 birshie, A tall corpulent man. A fool. Malignant.
P <</ barshak, A wine or oil-press. A belt, a surcingle.
h J& barshakl, (s a G) The rainy season.
P e- bar shikastan, To shun, to quit, to retire.
A *A burshum, A veil for the face.
A *** barshamat (from **A Q) Being silent from grief.
Discovering excessive sorrow. Drawing (the face) in wrinkles.
Looking stedfastly. A sharp piercing eye. Quickness of sight.
p c, barshan, Ivy.
P J barshunan, People of the same religion.
P ^*} barshum, A kind of dried date.
P t barshahi, Down growing on a bird's wing. A wing.
P Barshij, Name of a place between Irn and Trn.
reje cj, 2^j, bar shar-i narzin nihdan, To be very
valiant. To increase.
re-t- > * > bar shir nishastan, To hide, to conceal.
A Je; Bars, An animal generated in wells. Burs (pl. of
J22) abras), Leprous. Jer" al burs, The moon (her disk ap
pearing spotted like a leper). Baras, Leprosy. White eruptions
upon cattle from the bites of insects or any other cause. -
A *A barsa, (fem. of J22' abras) Leprous. (Pasture-ground)
cropped very short by cattle. Shining-skinned (serpent).
A &e; bursat, (pl. of J2, bars) The mansions of the de
mons. Barren sandy deserts, without herbage.
reje Vs bar sahr nihdan, To disclose, to publish.
A *** Barszsa, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
-
A J barz (from JA), Giving little. Flowing slowly (water
from the fountain). Barz or birz, A few. A little water.
A burzum, A leathern case (for a glass bottle, &c.).
A v Barts, Name of a city in Turkistan.
reje Jj bar tk nihdan, To exalt, promote. To quit.
A *** bartm, Having swelled lips.
A J bartnak, The herb betony.
P J Bartyil, Name of a fabulous island in India, pictured
as a most enchanting place; sweet voices and melodious instru
ments, we are told, are heard in the air, and in the night-time it
is visited by a species of sea-cows, who breathe a flame from
their nostrils, which illuminates the whole country. Name of a
tree which this island is said to produce.
*c bar tabak, According to.
r 5%, bar tara, Aside, apart. J J 5%; bar taraf
 *_2
sz badan, To be set aside, or delayed till another time. To be
finished, eoncluded. Ley; 5%2 bar tarafkardan, To set aside,
dismiss. w #2 bar tarafnihadan, To set apart, remove, also a dish made of grain. Barley-sugar.
displace, throw away, reject. To preserve till another time. To
terminate, conclude. 5%J' &la latifah bar tara, Let joking
cease! raillery apart!
p 3}} bar tarai, Dismissal, discharge.
A * bartasat (from v q), Letting (camels on hire).
A J burtul, A high cap, a tiara, a mitre.
PA 4, bartalah or bartulah, A cap worn under the turban.
A J birtil, A long stone. A long piece of iron, with
which they notch a millstone. An iron beetle. A kind of long
crow of iron used by miners and others in splitting of stones. A
bribe to corrupt a judge.
P *A Bartiyah, Name of a region and of a city.
skA ** bartama, (fut. *r yubartimu) He wrestled.
*A bartamat, A swelling with rage.
A
*A bartanat, Sport, amusement, play.
A
*A & P barata or baruta, (fut. & ryabraeu) He excelled.
A -e, bareas, Podex. Bureas, Name of a place.
A U-e, birtis (or L birts), Abounding in milk (a ca
mel). Finely-shaped. Birtis, Careless, indifferent.
P v bar aks, Inversely. On the contrary.
A t bartum (or bartm), A bud.
A **** bargamat (from *2 Q) Budding (a tree).
A -->er barts, A serpent.
A *" Al buream, Name of a place in Arabia.
P &A bargh, birgh or burgh, A dam, dike, mound, bank, or
any kind of water-inclosure.
a $2 burgh, A low place where water stagnates. A little
animal which creeps upon the surface of the water. Distant.
p bargh-b, A dam. A place where water stagnates.
Aj barghs (j barghas, burghuz or j, burghz),
A calf when able to follow the cow. Malicious.
Pe barghlidan, To excite. To throw. To pluck up.
re- birghlidan, To satisfy.
A & barghasat, The colour of ashes.
A vz' barghas (~ barghast or ~2 barghasht), 's 2-5). A thunderbolt.
An herb, which, when boiled, is given to cattle. A kind of wild
thorny winter pot-herb. The wild purging apple.
P -#2 barghastwa, A soup made from the plant ---.
A U-52 barghash, A kind of gnat.
A J3, burghul, The whelp of a hyena. Flummery.
rele, barghalndan, To cause to excite, stimulate,
animate. To make to throw. To cause to pluck up.
rev, barghamn, A large serpent.
Pel barghandn, A carnival. See e barkandan.
F} burgh, A hollow tree. A musical pipe.
A **** burghas, A flea.
262 c32
A. Jr" al burghsy, Flea-wort.
A J;; burghl, Wheat, barley, corn, (especially bruised);
r & barghah, Having the tongue cut out or mutilated.
A J, barghil or birghil, A district situated near water, or
between an inhabited country and a desert.
r 52 barf, Snow.
r 7 32 barf-b, Snow-water, water as cold as snow.
Spittle. Je 52 To be cold. To damp the spirits,
P J barfn, A lamb's fleece. A leathern garment.
P *2 barfakhj, The night-mare, the incubus.
P JA barf-dn, An ice-house. The gullet.
p;32 barfar (or 8,32 barfarah), Dignity, rank.
f s, barfarzindah, An illuminater.
P e &AA bar fargh kardan, To finish, leave off work.
r 2,32 barfard, Above and below. An arched building.
P J bar farshn, People of one nation.
P 595 3, barf-zad, Injury caused (to crops) by snow.
Pt-J.e. s bar fishndan-i dast, To dance. Dancing.
re--eys, bar fuln chakidan, To fall upon any one.
To suspect any one.
P barf-nk, Snowy. Coyered with snow.
P & barfanj, Rough, difficult, arduous (road or business).
Any thing new, uncommon, recently happened. First-fruits.
P <<s barfanjak, The incubus. Any thing intoxicating.
P & 32 barfand, Fraud, deceit, treachery. A foolish speech.
An agreeable speech. Any deep place or thing. A valley, a ditch.
A zone, a belt. An arched building. An army.
rj, barfandr, A commentator, a lecturer. A wise man,
who solves difficulties in religion, law, or the abstract sciences.
A master of any art or profession. A musician, a singer.
f s, barfandah, A clothes-chest or press. A fruit-pannier.
Pj932 barfz, Purslain. The parts round the mouth.
ru.32 barfi, A kind of sweetmeat.
232 barfir, (IIoppea) Purple. The purple-shell-fish.
*A JA baraka, (fut. L yabruku) (The sword) glittered.
A JA bark, Lightning. A flashing cloud. A thunderbolt.
---.J.A bark-i khullab, Flashing
clouds without rain (a proverb applied to those who brag much).
re,9} J, To lighten, to flash. Gu Jr. A sword with a
Yaman-blade. A Burk, A Lybian lizard. Barak, A lamb. A
ram. (from Jr.) Having the eyes so dazzled with glare as
scarcely to be able to shut them. Being astonished, confounded.
Having the gripes (a sheep) from eating of the herb U22 bar
wak (aphodel). p. Jr. barak sag, A hairy dog. A Burak,
(pl. of 3-52 burkat) Rough, stony, sandy grounds.
A 52 barka, (fem. of J2) abrak) An eye (as shining, glossy,
and being of different colours). Stony, sandy ground.
P J ..s Barkazi zal, Name of a mountain.
 % 263
rac bar ksidah, According to rule. Customarily.
p camel's reclining on it. That part of the breast touehing the
ir, w barkn, A lamb-skin.
p ground. The bason of a fountain. A large reservoir of water,
J barkn, A various-coloured locust. (from J) Light a lake, a pond. Stagnant waters.
A
ning, flashing, thundering. Glittering (a sword). Glimmer A . burkat, An aquatic bird, a species of white duck.
ing. Sparkling (the eye). Birkn, (pl. of Jr. barak) Lambs. A 2 barakat, A blessing.
w
rj|All JR bark-and, A matchlock-man, a musketeer.
a barkrt, (pl. of 5A bark), Eyes.
As t
A Barkat, Name of a region in Africa.
ffs
A $52 burkat, A name common to twenty-five places in Ara
bia. Coarse ground, consisting of clay, sand, and stones.
A&sA barkahat, Deformity of face.
p barkarr, Firm, solid, immoveable, fixed, constant,
uniform. Firmly, c,9);2 To be established. eLJ
To establish, to conform, to ratify, to render uniform.
A v32 birkash, A species of small bird called J33, shurshir.
A*SA barkashat, (from L-3, 9) Painting or forming any
thing of various colours. Embellishing a narrative.
A*, barkatat, (from las, q) Looking behind the back.
Taking very short steps in walking.
A s birkit, The seventh heaven (with some the fourth, and
others the first). Burkat, A lady's veil, through which only the
eyes are seen. *JK--> A-5 852 burkat-kushay-i har
mushkil, Unveiling and resolving every difficulty.
A *; Barkazid, Name of a town in Syria.
**, barkak, Talc. Gilt paper.
P e' barkandan (orc) r barkadan), A carnival or time
of festivity, before the commencement of the month of fasting
called Ramazn, the ninth of the Muhammadan year.
*J; barkk, An apricot. A kind of bad yellow plum.
**2); 3u'l barkah, Ally the son-in-law of Muhammad.
A J32 barkil, A missile ball for fire-arms, cross-bows, &c.
A G bark, A troop of camels (especially reclining). The
interior part of the breast. Birk, Name of a district in Yaman.
Birak, (pl. of & birkat) Basins of fountains. Stagnant ponds.
Burak, (pl. of& burkat) Small white ducks.
*Act; baraka, (fut. yabruku) He kneeled down.
r barak, A garment made of camel's hair. A short vest.
The star Canopus. Name of a river and of a country.
*32% barkapuz (U-2% barkpils, or Lp barkapush),
The night-mare. The parts round the mouth.
A-29. barakat, (pl. of , barakat) Benedictions. Abun
dance, prosperity. <2%."
*. Jras A plentiful harvest.
"Jj barkrdan, To cut a slice (of a melon). To cut
ut the collar of a coat or a shift.
"J-49. barkshtan, To sow.
A J% barkn (barrakn or 3% barkniy), A kind of
black gown or habit, a barracane.
*u- barkwdan, To cut out a piece (of cloth, or of a
w). To cut a slit in a garment. To dig.
A birkat, The breast (the outside). The manner of a
Abundance, increase. Fertility.
Prosperity. Recompense, reward.
P barkar, Fortune, good luck.
re-'82 barkaryistan, To weigh by the hand.
Pe barkaryzdan, To behave modestly. To feel.
PJ barkardan, To tear up by the root. To commit to
memory, to learn by heart. To kindle (a fire).
rej Us a bur kursky nishndan, To bring an affair
to a happy termination. To set a person's mind at rest.
p --~$2 barkast, Flying to God. May God forbid!
re':-32 barkustuwan (*!)-32 barkustuwanah or e';*,
bargushtuwn), The girth or surcingle of a horse, together
with his armour, covered on both sides with felt-cloth.
P 452 barkasah, Hidden, concealed.
re,A barkashidan, To extract, draw, lead or bring out.
To exhaust. To handle. To increase. To put off a garment.
A s burkut, A man of short stature. A camel's colt whose
neck does not reach to the ground. A beardless youth.
A 3x55, barkazat, (from s5, Q) Cutting, amputating. Stand
ing on all-fours. Falling on the knees. Lying down (a camel).
P barkam, A prohibition, refusal. An impediment, delay.
P Ja bar kamal, In perfection. Complete.
P & barkanj (or t: purkanj), A kind of sweet-meat.
P& barkand, A bribe to a judge. A plucking up. An owl.
PJ bar kandan, To dig up, extirpate, eradicate.
***2 barkandah, Dug up. e **, To be extirpated.
PA barkanah, An electuary made from gold and silver-dust.
pc bar kushtan, To turn inwards.
A32 burkut, (for & #2) A veil for the face.
P*#2 Barkh, Name of a city in Persian Irk.
rej, barkhn, Melody of voice. Harmony of instru
ments. The voice of a parrot.
P & birkah, The bason of a fountain. A reservoir of water,
a pond, a pool, a ditch. Je," & Name of a city so called
from a large reservoir built by one of the ancient kings of Persia.
93-) & The firmament. Burkah, A kind of white duck.
P J baraki, Aspecies of high-crowned cap made of felt.A
kind of rollers which the poorer people wrap round their head.
P A barkinah, An electuary, which promotes cheerfulness.
p = 2 barg, The leaf of a tree. An instrument. Arms.
Intention, aim, design. End. Power, strength. Intellect. An
ornament. Adorned, dressed. A musical instrument. Melody.
Provision for soldiers or travellers. Wealth. A work. A
well-arranged discourse. State, condition. J> .* bargi
tambl, Betel-leaf c- .c bargi chashm, (The leaf of
 264
the eye) the eye-lid. J- ~% bargi sabz, ()- ~% bargi
sab-ak or , ~% barg-i tar), A green leaf (the gift of a poor
man). j% ~% bargi kazaruni, Wild anise-seed. ~~
< us mutis-i bi barg, Poor, indigent.
p ex bargshtan, To turn.
p J% Bargn, Name of a village near Shirz.
P-\ <
bargbed, A kind of spear the head of which re
sembles the leaf of a willow.
rja; barg-dr, Leafy, bearing leaves. e---j To
cover with leaves. es, To be in full leaf (trees).
rj, bar guzr, A present, a gift.
p ** bar gird, About. * 22 About the moon.
p J bar gardidan, To be turned, inverted. To recede.
p **** bar gardidah, Tumbled, devolved, fallen upon.
P J% barg-razn (or e;32 barg-rzn), (Scattering
leaves) autumn, the month of November. L3 j barg-rz-i
fund, The autumn of mortality, the decline of the life.
p J4% bar giritan, To take, accept, seize, carry off. To
lit up. To bring. To bear. To cause to put on. To drive
away. To erase, to deface, to abolish.
"-y < bargraz7, The fall of the leaf, autumn.
P Jj bar guzidagn, The elect.
P Jj bar guzzdan, To choose, to select.
I' C- $2.5% barguzida-i tlam, The most select of men.
r U.S., bargas, Mercy upon us! Heaven forbid!
P ---, bargusht, A plant growing like dishevelled hair.
p * bar-gashtag, Apostacy, recession.
P J-4 bar gashtan, To recede, to retire, to return.
A bar gashtah, Broken. Afflicted. Murdered. Dead.
29, < Unfortunate in the world, desperate, abandoned,
disgraced. J- <% (pl. el- A), Most afflicted.
p2-) A bar-gashtah-akhtar, Unfortunate.
P A bar-gashah, Covered, concealed.
r s <& barggah, A shoot, a stalk.
J ~% barg-nil, Indigo, woad.
P e-s bar gumashtan, To put in authority, to install.
rj, <& bargo bar, Leaves and fruit.
rj c, bargo sax (or \; ; c) Means of subsistence.
p % bargk, A structure, an edifice.
* Jej <! 2 bar lang zadan, To run away.
*A*A barima, (fut. r. Jabramu) He was wearied out.
* n barm, Guard, protection. Remembrance. Expecta
tion. A reservoir for rain-water. Name of a water-bird; also
of an herb. Baram, A two-pronged fork. A trellis,
A r baram, Wexation, fatigue, languor, disgust. One who
refuses to go partner with gamesters (from avarice). Fruit of
a dwarf-thorn called slie tizt. Sour, hard grapes.
ru-\s, barms, The touch. The sense of feeling.
*>
re--:r bar misidan, To enquire, examine, prove, touch,
feel. To rub one limb against another.
P J bar mal, Running away. A peak.
P J J bar malzadan, To run away.
P ej bar mlidan, To fold, to twist. To tuck up the
sleeves. To run away.
P e--l <<-- *A bar mah mushk andkhtan, (To throw
musk on the moon's face) To have a mole on the cheek.
P s barmahah (**** barmah or s parmah), An auger
or wimble for piercing wood or iron. A surgeon's trepan.
P ex barmayun (or ex), The famous bull (some say
cow) belonging to king Faridun of Persia. A kind of silk.
A &A barmat, The fruit of a thorny shrub. Burmat, Alarge
cauldron or kettle used in Khursn hollowed out of stone.
A **** bi rummatiha, All, the whole.
Pe-s barmajidan, To handle, touch, try, feel, examine
by the hand. To rub. To creep. To drag violently.
re-s bar makhidan, To be disobedient, undutiful.
r s s, barmakhidah, Refractory, disobedient, self-willed.
r2s2 barmar, Desire. Hope. (s *{{U) A bee.
P , s bar murad, According to (one's) wishes.
re--: barmas?dan, To handle, try, feel.
Pe-s bar mashidan, To creep. To snatch, to draw.
P_j *s bar maghz, A present made to an errand-boy.
P -i--: bar muktaza, According to. 2-
s-i--: bar
mukta-a-i sulh, Agreeable to the (treaty of) peace.
P & Barmak, Name of a noble family, originally from
Balkh in Khursn, and highly celebrated all over the East for
their generosity, magnificence, and distinguished patronage of
men of genius. One of the most illustrious was governor to the
great Khalif Harn Arrashid, and his son Jafar was afterwards
first minister to that prince; but, having incurred his displea
sure, he was, with several of the heads of the family, put to
death. The cause assigned for Jfar's melancholy fate seems by
no means to justify a vengeance so dreadful. The Khalf (ac
cording to Khndamir) was fond of the company of his wazir,
and wished to have him constantly with him; but as the etiquette
of Eastern courts could not give him admittance into the inner
apartments unless allied to the royal family, he married him to
a favourite sister called Abbasa, but with the most strict injunc
tions that they should not cohabit. Nature was however more
powerful than the Khalif's commands; Abbasa proved with child,
Jfar was beheaded, his family proscribed, and the sister of the
greatest prince then in the world reduced to the wretchednes
of asking alms, even in the sight of the palace of her brother.
ru K Barmaki, Of the family of Barmacides. A hero, *
noble liberal man.
r &&.r barmakyah, The aloe dressed with sugar and sauce.
P Jy baramgan, The hair of the pubes. -
 cy?
: ls bar mala, Openly, publicly, in sight of all the people.
P
J ls bar mala utadan, To become public.
A Barmany, Name of a place in Irk.
P} barma (or 29, bardu), Expectation, hope, desire.
P -->y bar mjib, According to. 3. 2-le 2~~~~}}
bar mjib-i tdat-i muluk, According to the custom of kings.
ry barmiidah, Anything, a thing in general.
r); r barmur, Fodder. Expectation, hope. A bee.
rj barmuz, Desire, wish. Provender.
rj, Barmzah, Name of the son of *\ sel-.
rers, bar mun, (in poetry for ls bar m) Upon us.
r & barmah, A gimblet, a wimble. An auger.
A & Birmah, Name of a place in Arabia.
AJ-2 barmil, A tun, a butt, a hogshead.
r}:s, barmiy or parmiy, The strangury, heat of urine.
Pey barn, Name of a star. Any place above which some
thing is extended. A broad vessel. A drinking-cup of earth,
or metal. A bundle of rods wattled together. A harrow for
breaking clods. A grate of brass or wood. The new moon.
Name of a city in India.
A cy. Barn, Name of a village in Bahrayn.
p barna (or 92 parn), A youth. Young. Good. Ele
gant, handsome. Libido ovis.
re--' e-A bar nkhun istdan, To stand on tip-toe.
p L-92 barnas, Ignorant, unskilful. Ignorance.
A -92 barnsa, (equivalent to |-2 barnasa) Men.
P J% barnak, A young man, a youth.
* A barnk (or s barnh), A young man.
P A barnmah, A model, an exemplar. Title. Exordium.
re birnan, Name of a tree growing in Ajmir (in Hin
dustn) used for making rosaries.
p &\,: birnanah, A mud-cottage.
p J-92 barnyishti, Alliance, protection, support.
p J barn-i, Youth, the season of youth.
ry barambur, A child's game.
! t baranj, A man nearly blind and thus groping his way.
t." albaranj, A most delicious species of the date. Barinj,
Rice, Birnaj, A kind of medicine which promotes a discharge
of phlegm. Burinj, A species of small Indian purging berries.
Burinj (or t: pirinj), Copper, valuable mountain-brass, ori
chalk. 9) t Rice dressed with turmeric. ** t A
species of currie. J t A black seed resembling pepper.
barinjr (for); t barinj-zar), Rice-grounds.
- baranjsaf (or 4-x baranjsah), An herb call
p
ed dung-wort, mother-wort.
**** baranj-mushk (<<} faranj-mushk and
<; afranj-mushk), The musk of Europe, the tamarisk.
"Jy! baranjan (or er baranjin), A metal-ring worn
by females on their wrists or ancles. Any female ornament. A
265 cy
little pendulous fringed decoration of silk or wool, worn by the
Turkomn women, hanging to their hair, by camels at their
sides, and by horses from their manes,
P J *A baranjah kardan, To torment, to afflict.
P r barand, Plain silk. Name of certain lands in the dis
trict of Murshid-bd. Burand, Tonsure. A sharp sword.
P s barandf, The intestines. A stirrup-leather.
r n barandak, A little hill. A lock, a bolt, a bar. Dross
of iron. A species of the myrobalan.
Pe burundan, To compress, to squeeze.
P ***A barandakam, A medicine made of camomile-flowers.
P s barandah, Operating, acting. A moth. A carrier.
r s burindah, Cutting. A sharp sword.
P U-2 barnas, Shears. Barnas, (barnis or U-2 barnish),
A pain in the bowels, the cholic, the gripes.
A U-2 burnus, A kind of high-crowned cap, worn formerly
in Barbary and Spain. (The Spaniards call it albornoz).
A *-2 barnas-a, Men. 5 <!-2) * J (or 5* *," A),
Of what people or family is he what man is he
rej bar mishindan, To cause to sit. To place.
re-A bar nishastan, To sit up or upon. To mount a
horse, to ride on horseback. To propose, to intend.
P & .32 bar nishashtah, Mounted, riding, sitting.
rj, baranghr, The left wing of an army.
P 32 barank or barnak, Root, origin, first principle. As
sault, inroad, invasion. Silken stuff.
A e.92 barankn, A kind of black gown, a barracane.
* <2 birang or barang, An allowance of provisions. A
bell. A key. A bar, a bolt. A species of the myrobalan. A
grain resembling poppy. Burang, Name of a northern region.
Burung, Gain, acquisition; a hoard.
p >3.2 barn (or 95, parnaw), Brocade.
PU-52 barnus, An army. A general.
P J barnush, A general. Name of a general.
A barnu, Name of an Egyptian tree, whose leaves re
semble the medlar, but more downy, between which grow
bunches of yellowish flowers.
Pe barnn, Sewing-silk.
P & Barnah, Name of a celebrated wrestler.
P J bar nihdan, To place high or above. Coire.
rus, barni, An earthen or glass-vessel, in which they pre
serve flowers, confections, medicines, or sugar.
A $2 baraniy, Foreign, external.
A al barny, A delicious kind of date.
P e barniyn, A silken garment.
P .55-J barnyn-khy, Of a mild and placid temper.
A &A barnyat, A vessel of earth or glass, in which anything
is preserved. (Exodus xvi. 33.) -
rv, barnis, Large shears, with which they shear sheep.
An acorn. Burnis (or Jj, burnish), The cholic.
2 M
 A c, barnik, The hippopotamus, or river-horse. A kind
of fungus oblong and red; or small and blackish.
P barnik, Delicious fruit. A kind of date.
fr Barw, The planet Jupiter. Bar 5, Upon, on, above,
him, her, or it. Biraw, Go. Buru, The eye-brow. A trum
pet, a horn, a tube. A cane, a reed. A canal. The cholic.
(for ~, buriat) Whiskers.
A 2A bar, Creating. Putting a ring through a camel's nose. grown up. Buruk (from %), Kneeling. Lying down on
A <-2 barawt, (pl. of <2\,. bart) Diplomas, patents, pri his breast (a camel). Being firm and solid. Carrying on a re
vileges. & P ~}} barawat-i sharfah, Royal diplomas. ligious war. Striving, exerting one's self. (pl. of ~% bark),
barwar (or j parwr), A summer-house. Troops of camels (especially when reclining). The interior
PJ barwak (or J parwk), The herb asphodel. Shoe parts of the breast.
maker's or weaver's paste, or size.
re barwn, A stomacher, a handkerchief. Any thing
thrown over the shoulders. A long flowing robe. A high cap.
r 22, buriat, Whiskers, mustaches.
A c, burus, (pl. of ~2 bars) Soft, smooth grounds.
P & 22 Barwaj, Broach, a city in Guzerat.
A g burilj, (pl. of c burj) Towers, bastions, walls, for
tifications, ramparts. Celestial signs.
P & 2 bar wajah, By way of, in the manner of <-22
Js" bar waja-i taajil, in haste, quickly.
A c, buriah (from c.2), Turning the left side to you when
passing from right to left (a deer, or any other species of game,
esteemed unlucky by the Arabians).
re, Bard, Bayrt, a city in Syria.
A 22 bard, Cold, frigid. Making cold. ex" 9. A cold
refreshing collyrium, or wash for the eyes. Burd, (from 92)
Perishing. Killing. Sleeping. (pl. of 92 burd) Striped stuffs.
A 9.2 burwad, Unequal ground.
A $922 buriadat (from 9A), Being cold, freezing. Coldness,
lukewarmness. 3,293, Sex: A coldness in friendship. p e
2% buriidat-angz, Exciting coldness, disgusting.
p sl Je 22 bar darutdah, Fallen prostrate.
PJ22 bar-war, Fruitful, pregnant. Lace, fringe, edge.
rj barz, A roost. A fray. Buruz, A bed, a couch.
P jy barz, By day, in the day. j. A jy r: barz, Daily,
from day to day, de die in diem.
Ajy buriz (from j2), Going forth, appearing. Arising.
Being clear, made manifest, published.
r), barwar, (in ancient Persian) A brother.
P J barushan, A prince. A chief. A religious sect.
P barushak, Dust, earth.
A J buriz, (pl. of J, barz or bir) Few, some.
* {3} Barit, Name of a woman. Name of a camel.
re, 22 bar ofurd, Up and down. Ascent, descent.
r &, burifah, A turban, a sash.
A J2j? barwak, The herb asphodel. Baruk, A camel ap
pearing pregnant when she is not so. (from J2) Shining,
glittering, dazzling (a sword). Flashing (the heavens). Look
ing stedfastly through half-shut eyes. Buriik, A species of
small tree. (pl. of JA bark) Lightnings, thunderbolts, (pl. of
G, bark) Eyes. -
ej) Albarukatan, Name of a well.
A
r $2 bark, A species of dwarf tree.
A t bark, A woman who marries after having a son
r x-s bar-mand, Rich, fertile (ground). Fruitful (vine.
yard). Wealthy (merchant). A man of fortune, a happy
man. Satisfied. Powerful.
r 5-sex bar-mand, Increase. Ease, happiness.
Pey birn or barn, (for ex}) Without, out, abroad. Not
having. For the sake of, on account of. ea." ey. To come
out. To rebel. Burun, A ring put through a camel's nose.
Barrun, A ram leading the flock. A mountain-goat.
P !- J birn-sar, Base money (not coined at the mint).
P es; + Jj barun shaw kardan, To traduce, to revile.
P C-3922 barianus, An army.
r L barnsh, A general. Name of a general.
r 5: A bar way, (for 3)A bar 5) Above, upon, to him or it.
P & barah or barrah, A lamb. The sign Aries. A fawn.
A pruning-hook (for vines). --: 29 $2 A lamb sucking two
ewes, (met.) Well off, fortunate; having two strings to one's
bow. &#32 The sign Aries. J To help the weak.
Barah, On the road. Provisions for a journey. An aque
duct. The exterior surface of a garment. IIandsome, beauti
ful, decorated. Infirm, weak.
e barhn, Joy, gladness.
P
e'sby burhn, Demonstration, proof. Conviction. A clear
A
judgment or decision. An indisputable argument. A sign, a
mark. A prince, a chief. s JA A convincing proof.
*~~ J A demonstration equal to those adduced by the
Messiah, viz. Healing the sick, raising the dead.
IL; J Barhn-pr, Name of a city in Kandsh (India).
r barhnaj, A gusset.
Pg; burhn-rj, A faithful, convincing discourse.
A burhniy, Demonstrative, decisive. j J
dail-i burhniy, A convincing proof. *,
A & barhat or burhat, A long space of time. Whatsoever.
Jj cr & During a long space of time.
barahtiya, Name of an Indian prickly shrub.
H
Pc2 barhikhtan, To extract, to draw forth. To educate.
to instruct, to teach good manners. To wound.
a **2 barahrahat, A woman (especially a young woma",
beautiful, delicate, and full of animal spirits).
 *} 267
n JSA barhal, Name of a tree, and its fruit.
P barhiliy, Hay-seed. The herb fennel.
r^2 bar ham, Together, collected, assembled. Confused,
perplexed, embroiled, intricate, entangled. Confusion. Jej ** 2
To shut close. To mix, confuse. To embroil. To interfere:
To prevent. J *A To be entangled, embroiled. To be
multiplied. To be diversified. (From A bar and ** ham).
sj Barahmaputar, (=IST1H Brahma-putra, Brahma's
son) Name of a large river which joins the Ganges near Dakka.
A *R barhamat (from o), Looking stedfastly, fixing the
eyes. Burhumat, The buds of trees or flowers.
i Ra, brahmattar, Charity-lands bestowed on Brahmans.
w
***** barham darham, Entangled, confused, topsy-turvy.
re Barhaman or Brahman, (s STSHUT) A Brahman.
The Brahmans form the first tribe or cast amongst the Gentiis
or aboriginal natives of Hindstn; and are so named from
Brahm, their principal deity, to whose service they are more
peculiarly devoted than the other casts; resembling, in that re
spect, the tribe of Levi among the Jews. They are strictly
prohibited by their religion from pursuing any menial employ
ment, but are permitted to enter into any department of state,
r
or to follow the honourable and useful employments of the mer
chant and the farmer. (Menu, ch. x. v. 80, &c.) Brahm, ac
cording to the Hind opinion, was the chief of the three great
Beings formed by Omnipotence, for the peculiar purpose of
creating this world; and, as he published to the Indians the four
Vedas, in which all the sciences and ceremonies of their religion
are contained, he is generally represented with four heads. The
Hindus believe that the Brahmans were produced at the creation
from the mouth of Brahm. (Menu, ch. i. v. 87.)
*J barahnagi, Nakedness, nudity.
*** barahnah, Naked. A clear serene sky. J% &
barahnah kardan, To unveil, to make naked, to despoil.
p & S barahnah-pa, Barefoot.
r;-&s, barahnah-jaw, A kind of barley without husk.
r, 4.8, barahnah-sar, Bare-headed. A pilgrim.
|- * 5, & barahnah-sari, The being uncovered, as a pil
grim on his way to Mecca. Prohibition, repulse, disappointment.
r c, barht, A well, in which the Muhammadans imagine
the souls of all infidels to be confined. They suppose it to be in
Hazramawt, to the eastward of the Straits of Babu'l mandab in
Arabia. Name of a medicinal plant.
rs, barhd, Vain, foolish, absurd. A slight burn, a singe.
Pe barhdan, To burn, to scorch, to singe. To become
discoloured by the heat of fire. To wander, to stray.
Pej barhawan, Separated.
: r barhh, Soap. Marriageable (woman). ba risman-i kas dar chh ma raw, (Descend not into the well by
re-s barhikhtan, To extract. To educate, to teach.
Pe barhiyn, An arch. A circle. Circumference.
--
A s bary (from 45A), Cutting, chipping, making (a pen),
shaping (the nails). Tiring, fatiguing. Bara, Earth. Dust.
rs, bari, A species of herb. -
A 5A bura, (pl. of $2 burat) Rings through a camel's nose.
A & bari-a', Free. Sound. Healed, cured.
A s, bary, Cut, sawed. Clear, innocent, guiltless.
A s barriy, Sylvan, rustic. External. Level (road).
A 92 baryat, (pl. of 32 bariyat) Creatures.
PU:32 barysh, Dispersion. Dispersed.
PJA biryn or buryn, Roasted, broiled, grilled. Baked in
the oven, parched. e e.92 To bake in the owen.
p\s c biryan-muhala, Roast meat, bread and onions.
A &A bariyat (barriyat or - barrit) A desert. r *A
J bariya-i biyaban or e barr-i biybn), A desert.
A&A bariyat, A creature. People.
Pe-, --; bariyat-nishin, Inhabiting the desert; a hermit.
* g barzi, An account comprising the amount and then the
particulars. Name of a tribe of Afghns.
P Jj bar.jan, A portable oven, a furnace, a stove.
A c (e." ibnu) bar?hin, A deer. c (*!) A crow.
A birikh, The back.
A & 2 barid, Disposed, ready prepared (especially for carry
ing royal dispatches). A barid, veredus, courier, messenger,
running footman. The siyh-gosh, or black-ear, which con
stantly attends upon the lion, and is therefore called his runningc
footman. A measure of four parasangs or sixteen English miles.
Bread covered with water. *2) J- Post-horses, relays of
horses. *::" 3 J-
Travelling by post. *2) -\e A
postmaster. P & 53 U- z
A. messenger of good news.
A & , The moon. The planet Saturn..
P J buridagn, (pl. of ** A buridah) Cut, circumcised.
r w bar:dan, To send a messenger. Buridan or burri
dan, To cut, to sever. To circumcise.
r s baridah, A narrow pass. A ferry, a ford.
P s buridah, Cut, s dum-buridah, Docked.
P e.9 s buridah-sabn, Tongue-tied, mute.
A 2A barir, The fruit of the tree ) ark.
A.V. Z. Al burayra, Name of a place.
A 522 Barrat, A woman's name.
rjj bird: birz, Overcome; submitting, yielding.
rejy' birzan, A sieve, a strainer. An oven. Galbanum.
P & 2 birzah, A kind of gum, benzoin. A metallic cement,
solder. Any liniment rubbed on a wound.
p J-2 Barisal, Name of a certain wrestler. Name of the
governor or prefect of Yaman.
P J-A ba rismn, With a rope. 22. *-ye J-5 .e. : J
another's rope) Risk not your life at the instance of another,
rv barish, Confused. Birish, Dispersion.
2 M 2

-'"
268
A L barish, (A horse) having spots of a different colour
from the rest of his hair.
P barshim (equivalent to **2) abrshim), Silk.
c r barishawi, (IIagazntv.) The eve of the sabbath,
Easter, or any other festival, the preparation. (John xix. 31.)
A Jay baris, Leprous. A plant resembling cyprus.
A Jy." Al burayz, Name of a place near Damascus.
P A birgh, A bunch of grapes.
A CA barik (from JA), Flashing, dazzling. Lightning.
Splendour, brilliancy. Reverberation, reflection, Milk, into
which a little butter or other fat substance is poured.
A 42 barik, Blessed with abundance. Plenteous. A kind
of dish made with fresh dates and butter.
A *2 barim, Formed of two or more things twisted together
(especially of black and white or brown hair). A wreath, made
in general of white and red threads twisted together, and often
adorned with jewels, which the women fasten about their waists
or their arms. A kind of amulet or charm hung round a child,
as a preservative against fascinating or malignant eyes. An
army (from the different coloured ensigns). Aurora, the dawn
(from the various tints of the clouds). Part of the liver and of
the bunch of a camel, which are cut into oblong slices, strung
upon a thread, and dressed together (being so called from the
the difference of their colours, the first being black, and the other
white). Flocks of two kinds of cattle (as sheep and goats, camels
and oxen). A miscellaneous assembly, a crowd, a mob. A
balance. Buraym, Name of a valley. Jy." al albarmani,
The heart and bunch of a camel. Victuals without flesh.
A&A barmat, An auger, a gimblet. A surgeon's trepan.
Pc2 bar in (for J'A), On, or upon, this. Barn, High,
sublime, eminent (in situation, quality, or dignity). Superior,
supreme. Perpetual, eternal. Pleasant, agreeable. Excellence
of any thing, the principal part. The Zephyr. A notch, a fissure.
Name of a fire-temple. c * paya-i barin, The highest
step. e., t charkh-i barin, The heavens, the celestial
sphere. Jj , 29, irdaics-i barin (or Jj As khuld-i
barin), Paradise above, eternal, delightful. Exalted in dignity.
Birin, Fetid water. A sink. Burun, A slice of a melon.
A zc barrayni, (dual of 2 barr) The provinces adjacent to
the White and Black Seas (the Mediterranean and Euxine).
ru burinash, A scissure. A flux, a diarrhoea.
rj bar in kadar, Moreover, nevertheless.
P &A bar in keh, To wit; widelicet.
P & 2 burinah, A hole, an orifice. The mouth of a furnace.
Pe baryun, The parts round the mouth. Bariwan, A
ring-worm.
r; bas, A habit, a rich dress. Fine linen. A bull's dewlap.
High ground. A hill. Manner, custom. (for e; bazm), A feast.
Biz, A wasp. Buz, A she-goat, the goat species.
#A 3 bazza, (fut, j, Jabuzzu) He seized forcibly.
_
A} bazz (from 3 bazza), Seizing, carrying away. Fine linen.
A rich garment. Arms, armour.
*A); baz (for 23 bazawa), (fut. 25- yabzi), He equalled.
A} baza', A protuberance of the breast, with a hollow back.
A hump-back.
A 3); buzat, (pl. of ~55% bas?) Kites. (met.) Soldiers.
A zy. bisai, (in of l Boasting. Contending with.
PJ-y bazakhtan, To melt, to liquify. To clean.
A<}. Burakhah, Name of a well.
P***". A e; ba sad bar amadah, An old woman.
P basadi, Aberyl, a stone of a sea-green colour.
Pc busarzdan, To melt, to liquify.
*}} basas (orj); pajaj), A shoe-latchet, a leathern thong.
t
Busz, A carpenter or shoe-maker's wedge.
Aj} bassas, A dealer in cloths, or linens. A general mer
chant, a trader, a shop-keeper. An inn-keeper.
re-j} bassasistan, A market-place.
|
A 8% busia, A young man. A clever servant.
| A &=} basical (from #2), Being polished, well-bred (a young
man). Possessing good abilities.
A : bisagh, A furbishing instrument.
A <} Basghah, Name of an agreeable place near Aleppo.
A J} Ousak, Spittle.
P e; basin, Leaping. (for e5, wazan), Blowing.
A c bisan, (111 of ej not in use) Bringing.
P &; basanah, Blowing (wind).
A ' basawa, Hump-backed (woman).
Pe burdyan?dan, To assist a woman in labour.
rj\}. basbas, The cover of nutmeg, mace. An active lad.
A }} "ashasat (from 2; 9), Walking fast.
A } biszat. A rich dress, presented by a prince or great man.
as a mark of honour. Arms, armour. A form or figure.
A g bas (from g), Boasting, contending for pre-eminence.
Irritating (one against another).
P <!--> bas-jmah (or & c-2 bar-jmah), A rich dress.
P & bushamid (and ex, buz-khd), A she-goat.
A 2 basakh, A protuberant breast and a hollow back.
A baskha, Protuberant-breasted, hollow-backed (woman).
P basdagh, bi-dgh, or buzdgh, A file.
p e-'9% bisdayidan (or e ba'sudadan), To furbish.
A $9; Basdat, Name of a village.
P J bus-dil, (Having a heart like a goat) a coward.
Pj barr, Light, splendour. A ray, a flame.
A_j basr or basir, Lint or pot-herb seed. Seed. Offspring.
Smivel. J. Henbane-seed. Bazr, (from_j), Beating.
PVA basra, (in ancient Persian) Seed, grain.
A z_j} busurj, (Persian < buzurg) Great, grand.
Py Buzurjumhur, (properly Buzurj-mihr) Name of
the prime-minister of Nshirwn King of Persia.
 c 269
p&\-y; bazir-khanah, An oil-mill.
*\}_j. bazir-katuna, Fleavort; also its seed.
e -95, bazrak, A small seed. (or 92 bazrkar), Lint-seed.
* =9A buzurg, Great, large, immense. Powerful, grand,
magnificent. Adult, elder. A saint. A note in music.
p *" Buzurg-mid, Name of a sage, tutor to Parvez
the son of Nshirwn.
buzurgn, (pl. of ~02 buzurg) Grandees, nobles.
Doctors, wise men, philosophers.
P s buzurgnah, Magnificent, grand. Magnificently.
j' 49; buzurgnah-wz, A loud voice. In a high key.
buzurgtar, Greater, larger, bigger.
P3. busir-gar, A farmer, a ploughman, a sower.
buzurg-zdah, Of a noble race.
J92 buzurg-sal, Old, aged, stricken in years.
P
r) 9; buzurg-war, Great, excellent. Powerful, magnifi
cent. Noble, illustrious. A learned man, doctor, philosopher.
(This word is applied only to man; < buzurg above, being
used indiscriminately to express, as well inanimate substances as
animate beings; as s sang-i busurg, A large stone).
**'. j buzurg-wari, Grandeur, greatness, magnificence.
Honour, glory. Highness, nobility.
Puj buzurg, Grandeur, greatness.
basir-war or bazar-war, Employed. Full of seed.
A j, Burrah, Name of a place.
re baristn, A market-place or square.
P & busisk, A lentil.
*9 bizashik or bi-shik, A physician. A horse-doctor.
"J". J bi:ishk; namizdan, To profess physic.
P *} busashm, Goat's hair of a fine sort.
A & 2 base (from &A), Being augmented. Increasing.
A bargh (from & 2), Bleeding, breathing a vein.
P & 2 bazagh, A frog. A dam, a pond, or any piece of water
confined by dikes or mounds. Water-lentils, or any herbage
that vegetates in water, amongst which the frogs live.
*A busghlah, A kid. A calf. A wolf. --K's J
busghl-i ulak, The sign Aries.
P - bazaghsamah (or *} bazghamah), A water-lentil.
p v Buzghush, Name of a saint.
p * ba:gham, A species of thorny tree, the acacia.
p & busghunj, The pistachio-tree. The pistachio-nut.
P & barghah, A kind of lizard. Burghah, A support for a
vine. A pruning-hook.
"J% basal (or J baskal), A rose-worm.
**}, basand, Idle, lazy, sluggish. Weak, impotent.
PJ), bazak, A frog. Name of a herb.
A.J. bazak or back, (from J}) Spitting, spawling.
***; bus-kadam, Timid. A coward. Abject, mean.
**% bazak, back, or buzk, The scolopendrion, a centiped.
_2}}
A milleped. A rose-worm. A cricket. An insect called the
camelulus. A kind of cantharides, or Spanish fly.
P J buz-i kh?, The mountain-goat. A doe.
A J basaka, Quickness of pace.
P & bus-galah, A flock of goats.
A J basl (from JA), Cleaving. Straining, purifying, rack
ing (wine). (for J&) Liberality. Heaviness, adversity. 2.
- J} > amrun zu bazlin, An important and unfortunate event.
Basil (or J5% bazil), (A camel) having the fore-teeth called
- nab projecting. Buzl or bussal, (pl. of J bazil above).
A } ba-la, Good thoughts. Wholesome advice, excellent
counsel. *} J nahhsun bi bazl-i, One who understands
and executes affairs of importance.
r & baslah (for a]3) A jest.
F basm, A banquet, entertainment, assembly, convivial
meeting. Society. A pavilion. Name of a city. Bizum, The
stump of a tail destitute of hair and feathers.
A. *} bazm (from ), Biting with the front-teeth. Milking
(a camel) with the fore-finger and thumb.
P ej Bazm-asin, Name of a lady.
P bazm-award, Viands carried home from a feast.
P ev basmyn, Name of Faridun's cow.
A &# basmat, (for &sj, wazmat) Eating only once a day.
p s basin-gah (or & bacm-gah), A banquetting-house.
A jovial company. **) *}, A& A most delight
ful place of entertainment. -- A& The field of elo
quence, a place for disputation, oratory, or conversation.
P &; 9 bazmnah, The second day of the month according to
the aera of Jalalud din.
r 5, 9 buz-my, Goat's hair.
r & bacmah, The corner of a banquetting-house.
rej basn, Injury. Basan or bazn, A harrow.
Pl basandar, (in ancient Persian) A window, a balcony.
L&l=} Bizantih, Byzantium, Constantinople.
p bazang, A bolt, a bar. A key.
A : 5. basic, An equilibrium, a balance.
A basic, Protuberant-breasted, hollow-backed (woman).
A "" Al bazw, Name of certain high land in Arabia.
A. Basicn, A man's name. Basawn, An assault, an
attack. Impetuosity.
P-525' ba siadi, With speed.Quickly, expeditiously.
P_2} ba sr or ba zr, By force, forcibly.
A_j busir, (pl. of j barr) Herb-seeds. Seeds, sperms.
A +5) busi, A green-grocer.
P Lj bus-wash, Goatish, goat-like, like a goat.
P buz-washm (for *} bus-pashm), Goat's hair.
P & 23 buzawshah, The plantane-tree.
P #23 busingh, The rising of the sun, moon, or stars.
A *::: buzugh (from {j}), Breaking (day). Cutting (a tooth).
 C** 270
A J buzul (from J}). Having a fore or side-tooth project
ing from the gums (a camel). Cleaving.
A bacum. See bazim.
r & j, baznah, (in ancient Persian) The knee.
r; bazah, A sin, a crime. Disappointed, frustrated, poor.
Injustice, oppression. Criminal. Bizah, Fire-wood, touch-wood.
Sweet-cane. Arms. Buzah, The sign Capricorn. Unequal
ground. Odoriferous fruit.
rus; buzhish, Opposition. Comparison, collation.
basah-gr (or x. 5; basah-mand), A sinner.
A t bazj, One who returns benefits, grateful.
r & busiehah, A kid. A butcher's block.
re basidan (for Jj, waxidan), To blow as the wind.
Busidan, To tickle with the fingers. To pull off hair or wool.
r sft basidah, (for sj wasidal) Blown (as the wind).
P23 bazir, Downwards. Jel Jj ba zzr amadan, To
descend. e.9% U5- --~~ t 2}. To be pensive and de
jected. JA: ba zir giritan, To detract, take down. 23.
e" e ba zir-i nigin awardan, To bring under subjection.
Jj bazrshn, People of the same religion.
P
p &j. bazishah, Sesame-flour. The dregs of sesame-oil.
A sj bart, Ingenious, intelligent (youth). Eloquent.
Shameless, impudent (youth or servant).
A *} Buzayghlyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A *} bazim, Any kind of thread, or wire, upon which pearls,
&c. are strung, for necklaces, or bracelets. A bundle or hand
ful of pot-herbs. The remains of provisions after a meal. A
shoot of a female palm-tree, which being split, and the flowers
of the male sprinkled into it, is again closed up, and bound round
with a palm-leaf.
Pe basin, Blowing. Name of a fire-temple in Nishabr.
Pe buzyun, A kind of fine silk. Brocade.
r;+ baj, Snow, sleet. A hill. A heap.
r & # bajuj, Invention, the discovery of something new.
p bajarni, Magnificence, majesty.
P *9,- bajghurdah, A rolling-pin. A kind of thorny plant.
p bajkam, Keeping back, preventing.
p J- bajkul, Strong, robust. Patient. Laborious.
P *} bajm, Dew,
rej; bujmajah, A species of the Lybian lizard.
Pe:- bajan, Mud at the bottom of a well.
P *:- bajand, Name of a herb used in cookery.
F bajandi, Disappointment. Poverty, misery.
P <&;- bajang, A key.
p Jj bajwal, An echo.
P bajj, An invention, a new discovery.
p e- bujhn, Strong desire, without envy.
r 25- bajir, A wing, a feather. Wool.
* J- bas, Only. Enough, it is sufficient! no more! A great
-
number, many, more. Very much, greatly. Yes, indeed, cer.
tainly, it is s, very true, surely, undoubtedly, unquestionably.
J) ** U To break a promise. e-->} U To retire into
solitude. Bus, A spit. (for U-2 bus) A kiss, a buss.
* A U. bassa, (fut, U- 9abussu) He propelled gently.
A U- bass (from U- bassa), Driving (a camel) gently.
Moistening. Anointing. Mixing (especially meal or flour and
butter with toasted wheat). Preparing a kind of dish made with
barley, called &-- basisat. Sending into different parts (mo
ney, merchandize, or spies). Working. A gentle stimulative. .
Bass, biss, or buss, The noise by which they call sheep.
A U- bas-a (from -), Becoming habituated.
r basa, Many, some, something, somewhat, how many
soever. Name of a city in Persia. U- 3-2- chand chand
basa (or \- - basi bas), Many, in great numbers,
P <}} \- bas-busurg, Very great, very noble.
A v" basabis, (pl. of U-- basbas) Desert lands.
A c- basatin, (pl. of e- bustn) Gardens. re
: V U-3- Gardens beautiful and delighting the heart.
P z- basaj (or t- basakh), Depravity, wickedness.
r -o'-' basa-dast, Earnest-money.
AJ- bisar, (pl. of ,- busr) Rains newly fallen. Summer
rains, rainy seasons in India. Boys, young men. Youthful ages.
re-'- bisardadan or basardadan, (e.9 bisardan or
basardan), To plough, to break up fallow ground.
P *- basrdah, Watered ground. Bisrdah, Ploughed.
r A basii-rb, Gleanings after harvest.
P '- basarah, A bench. A portico. A court.
rj- bisiz, A day. (imp. of ex-- skhtan), Do thou.
P U-- basas, Length. -
Ak- basat, Extensive (tract of country). A wide plain, an
open country. Bist, A bed, covering, carpet, cushion, or any
thing spread upon the ground for sitting, reclining, or sleep
ing. (111 of a-) Laying aside modesty. (pl. ofla- bi
tat) Camels left with their sucking-colts. P e "s. A- The
earth. J-9 3) e--- 9- To fall prostrate. To lie on the
bare ground. A g A-\- A chequered carpet for the game
of chess. & *- The terrestrial globe. J e; A
The surface of the globe, the whole world, the universe. A
J A carpet curiously cut out and wrought.
a J- bisati, A pedlar, a toyman.
A J busak, Spittle, saliva when spit out (whilst in the
mouth it is called Cy rik).
r basik, A garland of flowers.
a J- basal (from J-), Being strong, strenuous, powerful.
Bisl, (111 of J-) Surrounding (an enemy). A hero.
A l- basiilat, (from J-) Being brave, valiant. Walour.
re; &\- basalah kardan, To rub, to bray.
A ** bassm, One who smiles very much. A proper naille.
 Q--* <) 71
* _-

rev- ba samn, Good, just, upright (man). A pledge.
+ J- basin, Like, resembling.
r- basanij, A kind of herb.
re" basanidan, To water, to irrigate.
Aaj- bas-it, (pl. of |a- basit) Simple, uncompounded,
elementary. Large open places, fields, plains. Surfaces.
*J-- basbas, Wain, unmeaning conversation.
A L-- basbas, The herb fennel.
AV-A- basbs, Wild rue.
A 4-A- basbsah, Mace, the envelope of the nutmeg.
P -- basabab, For that reason, therefore.
AL- basbas, A desert, uncultivated ground. Trifling
amusement. Foolish words.
a -- bashasat, (from U- Q) Calling (camels).
Ala- Busbut, Name of a place.
P *- bas-pyah, Polypody (a herb).
a -- bast, A kind of running pace.
r bast, He bound or connected. A lover, a sweetheart,
one in whom the heart is bound up. A turban, a wreath for the
head. A bank, a rampart. A mountain. Distribution of water
into canals, ditches, or drains. Bist, Twenty. Bust, Name of
a country and of a fortress. A rose-garden. A button, a knot.
r- basti, A cloth in which a bundle is tied up.
P t- bustakh, Impudent, forward, rash.
pj- bistar, Inconstant. Weak. Fresh water.
P '- bistam, Coral.
re- basiln, (imper. of ex~ sitndan) Take. Buy.
Bistan (for c- pistn), A breast, a nipple. Bustn, Agar
den for flowers or herbs, (a fruit-garden being expressed by &\
high). In pure Persian it implies a fragrant delightful place.
Aw- Bustn, Name of a village near Wsit.
rj," e- bustn-afros, Inflaming the garden (an epithet
applied to the anemone, the purple amaranth, and other flowers).
*}: J- bustn-pr, A gardener. A vine-dresser.
p r- J- bustn-sary, A palace-garden, a royal garden.
"cr J- bustn-shirin, Name of a mote in music.
*3- bustni, Belonging to a garden. A gardener.
**- basticand, Hillocks. High uneven ground.
"- bastaj (bustij, or t- bastakh), Frankincense. The
dust of frankincense. Name of a tree growing in the desert.
*R- bistar, A bed, mattress, bolster, pillow, cushion. J.
y;--> Le A-. Upon the bed of ease and pleasure. R
J* Fire. J 2-, bistar shudan, To be abed, to lie down. stern awful countenance. Cold water. The beginning of any
thing. Busr, Unripe dates full grown, and beginning to ripen.
*&s P- bistar-hang, Fine linen. A coverlet, a sheet. Herbs nearly of full growth. Fresh rain just fallen. A young
Pe-, bistardan, To dig. To obliterate. To clean. man, a youth. Name of a place. Busur, (pl. of 3- busrat, q.v.).
*A- bistart, A camel left at liberty with her colt.
* > basar, At or to the head, end, point, or extremity; as
*-, busturm, An eruption on the body.
*u-j- bistar-nishin, Sitting or lying on a bed.
*J- bastak, A servant, a minister, an attendant.
A e- bastakn, A gardener. A keeper of a vineyard, one
who watches sown fields to keep them from accidental injury.
* 1:3-2 bastak, A large China-vase. A churming-stick. A
spoon. Bustak, Frankincense.
P J- bastagi, The being bound. Tightness, stricture,
fastness. A band, a swathe. A stammering, stuttering, impedi
ment in the speech. J; * bastagi-i bawl, The strangury.
r bistum, The twentieth.
r c- bastan, Tobind, to shut up.
* Q- bastan?, A cloth forbinding together bundles of paper,
books, inkstands, &c.
r;-- basti (or 453- bastakah), A small wine-jar, tankard,
or jug. A plate. A churning-stick. The collar-bone.
P & 2 G- bast o band, Making firm. Controul.
p :- bistiah, Sad, melancholy, afflicted.
P& bastah, Bound, obliged, tied, fastened, chained. Closed,
shut, locked, barred, bolted. Stopped up, obstructed, blocked
up. Fixed, established, determined, concluded. Benumbed.
Bewitched. Planted, driven in. Coloured silk stretched on a
frame to be embroidered. A poem consisting of four verses. A
|
note in music. C. &- To be bound. J &- Tobind.
| c- &- To be made prisoner, taken captive,bound in
ehains. 4- c, <!-- Bound hand and neck, 4-
Jakh-bastah, Ice-bound, frozen, congealed.
* ~ 4-3 bastah-rahm, Barren.
P &- bastah-zabn, Tongue-tied, stammering, maffling.
Pu- busti, A gardener. Gardening. Relating to a garden.
* Jy **- bastitj-i rm, Name of a creeping plant.
1. J&s- baskhandan, To cause a fermentation (with yeast).
r x-y cs- basakhun rasid, A reasonable man.
P 4-3- U- bas-khstah, Much sought after, beloved.
PA A- busd. A flower-garden. Basad, Small pearls. A
reddish colour. Busadd, Coral and its root.
r 3- basadk, A handful of wheat or barley in the straw.
Basidk, The herb melilot.
r c- basadin, Composed of pearls.
A 2- basr, (from J-) Doing or asking (any thing) prema
turely or improperly. Sprinkling before the proper time the
female palm-tree with the flowers of the male. Laying bare the
scar of an unhealed wound. Expressing the juice from ripe dates,
amongst which unripe ones are mixed. Emptying the churn
before the butter has been made. Looking austere. Having al
Jel J- basar amadan, To come to an end; to be finished.
To die. eye, 2- basar burdan, To bear or carry to an end,
To finish, accomplish. To grieve. To kill,

~
A busrat, One single unripe date. The sun just rising.
Small glass beads and other similar ornaments with which the
poorer people decorate themselves.
P ---> ba sar o chashm, Willingly, cheerfully.
r ex- basarun, The hips, the buttocks.
P \r- bisriya, (in ancient Persian) Meat, flesh.
A U- busus, (She-camels) gentle and easily milked. Barley
flour (after being soaked one night in water, and then fried)
rubbed, shaken, and mixed together.
*A*- basata, (fut. a-, yabsutu) He stretched out.
Ala- bast, (from a-) Stretching out. Spreading abroad.
Enlarging, widening. Displaying (a cheerfulness of face). Re
ceiving (an apology). A she-camel left with her sucking colt.
re- To expand. J c- A- To expand the wings.
A Bust or bist, Open, expanded hand. A she-camel left with her
sucking colt. Bust, (pl. of E. bisat or *:- busitt) Carpets
or any things spread upon the ground (for sitting or sleeping).
A *- Bistm, Name of a man. Name of a city.
A&la- bastat or bustat, Excellence. Extensive acquirements.
Tallness, fulness of stature. Bistat, A she-camel left with her
young colt, to suck at discretion. Basatat, (from a-) Being
broad and long. Being roomy (a bed). Being finished, com
plete. Laying aside modesty. Amplitude. Simplicity, cheer
fulness.
r basagh, A cupola, a high apartment surrounded with
windows, for the advantage of prospect and air.
P 3.xx basaghdah, Ready, prepared. Accomplishing.
p J-MA- basaghdadan, To be finished, arranged, prepared.
A g basataj (or c- basayaj), Polypody.
A C- bask, (from C-) Spitting, emitting saliva.
G Cr- biskopos, ('Exaxo~0.) A bishop.
r - bask, A handful of wheat in the ear. Yawning.
Basak (or c- basag), Melilot. Basuk, An epitome of the
Gospels. Busuk, Cotton-twist.
p J*- biskilldan, To tickle, to titillate. To embrace.
P -- bas-gy, Talkative, prating, verbose.
*AL-3 basula, (fut. J-, yabsulu) He was valiant.
A J- basl, Unlawful, illicit, illegal. Busul, Brave men.
p U- basal, Millet. The heel.
re- baslnidan, To drag forcibly. To break.
A 1.. buslat, The hire of those who take serpents by singing.
rl- baslah, A pea, pease.
A i basm, A simile, a simper. -- bismi (for --9 bi is mi),
In the name of all - bismi'llahi, In the name of God (an
ejaculation frequently used by Muhammadans, especially when
going to commence any thing). At the beginning of the sras
or chapters of the Kurn, and indeed prefixed to almost every
Arabic, Persian, or Turkish book, is the following line *
~~).c/ 4|| Bismi'llahi'r rahmni'r rahimi, In the name
272 3-2
-
of God the compassionate, the merciful (often extending the
connecting stroke between and U to an uncommon length;
and sometimes adding J-j & 2 wa bihi nastatin, Whose aid
we implore). This verse they frequently preface with another
of the same rhyme. --" Ja cr &\ S natuzu bi'llahi
min ash shaytanir rajim, Let us fly to God from the execrable
devil! J- subhn allah, Blessed be God! 4! as a
All"
hamdu l'illah, Praise be to God! all) ~ bismi'llah, In the
name of God; 4) A & l itaha illu'llah, There is no god but
God. J a" allahu akbar, God is great.
p Ja- bismil, Sacrificed, slaughtered. Half-killed. Meek,
forbearing. J J4- To sacrifice, to slaughter. (Bismil
is contracted from bismillah, and is used in this sense, because,
when they kill an animal, they always say, or ought to say, bis
millah, in the name of God).
A *- basmalat (from Ja- Q), Pronouncing the sentence,
bismi'llah, In the name of God.
P * bismil-gh, A slaughter-house, a butchery.
p &^- basmah (for 44-2 wasmah), A collyrium, tincture, or
medicine for the eyes.A gold or gilded thread.
A c- basn, Handsome, beautiful.
P J.-- Basnas, Name of a certain learned man, or prince.
P t- bisanj. A pimple, a scar.
p c-si- basanjdan, To draw a curtain, to hide or conceal
from view. To prepare, to make ready.
p east basanakhdan, To ferment, to leaven.
P & basand, Advantage, benefit. Sufficient, worthy.
p :- basandah, Satisfied. Sufficient, complete. Worthy.
P - basank, A young, unbroke, unmanageable horse.
Name of a book taken from the gospel. Busank, Name of a
fabulous mountain, where only doves are said to live, who explain
the intentions and wishes of such as approach it.
re- bisang, The herb melilot. A palm-tree.
re-" - - ba sang amadan, To be weak, or broken.
P& basnah, An unbroke horse. A bullock, a steer.
A 3-8 basi-a, Tame, gentle (a she-camel when milking).
p :- basiltah or bisatah, A curl, a lock of hair.
reje;- busiidan, To handle, feel, touch, seize. To bore.
To repel, thrust back. To throw from the hand. To abolish,
erase, remove. To swallow, ingulph. To mix, mingle.
P 3-3- busiidah, Felt with the hand. Touched or handled.
AJ3- basar, Sharp, sour, crabbed. Grim, stern. A lion.
Busir (from_-), Having a stern, crabbed look.
P_3- busir (or j :- pus ur), Malediction, imprecation.
re--, busiridan, To curse, to execrate.
A U-2- basis, A she-camel, whose milk comes with difficulty
from her, making in the pail the sound bissi bissi The name of
an Arabian woman, from whom originated a war, called from
her name U-5- -2,- harb-i basis (which has since become *

Cs
--
2
proverb to express, Great events from little causes); two Ara
bian tribes having fought above forty years, because a camel
belonging to this woman broke a hen's egg : the owner of the
egg wounded the camel with an arrow; an arrow pierced him.
in return; and the tribes were instantly in arms. U-5-4 cr u."
ash-an min basis, More disastrous than Basus.
A%3- busit, A she-camel permitted to pasture at large with
her colt. (pl. of a- bast) Distances.
A 5- basik, A sheep with a long udder. (from G-3) Being
tall (a palm-tree). Being superior to one's fellows.
A J:- busill, (from J-3) Being strenuous, bold.
"J- busill, A curse, an imprecation.
t.
p c- busulidan (or e- pusillidan), To curse.
# 9- baswah, Aland-measure, the twentieth part of a bigah.
r - ba suici, Towards. Against.
r 3- basah, The herb melilot.
* basi, Many, more and more. Enough. Whatever.
p basy, (in ancient Persian) Wine.
ry- bisyr, Many, much. Numerous. Frequent. Co
pious. Multitude. Very. e- To be numerous. J
J. To be multiplied. c- To multiply, to increase.
* ------ bisyr-khasp, Drowsy, lethargic.
y p e'- bisyr-dn, Learned. A kind of pomegranate.
r &ly- bisyr-dnah, A species of wild pulse.
*j- bisyr-g, Talkative, verbose.
p'- bisyari, Abundance, plenty. A multitude.
*- basij, Arms, armour. Apparatus for a journey. Pur
pose, design, enterprise. Finished, prepared.
*** - basijandah, Preparing, arming for war.
rej- basijidan (or c-s" baschidan), To arm. To
prepare for. To finish, to complete. To manage.
P- basijidah, Prepared, arranged, disposed.
*** - basichandah, Preparing (for a journey or for war).
Apll 3- bi sayyidi'l anam, By the prince of men (Mu
hammad).
A*- basisat, Flour of wheat or barley toasted or fried, with
butter or oil, and honey.
Ala-basit, Expanded, spread. Extended, level. Ample, ca
Pacious, Superficial. Simple (in opposition to compound). Sin
gle. (in prosody) The metre Jebelx~~ mustafailun facilun
repeated eight times.
A * basitat, A simple thing. An extensive plain. Sur
face, superficies. A sun-dial. An astronomical quadrant. Bu
"ytal, Name of a place between Kfa and Madina.
*J- basil, Deformed, ugly, hideous.
**- basilat, The remains of wine left in a cup by another
Person, or after drinking over-night.
**- basilah, A kind of bean.
**- basin, (in ancient Persian) Well-flavoured.
A A. J
M3
A 2-1 basim, Smiling. Cheerful, jovial. Merry, buxom,
blithe. F - 2 e)-- khandn o basim, Of a joyous, open,
smiling countenance. J *- basim badan, To be cheerful.
P U-3 bash, A bandage. A hoop. A padlock. A watered
fi eld. Incomplete. Bush, A horse's mane. A fringe, a flounce.
A L bashsh (J U-b hash bash or L- bashsh), Glad,
cheerful. Agreeable, polite, humane.
*_\- bashar (or j- pashr), Scattered (money). Inter
woven with gold. Stamped silver (to specify its fineness).
Beaten (gold). A golden vase. Swathes for the feet. Agen
tle rubbing.
A )\ bashrat, Beauty, elegance of shape. Cheerfulness.
Bishrat or bushrat, Joyful tidings, happy news. re; <2\-
bishrat kardan, To announce good news. To preach the gospel.
* --- bushsb (for ---> bushsb), Sleep.
A U-- bashsh, Cheerful. Polished, courteous.
A -- bashshat (from Ut-), Being cheerful, smiling.
Jowiality, cheerfulness, openness of countenance.
A ** basht, The operation of meat, or any thing which
disagrees with the stomach or the mind.
A 3-t- bashzat (from S--), Having a bad flavour, being
bitter, unwholesome, or disagreeable (meat). Being austere,
sour, or morose. Abhorring, being indisposed with any thing.
Being narrow (channel too small for the body of water). Being
unequal to any business, sinking under it.
A t bashshk, A liar.
A -- bashm, Name of a fragrant shrub, growing near
Mecca, with the branches and tufts of which they clean the teeth.
P9,34 bushaward, Uneven ground.
Aj- basha-ir, (pl. of 3 bashirat) Bringers of good news.
A U-2- bashbash, Leaves of the colocynth.
p C., Bashbak, Name of a village in the dependency of re.
P c-- bashbayun or bashbiyun, Fat.
P J:- bishpl, Scattering. Scattered, dispersed.
P basht, A distribution of water into canals or drains,
P - Busht, Name of a village near Nishabr.
r -u- bi'shitb, (imp. of J-3- shitaftan) Hasten thou.
P C- bishtalam (or *** bishtam), A parasite.
r_<- bishtar or bashatr, The archangel Michael (who they
say has the distribution of riches to mankind). A cloud.
P}<! bushtar, Pimples, pustules; the thrush.
P *A* bashtaragh, Melilot. A herb with which they tinge
the body. Part of a cluster of grapes or dates.
P A- bushturk, A cup, a drinking-vessel.
P *A*- bushturam, A pimple, pustule. Small-pox, measles.
P- bashtarah, A thorny shrub. A dish composed of sesame
flour, and dates.
| p bushturi, Suffering from an eruption on the body.
* << bashtak, A plate. A quoit. Bashtuk, A glass,
P <<- bushtakak, A tumulus, a little hill.
2 N
 274
pJ bushjir (orAs bushjir), A mountain-tree, of which
they make bows, arrows, or javelins.
rej bashkhyidan, To tear with the nails.
P * bishakhsham, A sliding, a stumbling.
r se';** bashkhdah, Compressed, squeezed together. Made
level. Extended. A present.
Gratuitous.
p_\;=* bishkh'ar (or J}=- bishkhr), The remainder of
water in a vessel after drinking. A watering-place.
p ej bishkhudan, To tear with the nails.
P sex=- bishkhudah, Scratched. Enlarged. Ruined.
P ck- bashkhidan, To shine. To sprinkle. To steal.
*AJ- bashara, (fut. ,<r, yabshuru) He brought joyful news.
Aj bashr (or 25- bushr), (from j) Diffusing gladness.
Relating news in general, good or bad. Rejoicing at good news.
Meeting, receiving, looking at one with a smiling countenance.
Taking, handling, touching, on the outside (the skin). Shaving,
scraping. Feeding upon the fields (locusts). Having commerce
(with a woman). Bishr, An openness of countenance, demon
strative of happiness and joy. Name of a well in Arabia, and
of a mountain in Diyr-bakr (Mesopotamia).
AJ- bashar, The skin, the cuticle. Man, mankind; mortals,
the human race. A-" 3. abu'l bashar, The father of mankind,
Adam. J- 2) abu bashar, Sweetmeats, the dessert at a feast.
p_- ba sharr, Maliciously, malevolently, malignantly. w
,- s- bi khayr o ba sharr, Worthless and malignant.
A 3,4- basharat, The skin, the cuticle, or outward skin (the
interior being called &ce) adamah). The outside, exterior face.
The surface of the ground covered with herbage.
p as J ** ba shart-i n keh, On condition that.
A *A-" Al bashrd, Name of a town in Egypt.
A s, bushra', Joyful news. The Gospel. Ja r
bushra'l injl, The publication of the gospel.
A s- bashary, Human. 5,34 ~3 utf-i bashary, Hu
man weakness. 5,3- Jie tukul-i bashary, Human intellect.
A c-- bashariyat (or -- **), Human nature.
Pe-t bishistan, To sit down. Bishu.stan, To wash.
*A U.S. bashisha, (fut. Ut yabshashu) He was cheerful.
A ** bashit (or 8- bashit), Having a bad smell. Stink
ing-breathed. Disagreeable (in morals, manners, or person).
A 8-- bashgh (or &:- bashghat), Small rain.
P- bashgharah, Made, formed, finished.
A G- bashk (from G), Striking (with a stick). Looking
intently. Tarrying (a traveller, either on account of heavy rains,
weariness, or inability to proceed). Taking no prey (a hawk).
P 5: bushkb, A large dish.
P * bashk, Amorous blandishment. Lightning. Dew.
Hail. A curtain hung before a door. Name of a tree. (for
45 A&W), It may be that. Bushk, Curly hair. The forelocks.
A c- bashk (from 3-), Lying. Sewing slightly.
c-
r t bashak, A lot which is cast. Bashik, Dung (round,
as of a sheep). Bashk, A lot. Bishk, Sleet, hoar-frost.
Pj- bashkr, A walk. Recreation. Agriculture.
P e-- bishkastan, To break. To extinguish.
P ** bashkam, A summer-house. A balcony. A bench.
P g- bashkanj or pashkanj, The arm. The left hand.
r & bashkanah, The stocks. Bishkunah, Tooth of a saw.
P *X- bishkafah, A flower. A vomit.
P JK- bishkul, Swift, expeditious.
P J- bashkldan, To set eagerly about a thing.
rej bashkin, Nimble, active, notable.
P *:::- bishknah, A flower. Frequent vomiting.
P *** bishkuh, Magnificence, majesty.
A J- bashka', Fast-going (she-camel).
P S- bishgard, A hunter, a fowler. The chace, game.
P <- Bushgang, Name of a strong fortress in Hindustn,
r- bashgir, A towel.
p J- bashal (or A- bashalad) Suspended, pendulous.
r x- bishilad, Any thing suspended, pendulous.
P & 1-, bishilshakah, The herb gentian, bitter-wort.
r = <!-- Bishlang, Name of a citadel in Hindstn.
P Cl- bashill, Suspension.
P J*- bashlidan, To explore, examine, touch, feel, handle.
To wash. Bushldan, To incline. To cause to adhere.
P ** bashm, Hoar-frost. Dew. A heretic. A man of no
religion. Name of a place. Basham, Trouble, weariness.
Weary, disgusted. Of a weak digestion. UA: -- bushain
shudan, To be scattered here and there.
A c- basham, An indisposition arising from indigestion.
r ba shum, To you.
A*- bishmt, Biscuit, bread baked twice.
P J*- bashmak, A shoe, a sandal, a slipper.
* 5-- bashamtazah, The loins, the vertebr of the back.
P 2'- bashmakh, A form of invocation.
P &- bashmah, Undressed leather.
re- bashn, Stature, height. The body. The head. A root.
A side. Name of a place.
A 3-, bishnat, A species of millet.
P - bashanj, A freckle, or spot on the face or hands. Le
prosy, morphew, spots of a dark reddish hue, which wounen have
sometimes when pregnant. A sprinkling, bedeving; small
drops with which any thing is sprinkled. An instrument used by
weavers. A furrow. Bishinj, Business, study,
A wrinkle.
endeavour. A traveller's equipage, apparatus, and prov1810ilS.
P*-i- bishanjah, Weavers' glue ; also the glue-brush.
P*}~ bushnajah, Paste made of meal and syrup of dates.
P}~ bashniz (or s}~ bashnizah), The plant southern-wood.
A cr- bashnin, The Egyptian Lot-tree, the root of which
they call e bayarun.
 _*
re bashtan, Of bad principles. Bushittan, An ape.
Name of the son of Kishtsb, and brother to Asfandiyr.
rt-, bushdan, To wash. To be bad-tempered.
Aj bushr (from A^+), See J- bashr.
r c- bashrintan, (in anc. Pers.) To worship, to adore.
rej bishridan, To curse. To be disturbed.
* J bishl, Active, skilful, intelligent.
re bushlnidan, To cause to move to and fro. To
agitate, to shake. To excite.
P v- bishlish, Perturbation, affliction, Performance,
execution. Knowledge. Sight.
c- bushulidan, To move to and fro, to shake, to wa
wer. To know. To hear. To see. To desire, wish. To be
dispersed, or disturbed. To lose at play. To execute.
**t bushlidah, Seen, known. Expert, skilled in busi
ness. Disturbed, confused.
#A basha', (fut. yabsha') He was good-natured.
p ** bashij, Equal. Death, destruction.
AJ- bashir, A messenger of good news. Beautiful.
Pr- bashiz, A leathern water-bottle.
A s bashit, Stinking-breathed. Offensive, displeasing.
A*- (2%) atwr-i) bashiat, Wicked, shameful actions.
p <- bashik, Peculiarity. Bushik, Sheep's dung.
P&- bashimah, An undressed hide.
*c bishin, Essence, existence.
* c- bashyun, Fat.
Ajka. bisr, (iii of ra) Looking down from an eminence. thick (man or cloth).
Striving to get a sight of.
A sla basiirat (from ra), Seeing, perceiving.
A .a basssat, The eye.
AJ'a busak, Spittle, saliva when spit out (whilst in the
mouth it is called G). A species of the palm-tree. A superior
kind of camel. Name of a place near Mecca. 2:) Ja. The Intelligent. A dog. Pea, basir shudan, To look at.
selenites, or moon-stone in Arabia (having a number of shining
while spots, which increase and decrease with the moon).
Ajla basi-ir (pl. of r a basirat) Attentions, pains.
*Jel a basbs, Indefatigable (camel). Swift.
A*- basbasat, (from va...a q) Shining. Reflecting (light).
Fawning, flattering, caressing. Wagging the tail (a dog).
Aa bast, A kind of swinging gait.
*re basr (from ra), Seeing, beholding. Sewing together
"o Pieces of leather. Bisr, Whitish stones. Loamy soil.
The city of Basrah. Busr, A side, a border, a margin. Thick
** An interval. A whitish stone. Basar, Seeing, discern
ing. The sight, vision. The eye. Understanding, mind, ca
ply. Knowledge, science, c-a, ra, basar-i bi ha
*ral, An eye without vision, a mind without foresight, keeping
abad look out.
Aya busar, (pl. of, a basir) Clear-sighted. Intelligent.
275 - \*
A 3ra. basrat, Whitish stones. A kind of gross earth, out of
which they dig stones. The city of Basrah or Bassora (as si
tuated on such ground).
A zera." At basratani, Basrah and Ka, seats of learning.
A Ju 5, a basrah ball, Manna.
A &- Busra', Name of a city in Syria. (Is. lxiii. 1.) Name
of a village near Baghdd.
A 2-a bast, A camel left with her colt.
*A*-a basata, (fut. tar yabsatu) He collected,
A t-a! base, A kind of thick linen cloth, through which water
will hardly penetrate. Bist. A part of the night, the beginning
of the night. Bust, (pl. of te." absat) All, universal. Fool
ish (men). (pl. of *a basic) Sweatings, emanations of sweat.
A \-a: bast, (fem. of sa." absat) All, universal. Foolish.
A C- bask (from G-2), Spitting. Milking a teeming ewe.
A a baskat, The higher street of a city.
A J-a, basal, An onion. The bulbous root of the lily, tulip,
onion, or garlic. An iron helmet. -) Ja. (or 2) J.e.)
Bulbus esculentus. Ja') Ja (or jl) J-a!) A squill. J.a.
J Bulbus vomitorius.
" A = busm, An interval, distance between the extremities of
the ring and the little fingers; (as -c.c. tatab is the space be
tween the middle and ring-fingers; - ratab between the
middle and fore; 23 fitr between the index and thumb; n
shibr (a span) from the thumb to the little finger; and d
fawt the interval between any two). * * zu busmin, Gross,
A 3xa. (els," J. Lo m fr ramdi) baswatun, There is no
spark or live coal among the ashes.
A J, a basik, The cattle in the flock which give least milk.
A Ja (Uza-khassiv) bassiv, An eunuch.
A2-. basir, Seeing, perceiving. Discerning, penetrating.
A 5-a basirat, Sight. Foresight, prudence. Penetration,
judgment. Watchfulness, attention. Caution, circumspection,
carefulness. A sentence, an opinion. An evident or convincing
proof, a demonstration. A witness. Blood, indicative of a
wound inflicted. Signs of virginity. An admonition. A sub
ject of serious reflexiom. Anything firmly believed. A coat of
mail. A shield, a buckler. Whatever is comprehended within
the sides of a house. 3.-a, J (or 5a A-b) Prudent,
circumspect. Pra, ---- Eyes ofprudence. e ra!
To foresee. <2,a J Improvident.
A Jara, basis, Flashing, shining, bright. Lightning. Tremor.
*** > re-as- khasisuhum wa basisuhum, A number of them.
A t-a! basis, Flowing sweat.
A U43 bazz, Thin, fat and soft-skinned. White-bodied. An
inconsiderable present.
A J bizz, (pl. of Jyd; bazx) Wells or bottles nearly dry
2 N 2
 Wee 276 c
A 3.3-i bazzat (from U33), Having a thin and soft skin, A & 3"a bitkat, The pupil of the eye. A label affixed to a
and tender body. Buzzat, A little water. piece of cloth marking the price. A letter sent by a pigeon.
A ** bazt, An island. Bizt, (111 of S-4) Coition. A J* battal, Idle, lazy. Fruitless, empty, vain. Old, ob
A -- i. bizaat, A capital or stock in trade. A share in a solete, unfashionable, antiquated. Abolished, repealed, abro
mercantile adventure. Agency. &evi." J Having a small gated, suppressed. P J% Ja battl kardan, To abolish,
capital, a poor man. -vij Bi-r biztat, Name of a well. A --!"a batlat, (from Ja) Courage. Idleness.
A Ji Buzn, The fourth Arabian month, otherwise called A e bitan, A girth. A small ship. eMa." Ly Rich.
j *j Rabizul akhir. A &Wa bitnat, The lining of a garment. Bed-linens. A
t baz-it, (pl. of &=\4. bizatat) Sums invested in goods.
A sincere friend. Sincere friendship. Firmness, strength.
A JA-3 bazbz, Mushrooms, puffs, toad-stools. Azla, bat-ih, (pl. of 3~\la batihat) Low, gravelly lands.
Ari bazr, An excrescence, a caruncle. ric "yi. bizran A clla bat-ik, (pl. of 3.30a bitkat) Letters sent by pigeons.
A ej bat-in, (pl. of &a batinat) Linings (of couches).
mizran, (Blood was shed) with impunity, without retaliation or
revenge. A kla batbt, Shepherd's staff (a plant).
A 524. bazrat, In vain, unsuccessfully. A&lala batbatat, (from a la q) Cackling from fright.
A &la. battat, A single duck or goose.
A U43 bazaz, Little water.
A t-i baze, (from *-i) Cutting in pieces, cutting off a part. #: A * bataha, (fut. * yaotaku) He threw prostrate.
Cleaving. Bleeding, breathing a vein. Quenching thirst. (pl. A * batih (and ** bat-hat), Low-lying, gravelly grounds,
of &zi, bazaat) Parts, segments. Bazt or buzz, Genitale arvum.
Coition.
upon which, at certain seasons, the waters descend from the
Bize. A part. A small number of people (from three
higher countries, though dry best part of the year. Many years.
to ten, or from twelve to twenty). Busat, Name of a place. Als bat-ha, A low-lying, gravelly ground. Any large
A 4-i baztat or bizaat. A part, a section, a piece.
A 4-i Buzannat, Name of a village. open place for exercises, a horse-course, a race-ground. Name
of a place near Mecca.
A Ji bazz, (A well or bottle) containing little water.
A &xi; bazuzat, (from U4, bazza) Being thin-skinned.
A els Batihn, Name of a swampy valley near Madina.
A & :- buza (from 8-3), Loathing, becoming tired of A ** bat-hat, The stature of a man. But-hat, Nature, state.
A %i. bazuk, A sharp sword. AA (from Aa) Dividing, splitting, cleaving, bursting
batr,
A U4-3 baziz (from L, bazza), Flowing slowly, and in a (an imposthume). Batar, (from Aa) Exulting, being insolent
small quantity (water). Hence the proverb , s Lir, L. ma with joy, petulant, inconsiderate, ungrateful to the Supreme
yabizzu hajarahu, His stone does not sweat; there is no water on Being, returning no thanks for prosperity. Being thunder
his stone (applied to a miser, from whom nothing is to be got). struck, lost in amazement. Insolence, petulance, pertness, sau
A 3.3-3 bazzat, Little water. Small misling rain. ciness. ^\a. &c.) s zahaba damuhu bitran, His blood was
A 8-i bazia, Sweat. Flesh. An island in the sea. Name shed unrevenged. Batir, Full of spirits. Petulant, insolent.
of a district. si." Al buzayt, Name of a place in Egypt, and batr, (IIra) A stone, a rock.
of another near Damascus. a 5-9 a. batrkh (or J-A), (B&rfaxo.) A frog.
p a bat or batt, A goose, a duck. A sort of large cup. ge-y batrsliyn, (IIsrozialyov) Rock-parsley.
c batrln, (IIsraexalow) Petrolium, rock-oil.
G
A la batt, A duck. (sPAN. Pato) A goose. A pot, cup, J.A. bi tarik, By way of, in the manner of, on account of.
A
pitcher, or flaggon (especially of leather). A kind of flexible
leathern bottle, out of which they drink. -, *.* A cup of C- Jj For the love of God, for the sake of justice.
wine. r_j = The sun. - A. A goblet of pure wine. 6 GAA, bitrk, (IIarginio;) A patriarch. A patrician.
A la batt (from a batta), Cutting open (a boil).
&A. batrikyat (or &\a. batrkat), The patriarchat.
A

A sla, but-a (la bit or buta) Slowness, delay. #A Lla batasha, (fut. Lla: yabtushu) He seized.
A. Ja. batsh, (from U*) Seizing, carrying away by force.

a ca bith, (pl. of * abtah) Low, gravelly lands. Butah,

A disease resembling the pleurisy, which sometimes follows a
ever. Name of a region in Arabia.
A g- butahiy, Indisposed with the disease c butah.
Rushing upon with violence. Recovering (from a fever). Power,
vigour, strength, sternness, severity. Utla." *** 2\ kahhr-i
shadidu'l batsh, The Lord powerful in severity.
-

A &la batshat, (from U.a.) Making a violent attack. Re

P Aj. batrish, Ferm. - -

covering from a fever, but quite spent and overcome.
A & 5,0a: batrikat, (pl. of &A bitrik) Patriarchs. superiority over others, force, violence, vehemence. -52% -

a t batrk, (pl. of &A batrik) Patriarchs. al batshatu'l kubra', The great disaster, i.e. the battle of Badr.
 J 277
y -\,: a bat-i sharb, A goblet of wine. A wine-measure.
#A th batigha, (fut. ** yabtaghu) He was polluted (with
crimes). He was impeached. He slided along on his haunches.
* Ja, batak, A small goblet. A drinking-cup made in the
shape of a duck.
*AJa batala, (fut. Jar yabtulu) It was vain.
A Jal butl, (from Ja) Being vain, abortive, of no effect.
Being idle. Batal, A brave man, a champion.
AJ butln, (from Ja) Being vain, abortive. Idleness,
vanity. J .# * A foolish doubt, a vain scruple.
A&la batlat, A heroic, masculine woman. Butlat, Magi
cians, enchanters, wizards (as dealing in vain things).
G J Butalmiyus, (II toxswaio;) Ptolemy.
A * butm or butum, The turpentine-tree and fruit. A kind
of greenish grain, of a turpentine-quality. A greenish sore,
which breaks out upon the leg.
P J. A. bat-i may, A kind of wine-goblet.
AJ- batn, The belly, the paunch. The interior part or
middle of any thing. The interior of the city of Mecca. What
ever is contained in the belly, asafoetus. J cr *\la batnan an
butnin, From tribe to tribe, all, universally. A small tribe, an
off-set of a larger one. ca, 3,e. c-A, She was delivered of
the tenth child. The second degree of consanguinity. The
longest feather in a wing. (from J) Striking upon the belly.
Going into the middle. Penetrating into a business. Having a
clear view of a thing. Batan, A small tribe. (from e) Haw
ing the belly ready to burst from over-eating or indigestion. A
distension of the belly. Batin, A glutton. Low ground.
Aela, butnn, (pl. of cal batn) Bellies. Middles, centres.
The intestines. The most secret and sacred places. Jla,
<! The middle of Paradise. The longest feathers of a
bird's wings by which he steers his flight. (pl. of cal batin)
Low grounds. Name of a place in Syria.
* ~, J batn-parast, An adorer of the belly, a glutton.
A&la. batnat, (from J) Indulging the belly, being a slave
to gluttony. &la 3 That which is contained in the belly, i. e.
food. Batanat, (from J) Having the belly ready to burst
from over-eating. Bitanat, An indisposition from repletion.
Ajla, batw, (from ja:) Being compact in flesh.
Ak;a butut, (pl. of a batt), Ducks. Pots, cups. Bottles.
A.J. a butul, (from Ula) Being vain, fruitless, abortive.
A&A butulat, (from Ja) Valour, bravery.
Aeja, butun, (pl. of ela batn) Bellies. Interior parts. (from
J) Lying hid. Being intimate with.
A J bati-a, Slow, tardy. Buti-a, Slowness, laziness. JA
--," Lazy by nature. 9-" J Slow in motion.
a sl batihat, A gravelly, a low-lying ground overflown
"it waters at certain seasons of the year. &=\la.) Albatihat,
\x
Name of a low marshy ground between Wsit and Basrah, and
of another between Basrah and Ahwaz.
A ** bitikh (and &\la, bitikhat), A melon, a musk-melon.
** bitikh-i zikkiy, A water-melon. Jr- .* bi
tikh-i mustatil (or x ** bitikh-i hindly), The citrul.
A Jla batish, Powerful, severe, stern.
A a la batt, A wonderful thing. A lie.
A Ja batin, Large, gorbellied. Far distant, remote. Bu
tayn (dim. of Ja: batn), A little belly. The second mansion of
the moon, distinguished by three small stars in the belly of Aries.
A * basz, (from a buzza) Tuning (a musical instrument).
Making a great effort. As as kazz bazz, Thick, gross.
* A \ baz, (fut. 3|a yabzi) (The flesh) was compact.
A SAA bazrat and buzrat, An excrescence which they who
practise circumcision are accustomed to cut off. Bizarat, The
smack of the lips in kissing. Buzrat, An excrescence on the
middle of the upper lip, resembling a kernel.
AA bazar, A kind of kernel, which sometimes grows upon
the upper lips of the men in Arabia. Clitoris. A seal-ring.
A }* bazr, Having a large clitoris.
A *), a bizran, With impunity, unrevenged.
A 3A. bazrat, A scarcity of hair under the arms. A seal-ring
wanting the stone. Buzrat, An excrescence on the upper lip.
A *A* bazram, A seal-ring; hence ** tabazrum, Making
an idle display of a ring, by waving the hand when speaking.
re-" J} ba zuhur madan, To come to pass, be put in
execution, to be accomplished.
A sl bazz, Fat. Soft.
A s- batt (from s- batta), Remaining fixed in one place (a
cloud). A copious effusion.
A & batbitat, Poor, indigent (men).
A cl Butis, Name of a place near Madina.
A cl bied, (111 of Ax) Removing far. Retiring.
Aj. butar, The lote-tree; also the fruit, of which the Egyp
tians make bread.
A J bats, An emaciated, milkless camel.
A ** bat (from 8- batta), Remaining fixed in one place
(a cloud). Household furniture. Carpets, or garments, which
a traveller carries with him. Those things which a bride brings
to her husband's house. What is dropped on the way when any
place is plundered. Clouds heavy with rain. &c --- J
alka's sahbu baztahu, The cloud poured down what was in it.
A J batk (from Cx), Raining, soaking, drenching (the
earth). Butik, A cloud pouring down rain. Excessive rain,
a deluge. A hideous noise, the sound of a torrent.
A J Bazl, Name of a place. Bigal, (111 of J) Sport
ing ; toying with a spouse. Conjugal intercourse.
A vw bat-is, (pl. of ~3 batus) Lean, milkless camels,
 LX**
A t batbat, The noise made by decanting the contents of
a bottle. The dawn of youth.
A x batbatat, Precipitancy of speech. Flight from battle,
or from an enemy.
A& buttat, The colt of a camel.
*A - batasa, (fut. --- yabeasu) He sent.
A t bats, (from ~~~) Sending. Rousing, stirring up,
Raising the dead. Tracing footsteps. Making manifest, con
spicuous. An army, a detachment. Resurrection. "" 2-x
bats-i amwit, The resurrection of the dead. , , c- bats
278 **
A 3.xx, but dat, Distance (of place or consanguinity).
A sex battlahu, After, afterwards, then, after which or that.
A_\* bitzr (from J& Q), Moving.
Aj batr, Extreme poverty. The globular dung of animals.
(from j), Voiding dung (a camel or sheep). Becoming full.
grown and fit for labour (a camel).
A e), butrn, (pl. of z batir) Camels.
A 3x, ba&rat, Camel's dung. Bazarat, The wrath (of God).
A batsat, Exciting, rousing, promoting. Laying waste,
destroying, dispersing. -

tea nashr, Raising and dispersing; the resurrection. --~~) : A &#x. batzakat, A scatteredness, dispersion.

jawmul bats, The day of resurrection. Bazas, An army. A **-- bi askirihim, With their troops.

A & biasat, Mission, embassy, detachment. Resurrection. A La bats, Leanness of body. Agitation.
A *A* batsarat, A fainting fit. A dirty colour.
A Jex-ax, but sits and batsus, Slender, thin. The hip.
Alax, butsut (or butsut), The middle of any place. A ** batsusat, A white shining insect.

The navel. Podex. Vx. 3's hi butsutuh, He knows it well.
A & batsakat (from Cx, Q), Flowing or leaking (water)
from a pond or cistern, through any fissure or broken part.
A * batj (from *), Cutting open (the belly with a knife).
A L batz, Some, certain, sundry. A part. .v.a.a. Some
times. J!) Ls. On a certain night. J*. Lia One with
another, each other, reciprocally, mutually.
A & is (~A) ar-i), batazat, A place abounding with mus

Tormenting (love). & &la. * bataja batnahu laka, He quitoes. *-i- > &i & A night infested by gnats.
diligently exhorted thee. Basij, Walking languidly. A *::i batzuzat, An insect resembling the beetle.
:
A x battl, After, afterwards. Hitherto. Not yet. This word A. J- bazzi, Some, a little. <-s Usix bat: bbat, Par
generally begins Eastern letters, immediately after the preamble ticular taxes so called from their being entered under this vague
(or short prayer for the health and prosperity of the person to head, specifying no particular account on which they are levied.
whom it is addressed); as, 2 J 2~y. 2\ .* t-usix bats; jame, Sundry impositions (as fines for theft,
<--> After evincing a high desire and wish for an interview, or fornication; fees on marriage, &c.) or taxes forming a total of
&c. (a form of compliment like some in our European letters, revenue exclusive of the ground-rent. g- J batzi kharj,
which means nothing, as wishes for an interview are often ex
Petty charges. Grj Jix, ba&zi zamin, Lands exempted from
pressed in dispatches to those whom they neither hope nor desire
the payment of revenue.
to see). J- x. After having desired him to sit down. A lax, batat, Turpitude (either in word or deed). (from aw)
3,-4) A Ax. Shutting the stable-door when the steed is Killing, sacrificing, slaughtering.
stolen. ck- A (or ck! 2 *}-\ **), After the usual saluta Alais, buffat, Small in size, a dwarf.
tions and compliments. J) * Afternoon. V. Ax. After that, A 3-ax. bu&futat, A ball of dung rolled by a beetle.
on which. 595-1) J After consulting. ~~) J After death. A cx' back (from G), Killing (a camel). Digging (a well).
Detecting, unveiling, making clear.
&#;" & After it happens, when it is done. *::) J Hence
A << batk, (from <<) Striking (with a sword).
forth, or the time to come. As U." After these premises. Now
A & baskkat, An assembly (of men). A place of as
to begin. Axl \s 3 But then, now however (a transition from
sembly. Baekkat (or -x batkk), The impressions left
one part of the subject to another, very common in letters). cr" where people have been sitting. A body of men (with camels).
As Afterwards. A* : And then. P e!") Ax. After this. Ax:
Profusion of wealth (confusedly piled). A tumult. &
J73) After that. 43T3' J After which, after that which.
\), -ra! The meeting of heat and cold.
A \ bued, Distance. Death. c-" x. The distances A J bael, A husband. A wife, who is also called & baflat.
between the two easts (i.e. between the east and west). Batad, A lord, master, possessor. The idol Baal. High ground, a
Little, mean, vile. Remote, distant. (pl. of &c' bazid), Very hill (especially such as receives rain only once a year). A palm
distant. Basid, Perishing. Distant, far off. Far removed in or any other tree, shrub, or plant, watered only by rain, not by
point of relationship. Buead, Anything in which there is little art: (or sometimes vice versa).
good. - n 22 - A cl Bagalbak, Balbek in Syria (Heliopolis).
A law baedan, <<! \ but dan laka, Evil
Afterwards. A * basilat, Astonished, amazed (woman).
A j Batalzabub, (Heb. alarya), Baalzebub.
be to thee. "Aw, A kurban wa but dan, Far and near.
A lw butada (or J buedn), (pl. of z batid) Distant. r J ba tamal, To use : as e-T Jax To come to use; "
 \ 279
be put in practice. Jy J4s. To bring to use, to put in prac
tice, carry into execution, perform, ex J Jax, Not to
come to use, to fail or become ineffectual.
,
A J &\le-ux bitinyati'llahi tatala,By thehelp of God.
A U-2s butnas, A foolish girl.
A s batankt, Sharp-taloned (eagle).
Ay batto (from j), Committing a crime. Acting deceit.
fully, treacherously, perfidiously. Borrowing. Borrowing (a
,
dog) for hunting, (ahorse) for a race. Gaining at play (especially
at dice). Darting a malignant look. Striking, occasioning trou
ble to another. A crime.
A c butus, (pl. of c- bats) Armies, bodies of men.
A Ly batus, An extenuated milkless camel. -
A J batz (or **, noun of unity), A gnat. & ex- *
The marrow of a gnat (a proverb expressing any thing which
either does not exist or is difficult to be found). ** c
(r: The wing of a gnat (anything of small value).
A **) Al batzat, Name of a well.
Ail butulat, (pl. of J batl), Husbands. (from Ja) Be
coming a husband. Becoming a wife. Marrying. Being dis
turbed in mind, thunderstruck, astonished.
A w a") ey ba or bi tawn allahi takla', By the assistance
of the most high God.
A - Batis, Name of a poet.
*** baij, Burst in the belly.
A * batid, Distant, absent. Remote (in point of relation
ship). A J shikk-i bazid, A wide schism. & Ac
ahd-i batid, A long time ago. &J ghayr batid, Not far
off, near at hand. ) cr min al bat?d, From afar. cc
~);-) bazid an is sawb, Far from right, unreasonable. A
J batidu'l ghawr, (A man) of a deep impenetrable mind.
* J A batid shudan, To be separated. J * bat?d
Kardan, To remove, to absent one's self, to be hid.
*** butayd, A little after. Jj & bugayd Zamn, or
*J ~~~ bugaydt-i baynin, After a little while, in a short
time, by and by, presently. "Ax, badan, Afterwards.
Aj batr, A camel (when certain teeth project from his
jaws, about the sixth year). An ass. Any beast of burthen.
*** basin, A wooden statue. Name of an idol. One who
an neither compose nor read verses.
*** bi taynihi, Really, truly, justly, properly, in a genuine
yle, to the point, to the life, plainly, clearly, exactly, literally,
word for word, faithfully. Ju-l- ri- & Just as the pro
Phet Solomon, i. e. exactly, neither more or less.
*S bagh, A ditch. Name of an idol.
** baghgh, Boiling (blood). Bughgh, A little camel.
p bagh, A whore, an adultress. An infamous boy.
A* ough, (from \) Playing the whore, committing adul
*ry. Bugh, Desiring. Seeking. A thing lost, and sought for.
** bught, (pl. of sl bghi) Wishers. Seekers, inquirers.
&
Prevaricators, transgressors. Oppressors, tyrants. Ruffians,
rebels. ..), s bughat wa ashkiy, Rebels and plunderers.
A t bighat, (111 of e-) Attacking one unawares.
A c- baghs, A species of kite. La) <\ baghsu't tayr,
Any bird of the inferior kind of the hawk-species.
pj baghar, A nail, a spike, a wedge. Baghr (or *
baghrah) A breach in a wall. A wound. Bighar, A river.
rj baghaz (or j), A wedge used by carpenters to split
timber, and by shoe-makers to stretch the leather on their lasts,
A 3.3% baghzat, (from J4*) Being hated. Hating.
A J* baghk (for J% bakak), Talkativeness.
A J bighl, (pl. of J baghl) Mules.
A J baghghl, A muleteer, or owner of mules.
A bugham, (from **) Calling their young (does or moun
tain-goats). Speaking ambiguously.
r & baghmah, A demon inhabiting the woods.
P J% baghn, A wedge, a wooden peg.
P Jy baghnsh, A quick-going, well-paced horse.
A t baghawat, Rebellion.
A \ baghy, (pl. ofJ baghiy) Servant-maids. Whores,
The advanced guard, picket, or forlorn hope of an army.
A c- bi ghyat, Extremely, exceedingly, immoderately,
vehemently. Bughayat, A thing greatly in request.
A t-k bughbagh, A well whose water is near the mouth.
A & baghbaghat, Hastening. Vociferating. Singing. The
braying of a camel. The noise of one sneezing or trampling.
P ** baghbanj (or **), A serpent without venom.
A y bughbur or baghbur. A stone or altar upon which they
sacrifice to idols.
A c- baght, (from c-) Coming upon unawares. Amy
sudden or unexpected event.
r s baghta, The bar of a door. Swaddling-clothes. A
turban. A fissure.
A& baghtat or baghatat, (from c-) Happening unex
pectedly. & baghtatan, Suddenly, unexpectedly.
A baghs, (fem, of ~~~) abghas) Sheep marked with
white and black spots. A mob, a mixed company of men.
A J bighsn, (pl. of ~\ baghs) Kites.
A & baghsat, Small gentle rain.
PJ bughsaranidan, To cause to scatter.
A 3 baghsarat, Commotion, confusion, tumult. A palpita
tion or disorder of the heart, arising from any thing which dis
turbs the mind. 52%." 3 il) The people (are) in a tumult.
p bughsari, Afterwards, after this or that, a little after.
Puj bughsaridan, To scatter, to strew, to sow.
Aj Baghsr, Name of a city.
P & s baghchah, A bundle.
flak bughd, A cleaver, a large knife.
A ex Baghdd, (The garden of Dd an old Assyrian idol,
or according to some, the gift of Bagh, another of their old divi

J 280
uities), the city of Baghdd, situated on the eastern side of the
Tigris, the capital of Babylonian or Arabian Irk (the ancient
Chaldea or Assyria). It was built (A.C. 762) by the Khalf Al
mansr; and named also l-) &A. The city of peace; and 923
zawr, The oblique (from the diagonal situation of the Kibla
(mosque), or because the gates in the double row of walls with
which it was surrounded did not face one another, but were
placed in a zig-zag or oblique direction). From the reign of
Almansur (a few years excepted, when some of the Khalfs re
sided at Samarra and Damascus), it remained the capital of the
Muhammadan empire, till it was taken by the Mogul prince Hu
lagu, grandson of Changiz Khn, after a long siege (during
which the astonishing number of 1,700,000 of the inhabitants are
said to have fallen by sword and famine), and a period put to the
Khilfat in the year 1258. It continued in the possession of the
Moguls till seized by Timr lang in 1392; after which it was
usurped and possessed by several chiefs, till the year 1508, when
Shh Safi, the first king of the late reigning dynasty of Persia,
having got it into his possession, it became the ground of many
wars between the Persians and Turks; but in 1638, being taken
by Amurath III. it has since that time remained subject to the
Ottoman Porte. The belly. The second line upon the mirror
of Jam. P <--!> <\ Baghdd is ruined (metaphorically,
the stomach is empty). 3,5-x ,934. Fulness, repletion.
A A ** baghum, (A doe or mountain-goat) bleating. Bugham
p.s.. baghdi, The first sort of camel.
a, baghr, (from A) Experiencing an unquenchable thirst.
Moistening the earth (rain). Baghar, A disease incident to
camels from excessive thirst.
py baghr, A boar. Bughra (or , bughra') Quadran
gular sections of paste (or macaroni) dressed with soup or milk.
A L-A Baghrs, Name of a city four leagues from Antioch.
r, bughraw, Clamour, noise.
A 5A baghrat, Violent rain, a thunder shower.
Aj baghz, (from j) Beating with a stick. Kicking. Mov
ing with alacrity. Agility. Eagerness, violence of temper.
#A C. baghasha, (fut. C-r yabghashu) It rained.
A U.K. baghsh (or & baghshat), Small misling rain, dew.
P_5- Baghshur, Name of a village near Hart.
A L baghs, (3.a baghzat or * baghazat), Being hated.
Hating. Bugha, Hatred. us- , L Concealed hatred.
A \ is baghz (or &i bighsa), Excessive hatred. Baghz
(fem. of L alghaz) as: \ix ,<e, we Strong detestation.
P Ja baghtak, A turban. A fissure.
A J baghl, A mule.
e J baghal, The arm-pit. The embrace. Name of a cer
tain Jew. Jer j J To receive with open arms. J J
To go on one side. Jj J To rejoice at another's distress.
Je J To exercise, to prove. To display strength.
A J baghghal, Slow, tardy, fatigued. A certain pace of a
camel, neither good nor bad.
*
Q-84
r bughl, Marriage.
P J baghln, Subjects belonging to any particular district,
(particularly to Balkh). An attendant, a follower.
r & J baghal-band, A rope tied under the arm-pits.
P Jl
baghiltak, Speech, discourse. An upper garment.
Swaddling-clothes. The accoutrements of a horse.
r 5; J baghal-tari, Shame, bashfulness.
r 4 baghlak, A swelling under the arm-pits.
P **J baghal-giri, Embracement, a clasp, a hug.
rj baghlankar, Name of a bird.
P J baghli, A disorder in camels, rubbing the thigh against
the belly. A kind of dumb bell used in exercise.
A ** bagham, An obscure, ambiguous speech.
rj bughmz, Circumference. Bughm: (or j bugh
mr), A mould for making bricks.
P ** bughunj, Coriander-seed.
P & baghand, An inquiry. A river. Undressed leather.
A * bagh w, Observation, consideration. The blossoms of a
tree. The fruit of a wild tree, small, green, and never ripening.
A 3:4 baghwat, An unripe date. A pod of a palm-tree, burst.
ing and shooting forth flowers.
Ay bughar (from J), Setting (stars, particularly the
pleiades) and causing rain. -
(from **), Leaving off braying (a she-camel). Bellowing,
bleating (does, camels and mountain-goats) when calling their
young. Speaking obscurely, ambiguously, or indistinctly.
A x baghway, Worthy of consideration. Baghawiy, Native
of the city of J Baghsr. -
A G baghy (from Us), Transgressing (the) bounds (of
propriety). Being overbearing, immoderate, unjust, insolent,
oppressive. Prevaricating. Raining hard. Filling a valley (a
torrent). Swelling (a wound). Being brisk, active, swift (a
horse). Injustice, tyranny, oppression, violence. Insolence.
Defection, revolt, rebellion. Bughy (from J%) Begging,
asking, searching. Assisting one in seeking for anything lost.
A use baghiy, Unjust. A whore. A maid-servant.
rj baghyz, Drink-money. A present of sweetmeats.
Ae bughyn (from ), Seeking. Helping to seek.
A ** bughaybigh, A well whence water is easily drawn.
A fat doe. Wishing, seeking. Unjust, tyrannical.
A &r!" Al bughaybighah, Name of a well belonging to Aliy.
A & bighyat or bughyat, Any thing wanted, lost, sought
after. & J G I have something to do with such a one.
A - bagh's, Wheat.
A z bighayr, Without, besides, except, unless. 5 (or
P J-32%) Except me. ~ 2 J J bighayr ryat, Rashly.
A C. baghiz, Hated. Name of the father of a tribe.
r is ba, A weaving-instrument. The yarn-beam.
 us 281 \a

p's bai, Scurf, dandruff. A & bake, High, exposed land. Bike, (pl. of &
rj bafar, (equivalent to j baghz) A wedge. bukaat) Low places where water stagnates. Tracts, districts.
p * babanj (or ** baftanj), A serpent without venom. Countries, regions. Buildings, edifices. Temples, mosques.
re-i, bat, Woven, wrought. C-j zar-baft, Wrought Monasteries, caravanseras. Name of several places in Syria.
g.
with gold. Gold-tissue. J.-.8% Sacred places, monasteries. P fLi- .8% bikt-i
t baftarah (s or ), A lure for a hawk. sipahr-irtifat, Fabrics high as the heavens.
p baffari, The yarn-beam. The sley of a weaver's A J bakk (or & 33 bakkat), Talkative.
loom. Any instrument used in weaving. A J, bakkl, An oil-merchant, a grocer, a vender of oils,
p * baff (or & pa), Spittle. A slavering fellow. pickles, honey, grapes, pulse and such like.
p ** baffam, (**, ***, or ***), Much, many. Copious.
A t bukim, Weak in mind. Coarse or uncombed wool.
Money thrown amongst the populace upon rejoicing days. Cloths The coarse part of flax or hemp.
stretched upon spars of wood in which people catch the money A s bakawat (from ) Looking upon. Considering.
so scattered. An instrument with which they dry grapes, and Expecting.
taste any thing sweet. P J bukwal (for J), Overseer of the kitchen.
*\ bafard, To-morrow. See \e; furd. A \,\ , baky, (pl. of 3.5, bakiyat) Remains, fragments.
Balances. J s bakay-i baki, Outstanding balances.
r bafarm (imp. of Jys, farmdan), Command, say.
A J bakbk, Prating, talkative.
r bafard, Down, downward.
* barah (or s), Any weaving-instrument. Difficult. A & bakbakat (from & Q), Sounding (as a bottle when
"J bash, Magnificence, elegance, pomp. decanting). The noise of water falling from a height, or issu- .
"J- bufushrnidan, To cause to sow or scatter. ing from any pipe or vessel.
"Jj bufushridan, To sow, scatter, strew, disperse. A & Bakkat, Name of a city situated on the Euphrates.
AJ, &= - 4 is bifazlihi subhnahu wa tatala, By the P &s bukchah, A knapsack, a wallet, a small bundle.
grace of God, by divine favour. A 2.35 bi kadri, (p ba kadri) According to, with regard to,
Pe bagin, (in ancient Persian) A villa. A balcony. as to, in consideration of z-, j According to the exi
p* bam or biam, Sorrow. Impotence, debility. Sad. gency, in consideration of the necessity. JJ (or JA,
*** buinj, Saliva, spittle. A kind of venomless serpent. &\la!"), As far as possible. P Ly J According to his rank.
Bufunj, The seed of pepperwort or coriander. *Aj bakara, (fut. Jir yabkaru) He clave asunder.
p ** bafitaj, A snake of a reddish black colour, found in
A_i, bakr (from J), Cleaving, splitting. Widening, open
vineyards, but perfectly harmless. ing. Looking for water (the lapwing). Bukr or bakar, Be
Ac bakk (from G. bakka), Bringing forth many children. ing astonished on seeing an ox (a dog). Sighing. Being fa
Raining abundantly. Name of a place. tigued. Bakar, Black cattle (as the bull, ox, or cow). *G!
, s
Ac bakk, A fly, a gnat. Name of a place in Mesopotamia. Li." Herds of oxen. A.") & 3- An insatiable appetite, the sto
s J." 5, s The fly-tree, the elm, called in Persian Meye dardar. mach of an ox. ji "23 Name of a place. Ji- Je An ox
Js' J A wall, wood, or paper-louse, a bug. eye, a kind of fine large black grape. The damasc plum. J&
** *A's bak (for Ji bakaya), (fut. Jir yabki) He observed. * A feast held in commemoration of Abraham's offering to
a's baki (from G), Remaining. Continuing. Firmness, sacrifice his son (Isml, and not Is-hk according to the Mu
ls
slability. Permanency, perpetuity, duration. Perseverance, hammadans). Bukar, A lie. An evil, misfortune, calamity.
steadiness. 29 dar-i baka (or p 29-5 kishwar-i baka), Bukur, (pl. of 3,5 bakarat) Oxen.
al
The other world, the everlasting kingdom, eternity. A t bakart, (pl. of 3,5 bakarat) Oxen. Flocks (ofsheep).
AJ bikr, (pl. of bakarat) Cows, oxen.
g Bukrt, (ITTongrn.) Hippocrates. A&s= <3*.*, *
g Aj, bukkar, A dealer in cattle, a drover. A blacksmith. Bukrat-i malikus sahhat, Hippocrates, the king of health.
j." Albakkr, The name of a valley and of a desert, said to be A 3.5, bukrat, A circle of the size of the hoof of an ox; the
inhabited by demons. impression of a hoof on the ground. Bakarat, A cow, an ox.
*** bukkira, Alie. A misfortune, an evil, a calamity. A v.; buks, (bakas, bakis or U.S. buksh), The box-tree.
A j bakkriy, A stout stick, a cudgel. A la, bakt, Household furniture. Collecting together of house.
Ak bukt, A handful of Was) ikt, (or sour milk, allowed to hold goods. Separation, dispersion. A letting out of a garden
w; "crete, and reduced to powder, which is kept for future use (for a third or a fourth part of its produce). Bakat, Dates which
'. *
and dressed in a variety of ways). Bukkt, The sediment of fall to the ground, when the clusters are carelessly cut. A part
the grains of the colocynth, when sweetened by the pouring or fragment of anything. A scattered body of men.
f water upon them. A Jai, buktat, A scattered body of men,
2 O
 J 282
--
A t-i bake, Going into any country. Provoking by oppro
brious words and false imputations. Bakat (from 8-3) Being
marked with black and white spots (a crow). Becoming desert
and uninhabited. Having water poured upon the hands. An
intermixture of colours (particularly of black and white).
A \xi, bakt, (fem. of t) abkat) Black and white (crow).
(A year) barren or scarce of provisions; (or rather) partly fruit
ful and partly barren, as expressive of variety. Name of a city.
A ex buktn, (pl. of 85, bakie) Servants, Ethiopianslaves.
Places where there are many roots of trees.
A & buktat or bakaat, An irregularly formed tract of land.
Buktat, A low place in which water stagnates. A place, a coun
try, a district. An edifice. A temple. A monastery. A cara
wansera, P*** 23-32 W.T. ---a < A region like para
dise, and a country displaying delight. A & JS Every where.
A J bakl, Herbage produced from seed. Pot-herbs. (from
J) Growing, appearing (the herbage; the beards of young
men; the teeth of camels). Producing herbage (ground). Flou
rishing, putting forth leaves. Bukl, The Spring. Spring-herbs.
Bakilor bakal, (Ground) producing herbs, shrubs, verdure. The
chin of a young man beginning to shew signs of puberty.
a & baklat, A pot-herb. A bean, <-FM & Balm. &
Ja Cauliflower, cabbage. sey'." & Ivy. ** & The
insipid herb, purslain. &\-'A' & Sorrel. ius
Celadine. &rs&" & Spinage. V & Purslain. --~) &
A species of sweet basil. J-) & Calamint. J & Dit
tany.- ***) & Balm. &." & Purslain. &\-J) & En
dive. <!all & Fumitory. & & Beet, spinage, &
** Sow-thistle, a kind of lettuce.
rjli, baklankas, Name of a certain animal with a black
and white neck, long legs, and a broad blueish snout.
pa bakam, Wood, resembling Brazil wood; also the tinc
ture extracted from it.
A ** bakkam, Red colour.
A 83%, bakwat (from Us), Looking upon. Observing, con
sidering. Respecting, regarding.
A_i, bukur, (pl. of bakar) Oxen, cows.
A J;i. bukul, (pl. of& baklat) Herbs, pot-herbs. (from J),
Growing (grass, beards of young men, teeth of camels).
A bukwa, A remainder, any thing reserved. Pity.
A us. baky (from ), Considering, observing. Remaining.
A L bakiy. A residue, a remainder.
rj bakyar (or j bakyaz), A kind of black carpet, with
a short pile, made of camels' hair.
A & bakiyat, A remainder, a residue, what is preserved or
reserved. A balance. What God has left indifferent, all &
Obedience rendered to God, in the expectation of a future re
ward. - & The remains of the sword (i.e. of a scattered
army after a defeat). P* * The rest of the soldiers.
9- -
A 25, bakir, Split, (particularly having the belly burst). A
camel whose belly is cut open to let the foal come out. A herd
of oxen. Bakir (or S bakirat), A shift or inner garment,
slit, and without sleeves, worn by women.
A s bukkiri, A sort of boy's game.
A sft bakia, A place in which there are roots of a number
of trees. 33,3') s bakitu'l gharkad, The cemetery of Madina.
A J bakil, The plant 9 rams. See also J's bkil.
A&R, bakilat, Meat dressed with broth, pease and other herbs.
P 3 bak, Wild cucumber. A retreat, an asylum. A frog.
A forest. A wild uncultivated country. Household furniture,
Beauty. Backwards and forwards. Name of a city in Trans
oxania. Bik, A live coal. Buk, The cheek, the face. A pitcher
with a short neck. Ignorant, unskilful.
A "3 baka-a (from Q), Having little milk (a camel or a sheep).
*A 3 bak (for J bakaya), (fut. J: Jabki) He wept.
a 3 baka', baki, or buka' (from \), Weeping, crying.
Buka' or buka, A complaint, lamentation, exclamation, P : J;
e-A (3 car o bak kardan, To lament and complain.
A 9 bakk, One who weeps much.
A \ bik-a, (pl. of 3.3 baki-at), (Camels) giving little milk.
P_{3 ba kar, To use, useful. Le 2% ba kar-i ab
budan, To be constantly drinking. exj ba kr amadan,
To come to use, to be fit or useful. To be slain, to die. J%
e ba kr awardan, To bring to use, to use, to effect, per
fect. To kill, to slay.
A_\, bikar, (pl. of K. bakr) Young (camels). (111 of ),
Coming early in the morning.
A 93 bakarat, Being a virgin. Virginity. P J 2%
bakarat giritan, To deflower a virgin.
A 5,3 bikrat, (pl. of K. bakr) Young (camels).
pj9 bakz, Caverns, dens of wild beasts.
A J-9 Baks, Name of a strong place near Antioch.
Pej &#13 ba kghis burdan, To promote to the highest
degree of honour.
A c"< bakk, (pl. of 3-3 bakkal) Crowds. Bakkk, A
dwarf, so little, that he appears rather to roll than walk.
A J bakl, A branch of the Himyarit Arabs.
A J baklat, A kind of dish made of flour.
A --~~3 bakmat (from *9), Being dumb. Restraining
one's self from speaking. Abstaining (from a wife).
P J% bakn, The den of a wild beast. A going here and
there, doing nothing. -
A e.9 bukkn, (pl. of 3" abakk) Severe years (destroying
cattle). Very wise. Herdsmen. Farming-bailiffs. Hirelings.
P J bakwul, A cup-bearer. A steward. A head cook,
a superintendant of the kitchen (a term much used in India).
Pe2% bakyn, The Persian lilac.
r_<! bakbar, The purging cassia.
A & bakbakat (from << 9), Throwing one on another.
 _&
r & Q bakbakah, Frumenty. A villain, a seducer.
A & bakkal (from 3 bakka), Being compressed. Crowd
#:
ing together, assembling tumultuously. Tearing, separating,
dividing, disjoining. Urging, pressing. Importuning (as a
suitor). Breaking (the neck). Being reduced to poverty.
Having a hairy body, the mark (according to the Arabians) of
: a bold and active mind. Mecca, or the interior part of that
city, lying between two mountains.
* a c-3 bakt (from <-9) Striking with (a sword or stick),
whipping. Offering or placing before any one what he detests.
Receiving with a bad grace.
P J Baktash, Name of a prudent man mentioned in the
Gulistn; also of a king of Kh'rzam.
rvus Baktnsh, Name of a king of the genii.
*A& baktar, A coat of mail, a cuirass.
ru baktar-psh, Clad in armour. -
*** baktari, An armourer, one who makes coats of mail.
*J-29 Baktusn, Name of a certain able vazir.
p J Baktush, A man's name.
** a tuft, whither:
* bikini, Plain silk.
re-s ba kudamin, How 2 in what manner *
*AK bakara, (fut. K- Jabkuru) He rose betimes.
AK bakr, A young camel. Name of an Arabian tribe. :
A. Ab bakr, A proper name. A_\e Diyr-bakr, Mesopo
tamia, and also the capital city, formerly Amida. Bikr, A
maid, a virgin, a girl. A woman delivered of her first and
nly child. The first, the first-born (male or female, man or
beast). An unprecedented affair. As .*, * zarbat-i bikr, A
blow which penetrates, a mortal wound. P y z; 28
"ikr-i poshidah-ray, (The veiled-faced virgin), (or *- As
Js. bikr-i mashatah-khizn), (The autumn-attired maiden)
An unbroached cask of wine.
AK, bakar, The morning, dawn. (pl. of 3.9 bakrat) Pullies.
AK, bakir or bakur, Rising, doing any thing in the morning.
AX. bukur, (pl. of 5% bakr and 29 bakir) Ripe dates.
All fruits which ripen soon.
A "K. bakaran, In the morning, early.
A ~% bakarat, (pl. of 5K, bakrat or bakarat) Pullies.
P JK, bukrn, The inside of a pot, the bottom of a pot; also
what is contained in it. Scalded in a pot. (These are in the
Karmnian and Turkistan dialects).
*{A- JK, bikrn-i charkh, Virgins of Paradise. The stars.
A bakric; y, Belonging to the tribe of K. J us.
p JK, bakr-7, Name of a fruit resembling the citron.
A 5% bakrat, A young she-camel. Name of a well. Bakrat
or bakarat, A pulley. The ornamental rings of the sheaths of
Fastern scimitars, by which they are suspended by chains to the
girdle. rt 5% J - j- tala bakarat abihim, They
*
283 33
came all together. They left nobody behind. They came one
after another, in a continued line, or in the manner of their fathers.
A 5,3 bikrat, An unblemished virgin. Bukrat, The morn
ing, the dawn. 3.9 *\-j-a bukratan, He came betimes.
rje ba kirdar, After the manner of, like.
P bakraw? (or - pakraw?), Intoxicated. A drinker
who cannot refrain from drinking to excess.
p *K, bakrah, A cow. A piece of wood or rope in the middle
of a house, upon which they hang clothes. Bakarah, A pulley,
a crane. Bukrah (and *K, pukrah), A monastery. A wine
shop. A brothel. War. A country laid waste by war.
P bakri, Drunken. A drunkard. Drunkenness.
A 5% bakriy, Of the family of Ab bakr,
A-59 bikry, Virgin, belonging to a virgin.
A L-9 baks (from U-9), Subduing (an adversary).
A --~3 buksat. A ball made of cloth, with which boys play
at a game called < Kuja.
r 3 Baksir, Buxar, a town in Bahr (India).
pr-3 buksarah, A desolate place.
PJ9 buksustan, To break. To be broken.
re--3 baksamat, Biscuit taken on a journey.
r & 9 buksah, A fragment of meat or bread.
P J-9 bakushtan, To kill. Bukushtan, To lean towards, to
incline, to have a propensity. To be turned, bent, inclined.
P & bakshah, A swelling on the head or body.
A t baka, (from s) Receiving (any thing) with a bad
grace. Offering or placing before another whatever he detests.
Checking or silencing by upbraiding. Striking one with repeated
blows upon different parts of the body. Giving any thing entirely.
Cutting in pieces. Going away, departing for any place.
P Jji is ba kaf awardan, To acquire. To exhibit.
A & bukuk, Robust youths. Swift asses.
A J& bakl, Mixture, confusion. Booty, prey, spoil, plunder.
(from J3) Speaking foolishly. Preparing the dish & K.
A 3.9 biklat, Nature, form, figure, stature.
A bukm, (pl. of & abkam) Dumb (people). Bakam
(from *9), Being dumb (either from nature or disease). Re
fraining from speech. Abstaining (from the marriage-bed).
& bakam, Braslian wood. See **
P -
r_j\,3 bukmar, A conqueror, a superior.
Pjv bukmaz (or j, bugmaz), Wine. A convivial en
tertainment, a jovial company. Joy, cheerfulness, freedom,
familiarity, agreeable society, sprightly conversation.
P ev bukman (or ev pukman), Conquering, subduing.
A ev bukman, (pl. of bakim) Dumb.
p J% ba kan, Tear thou up, dig thou. e ba kun, Do thou.
r &Q bakang, An animal that has lost its tail.
A39 baku-a (from Q), Having little milk (a camel).
A. 25% bakr, Ripe dates, and in general all fruits which ripen
2 O 2
 33 284 \,
soon. Bukur (from K.), Rising, going, coming, or doing any P < bagah, In time, in a certain time, timely, seasonably.
thing early in the morning. Making haste. P.J. bal, A bridge. Victory. Recovery of health. A seal.
P *\}-A Je bakura-i dushman-i bad-kh'h, In de Bil (for J bihil), Let alone, touch not, dismiss, send away.
spite of malevolent enemies. (for J pil) The heel. Name of a fruit. Bul, Afool. Much.
A &y bakuriyat, Primogeniture. A J. bal, Nay, on the contrary. Assuredly. What do I say?
P % bakuk, A butt or mark to shoot at. A drinking-cup. *A J. balla, (fut. J yabullu) He moistened.
p 4, & bak-o-luk, Unequal. Ignorance, unskilfulness. A J. ball, (from J balla) Moistening, softening, sprinkling.
p & bakunak (or &;3 bakunah), A wooden scimitar. Soaping the beard or head when going to shave. A union of
r & bakah, Cheerfulness. Culture. Ba keh, To whom. friends. Victory. Recovery from indisposition. Bill, Any
A & Bakkah, (equivalent to & Bakkat) Mecca. thing allowed, permitted, in which every one enjoys a common
p J' bak-han, A sort of grain. right. Bull, (from J. balla) Recovering health. Being dis
PP bakahtar, More early. persed, scattered (people).
P Js bak-hijtn, A porter's knot. * A \, bal (for; balawa), (fut. * yablu) He tempted.
A C baki-a (or & baki-at), (A camel) having little milk. r!, bal, A misfortune. Evil. Old, putrid, corrupted. A
A J bakiy, One ready to weep. Weeping much. Bukiy difficulty. Power, violence. A black cow.
A \ bal (from J), Tempting, trying, making an experi
(for J bukiy), (pl. of 3% bk) Weeping. Name of a place.
ment. Doing good, conferring a favour. U--). a" s God
r 1.3 bikys (or - pikyasa), A small load on which
tried him with a beneficent temptation (or simply, Bestowed a
one man sits so as not to overburden a camel.
benefit upon him). (e contra), Afflicting, treating with severity.
P 3 bakit (or G bakit), Grandees, chiefs.
Making manifest. Becoming old, worn, tattered (a garment by
A29 bakir, Ripe dates, and all fruits which ripen soon. use). Being clad, covered. Being affected by fear or anxiety.
.A J (J-jam'il-i) bakil, One who is extremely nice
A \, bil, Without, beyond. J \! bil imhl, Without de
and circumspect with regard to his dress and deportment. lay. Jus $ bil inml, Without neglect. Ast A bila ta
A 1.3 bakilat, A kind of miscellaneous dish, made in different khir, Immediately, without delay. --> \! bila tartib, Dis
manners, of meat, flour, or slices of thin paste, dates, new wine,
orderly, irregular, inordinate. e., \, billi taraddud, Without
milk, pulse, oil, and water. A mixed flock of sheep and goats. hesitation, without opposition. J-j \; bila tasayyul, Without
Spoil, booty, prey, plunder. running or flowing. 6- ), bila tashbih, Beyond comparison,
A 2-3 bakim, Dumb, silent. incomparably. --~~ \ bil tag, Without trouble or fatigue.
P s bagh, In time. The morning, the dawn. --s ba
J $3 bil tatr, Inexplicable. &; \! bila tawakkuf, With
ghast, It is in time. out waiting, immediately, at once. &s- \! bil hujjat, With
P 'A'. bagusar, Send away, dismiss, let pass.
out proof. &-\, bil harakat, Immoveable. ~~% bi
re-x bagusashtan, To send away, dismiss, discharge, sabab (or C-->< \, bil miib), Without cause. \! bil
disband, permit to pass. See e-3s guishtan. shart, Unconditional. A bil talab, Without seeking.
P93% bugsar, The nose. J** \! bil tiwaz, Without recompense. six}\; \; bil fa-idah,
p Jl, ba gardndan, To turn, convert, avert, divert.
Unprofitable. J.;; bil fark, Indifferently. J.; as \! bil kusar,
To turn the back. To take a turn. See Je: gardinidan. Without fail. **** bila muharashah, Without dispute.
P 3) ba gard raft, He is gone to dust, he is annihilated. A $4 ball, (fem.of Jalaball) Perjured. A hypocrite. Smooth.
It is evaporated in smoke. See 9, gard. A.V. bal-a, Temptation, trial. Misfortune, calamity. Af
p s bagardidan, To walk, to wander. To turn, change, fliction, grief, sorrow, distress. Pain, torment, anguish.
alter. -3 J (A ** J* Je audiil ean shay-a), P J balbal, A nightingale.
To decline, or turn away from any thing. See J gardedan. P &\ bilbah, An adultress, a courtezan. An obscene, *
T P se;4 bag-zdah, A prince's son, a cavalier, a gentleman. idle-talker. Cajolery, flattery.
P J bagshn, An assembly of nobles. * 23% balatakir (or ck), A mace of iron or wood.
r 3 begum, A queen. The queen-mother. A lady of rank. Ac balsik, (pl. of G balsk) Stagnating wate", *
A respectable matron. tending a great way over the surface of the ground.
rj bagmz, Sorrow, grief. An entertainment, a banquet. P z balj, Reeds from which mats are made. Bilj, A"

Bigmz, Wine. A drinking-glass. | Bulaj, Flummery, hasty-pudding.

r & bagand, A bird's nest. P_3-k balajur (or j-l. balajus), A black ox or cow.
P J bagni, Malt-liquor, beer. A 24-> 3-A, baljatu wahin, Liberty, safety. Confidence.

r; bag (from exis gutan), Say thou. P *-* balaham (or r=} balkham), A sling. A Purse.
 \, w
A t bilkh, Large-hipped (woman). Bulakh, The holm-oak.
A s bulkhyat, A noble lady, a matron.
r bald, Praised. Blameable. Buld, A malefactor.
A.M. Balad, Name of a place in Yammah, which furnishes
excellent arrows. Bilad, (pl. of .M. balad) Cities, countries,
regions, habitations. ck a las takhtit-i bild, Geography,
chorography. ...!!!! khatttul bild, A drawer of coun
; tries, a geographer. P \- ..M. bild-i Khsh-nam, Splendid
cities. A Bilid, (111 of Ali) Fighting with swords. Cudgel-playing.
A sel, baldat, (from M) Being stupid. Stupidity, folly.
PJk baldir, The ornaments of a spouse.
rj baldr, The anacardia. See JSW, balazir.
r sely bal-deh, Giving trouble. Seditious. An evil-doer.
pse!, bildah, Wain, foolish, futile.
Aj, balzir, A kind of Indian fruit, in shape and colour
resembling the heart; the anacardium, or Malacca-bean.
l. balziri, An electuary made from 23). balzir.
r). balr, Root of a thorny shrub, called *:/57 zar-biyah.
AzJ% balrij, A stork.
*% balrak, Indian steel. A sword made of the same.
rk ballr, Crystalline.
Aj, bal-az, Short. Satan. Iard, robust (youth).
r}} bilts (or bilj), Without cause or reason.
Pse; * bal-zadah, Stricken with adversity.
it. *u-k balas (bilas, or J. palas), A coarse cloth of hair or
wool, of which they make pannels or saddle-cloths for beasts of A c, biln, A wreath. Ballan, A cold or hot bath.
burthen. A large sack for holding straw. Sackcloth. A kind
of upper garment worn by the dervishes or Muhammadan monks. judgment, foolish, ignorant. (In a better sense) Being ex
Name of a place in Syria. Jk 43,< with a dervise's habit. tremely bashful. Being careless and regardless of one's actions,
re:-}. Balsghn, Name of a city in Turkistan.
re-k balsdan, To have a wrinkled, rugged or unequal
surface (especially any thing of a globular form, as a melon).
To wither, dry, and shrivel (as fruit) before it be ripe.
p J balsh, Scientific, skilful. Name of a king; also of a
city. Bilsh, Without cause or reason, without a why or wherefore.
re, s Balshjird, Name of a city four leagues from Marw.
A Jk bilas, (111 of J4) Rushing (upon any one).
A * bal-asat, (from Je". Q) Running away.
A J-k balsi, (pl. of slac balanst) Birds of a particular
species, whose eggs are green.
A}}, balt, Level ground, a smooth pavement of stones, bricks,
tiles, or earth. A stone or brick used in pavements. A palace.
Name of a place in Madina. Bilt, (111 of al.) Fighting with
a sword. Exerting one's self in swimming.
A&l, bullsat, A sewer or drain in the middle of the house.
Acl, (] amkinat-i) balik, Spacious, open Places.
A & balgh, Arrival. Whatever is brought. A sufficiency,
enough. Any word implying excellence (as purity, virtue, &c.).
*.
Bilgh, (111 of $4) Striving, using diligence. Doing to excess.
*
A sl balght, (pl. of & balghat) Whisperings.
285 -*
A c-3), balghat, Eloquence, fluency of words. Maturity.
Bravery. eys- c- ex~. The eloquent contents.
r_j}. balghur, A stranger, a refugee.
p J% balk, The feet of long trowsers or drawers.
A ** balkit, (pl. of t balkat) Uncultivated, uninha
bited grounds. (Women) destitute of every good quality.
A cl Balkis, Two places between Madna and Egypt.
r U.S. bala-kash, Unhappy. Miserable, afflicted.
r JS), balkal (or ), Indian steel. A rich sword of In
dian steel, which by way of ornament is suspended at the side of
a led horse of state.
"P J% balal, Root of a thorny plant called *::/37 azar-buyah.
A. J% ball, Moisture, humidity, freshness (of youth or young
plants). Beneficence, benefit. Bilal, Milk, water, or any thing
moistening the mouth. Name of the crier who announced to the
people when Muhammad said prayers. (pl. of& bullat) Mois
tures. Remains of love. Benefits.
A&J's bualut, An evil deed, wickedness.
r 3% ballak, Excellent steel. An Indian sword.
A al balait, Level grounds, pavements.
A t: balali, (pl. of 3-3. bullutat) Drains, sewers.
A c, balalik, (pl. of J} balluk) Deserts. Soft and level
grounds. (Tracts of land) producing nothing but stones.
A 2), bulm, A green salsuginous plant.
A_\xi \, bal-madr, Afflicted, wretched.
A & balahat, (from *) Doating, being simple, weak in
yet always meaning well.
Al baly, (pl. of 3.9 balyat) Misfortunes.
p s bal-i siyh, Confusion. Opposition. Trouble.
p A.M. balyah, A whore. An impudent man or woman. Cor
rupted, degenerate. Wandering from the right way. Laid
waste, destroyed. Poor. An Indian sword.
{
r;&\ balyah-kas, A kind of coarse silk of little value.
A J balbl (and & balbalat), Anxiety, anguish, grief,
vexation, affliction. A discontented turn of mind.
P & balbakah, Fresh butter.
A p C., balbal, A large cup, a goblet. Bulbul, The bulbul,
a bird with a melodious voice, a great favourite with the Eastern
poets; the European bird which most nearly resembles it is the
nightingale. A little king, a viceroy. e- J An
-
epithet of Muhammad. Paradise. & J An owl. (Burhn).
A J.J. bulbul, Light, superficial (man). Nimble, active.
A \ bulbul, The noise made by camels.
P balbalany, A kind of sweetmeat.
A 3.J.'s balbalat (from Ll q), Being confused, (as the lan
guages at Babel). Grief, anguish of spirit.
 * 286 c
\-'

A c- J bulbul-chashm, A sort of silk.
PA 34 balbalah, The guggling of water when poured from
a bottle. Anguish of spirit. Bulbulah, A drinking-vessel with
a spout.
P
Butter. Liquor. Leather. A root. A camel-litter.
J. bulbuli, A firkin. Wine. Leather. An apricot.
P J balban, Purslain.
P J-k balbus, A wild onion. Garlick.
A J Bulbul, Name of a place in Bahrayn.
A L* Balbays, Name of a town in Egypt.
the Oxus or Jihn. It is called likewise rs, t the city of
Abraham, and was as highly venerated by the ancient Persians
as Mecca is now by the Muhammadans. A goblet of wine.
A* balkha, (fem. of *ablakh) Foolish (woman).
A ** balikhtat, A species of dwarf-tree, which extends its
branches a great way over the surface of the ground; a gargarism
of which is used to make leeches upon the gums drop off.
r A. balkhach, Vitriol, black tincture.
Q.
|

A & ballat, One single drop. Moist (wind) bringing rain
or dew. A benefit. & 2 &R hallat wa ballat, Somewhat, a
little, small rain, and few drops. Billat, Moisture. Bullat
(from J. balla), Being wet. Sprinkling, moistening. Juice of
young plants. Humidity, moisture. Remains of love. Bene
ficence, benefit. Vice, wickedness.
*A -1 balata, (fut. --- yablitu) He cut.
A -l, balt (from ~A), Cutting, splitting, slitting, dividing,
separating. Being cut, divided. Being wise, intelligent. Bulat,
The name of a bird, whose feathers, it is said, consume those of
every other bird with which they are mixed.
A sl baltt (from J Q), Cutting, dividing, splitting.
A t baltaf or balatae, Cunning, crafty, sly, sagacious.
A. j baltasiniy, A person pluming himself on qualifica
tions to which he has no pretensions.
A x baltasat, (fem.) Clamorous, noisy.
A G baltaz79, Eloquent. Bold.
A : Men, people. Stammering.
ru-4 billis, Name of a medecine.
A J balsk, A wide extent of stagnant water. city, i.e. Mecca. Buld, A particle of gold, silver, or lead.
A S-s Balkhat, Name of a place.
P * balkham (equivalent to J. palkhamn), A sling.
A *** balakhiyat, A tree, resembling the pomegranate, with
beautiful leaves.
P & balad, A guide, an escort, a convoy.
A * balad, A city, town, district, province, country. Habita
tion, abode. Mecca. Earth, ground (especially where it has
not been dug, nor any fire lighted). An ostrich's nest, or the
place where her eggs are hatched (whence the proverb, c- J
A." <i> azallu min baysati'l balad, More contemptible than
the egg left by the ostrich). A house. A sepulchre, a tomb, a
grave. A part of the heavens which has few stars (being, in
astrology, the twenty-first mansion of the moon, distinguished by
six stars in Sagittarius). The isthmus of the jaws, the throat
and parts adjacent. The space between the eye-brows and the
root of the nose. The breast. The palm of the hand. The
element or principle of any thing. A sign. A plummet, part
cularly such as is used at sea. Name of a town in Diyr-bakar
(Mesopotamia), and of another in Persia. er .M. The secure
A -'A' billm (or &A's billamat), A blunt sword.

>}: A * balaja, (fut. * yabluju) (The dawn) appeared.

A c- buldin, (pl. of A. balad) Cities.

A * balj, (from *) Shining forth, appearing (dawn). Open A sl baldat, A city; or the quarter where any one resides.
ing. Balaj, Separation of the eye-brows; space between them. One's country. The twenty-first mansion of the moon. A P"
A & baljat or buljat, Light. The latter part of the night, of the heavens having few stars. The space between the Y
brows and the root of the nose. ! .32. A glorious city, Con- -

just before the dawn. **) & The morning twilight, the first
stantinople. SA-3 .3.x. A superb city. Buldat, The space
appearance of aurora. Buljat, Space between the eye-brows.
between the eye-brows. &-3) _3,\!, The form of the face.
P * baljam (equivalent to rl balgham), Phlegm. A c Baldah, Name of a valley near Mecca, and of a m"

* yablahu) (The earth) dried up.

# A 2" balaha, (fut. tain near Jaddah. Bildah, Fat, corpulent (woman).
** baldam (or *3. balsam), The most prominent part s
A 2" balh (from *). Drying up (the ground). Passing,
A

the breast and throat, and that part of the wind-pipe which *
being lost (shame). Unripe dates (being in the middle state connected with the breast. The projecting part of the th' of
between J- busr and J- khalal, which signify also unripe
dates in different stages). Bulah, (An eagle, or vulture) be a horse. The top of the wind-pipe.
A &ce's baldamat (from ** o), Being silent from fear.
coming blind from age.
A 2* balahlah, A dish without a bottom. P sl Baldah, Eve, the first woman.
A ..s baladry, Belonging to a city.

A 2'-' balkh or bilkh, Proud, haughty, exalting one's self, Aj. bilis, Plump, fat, thick. Short. Slender (woma).
elated. A kind of oak. A gourd. Balkh, One of the capitals Au- bils, The ashes of alkali. Balas, Wicked, profig
(man). A kind of white fig, or a fruit resembling it in Arabia
of Khursn (Transoxania), about ten parasangs or leagues from
 *!)
\-"
Felix. Bulus, (pl. of L* balas) Hair-cloths, sacks. Bulus,
balis, or buls, Lentils.
A * bilsm, The pleurisy.
A J- balasan, The balsam-tree. Balsam. Balm of Gilead.
* -- bilist, A span.
r - balask, An iron spit. A span. Balisk, A swallow.
A balsak, An herb which they make use of to take the
hairs out of milk.
p e- bulsun, A lentil, or any pulse similar to it.
* ~! balasht or (~! palasht), Impure. Carrion.
A v4 bils (or &al balasat), A bird that lays green eggs.
A ** bilsam (from * Q), Running away.
J- balasus or bullasus, Name of a bird.
A.
AA ball (from al.), Strewing, or paving with, stones. Balt
or bult, (A camel or sheep) labouring under a distemper in the
udder, the milk dropping incessantly. Bulut, Deserters.
reja, baltwan, Beet, spinage.
A*, bultat, Astone, such as houses are paved with. A
house. The pavement. An unexpected thing. A hill. A shower.
Name of a place in Arabia.
A J 4", a bilu-i allah taeila', By the favour of God.
*s balaza, (fut. s Jablatu) He swallowed.
** balat, (from **) Swallowing, devouring. Consuming,
absorbing, destroying. Rendering invisible, making to dis
appear. Perforating, piercing. Bale or bulae, A hole in the
centre of mill-stones or pullies. Bulae, A glutton. s Ax~
said-i bulat, The twenty-third mansion of the moon (distin
guished by two stars, the one bright, the other faint, as if de
voured by the other).
A w Bal, A man's name.
A * Balaam, (Heb. pyhn) Balaam the soothsayer.
p Jral balaabidan, To swallow, to devour, to consume.
A& buleat (or t), The hole in the centre of a mill-stone.
A ---, balas, Fat, relaxed from corpulency.
g'
A&al balasat, Fat (woman). Corpulency, a relaxed habit.
A v balas, A fat camel.
Au-al. bulus or balas, Latus pubis. Pubes.
A Jal balaak, A species of date.
A& bakak, A she-camel having loose flesh, old, gross,
andstooping. A stupid contemptible man. A kind of date.
A t bulatlat, A bird with a long neck.
A*, balam, A glutton, one who greedily devours. Bul
tum (or buleum), The gullet. A white spot on an ass's lip.
A& balamat (from * o), Devouring greedily.
*A& balagha, (fut. t: yablughu) He attained.
At balgh, The scope, end, object, purpose. t 4!) 2.
"unru'llah balgh, The command of God was the object, or it
was the will of God. t y s- e. Wallahumma sam& la balgh,
O God, let not that be confirmed which is heard! God forbid!
287 <&
* * * ; :
(A common mode of expression when any disagreeable news is
related). $ c- ahmaku bilghu, Completely stupid. $4. 2
$4. bilghu milghu, Talking foolishly or obscenely.
A \ bulagh, (pl. of 84. baligh) Eloquent (men).
Py Bulghar, Bulgaria. Perfumed leather. See J -
P < * bulghk, Clamour, altercation.
Ar Balghabar (for f 2-), Name of a tribe.
a & bulghat, A little. Sufficient to sustain life.
P & bulghad, A heap, a pile.
P & balughdah, Fetid, addled. Bulughdah, Heaped up.
te, t Balghird, Belgrade.
r &&. bulghushnah, A running knot, a noose.
Arr balgham, Phlegm, catarrh.
A J balgham?y, Phlegmatic.
P ** bulghund, A heap.
r_< * bulghundar, A man of no religion.
* *** balghandah, A knapsack, a wallet, a load for a man's
back. Stopped (circulation of blood). Bulghundah, Heaped up.
A *** balghandah, A servant (male or female). A clothes
press or chest. A truss or package of linens, silks, &c. A beetle
used by bleachers and washers of clothes; also, a rope, with
which they tie linens together when washing.
rx. bulghur (or A. bulghur), Bruised barley or wheat.
P . balghunah, Thought, meditation. Bulghunah, Paint
for the face (especially of yellow colour).
P c bulaghn, Misfortune. Danger. Perfection, end.
P & buluftah, Embers, fire not extinguished.
P,. s balfakhtan, To gain, to acquire.
P *A. balarakhj, Filthy, foul, impure.
* - bulunsar, Cubebae, a kind of drug.
ck balaka, (fut. Jyabluku) He made haste.
:}: A
A c balak, Variety of colour (especially black and white).
A tent of goat-hair cloth. Slight madness. A door, a gate. The
curtain of a door. Marble (from the variety of its colours). A
kind of pellucid stone, found in Arabia Felix. (from C.) Open- -
ing the whole (gate). Deflowering a woman. Shutting up.
A t balk, (fem, of J ablak), Varied, black and white.
Name of a city, of a fountain, and of a horse.
Aj. bulkr, Red Russia leather. Called also j's bulghar.
A & bulkat, Variety, mixture of colour.
A t balkat (or balkatat), Anuncultivated, uninhabited
country. A tomb. A woman destitute of every good quality.
A c balkatiy, Bright-pointed (spear).
-s, balkandar, Reproach. Bulkandar, Faithless,
Ai's bilkt, Short. A kind of bird.
P \ bulkiy, A dish made of boiled fruits. Name of a king.
A J-k' Balkis, Name of the queen of Sheba.
r 3 balk, Very much. A gift, present, donation, an ho
norary donative. Gain, advantage. A leaf. A standard. Arms,
 c 288
warlike apparatus. Bilk, A spark. Balki, But, however.
Bilak, First-fruits. Anything new or elegant. A gift. Adhe
siveness. Buluk, A large prominent eye.
A t buluk, The sound made when the finger is put into the
mouth, and brought out with a jerk against the cheek.
r & bulkmah, Eager, desirous, sanguine.
A & Balkasat, Name of a district in Syria.
p v bilkis, The coping of a wall,
r & bulkafd (or <!. bulgut) A bribe given to a judge.
r 3 bilkak (J bitkal, or J bulgul), Warm baths.
P c balkan, A machine for raising or throwing stones; a
balista. An iron crow. The coping of a wall.
p & bulkanj, A play, pastime, any thing ludicrous.
P & balkeh, But, however, perhaps. Moreover; besides.
P & bulgunjak, Any thing new, strange, or laughable.
A J balal, (from J. balla) Being moist. Obtaining a vic
tory. Getting or having possession of Being wicked, unjust,
tyrannical, oppressive. Committing adultery. Moisture, hu
midity. Ballal, Humid, damp (wind).
A 1. bululut, Moisture, humidity.
ray;" ballur, Crystal.
A * balam, Ajack. (from *) Wanting the male (a camel).
rv's balm, Thick, gross. A vast pile. Smooth (as the beard).
A L balm, The fourteenth night of the moon.
P z bulmj (or J bulmk), Soup, broth.
A & balmat, A single pike. Balamat, A tumour on the lips.
P Ja balma/7dan (or e--: palma/7dan), To mutter to
one's self, to be vexed, indignant, to bear with impatience.
rej balmun, A thorny plant, called in Arabic **
* <!. balmah, Great, large, diffused, prolix. The neck. The
bason of a balance, the scales. A step, a stair.
* Lp &al balmah-rish, A large beard.
P * balanj or bilinj, Measure. Quantity.
p & bulanj (for x). s- ja-i buland), A high place.
P i--: balanjsa, A kind of herb, pellitory of the wall,
parthenia, arthemisia.
r & baland, The cross beam of a door or window.
r x. buland, High, sublime, elevated, exalted, tall. x:y:
es';*j' To read with a loud voice. e.9% s A.J. To as
pire. Je & To look or behave respectfully, to admire, re- - |
vere, honour. e.9% * To elevate,
raise, exalt, aggrandize.
* s- A high place. &\- <!. ze- A most gracious or
merciful prince. jr. * .# r" A bird flying high.
r;47 * buland-khtar, Of high stars, of great fortune.
re.9) &A buland-arkn, (A fabric) raised on lofty pillars.
- p_\xi} JJ buland-iktidar, High in power.
rj' J buland-wz, Having a loud voice. In high repute.
p > <\, x' buland-bng, Having a sonorous voice.
P J: J. buland-bin, Aspiring. Spiritually minded.
*
r &\, & buland-pyah, Placed in a high situation.
P c bulandtarin, The highest.
* * * buland-jh, Exalted in dignity.
A c balandah, Short of stature. Fat.
P& ex- *... buland-hawsalah, Ambitious, aspiring.
r_* bulandar (for 5* bulandtar), Higher.
P cy bulandarin (for cl, bulandtarin), Highest.
P % * buland-kawkab, Born under a fortunate star.
P *A* buland-girdy, Aspiring.
A *** balandam, A lusty man.
* **, * buland-martabah, High in rank.
P - 2 * buland opusht, High and low; heaven and earth.
* ~ * buland-himmat, High-minded, generous.
A *** balanda', Broad, large, wide, expanded.
P ** bulandi, Sublimity, height, exaltation.
P Je bulandidan, To exalt. To be exalted.
P c-: balandn, The hinge or band of a door. The jambs,
beams, or posts of a door-way. The lintel or threshold.
A sl balanst, Akind of herb. A bird whose eggs are green.
A J-k balansa', (pl. of Sa.. balanst) Certain pot-herbs.
A balant, A kind of coarse marble.
A C-54 balankas, An open spacious way.
P ~~~~ balangmusht (or ) The wild tamarisk.
P c bulangidan, To halt, to limp.
LL--: Bilniyas, (Plinius) Pliny.
A: balis (or \, bal) (from 33), Examining, trying, making
an experiment. Doing good, acting benevolently, conferring
favours. Oppressing, distressing, treating cruelly. Making
clear, rendering evident. Being covered. Tying a camel to the
-
grave of her deceased master. Bilic, (A she-camel) spent,
emaciated with fatigue. Worn down (with care). Tired, inured
(to adversity). A steward or person who manages revenue.
r"; balca, Disturbance. Disobedience. A concourse.
rj bilic (balic, or j', balczah), The extremity of
a beam or joist, projecting beyond the wall.
r &; balwayah, A swallow.
A ~} biliit, Wehemence.
P bulutak, A drinking-vessel.
P z: baluj (or *:: paluj), Weak, languid. Stupid. Brave.
Name or
of a roving,
rovir lundering Turkoman
plundering O nation.
*** buluj, A wart. A cock's comb. A coping-ston on 3
wall or a roof. Name of a place in Persia.
A z buli.j (from *),
Dawning. Manifesting.
A bulujan, (P &la-> bulljnah), Evidently.
P z: balch, Name of a tribe of Afghns.
A c bullah, (A well) empty, by the draining of the wter.
Alienated from relations, having no correspondence or society
with them. Buluh (from g),
Being fatigued. Flowing (water).
re, bulud, Oldness, antiquity.
 & - 289
A * bulud (from als), Dwelling, residing. Establishing a
solid, permanent settlement; fighting either to gain or maintain
it. Having the eye-brows distant from each other.
f s, buludah, Old. -
rj bular, Crystal. Residence, stay. A people dwelling
in tents. Bullur, Very transparent glass.
Ay; ballawr or billawr, Beryl. Brave. Name of a king.
rj}: balz, A large table-cloth.
p L balus (or J: palus), Having a quick genius. Smooth,
sly, specious, flattering. An eloquent man, an advocate, coun
sellor, Hope, expectation. Extreme humility. Supplication,
entreaty. Deceit, flattery. A robber, a plunderer.
L L-9. Bulus (or C. Pulas), Paul (the apostle).
G J-y balustiyun, (Baxatriov) Pomegranate-flowers.
A Jy. ballaics, (equivalent to c) abu burays) (KAMUs).
Ab; ballut, An acorn. An oak. J (The ground
oak) the herb germander, chamaedrys. sus (The royal oak)
a chesnut-tree. J ta' I am destitute of all assistance.
A & balut, Wide, open (mouth of a pot). Voracious.
A & bullutat, A hole in the middle of a house or a court,
into which all kind of filth is thrown; the mouth of a sewer.
A . bulugh, (from t) Arriving at any place, obtaining
an object. Consummating, terminating any thing. Arriving at
the age of puberty, the years of discretion or reason. Being at
the point of Being eloquent. Adolescence.
A . bulughiyat, Puberty, the age of reason.
A.J. bullik (from c), Making haste, going quick, making
dispatch. (A torrent) sweeping away (stones). Opening the
whole (gate). Deflowering (a virgin). Shutting. Being as
tonished, confounded. Being variegated black and white.
A &; balukat, (bulukat or J} balluk), A desert, solitude.
Plain, level, bare ground, producing nothing excepting marble.
Name of a place in Bahrayn in Arabia, supposed by the natives
to be inhabited by demons, and to be the mouth of hell.
p % balk, A cup of wine. Bulwak, A mark or butt for
arrows. A tract of country which a subject obtains either by
gift, purchase, or succession, holding of the sovereign upon feudal
tenure. A small body of men. Name of a bird. Bulak, Ca
mel's dung. A lark.
P<2% bulukat (or J% bulkn), Peoples, nations.
s
A.J. bull, An evil deed.
P J% balun, A chaplet, garland. A gorget. A handkerchief.
A road, a way. Bulun, A servant, a slave.
**@, balunak (or . balnah), A wooden sword. Rhetorical and eloquent.
A balwa, Experiment, trial. Temptation. Affliction.
A balawiy, One of the Arabian tribe of Kudaat.
t P &\ ballghanah, Eloquently.
#A 4. baliha, (fut. * yablahu) He was silly.
*
A 4. bulh, (pl. of all ablah) Weak, ignorant (men).
A 4. balah (from al), Being weak, silly, simple, ignorant,
J
unskilful. Being bashful. Being careless of actions or be
haviour, yet knowing what is right, and meaning well.
A al balha, Let alone, meddle not. Besides, except. t all
balha m, Besides that. Balha, Yes, indeed, certainly.
A \ balh, (fem. of all ablah) Simple, silly, weak (women).
Py balhr, An ancient title among the Indian princes, equi
valent to padshah, or emperor. It was borne by a monarch, to
whom the rest paid a kind of feudal obedience, whose residence
was on a mountain called likewise Balhr. He ruled over the
kingdoms of Kashmir, Tibet, Barantola, and other countries of
the Northern Indies, called by some writers Turki-Hind, or
Turkey of India.
H & 4 bilah-band, Settlement, regulation.
A J. Balhak, Name of a place.
A & bulhaniyat, An easy life free from care.
A L bily, (A she-camel) emaciated and worn out (with fa
tigue). Oppressed, extenuated (with grief or care). Tried,
tempted, afflicted. A manager of revenue, a steward. Bala',
Yes, indeed, certainly, surely. Bila, (from J) Becoming
old or worn (a garment). Bally, The Arabian tribe of Kudaat.
A cl baliyt, (pl. of & baliyat) Misfortunes, griefs, trials.
pel balyd, A plain garment.
rj balyr, An elegant garment.
re Bilyn, Name of a prophet; also of a village.
A J bilayan, One who departs nobody knows where. Men
dispersed in disorder, without chief, guide, or leader. J 28
(or J), One who goes to an unknown place.
A. c Billiyn, Name of a place in Arabia.
A 3.), baliyat, Temptation. Sorrow, misfortune. Any thing
worn out by constant use. A camel which the Arabs in times of
Paganism were wont to fasten beside the grave of her deceased
master, and there leave to perish; that in the resurrection he
might be enabled to ride to the place of judgment, and not be
compelled to go on foot, which was considered disgraceful.
A c- bai, Tedious in conversation, hesitating in speech.
A hare. Billit, A man of taciturnity. A wise man.
r bilij, Quantity, measure. A span.
A*}." Al baikh, Name of a river at Rakka.
"A MA, baid, Stupid, doltish, one who cannot by any means
be stimulated to exertion.
r JA-4 bilishdil, Tranquility of mind.
A ** balagh, Eloquent. Effectual, efficacious. Mature.
Numerous, copious. ** J- A great effort. t: **
J
e) t 2 e-V) ** An
ambassador with a flowing tongue, and eloquent expression.
A G bulayk, The mame of a swift but despised horse (hence
a proverb expressive of any one who behaves well and yet is
blamed, A G ** 2 G* 5, Bulayk runs, yet is despised).
2 P
 c 290
A Jl balil (and & bailat), A humid wind, cold and rainy.
A watery atmosphere. A rainy season.
r). Ball, Name of Muhammad mentioned in the Gospel.
A * balilah (or * balilaj), Belleric myrobalan.
PA A. bam (or * bamm), The bass part in music. A bass viol.
The bass or lowest string, having the deepest tone. A deep sound
(as that of the large pipes of an organ, or a drum). Beating
the head. Bamm, Name of a country.
A - bima (or \ bi m), So that. How ! in what manner
A * bumm, (for bum) An owl.
P \ ba m, To us.
A \ bi m, So that. How? With that which, notwithstanding.
A Gu bi ms, In which To which : Why?
P J ba mn, (from J* mandan), Remain thou, stay.
f sv ba mndah, Fixed. Tired, fatigued, spent.
AP e, s bi or ba mujarrad, Immediately, instantly, p < **
> Je ba mujarrad-i didan-i 5, At the bare sight of him.
AA ,& bi madd-i nazr, As far as the eye can reach.
Pej bam radan, To strike any one on the head.
Aut bi masht, In winter-quarters.
P &T Ja ba maena ankeh, To the intent that.
A \i-s bi muktaza, In conformity with.
P <! bamang, Affliction, distress.
p c--: bamangidan, To murmur. To be afflicted. To
perish. To be buried. To set (as the sun).
P&-> ba mucajahah, In presence of, face to face.
t ba muhr, Sealed. JJ ~$ A sealed bag.
Puz bami, The bass in music.
*J. ban, A garden, a field, a vineyard. Harvest. The
bottom of any thing. Amus. Meat or fish eaten with bread.
A certain fruit (called also cy, wan).
A c ban (equivalent to J. bal), But.
A c bin (for J.' ibn, occurring between two proper names)
A son. 4) are g bin abdillah, A son of a servant of God (a
name given by Muhammadans to apostate Christians who em
brace the Muslim religion).
Pe bun, Root, basis, foundation. Extremity, point, end,
tip (of any thing). J .c. The arm-pit (or root of the arm).
w le. Tearing up by the roots, eradicating. us rer' The
tip of the nose. The root or higher part of the nose next to the
eyebrows. evle zer! The ground. e e-8 Jse ze'
To sleep upon the ground. To keep watch, erse.J. The
extremity or hem of a garment. c9; & The root and founda
tion. J \s;- khurma-bun, A palm-tree. The pith of a palm
tree. A cluster of dates.
*A c banna, (fut. J yabinnu) He remained (in a place).
A U' binn, Fat. e: Je: bin tala' binn, Fat upon fat (one
good thing upon another). Bunn, Coffee-berries. A kind of
beverage made from wheat or barley.
A \ bin (from J), Building, erecting an edifice. Con
ferring favours. Giving orders for a bride to be conducted
home. Exhibiting her decked out. Going in unto (a wife).
(in gram.) Being indeclinable (built). Being similarly inflected
(the concluding foot of each stanza in a poem). An edifice,
fabric, structure, building. Conjugation. P J \ To build,
erect, rear, lay a foundation. A Bina, With, by, for, to us.
A. bann, A builder. *A*, \ bann o krgar, Builder
and workman. JV- > \ banna o mitmr, Architect and builder.
A 3-, bina-an, Nigh, near, alike. -
PA: banbar, Because. c- banabar-an, Because of
that, therefore. Jz bandbar-in, Because of this, wherefore.
r &\ banabah, A time, a turn.
A s bunt, (pl. of J.' ibn) Sons.
A -u- banat, (pl. of ~ bint) Daughters. A-le
(Daughters of the sea) Syrens. Je (Daughters of the
earth) Rivulets. L ..u. Truffles. AM) u Events, cir
Cumstances. c ,-u Name of certain hills in Arabia, cow
Lute-strings. s-c cou. Name of certain villages in
Syria celebrated for their wine. <-- ...t (The daughters of
grass) the tender herbage. Jel) cu. The constellation of
the bear (as having the stars scattered, in opposition to the
Pleiades where they cluster). Jy, ,<>u Name of a medicine.
II -- bandt, Woollen cloth, broad-cloth.
Aje banadir, (pl. of J& bandar) Sea-ports.
A spel banadirat, (pl. of r_\x... bun-dr) Firm, rooted.
A Jew banadik, (pl. of J bunduk) Musquets.
A st banadik, Square segments of cloth, gussets.
s Lw- Banris, (s Varanasi) Benares.
P c- bandrinj, A shepherd, a pastor.
P --~~ banasab (~~~~ or ~~), Turpentine.
A re- bandsir, (pl. of Pa binsir) The ring-fingers.
A 4-4- t bind-a alayhi, Therefore, wherefore, accordingly.
A banagh, Thread twisted round a spindle. A secretary, **
a notary. See also g bananj. 's.
*A* band far, An architect, a builder.
Av bankis, (pl. of L bunks) The tops of melons.
*A*- bina-gar (or bina-kar), A builder, a mason.
PLy bind-gsh, The cavity behind the ear, or the lower s
part of the ear. J JyL. bina-gshkardan, To raise the
uvula of a new-born babe. To submit, to obey.
'4%
Pal banm, Celebrated, famous. Ba nm, In the name.
Bi nm, Of the same name. Synonymous. (Burhn-i Ktia).
r-s ba namizad, (An expression of admiration) In the s
name of God! O Heaven! How beautiful! Charming! Excellent!
A J bann, The finger. The tips of the fingers.
A &\. bananat, The tip of the finger. Bunanat, A delight
ful garden, a pleasant mead. A woman's name.
*
 <-->
-
291
r bannj, A second wife among the Muhammadans, in
rep of another whom the husband had before married.
ty; bun-awar, Any thing radical, having a foundation or
basis. A sore called a felon.
** binawand, Restraining, confining.
A& ban-ik, (pl. of 3:4 banikat) Gores of shifts, or any
triangular pieces of stuff, inserted into garments, in order to en
large their circumference.
p\, bamb, A dish composed of the fruit c ban.
r_< bambar, Name of an Indian medicine.
A -- bambak or bumbak, A fish which bites men through
the middle (perhaps a shark).
r J- bambal, A sour apple, a crab. Acidity.
A&A bannat, The odour of the dung of deer when they feed Jj A. band-i shahr-yar, Name of a note in music.
on flowers. Binnat, Odour, flavour (whether good or bad).
A c-, bint, A daughter, a girl. This word like 3." abit and
umm is frequently employed with other substantives in form
ing the rhetorical figure metonymy: as J) C- (Daughter
of the earth) Mud, clay. A rivulet. L=} --- (or *) -->4)
The syren (daughter of the sea, or of the water). J- <-v
(Daughter of the mountain) Echo. --!" - (Daughter binder of enemies, a conqueror. A e miyn-band, A girder
of the lips) Speech. --~~) -- or ex~) c-c (Daughter of of the loins, a belt. & Jaj na&l-band, A blacksmith, a farrier.
the grape) Wine. c c-c (Daughter of the eye) Tears.
As) --~ (Daughter of reflexion) Prudence. Advice. Poetry.
-4 (Daughter of the vine) Wine. ," c- or ,-
J- (Daughter of death) The fever. c <!-- (Daughter
of brightness) Flame, fire. Boiling water.
P buntumah, Missletoe, missledine.
* G! bintly, Daughter-like, becoming a daughter.
A & banj, A woman whose husband has another wife. Hen
bane, a soporific herb. Binj, Root, origin, stock, family.
** binj (or t pin), A coat-button.
Pst banjarah, A dealer in grain who supplies armies in
the field. Waste-land.
c p s * banj-i dashti, The thorn-apple.
*** binjak (or << punjak), Carded cotton.
A ~sisi, banjanjust, (P ~~ &) Cinquefoil.
"e banjdan (or c-s panchidan), To be familiar,
friendly, to assist. To break or cut into pieces, to divide, to
bruise, to dash. To do, to make. To rise.
p ** bunichah, A corporate body of artificers, or mechanics.
** banah, (from c) Falling in bits (meat). Bunuh, Gifts.
**}s- 29, bun-i khoshah, The stalk of grapes or of corn.
** band, A band, ligament, ligature, bandage, chain, shac
He etter, manacle. A knot, joint, belt, or any thing by which
bodies are joined,bound, or fastened together. A joint of the
finger, knee, or any other part. A mound, dam, dike, cause
*y or any inclosure of water. A lock. An iron plate. A
*rope. A yoke (of oxen). The handle of a knife, the hilt
C
of a sword. A quantity of paper equal to ten dastah (4-9).
A roll (of parchment). A poem or song, the rythm or burden of
which is often repeated. Durance, captivity. Affliction, sor
row. A pledge, a deposit. Oath, treaty, agreement. Hope,
expectation, desire. Idea. Imposture, deceit, hypocrisy. Ca
lumny, slander. A twist, a manoeuvre in wrestling. A share
of spoil. A vineyard. Quicksilver. A kite. Name of a
country. (imp. of c- bastan) Bind thou. ~ : * band
o bast, A settlement or agreement for the payment of revenue,
&c. Military discipline. ~<! A. band-i angusht, The
knuckle. e e- band-i jn kashidan, To be violently
in love. J.A.& A. band shudan, To be bound, restrained, pro
hibited, prevented. -- ~ band-i shimshir, A sword-belt.
A.
Jers; band farmudan, To put in prison. J J band kar
dan, To bind, to tie. To compose. J s py-band, Fetters,
When added to some nouns it implies a maker, causer, con
triver, artificer, &c. & &- hilah-band, A contriver of fraud,
a deceiver, a cheat. A 3-e dibajah-band, One who makes
an exordium or preface, a beginner. A 2&c &aduw-band, A
& J mak!-band, A composer of narrations, a writer of his
tory or books in general.
A & band, A large standard, a banner. A legion, or body
of 10,000 men. A stratagem. A pawn at chess. New wine.
r "A+ bandah, An island. A joint.
r el- bundad, A wall. A foundation. A prop. Origin.
F_\x2 bun-dr, Firm, solid, fundamental, certain, established.
Knowing, intelligent. Rich, possessing warehouses, granaries,
or other repositories. A forestaller, regrater, engrosser; who
ever lays up any thing in magazines, in order to enhance the
price; also a dealer in slaves or horses, who sets them off to ad
vantage, in order to sell them dearer. Name of an ancient poet.
P -5'- bandari, A particle of similitude.
G ex~. bandiilun, (IIeytpwaxoy) Cinquefoil.
P J'' bandak, A kind of high mitre-like cap worn by the
dervishes, or kalandars.
rj-ee- band-amir, The river Araxes. Name of an em
bankment near Shirz.
-
P Js A. band-i dham in, An iron chain.
P J band-baz, Rope-dancing.
P J J band bagri, A species of herb.
P **** bandbyijah, The stalk of wheat, barley (or rather
the straw, chaft, beards, &c.). The ring of a horse-check orbit,
to which the reins are fastened. An eye or hole in a tent, into
which the pole enters.
r &\-y band-khnah, A prison, a house of captivity.
P --; bundukht, The face, the countenance.
r ex4 bundad (for ex- bundad), A root. A foundation.
2 P 2
 292
Py bandar, A city, an emporium; a port, harbour, a trad
ing town, to which numbers of foreign merchants resort. A
passage, a narrow pass, a place adapted for ambuscade.
Pjj94 bandaraz (or 32 y.. bandaritz), A packing-needle.
P 39A. bandar-gh, A port. An emporium. A pass.
P #2, bandrugh, A large kneading-trough. A dam or
barrier, either to form a reservoir of water, or to divert its course.
P U** bandash, Carded cotton. Bandish, Termination, re
solve. Fastening. Engraving, enchasing. Invention, con
trivance. The preparing a false story, making up a false ac
count of a transaction. Elegance of style.
rlas A. band-i shatranj, Check at chess.
PJ- banduk (or J banduk), A filbert-nut. A musket,
firelock. A cannon or musket-ball; also any ball which is shot
from cross-bows, balistas, &c. x J An Indian nut.
e- J banduk shikastan, To smack the lips in kissing.
P &#x2' bandukah, A little ball. A round stone. A drachm.
r 34 bandak, Cotton cleansed of the seed.
re-s band-kushd, A joint, a ligament.
P & band-kashah, A bolt, a bar. Servitude.
re- bandagn, Bondmen, servants, slaves. Us! J A raz binsir, The ring-finger.
Sincere servants. <2, i- Je- Servants of God.
P s band-gh, A joint (of the body). Place (of a joint).
PJ- bandagi, Servitude, ministry, devotion. Compliment.
*A* band-gir, A very fine cement made of chalk, with
oil and cotton, or ox-hair, employed in the construction of baths.
A large beam, the main support of a house. Name of a tree.
p ex bandan, To bind, fasten. To propose, design, desire.
P ;49- band-nyjah, Litter from vegetable stalks.
per-r Bandanjin, Name of a place in Persia.
re)-se ze bun-i dandan, The gums. Submission, obedience.
Purpose, intention. A treasure, a store.
P & & bandinah (or 4-c bandimah), A coat-button.
p :- bandu, The tike. The canker-worm.
P \,- bandaica, Acid. Name of a certain bitter plant.
P 2 J bando bast, A settlement for rent or taxes.
PU2-, 3 & band o basti, Belonging to a settlement. A fine.
A s bandidat, Podex et pudenda viri.
P_3& bandar, Imagination, fancy. Bundur, Packthread.
P 29- bandurugh or bandiwargh, A dam, a wear.
Pj bundoz (or j, x' pundos), A large packing-needle.
P Jy banduk, A musquet.
P J- bandukchi, A musqueteer.
P* bandah, Bound, fastened, fixed, chained. Included,
contained, shut up. A servant, slave, bondman, domestic. *
j\xi~ : A servant without power, a most humble servant. **
*Sj The slave of (your) threshold. Jelas-) Je 3.x: (for
Jals $3.) A most devoted and affectionate servant. $2.
e obeying commands, subject to the orders, obedient, ob
sequious. J 4- 3 ' To bind and oblige.
c
PJ22 s bandah-parwar, Cherisher of servants (a respect
ful expression used in addressing a superior).
r &\s-s bandah-khnah, The house of (your) servant, i.e.
my house (used when speaking to a superior).
P se; s.v., bandah-zdah, Son of your slave, i.e. my son.
P}\; 3.x: bandah-nawaz, Kind to servants.
p s bandi, Bound, chained. A Muhammadan captive.
p e! bandiyn, Prisoners, captives.
P &\s bandi-khanah, A house of bondage, a prison.
Pe- bandidan, To bind. To shut up, to confine.
P & X. bandishah, Imagination, fancy.
P & X. bandinah (or && bandimah), A coat-button.
P ey- bun-rn, (The root of the thigh) The groin.
A U. banas (from U-3), Shunning, avoiding (evil).
P &\-- bunsalah, Old, worn-out.
ne-- bans-lachan,Gllar) The sugar of Bambu.
A Cc banash (from U-3), Being remiss, negligent.
P c-- binshakhtan, To place, to erect.
P es- binshandan, To make sit. To plant, to erect.
re- banishin, (imp. of c-- nishastan) Sit down.
Ag vla. (J Bahr-i) Buntush, (IIvro;) The Sea of Pontus.
A c- bantiyn, A shrew, a scold, a brawling woman.
AA- banzar or bunzar, An excrescence, a caruncle.
p g-- banasaj, (or 4- banafsah), A violet. Violet-colour.
A 4-k bi nasihi, In person, himself. Identically.
P & banafshah, Violet. Violet-colour. se; * Purple.
P * e: banafshah-gun-i tram, The purple sky.
# A C., banaka, (fut. G yabnuku) He arrived.
A & binakat, The upper opening of the shirt at the breast.
A gore in a woman's shift. A gusset.
A U-2- bunkus, The top of a melon.
P & bankah, A grain resembling a lentil.
p J-3, bunk, The bark of the Egyptian thorn. Banak, A
sort of fruit. A kind of satin. A pimple. Drops of sw"
the face. Bunak, A shrub. A sign, a vestige.
A & bunk, The root, origin, best, or soundest part of any
thing. An hour of the night. Nascaptha, an odoriferous root.
A binkam (for P c- pingn), A cup, goblet, or *
A vessel perforated in the bottom for measuring time, by admit
ting or dropping the water through the orifice. A dwelling.
P ej bunkarn, Anything burnt in a pot. -
P c-- bunkushidan, To swallow without masticating.
P & bunkulak, A rose-bush. A sort of fruit.
P e- bun-kan, A hoe, a weeding-hook.
r- banka, Cotton-seed.
P JK- Bankill, Bencoolen.
P *.e. bun-i kh, The basis or foot of a mountain. Je
bun-i khi, A kind of medicinal berry with a greenish husk.
 3-2
r = 6., bang, An inebriating, maddening draught, made of
hemp-leaves, hemlock, henbane, opium, or masloc. An allure
ment, bait, enticement. c-- ce & To allure, to entice.
P 4. Banglah,The kingdom of Bengal in Hindstn, called
likewise ...!" e-jannatu'l bild, The paradise of regions.
p c bingn, A goblet. A cup. A bason.
r- bangh (or s pungh), A tent, a moveable cottage
or dwelling. Baggage, luggage, moveables. A magazine. An
iron chest. Tribes, families. s 2j br o bangh, Moveables,
tents, household furniture, and utensils.
bangar, An agreement for clearing lands.
p <& & banag-rang, The asthma. Asthmatical.
P bangarah, A song to quiet babes, a lullaby. Bingarah,
Spinning thread.
rv- Bangish, Name of a country. Bungush, Deglutition.
re bungushtan, To swallow without masticating.
"J'a bungul, Name of a certain tree and fruit.
Bangalor, The city of Bangalore in Mysore.
& bangalah, Ofor belonging to Bengal, as the language,
P
&c. A thatched house of the first class (in English a bungalow).
bangu, Seed of flea-wort.
Je: bun-i gsh, The soft part of the ear.
P Respectful at
tention, submission.
P & bungah, A load, a pack. A place where money or goods
are deposited. J & bunga-i atish, A fire-temple.
*
-
A J- bangi, One who inebriates himself with ce: q.v.
h Je's ban ghn, Wild wheat.
rel- bunlad, A foundation, a basis. A prop. A wall.
r- banlikah, A gore, a gusset.
Pe bunmin, (in ancient Persian) A son.
.* P A. banand (or * panand), An unknown number.
*} band, Harvest. A garner, a store-room.
Aj banu, (pl. of c" ibn) Sons, posterity. Ji- 3- band asar,
The posterity of Esau; (a name by which the Arabian historians
distinguish the Greeks and Romans, whom they suppose to be
of Idumean descent). --~~);- Sons of the cross, Christians.
A w- banu' l jnn, The children of angels. (These are
considered as the same with those whom Moses calls D'mst n
bene ha' Elohim, The children of God, or the angels).
"e- ban-win, The superintendant or bailiff of a farm.
A $4 bunawat, Filiation, sonship.
A 954 bunlid, (pl. of A: band) Royal standards, banners. Le
gions of 10,000 men. ,-]) < Full of deceit, teeming with evil.
* J banwardan, Wild berries.
Pl banawrah, A foundation, a basis.
**** bunu-surkh, Alentil.
p *~ ;- bunu-siyah, Pease, pulse.
*\ ba narrai, In such a manner as:
* <! banak, Warmth with festivity, gladness, joy; walking
: or moving briskly. 44 banuk kirm, A lizard.
2 93 G
P J* * buna-msh, A species of black bean, or vech.
A ex banian, (pl. ofe ibn) Sons, J 5 JU, ml wa ba
nun, Wealth and children, any thing dear. -
p als buni-nakhlah, A kind of wild vetch.
p A, binawand, Any thing kept (as water in a jar).
p s banah, A barn, a grange.
A 52- banawiy, Filial. -
P & bunah, A dunghill, soil. A slender rope. Bunah or bun
nah, Family, domestics. Household furniture. A wardrobe.
Travelling. Foundation, bottom, basis. A place.
A & bannah, The smell of the dung of deer, especially when
pasturing upon flowering herbage.
A 32 binnah, Odour, flavour, smell (good or bad).
re- & bunah bastan, To pack up, to set off on a journey.
A s bani, (oblique pl. of e!" ibn) Sons. re J.- The sons
of Adam, men, mortals t J- bani Nh, The sons of Noah,
mankind. Bumayy, (dim. of c ibn) A young son. J \, y
bunayya', O my little son! J) al bunni, A species of fish.
* J bany, (ban? y or * banyat) (from us); Building,
rearing. Bestowing and confirming favours. Baniy, A build
ing, a structure; any thing constructed. (Binyat) bina or (bun
yat) buna', A fabric. The structure of the human frame.
P' bany, Victuals which people carry into the country.
A c-!) Al bunayyt, Name of a place in Mecca.
re- bunyad, A foundation, a basis. A fabric. A wall. Ju
J% bunyad kardan, To lay a foundation, to build.
*A*- bunyad-gar, A builder.
A e- bunyan, A wall, a rampart. A fabric, building, edi
fice. An inclosure. Root, basis. Name of a certain cistern of
brackish water which on the mission of Muhammad became sweet.
e- <-- takidat bunyan, Loyal. Faithful. Peel; e
bunyan nihdan, To lay a foundation, to build.
A & binyat, Form, mode, manner, nature of the construction
or formation of any creature. Binyat or bunyat, A structure.
The constitution or construction of the human body. !" ***
Sound in body. Baniyat, A building, structure. The temple
of Mecca. ,<!" * A medicinal composition, a draught.
* ** banich, A garment.
P & bunchah, A joint company of artizans, c-, *s-,
bunchah bastan, To wind up an account.
r biniz, Never. Also. Haste. Powerful. God forbid!
A J. J.- Bani Tayy, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A 3.2% J- bani Fatimah, The children of Fatima, i.e. the
descendants of Muhammad.
A & banikat, The gore of a woman's shift, or any kind of
oblong triangular piece of cloth inserted into a garment to give
to it a greater circumference, or adapt it to any particular shape.
The upper orifice of a shirt, or opening at the breast. e
banikatni, Two small circles or hairy stars upon horses' throats.
 \ 294
P & banikah, Agusset.
r 3 banik, Raw silk.
P Cr banysh, Hear or listen thou.
P J-r banyushidan, To hear, to listen.
P }, bi (b or s boy), Odour, smell, flavour, fragrance,
scent, perfume. Hope. The flesh of the mountain-goat. (for
; butcad), He may be. (for buteam), I may be x
tambar-bit, Fragrant as ambergris.
A38 bit (for 2) abu), A father. -** vil affab, (Father
of admiration) A wonderful thing. A leap, spring, dance.
Js): bu'l hawas, (Father of desire) Curious. Libidinous.
A man who lives well. A fool.
A ; batcw, The foetus of a young camel. The skin of a suck
ing camel's colt, stuffed with straw, and placed before the mo
ther, which she supposes to be alive, and either gives milk
plentifully, or suckles another colt. Ashes, embers, cinders.
t A
Barw (fem. 83) bawwat, Foolish, silly.
! A s baw-a (from su), Returning. Incurring the Divine
displeasure. Being equal (as blood for blood). Going. Con
versing with a woman. Confessing.
P baw (for 'e' bada), Be it so
A": bawa (from -\), Equalling, taking an adequate revenge
by retaliation. Equality, parity, retaliation. ** ": e Blood
for blood. Baw, Name of a place, the resort of lions.
A \}. (235-jawz-i) buwa, A nutmeg,
A ~); bawwab, A porter, a janitor. , e; re": bawica
bn-i Sarrn-sar, Porters with heads (i.e. caps) of gold.
A &\; biwabat, The office of a porter.
A J-'; bawwabiy, Belonging to the office of porter.
A ">} bawahan, Openly, publicly.
A e; batcd (from ex), Perishing, dying. Going away,
departing from friends,
Aje bawadir, The fleshy parts between the neck and shoul
ders (in men and animals). (pl. of je badirat) Violent emo
tions of the soul (particularly in anger).
A bawd, (pl. of 39, badiyat) Uninhabited deserts.
: A t bawazikh, (pl. of t bsikh) High (mountains).
A_\}. bawr (from_x), Perishing. Being spoiled. Laying
waste. Ruin, destruction, perdition. Badness of markets, when
a merchant cannot dispose of his goods. (A woman) remaining
at home, unasked and unmarried. Uncultivated fields. J
J) drul bawr, The house of perdition, i. e. Hell.
A t: bawrih, (pl. of c brih) Hot winds.
P bawrid, A kind of dish made of bread boiled in new
wine, vinegar, &c. Biwrad, Acidity, tartness.
A 2), bawrid, (pl. of sej baridat) Cold (things). ~\r,
murhaft-i bawrid, Death-giving swords.
P & ); bawrigh, A chair for a lying-in woman.
- Q-33
A J); bawrik, (pl. of J.A. brik or u brikat) Flashing
(clouds). Glittering (swords).
A batcarz, (pl. of - bar:) Reeds; mats made of them.
A. J}} bawazil, (pl. of J% bazil) (Camels) having the an
terior or lateral teeth projecting. -
A g." Albatcazzj, Name of a place.
P J batcas, Affliction, calamity, misfortune.
P Js"; Bu is-hak, Name of a tribe; of a turquoise-mine
at Nishabr; of a king, and of a person eulogized by Hfiz.
P <!--!> ba wasitah, Because, on account of, by means of
Az-> bawasir, (pl. of 25-9 bsr) Emerods, piles.
P <\; batcashah, A square machine for winnowing grain.
A s bawaziz, (pl. of &\ bzirat) Flocks of sheep, herds
of cattle. Wounds from whence the blood drops, but does not flow.
A Butcat, Name of a place.
A J batcatin, (pl. of &\ btinat) Interior parts.
--": batczis, (pl. of --~". bts) Causes, motives,
AA; baickir, (pl. of 's bakir) Cows, oxen, black-cattle.
AJ: bawaki, (pl. of & bkiyat) Weepers, mourners.
A. J} buwal, A continual discharge of urine.
A e-: bu'l has an, The father of Hasan, i. e. Ally.
*A*, bu'l khajdar, A profane, impious wretch.
A s bawalia, (pl. of *** bulliigat) Common sewers, the
top-holes of sinks, or drains, into which filth is thrown.
A : bl tajab, Miracles, wonders. A fool, a buffoon.
r <!';
p
Jbu'lkafand
bifusil (or
(or A);
-b'rkafa),
ksim)A An idle-talker.
bribe to a judge.
P t: bu'lkanj (or st), Curious. Libidinous. A
man who lives well. Anything playful, Iudicrous, or ridiculous.
p J- bu'l hawas 7, Folly. Sensuality. Curiosity.
P J; bawan, A narrow pass between mountains.
A cy; biwn or buwn, A tent-pole. A piece of wood which
supports the curtain at the door of the tent.
Ae); Bawican, Name of a place.
A &\; Buwanah, Name of a place.
A. As; bawahid, Evils, misfortunes.
A 4-s bi wahimah, In fear of, for fear.
A c daw-ik, (pl. of &ff's b-ikah) Evils, calamities, mis
fortunes. Injuries, oppressions.
A bawa-ik, (pl. of 39 b-ik) Young fat camels.
A e': baica-in, (pl. of J bayn) Wells large and deep.
P bub (equivalent to cviab), A rich carpet.
A --> bu-ab, A species of horses, short and full of flesh, with
a long step.
P bb, A kind of meat. Goat's flesh.
A s bubt, A desert, solitude. S Name of a mountain.
put, b bash, Ancient, perpetual, everlasting.
PJ --> bub-andin, The king's palace. A tent.
 **
r2: bbar (or 92; bbardak), A nightingale.
rv bi-barkish, The chameleon.
ro bilbard, The nightingale.
re 8 bit bardan, To get scent of, to be apprized of.
rv bilbash, A lapwing. Desire. A comb.
p t bilbak, A virgin. A lapwing.
AA; Bu bikr (for K"), The father-in-law of Muhammad.
A}} bu-bu-a, The pupil of the eye, the image of any exter
nal object reflected from it. Root, origin. Glory, ornament.
The middle or principal part of any thing. A nobleman, a gran
dee, a polite, well-bred man. Ingenious, intelligent. The or
namented head of a little box, in which they keep a kind of
black collyrium, called J kuhl, with which they tinge the eye
lids. *}} 3 He is in the eye-ball, or pinnacle of glory.
** }} > huwa bu-bu-a dahrihi, He is the glory of his age.
*:::: bb (&x bubah), A lapwing; also its cry. Desirous.
**}x bilbigah, A comb. A lapwing.
A, buwat, A hawk, a falcon. -
P' but (equivalent to *: pd), Cloth in the loom.
A G! but, Name of a tree.
P Gy bota, A young camel.
A s butati, Relating to household expense.
** Batur, Name of the Khalif Ay.
A&; butakat, (from P &; bittah) A crucible.
**; butah, A crucible, melting-pot. A foetus. A butt for
*ing at. A kind of shrub. A bud. A flower. A spot.
*** lite-ikhk, The human body. Me & bittah-dr,
Having spots or flowers marked upon it (a piece of cloth).
bi, timr, Sorrow, vexation, displeasure. A heron.
A ring-dove. A miser. A palisado. Shackles. A monument,
"w, grave, tumulus. A road or mile-stone. Toil, labour.
*** baws, (from ) Enquiring. Dispersing. Disputing.
*** batj, Pride, ostentation.
At X bawi, (from x) Vexing, hurting. Baisj (or e->
baijan), Flashing of lightning. The dawn. Lassitude.
* ---> Bjsb, Name of a hero of Trn.
**; bijip, (in ancient Persian) A sort of cucumber.
" ba wahi, On any account. In a certain way.
*Ex "awch, Pomp, conceit. Bch, The inside of the mouth.
t batch, (from cx) Appearing, being evident. Illus
trating, explaining, disclosing secrets. Being fatigued. Bh,
Root, "gi". The sun. The sensitive soul. Confusion in busi
* Pudenda. Lust. --: e!" ibn bahika, Thine own son.
** withi, Zedoary.
*** (rr tarakahum) bwha', He left them prostrate.
A &: bawkh, (from & 3) Becoming quieted, pacified (rage),
extinguished (fire). Being fatigued. Bukh, Confusion in busi
* Perturbation of mind.
**x bilkht, A son.
205 __
p J-3, bakhul (J-5, pakhul and als bukhlah), Any kind
of insipid herb, as spinage, beet, &c.
r 3)-; bit khilf (Father of opposition) The devil.
r &l-2 bakhlnah, The devil.
A bawd, A well.
P bad, It was. Existence, being. A dwelling-place.
P butcad, It may, might, or will be.
Pyle bi-dir, Scented. A kind of perfumed leather.
P &le; bo-dnah, A medicinal seed.
FJe: bud-bash, Place of abode. Service; maintenance.
P U--> badish, Existence.
Pej budan, To be, to become, to exist.
P <&e: bdang, Pennyroyal, pulecium.
P &ex badanah, A bird of game. A small partridge.
P 39; bdan?, Possible, contingent. Future. Essence, ex
istence. ex: Gex badani bud, What is to be, will be.
re: G : ex bad on bid, Riches and poverty.
P sex budah, Been, existent. J *** To exist. Lu 89),
bdah-nan, Unleavened bread, dried forty days in the sun.
r 5; bud?, Thou wast. Essence, existence.
A baws, Injury, outrage. Poverty. Humiliation.
P s bitsundah, Touch-wood.
A_j : baker (from J), Perishing, dying. Being uncultivated
(ground). Being fruitless (undertaking). Being corrupted,
ruined. Being slothful, sluggish, base. Being languid, dull
(market, where nothing can be sold). Desolating, laid waste.
Examining, discovering (particularly applied to a stallion-camel,
discovering by the smell whether a she-camel is pregnant or not).
Bringing a she-camel to the male for the above purpose. Land
not sown, nor ready for it. Land that has lain fallow for one
season. Bar, A wicked man, a ruffian, a villain, a scoundrel.
(pl. of,' b-ir), Helpless, unable to help themselves, and desti
tute of the assistance of others. Uncultivated lands.
P.J.; bur, A bay horse. A pheasant. Chesnut-colour. The
colour of honey (in the dialect of Samarkand).
* 9: bir. A sack, a bag. The head or point of a nail
A cy; burk, Borax.
P 39; brnz, A kind of food made from the egg-plant.
A &V; birn'yat, A kind of food.
P & J } burbik, A portico.
A 3. bu-rat, A ditch, a pit (especially any place dug in the
ground, where they light a fire and dress victuals).
A ty; buruj, A valley. A castle. See t burj.
A x-J Bursawry, A native of Brsah.
t
A 4-95, Bursah, Prusa in Bithynia.
A JJ; barorak, Borax, nitre, salt-petre.
P 92 brak, A part, a share. A kind of food.
re bitrag, A game of hazard. Money given to a by
stander at dice. Mouldiness of bread. Meat hashed in butter.
p s burandah, Rich, wealthy, affluent.

p 92 brank, Basil-royal, ocimum.
P < burang, Name of an odoriferous mountain-plant.
P & 2 burniyah, A largejar filled with drugs.
p_3, buria, A trumpet, a hunting-horn. A tube, a canal.
The gripes. J2j}, buri-zan, A trumpeter.
r x/293, Brrah, Name of a king. Name of an island.
r x, x' birah, Nitre, salt-petre, borax. Pastry. Lump-sugar.
Ermine. J 9: bura-i armani (or J 9: bura-i tar
garn), Nitre, borax, used in soldering gold.
res); buri, A trumpet. A hunting-horn. The point of any
thing (especially of a nail). A split reed, or a mat made of such
reeds. Jej To sound a trumpet. x." A kind of fish.
r buriy, (4 buriyah or 5); buri), A mat made of
split reeds. A carpet. A case for any instrument. " :
burya-baf (or e." Wy: buriyan-ban), A maker of mats; also
of instrument-cases.
P J 9: buriy-kubi, A mat-treading (a house-warming).
G C. britash, (IIvetn.) The marcasite or fire-stone.
P & 2x burinah (equivalent to 3-33 puzinah), An ape.
Aj; bu-uz, (pl. of j ba-z) Falcons, hawks.
p33, bawz, Mouldiness of bread. A large blackbee. The
trunk of a tree. Bz (for; buz), A goat. Buz, A roan horse.
Swift. Intelligent. Shrewd. Ice. Pale, water-coloured.
P y; bz, (equivalent to 3533 bozah) Beer.
r_j}. buzr, Hot spices mixed up with food.
*AV: bs-gar, A brewer of beer.
P-x bza-gari, The art of brewing, the making of beer.
A & j Bawzat, Name of a tribe. Name of a woman.
P 3; bawzak, Mouldiness of bread.
p <}} buzkand (or *}} burkand), A kind of settee placed
before the doors of houses in the East.
r x~~5; buzmand, (~~~); burmand, &sj; bimah or ~5:
pzmand), Name of a certain fragrant herb.
*A*}} Buzanjar, Name ofan ancestor ofTimr (Tamerlane).
r &j; buznah, (4-55, burninah or 4-33, bicinah), An ape.
P j; boxah, A beverage made from rice, millet, or barley.
P 353 bazah-kabab, Roast-lamb.
P e'j? bzdn, Name of a drug of a fattening quality.
Pj} bawj, A whirlpool. Bj, Weight. A raging fever.
r &j; bijnah, A rose-bud not yet expanded, a follicle, a pod.
>{: A J-2 ba-usa, (fut. J-- yab-usu) He was dauntless.
A --9 bu-s (from C-2) Becoming poor, and miserable. Mis
fortune, evil, misery, adversity.
A J bars (from L-3), Kissing. Being hairy. Mixture.
rv bos, A kiss, a buss. Kissing. ele'e L** er- To
kiss the hem of a garment. J-sy -U. To kiss the cheek.
L*} p-bs, Kissing the feet. U-5, Jj samin-bs, Kissing
the ground. J, L*} bos o kanr, Kissing and embracing.
P <!-> bsnah, Humility.
r J basinidan, To cause to kiss. To cause to rot.
C
re- bstan, A garden, a kitchen-garden, a green spot.
Name of a city. Name of many Arabian and Persian books,
the most celebrated of which is the Bostn of sex- Saadi a
native of Shirz; which, together with his Gulistn, is in the
highest esteem in every country where the Persian language
is known. L-A- J-> Flowers of various hues. J J-y
* bstn-i guli-namay, The firmament. --
rj," e --> bstn-afrz, The herb cock's comb.
Pe-; bustiyn, An ox.
r c-2 bastin, Viciousness, wickedness.
P --: bsak, A little kiss. The wing of a bird. Anything
hollow or excavated.
P *-> bos-gh, (<!-> bosa-gah, * - bsah-gh or 4-y
& bsah-gah), The place of kissing, i. e. The royal apartment
(because every one going there kisses, or ought to kiss, the gate).
P-> busalik, Name of note in music.
re-3, bu sulayman, A roost-cock. A lapwing.
P *: Busanj, Name of a city.
P & Basnah, The province of Bosnia.
P & bosah, A kiss. eye- 4-2 basah ddan, To kiss.
P 4-2 basah-baz7, Kissing and toying.
psa- - bosah-jay, The place of kissing, the mouth, lips.
P e- 4-9, basah shikastan, To smack the lips, in kissing:
A J-; bu-sa, Adversity, injury, loss, misfortune.
P J-2 bs, One kiss. Kissing. = ** !"... bisal-bosi-i,
A kissing of the carpet (when introduced to great men). Respect.
P J-y bsdagi, Rottenness, corruption. Submission.
P J-y bsidan, To kiss. To rot.
P 3-3, bosidah, Rotten, stale.
AJ-2 batesir, (for rex, baws.ir) The hemorrhoids, piles.
P Jr.; busin, Accusation, upbraiding, reproof.
PU batcsh, Celebrity, fame. Ostentation, boast. Power,
dignity. Magnificence. A covering. Plenty, abundance. A
handful. A kind of eye-salve brought from Dar-band. Bush,
Swift, quick (in body and mind). Bawash, An ornament.
Possibility. Buwish, Existence.
Bawish, Predestination, fate.
A Cx batcsh or bush, A multitude, crowd, troop or band.
A mixed company. A kind of dish made from baked meat and
lentils.The sound or noise made by a mob, or other great body
of men. "L s re
I left them confused and tumultuous.
J J baksh b-ish, A crowd of all ranks.
p\ bush, Meditation, thoughtfulness, solicitude, anxiety.
Pe bshd, The rape-root. A turnip.
P --~~~ bshsb, Sleep. Pollution.
P L--: bushps, Sleep. A dream, a vision.
P **:: Bushanj, Name of a town.
P & Bushank, Name of a village near Hart.
A s bawshiy, A poor man, with a large family. Of the
meanest rank of men.
 c5??
rej, bishidan, To begin any work. To consider.
A Jew baws (from Je), Preceding, going before, being su
perior, excelling. Making haste. Flying, absconding. Being
hid, concealed. Importuning, teazing. Colour. A woman's
hips. A precipitate pace. Fatigue, lassitude. Bus, Colour.
Name of a fruit. &ex J-hla busuhu, His colour changed.
Alex baws, Large-hipped (woman). A game, in which a
torch being lighted at one end, is whirled round with velocity.
A J Busan, Name of a tribe.
A x! busiy (or s;3 buzzy), A little boat, a skiff.
Aze, bawsir, The hemorrhoids, piles. A kind of herb which
cures them; verbascum, touch-weed, lung-wort, wool-blade,
petty-mullein, or high-taper. Name of a place in Egypt.
Av, bawz, (from J) Standing, remaining. Being beau-
tiful, clean in the face, after having been foul (with freckles).
Aik butaniyat, A black vine.
A*, bitat, (from P &; butah) A crucible, a melting-pot.
Ak bawz, (from **) Becoming fat. Flinging stones. diversity of any kind; as in the 3-0 J Tuti-Nmah: j, c
A t bawa, (from 8 ) Expanding the hand, stretching it : --~~2 &\" JAA- j <-- * ~ * ** ev
s out when giving money. Extending any thing with the hand as 95-2 * c *:--> ex-s Chun rz taman
far as possible. Taking long steps in running (a horse or camel).
Measuring with a fathom or with the arms extended. Bawa or
but, A fathom. Nobility, high rank, honour. Declivity of a
mountain, or any part which has fallen into a slope.
*A*: Bally, Name of u- J.' Ibn Szn (Avicenna).
p {} bugh or bgh, Any outward covering or wrapper (es
pecially of leather). A pouch.
A bawgha, Soft, friable earth. Unsettled, crazy, insane
(men). Confusion. Aromatic fragrance.
P bogh-band, A cloth in which any thing is wrapped up.
baghra (or J bughrk), A kind of food (made of
boiled meat, flour, &c.).
G v bughals (or eras: bughalsan), (Byxwagoy), Borage.
**** boghm, Trumpery, trifles, scraps, rags. Fragments,
broken victuals, stores of a wallet. A fat and ugly woman.
*** bughanj, Black pepper, the seed of melanthion, pep
per-wort, or the coriander of Rome. Name of a city.
*** bughand, Convolvulus, ivy, bindweed, pellitory.
* bu, An owl.
*Jix bi-arsh or b-farsh, A perfumer, a druggist.
*J; bok, A large sheet.
* J bak, A trumpet, clarion, hunting-horn, and often used
"signify a flute, pipe, or any musical instrument (in allusion to
which one who cannot keep a secret is called buk, as being full
f holes). Vain, foolish. False, unjust. Bk (or bawk), (from
J}) Oppressing, distressing, injuring. Befalling (as a mis
fortune). Surrounding, hedging in. Attacking with united
force, and killing people unjustly. Rushing (into the inner or
forbidden apartments). Being affected by any malady or op
2 97 J
pression. Losing money or any kind of property. Blowing a
trumpet or other instrument. Buwak, (pl. of 33, bukat)
Thunder-showers, violent rains.
A t bkt, (pl. of J buk) Trumpets, clarions, shawms.
A J bukl, (ITAL. Boccale) A tankard without a handle.
rej, bkn, A sort of red worm.
A & bukat, A violent rain, a thunder-shower, coming down
with uncommon impetuosity.
P bkalam (or exal bukalamn), The chameleon. A
tortoise. A turkey. A bird which as often as it plunges into
the water appears of a different colour. Various coloured stuffs
or habits. Flowers of colours. Green reeds or flags, which,
as they wave with the wind, assume different shades. The
jasper, from the variety of its hues. Small particles of blue glass.
(In general) any thing of various colours, or whose surface re
flects different rays from a change of position. A variable ca
pricious man. The inconstancy of fortune. It implies also
gardid, wa shab rasid, Khujistah az bistar-i garn-myah
barkhst, tea tatmh-i gun-a-gun, wa miwaha-i bakalamun
talbid wa khird, When the day was done, and night arrived,
Khujistah arose from her magnificent bed, and called for, and
made a repast on, different meats, and various fruits.
P 33 bkalamuni, Variegated, motley.
A \-a-3; bukisa, The elm-tree.
A % bawk (from %), Leaping (as the male ass upon the
female). Conversing with a woman. Watering a newly-planted
tree. Becoming fat. % J.) awwal back, The first time.
P ~% bk, By chance, perhaps. Except. Meat, food. A
divine precept. A pit in which they lay up (wheat). Rubbish
of any kind, which quite
2
conceals the surface of water in a well.
-
A poker. An oak. 3-2 % bk o magar, Perhaps, may be.
A 9. batcha, Mixture, confusion.
c bkn, Cramp-irons fastened to the feet when going
P
upon ice. An ice-house. Bkn, pagan, or pkn, The belly,
the womb. The intestines of a sheep. A bed of roses.
P -. bakalik, Juniper-berries.
P *: bakand, Ivy.
P & bakeh, Perhaps it may; would that it were !
A. Jr. bawl, Number. Multitude. Urine. J J: A kind
of medicine for wounds (produced in Arabia Felix). 3,s J>
bawlu'l &ajz, Milk. P e J> bawl kardan, To urine.
r J.: bul, The nose. The beak of a bird. Name of an herb.
A Bawln, Name of a tribe, and of a place.
*A*: bu'l jar, A place of refuge. A field of battle.
P g38 balach, Lands which are constantly in cultivation.
2 Q.
 c 298
*A* bil hr, A field of battle. A place where plenipoten
tiaries meet to settle a treaty of peace, or a truce.
p *** bu'l hakim, Wise, learned.
*A* bu'l khajdar, An unbeliever, a heretic. Faithless.
P el
bawl-dan, A chamber-pot, a urinal.
ru- Blus, Paul. A Christian.
H r-2 bolsiri, Name of an Indian tree, the fruit of which
is good for the tooth-ache.
p e-: bu'l kafanad, A bribe proffered to a judge.
P & bu'l kanj, A bribe to corrupt a judge. Sport or pas
time, any thing ludicrous, a masquerade.
P & bu'l kanjak, Anything new or wonderful. The
first fruits. A masquerade, pastime, frolic.
P 2.93. bilkand, A bribe to a judge or any other great man to
do a thing contrary to justice.
G e blbdabn, (IIoxvrov) Polypody. or selling merchandize. Removing (with a stick) rubbish (from
G e;= };}} bulutarkhn, (IIoxrgizov) Maiden's hair.
P bulah, A tube, a tunnel, a canal.
A Bu lahab (for Ab lahab), Name of one of
Muhammad's uncles (Kurn, chap. cxi.). --> re bulaha
bn-i wakt, (The B lahabs of the age) Obstinate unbelievers.
L L-> Bulinas, (Plinius) Pliny.
r bum, (s Aft)
A country, region, kingdom. Earth,
ground. A desert land not yet cultivated. The boundaries or
frontiers of inimical states, whose hostile inroads are always to be
dreaded. A garrison, strong-hold. A mansion or place where
one dwells in safety. A native, one who has never been abroad,
home-bred. Embroidered cloth. Nature, disposition, tempe
rament. e' *: bm-i bd, An inhabited country. -->
bum-i wirn, A desolate country. Buicam, I may be.
A bum (or & bumat), An owl. *}<! *::" al bitmul
mash-um, The owl of bad omen.
P ey-: bumdarn, The plant southernwood. suspect. Je x bay ddan, To diffuse fragrance, '
P *:: bmrah, A kind of bird.
pr bum-bar, Dominion, lordship, signiory.
r x<x bum-kand, A subterraneous dwelling.
p &c.; bamah, Fire struck by a horse's shoe.
p cex bimahan, An earthquake. The intestines of birds.
Per bumahin, An earthquake.
Puy bawn, A portion, a share. Bn, Utility, conveniency.
Any thing useful. Foundation, root, origin. End, limit. A
son. Intestines of birds. The womb. The heavens. zcy?
U} bun-i situn, The base of a column, the pedestal of a statue.
Ae bawn, (from ex) Excelling. Baron or bn, Difference,
an interval, a space. Excellence. *** J A long interval
(of time). Ban, (pl. of biwan) Pillars, tent-poles, or the
wooden work which supports the top of the door-way, and the
curtains of tents. Name of a place.
***
A t bu nfit, Wine.
A -> bawnat, A little dwelling. Bunat, A town in Africa.
r_*: bunjr, A field of battle. A place of meeting.
P buwind, Proud, arrogant. Buwund, Lenity, meekness.
P s buwindah, Proud. Majestic. Buwundah, Modest.
a &; Baniyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
rj buniz, (equivalent to r nizah) A short spear.
A t bawah, One who reveals his secrets. Buwuh (from
c), Discovering. Being clear, manifest. Being fatigued.
A x! buwukh (from {x), Turning, stinking (as meat).
A J2; buwuk (from J) Oppressing. Befalling (misfor
tune). Hemming in. Attacking with united force. Rushing
(into forbidden apartments). Being marred, damaged, frittered
away (property). Losing money. Blowing a trumpet.
A buwuk (from %), Becoming fat (a camel). Form +3.
ing little balls of clay between the palms of the hand. Buying
any fountain or aqueduct, to make the water flow more freely).
Being in confusion (business). Being disturbed in mind (men).
A 35 batch, An imprecation, a curse.
P & bah, A large owl. Buwah, A tree which does not bear
fruit. Grave, modest.
A *> buhat,
The she-owl. A kind of hawk. Moulting.
Feathers driven about by the wind. Wool or cotton put into an
ink-holder. Thin-bodied. Small-boned. Extenuated, ema
ciated. Foolish, absurd, silly.
P J buhman, The womb. Some one, somebody.
P &R; buhah, Desire. Perturbation of mind. A lapwing.
A 453, bawa', Anxious hope. Malevolence. Unlawful desire.
Disposition, genius. Imitation, a following after.
P boy, Odour, fragrance, perfume, scent, spice. Hope,
wish, desire. Love. Nature, disposition. Imitation, conse
quence. Portion, part. r c tambar-bay, Fragrant as
amber, eye, s boy bardan, To give a hint. To hear. To
Jr-S boy shanzdan, To smell. J s bykardan, To smell,
to scent of. To snuff up, to smell to. Buwi, Thou mayest be.
r by, Odoriferous, fragrant. Fetid. Coriander-seed,
r_j}) ' boy-afear, A censer. Spice, seasoning.
P e boyn, Smelling. Name of a country.
P bynak, Parsley. The herb southernwood.
A -->!) Al buwayh, A place between Hijz and Egypt.
* ~ *x by-parast, A hound. A pard. A parasite. A
demon. An angel.
A * > butcayt, (dim, of - bayt) A small house, a cottage.
** buychah, Ivy, convolvulus.
A. --> Bi Jahya, Name of the angel of death.
Pyle t by-dr, Scented. Hunting by the scent (a dog).
*e by-dn, A perfume-box.
A 32; Buwayrat, Name of a place.
 299 Q-43
r & s by-rang, A rose. r_j\ bahr, The spring, the beginning of summer, (which is
r bysah (or j by.jah), Cherishing hope. also expressed by j J}). J J-3 The spring-season. The
*** boy-s, A stone for rubbing powders, a muller. harvest of that season. Bahr, A blossom. Yellowness. The
rv boyish, Smelling. The sense of smelling. hram of a prince. Half a horse-load. Camomile, anthemis. A
PU bay-farsh, A perfumer. Christian church. Name of a rich and extensive province in
**** by-kalik, A kind of berry with a green bark, | Hindstn. Name of an island. Je 2\# The title of a well
noxious to the teeth and stomach. The pistachio-nut. known work on ethics. Buhar, A weight equal to 600 lbs.
p J%; by-gn, The belly, the womb.
| English. Buhr or Bihar, Name of a Pagan temple and idol.
rej t by-madarn, Southernwood, melissa, parthe A winter-habitation.
nion, apiastrum, balm-gentle. Aj, bahr, Anything beautiful and splendid. A species of
re by-nkn, Destitute of the sense of smelling. odoriferous herb, like camomile, buphtalmus, ox-eye. The in
P *** buyang, A kind of sweet basil. ferior hollow part in the throat of a horse, next to the thorax,
P & byah, Hope, desire. Perturbation of mind. Study, and also a whitish appearance there. Bihr, The resplendent
endeavour.
Desirous, Fumitory. Name of the founder of a | Buhr, An idol. Satan. A swallow. A white fish.
In ODn.

certain dynasty. | Cotton taken from the pods. Gold. Silver. Sea-baggage, every
Pej boyidan, To smell, scent, diffuse perfume. To have thing necessary for accommodation on ship-board. A weight of
a smell. To smell to, or snuff up. To live in the country. | about 400 lbs. English. A vessel with a spout, resembling an ewer.
P J t bay-yak-rangi, Fidelity, sincerity, love. P VL' bahar-r, Vernal showers, buds or blossoms.
** bah, To, in. Beh, Good. Safe, sound. Elegant. Bih, Ped bahrn, The spring. Orange-flower.
A quince. Buh, An owl. | r;" J bahr-bn, The blooming princess.
P <-J bahr-bushkanah, Name of a note in music.
A & bah, Well done! bravo! excellent! Bihi, With, for, from,
in, or by him, or it. & y & Ordered, commanded. A ~\ baharat, Excellence, advantage.
*Al bah (fut, t yabhu or usir, Jabhi), (It) was beauti r &&. Je buhr-khanah, An idol-temple. A lofty edifice.
ful, elegant, or graceful. --
PU:-j bahr-khosh, Flesh smoked and dried.
r bah, Price, value. ~~~~ *\d bah-i khiltat, A P J-M4 baharistn, The season of spring, Vernal blossoms.

tax to defray the expense of honorary dresses, c- * P bahr, Belonging to the spring, vernal.

bah-i khun, The price of blood (which is paid to the relations
of a person killed, as an atonement). J ta. \d bah katt.
kardan, To fix a price. , , , \dj. pur baha o sharaf, Most
precious and noble. \e ey girn-bah, Dear, precious.
A\ bah, Beauty, elegance. Lustre, splendour. A camel
gentle and easy to be milked. \a, e--husn wa bah, Beauty
and elegance. Bih, In, with, by, her or it.
A ~\d bahhat, A calumniator, a slanderer.
al A bahtir, (pl. of P-3 buhtur) Short in stature.
A -V bahajat (from g) Being beautiful.
pj\t bihz, A high-bred horse kept for stock.
A_j\ bahazir, (pl. of j bahzar) Large she-camels.
P e= bahashtan, To weep, to cry.
p sea;" & beh-uftdah, Healthy, vigorous.
P s & Beh-afrin, Name of the daughter of Isfandiyr.
r2s bah-gir, Precious, valuable, costly.
A *\d biham, (pl. of * bahm) Lambs, kids, and camel's colts
comprehended in one flock. Buham, (pl. of 344, buhmat) Sheep.
r ex~" & beh amadan, To come well; to succeed, to prosper.
P er bahmn, Spring.

** bahdar, Brave, bold, valiant, courageous, magnani re Buhn, Name of a woman.

mous, warlike, strong, athletic. A soldier, champion, hero, a
g
chevalier, a knight, a horseman. Bahdar forms part of the
title of honour conferred by the Great Mogul and other Eastern
: Potentates, upon the Nabobs (Nuwwab) and other great men,
bearing some resemblance to the European title of military
"ighthood; as s J" as cal) As tu." See e;-- ** To seek a pretext. J &\e To make an excuse,
** Je es. The pillar of empires, the glory of the kingdom, the
"moon of the state, Muhammad Khn, the brave.
"Je bahdarn, (pl. of Je bahdar) Valiant soldiers.
p *994, bahdarnah, Bravely, gallantly, like a champion.
:
A U-V buhanis, A tame, tractable camel. A lion.
P J-4 bahnistan, To weep.
i <&\# bhng, (s *TI) A species of hemp.
r &\e bahnah, A pretence, excuse, evasion. Motive, cause,
J. &\d To find a pretence. U-23 &\t bahanah-farsh, A
vender of apologies, a maker of false excuses.
*_2\, bah-war, Precious, valuable.
*\d bah-im, (pl. of 3~5 bahimat) Beasts, brutes, wild
A

*** bahdari, Valour, bravery, military gallantry.

wd bhdun,
li The autumnal harvest. A Hind month.
beasts. Jay-as- * bah-im makhsus, Wild, ferocious.
A \r bahbh (from are oy, Braying (a hoarse camel).
2 Q 2
 r ext, beh-bd, Healthy, vigorous, perfect, excellent, in good
order. Welfare, safety. Name of a man.
P rt beh-budi, Well-being. Health, vigour, goodness.
AJ3-d bahbur, A kind of food made with boiled fruits, &c.
A Ustr bahbahiy, Large, great, corpulent.
A *e baht (from G-), Attacking suddenly and defeating or
overwhelming (an individual or body of men). Buht, Lying,
calumniating, slandering, accusing falsely. Being astonished,
confounded, distracted. Bahat, Calumny, falsehood.
p c-c buht, The motion of a planet in any given time.
h c-t bahat, (MF) Rice, dressed in milk.
A J buhtn, A calumny, lie, slander, false accusation, ma
lignant imputation, malevolent suspicion. Puj, J buhtan
shudan, To be defamed. e="Je buhtan guftan, To slander.
P **** buhtn-goy, A slanderer, a defamer, a libeller.
A 24, bahtar, A lie. Buhtar (or 5-4, buhtarat), Short in
stature. One having compact or contracted members.
P =# behtar, Better, c-e behtarin, Best.
p % bahtarak, Somewhat bitter. Bihtarik, See .
A * bahj, A species of Indian wood, with whitish roots.
Bahij, Glad, cheerful. Handsome, beautiful.
A c-s bahjat, Beauty, elegance, grace, excellence. Glad
ness, cheerfulness, alacrity. Exultation. P ---s Full of joy.
P &led bih-dnah, The seed of quinces.
A s, buhdariy, A boy or girl not growing in proportion
to their age. An infant with whom the milk does not agree.
A J.M. bahdal, A hyena's whelp. A species of green bird.
A - J.M. bahdalat, Nimbleness, celerity in walking or run
ning. A proper name common to both sexes.
A 443-4) \ bihaza'd dakhilyah, In the mean time.
pr ba har, At, by, to, or in every or each. J-ji: ba har
hl, In every shape, however it be, in whatever condition. At
JV- ba har sl, In every year. &: & J ba har seh nawa,
Animal, vegetable, and mineral. * x ba harmah, In every
month. JJ, ba har wakti, At all times. 2d bahr, For, be
cause, on account of e 24. By way of trial, in order to
discover. ; A For thy sake. J.' J On this account. V 2 r
For you. J-4 f For some one. ex- J j" On account of
gain. 99- Jej For his own sake. j 2: 3 In order to pray.
rji bahr, A part, portion, lot, chance, fortune. Name of a
country. Behr, Better. Buhr, Continually. Name of a herb
with a stalk resembling that of barley.
Aj, bahr (from J), Excelling (in beauty, grace, virtue).
Fxcellence, pre-eminence. A filling up, a completing. Dis
tance. Love. Grief. Calumny. Oppression. Admiration.
Buhr, Shortness of breath, asthma, breathing hard from over
load. An extensive district. The middle of a valley, a channel. blue colour. Cheap. Indian frankincense.
r. As zet behtarin-i khalk, The best of created beings, |
i.e. Muhammad.
A & bahsat (from *-*), Appearing.
*k A * bahaja, (fut. of & 3yabhaju) He exhilarated.
A x (39 il) bahda', Name of a place.
ret beh-din, The religion of Zardusht or Zoroaster. Re
ligious, faithful, pious, devout.
*ALt. bahara, (futjyabharu) (He) excelled (in beauty).
rye bahr, On account of, for the sake of
A V Bahra, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A 98 bahran, A curse upon it! may he perish! O! strange!
P bahrm, The planet Mars. A king. Name of several
kings of Persia, and of other kingdoms in the East (corrupted by
the Greeks into that of Varanes). The twentieth day of every
month. A sword. Embroidered silk. A kind of bird. The
heart of a bird. A gnat. Name of an angel. Bihrm, A fast.
A bahrm, The bastard saffron.
r J Bahrm-tal, Name of an obelisk or pyramid, which
Bahrm-chubin caused to be constructed with the skulls of the
Turks slain in a bloody engagement.
A g bahramaj, A species of willow.
P c- Bahrm-chbin, Name of a celebrated general.
t Bahrm-gr, Name of one of the kings of Persia, so
called from his passion for the chase of the wild ass.
P crre bahrman, A ruby. A flower. A kind of silk, varie
gated and embroidered. Safflower. Rouge, paint for the face.
r & J bahrmah, A species of willow. A robe of green silk.
P e; buhrn, A hot pestilential wind.
P * beh-ra-y, Prudent, fit for business, proper for the ad
ministration of public affairs. Ingenious, thinking judiciously.
A 3rd buhrat, The middle (of the night; of a valley; of a ring).
A coney-burrow, or any long subterraneous passage or mine.
A gr bahraj, Wain, fruitless, futile. Wicked, base, wretched,
bad. Base (coin). Open to the opinion or use of every man.
A *x. bahrajat, Deviation from the highway.
P bahrak, One whose hands and feet are hardened by
labour. Filth, ordure, dregs, dross.
P ba har kayf, By any means, in every way soever.
P & bahragi, Riches, wealth. Opulent, affluent.
P re bahram, The bastard saffron, cnicos.
P Jrd bahramn, The finest ruby or carbuncle. Fine silk
interwoven or painted with flowers. Safflower. Paint.
| A ** bahramat, The religious worship of the Brahmins and
other Hind casts. A kind of Indian flower.
Per baharman, An idol-temple. A ruby.
r x-rd bahramand (for ~es, a bahrah-mand) Fortunate.
P &# bahramah, An auger, a gimblet.
P g bahrij (or 6-2,+ bahrajah), Crystal of a transparent
*j bihrz, A species of blue crystal. A spear used by *
nobles in India.
 L^* 301 *
reve Bihrn, Name of Alexander the Great. h he bahat, (s MF) Rice dressed with milk and butter.
fre bahrah, A part, portion, quota, share. Profit, gain, ad Ala# bahz, (from *) Afflicting, vexing, or fatiguing. Being
vantage. Happiness, prosperity, fortune. A burthen, as much above one's strength or ability (anything heavy or oppressive).
as an ass, camel, or horse carries upon one side. Wisdom, sense. Weighing down (debt). Catching by the beard.
**, ye bahra-i wasiyat, A legacy. Buhrah, Name of a re- - t it, ba haft b shustan, To perform one's ablu
people living in Guzerat. Name of a town. tions with great nicety and circumspection.
r; ye bahrah-bar (or 9 f bahrah-war), A partner. A C. bahak, (p & bahak) The leprosy, white morphew.
PJe bahrah-dr, A sharer, participator, partner. Enjoy

ing one's wishes, fortunate. J c 2 *-ae 2\ove To make

a partner of gifts and presents.
r x-yd bahrah-mand, Fortunate, prosperous, happy, con
tented. Sharing, participating. J A-c bahrah-mand shu
dan, To accomplish an object, to obtain what we desire, to be
fortunate, prosperous, successful. To participate, to share.
r; Je Bahrah-war-bn, Name of a princess.
P f bahri, A little, somewhat, a part, any thing, any one.
A ** bahriyat, A kind of willow.
P A ba har yak, For some one. For every one.
Aji baht (from j), Removing, repelling, thrusting away.
Striking one (upon the breast) with feet and hands. rej j
s. bahz shudan, To be repelled by force.
p ej Bih-zd, Name of a Persian prince.
; s *ji bahzar, Nimble, active. Intelligent, wise. Noble, illus
A tetter, a ringworm. A C. bahaku'l hajar, Lichen.
a & bahkatat, Quicknes, expedition in doing any thing.
A J& bahkal (or c bahkan), Full of health and juices,
smooth, sleek, shining (young person or animal).
P enj beh-guzin, Choosing, picking; discriminating easily
between good and bad money. Select. Camphor.
A J bahl, (from J) Leaving any one at liberty to do what he
pleases, free from every impediment. Being cursed (by God),
execrated. A little, a small quantity, a somewhat. Buhl or
buhhal, (pl. of J.S. bahil) She-camels having no marks of a ring
through the nose, or of the wooden machines which they usually
fasten to their udders to prevent colts from sucking. Shepherds
without crook or staff. Idle people who wander about without
doing any thing. (Women) allowed to act at discretion. Bahal
(from J), Being left at full liberty (a she-camel).
r J bihil, Let alone, give over. Absolution.

trious, Bahzar or buhzar, A large she-camel. A tall palm-tree. A * bahlat or buhlat, A malediction, an amathema.
A vt, bahs, Boldness, imprudence.
A g bahlak, bihlik, or buhluk, A ruddy woman. Chatter
PUlt, bahsh, The fruit of the dwarf palm-tree. ing, talkative. Impatient, fretful. Bahlak, A great misfortune
A L bahsh (from Ul), Searching, investigating. Having or calamity. Bihlik, A bawler. A discontented morose man.

an affection for any one, being benevolently disposed. Catching A bihlakan, (Saying any thing) openly, to one's face.

without retaining, endeavouring to catch without succeeding.

A & bahlakat, Pride, vanity. Traducing, railing, scolding,
Extending (the hand in order to seize any thing). Being ready
t t abusing. A misfortune, evil, calamity. Lying, a lie.
to cry. Being ready to laugh. Assembling (men). Fresh or
moist mastich or bdellium, an Arabian gum. Lt" Js' allul A J : J c J}. salalubnu bahlala, wa buhlula, A ly
t;
bahsh, The Arabians of Hijaz. U.t c bildu'l bahsh, The ing,A J}
trifling, idle fellow.
Buhll, A man's name. Buhll, One who laughs or
country of Hijz. Ug) *32-, wujuhul bahsh, Men of a de
l sumiles. A prince endowed with every accomplishment. Beautiful.
formed black appearance. Bahish, Cheerful, humane, benign.
P * bahlah, Private expenses, a privy purse. A violin. A
*~# behisht, Paradise. Heaven. We 4: A title of
the Sughd of Samarkand; also of the city of Damascus. ej, falconer's glove.
*A. --~& The glorious prince who has departed for paradise. A ** bahm, and baham, Lambs and kids, comprehended in
* -> <--; behisht-sabahi, A morning-draught. one flock. Buhm or buhum, (pl. of abham) Dumb. Bar
**-e Behisht-gung, Name of a city. barous in speech, unintelligible. Naked, empty. Whole, en
"c c--; behisht-nishin, (Settled in Paradise) Blessed. tire. (pl. of ** bahim) Animals of one colour. Buham,
**-* bahishtah, Placed, deposited. Rocks, stones. Brave, invincible soldiers, gallant heroes. Troops
of horse. Armies.
*** behishti, Paradisiacal. Handsome. A water-carrier. - -

*** Bahshamiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect. * * ba ham, Together, one with another, one against an
* La bahas, Thirst. The act of sneezing. other. At once. Rage, anger, indignation. e- * (or
*

* Ja buhsul, Thick in body. White. Js' A **) To be contracted, drawn together. To assemble.
** bahsalat, Society. Buhsulat, (fem.) Short. White . . To be constipated, bound. To be offended, enraged, disgusted,
* -a+ bulsum, Hard, firm. vexed, confounded. * > ** To be mixed, confounded,
* Jat, buhsus, Something, somewhat, any thing. l jumbled together, ex-V_e ** J9 To have a Pain at the heart,
 _542
To be disturbed, or perplexed. Jy * To be met with, to
come to hand, to be acquired. Biham, Yes.
r_\ bahmar, Many. Numerous, copious. A multitude.
pe bahmn, Circumlocutions, superfluous words. Some
one, a certain person.
P &_ * baham bar bastah, Suspicious. Suspected.
P Jjj * ba ham bar zadan, To be hasty and violent.
A & bahmat, A lamb. Buhmat, A rock, a stone. A brave
invincible soldier. A troop of horse. An army. Bahamat,
(Ground) abounding in the wild herb called Je buhma'.
P Je bahmatn, A white lily. A red lily.
P e-w ** ba ham rasanidan, To procure.
f soj, ba ham zadah, Overturned, overwhelmed. Dejected.
P <! bahmazag, A hedgehog. A porcupine.
Pe bahman, Intelligent, acute, adroit. A cloud pouring
rain. Snow melting on the mountains. A note in music.
king, a monarch, a prince, a sovereign. A king of Persia.
The middle month of winter, answering to our January. The
second day of every month. Name of a demon or genius, sup
posed by the old Persians, and by their descendants the Parsi,
Magi, or Guebres, to preside over all beasts of burthen. Name
of a citadel and of a lofty mountain. ey:- zer; J zc
The monarch of his time, the hero of his age. Buhman, Name
of an herb, whose leaves resemble ears of corn, a flower like
saffron, or saffron itself, especially of the wild kind. Buhman
or buhmi, Name of a medicine of a two-fold nature, white and
red, ben album et rubrum; rosa canina.
p >4, bahman, Name of a medicine. Name of a demon.
P es bahmann, Name of a flower resembling saffron.
P **** bahmanjah, Name of a festival celebrated by the
kings of Persia upon the second day of the month of Bahman.
Py-e Bahmanyr, Name of a disciple of -s Ibn Sina.
P & builmah, Ofinestimable value. Invincible.
pe bahmi, Some, a little, somewhat. Buhmi, A herb,
growing upon walls whose leaves resemble ears of barley.
A J Bahnn, Name of a place.
A & bahnnat or buhnnat, A woman smelling sweetly,
particularly in the breath. Gentle, placid. Laughing, smiling.
r & C. bahnnah, An ape. Bihnnah, White bread.
A U-4, bahnas, A camel, gentle and tractable. Fat. A lion.
A \-# Bahnas, Name of a citadel in the north of Syria.
p - 4 bah nisbat, In proportion to, comparatively.
A 3-4 bahnasat (from U-4, Q) Walking haughtily.
h Je bahangi, A kind of yoke for carrying burthens.
p * bahnah, A boys whipping top.
p >e bahw, A palace. A balcony. A portico.
A 34 bahw, A house or tent projecting beyond the rest. A
wild bull's den or retreat, of the largest size; also a large stable
for tame cattle. A wide extended country. Any thing large.
302 es'
The cavity of the breast. The space between the breasts and
the throat. The place between the haunches, the womb.
II Jrd Bhutan, The country of Bootan.
H.P. &# bhj pattar, (s Mq) The bark of a tree, like
birch, used in Kashmir for writing instead of paper.
r ext, buhud, Cloth singed, and having a yellow appearance.
AJ38 bahwar, A lion. Buhur, (from j) Being distinguished
for any perfection. Shining brighter (as the moon among the
stars). Breathing hard, labouring under an asthma, or shortness
of breath (from over-violent exercise, or over-loading). Oppress
ing, weighing down (a load). Throwing up a load on the back
with a violent jerk.
P_3; buhur, The eye, the sight.
A & buhalah, A wife, a spouse.
p & bahah, A file, a steel-burnisher. Hark ye!
A rust behi, Thou art good. Goodness. Clear. A quince. 0.
(an interjection,
when the person addressed is near at hand).
A Us: bahy, Beautiful, elegant, graceful. Dear, precious.
A* bahryat, (fem.) Beautiful. Precious. & ** A va.
luable present. &r & s's Rich and suitable presents.
A & bahitat, A false imputation.
A g bahij, Glad, cheerful. Beautiful, lovely. Indian wood.
P & bahd, Name of a grain.
re bahidan (or eart, pahidan), To squeeze, grasp with
the hands, to press with the feet, to kick, to trample.
pr bahir, Baggage, camp-followers.
Ay bahir, Breathing hard, fatigued. Buhayr, A corpu
lent woman, who can hardly breathe when she walks.
*}: bahr, Belleric myrobalan.
H & J bahir bang, A moveable market, camp-equipage.
A S bahirat (or & bahilat), A woman of a slendershape,
beautiful and delicate. A woman of distinction.
A Utr, Buhaysh, A man's name.
**** bahim, A balcony, a portico.
A ** bahim, (A horse) of one colour, without any distin
guishing mark. Black. A black sheep. Giving little or "
sound, an almost imperceptible echo, a heavy dull tone. Sincert.
Excellent, incomparable.
A & bahimat, A quadruped, an animal wild or tame. A
lamb, a calf, a kid. The infernal pit.
A User: bahimiy, Brutal, bestial, becoming a brute.
"J-e behin, Better, best. Selected. Opulence. A cotton
carder. A week. **.c- er 5 err #39 .*- zer
ce . The greatest of the kings of the earth, and the most ex
cellent of the monarchs of the world and of the faith.
A U-r, buhaynis, A lion.
P & bihnah, A week. A carder of cotton. Best.
PJ, b7, (s ) (A privative particle or preposition) Without.
When prefixed to nouns, it is equivalent to in, un, im, ir, less,
 \ 303
&c. in English, implying, wanting, or being destitute; as rar
l, i.
bi basar, Imprudent, t bi bak, Inconstant. 5, t bi bah
rah, Unfortunate, ly22 J biparici, Heedless, fearless.
-j- bi tartib, Irregular; with many others, which will be
found in alphabetical order; whilst it may be observed, at the
same time, that the preposition and noun are either joined, as in
the three first of the above examples, or written separately, as
in the two last, according to the fancy of the penman, and with
*:: out altering the sense.
r
Aus' bayy, A mean, wretched, abject man. J J ej
Hayynubnu bayyna, An unknown son of an unknown (father).
int P bay, Full. A door.
P bi-, (imperative ofe-T) Come, come hither, approach.
Half-burnt wood, a fire-brand. Half-burnt or singed cloth.
* b b, Flat, insipid, dull. Sottish, silly. Disgraced.
J* -7 J bi b shudan, To be ashamed, disgraced.
A --> bayyn, A cup-bearer, one who presents water pub
licly (giving drink gratis, which is done from motives of piety).
Pej biybn, Uncultivated, desert. A desert, wilderness.
Pe- J biybn-nishin, A hermit. A gipsy.
P 9); J biybn-naward, Travelling in the desert.
*J biybni, Wild, savage, from the desert.
P b abru, Dishonoured, disgraced, degraded. Shameless.
'J' bi bi, Want of lustre. Insipidity. Folly.
r bayt, Grief, anxiety, care.
Ae bayt, (from C-) Passing the night. A nocturnal
invasion, a hostile surprise by night. Name of a city near Wsit.
A "t baytan, By night. Nightly.
P Jl J bi ittifak, Without union, discordant.
P G' ji asar, Without (making) impression, inefficacious.
A c biyh or bayyah, A species of fish.
A -l bayyhat, A fishing-net.
*k--- b ihtiyat, Unconscious, uncircumspect.
*Js bi ikhtiyr, Involuntary, forced, constrained.
**Was bi ikhtiyrnah, Unwillingly; forced, compelled.
* -- J di ikhlisi, Unfriendliness.
** biyd, Watchfulness, vigilance.
*~~\ bi adab, Uncivil, rude, ignorant, immodest, impu
dent, presumptuous. Rudely.
r &b bi adabnah, Rudely, indecently. Uncivil. & Wel
S, by adabnah waza, An indecent, unbecoming action.
y "J" bi adabi, Ill-breeding, rudeness, incivility.
*
**}s bi idrk, Without understanding. Unintelligent.
A&iol baydikat, (pl. of J& baydak) Pawns at chess.
Aj, bi-r, (pl. of, bi-r) Wells.
bi-r, (imp. of e awardan) Bring thou, bear thou.
Aj Biyr, Name of a city.
"J-y biyrstan, To adorn. To invent a fiction, to lie.
\
P ry b rm, Restless, unquiet, having no repose, in per
petual disquietude. JP c l J Restless and inconstant.
r Jj bayrish, Regimen, cure. Buyrish. See L.
P Jj bi arkn, Immodest, uncivil, unpolished, ill-bred.
Ae bayrn, The root of the Lot-tree.
Pl bayrah, Any plant whose stalk does not grow erect,
as cucumbers, melons, or pumpkins.
r_j J bi zr, Innoxious, harmless, inoffensive.
Aj baysir, (pl. of j, bayzar) Fullers beetles.
A 9.5%: baysirat, (pl. of y bayzr) Falconers.
P j J. b zarm, Shameless, impudent, brazen-faced.
P Jj buyzish, A disease (dissolving the solids). Infirm.
A L Bayys, Bais, a maritime town near Antioch in Syria.
P Jst-w b2 istihkk, Unjustly, undeservedly, unworthily.
P >~~ biystu, Immodest, shameless, frontless.
P s." us' bi ishtibah, Undoubtedly, certainly. True.
P J G b2 ishfak, Merciless, ruthless. Impious.
P J bi asl, Unfounded. Causeless. Ignoble, mean.
A J bayz, White. Bright. Whiteness. Paper. Le
prosy. A carte-blanche. A common-place book. *::) J
bayasul yawm, The whole day (as long as the light continues).
PJ3- ~3 bayz-i khur, A sun-beam. Day.
A ---r bayzat, Whiteness, brightness, splendour.
.4 J bayazi, An elegant poem.
A jk bayatirah, (pl. of Ala baytr) Veterinary surgeons.
P U2 bi ittilt, Uninformed, unacquainted with.
A & bayye, A seller. A broker.
A c-c biyeat, Merchandise, goods. Commerce, trade.
rjs, by ittibar, Contemptible, despicable, disesteemed.
P Jae Us: b7 istidali, Injustice, wrong. Inequality.
A owygh, A horseman.
P & As biyghrid, Any thing steeped in water or blood.
P Jj biyghridan, To steep, to soak. To mix.
rej biyghlidan, To stir up strife.
re! by akrn, Peerless, matchless, incomparable.
P s's U. b? agh, Ignorant, uninformed. Unlooked-for.
rej biylbn, The language and characters which, ac
cording to Eastern tradition, were peculiar to those beings, whom
they suppose to have inhabited the world before the creation of
man. See J-, , Jar and J- ze' e- -
J us' bi amn, Merciless, pitiless, unrelenting, unsparing.
P
J"), J Zejt 35hamchi. zamn-i bi amn bil imhl,
Like unrelenting time (giving) no delay.
rj bi imtiyaz, Undiscerning. Ill-bred, rude.
P J biyamadan, To enter. To come.
P ej biymkhtan, To mix, to mingle.
P J bayn, A species of leopard.
A e bayn (from c, Being clear, distinct, manifest.
Being eloquent. A relation, explanation, declaration, exposition,
 Q-9 304 Q-->

evidence, proof, or illustration. Eloquence. J) Je. The is particularly applied by the Persians to those whom they mean
magic of eloquence. Pe U-49 dil-kash bayn, Opening the to honour: they therefore call the Virgin Mary Bibi Maryam,
heart with eloquence, having the power of expressing one's sen which implies The Lady Mary).
P e b payan, Immense, infinite, endless.
timents with perspicuity and elegance. J ej bayn Kardan,
To explain, demonstrate, elucidate, declare, to render clear, evi rjr bi padar, Fatherless. An orphan.
P JW 52 J biparo bl, Mutilated, destitute, withoutfeather
dent, manifest. To relate.
A e- bayyn, Wile, abject. Name of a place. or wing. Without resource.
re.9 Baynn, Name of very contemptible race of men. p ser: bipardah, Without a veil or curtain; open, exposed.
P 'r biparwa, Without fear, scruple, or reflection. Intre
r & Baynat, Name of a city in India.
p \;<\ bi intih, Immense, infinite, boundless, endless. pid. J \,: To be bold, to have no fear or hesitation.
P ^*\ b7 anjm, Infinite, boundless, endless. P JA J bi parwa-7, Carelessness, thoughtlessness, inde
p 9's b andzah, Immense, great, immeasurable. pendence, tranquility, indifference.
p e's b andmi, Out of proportion, disproportioned. rjr biparhz, Incontinent, dissolute, adulterous.
P 3 us: b7 insii, Injustice. P r bi parhz, Incontinence; indifference to health.
P *}_s bipajmy, High-spirited, fearless. Cheerful.
ret haynak, A reed from which mats are made.
r &\ biynah, An earnest, advance, pledge. |
t J bi pir, Having no spiritual guide; vicious.
A & Bayniyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect. A --- bayt, A house, a temple, an edifice, a fabric. A cita
del. A tent. A bed-chamber. A closet. A family, domestics.
p_\,\ baywr, Work, business, employ.
P J biyawn (for e biybn), A desert, a solitude. The floor or pavement of a house. A sepulchre, a tomb. A dis
ry, bayawar, Gain, profit. a!' baytullah,
tich, a verse. Noble. Nobility. A treasury.
P J biyawardan, To contract (as the joints or muscles). , <-23 baytul haram or G-2" c- baytu'l &atik (or y
To become irritated, to grow worse (a wound). To bring. ruhm), The house of God, the sacred temple, the ancient fabric,
p s Biyh, Name of a river in Lahore (India). the temple of Mecca. *** c- baytul hamd, A temple:
P <s b hang, Dissonant, discrepant, discordant. Un
MA) G-w baytul khala, A privy. J _-- Bayt-i ra-s,
prepared, without proper apparatus. J-s bi hangi, Discord.
Name of a fortress in Syria. j Bayt-i zamar, Name of
P ev J bi imn, Without religion. Unprincipled.
a place in Syria. J-) --~ baytu's sarr, The cabinet of secrets.
A Q- bib, A canal. The pipe or conduit of a pond or cistern. Ji- G- baytu's sakar,
Hell. 32) -- baytu'sh sharf,
r e bbsis, Without cause or reason, why or wherefore. A sign of the zodiac. The highest mansion
of a planet.
P J b7 bak (for J b bki), Complete, entire.
2:) baytush shar, A tent composed of felt or hair, used by the
P J by baki, without a balance, quits. Completion. Arabs. U--!" -- baytu'sh shams, The city of Heliopolis.
P <!-- by bk, Fearless, intrepid, bold. Impudent. Intre ~< c-w bayt-i tankabut, A spider's web. ! \t
pidity. ^\,- " J. Walking fearlessly, treading firmly. Baytu'llaham, Bethlehem. all) -- baytul lataf, Abagnio.
A J bibn, (pl. of ~\, bb) Gates, doors. Chapters.
brothel. bayt-i m-i or &\,...) <!-- baytul fargh;
P Ar by bad, Without blemish, faultless.
A water-closet. J" --~ baytu'l ml, The treasury, the
r Jar bi badal, Without an equivalent. Matchless. chamber of finance. The effects of one who dies intestate or
P_r by bar, Without fruit. Barren, fruitless, sterile. without heirs. (met.) An unfortunate fellow. Jul) G 3.
P_r > <! Ls, bi bargo bar, Fruitless, barren, poor.
khisina-i bayti'l ml, The royal treasury, the public revenues.
p J bi bas, Helpless. Uncontrolled. L; -) <!-- baytu'l mazmur, The heavenly temple, (i.e. Mecca,
Pra: b7 basar, Without foresight. Improvident, imprudent. being built in imitation of the vault of heaven). The seventh
fr bi bak, Unstable, frail, transient, perishable. heaven. r J bayt-i magmir-i sharitat, The
r Jr: b7 bal, Weak, wretched, poor. tabernacle of justice. J***) --~ baytu'l mukaddas, Jeru
A cr bayban, A species of willow. salem. -) --~ bayu'l malik, The king's palace. P --
* - 5 A* L bi bando bast, Unsettled (as a country). Jj. bayt-i shahriyr, The royal palace.
A&- Baybinat, Name of a well in Arabia. A -- bit (or & bitat), Provisions, victuals of every kind.
r & J bi bah, Invaluable, inestimable. &l. ,--- bit-i laylat, Provisions for one night or day,
rjee, bi bahr, Out of season, ill-timed, inopportune. p G Ls, b7 td, Without a wrinkle; beautiful.
r bi bahrah, Destitute. Unfortunate. S 54-chahra-i r bit, (in ancient Persian) A house.
by bahrah, An unlucky disagreeable countenance. * *-u- bi tb, I mpotent, feeble, faint. Impatient, restles.
t ..
ru r bibi, A lady, a matron. Good, happy. A saint. (It w
-- ---

e'F2 -9 us. To debilitate, or render impotent.

 & -
P &\\ bi tbnah, Instantly, voluntarily.
P * bitrah, A demon of a hideous form, striking terror.
p J bitl, Out of time. Ill-timed.
P J J bi ta-ammul, Inconsiderate. Thoughtlessly.
re bitn, Out of tune.
p & G! bitnah, (in ancient Persian) A stranger.
A c- c- bayta bayta, From house to house. -- 49
c-jri bayta bayta, Neighbouring, having contiguous houses.
rul J bi tahsh, Rash, precipitate.
Pr e b tadbir, Incautious, unwitting, inconsiderate.
P --> b tartib, Irregular. Disorderly. Inordinate.
rv us bi tashwish, Without mixture. Very pure.
rx s! bi tatalluk, Independent.
P Je bi tatalluki, Independence, freedom, franchise.
p *-j by takrib, Without cause, without apparent mo
<-3, J 2 r jus. Absurd and ill-timed.
tive or reason.
Fra L bi taksir, Without defect, without fail. Faultless.
*S by takalluf, Abruptly. Inconsiderately. All at Js bi haddo shumr, Infinite and innumerable.
once. Freely, without ceremony, or compliment.
*}^J J bi tamiz (for j, J), Undiscerning, injudicious.
p -j-. J bi tamizi, Want of judgment and discrimination.
*}:49 c bi tamyiz, Undiscerning. Indiscreet. Unpolite.
A ** baytitat (from c-), Passing the night. Doing any
thing during the night. A night's lodging.
P &9; J bi tsaknah, Contrary to custom; irregular.
P &; J bi tshah, Unprovided for, indigent, helpless.
r us bi tawakkuf, Without delay.
** Us! bi tah, Impatiently. Without a vestige. Bottomless.
A * (~~~ tarakahum haysa) baysa, He left them
dispersed here and there.
p bij, Out of place, unseasonable, improper, wrong.
Bijpur, Name of a city in India.
* * bijd (or sc bjdah), Amber. Motley colour.
r 7 sol bjdah-b, Red, or yellow-coloured. Wine.
* J **** bjdah shudan, To become yellow. To err.
* * e; s bjdah-gn-tgh, A bloody sword.
* sc bjdah-lab, Red-lipped, with lips like coral.
re's bijn, Lifeless, faint. Valiant. J J To kill.
**** by jaram, Faultless, innocent.
*** bijak, An invoice, a list.
p bijigar, Timid, chicken-hearted.
P J- us bijamli, Want of beauty, homeliness.
* - bijawb, Unable to reply, speechless.
*Pst bijawhar, Unskilful, ignorant.
p Jj be charagn, The helpless, the unfortunate.
P J be chragi, Helplessness, necessity.
P *\s be charah, Without remedy. Helpless, destitute,
*Perate, miserable, reduced to the last extremity.
" J bichl, Unprincipled.
305 &
* J b: chl, Misdemeanour, ill-behaviour.
P #!- be chargh, Without lamp or light; depopulated.
P cl Bichan, Name of a hero.
P bichand, A tree.
P & 2-l by chubah, A kind of small tent without poles.
Puys be chun, Incomparable, unparalleled. Unscrutable,
inexplicable. Pure, eternal, divine (one of the attributes of God).
U} Je2023. c- t, i-hazrat-i khlik parwardigar-i bi
chun, The omnipotent Creator, ineffable, inscrutable.
P es bihrjun, Delicate food.
P Je'> J bi hsil, Fruitless, barren, producing nothing.
P J hi hl, Ill-circumstanced.
A J bayhn, One who reveals his secrets. Name of a
man who was founder of an Arabian tribe; whence certain ca
mels are denominated&l=y bayhniyah.
P -\s bi hijb, Unveiled. Impudent, immodest.
P =w bi hadd, Boundless, immense. Immensely. , A-
P s bi hurmat, Disgraced. J Disgrace.
P Jss bi hiss, Destitute of feeling, insensible, senseless.
P -\-su bi hisb, Countless, immoderate. Inconsistent.
Pyxi-J bi huzr, Absent, inattentive. Disturbed. Of
fended, irritated, enraged. ej, Jr.is To be confused,
irritated, discontented. e-iss To molest, to trouble.
P sy-iss bi huzr, Disquietude. Anger. Inattention.
r $ss by hakikat, Insincere. Ungrateful. Insincerely.
r 3s, bi hikmat, Unskilful.
P - s bi hamiyat, Spiritless, dastardly.
ruzz-s bi hamyati, Want of zeal, or spirit.
P J--: bi hawss, Beside oneself, bereft of sense.
P \;=\; b hay, Impudent, shameless. Shamelessly.
P Jss bi hay-i, Impudence, effrontery.
* * bkh, A root. Origin. J * bkh-i khi, Fennel.
J *:: bkh-i anjabar, Bistort of snake-weed (an herb).
** * bkh-i pashm, Flesh. Jes * bkh kandan, To tear
up by the root. J-- J *g bekh-i gul-i tabbs, Jalap.
Pj bi khr, Without thorns; without fear or anxiety.
r Jss bikhl, Birds' dung.
revss bi khnmn, Without a domicile; a traveller.
r_<\! bekh-war, Having many roots. Ivy.
P - s b khyib, Wakefulness, inability to sleep.
p &\s b khayah, Without a testicle; an eunuch.
* n bi khabar, Ignorant, uninformed. Incautious. *
ey J-To be unacquainted with, to have no information of.
-
* -5,-\, bi khabari, Ignorance, imprudence, heedlessness.
P Jss bikhtan (or ej, pkhtan), To sift. To enslave.
To render impotent, deprive of motion. To become weak,
* 9;s bi khirad, Destitute of judgment, stupid, dull.
r x~2 =\{ bi khar o khwind, Without a master or Owwer
2 R. -
 r.
p ej b khizn, Perennial.
P c- bikhastan, To be unfortunate and destitute. To
enfeeble. To take prisoner.
P &.<\; bikhastah, Unfortunate, destitute. Captive.
r 2.3.9 bikhusht, A tree torn up by the roots.
r_las; bi khatar (or aks), Free from danger; safe.
re; t bkh-kan, Tearing up by the roots. A judge (as
extirpating thieves), a marauder (as destroying the subjects).
P J bkh-kani, Eradication, a pulling up by the root.
r Jss i khbi, Vigils. Wakefulness, inability to sleep.
P 3}<s bi kh'ni, Without flavour. Insipidity, tastelessness.
rus bi-kh'ahish, Without inclination or spirit; without
pursuit, object, or hobby horse.
p exist bi khd, Out of his senses, beyond himself, in ecstacy,
enraptured, mad, insane.
P sexiss bi khudi, Exstacy, rapture. Madness, insanity.
r }- 223-y bi khr o kh'ab, Disinclined to eat or sleep.
r Jss bi-khsh (or c--y), Friendless. Mad, insane.
P & bikhah, Weak, impotent, feeble, frail.
**** b khaylah, Purslain.
A 3: bayd (from Az), Perishing. Being separated from
one's kindred. Ruin, perdition. An extensive plain. Noxious,
unwholesome meat. Bayda, Besides, except, unless. Because.
e J bayda an, Except that. &\ bayd annahu, Unless that.
A & bid, (pl. of \ bayd) Deserts.
P & bed, A willow. An aspen. A rattan. . A mouse. The
moth which eats books, or woollen cloths. Useless, unprofitable.
Name of an evil spirit. Ur bed-wash larzn, Trem
bling like the aspen. c- A: bad-i kham, A green branch.
** 2: bd-i surkh (or r A: bd-i tabari), A species of
willow. c-s A bed-i majnun, The weeping willow. &
< 3... bd-i mushk, A tree from which a perfume is drawn.
Bed (for 2 buwad or **", bashad), He may be. (s z) The
vdas, or scriptures of the Hindus. Knowledge.
A \ bayd, A desert, an uninhabited dangerous region.
Name of a flat and extensive tract between Mecca and Madna.
pes bi dad, Unjust, iniquitous. Injustice.
*A* bdd-gar, A tyrant, an oppressor.
see- bi dadi, Injustice, lawlessness, tyranny, oppression.
P well as the weavers in Persia, do not sit upon benches, but dig
pylr bidar, Waking, watching. Attentive. Play, sport
ex~ bfdar shudan, To awake from sleep, to be vigilant,
alert, attentive. cl bzdar kardan, To awake, to rouse.
P ce-cl bidr-bakht, Of wakeful fortune.
r Jej bidr-dil, Vigilant, alert, quick of apprehension.
pJUlr bdr-dilz, Alertness, quickness of apprehension.
rj,J bdr-maghz, Prudent, intelligent, wary.
P *** bdrah, Timid, heartless. Inflamed with love.
P bdri, Wakefulness. Vigilance, attention. Con
scious. ~~~ (His) wakeful eyes, ever vigilant.
306 - C-9
p < * bi dasht, Careless, inattentive, negligent.
P Jl, bi dashti, Carelessness, inattention (particularly not
taking care of cattle).
P *** b dgh, Without scar or freckle. Spotless.
P ** bidam, Unjust. Injustice.
A L Baydn, Name of a well.
A&M.A., baydnat, (pl. cou"A" baydnt) A wild she-ass.
**** bdnjr, The shrub called Palma Christi or ricinus.
r J bi danish, Ignorance. Ignorant.
P J-le- b dnishi, Ignorance.
P &lar b dnah, Seedless.
P 30 & bed-baf, One who works on rattans; a basket-maker.
p u A. bd-bf, The art of weaving with rattans (as the
bottoms of chairs and the pannels of doors and windows).
P <& &: bd-barg, A spear, especially of a limber texture.
An arrow whose head resembles the leaf of a willow.
P **** bidpy, Friendship. Name of a famous Indian phi
losopher known to us by the name of Pilpy. He was vzir to
Dbshalim, an ancient king of the Indies, and author of the Tes
tament of Hshang (second king of Persia of the first dynasty),
which has received a variety of names according to the different
translations it has undergone; as Jvidan-Khirad, Humayun
Nmah, Kalila wa Damnah, Anvr-i Suhyli, and Pilpiy's fa.
bles. A part of it was translated into French, at Paris, in the
year 1644, by one David Said of Ispahn, from which our
English version is taken. The word Bidpy is not known to the
Hindus. The original of the book abovementioned in Sanskrit
is called Hitopades, and its author Vishnu Sarma. It has been
translated into English under the same title.
P t baydakh, An excellent horse. Fierce, untractable
P c-: b7 dukht, The planet Venus.
p J-A- bi dakhl, Dispossessed, excluded. Withholding:
keeping back part of the revenue. y
AJA: baydar, A threshing-floor. A corn-bin. -
P Jey-- bi darmn, Hopeless, remediless. Miserable.
P = 39A." by dirang, Without delay, suddenly, instantaneo"
ly. Quick, alert, nimble, brisk.
p sp bidarah, A blacksmith's ditch: (these artificers, *
circular or square holes about two feet in depth, where they
place their anvils, round which they sit upon the ground, with
their feet in the ditch).
P 8-99 J, bi dargh, Undeniable, evident, incontestible,
readily acknowledged. Unsparing, ungrudging, liberal, Re
morseless, ruthless, unpitying. 8-ye us! ~3 The divine aid.
Jj es' .8 His irresistible or remorseless scimitar. *W*
J* b? dargh shudan, To receive no denial. J t j bi
daregh kardan, To agree, to grant without regret, not to refuse.
re-r bdistn, A grove of willows, an osier-bed,
 _* 307

r;-& bidastar, The beaver.
r; e-- bi dast op, Without power or authority.
r_j - bi dastur, Ill-bred. Without precedent, unusual.
P cc bi datwa', Free from claims.
A J baydak, A pawn atchess. Solitary, single, unmarried.
** J baydak-i sim, A star.
p ** bd-giy, A sort of thistle.
r J bi dil, Heartless, dispirited, pusillanimous. Love-sick.
Melancholy, dejected, sad, stupid.
fr bidal, Wain words, idle talk.
P J* bi dili, Heartlessness, dejection.
P bi damagh, Brainless. Ill-tempered, easily provoked.
P*} bi rh, A wanderer, one who deviates, errs, or loses the
way. Unprincipled, dissolute. A courtezan. Anger. *}
c bi rh shudan, To wander, to deviate from the way.
r *} b7 rh shaw, Wandering, straying.
P b. rh, Deviation from the right way. J r.
bi rh: kardan, To be guilty of excess.
P ** by ra-y, A fool, an ideot, an imprudent man.
P ** bi rabt, Irregular, undisciplined.
P *** birbsh, (in ancient Persian) A cucumber.
H r Birbhum, (s Vira-bhiimi, The land of
Cowardice.
heroes), Name of a district in Bengal.
-

re, Birbiyn, Name of a hero. -

*A* bi damgh, Bad temper, impatience, irritability.
r J bidml, A dagger, a bright sword.
rv bed-mish, Name of a fragrant shrub.
rj Bedwz, Name of a mountain in Transoxania.
rv bi dos, Innocent, faultless (little used).
* J bi dawl, Shapeless. Uneducated, ill-bred.
P ~b bi dawlat, Unfortunate, unhappy.
Pey bidun, Without.
P N bidwand, Name of a stone used medicinally.
* ~ * b7 rahm, Merciless, cruel. A) t .*) us' e
That pitiless wretch who abandons his parents, and relatives.
pj, biraz, A fuller's beetle.
p r birzad, Iron filings. Solder. Galbanum.
A cr 2. of-r-i zamzam, The well of Zamzam at Mecca.
fr bir-zah (or r birz), Honey.
P Arc **) J bi rust-i tid, Innocent mirth.
r .r 07 rashk, Unambitious. Slothful, spiritless.
P ** by rizi, Without leave.

r t bi dahshat, Fearless, undismayed, unappalled.
F r bedi, A willow.
r bi daya, Unfeeling, pitiless,
~\us bi diynat, Irreligious, unjust, unconscionable.
p
**** **bi didah, Blind. Saucy. Ungrateful.
* Je J. bi din, Irreligious, heretical. An infidel.
AJ& baysir, A scatterer of words, a prater, a blabber.
P bizarah (or *A* bidarah), Fraud, deceit.
A ** bayzakh, Afat woman. Name of a place.
*J* bayzak, A foot-soldier. A commander. A falcon.
P Jr. bayrak (equivalent to Jr. bayrak), A standard, a flag,
colours. A troop. J.; , Jr. bayrak-i nir, The peep of dawn.
P *** Birkand, Name of a city.
P <!- bi rag: Heartless, without emulation.
* r bayram, A carpenter's hatchet. A wimble, an auger.
An instrument for piercing leather. A kind of silken stuff. A
small lever or bar. Birum, The ring-worm, or dry scab. A
blacksmith's instrument for piercing iron. Fried kidneys.
r eyr birun (for ex: birn), Out, without.
P <-->Jr. biranjst, The plant southernwood.

AA bi-r; A well, a pit. --> 2 The wells of Joseph ; the re bi rang, Colourless. The design or outline (of a
first is situated on the road from Jerusalem to Damascus, near
the borders of Canaan, over which the Muhammadans have built
picture). Beginning, foundation, principle. The Divine essence.
p > y Us: b7 ro, Shameless. Bold, rash, inhuman. A purse.
a mosque, as supposing that to be the well into which the par A ~2. Bayrt, Name of a maritime city in Syria,
triarch was thrown by his brethren. The others are those of stu
r & 2," biraj, The herb mallows.
Pendous structure at Grand Cairo, as described by our travellers,
and supposed to be the work of Joseph whilst minister of Egypt. rjy us birz, Unfortunate.
r bir, Lightning, thunder, a thunder-bolt. A deluge. A P-53 J Di rz, Destitute of daily bread.
A. ejr: birozaj (for P 832 r. prozah), A turquoise stone.
bed, bed-clothes. A handsome west. Learning by heart.
r birad, An old man. Pejj: birozan, A precious stone. A load, a burden.
*} biraz, The horn of any animal. P 552; birzah, A garment for daily wear.
p J bayrk, A standard, an ensign, a banner. A troop. Exterior, ex
Per birn or berian, Without, out of doors.
*jr bayrak-dar, A standard-bearer, a cornet. trinsic, foreign. The outside. From, a great way from. e.Jr.
* - - - *R
Js' biran amadan, To come out, to sally forth. To revolt.
" birgi, (st [yi [.) A Hind mendicant and peni
** who, having forsaken the world, leads a wandering life.
J*-* Jr birn faristdan, To send abroad, to emit, send
out, dispatch away. e Jr birn kardan, To extract, draw
"r, bayrm, Name of a Muhammadan solemn festival.
forth, lead out, export, throw out, eject. ex}_ } az birn,
birn, Passing by.
P&
(for ey. wiran) Desolate. From without, outwardly.
V: "irnah (for &\ wirnah), A place full of ruins. Fjr birntar, More foreign or external,
2 R 2
 C 308
Py r birn-sar, Coin notstamped at the mint, spurious.
P & 2 birnah, An outside garment, a cloak.
P r birni, External. The outside. A shirt, a shift.
rejy: birnin, External.
fr birah, Awimble, an auger. A mouthful, chew. Name
of a fortified place on the Euphrates.
Pej r birah-zan, An earthen pan used for baking bread.
P r biri, A bed. A cushion, a carpet.
r, bi riy, Ingenuous, sincere. Sincerity. Sincerely.
P r bi rayb, Without doubt, indubitably.
P J bi resh, Beardless.
r at bi rshah, Without fibres.
rer Bayrin, Name of a place. Birin, Fetid water.
Aj bayz, Injury, oppression. Poverty.
rj bez or biz, Sifting. Jr. & fitnah-baz, Sowing sedition.
Aj. bayzr, A falconer.
r_j bizr, Free, clear, exempted. Flight, escape. Wea
ried, disgusted. Languor, disgust, weariness. easy: To
have an aversion, to loath, abhor, detest. To become languid
or low-spirited, to despair. J To fatigue, vex, disgust.
r_j b zr, Without disgust, languor; or vexation.
P bizrah, Magnanimous. A lover.
P bzr, A royal diploma. A charter of liberty, a letter
of manumission. Vexation. Anger, ill-humour, displeasure.
A ej bizan, (pl. of j bz) Falcons.
Jj bi zabn, Without a tongue. Tongue-tied, dumb.
P
P Gj J bi zabn, Dumbness, silence.
r_j bi zar, Moneyless. A miser. Avaricious.
r &A-j- bi zar kharid, (Obtaining) without purchase.
**}}, ej b7 zan o farzand, Without wife or child.
P Jj J bi zawl, Unchangeable, imperishable.
F_2}: bi zor, Weak, impotent.
f sj, bi zahrah, Without bile; good-tempered, patient, for
bearing; indefatigable. Shameless.
r j : *-jus: b7 &eb o zinat, Ugly, awkward, inelegant.
P Jj bizidan or bzidan, To sift.
rej bi zin, Unsaddled.
Pej Bijan, Name of a hero or giant.
P al, Pure, genuine. Special, private.
A L ba-is (from U-3), Being unfortunate, unhappy, mise
rable. Pinched with poverty, miserable. Bi-sa, Fie! out upon!
cil) J bi-sal karin, Bad is the companion, real) v
bi-sa'l masir, Miserable is the abode (whither they return).
r & V t bi skhtah, Undisguised, plain, artless.
rj- bi sz, Unprepared, unaccoutred. Useless.
P J- es' bi smn, Wicked. Disproportioned. Stupid.
J- 2, sar-i bi smn, A brainless head, a dunce.
A c- Baysan, Name of two places.
P - bi sabab, Causeless, without occasion or motive.
C*
a U-- bispis, ('Eziokoros) A bishop.
r - bist, Twenty. Stand! stop! wait! Causing loss.
Any thing lost. (for <--" byist), It is proper, it behoves,
P z- bistkh, Impudent, shameless, rash.
PJ- bistr, Redundant, superfluous. Such a person.
P *-* b7 sitrah, Unfortunate, ill-starred.
P j- bistagn, A monthly pension, which used to be paid
upon the twentieth day. Wages.
re:- bistagi, Impunity. The leprosy.
* - & bistum, The twentieth.
Pe-r Bstum, Name of a mountain in Persia.
PU- bist7, A Persian coin of 20 deniers. A water-carrier.
P c- bstn, The twentieth.
P g- b7 saj, Shapeless, ill-made.
r-: b7 sakhun, Dumb, taciturn, mute. Doubtless.
P_-- bi sar, Peerless, unequalled. A hawk.
P <!-- bisarak, A two-year old colt.
r"; , ,- Us: b7 saro p, Without head or feet, weak, power
less, totally destitute. Immethodical.
P Jr- b7 saro dili, Absence of mind.
P J-2- b7 saro samn, Unfurnished, destitute, help
less. Confused, intricate. Deplorable. Depraved, villanous.
Mean, grovelling. Dirty, unclean. Wicked, impudent, lascivious.
P 3,-- bisrah, A sparrow-hawk, a merlin.
p ce's bi satadat, Unfortunate. Unhappy.
A 8- baysaka (for 8-> waysaka), (A particle of con
dolence; also of contempt) alas! wo! fy pho! out upon thee!
r& J bi sikkah, Unstampt (coin). Without respector
esteem, without freshness or beauty. -
P & A- bi salikah, Without method, irregular. Inexpert.
a -: baysam, An oak, which bears a fruit like a small quince.
re- bisan, Deadly poison.
r 3- bi sang, Without weight, gravity, or respect.
p_3-x Bisr, Name of a city.
A *:-" Al baysiaat, Name of a place.
P 35-3 biswah, The sixtieth part of an acre.
P & bisah, Spotted, varied. A magpie, a crow of different
colours. The leprosy.
A U.: Bish (or & Bishat), Name of a valley in Yammah
(a region in the centre of Arabia) which abounds in lions.
p U. bash, Much. More. Great. Good, ProPe" Well,
exeien, elegant, delightful. ~jJh-"
value or price. Name of an Indian poisonous herb, called N*
pellus Moysis, which is cut green, and when dry, is innocent and
medicinal. Jr- Ut besh-msh (or Je." j firatu'l bsh),
A kind of mouse, which lives amongst the roots oft herb.
P & V. bish-ibah, Without doubt.
P & tr.: b7 shubhah, Without doubt. Undoubted.
r_j\# U bsh bahr, Houseleek.
 309 *
**** bshtar, More. Broader. Longer. Exceeding mascus (where the Muhammadans believe that Jesus Christ
jr j- 33 d5 chizi ybshtar, Two or more things. descended from heaven). Liz A yad-i bayz, A white hand,
re bishtarin, The most, the greatest. the white hand of Moses; or simply, the hand.
P J bayzb (for xic bayzavi), A species of Persian
fu, s J. bisharmi, Immodesty, shamelessness.
pja- 5i shutir, Ignorant. A blockhead. writing where the curvatures of the letters are oval.
p c-: b7 shafkat, Pitiless, severe, harsh, unkind. Aekir Bayzn, Name of a well. Bizn, White men (in
r t bi shakk (or * > << bi shakh o shubhah), opposition to e'- sudan Negroes).
Without doubt, doubtless; without question, unquestionably. P &\i bayznah, The official mark of a superior officer.
*j bshkar, Labour performed without remuneration. The perquisites of a magistrate for marking public papers.
p -** bi shakib, Impatient. ra-3 J bi zabt, Irregular, unrestrained, wanton.
* Mat bi shumr, Innumerable. ray, r J bi zabt orabt, Without order or connexion.
P *J bsh o kam, More or less. A moderate quantity. a 3-i- bayzt, An egg. A testicle. A helmet. The head
r & bishah or bshah, A forest, a wood, a wild unculti ach (a lasting pain seizing the whole head). The middle (of a
wated country. A country overgrown with reeds and the like. country, of a city, of the head). A margin, border. A ring or
Revenge. Contumacy. Seeking to quarrel. Coagulated, cur circus formed by a number of people; also the area compre
dled, thickened. Blindness. A shepherd's pipe. It was for hended by a circular disposition of tents. A.!" & in The chief
merly, or before. Accustomed to, addicted to. *; <! of a city. A mushroom. J&s"+, (The egg of timidity) a
bisha-i bi tshah, The nook of poverty. virgin. Jia') 3.3: A cock's egg (because he is supposed to lay
y A 3: Bishah, Name of a village in Tihmah (Arabia). one only in his life; and thence it is used as a proverb for any
Aux~ bishi, A kind of sweetmeat. thing that either exists not, or is very rare). --~~) & Gum
rus bsh, Excess, increase. exuding from a sugar-cane. _\e) &i The light of the sun.
A J- bays or bis, Adversity, calamity. Confusion. Difficulty.
&* 3.3. A beautiful girl kept closely confined. r e--" <!
ve: J-3 3, He fell into confusion and difficulty. The world-illuminating sun, eje) 2,2 & 3: To hatch, to brood.
trus bi sabr, Impatient, restless, not brooking delay. J- * The terrestrial globe. 99 4-d. An egg in which
plve G bi sada, Dumb, returning no echo. the bird has not begun to be formed. Boiled. *je 4.ir. An
P& & bi sarfah, Useless, inconsiderate.
Nonsense. egg which jugglers conceal in their cap. e 8% je 4-di
r; r, J bi sarfah-g, An idle talker. The egg in his hat is broken. (met.) His deceit has become
rl. iisalih, Ill-advised, headstrong. known. Jj 3.3: An ancient Persian coin (so called from its el
A J- bays (from Ud), Excelling in whiteness. Having a liptical form). The sun. ** <i> The sun. 23.3%i Snow.
white swelling on the fore-foot (a horse). Laying an egg. The sun. The moon. Lightning. Jjj *** The stars.
Becoming intense (heat). Being divested of its prickles (the A Bizat, A white kind of light soil. A species of whitish dates.
l
plant J buhma). Remaining in a place. Raining. Be A s bayzawiy, Oval. Elliptical. Name of Ab Safid,

coming dry (wood). Whiteness, brightness, splendour. A a native of the city of Bayzah and author of a celebrated com
swelling on the fore-foot of a horse. Intense heat. A mark mentary on the Kurn. P 55-i Ma-A form of Persian writing,
* fixed to public writings by the magistrate or any principal officer. in which the curved tails of the letters are segments of an oval;
(pl. of ki bayzat) Eggs. Helmets. Biz, (pl. of J bayz) opposed to J Aa- in which they are portions of a circle.
Hens which lay many eggs. (pl. of 3 is bizat) White kinds of A Usix bayzi, Whiteness, purity.
,
light soil. (pl. of vil abyaz and \d bayz) White. The Aj. baytr (or ar), A horse-doctor. (sPAN. Albaitar).

fair-sex. L" ''' ayymul biz) The 12th and 13th (or ac r 3"> J. bi tkat, Powerless, impotent. -\ } e \a-
cording to some the 13th, 14th and 15th) days from the new J bi tkato tab shudan, To be deprived of all power.
moon, as being the brightest. Ja!" ye!" ad darahimul biz, P J w be takati, Impotency, weakness, imbecility.
Silver coins. Li 2u'l biz, Name of a place.
P J * bi tarwati, Want of moisture, or sap. Siccity.
. Ai. bays, (fem, of J abyaz) White, bright. The sun.
P 5A: baytarat (from A* Q); Practising the veterinary art.
*
Blank paper. A misfortune, calamity. Wheat or barley win
t

"wed, but still somewhat moist. A leathern bag, a scrip, a
P ** bitatn, Without flavour, insipid. Without food.
g Purse. A pot. A hunter's rope, gin, or noose. Name of a
P \-y: -* Ja bi talab o raj, Without request or petition.
* horse; of a palace in Basrah; of four towns in Egypt; of one in p J es b? tamati, Disinterestedness.
* Persia; and of a province in Mauritania. Vi z umm-i bayza, PJ} es' bi tawr, Ill-mannered.
Abiler, a kettle. ViJe dinarul bayza, The sun. *A*- A*- bays, Seed. The womb.
**ara-i bayza, The White Tower, or the Tower of Da r * bizarf, Without the power of containing.
 c 310
A t baye (from t), Buying. Selling. Commerce, deal
ing. Inauguration, salutation, acknowledging the authority of
a great man. A 2 t bay wa shar, Purchase and sale.
PJ% t bay kardan, To buy. To sell. To trade, to traffic.
A Bayyi, A buyer. A seller. A merchant, a dealer, a chap
man. A bidder, one who raises the price upon another.
r &\ baytnah, Earnest-money.
A c-s bay&at, Inauguration, salutation, acknowledging the
authority of a great man. Bitat, A temple, a Christian church.
The form and manner of selling. A contract, bargain, mer
cantile agreement. P e-le c-: To stipulate, to give the hand
upon making an agreement. J - To agree with, to re
ceive a promise or pledge for the settling of a bargain.
P Jes b tadl, Unjust, lawless.
r Je G bi &adil, Incomparable, unparalleled, unequalled.
A 5,) Al bayarat, Name of a place.
r jeux bi tizzat, Inglorious, dishonourable.
P Je & b takl, Without judgment or intellect. Foolishly.
P & S bay-nmah, A bill of sale.
P ----> bi finayat, Unkind, rude. Reckless, unconcerned.
P --> e b? &ayb, Without blemish, faultless.
A s: bajgh, Ebullition. The rapid circulation of the blood.
pJw
j\ bayghar,
baygnar, Reproach,
Ivep , reproof,
rep chiding.
g fellow, a vagabond, a vagrant, a poltroon.
p C bighal, A short spear, a demi lance, a pike.
r &\ bi ghyah (or - J. bighyat), Endless.
r J J by gharas, Disinterested; independent; indifferent.
r &\ bi gharasnah, Sincere, pure. Disinterested. Sin
cerely. &\,: J.--> Sincere, disinterested friendship.
r J L J. " ghashsh oghill, Without hatred or dissimu
lation. A sincere friend.
P ** J by ghamm, Without grief or anxiety. At ease.
Pyx J. by ghater, Shallow. Inconsiderate, thoughtless.
P & bighah, Fuel, fire-wood.
r & bighi, Removal, repulse.
p *r J bi ghirat, Spiritless. Wanton, rude.
p s bi -idah, Without advantage, useless, unprofitable.
P #2, J bifurgh, Without success. Inconclusive.
r & s; C: (.-3, farang-i) by farhang, The imprudent
Franks (or Christians in general).
r_<! b7 filer, Thoughtless. Content, tranquil.
* J J. bi fahmi, Stupidity, slowness of apprehension.
P & 4. bifahmid, Stupid, slow in comprehending.
P vir bifays, Unprofitable, possessing but not bestowing
(as a learned man who does not communicate his knowledge, or
a rich man from whose wealth no one receives advantage).
p >\ by kb, Without restraint. Secure.
r six-\ bi keidah, Without order or method; irregular.
P J b7 kl, Dumb, speechless.
A e bikn, (pl. of J buk) Trumpets, clarions.
A & bikat, A kind of pulse or pease.
J
rj bi kadr, Without dignity.
P ** bi kadam, Without a footing, unfortunate.
A,i Baykar, Name of a place.
- Pj bi karar, Inconstant, unsettled, variable. Impatient,
passionate. Afflicted, impotent.
P9);i b karari, Instability, inconstancy, restlessness.
A six baykarat (from q), Starting and running away (as
a dog at the sight of an ox). Sighing. Being fatigued.
rj"> <3 J bi Kasdo ikhtiyr, Unintentional, involun
tary. Unwillingly. Suddenly. Casually, accidentally.
r_> a i- bi kusur, Without defect, without fail. Completely,
entirely. Faultless, innocent.
P J b kalai, Untinned (as a pot).
AJ3: baykur, An ox. Name of a place.
P J:- b kawl, Regardless of one's word, faithless, perfidious.
p J- by kiys, Incomprehensible, immense, infinite, inex
plicable, contrary to the common order of things.
A 3.8 bikiyat, Tare, or darnel. A kind of pulse.
P J by kayd, Unrestrained, irregular.
r bayak (or back), To one, with one. * * *
He left it half finished. sy << At once, at one stroke.
rj bi kr, Without employment or profession, an idle lazy
P *** b kr, Want of employ, idleness.
P *** bi kam, Disappointed.
rj t bayak br, At once. Suddenly.
ru bi kas, Friendless, destitute. An orphan.
P baykam, A portico, a vestibule.
P --~%, bi kam o kst, Without increase or diminu
tion, without defect. Complete, perfect, entire. Accurate.
r & Baykand, Name of a city built by Jamshed.
t = <- bg, A lord, a prince.
P e bigadah, Averse from women, impotent.
** bigr, Employing any one without a remuneration.
P bgarah, Impotent.
P J bignagi, The situation of a stranger or person"
known; the being a stranger, or alien. Foreignness.
r &&. bignah, Unknown, a foreigner, a stranger, an alien.
U*3-2 & Strangers and relations, natives and foreigners.
2 -
r &2 bi gh, Ill-timed, unseasonable. Delay. Evening:
pe : b7 giran, Inestimable, infinite, immeasurable.
P bgam, A lady of rank.
P c- Z --
b7 - -
guman, Without doubt.
P s
Z
bi
--
gunah, Innocent, guiltless.
h & bighah, A land-measure about one-third of an acr
-
h J bigi, Atithe of two handfuls of grain out of each sack
to the Zamndr,
r J.: bil, A shovel, a spade, a pick-axe, a mattock, * rake, a
hoe. An oar. The loins. A basket for carrying away rubbish.
A gunner. A gardener, a vine-dresser. (in anc. Pers) * well.
 - *
h Jr. bel, (s fr) An Indian fruit containing in a hard
shell a pulp somewhat resembling the apricot in flavour.
r bil, Money set apart to be distributed in charity.
r). A \ bil-bar-dr, One of the retinue of a great man
who scatters money amongst the populace, an almoner.
s g bilaj, (s fss) Impudent, shameless.
r bilk, A flower. A garden. A cool grot.
* G bilk, A gift, a present.
r bilay, (in ancient Persian) A well.
a 3.2 bilat, Making water, or the doing any thing similar.
p * bilchah, A hoe, a small mattock.
r bi lihz, Imattentive, indiscreet, ill-bred.
rj bil-dr, A digger, a delver. A pioneer.
r 1.9 bilastah, The talons of a bird of prey. A kind of rose.
* -3\ bi latifat, Unpleasant, harsh, disagreeable.
r 2. Bilut, Name of the planet Venus.
**** bilfakhand, A collection, an assembly.
P J Baylkn, Name of a city in Armenia Major, near the
ports of the Caspian sea. Name of a district in Persia.
r & baylak, A royal mandate. A bond. Title-deeds.
Bilak, A two-headed arrow. A mattock.
P * baylam, The pod in which the cotton grows; also the
stuff, resembling a coarser cotton, on the top of the Egyptian
papyrus. A winble, an auger, a gimblet.
*} bilica, A druggist, an apothecary.
r & bilah, A mattock. An arrow with a broad head. An
island. A sort of medicine. A tray on which drugs are exposed
for sale. A privy purse. A royal mandate. The title-deeds to
an estate. Pus. The silk-worms cone. A cheek. A side.
** bim, (s Aftt) Fear, terror, dread, danger. A burden.
J- * The danger of life. t *_* In dread of destruc
tion. Ua- *} From the fear of his power.
bimr, Sick, infirm, afflicted. The eye of a mistress.
*- * A black or burning fever attended with perspiration.
p <&JJ bimar-barik, Phthisic, consumption.
"Jj bimar-parasti, A servant of the sick, a nurse.
**s-J bzmar-khanah, An hospital, an infirmary.
*j bimar-khz, Convalescent.
P c bimr-jun, The regimen of invalids. Sickly, ailing.
*::
*u-J bimr-sn, Like a sick person. A hospital. your favourable auspices.
*w:
.. bimr-ghanj, Infirm, ailing. Love-sick.
bimr-gn (or exjr bimuran), Sickly-coloured.
r -> J bi mijib, Without cause or reason.
* - 50.5 bimri, Majesty, reverence, awe, severity.
"c
Q * bimr-gin, The diet of the sick. Valetudinary. * U-x~ bimas, Unleavened bread.
**** bimarah, (fem.) Sick, infirm, indisposed. 2\le e' tys Us: b7 mawkit, Out of place, unseasonable.
* That charming patient, that beautiful sick woman.
*** bimah, Insurance against risk, eye5 &^: To insure
**** bimrz, Disease, sickness, infirmity. <<!j &*
A consumption. 59; &\t Diseases incident to boys. Pjt be mihr, Unkind.
* JV. us: b7 ma-l, Absurd, vain, fruitless. JV- JW
su-al-ib ma-l, An absurd demand.
3
11 cr
r St. Ls, bi mlik, Without an owner. St. -: St.--
mamlik-i f mlik, A kingdom without a king. "
P c bimn, Dishonoured, disgraced. Dishonourable.
r &L. J bi mnand, Incomparable, unparalleled.
P .* & b? ma-wa', Uninhabited, inhospitable.
PJ by mayagi, Indigence, poverty.
*** bim bar, Price, value. Frightened.
P Ju- U2 bi misal, Incomparable, unequalled. J J
J J-> e--dar kaml-i husm o jaml-i bi misal, In
the perfection of beauty and elegance unequalled.
p CVs bi majl, Powerless, impotent.
p\,\s": b7 muhb, Unceremonious, disrespectful.
* <!. **** b7 muhb palang, The world; fortune; death.
r 4-\s U2 bi muhsabah, Without calculation, at a venture.
p Lst: bi mahall, Impertinently, ill-timed.
ree. J bi madad, Unaided, destitute, unassisted.
Pr Ji mar, Immeasurable, infinite, innumerable.
r 2-2. Us: b7 marhamat, Without compassion. Pitiless.
* **, r* Us! bi muritwat, Clownish, rude. Ungenerous.
Per J (.959 duzd-i) bi muzd, An infamous robber, or thief.
*J b mazag, Distaste, disgust. Insipidity.
P r bi mazah, Insipid, tasteless. JA s}~. To disgust.
J--- J be masas, Without foundation.
P
~~~~ 57 mashakkat, Without trouble, or weariness.
P
PUs. -* bi magna', Unmeaning. Vain, frivolous, absurd,
unreasonable, ill-founded. Vainly, foolishly.
rjk bi maghz, Brainsick, giddy, superficial. ex- *
Je, bi maghzn-i tar-dnan, Fornicators, adulterers.
r Js J bi makl, Dumb, speechless, silent.
*A*-Cs. by mikdr (or 222. Us: b7 makdr), Without au
thority. Without resource. Poor, miserable.
r &la=\le J bi mulhazah, Inconsiderately.
* J J bi man, Spiritless. .
r J bi minnat, Without the necessity of asking, with
out entreaty, Without favour or obligation. Independent.
r x~. bimand, The mill-clapper. Rattles used by watch
men and boys. Any noisy instrument by which birds are fright
ened from gardens. Gravel scattered on a mill-stone.
A **) *** -J bi yumn-i himmatikumu'l taliyat, Under
* P
A J bayn, (from Jr.) Excelling. Excellence. Separation.
Distance. Interval, interstice. Absence. A desert. Conjunc
tilon,
i
connexion, union.
- -
er ~\S satul
-- ~~-
bayn, Friendship, con
- -
 - 31 Q
*d
cord. Jr." ~, ghurbu'l bayn, A crow of different colours,
a crow with a black body, and red feet and beak. A crow that
never approaches any spot till it has become deserted by its inha
bitants. Bayna, (used constantly as a preposition) Between,
among. ey!) Jr. bayna'lakrn, Between equals. 83 Jr.'
bayna zalika, In the mean while. c- er bayna's salatayn,
Between the two prayers (which are said in the mosques every
Friday about mid-day). J-) er baynan ns, Among men,
among the people. ** Jr. v baynahum bayn batid, Be
tween both the difference is great, the one is much unlike the
other. & Jr. bayna yadayhi, Between his hands (i.e. before
him, made use of particularly when an inferior appears before a
superior), Jr. c sus's shay-un bayna bayna, Indifferent,
neither good nor bad. Weak, infirm. A hamza (x) between
two short vowels.
per bin, Seeing. See thou (the irreg. imperat. of Je di
dan). Excellent. J G- z- (or Jr. ir- $e), The
eye discerning truth. Jr. J-jahn-bin, Seeing the world,
comprehending the idea of the whole universe. c s,3-khur
dah-bin, Seeing minute objects, subtile in judgment, acute, pe
netrating. J J39 dur-bin, Seeing far. A telescope. <!--
er maslahat-bin, Dispatching business, skilful in managing af.
fairs.
A cr bin, A tract of country. The confines or marches be
tween two countries or places. As far as the eye can reach.
A c bayyin, Clear, evident, manifest, distinct, plain, perspi
cuous. Eloquent. z cr: zs Words clearly expressing,
evidently concluding. c: bayyinul khilf, Showing
the contrary, demonstrating to be false, or repugnant.
A \ bayn, In the mean time, whilst.
p\ bina, Seeing, clearly-sighted. A sort of long grass.
(in ancient Persian) The moon.
A \ bina, (pl. of Jr. bayyin) Eloquent.
A \ baynan (or "\ bayyinan), Distinctly.
P ~~ binab, Vision.
A -\ bayyinit, (pl. of & bayyinat) Evident proofs.
p r binarah, Agigantic demon. A frightful, detestable face.
P J- bins (or c=-\ bindsag), A window.
P * bi nam, Without a name. Nameless, anonymous.
Without character or reputation. The ring-finger.
P Ly Us! b namus, Without law or religion. Uncivilized,
rude, rustic. & 5 Ly J bi nms o nang, Clownish,
without politeness or shame.
re. bina-7, Perspicacity, strength of sight or of mind,
penetration, vision. A lunar month (in the Zand avest).
A -- binab, Periwinkle, chamaedaphne, spurge-laurel.
A & bayyinat, An evident demonstration, a positive proof.
Pejy & To bring proof, to demonstrate clearly (by witnesses).
a c-r bint, A rattan.
-
---
rej biyanjidan, To sift. To be taken prisoner. To
be made captive, helpless, and impatient.
P & binad, Hope. A number. Biyand, They are.
Py bindar (or 99, J.), A spurious, illegitimate son,
P 99-, bindu, A lying rascal, a scoundrel.
PU r binish, Vision, sight. Providence.
P -- bi nasib, Destitute, poor. Unfortunate.
A lar binat, A weaver.
r_< a" b7 nazir, Matchless, incomparable.
P *** b naziri, Pre-excellence.
P --- * binak-i chashm, The pupil of the eye.
A \ baynam, In the mean time, whilst.
rjv by namz7, Ceremonial impurity in women (dis
qualifying them for engaging in prayer).
r K bi namak, Insipid, saltless, tasteless. Ill-favoured.
re: b7 namaki, Insipidity. Ill behaviour. Ingratitude.
P * binand (from J&J didan), They see, will see, or may
see. Hope, expectation. More. How many
p s binandah, A spectator, beholder. The eye. Provident.
p J- b2 nang, Shamelessness.
** bina, A dairy-house. White meat or dishes made of
milk. Butter-milk, churned, strained through a cullender, and
dried in the sun. Thick, rich, sour milk, from which the butter
has not been taken.
P \; Us, bi naw, Helpless, unfortunate. A beggar.
P Jy J bi naw-7, Indigence, poverty, beggary.
- bi nur, Without light, blind.
P %- binuk, Butter-milk dried in the sun. The sides of a
saddle, between the horse and the legs of the rider. A saddle-cloth.
A J Baynn, Name of a place in Yaman (Arabia Felix).
A ** baynnat, (from c, Being placed at a distance, se
parated or distinguished (one thing from another). Being joined.
An interval, interstice, chink, crack, fissure, or separation of
parts. Name of a place in Arabia.
P c binuwin, A kind of food made of butter-milk.
A & Baynah, Name of a place.
P & bi nihyah, Without end, endless, infinite.
Pus bini, The nose. The snout. The brain. (from U99
didan), Thou seest, wilt see, mayest see. s. *** The snout
of a hog. *; **** The nose of a mountain, a promontory.
rj\,: bi niyz, Without prayers or entreaty, in want of no
thing. Jj bi niyz kardan, To relieve from indigence:
to guard one against want, to give charity.
* * G bini-band (or 92 - bini-war), The nose-cover
i.e. a veil worn by the Arabian ladies.
A t baynis, The fish called bonito.
*_* s bini-dar, The curtain of the door of a chamber"
tent. A cramp-iron which fastens planks together.
rye J bini-dirz, Long-nosed. A kind of sturge
 _*
yu. bini-darah, The nostril.
Pjtr by hunar, Withoutingenuity. Lazy, slothful.
p : bayit, A bridegroom. Biy, A moth. A lath. Dung.
rl: biwarah (or J bzwr), A foreigner, a stranger.
Destitute. A rolling-pin. -
rj}: biwz, Quiet, peaceable. A bat. Acceptance, reply.
P*-* bi wasitah, Without means. Causeless.
"J"- bi wa, Without a patron or protector.
*J biwn, Leave.
re. A 3: biy baridan, To bolt in eating.
h *** biypri, A dealer, a chapman, a huckster.
A r buyit, (pl. of c- bayt) Houses. e--- .***
Ls The houses of the faithful believers. Bayyut, Last-night, the
evening before. The remains of yesterday's victuals. Noctur
nal labour. c ) amr-i bayyut, The work of the night,
any thing done with great care, that smells of the lamp.
A ** buyitt, (pl. of r buyilt, pl. of c- bayt) Many
houses. A Out-houses. House-expenses; household; house-tax.
An office for registering the effects of deceased persons.
A Jr buyutati, An officer who holds the above charge.
*** bayyutat, (An animal) not shedding teeth when the
time of changing arrives.
*** Us: b7 wujud, Non-existing. Humble, low. Mean, vile.
A x! buyid (from J), Departing from one's friends. Dying.
Perishing. Perdition, ruin.
r biwar, Sixty thousand (in the Pahlavi or old Persian
ten thousand). Any thing circular. The kernel of a walnut
when dry and bitter. Name of a king.
**): Bward, Name of an ancient champion. Name of a
city in Khursn.
***): bitcardah, (in ancient Persian) A thousand.
* ~~); Biwarasb, Name of Zuhk a king of Persia.
**): Biyaterambrah, Name of a town in Egypt.
* - biwari. See 23: bizar above.
*j: byz, Injury, oppression. Poverty.
* ej}: birca-zan, A widow.
* Cx bayas, Avarice, cupidity. Hope, expectation. Hu
mility. Flattery.
***: bayusandah, Abasing one's self. Hoping.
* < *: baysidan, To hope. To excite hope. To flatter.
p J: buyush, Humility. Listening. Hope. Sham poverty.
* J buyushanidan, To humble. To cause to submit.
* -** bayuz, (A hen) laying many eggs.
*** buyiis, (pl. of J& bays) Eggs.
* \s bi wasti, A breach of good manners, indecorun.
*** waa, Faithless, insincere, deceitful. Ungrateful.
p 3. #, s bi wa-7, Want of faith. Perfidy, ingratitude.
A c- Biykn, Name of a village in Khursn.
g * ~3, * * *akt, Untimely, ill-timed, unseasonable.
313 &-
---
FA, J f wakr, Without character; dishonourable.
* s, L be truk, Inexpert, unpractised.
* < * dayg (equivalent to : bay), A bridegroom.
P G- bayugan, Nuptials. A marriage-feast.
P J- b7tcag, Widowhood.
"J- buyul/dan, To hope. To trust. To consider.
Pey bayun, Opium.
A ex bayun, (A well) deep and full of water. Buyun, (pl.
of cr bin) Tracts of ground. Districts within view. Intervals.
P r bricand, Treachery, fraud, perfidy.
p : b7 wah, (s fata I) A widow. A widower. A stran
ger. Wild cucumber.
p J-
biwahgi, Widowhood.
A. *> Baywit, Name of a village near Basrah,
P s behudah (for sext bihudah), Vain, absurd. Villainous.
P L-A J bi hiris, Fearless, intrepid.
P b7hrak, bihirak, or bihurak, A Persian intercalary
month introduced once in 120 years, and celebrated with one
continued festival. The old Persian year consisted of twelve
months of thirty days; to the last of which they added five,
making thereby their year 365 days; but, with regard to the
excess of six hours, instead of our more regular mode of Leap
year, they thought of no further intercalation till the surplus
hours amounted to thirty days, when the 120th year was made
to consist of thirteen months.
A U-t bayhas, A lion. A strong courageous man. A wo
man who walks well.
A 3-t Bihasiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
P Gz Bayhak, Name of a city.
* Je: b himl, Incomparable, excellent.
P G--: b7 himmat, Without exertion, or resolution. Hum
ble, unambitious. Lazy, slothful, mean, wile. Pusillanimous.
r t bi hamt, Incomparable, inimitable, super-excellent.
rej bayhan, The flower rosa canina. Bihan, A porcupine.
P_-t be humar, Without virtue. Ignorant, unskilful.
P c-e by hangm, Ill-timed, untimely, unseasonable.
* ext: bayhild or bihild, Cloth singed and yellow, from being
too nigh the fire.
P Je bihdagi, Absurdity, folly.
* Je: bayhidan, To singe. Bihdan, To talk nonsense,
***:t bayhdah, Singed. Bihdah, Vain, futile, imper
tinent, absurd, ridiculous, foolish, ill-applied, without foundation,
ill-timed. False, villainous. **:::: J Labour in vain, a
foolish attempt. **** .-A& ldle words, trifles.
* J s; t bayhidah shudan, Tobe singed and yellow by fire.
* L bi hsh, Insane, mad, distractea. Stupified, sense
less. Jes U-> J" hosh shudan, To lose one's senses.
J J b; hashi, Insanity. Fainting. Stupefaction.
| P Cyr: bihn, Better. Swift-paced.
2 S
 9 314
v w
A& bi-it, State, condition.
A G- buyayt, (diminutive of ~ bayt) A small house.
A \ bayid, (from 9:3) Perishing. Ruin.
A52% ba-rat, Whatever is laid up in a treasury or granary.
Av- ba-is, Strong, bold. Stern, severe. U-2 ,-\e
&azb-i ba-7s, A severe punishment.
A & ir buyuysat, A hexagonal building. A house orna
mented with pictures. The world. Name of a wall between
Aleppo and Palmyra.
A J ba-il, Small and weak.
Q->
r
- pa or p, The third letter of the Persian alphabet, which
having the exact power of p, is herein represented by that letter.
It is interchangeable with C3 fe; as J-9 farsi or J parsi,
Ar-, saped or 3:3- safed, and often with C- be 5 as s-pd
shh and sle's bdshh. cr pe does not occur in the Arabic
alphabet; thus, for J-pil they write J3 il.
p\ pa (and * pay), The foot, the sole of the foot. A foot
step, a vestige. A cause, pretence, pretext. Power, strength.
Opposition, resistance. Here it may be observed, that all Per
sian nouns ending in f ye drop it for the most part, unless when
followed, in construction, by another noun. \ pa is frequently
used in composition; as *_\- chahr-pa, A quadruped.
py." \, pa-f-ar, A shoe, a slipper.
rj \, pa-afshr (or j,\ pit-ajr), A weaver's treadle.
P}\,\;\ pa-andaz, A carpet spread at the entrance of a room,
on which the feet are cleaned.
pJ 9 pi-acrinjan, An ornament for the ankle.
r;s \ p-h, A building of a hexagonal form. An apart
ment hung round with pictures.
P pab, A father.
Pl \ pa barja, Firm, immoveable.
P J \, pa-baranjan, An ornament for the foot.
P J * \ pa baland kardan, To lift up the feet, to run.
P A-3 pit-band, Fetters. The joints of the foot. Fettered.
p L-2% p-bs, Kissing the feet. Reverencing. The heel.
P J-29 pa-bs?, Reverence, worship, adoration.
p 4% p-bk, A shoe.
p\,\! papa, \,\! *J Rim-papa, The Romish pope.
Father.
P <<! paptarik, ()--" ba batrik or --: pa basta
rik), Raising up the uvula of a new-born infant.
*#8 pipa, Uneven ground. Soft clay.
P J. ppas, Fettered, bound by the feet. A fetter. Rust.
One who remains idle in a place. Lazy, indolent, slothful, im
potent.The fortification or defence of a town. e U
papas awardan, To abandon, to recede, to give up a pursuit.
--
c:
To be routed. ex 'ev p pas dashtan, To have an aver.
sion to a wife, to approach her seldom.
P J. p-posh, A shoe, a slipper, a sandal.
P ** p-piydah, On foot.
P <2\, pat, Raw silk. A throne. A state-bed.
P &\,\! p-tabah, The ribands or straps of sandals. Wreaths.
Bandages, rollers. A sock.
P J. ptn, Together with.
r x,\,\ patwah, A sock. Plenitude. A kind of cushion.
pJ-k ptipras, (in anc. Pers.) Recompence, retribution.
P <-s patat, Worthy, suitable. -
P <<\; p-takhtah, A shoe of undressed leather. The trea
dle of a weaver's loom.
P s patrigah, A patriarch.
P s patashgh, The love-apple.
P s pattilah, A copper-saucepan. A window.
P J patangan (or s patangh), The love-apple.
r;" pati, The signs Gemini and Virgo; or, (according to
others), Aries and Scorpio. A large earthen pot.
P \;< patawa, A kind of shoe. A sock.
li e';" patican, Interest on money lent to Zamndrs,
ii &\! patah, (corruption of s D(P) A lease of house or land.
p* ptzlah, A cauldron, kettle or pot (of copper or brass).
r_j\t ptmr, Haste.
J pat?n?, A sieve.
p
p&\-9 p-jamah, Trowsers, long drawers.
J-p.j, Mean, low, grovelling.
P
p &-9 pjiynah, Meanly.
P --~~~ J- pji-parast, A patronizer of mean upstarts.
P zy- J. paj7-misij, Mean-spirited.
P J- pchl, The treadle of a weaver's loom. A work
man's shop. A cook's shop, a place where they sell heads, feet,
and intestines (of oxen or sheep). A fruiterer or green-grocer.
P e-8 pachan (equivalent to e pshn), Scattering.
f s-p-chh (or s-\, p-chhah), A weaver's treadle.
P &\-9 pachayah, Ordure, urine, filth.
P - pachak, Dried cow-dung used for fuel.
P <!-9 pa-chilah (for <!--9 p-ch'ilah), A snow-shoe.
P &\--: pach-nmah, A surname. An ally, a companion.
P <!--" pchang, Small loop-holes in forts, through which
they can look with one eye only; garret-windows, fan-lights over
doors. A shoe, a sandal.
%-9 pachuk, Cow-dung dried and used for fuel.
P
&-9 pachah, Feet (of sheep, calves, or other animals, *P*
P
cially when boiled). The skins of the feet of any animals. **
Jj Cooks who sell the heads, &c. of animals ready dressed.
re--: pachydan (for eye-s) To scatter. To go softly:
r & re-\, pchlah, A shoe, a sandal. A snow-shoe.
P & pakh (or t bkh), Gold or silver full of dross or bad -
alloy, unrefined. Adorned, ornamented, decorated. Be"ful.
 2.
Ingratitude. Wile, base. Lime, plaster, mortar, cement. An
embassador, envoy, legate. A beautiful form. Yesterday.
re c- p-khak kardan, To trudge, to travel.
P <! pkhtah, A bricklayer's plummet.
P *A* pkhrah, A seat, a stool, a bench.
P & S.U. pakhisah, Worn, trampled, or trodden under foot. A
brick, or parallelipipedum of clay, well baked, from three to five
feet in length, and of a breadth and depth proportioned to the
intended building: with these a structure is soon raised. An
edifice so constructed. A plasterer's trowel for smoothing walls.
p ---p kh'ast (or --~~! pa-khost), Trodden under
foot, trampled upon.
P c-p-khurdan, To be cheated and gulled.
P <\; pakhah. See <--9 above. Uj <\; (or cy; ****),
One who builds with the above-mentioned bricks. A turtle.
p **'. pkhirah, The lowest stratum of stones in a wall.
* ej **** pkh-rah-zan, A builder. A mixer of mortar.
repid, (prefixed to a noun) Protecting, guarding. Carry
ing off, driving, forcing, impelling. Hindering, preventing.
Curing, healing, Great. Firm, durable. An impression. Un
derstanding. A throne.
P cl pa dadan, To send. To invest with authority.
P Je. pdr, Always, continually. Permanent. A fleet horse. man. Adam. Muhammad. Padshah, A son-in-law.
The 20th day of the month according to the aera of Jalalu'd din.
*U.S. padsh (Je's badsh, e-es pdsht; or ele: rial, royal.
pdshan), Revenge, vengeance, retaliation, reprisals. A re
ward, compensation. Retribution.
P 'es p-dam, An oratory. One who prays with great devo
tion. A gin, a springe. A bird tied by the foot to decoy others.
p lepadniy, A root resembling a carrot.
r;'<!, pdw, An old woman. Name of a place in the dis
trict of Kazwn.
p Je, pd-ban, A foot-band, a tether.
pdar; A trembling in the limbs.
h}* pdra, The flower of an Indian tree.
*y-, p-dirz, Content, tranquil, at ease. -
*** Je 9 p dirz-i gustkh, Excess of arrogance.
P J p dar rikb, Mounted on horseback. Prepared
for ajourney. In dying circumstances. Escaping. Beginning year. Rain. Flight.
to turn sour (as wine). A journey.
p Je p dargil, Having the feet sticking in the mud, in
* Inorass, &c. Depressed, embarrassed, entangled, bewildered.
"s" pdrang, A cucumber. Rice. Sickness.
*...* pdr (j, xye, or z;Je"), Sweet basil, a Tales of a
clove-jilly-flower. A kind of pot-herb.
PAj', pd-zahr, Expeller of poison. The bezoar-stone.
p ~e? pa-dast, Buying or selling on credit.
"U pdash, Premium, reward. Retribution, vengeance.
p** pdshh, An emperor, sovereign, monarch, king,
Prince, great lord. It is nearly synonymous with the following
315 _* w
words expressive of the same dignity, s shahinshah (king
ofkings), JJ, shariyr (friend of the city), e- khan (lord),
J'al- sultn, s shah or & shah (king), ra, kaysar (Caesar),
<-3 kisra', 2-&- Khusrate (Cyrus or Cosroes). Pdshah is
however in general reckoned a higher title, and is frequently
used with various adjuncts and epithets: as \e Ale"; King of
the world; cr xy 2'--: Sovereign of the face of the
earth; <--> .*** Emperor of the seven climates; .***
e:-- * Lord of the four quarters (of the globe); .***
*-33, r Je Ass, e; s, or e\-- ***,
The emperor" of exalted dignity or majesty; * * **
The king, the asylum of the world; 4) J A&e The mo
narch, the shadow of God; ; J- J- 5 J > *.**
King of the sea and land, and equal in dignity to Alexander;
j J Jj 3.2% ex~~! A monarch exalted as the
heavens, and a prince of illustrious descent; 2 J-9 v A&e
e- c- Emperor of the face of the earth, and a
sovereign like heaven in majesty; al- .** (and sometimes
with the addition of) l-a- --- e.V." *= Al-& The
commander of the faithful, and monarch of sublime dignity, of
most august magnificence, c- .*** or c> .*** The
sun. 52; t .*** The king of Sistn. The sun. An upright
r &\ssel pdshhnah (or juse", pdshhn), Impe
Royally, princely, imperially.
P se; *** padshah-zadah, A king's son, a prince.
ressu-pdshh, A kingdom, empire. Monarchy, royal
dignity. A reign. Royal, imperial. A king, a certain king.
P &e padshah (equivalent to s\te padshah), A king.
P &ge; pdgnah, A high roof. A high window.
P J pdal, A flower.
-
P <&e. padang (or <es padangah), A flail. A pestle.
P ** pdah, A herd of oxen. A drove of asses. A walking
stick. A meadow, a pasture.
P e s padah-ban, A shepherd, a pastor.
P -\;<\; pdyab, Washing, purifying (a thing) by prayer.
r29% pa-dir (or A* p-sir), A prop, a support, a buttress.
rj par, Past, elapsed. A bit, a piece. A skin, a hide. Last
P t prj, Any thing presented to a superior.
r praw, An old woman.
P*** parchah, A piece, segment, section, morsel. Cotton
or linen-cloth. A garment, robe, as in the Tti-nmah (or the
Parrot) : *** > 93 v 5 <-- " Ve;- :
&c" J -$9; **** j And having adorned and or
namented her face (beautiful) like the moon, and arrayed herself
in her gold-wrought robes, she approached the parrot.
P parad, The vermin called the tike, which annoys cattle.
P c, prdan, A sack. A drinking-cup. Wine.
P r par-dum, The crupper.
2 S 2
 3% w 316 c w

* 59% pardu, Balm.
r soj przadah, A fetid gum. Swaddling-clothes.
p 95) prjad, Any kind of medicine.
P J pars, A pard. Persia. Paris, Paris. Alchymy.
P w parsii, Pure, chaste, devout, pious, holy, religious,
abstinent, continent, above reproach. Legitimate, lawfully born.
P j pzr, A peasant's shoe made of raw leather, or the
bark of a tree. Any kind of bandages wrapt round the feet.
The swaddling-clothes of an infant.
P \}\; pasb, The bezoar-stone.
P : Pzpurmi, Name of a city famous for grapes.
P Jj paztri, A portion, a part. !

Clever, skilful, adroit in business. c) w parsa-zan, Pure, P t: pazakh, A voice. A sigh, lamentation. *

chaste, devout woman. The wife of a holy man. P sej pa-zadah, Trampled, trodden under foot. !,

P J-J pr-sal, The last year. P L: pazish, The weeding, rooting up of noxious plants.

P J parsa-7, Chastity, purity, abstinence. P. J. j pzgir, The tail of a serpent or dragon.

P &99 pr-sang, A makeweight.
P ** parsah, Poor, a mendicant. Indigence.
P J. Parsi, A Persian. Persic.
P J-y Parsiyn, The Prsis or worshippers of fire.
P L: parsh (equivalent to L: pars), A pard, a leopard.
P Kparshak, Honourable, venerable, respectable, pow
erful. Brave, bold. Jealous.
P e-'-2 ~% \ p rikab bar dashtan, To mount a horse.
P parg, Prostitution. A receptacle of water.
P J pargin (or s pasgin), A sink, a drain, a sewer.
P ej pazan, The mountain-goat.
P *j pa-zand, A commentary on the Zand. See bazand.
P : pazum, Meat, food, victuals.
P *}\, pazah, A shepherd's crook.
pJj pazahar, Treacle, an antidote against poison or venom.
The bezoar-stone, lapis lazuli.
P ~3% pa-zeb, An ornament for the foot.
f sj pzdah, A butterfly. A bat, a reremouse.
* 23% pa-zir, A buttress, a beam for shoring up a wall.
P *#3% pazijah (or cj pazin), A small part of the night. *.

P t: pa-ranj, Money given to singers and dancers at wed-
dings and other entertainments. A remuneration to messengers
or errand-boys. Paranj, An orange.
P J. pa-ranjan, An ornament for the ancle, a garter.
P J parandagz, Acrid humour. Rain, dew.
P}\, Pj, Name of a place in the dependencies of Tus. 's
P t;" pjakh, Affliction, complaint. Pjukh, An answer.
r_3\, pj-kar (for z bz-gir), A collector of revenue. -
P e-jpiigin (equivalent toe- prgn), A drain, a sewer. *.
P&z pj-nmah, A surname. A peer. A friend. '*-

rj paru (or . pariab), A shovel. An old woman. P<j pjang, A little window. A shoe. .
*3), A parwaz, A shoe, a slipper, a sandal. rj paju, A kind of pot-herb, beet, spinage. A door-post.
P : parud, A vine-arbour or prop. P ** pjawah, A wart, a knob, an excrescence. Pjuwah, '*.
rej parudan, To winnow, to fan. A horse having three or all of his feet white. A distemper
P &j paruluh, A board, lath, shingle, chip, or splinter. A breaking out upon the body.
braggart. A mimic. A silly stupid fellow. P 359 pjah (for &-\; pchah), Feet (of sheep, &c.) dressed. s
P * parah, A piece, portion, fragment, morsel. An iron inace. rjj pjir, The bezoar-stone. *.
Quicksilver. Flight. A piece of money equal to a French sol P J-4 ps, A watch of the day or night, three hours. A guard, .
or penny. A gift. A bribe. Born. A sweetmeat. A blemished a centinel; defence, protection. Regard for, in consideration of. S.,
damsel. The isle of Paros. * 3 yak prah, Solid, in one | Sadness, heart-ache. Fear. Covetous. << J-4 Faithful s
piece. 37 Gruel for the poor. 393 9% A strip of yellow | service. Js- ~~% For sake of, in deference to. s
cloth which the Jews in some countries are obliged to wear. P ---, p-skht, Ready prepared.
* ej * The mending or patching of a garment. P e- pasd, Defence, preservation. s
9. parah-prah, In pieces, piece-meal.
P r_\- psr (or j-3 pspr), A kick, a wince. A cuff. *:
p J * * prah-prah kardan, To tear to pieces. P J-4 ps-bn, A centinel, guard, watchman. A shep- 's.
P 529 * prah-dz, Amender of old clothes. A tent-maker. herd. J, &la= .e.-: Angels. ** z J-: (or J-4 t

ry w parah-kr, Airy, saucy; a coquette. 43) The planet Saturn. S.

P : pari, Succeeding well, any thing which happens fortu- P J-ps-bn, Keeping watch; watch and ward, protection. *
nately. Fruit. Of last year. P <<- \; pi-sabuk, Swift of foot. A long arrow with four *
P~\,\! paryab, Tillage of the beds of rivers. wings for shooting at a mark. - s
PJj paridan, To fly. p sea- \ pas tdah, Standing on foot, ready, in order. s2\, s
Pcy prin, Last year. Of the last year. sea-, mdah op's tadah, Ready, prepared, and on foot.
P4-y prnah, Old, ancient. eu-, pstn, Former.
P
rj pz, Sincere. Elegant, graceful. ju- pastani, Of former times.
P s
P z pzj, A midwife. A nurse. P Ju-\; pstniyn, The ancients.
 39w 317 J% *

p sta.' pstinay, A parsnip. -

Py; p-fazar, A shoe, a slipper.
** P& psukh, An answer. e-le *: To give an answer. P t pk, Pure, chaste, innocent, modest, clean, neat, holy.
* X* shakar-psukh, Giving a mild, sweet, gentle answer. Perfect, full, complete. --T "; pk-ab, Pure water. ".
rja- ps-dr, A centinel, a guard, a night-watch. * , pk o pakizah, Quite pure, polished, meat, clean. To
p --: ps-dri, Guardianship. Partiality. tally, entirely. J <\; pk kardan, To purify, wash, polish,
p 5-; psarah, Ground given rent-free in lieu of wages. furbish. *::$ pk-boy, Chaste. j <! pk-baz, Having
P <<! psak or pasuk, Yawning.
a fortunate aspect, or a fine countenance. Sporting harmlessly.
P <<!. p-sang, A little. A balance. A makeweight. An honourable lover. A fair dealer. A saint. er- ".
ry- p-suwar, A pedestrian. pk-daman, Chaste, pure, free from blemish. J. pk-shan,
P J:-" pas-wan (for e-ps-bn), A watchman, a guard.
Noble, illustrious, of exalted dignity.
P *-*. pasah, Inclination, propensity. Grief, sadness. P -52% pk-boy, Pure, chaste.

i. re-" past, A watch of the night. P_\, p-kr, A sub-collector of revenue. A nightman.
P J*-* pasidan (or w-" basedan), To guard, to keep. P J} Ja- J% pkn-i khatt-i awwal, The angels who bear

*Jpsh, (in comp. from J-: pshidan) Diffusing, scat the throne of God.

tering. U.S. 4x4 shuelah-psh, Scattering flames. J w
siy-psh, Diffusing light.
t psh (for Lu bsh), A great lord, a bash. Fx
*** pshm, The membrane enveloping the pia mater.
The caul containing the bowels. Oil extracted from nuts.
**** p-shamah (for <!-u p-jmah), Long drawers.
P <! pshtah, The heel, the fleshy part of the foot. <\;
J9 pshta-i dur, The foot of a door.
p <<! pashak, Yawning.
r pshn, The heel. A cucumber kept for seed.
r & S pashnmah, A surname. A peer, an equal.
re" pashang (or <! pashangal), A small cluster of
grapes. A cucumber or melon kept for seed.
* <! pashinah, The heel. The sole of a shoe, particularly
that part answering to the heel. A pumice-stone with which
they rub the heels when in the bath. The foot of a door, or that
part which revolves in a socket, in the threshold or lintel, and
*erves the purpose of a hinge.
* ~}} <\; pashinah-kb, Treading close upon the heels.
*** psh, A shepherd's crook, a traveller or pilgrim's staff.
p pshi, A diffusion, a scattering, a sprinkling.
p -*. p-shib, The declivity of a mountain. A foot-stool. stalks, &c. Hung, suspended. A horse led for parade.
The lowest round of a ladder.
p w pshidan, To sprinkle, scatter, disperse, diffuse,
Pour out, or dissipate. To admonish, to reprehend.
p **** pshidah, Sprinkled, dispersed. Any thing scattered
or diffused. A cucumber, melon, pumpkin. A bunch of grapes.
p <! pshnah, (equivalent to <\; pshinah) The heel.
r_<! pghar, The elephantiasis. The main beam of a house.
P * p-ghurah, The elephantiasis.
* {j- 3.3% pk-bz-i charkh, The moon. Moonlight.
P pk-bazz, Purity of mind.
<\; pk-bum, Pure earth.
P J p kardan, To stand in the presence of another.
pk-r, Beautiful-faced.
p c-> ". pak sokhtan, To burn completely.
P Jy se: ; pa-kushdah-rawak, The sky.
r ". pak-saf, Pure, clean, undefiled.
P<\; pkand (equivalent to x.<\, bkand), A ruby.
P~5 \; p-kb, A dancer, a jumper.
PJ p koftan, To dance.
rusu pki, Purity,chastity, cleanliness. Completion. A razor.
PJ** pkidan, To purify, to clean.
P J pakizagi, Purity, cleanliness, neatness.
P 5.3% pakzah, Pure, chaste. Innocent. Purity, chastity.
P s p-gh, A privy. The step of a ladder or staircase.
The foot-way or pavement at the side of a street. Stones placed
like steps for mounting to any place. A stable. Extremity.
s J pl, (TF) A guardian, guard. ii. A sieve. A sail.
P 39 pl, A colander or strainer, made of brass or earth, for
washing rice and draining the juice of grapes from the stones,
P pala, (in ancient Persian) Lamentation, complaint.
P J pl-a-pal, The sail of a ship. Swift, rapid. Hard, firm.
P C palad, A led-horse, a horse of state.
PJ paladan (equivalent to e.9% paludan), To strain.
Pse!\! pldah, A led horse. Villainous, mischievous.
rj plr (or &\}}\; plr-khnah), The highest beam of
a house, which supports the roof. The roof.
P c plrang, lndian iron or steel.

** paghand (or **** paghandah), Carded cotton. P plari, A main-beam. A cross beam, rafter or joist.
*::: pghchah, A moth or small butterfly. A species of
P
P Jl p-lsh, One with dirty feet.
long red fly of the beetle-kind. A piece of wood used by shoe *Su palagar, The main-beam of a house.
or sandal-makers. P J pln, Pack-saddles, dorsers. A vestibule.
*L* p-ghosh, A dip, a plunge, immersion. rj pln-dz, A maker of pack-saddles,
p<\; pftah, Gold or silver-studs fixed upon bridles or bits. P &\; palanah, A balcony, a belvidere,
 C
*
318 * *

r plni, A maker of pack-saddles. An artificer's tool. of wood, in which they enclose the necks of men or cattle. A
j}\, paln, A sluggish beast of burden.
p
pillory. A noose with which any thing is caught. A medium.
e. planidan, To strain. To cause to strain.
P J. plyl, Always perpetual. Joined.
P

e;" palawan (or e;" palawan), A colander, a strainer.

P J. palidan, To become high, exalted, proud, to be trans
P

Any vessel full of holes, through which liquor is drained.
P <<>}\; plhang, A rein, bridle, halter, rope, cord. The
pillory, or four cross pieces of wood, in which they enclose the
necks of men or cattle. A noose, a buck-stall. The galaxy.
P : palay, Straining. Augmenting. A led-horse.
r - s ply-asp, A horse led for parade.
r J plyl, Resplendent. Very rapid.
J plyish, Filtration, percolation.
P P J pas-kn, A gardener.
re-plyidan, To strain. To increase.
p ** pal-dum (or par-dum), The crupper-leather.
PJl plish, Increase, augmentation.
pt: palugh, A cup made of horn or ivory.
p p-laghs, A false step, a slip, a stumble. Ruin.
re-j pa-laghridah, Slipping, sliding, tripping.
P & plak, A shoe, a slipper, a sandal. Spinnage.
p &\!\! palkanah, A high roof. A window. The beginning of
ported beyond bounds. To strike. To stand. To name. To
purify. To see. To enquire.
P s plidah, Strained, purified. Increased.
rj paltz, A kitchen-garden. A melon-ground.
PJj', paliz-ban, A gardener. Name of a note in music.
Pej palisan (or enj pl-sin), A kind of felt-cloth, which
they lay under the camel's saddle.
Name of a tune.
P & palak, A rustic shoe.
P pm (for *Gn), Like. Colour. (for ), wm) Debt.
P J pa-mal (or J-s pay-mal), Trampled upon, trod
den under foot, beaten (as a path). Plunder, spoil, destruction.
e- J:s. J To be trodden under foot by the cavalry.
e-A J pa-mal kardan, To tread under feet, to lay waste.
P 9, s pa-mard, Powerful. An assistant. An intercessor.
p -59, s pa-mard, Strength, resolution, valour. Intercession.

harvest. Anything put into a scale to maintain the equilibrium. P ** pa-muzd, Gain acquired by the labour of the feet.
P J palk, A kind of litter for travelling used in India. P u- pamas (or U-s bamus), Fortification, the wall of a
s palandah, Growing, increasing.
P
town. Impotent. Disordered in understanding. Idle, lazy.
<!\! palang, A kind of rustic shoe made of cow's leather. A vagabond, an idler. A prisoner.
P

A small window. A bed. Name of a fruit. A certain river. e." pan, A plant bearing an aromatic leaf chewed with the
p II

Jse palang-posh, A counterpane, quilt, coverlet.

P areca or beetle-nut. The name in India is tanbul. The word
r pl, A wart. A pustule. An ulcer, boil. The leprosy. pan is used for the whole composition as made up for chewing.
A fly. Name of a bird. Left, abandoned, forsaken. P *** panjah, (for s panjh) Fifty.
P<! palwasah, Grief, anguish of mind. P sej pnsdah or pnzadah, Fifteen.
P<''. plicanah, A bird of paradise. A battledore. P ~95% panzdahum, The fifteenth.
P&\} plwyah, A swallow. r_*}\; pinsahar, The bezoar-stone, an antidote against poison.
Pe;" pld, Strained, filtered. A lamb-skin garment. P ~~' panasand, Sought for, inquired after,
re paludan, To strain, squeeze, press, drain, purify. p . panmushk, The turpentime-tree.
To become pure. To turn, tumble. To besmear or chequer a P<s pansad (for *** panj sad), Five hundred.
piece of cloth with blood. To increase. To deliver. To escape. rys <\; pnsad hazar, Five hundred thousand.
p J. paludgi, A straining, a racking off. -

Pyu pankirr, Sandals, straps, bandages for the feet.

P s paludah, Strained, filtered. Gilded. Jy s P &\, panah, A bar, a bolt. A wedge.
plda-i raisak-i rib, Vernal showers. P s pa-nihdah, Brought into existence, appearing.
P -s pld, A garment made of lamb-skin.
r . Pn-pat, Name of a town fifty miles from Delhi.
P s plzah (or s paludah), Smooth, clear, polished,
P *** panzd, Sugar. Cheese conserved in sugar.
purified, strained or racked off (as wine). Melted. A kind of p &\, panis, Sugar-candy, a kind of sweetmeat.
sweet beverage, made of water, flour, and honey; another
P paw, Washing, cleansing. I A quarter. A foot.
made of new wine, boiled with spiceries and sweet herbs. The
P_r > p o par, Power, authority.
bason of a pair of scales. h J paw.taki, A fee to the expounders of the law of four
P 9:". paluzah, A wart.
p * plsah, Sickness, ailiction, grief, anguish, agony. annas per cent. on the revenues. -

P J palush (or J. pls), The dregs of camphire. pawchak, Dry cow-dung used for fuel.
P

P ** plnah, A colander or strainer. Palunah (and &;" s pa-waranjan, An ornament for the foot.
p

blnah) A bird of Paradise. A swallow, a martin. r_j\},\! patc-car, (equivalent to y) Bandages, straps, or ally
r = < \, plhang, A bridle, halter, rope. Four cross pieces ligatures for fastening (sandals) to the feet. A weaver's treadle.
 319 cu
*

p pwzrah, A weaver's treadle; also the shuttle.
P -. pawgsht, A fine for neglecting cattle.
Pl, pawl, A quarter of a gold mohur.
!. re pwanjan (or J), A bracelet, clasp, buckle.
* p** pa-wand (for *% pa-band), A fetter.
ps pah, Meat, victuals.
P s paha (or es: phn), Meat of different kinds. Many-
coloured. (pl. of pa) Feet.
-- r & phak or pahik, The torture, torment.
, re phakidan, To torture.
<! pahang (or -s pahank), A cucumber-bed.
P A
small weight. A make-weight. An ornament for the foot.
P <s p-hangah, A slipper, a sandal.
** py (Us, pay or p), The foot, foot-step. A footing.
, Westige, track, trace. Basis, foundation. Firmness. Durabi-
lity, permanency. Resistance. Power, force. The hinder or
t: latter part. End, limit. An excuse, pretext, pretence. A cur-
s rent of water. The upper part, above. Riches. Heat. *
w * e) bulan py na dram, I am not upon a footing kings, who acknowledged him as their lord paramount.
: with such a one. I cannot resist such a one. Je * ba
reA s py bar agandan, To be restless, impatient.
To be weak. To fascinate, to bewitch.
rejeus: A s pay bar pay nihdan, To follow, to obey.
P*A spy barjay, Firmly fixed.
PJk ---> py bar chashm nihdan, To salute.
P e-'-2 *: pay bar dashtan, To have power.
Pe <-2 * pay bar sang amadan, To risk ones life.
P~$2 s pay ba rikab ast, He is on a journey.
re" e--> : pay bar miyn awardan, To be over
whelmed with business.
P cv- * pay bas awardan, To flee, run away, retreat.
P - : pay-bast, A prisoner. Standing. A foundation.
P & py-band, Tied by the leg. Encumbered with a
family. A fetter. Deceit, treachery.
P U-58 * py-bos, Kissing the feet; a ceremony said to have
been originally instituted by Kaymuras, king of Persia, who
reigned near nine hundred years before the Christian era, as a
mark of fidelity, respect, and homage, from the subordinate
e5: pay-puzan, A voice inspiring dread.
p

pay dashtan, To stand upright. To put forth, to publish. * * L: * pay-posh, A shoe. Jj J * pay-psh za
ti y J-'- ba pay dashtan namzra, To assist at prayers. dan, To beat with a shoe (very degrading).
clo *A bar pay dashtan, To support, preserve, maintain. Puy~\! * pay pechidan, To turn away the feet. To rum.
w *A bar pay kardan, To rise, stand up. To fly. To give up the ghost.
P py, Existing, standing, continuing. J pay-pil, A cup made in the form of an elephant's
P

(r * -\,\! p-yab, Power, strength, force. Resistance. A foot. A sort of spear used by the Ethiopians.
: fish-pond, any shallow stone-reservoir of water. The bottom of p &G * pay-tabah, A shoe-sock. Je &\; * pay-tabah
* the sea, pond, or piece of water. The mouth of a river, foun- kushadan, (To draw off ones socks) To come off a journey.
tain, or haven. The depth of the water. The foot of any thing. <-s pay-takht, Foot of the throne. The metropolis.
P

End, extremity. Eternity, perpetuity. Shallow, fordable. A * -, -supy-turb, Change of ground or place, following
- ford. Injured, wronged. quick. The first stage of a journey.
s rej * pay-abranjan, An ornament for the feet. <2\,...s pay-sabat, Firmness, steadfastness.
P

res'. pa-yabi, Shallowness, shoaliness. P &- * pay-jmah, Drawers, trowsers.

- p 3% pys, Pain, anguish, grief. P J py-chl, A weaver's treadle.
#!. P} *pay-ars, A swift messenger, swift. A shoe. p e--: pay-chubin, Stilts.
* r_j} s pay-a-ar, Shoes which tie with strings. A treadle. P J-: pay-hawz, A place of ill fame.
P s'; s pay-afzah, Promoting, advancing in rank. P & paychah, The frontstall of a bridle. A frontlet, or
PA-3) * pay-afshr, A weaver's treadle. any ornament for the forehead. Breeches, drawers, or trowsers,
t: 'J', pyn, End, extremity. Limit, boundary, margin. The feet of sheep or calves ready dressed. Cow-heel.
Completion. Depression. A place to leave the shoes. Low, e-A J- * pay-khk kardan, To travel. To seek.
P

I, inferior. Much, great. Jj jj J% To terminate ones P &\- * pay-khanah, A necessary.

life. j w c To accomplish, execute, or finish any busi-
\ neSS. J J bi pyn, Endless. Immense.
*}x}_s; pay-andis, Shoes which tie with strings. Carpets
pread on the pavement on the public entry of a king.
ry,' * pay-aicar, Powerful, great.
r, * pay-at-jrah, A weaver's treadle.
|, p * py-baf, A weaver.
, p J. pay-baki, Balance of account.
P J% J. py ba daman kardan, To desist, to refrain. to be disheartened.
P FA- * pay-kharch, Balance, residue.
P --><\; pay-kh ast, Swallowed. Trodden under foot.
Pe':-* pay-kh'an, Interpretation, translation.
P --> * pay-khust (or <----s pay-khast), Trodden
down, trampled upon, kicked. Anything laid under foot.
r & $5- * py-khoshah, (Ground) become hard from the
trampling of men or animals.
Je s pay dadan,
p To erect, set on foot. To have lost,
|
 *** 320 **
r_\ pay-dr, Having feet. Firm, fixed, permanent, Con P J * pay kushdan, To return. To run away. To
stant, durable, steady. Standing (corn). Long-lived. An divorce.
epithet of God. Confirming. Strong, vehement. r sl * pay-kashanidah, Emancipated. A fugitive.
p ),* pay-drah, An assistant. Assistance, succour. P e- * pay kashidan, To quit, to refrain from.
P J% pay-dr kardan, To tread firmly. To do P J" * pay kam awardan, To run away.
any thing often, over and over again, substantially. To injure, P ~}} * pay-kob, A dancer.
to abuse. To suffer patiently. To wait, expect. To be firm. P e=}} * pay ktan, To dance. To be going, or dying.
P e-'- : pay dashtan, To keep in custody. P s py-gh, A vestibule, portico or court before a house.
P '- * pay-dam, A hair-noose to catch birds, a springe, a
A building, a structure. A stable. An inn or any place where
gin. A rope-ladder for climbing trees. travellers put up. A step of a stair or ladder. Dignity, rank,
res ex- Je * pa-i daman-i khud kashidan, To office, employment. A necessary. The projecting part of a
draw in one's skirts, (met.) To return from ill ways to good. roof. The bottom of a piece of water. A ford. A shoe-maker.
P **** pay-damah, A fetter. A noose for the foot. A gin. r)& * pay-guzar, An assistant.
P J e; s pay gird kardan, To supplant.
re''; pay-dan, A shoe. A treadle. Perpetual, perennial.
r 7 J: paydn-b, Running water, flowing continually. P J J pay giritan, To walk, to travel.
Jk 39 ye * pay dar rh nihdan, To proceed, set out.
I' P s pay-gah (for s pay-gh), Dignity, office.
* < *- J-> * pay dar sang, Immoveable. <-- ye * P J payg, Degree, rank. A troop.
ex" pay dar sang amadan, To stumble. r x. * pay-laghz, A false step. An error, a sin, a crime.
p e=2~ * pay dar gashtan, To be without strength. re-\s * pay-mchan, The lowest order of priest. A
P t * pay-ranj, Money given to messengers or dancers. place for leaving the slippers. A sort of penance practised by the
r J c * pay ranj kashidan, To be prepared. Sufis in which the offender is made to stand on one foot, his left
r pay-sr, A shoe, a slipper. hand touching his right ear, and his right hand his left ear. *
rj payi: (or j pys), The autumn. Jy e-- pay-mchan raftan, To excuse one's self.
PJ 5 * pay zgh kardan, To be drawn into a snare. J * pay-mal (or J pa-ml), Trampled upon, trod
p

P ej" pay-can, A. ruffian, cut-throat, a foot-pad. A slave.
*2+; J pay-sanjir, Chained. Fincumbered with a family.
P *}\piyizah (or *}pyijah), Exemption or immunity from
taxes or other public burthens by royal favour. Payisah,
den under foot, bruised, kicked. Ruined, destroyed. Defeated,
c J:
dissipated, dispersed, despised. Wile, contemptible.
To ruin. Je JVl. JA, To defame, revile, dishonour.
J py-mli, Destruction, devastation, ruin, occasioned
P

Breeches, drawers, or trowsers, particularly that part which
reaches from the knee to the foot; also the opening which points
to the foot. A tent-rope. A leash tied to the legs (of falcons).
A staple. Payijah, A dress of honour which the Eastern
princes present to such as they mean to distinguish. A house.
r_j^j * pay-zahr, The bezoar-stone.
r j * py-cab, An ornament for women's feet.
*}-\, payijah, A tent-rope.
P other rich stuff, which in some places are spread upon the streets
1.
by an army or cattle overrunning and trampling fields or gardens.
P 92.9 pay-mard, Courageous. An assistant. An intercessor.
P -***'. py-mard, Courage. Assistance. Intercession.
rej s pay-muzd, Hire, remuneration for running about
rj paymoz, A kind of pigeon.
P e." payin, Low, below, inferior, at the foot of, of less value.
rj's pyands (or "A" & p-ands), Cloths of silk and

J-4 payistan, To wait. To be firm. To trample on.

P when the king makes a public entry. Gold, silver, jewels, or
P_3- J pay-sutur, A sort of musical instrument, made from other presents made to great men (as being laid at their feet).
the hoof of an animal, in use amongst shepherds. ex4% payandan (or **** pyandah), A security, surely,
P

*-*. payistah, Firm, permanent.

p
cautioner, sponsor. A hostage. A pledge. Imprisoned. A
re, s * p-i sakhun, Eloquence, power of speech. place where shoes are pulled off.
** * p-i shikam, The lower belly.
P rj's e'-'. pyandan-kr, A commissary, factor, or agent.
r - * py-shib, A solemnity performed in the valley '-'. pyandan?, Security, pledge, caution. j.
p

of Mina near Mecca, in which they defy and throw stones at a J*5 pyandani kardan, To give surety, to become bound for.
figure representing the devil. The place of future punishment. re." pyandagn, The blessed. The damned. The

P e---> : pay fur kashidan, To delay, to wait. throne of God.

re-A- * pay fashurdan, To remain, be firm, constant.
To continue in a morbid and melancholy state of mind.
ry * py-kr, Expert. A revenue-collector. A sweep.
P --~9% py-ksht, (Land) let out to non-resident tenants.
Pe- pyandan, To delay. To wait.
**** pyandah, Firm, solid, substantial, durable, lasting,
permanent, perennial, perpetual, continual, subsisting, remain
ing. Always, constantly. A royal diploma, granting an im
 _*:
munity from taxes. Hardness, roughness. The prop (of a wall)
somewhat curved. Looking stedfastly.
re: pyini, Inferiority, depression, meanness.
: * pay opar, Power, strength.
re, J- Je e;--> s p-i wujud dargil-i ajal raftan,
To sink into the fatal slough, (met.) To die.
re: pyn, Decorated with gold and silver.
*** pay-wand (for A- * pay-band), A fetter.
r & pyah, The step of a stair or ladder. A stair-case, a
ladder. Basis, foundation. The marrow, pith, or trunk of a
tree. Brave, valiant, courageous, bold. Dignity, rank, promo
tion, office, degree. Base, low, vile. Trampling under foot,
kicking. Quantity. Rain. J- * The highest step or rank.
J- * A place of ill fame. Jy &\! The foot of the throne.
p J pyhl, The sole of the foot. Wile, contemptible.
r & 4 pilyah pyah, By degrees, according to rank, in partaw), A ray of light. Patil, A kind of woollen cloth. Camlet.
due order or gradation, step by step.
rj, pyah-dr, Possessing authority and influence. countant to a renter of land.
J pa-7, Permanent, stable.
p
J* pydan, To stand firm, to be constant, steady, fixed,
P
: patwas, A perch, a roost.
established, to subsist independently of any thing. To remain,
continue, persevere. To hold fast. To adorn. To trample
upon, to wear, beat, or make smooth with the feet. To kick. To
wait, expect. To become satiated, fatigued, tired with a thing.
ru ** Payidah ksh, Name of a place.
r. p-ir, The time of the sun's continuance in Cancer.
payiz, The autumn. Old age, the decline of life.
r_{ J p--kr, A person who purchases goods from the
manufacturer to sell to the merchant.
P e." pyn, The lower part, bottom, foundation of anything.
"vir. C. pyn-parasti, Obedience, submission, servility.
p & piptak, A small cluster of dates or grapes.
**::, puprah, (in ancient Persian) Old, aged.
"c-r paprishidan, To disperse, to scatter.
ity:*:: pipilamur, (s futurtit) Root of long pepper.
*u- puplus, Bread steeped in oil and syrup of dates.
P paptpi, (in anc. Pers.) A garment, a short vest.
*:::: papanii, Sour milk from which the butter is taken; when
*gulated, and the thinner part strained off, it is dried in the
* and preserved with salt, &c. for winter-use.
* ~ pat, Starch, size. Goats' hair of a very fine sort. Any
*ing soft. Put, A worm which pierces ships' bottoms.
p J. patdak, (A word formed to express celerity or the
noise of any thing falling), Impetuously, thunderingly.
p : patarah, A brush for sprinkling cloth in the loom.
* * pitat, Repentance. A seeking of forgiveness.
li f * patjiy, Name of an Indian tree.
p & patkh, Astonished, stupified. Foolish.
*P. Pular, Thin plates of gold or silver made into amulets.
321
P 5-4 patsu, Acidulated milk dried. (See r pupana).
p c-; patat, Repentance, resipiscence.
rj paz, The parts round the mouth.
P << putak, patuk or patk, A smith's hammer, also an anvil.
A blacksmith. An embrace. A letter, a book, writing.
P J putakchi, A writer, a book-keeper.
*A* patgir, A hair-sieve, a searce.
r J patal. A mat.
P \ J patal-band, A mat-maker,
p <!- putlad (or sel- putldah), A bar for fastening a door.
P < patang, A paper-kite. Pitang, A window.
r 5 & patang-bs, Flying kites.
H & Patnah, Name of the capital of Bahr (India).
res patani, A hopper for containing seed-corn.
*::: pataw, A place constantly exposed to the sun. (for 52
: patwr, An under-collector of the revenue. An ac
Hi
& patialah, A kind of Indian silken stuff.
P
P & patah, The white poplar.
it & pattah, A lease. A broad-sword. Bosses on a bridle.
P puya, Penitence, repentance.
:: patyar (or *** patyrah), Affliction, misery, misfor
tune. A giant, genius, demon. Modesty. Severity, vehemence.
Fraud, stratagem. Contention, strife. Hidden, concealed. Put
jr or putyarah, Every thing that strikes with horror; an enemy.
P J patyal (or J batyal) A horse-farrier, a horse
doctor. An ostler, groom, horse-hirer, stable-keeper, or in gene
ral those who have the care of horses, and also of other cattle.
h <!-- Patylah, (s UTr) A town N.W. of Delhi.
P e pityan (or s putyah), An enemy. A horror-strik
|
ing countenance. A giant, a demon. Affliction, wretchedness.
PJ: patr, A wrapper made of cloth or leather.
P s patirah, Disgusting, displeasing, shocking.
P J patil, A match for a lamp, a link-stock, a candle-wick.
rj-e J patzl-ss, The stand or support of a lamp.
P * patzlah, The wick of a candle, or a lamp.
p tpj (or g bach), Idle. A mountain. Puj, Any thing
bumping out, convex, globular. The cheek. A kind of fruit,
a large strawberry. Plaim, broad, open, wide. Confused. Dis
proportioned. Immense. Unbecoming, unhandsome, uncivilized.
r_*: pajar, A mountain.
r; pajawah, A brick-kiln.
P J;+. pujal, The leg-bone, the heel.
P := 3 pajiv, Hypocrisy, deceit.
P es; pachan, Coiled, entwined.
* g <pach pach, Hush! A word used in calling goats.
****, puchpuchah, Any thing spoken in a whisper.
2 T

c- 322
P <<; puchushk, The dung of sheep, goats, or camels.
p t pichkam, A court, a hall of audience. A triangular
building. A glazed house. A wolf.
P J; pachal, One who habitually bedaubs himself.
h J, pachmil, (Rupees) of five denominations.
P , pachwk, An interpreter. A translation.
H 35; pachtarah, A raised seat. A justice-seat.
f s, pachh, An interpreter. A translation.
P &c.; pachah, Ivy.
Puj, pichidan (for Jar), To twist, to entwine.
r & pakh, O! bravo! well done ! excellent! When doubled,
pakh pakh, it gives a greater energy to the interjection.
P pakh, The game of chess. A whitish exsudation from the
eye. A side. Pikh or pakh, Get away! begone!
p >}<, pikhpikh, Tickling under the arms.
p c-c, pakht, Trodden. Pokht, He cooked. A kick.
res;&pokhtari, Cakes (or bread) which are laid over dishes
when bringing to table, and under which the meat is kept warm.
Cakes imbued with clarified butter.
P s- Js pokhtagn-ihakkat, Matured, skilled
in the knowledge of sacred truths; wise men, saints.
r c-, pokhtan, (s TH) To boil, cook, to make ready. To
take care of. To perform. To ripen. To be cooked.
re., pokhtani, Fit for cooking. Boiled.
P & pakhtah, Cotton.
p & pokhtah, Boiled, dressed, cooked. Ripe, mature. Ex
pert, skilful, versed in business. Sly. A large lamb. Con
temptible. Strong, well built. *** & Prudent counsels.
rv- &; poktah-jsh, Lambs' flesh boiled in spiced wine.
p_\;- &; pokhtah-kh'r, A son-in-law. A beggar.
t as: pokhtah-gw, Warm water medicinally prepared
and poured from a vessel slowly over the head. An embrocation.
reas; pokhti, Jelly (of fish, &c.). Congealed broth.
P *. pakhj, Trodden. Ample, wide.
P ex-s pakhchindan, To trample under foot. To widen.
P c pakhchild (or se; s), Trampled upon. Extended. tector of his people. The Eastern nations have so high an idea
P es. pakhchudan, To trample. To pound. To widen. of this title, that they bestow it only on the most powerful sove
reigns; the Turks in particular giving it only to the kings of Eng
p &s=" pakhchid (or s&s=") Trampled. Expanded.
P U-3-3 pakhs, Liquefaction. Diminution. Heart-burning,
distress. Withering. Blandishment. See C. bakhs.
p e--, pakhsn, Drying. Melting, dissolving. Sorrowful.
Pe-s pakhsdan, To walk pompously.
p &-~, pakhsinah, Withered, shrivelled, contracted.
r U33, pakhsh, Letting down one's self gradually. Melting.
Weakening. Trodden. Expanded. Withered. Soft, tender.
r Vx, pakhsh, Oppression. Straitness, distress.
rej, pakhshn, Afflicted, sad.
P ex~< pakhshndan, To carry. To dissolve.
3.N.)
w
peis, pakhshydan, To afflict, to grieve.
P J-, pakhshdan, To beat, bruise, or trample upon.
P sex~, pakhshudah, Trampled upon. Expanded.
P &, pakhshid, Trodden down. Diffused, extended.
P UA< pakhshidan, To trample, to tread upon. To burn.
To shine, to glitter. To be wide and ample.
r Jak, pukhl (or als; pukhlah), Purslain.
P 4-3-3 pakhlachah, A tickling under the arm-pits.
P A pad (for * pad), A guard, a guardian. The white pop
lar-tree. Pid (for A padar), A father. Pud, Touch-wood.
r-T A pad-asiya, The sail of a wind-mill, or the tooth of a
water-mill wheel. A mill-stone.
re pulpid, Touch-wood. Tinder. Fuel.
PJ& padar, A father. J J A paternal grandfather. J
Jr A father-in-law. JA, J* 2A. The high and mighty
father. Jels J A maternal grandfather.
P *W* padrm, Malignant, inimical. Ancient, primeval. Pi
dram, Adorned. Good, charming. A bed-chamber. Always,
continual. A pleasant place.
PJ JA padar-andar, A step-father, a mother's husband.
P &VA, padaranah, Paternal. Paternally.
P & A. padrakhtah, Sorrowful, sad. Anxious.
rejJ& padar-san, A father-in-law, a wife's father.
P jJA padarsah, A wrapper in which clothes are folded up.
Victuals tied up in a handkerchief. A portion, a share.
rj, padraftar (or j padiraftar), Patient.
P sers J padar-murdah, An orphan.
rjj padar-andar, A step-father. See jy.
Pus-33 J.A. padar-navs, Abatement of extraordinary charges.
*})* padar-war, Like a father.
rej padurud, Leave, dismissal.
P e.9% ej padurud kardan, To bid adieu, to say farewell.
P padari, Paternal. Fatherhood.
r &_& padaryah, Paternity.
P *** padshah, An emperor or great king, as being the pro
land and France; distinguishing the emperor of Germany, the
king of Spain, and other monarchs, only by the title of Kral,
a Sclavonian word for king. It is generally written ** -
P &c; padmah. A part, portion. Any thing tied in abundle.
pje. A padandar or pidandar, A father-in-law.
rj, padwaz, The parts round the mouth. A perch, a roost.
* L; padus (or U-23), Hope, expectation. Padus, An
enigma. Prey, plunder, depredation. Drawing a sharp sword.
f s, padah (or s), Anything concealed, hidden, secret.
p s padah, The white poplar-tree. A dunghill (particularly
when composed chiefly of rotten wood). A worn or corrupted
-

thing. Pidah or pudah, A barren tree, proper for fire-wood.
Touchwood. A poker, or any thing with which a fire is stirred.
r &A padijah (or *w bad.jah), The scale of a fish.
r &A padd (or AA ba did) Open, public, clear, evident,
: manifest, conspicuous, in sight. Openly, evidently. Je." **
padid amadan, To appear, to become manifest.
re pad?dar shudan, To appear, to show one's self.
Jse, paddr kardan, Torouse, to excite. To evince.
FAA padir, Go forth. An excursion.
rj-A padisar, Taking up any business which has already
been begun upon.
rj, pazar (equivalent to JA, padar), A father.
rj pazruftr, Acceptance. Surety, bail.
P JJ;},\! patruftardan, To make one's self responsible.
re; : pazruftar kardan (ex-93. or Jj),
To bear patiently. To accept. To pledge one's self.
rj pizrut-kr, Accepting, Acknowledging. Obey
ing. A chief. A principal.
"J. pazraftan (or J42% paziraftan), To accept.
Py;& pazir, Mint, spear-mint.
p*& pasah (for s padah), Touchwood, tinder.
*A* pasir, (in comp.) Receiving, accepting, admitting.
Having, being possessed of, endowed with. J, J: puzish
...? pasir, Accepting an apology. 2% J-khalal-pazir, Disturbed.
Altered. 2% <-- 527mat-pazir, Adorned, possessed of orna
ments. 23, We sa-pasir, Endowed with integrity, pure, sin
Cere. 2% *ye surat-pazir, Having the appearance of, re
sembling. Jz <-25.2 surat-pazir giritan, To assume
the appearance. 2% \.3 fan-pazir, Corruptible, corrupted.
*A* pasiri, Accepting, hearing, obeying. Going along,
flowing, passing. Accepted. A leader. Meeting, encountering.
Matter. The first principle of every thing material.
p c |A& pazira-sakhun, An acceptable word.
p c pasrndan, To cause to be accepted.
"s pasira-7, Acceptance. Obedience, subjection.
"U. Pazirish, Acceptance. Obedience.
aftr, Acceptance. A surety. A chief.
c pazirpasir
aftr dan, To take upon one's self, to be
P
*urity for another. To bear patiently. To render acceptable.
p s *2&pasiratiri kardan, To bear patiently.
PJ *A* Pasirtagr, Accepting, taking in good part.
ori. Confessing, acknowledging. A leader, a chief.
***** Pasiraflagr, Acceptance. Obedience.
-
* J pasiraian, To accept, receive, take in good part,
* of *sent to. To consult what is just and right.
p *** Priah, Accepted, approved.
p ** Pirfti, Affliction, grief, shame.
P *A* parirandah, Who approves, or accepts.
*** pasfrah, Acceptable, agreeable. A meeting, an en
c
Ounter, Obedience.
A return, Acceptance.
323
*
V.
Pe *2&pazirah shudan, To go or appear before, to meet,
to encounter. To return.
To follow. To be angry.
r2 par, (contracted part of ej paridan) Flying. One
who flies.
A wing. A feather. A leaf. The arm from the
collar-bone to the tip of the finger.
The sails or paddles of a
mill. A crest, the comb of a cock. A turban. A side, skirt, or
margin. Counting with the fingers. Name of a horse.
(or
352 partaw), Light, ray. J 22 Feather and wing. Jr.
J" The feather and wing of prosperity. V &=> x. *2
parwna-i par-sokhtah asa, Like a moth with burnt wings.
P} pur, (s TC) Full. Laden, charged. Complete. Jr.
pur-bar, Loaded, laden, charged. A pregnant woman. J
J25 2 sultan-i pur--r, A powerful prince. J5x^2 pur-shukur,
Wise. e8#2 pur Kardan, To fill. 2.82 pur-hunar, Virtuous.
*2). pur-a-pur, Filled to the brim, completely full.
*2). parrr (or 2); parrz), The year before last.
P cy, parrn, (in ancient Persian) Good, excellent.
Py purz, Scattering, diffusing, dissipating. Plough-harness.
Ps parazdah or pirazdah, A lump of dough.
Pey. parazran, A species of royal falcon.
Peparszcn (e)y. barazwan, or &\}}\parzwnah),
T he lower part of a sword-sheath, surrounded with a ferrule of
silver or iron; also the ferrule itself.
rj}: purj (equivalent to y; purz), Dispersed, scattered.
P J-2 paras, Expansion. Perfection. Delivery, surrender.
P J-2 parasal (or <!-); parslnah), The year before
the last, the third from the present year.
P e-Aparstan, To clean.
r 7 2 par-i siy, The sweep of a wind-mill.
P L: parash, Dispersion. Scattering.
P Jy. parshidan, To disperse, to scatter. To put down,
to quell, to appease. To be disordered in one's intellect. To ask.
P **}. parshidah, Scattered. Bereft of reason, insane.
re-3, par ashrdan, To flap the wings.
P *:::: para-kh, The further side of a mountain. A channel,
a furrow made by a mountain-torrent.
PJy. paragandagi, Dispersion, scatteredness.
"J-s paragandan (or e *W), To disperse, dissi
pate, scatter.
To send every where. To disband (an army).
***". para gandah, Dispersed, scattered, dissipated, dis
banded. J* J 5 s To be dissipated and ruined.
* Je s paragandah-dil, Disquieted, vexed, disturbed.
P J W. paragandidan, To scatter. To cause to scatter.
P J pargi, A helmet. A scull-cap.
P &A parlak, Excellent steel. A sword, a cimeter.
rj *L. pur mad kafiz, The measure (of his days) is full.
Pe); parn, Flying. J e); &\;= To fly in the air.
P als parndkh, Leather prepared from goat's skin.
P Js-\ 2 par andkhtan, To moult (as birds). To grow
2 T 2
 & );
weak, to become dispirited and contemptible. To chew the cud.
To court retirement. To be cheerful,
P &\,: Parnah, Name of a city, and of a river.
P w paramidan, To cause to fly. To define.
P_5\}; par-awar, Flying. Swift.
P : parawand, The bar of a door.
P **); Paraham, (in ancient Persian) Abraham.
re parydan, To adorn, decorate. To cause to be
ornamented. To dress the hair. To tan, dress, or curry hides.
To prune or lop off superfluous branches, suckers, or shoots.
re". A pur-bd, Full of wind, inflated.
* \,, parbar (or 992 parbarah), A summer-house.
*292 pur-bar, Loaded, freighted. Lading, cargo.
P J parbal (or &\,: parbalah), A summer-house.
P par bar amadan, To become fledged.
P Lx par bar barsh, The firmament.
Pe parbun or pur-bun, A kind of fine painted China silk.
P *2 pur-pyah, (Full of feet) A centipede.
r 22 purpar, An herb like mint, found in watery places.
r^22 parbaram (or JJ parbar), A young partridge.
P & 2 parparah, A golden ducat.
Pc2 paran, Purslain.
rj;22 parps, The parts round the mouth.
** 2 pur pahlil, A displeasing word.
P r purpay, An assessment to defray the expense of lighting
Musulman temples.
Pc2 pirpin, Zedoary.
P -92 partb, A bow-shot.
An arrow that flies far. A
leap, a spring, a throw. Shining, brilliancy, resplendency, bright
ness, flashing. Tumbling. J 92 partab kardan, To
tumble. To shoot, throw, dart. To shine, flash. To leap, spring.
P J partbiyn, Archers, bowmen.
re partad, Slander, whisperings.
PL*A Purtsh, Name of a district in Turkistan.
r partaw (equivalent to : partab), A bow-shot.
another. To pluck, or pull off (wool). To beat macerated
r_j partar, Starch, size. sheep-skins with sticks, in order to make the wool come off. To
P & purtak or partak, A horse, swift, strong, and sure of
foot. A garment of a motley colour. Violence, oppression. sing. To play upon an instrument.
p J Purtugal, Portugal.
P 4. partalah (or 492 partalah), A belt.
p;52 partaw, Aray, light, reflexion. Shock, collision. Trouble.
- ; The rays of the sun. Partil, Rustic trowsers.
rjl); partaw-andz, Darting rays, irradiating.
P 8,52 partawah, An arrow which flies to a great distance.
r, par-tir, A four-winged arrow, without a point.
P Jr-: parjaszdan, To collect. See J parchidan.
Pe-parcham, A lock of hair (especially waving over the
forehead). The extremity of any thing pendulous. A plough,
or its middle beam. Timber. A horse's or cow's tail used as a
standard. A fringe, a tassel. See the word ff ghajghw.
32 4
28
**r parchah, A bit, a piece, a fragment. Cotton-cloth.
e J-y parchidan, To strike, to drive, to clench (a nail).
P J parchin, Curved, crooked, bent. Nails driven
through any thing, and then rebated in the points. A hedge of
briars. Thorns placed upon a wallby way of fence. A wall, the
top of a wall. Hangings, tapestry. Pur-chin, Full of wrinkles.
P & 2 parkh, Ending abruptly, deficient. A little, somewhat
A lot, portion. Furniture, utensils. Utility, conveniency.
* L purkhsh, War, battle, conflict. Commotion, disturb
ance, tumult. Violence, injury, oppression. Severe inquisition.
**** purkhash-j, Warlike, brave. Quarrelsone.
r_< *-2 purkhash-kh'or, Disposed for war, pugnacious.
P *2 parkhach, A horse's buttocks.
P **2 parkham, Anxious, bewildered, perplexed.
p >2 parkhi, or purkh, A magazine, a granary. A buttery,
a larder. Meat, victuals. Cheerfulness. The prunings of trees.
r_j >2 purkhur, An associate, a partner.
Pe-s pur-khn, Full of blood.
P pur-khnz, A blood or black pudding.
re purkhidan, To pull up by the roots. To shave. To
reap, to mow. To fence with thorns.
r & parkhidah, A wink, a nod, a sign.
r 22 pard, An enigma. Sleep. A time. A fold, a plait, a
ply. 92 3 yak pard, Once. 3, 23 dopard, Twice. Two
fold. Purd, Difficult, obscure. An enigma. A bridge.
P '92 parda, The day after to-morrow. To-morrow. See '95.
P 92 pardakh, Splendour.
-le: pardkht, Finished, completed, polished. Finish,
P
polish, correction. Completion, perfection. Patronage.
P e-'r' pardkhtan, To finish, consummate, complete, a
complish. To polish, ornament, furbish, adorn, bring to perfec
tion. To be busily and attentively engaged. To excite. To
set out. To spend, exhaust, rack off, empty, consume or bec"
sumed. To evacuate, abandon, leave. To prepare. T de
liver. To take, to rob, to seize. To be delivered or given"
r &le; pardkhtah, Finished. Adorned. Disengaged. Freed
from all attachments or hindrances. Employed.
*322 pardaz (from Js-22 pardkhtan), Performing, com.
pleting. Adorning. 32,3 -ey bareat-pard, Per"
excellence. j9. &); taranah-pardaz, Composing tunes. *
musician, singer. j'92 cs' sakhun-pardz, Composing sel"
tences, an orator. j'92 & ** taba-i nukth-pard, Of an
acute genius, subtile, penetrating. Jj. &^+o muhimmah
pardaz kardan, To prepare necessaries, provide, lay in, lay up.
p '92 pardz, Completion, elegance, ornament, perfection.
459: \-) insh-pardz, Elegance of composition.
p J-'92 pards, Consummation. Stability, duratin.
 23
p J92 pardal, A gusset.A pair of compasses.
re' pur-dan (or 392 pur-dani), Wise, sage, prudent.
r c-o; pardakhtan (for e-le: pardkhtan), To finish.
r & pardakhtah, Completed, finished, accomplished.
* -9: pardak or purdak, An enigma. Sincere, pure.
P J: pardagi, A modest, chaste woman, one who is con
325 C
p pardah, (pl. of 392 pardah) Veils.
P s' 392 pardah-ary, Diversion, entertainment.
r j A $9; parda-i harmnz, Wicked spirits.
| p j se; pardah-bz, A musician, a singer.
rj'A' 2 so, pardah bar and, Letting the cat out of the bag.
res, 392 pardah bar giritan, To reveal, to disclose. To

fined at home. Concealed. Captivity, concealment. A cham act in a shameful manner.

berlain. J. Jpardagi-ras, Wine.
p J: purdal, A plate, a trencher, a dish. Pur-dil, Full of
courage, intrepid, magnanimous. Intelligent. Liberal.
Pepardan, A boundary, a limit. - ter of the inner chamber, the eunuch who has the care of the
r, pardo, The roof. A balcony. A small beam.
f so, pardah, A veil, curtain, tapestry, cawl, film, membrane.
A partition between two rooms. A fence or wall for dividing
fields. A plait, a fold. A musical tone or sound, a note. The
key of an organ, harpsichord, or similar instrument. Frets, or
divisions upon the neck or finger-board of a guitar or lute. The
PU*:: se, pardah-psh, Putting on a veil; keeping a secret.
ru, s; pardah-psh, The concealment of a blemish.
rje se; pardah-dr, Holding the veil. A chamberlain, por
women's apartments. A spider. A woman, who holdeth a veil
over another's acts. A confidant.
Pje 322 pardah-dar, A veil-tearer, an impudent, immodest
man, a ravisher of women, a slanderer or defamer of the sex.
A betrayer of secrets. A strumpet.
r!- s pardah-sar, A curtain, a pavilion. See 39; !- -

walls of a tent. Modesty. es 39; parda-i han, The firma P !- s pardah-sir, Playing on an instrument, a musician.

ment, e; s pardah burdan, To seize. To ravish. 39); P J- 39, pardah-shins, A musician. A religious person.
& parda-i tang, Bed-curtains. U-2y; s pardah Kardan, re--: ser, pardah-shinsn, Musicians. Intelligent.
To veil, hide, conceal. To divide (fields). s pardah * J 292 pardah-fash, A betrayer of secrets.
giritan, To make evident. e-'- se; je dar pardah dishtan, P s pardah-gh, A place of curtains, a theatre, a stage.

To shut up (in a haram), to keep women from the view of men.
i J s; Jo dar pardah shudan, To be veiled, concealed, or
shut up (as women in the haram or seraglio). Us 392 parda-i
v bini, The cartilage that separates the nostrils. --> 392 par
da-i chashm, The eye-lid. &\x- 392 parda-i chaghanah, Name
jus- 392 parda-i Hijaz, J- s purda-i
of a note in music.
Sifahan, and Je 39; parda-i tushshk, Names of three sorts
p Je: pardahg, A woman, a female.
P C- 392 pardah-nishin, Sitting behind the veil. A modest
woman, who remains constantly at home veiled from the eyes of
men. An army stationed on the frontiers of a country.
P e- 392 pardah-nishinn, Women; angels. Confidants.
Pu s- r pardah-nishin, A retired, solitary, home-life.
P G+, par rekhtan To moult, (as birds). To grow weak.

of musical airs. c J- 392 pardah khaki kardan, To dis

close, to reveal.** s parda-i khurram, A note in music. To retire from society and creature-dependance.

c- $ parda-i khamahan, Heaven. j-9 392 parda-i. rj pur, The nap upon cloth. Raw silk put into an ink-horn.
dukhn, A dark night. J .33 29 so, pardah-dr-i ulak, The P r parsad, A kind of medecine resembling gum.

moon. Jo $22 parda-i dil, The veil of the heart, the pericar PJej 2 par Sadan, To fly.
dium. The lungs. J-29 3-2 parda-i der-sal, Name of a r 52-95; pur-amburi, The firmament.
note in music. J-j 392 parda-i zujaj7, A dark
Heaven. * r parah, An ointment or powder for the eyes. A plough
ing-ox. A noble or princely dwelling. The pile or nap upon cloth.
night. A black cloud. Heaven. Jj 392 parda-i zambir,
Name of a musical note. Curiously wrought tapestry. 392 * r pursah (or 2 purjah), Shavings, shearings, clippings,
; parda-i zamburi, Heaven. !- $92 parda-i sar, The pollings (of cloth, &c.). A scrap, a bit, a piece. Frippery,
Fuel. An account.
well before women's apartments. *:::- 392 parda-i tanka rags. A tinder-box.
-

* A cobweb. A disease in the eye. us--- 392 parda-i P Jj parzzdan, To fill a well with stones. To fortify or
t girdy, The fourth heaven. -5,43 392 "parda-i kamari, repair a well on the inside.
Name of a note in music. J&s s parda-i mukaddir, Wicked *** 52 parzivcand, Evident, clear, undisguised.
spirits. G-: * 392 parda-i nams, Honour, reputation. 392 ~}} paring, Weeping, wailing.
P

J parda-i nil-gun, The firmament. <!--is $92 par
da-ihaft rang, The world. The vicissitudes of life. The seven
heavens. *9). U-37 tish-pardah, A fire-skreen, a parasol.
*92 brn-pardah, A rain-umbrella, a parapluie. Je
*:: *r-pardah, The veil or membrane of the wall, tapestry.
* As maghz-pardah, The pia mater. Purdah, An enigma.
* L; pars, A panther. Livid, pale. A curtain. Purs, (im
perative of ej pursidan) Ask thou. A question.
P J-2 par-sal, Last year. Enquiry after health.
P *2 pur-salah, Old and full of years.
P e-2 pursn, Interrogating, asking, enquiring, demanding.
An interrogator.
 C*>3 326 w

P J. pursanidan, To cause to ask. P u- partas, A species of the ermine.

* --> parast, A worshipper. y. L atish-parast, P : par ghazah, A root. A bird's wing.
A worshipper of fire, a Guebre of the sect of Abraham, Zar PJ r purghur, A dish made from bruised corn.
dusht, or the Magi. <--r but-parast, An idolater, wor P J parghul, Wheat or barley coarsely ground. Gruel.
shipper of idols. r. \x~ khud-parast, A worshipper of A kind of sweetmeat, barley-sugar.
God. --~~ *;+ khd-parast, A worshipper or admirer of r &; parghnah, Filthy, deformed, ugly, displeasing.
himself, self-conceited. Pe parfan, Melancholy, full of sorrow.
**** parastar (or -2 parasta), A worshipper. A ser % park, Lint-seed. The noise made by a crackling fire,
P

vant, a slave, male or female. or by wood when splitting. Pirk, The eye-lash. Parak, The
P --: parastar?, Worship. Slavery, servitude. star Canopus. An echo. Name of a river.
re-2 parastan, A bird resenbling a peacock. An iron r_%2 pur-kr, Skilful. Thick, close, well executed.
stove. (pl. of e-j parast), Worshippers. e-2 **', wahi p -2pur-kri, Thickness.

mah-parastn, Speculative, visionary people; suspicious, jealous. P Ut par-ksh, Saw-dust. Attention to any thing.
J- re-2 parastn-i khayl, Poets, bards. &\s; ~~~~ P&\,: parkalah, A spark. A pane of glass.
parastn-i zamanah, Worshippers of the world, worldly-minded. reparkn, Ignorance, inability to reply.
r U-2 parastish, Adoration, worship. Attendance on the pJ. parka was (or J), Excessive pruning of trees.
sick. e U-2 parastish kardan, To adore, to worship. *A2 parkar, Expectation, hope.
r &&. U-2 parastish-khanah, A temple, a mosque. re pur kardan, To fill. To multiply. To repeat.
P s parastish-gah, An oratory, a temple. Pc-: puraksin (or ex-s purgusun), A rich housing put
p <A J-2 parastish-gari, Adoration, worship. over the saddle by way of ornament.
P parastak, (;--> or 32), A swallow. P parkam, Idle, unemployed. Nothing.
P :: parastagarz, Servitude, slavery. P parkan, A curry-comb.
* 3-2 parastandah, A worshipper, adorer. A servant. P**. parkandah, Scattered. Weak, impotent.
* Jus $3-2 parastanda-i khayl, A visionary. A poet. reparkin, A fire-hearth. A temple of the Magi.
r & parastah, Any object of worship. A handmaid. P. pur-knah, Malicious, spiteful.
Pe-s parastidan, To worship. To adore, to pray to. rj, pargr, A pair of compasses. A circle made by them.
P U-2 pursish, A question, an interrogation. zu-2 *-y-
Furniture. A tool. A collar, a necklace. A collection.
A- marasim-i pursish-i khatir, Enquiries after one's health. P & J-292 pargar-charkh, The celestial sphere.
PG-2 pursuk, A weasel. P pargarah, A small pair of compasses. A little circle
r 2 parsum, Flour scattered on the table to prevent the made by them. A bit, a piece. A wardrobe.
dough from sticking to it. Pursam, An entertainment, a feast. p : pargr, Work done with a compass.
p 3-2 pursindah, An interrogator. P J-9. pargs, Suspending. Inquiring. Sun-rise.
rj pur-siz, Blazing. 5;-2,5-44. A lighted candle. P J% pargal, A pair of compasses. .
r & parsah, Poverty. Pursah, Attendance upon the sick. P 49 pargilah, A little bit of cloth, a rag, a strip. The P
Condolence. Question, enquiry. A condoler.
of the compass. Coarse cloth.
* r purs, A cess, a fine. P :pargam, The womb.
P J-2 parsayn, Ivy, convolvulus.

rle e-2 parsiyn-dr, Maiden's hair (an herb).

P. s pargah, Sticks and straw. -

: purgar (for 2), (Full of jewels). A collar of prc

* U***r.
C-P parsiyvash,2 Maiden's hair (an herb). A partp of stones worn by the ancient kings of Persia. Seej. pargar.
the heavens containing twenty-nine stars called J v ra-su'l
r sSr. pargasht, An herb which creeps along the ground,
ghl, The dragon's head. twisting iflike a rope.
P e-A parsiywshn, Maiden's hair (a plant).
Pej pursidan, To ask, to interrogate, to enquire.
P J pargandagi, Dispersion, diffusion.
P Lparsh, Cholic, gripes. Agitation. Ivy. A fountain. p s pargandah, Dispersed, scattered.
ce SO called.
P J*. Parshash,
Name of a country in Turkistan. | P A parganah, A district, a division of a provin
P J purshigal, A cloudy, rainy sky.
Purganah, An electuary composed of gold and silver-dust.
P & 2 parshambah (for *~~s panj shambah), Thursday.
Pyle A parganah-dr, The superior officer of a parganah
P fr: pirshiim, A reed. P 3% pur-go, Full of talk, talkative.
P s parishahi, A wing. Down on a bird's wing. P %. pargk, A hospital, a house of refuge, a bede-house:
Peparshidan, To swallow. To salt. To scatter. * +5:32: purgiri, An ortolan.
 c 327 _2_:
P s pargin, Public. Pe parandin, Silken stuff.
*L*. parms, Touch. Knowledge. Liberation, freedom. P<& pirang, A glittering sword. Piring, Copper.
Salvation. Growth, extension. P; parna (or ex, parnn), Embroidered silk.
P 4-1.s parmsah, A smoothing, a planing. Touch. Ex re-r. par nihdan, To dislodge, to eject, to repel. To
tension. Liberation. Science, knowledge. divert another from his purpose.
rtss parmward, A kind of sweetmeat. c parniyn, A kind of fine painted China-silk; also gar
P

P *::: parmh, A winble, a gimblet. A trepan. ments made of it. e ,-- A mantle of such silk.

r x&s parmakhidah, Contradicting, disobedient, undutiful. r 55- e parniyn-khoy, Cheerful, gay. Mild-tempered.
Pr parmar, Expectation, hope. (s ${{RI) A bee. Contented. Compassionate, tender-hearted.
v--: par-i magas, A fly's wing. Any thing of a very P *r. parnikh, A stone or marble-slab.

delicate texture. A kind of silken garment. Armour. An ex
cellent sword. A manner of playing music or singing.
P} parmi, Hope, expectation. A bee.
fr parmutah, A thing. Matter, substance.
P sers; Parmadah, Name of the son of s set. Sadah Shh.
puz, parnish or purnish, The cholic, gripes, iliac disorder.
Having a pain in the bowels.
P 22 pari, The best part of the cloth, or that end which the
dealer shews to his customer. The Pleiades. The moon, or
moon-shine. The sun, or sun-shine.

P : parica, Cessation from labour, quiet, rest. Power, force,

PJ:s parmur, Hope, expectation. A bee.
Fjr parmuz, Hay. Hope, expectation. A bee. vigour, strength. Desire, inclination, affection, appetite, con
Pr parmzah, A see-saw. On our account; it is our due. cupiscence. Study, endeavour, effort. Vigilance. Knowledge.
Pey parmn, Decorated with gold, silver, and jewels. Rhetoric. Care, concern, solicitude, anxiety, vexation. Ho
P & parmah, Something. A part. A trepan. nour, respect. Fear, terror, stupor. Known. Easy. Skilful.
Absolution, freedom. 92 L. biparw, Without fear; care
* pirmah, Sloth. Purmah, A song, an air.
P& pirmahah, Delay, procrastination. Sloth.
less, intrepid. Boldly, undauntedly.
* Qr. purmi, A sort of grape. parwr, Education. Fatted, crammed. A bleacher,
or washerwoman's beetle. A summer-house. A private door.
*** parmiy, Agonorrhoea.
"a
A treasury. Planks for the roofing of a house. A thing known.
Pey, parn or paran, Good, elegant. The Pleiades. The
An easy thing. An inclination or strong propensity. Liberality.
moon when shining bright. Fine figured China silk; especially
the best sort, or the end which dealers show to their customers. Enough, sufficient. Fumigation with aloes. A glass urinal.
Yesterday. Pirun (equivalent to ex~ birn), Out of doors. Fx. parwrah, A summer-house. An upper chamber.
P 9, parna, A kind of painted or embroidered silk.
A treasury. The roof of a house.
p *A purnak, A youth. A tribe of Turkomns. P s parwrz, Fatted. *A 2: A fatted ox.
P c parnn, Mouldiness of bread. rj paricas, Flight, a flying through the air. Leaping,
p t: paranj, A certain grain smaller than wheat. springing. Light, glory. Regeneration. A place of residence,
a resting-place. A roost, a perch. A small beam or joist. A
**2 parand, The glittering surface of a polished sword. A porch or portico. A veil, a shirt, shift, anything that covers or
*Word adorned with jewels. Plain silk. A royal standard. A conceals. Whatever is veiled or hid from public view. j,
carrier, a messenger. Expectation, hope. A wave. A bird. jr. Ls A falcon soaring like an eagle. Jj To fly, to fly
A saddle-cloth. The Pleiades. A sort of grass. Wild cucumber.
P t, parandkh, Leather prepared from goat's skin. or run to, to take wing. To set on, to cause to fight.
P *j, parwazah, The fire of festivity, which used to be
* -.'s, pur-nadamut, Deeply penitent. lighted before the bride. The nuptial fire. Wormwood strewed
r)*A Parandwar, A sharp sword, a glittering faulchion.
at the feet of a bride. Money or scraps of gilt paper scattered
"t parandakh, An arrow. about at marriages. A nuptial entertainment. Victuals, which
p s, parandak, A hillock.
people carry along with them to make a repast in fields or gar
*3-9, parand. (or Je, parandicar), Last might. dens. Fond of mirth. A spectacle, a show. A sin, a crime.
parand-war (or 99-92 parand-war), Ashining sword. r; : parted-ah-gar, A manufacturer of gilt paper.
J parandsh (4:r parandoshah, or e; paran s parw-7, The hem of a garment.
P

dun), The night before last. C. parws, Feeling, touching. Smoothing, planing.
P

**, Parandah, Flying, volatile. A flyer. A bird. Any Cessation. Deliverance. Fear. e.9% C.U2 parwas kardan,
winged animal. A bark, a small ship. Quicksilver. 3.x.r. To know. To feel. To rub. To play. To lengthen.
- **da-i chargh, (Flying round the lamp) a moth. w

e--: parwsidan, To examine, to feel with the hand

P
 _2); 328 _2_
whether any thing is hard or soft, fat or lean. To imagine, to rj Jr. partcarish-mz, A teacher. A spiritual father.
fancy. To apprehend, to fear. p ** 22 parwarindah, Cherisher. A protector, a patron.
P Jr. parwash, Negligent, careless. Secure. Astonished,
rejj paricarandidan (or ej parwandidan), To
stupefied. A buttock. A corner. The end. pack or put up cloth in bundles, or trusses. -

"", partcak, A watch, a guard, a centinel. Echo. P & 22 paricarah, Fed, nourished. Educated, brought up.
P J parwal, A gusset. A pair of compasses. r 5922 parwari, Education. One who educates. Educated.
P : parican, A parrot. A crime. A spectacle, show, any re paricaridan, To bring up. To nourish. To begin.
thing wonderful. Liberality, beneficence. Walking, recreating. ru paricarish, Sugar of roses, conserve of roses.
The flue of silk. Name of a city near cj Ghasmin. rj paricas, A kind of border or selvedge round a garment.
P ~~\,: parwanajat, Orders, passes, licences. A shirt, any thing that is put on the body, or spread upon a bed.
P *A parwnchah,
An order, a licence, a permit. Origin, root, stock. A patch. A garment of two colours (pep
p Jr. parwanchi, An officer of government.
per and salt). A sort of grass called r. margh. Array. A
P <<\;. parwnak, The lion's provider, otherwise called the battle, a fray, a broil. Condemning.
J s siyh-gsh, A small lynx with ears tipped with black Pej parica-an, A sieve, a searce. A fishing-net.
hairs, which are used for painting. A guide, escort. A mes rjj. parwaj, Interred, buried.
senger, a courier, a running footman. A general. P e-2 partistan, People of the same religion or society.
P Jb: parwanagi, A command, an order, a permission. r U-2 parish, Pimples, pustules.
p & paricanah, A butterfly, a moth. A candle, a lantern. re parn, The flue of silk. Name of the wife of a cele
A messenger. Any military monument set up as a road-direc brated wrestler. Parican, Name of a city. Purin, Filth, dirt.
P & 2 paricand. A pimp, a pander, a caterer. A beardless
tion, or to commemorate any spot. A general, a commander.
youth. Name of a plain near Kazwn.
A supervisor, an inspector. A midwife. A royal patent or di
ploma. A grant or letter under the great seal from any man in
r s parwandah, Servants (male or female). A bundle,
roll, or truss (of clothes). A roll of silk. A web of linen. Any
power. A pass, licence, leave, command, precept, warrant,
written order or commission. The sentence of a judge. The coarse cloth in which they put up linens, a packing sheet. A
clothes-press or chest. A bleacher's beetle. A rope with which
middle. A locust. An ingenious and elegant youth.
P *2 paricawah, A watch, a guard, a centinel. they fasten linens together when washing. J s (or
s parwah. See partca.
P ej), To pack or truss up cloth in bundles.
ps, 2 paricah, Battle. Plunder. A tent. The Pleiades.
r paric), Easy. Nimble. Plump. Soft, tender.
Jr. parw-7, Indigent, necessitous.
P Pe paricahn, Manifest, clear, evident.
r2: 2 parice: or parvz, Victorious. Charming, ravishing.
J-- Jr. paro bill dashtan, To be powerful.
P
A patron of the fine arts, a Maecenas. A guide. Propriety of
* 22 par opy, Power, strength.
p
behaviour. Liberality. Splendour. A sugar-refinery. A fish.
py, partcar, Nourishing, fostering, educating. A patron, A proper name among the ancient Persians; but particularly of
a protector. Lace, fringe, edging. JJ Ji tan-parisar, Nou one of their kings, called Khusraw Parvez, (cotemporary with
rishing or comforting the body. Jj e-jn-parwar (or U.S Muhammad), who having been driven from his country by his
J57. mas-parwar), Improving the mind. Jy. &\- sayah-par uncle, took refuge with the Greek emperor Maurice, by whose
tear, Educated in the shade, soft, delicate, knowing little of the assistance he defeated the usurper, and recovered his crow".
world. J 22 Lla ulam-parwar, A cherisher of learned men.
Khusraw, whilst at Maurice's court, married his daughter Ire",
J22 ft gharb-paritar, Cherisher of the poor. who is highly celebrated in the East for her singular beauty, P^*
p_2, parar, A link, a connexion. ticularly by the famous Persian Nazm, in his poem called 2
r &\ 9,22 parward-shnah, Shining. Lightning. cz (the loves of Khusraw and Shrn), c- being the
:: parwardagr, Omnipotence (as nourishing all). name by which the Persians distinguish Irene, signifying street.
re parwardan, To nourish, foster, educate. To worship. The throne of this prince is celebrated by many Eastern h"
p 3.222 parwardah, Educated, bred, reared. Nourished, torians. It is said to have been of such vast extent, that it ""
fed, fattened. A pupil, a scholar, or ward. A slave. 2222 supported by 40,000 columns of silver; and that, among other
J* parwardah shudan, To be nourished, fostered, or edu magnificent ornaments, 1,000 globes, suspended in the dome,
cated. e.9% *922 parwardah kardan, To educate, to nourish. shewed, by various movements, the motions of the heavenly
P L: parwarish, Education, nutrition. Fostering, rearing. bodies: 30,000 pieces of embroidered tapestry adorned the
Protection. Worship. e-A Ly To educate. walls; and underneath were vaults, containing immense treas
P J&J 292/. parwarish-amokhtagn, Prophets. Poets. in gold, silver, and precious stones. 43 23: The sun,

pejr partefaan, A hair-sieve.
rv, parwish, Carelessness, negligence. Careless.
r cj parwn, Pleiades. Pearls. Purwin, Filth. Sordid.
r x, parrah, A side, border, margin, or extremity. A firm,
immoveable spot. The march of an army. The white poplar
tree, also another kind of barren tree. The bolt of a door, the
: bolt of the lock, also what they call the iron wings of the locks.
\-f ; The sails of a windmill, the boards of a water-wheel upon
which the stream runs. Us $2 The nostrils. ,- 3. The sharp
point of a bone. A part of the head, c- r parrah bastan,
To arrange in order of battle.
P *jr parhazah, Touchwood, tinder.
P : Parham, (in ancient Persian) The patriarch Abraham.
329
p.93 puri, (abstract noun of pur) Plenitude, fulness.
P s-3 r pari-asy, An exorcist. An amulet. Epileptic,
rer: paryn, Silk. Muslin. Camels' leather.
P: ..s pari-paykar, Angel or fairy-faced.
P & parichah, The fibrous bark of the palm-tree.
Pe';*. pari-khn, An exorcist, a magician.
r. pari-dr, A necromancer, a magician, having fami
liar spirits at command. Possessed of a spirit of divination.
Having convulsions, or eruptions on the lips from frightful
dreams. Pandemonium.
Pl, pari-dr, Magic, necromancy.
r 3-A, Pari-dokht, Name of the daughter of an Emperor
of China.

**** parhinj, A species of grain. P Je.J paridagi, Flight.

P sex, parhudah, Singed. Light and frothy discourse. P JA paridan, To fly in the air.
re parhn, The disk of the sun, the sun's orbit. A perir parir, The day before yesterday, 22 JJ parir pa
phery, a circle made by compasses. An arch. A hedge of rir, Four days ago. J-22 parir-sal, The year before last.
thorns, an inclosure. A cottage. Ornament, decoration. De r_<! r pari-rokhsr (or ty r pari-rokh), Angel
viating, going out of the circle. cheeked.

re-s parhkhtan, To teach good manners, to educate
well. To wound.
*}^2 parhez, Abstinence, fasting. Continence, chastity, con
troul over the passions. Care, forbearance. Distance. Fear.
Chaste. J-: To abstain, to fast, to take care, be heed
ful. J x! badi-parhz, Abstaining from evil.
PJS jb, parhz-gar, Sober. Chaste. Careful, cautious.
p **** parhz-gr, Carefulness, chastity. Sobriety.
Pj, parhezi, Fit for a person under regimen.
Pe parhexidan, To restrain one's self. To take heed.
Pe -322 pariraft shudan, To be affected with con
vulsions, or eruptions on the lips, from disturbed dreams.
" r pariram, Four days ago.
Pj > y r pari-rz, The day before yesterday.
Pj -5, pari-ray, Fairy or angel-faced.
P & 2 parirah, Golden, red gold, or golden red. Of the day
before yesterday. Bread baked upon the coals. Interrupting.
P & 22 paririnah, Of the day before yesterday.
*jy! paris, Complaint, lamentation. A herb growing on
the banks of rivers. A hair-sieve.

* 5x pari, Winged. A good genius, a beautiful species of P ej s pari-zd (or se; -52), Fairy-born, beautiful.
P c pariz-ban, A sifter of meal or flour.
imaginary creature, neither man, woman, angel, nor devil, but
answering in many respects to that beneficent little being to Pej parizan, A hair-sieve.
whom our ancestors paid so much attention, called the Fairy; P J r pari-sl, The year before last.
which, from the resemblance of the name, and many other cir P *- 52 pari-say, An incantation.
cumstances, was in all probability of Eastern extraction. The ry-j paristr, An ambassador.
old romances of Arabia and Persia allot them a particular coun Pj :- -5, Pari-so, A temple built by Khusraw Parvz.
try called e--- Jinnistn, where they live upon perfume PUJ. parish, Disperse thou. Dispersing. Dispersion. Dis
alone; and conceive them to be so extremely beautiful, that they turbed, confused, perplexed, distracted.
call a lovely woman sej s pari-sdah, born of the Paris (the re-J parishan, Dispersed, scattered, dissipated. Dishe
name of the second daughter of Darius, whom the Greeks have velled, disturbed, perplexed, confounded, distracted, afflicted,
called Parisatis; corrupting in the same manner sitrah (a star) vexed. Sad, melancholy. Unfortunate. Disgusted. J
into Statira, and rshan (splendor) into Roxana). The Dvas, e-2 Disordered papers, lying here and there. J .-ij
" Dws, Jinns or Genii, are another species of ideal beings, but Dishevelled hair. e e-9. To disjoin, disperse, dissipate.
the reverse of the Paris, being ugly, malignant, and perpe To offend, provoke, disgust. J e-J. To talk nonsense.
P J)3) e-A parishn-aierak, Scattered leaves, (a book)
"ally at war with them and with mankind, whom the Paris are
"PPosed constantly to protect. These two classes of superna written upon scraps, or separate leaves, unarranged, unrevised.
tural creatures form great part of the machinery of Eastern poe P J- e-A parishan-hal, In a melancholy, ruined state.

", able, and romance, and give a most fanciful and extended r_* e-2 parzshn-khtir, Afflicted, disturbed, offended.
field to luxuriant imaginations. Pari, The sun. (for 22 parir) rj e-2 parishn-sz, Scattering, strewing.
The day before yesterday. P -,-- parishn-mashrab, Of depraved morals.
2 U
 \}
P 3'-A parishn, Dissipation, dispersion. Distraction, con
fusion. Disgust. Distress, perplexity. e; *2 To vex.
r - r part-shab, The night before last.
P : parisham, Silk.
reparishan, Dispersion. A mark, an impression.
rej parishidan, To disperse. To lose one's senses.
P * J pari-giriftah, A soothsayer, a dream-teller.
P parinan, The hide of a camel.
re paryun (or t paryut), A distemper about the a styptic medicine: (they imitate this in Europe by sloe-juice).
r x<}, pujghand, Curriers' sumach, a kind of bushy shrub
nails, making them drop off. A tetter, a ring-worm, the mange.
P e-A pariyn, Dispersion. Disturbed, afflicted, sad.
r; pas (or ; paj), A sweet cane, the root of which is eaten
for a pain in the stomach or heart.
P J-s pazakhtan, To melt, to liquify.
P ejy: pazanidan, To cook. To cause to cook.
P by: pazawa (or *::: pajawah), A brick-kiln.
*} pazawah, A brick-kiln, a lime-kiln.
P **} pajm or pijm, A mountain.
Pej paspianitan, (in ancient Persian) To give.
pazpunami, I give. Aj paspianid, Give ye. **
re; pard, Blood. Pusd (or e; pujd), An enigma.
P 92 pazdak, A weevil, a slug.
p & pazask, An owl. Pizisk, A physician.
P f & pisishk, A physician.
P J pisishk, The art of healing.
P . pasagh or pasgh, The young shoot of a vine.
P-5. pasghb (or pajghb), A dike. A mill-dam.
r x, pusghand, A certain fruit employed in tanning.
rjj pasgar, A cook.
P & 2 pastrand, A bundle of clothes.
P past, Ignoble, vile, base.
r & pisah, Sweet cane. Arms, armour.
P pas?, Side, part, toward.
Pe pastdan (or e; pajidan), To cook. To be cooked.
330 _2}
r x,\; pajawah, A brick-kiln.
P J;. pajpunitan, (in ancient Persian) To give.
P **}. pujdah, Anything proper for discovering another. The
heel. The projecting of the bone at the juncture of the heel and
leg. Leaping back, receding.
pr paj-sar, Bald.
P & 3. pajagh, A dam. A frog. Astonished, stupefied.
P *}. pajgham, The acacia, a thorn from which they extract
with which leather is dressed. The braying of the mule.
P J: pujghl, A dish made with bruised wheat.
P *} pajghah, A vine-prop or arbour.
P *} pajkalah, The scolopendra.
P *} pajkanad, Wain, idle discourse.
p J; pajkalah, A part, a portion, a bit. A patch.
Pajim or pujan, Frost,
};}} hoar-frost. Fog, mist. A cloud.
re; Pajmpn, The name of a hero.
re's; pajmn, Sad, melancholy, mournful, dejected. Pe.
nitent. Groaning, sighing. Pujmn, Desire, wish.
P *:: pajmward, A kind of small triangular pasty made of
flour and honey, meat, and pepper. A dish made with eggs,
herbs, and meats. As much meat as is contained on the table"
once, a course. A present brought by a guest.
res: pajmyn, The celebrated ox of king Faridun.
P&\s; pajmyah or pijmyah, Name of Faridan's cow.
Peers; pajmurdan (or Jys; pajmuridan), To wither,
fade, flag, faint, become lean, emaciated, pale. To die.
P sers; pajmurdah, Withered, tainted, deflowered. Sque
ed, compressed. Obscure. Livid, pale. J-A : y r:
s-c Pale-faced and dishevelled-haired.
r 5:-} paj-my, Pitted with the small-pox.
Pe; pajan, The bottom or end of a street. A kite. -

rej pastratan, To accept, receive. To be grateful, to

return thanks. To agree, consent, approve. J%22 The same.
r 323 pasirah (or *}} pajajah), Meal, flour.
F3. paj, Frost, hoar-frost, rime. Old, obliterated. Filth, A necessary. Less, very little.
dregs, dross. Sweet cane. The summit of a mountain. A de
file. Puj, Sleet. Ice. Lightning. A thunder-bolt. A moun
tain. Old. Filthy. Impure.
P e; pajad, Aged. A venerable old man.
P s e; pajd bar amadah, Advanced in years.
r); pajar, A pace, a step.
P ex-: paj-asmn, The empyrean heaven.
r x} pajand (J pajamdan or 3; pajank), A wild
gourd, or purging phlegm, a species of cucumber, the colocynth
rj pajangr, A carpenter. A smith. A tanner.
r2: ; pajangar, A tanner, a currier.
p ; pajangarah (or pajangajah), A coney,
rabbit.
r: }; pajil, Blood. Life.
P "; }; pajwak, An echo. A loud cry.
p 32,3. (><- Khabr) pujadah, A spy, an intelligencer.
P pujuk, An alarming noise. -

P J; pajakin, Impure, filthy, sordid.
r x~); pajamand (or *::: pajawand), The bar of a door,
or gate (particularly such as they thrust into a groove in the wall,
when the gate is to be opened, and draw out, when shut, to make
it fast). The beetle of a fulling-mill.
P J.;; pajul, The ankle, pastern. A filbert. A game * dice,
rj J}} pajul-baz, A player at such game.
P e- J. : pajul-pistan, Having plump breasts.
* Ls3. pijulish, Intricate, perplexed. Scattered.
P *::: pijulid, Withered, faded.
 C*: 331 <--3
P J pajlidan, To consume, to pine away. To assuage, one's back, to stand before, to hide, to conceal. J. |- zC.
to appease. Pijulidan, To provoke, irritate, excite, incite, in pas-ij nishin, An assistant in a shop. eye-U pas chun,
stigate, stimulate. To move, to waver, wag, stagger. To When therefore. Jej ** v pas kham adan, To run away.
t search, to enquire, to investigate. To wither. To mix. To J c-ev pas dast kardan, To conceal, to store. ~~
be scattered, perplexed, disturbed. To advise. To want the L':- pas-i diwr, Behind the wall. Jy U-3 pas raftan, To
tail. To have no offspring. To cut off the tail. To incapacitate follow. Le - U-2 pas sar namizdan, To put to shame. To
a man from having offspring. divert, call off the attention. ~~~~< U- pas-i ghaybat, Be
r. pajm, Poor. Despised. le,; -U pas-ifarda, The day
hind one's back, in ones absence.
p J; pajmn, Penitent, sorrowful. after to-morrow. e--ls' Jv- pas-i gsh andkhtn, To
p *}} pajwand, A sparrow. A bar, bolt. A fuller's beetle. pretend not to hear, to dismiss from one's mind. ex~ U pas
rw; pajwandah, A pimp, a pander. mndan, To remain behind, to survive. J L pas opsh,
r, pijah, Examining. An examiner, searcher, explorer, Behind and before, here and there. Demur, hesitation, evasion.
investigator, inquirer. A mountain. The lining of a garment. j L- c az in pas bz, In future, henceforth. L.; p
*}} K- hikam-pijah, Contemplating abstract subjects. 9 pas (or L-3) U.8 pas az pas), Successively, one after another.
*; khirad-pjh, An examiner into the opinions of others. Behind. J Je dar pas, Behind, after, in the rear. Pus,
J; Je dinish-pijahn, Investigators of science. Sharp, sour, crabbed. Grim, stern. (for ,s pisar) A son.
P L; pijahish (or L*, ; pijahish), Enquiry, examina P -: Pas, Name of a city in Persia.

tion. Arms, armour, warlike apparatus. The root of the P e--- pas-ch'in, Gleanings.
acorus, or sweet cane. Swift, nimble. P ~~~~ pasa-dast, Credit. Borrowed. Buying on credit.
&
P J; pijahandagi, Strict search, minute examination. Pseus) v pas-utdah, Lagging behind. Seej'A' C
r; pjuhandah, Examining, searching. An inquisitor. P *C-: pas-afgand, Any thing laid up for future use,
either in reference to this world or the next. Inheritance.
re; pijhdan, To examine, enquire, investigate.
**::, pijahidah, Investigated, explored. Wise. P "- pask, Garlands or wreaths of flowers worn upon the
**::: pajvri or pujuwi, Base, ignoble. head on days of festivity.
P ex- pasanitam, (in ancient Persian) To scatter.
* J.5% pajirin, Filthy, nasty, squalid. Sordid.
re; pujah, Arms, armour. A led horse. A staff, a piece of rj"A"L" pas-and, Clear profit. Savings, something laid
wood. A mountainous country. A consort, associate, partner. up to provide for old age or want of employment.
...t
P c- pasanidan, To irrigate.
Linen cloth. The lining of a garment. A needle, a bodkin.

Pujah, Hoar-frost, rime. Grief. Nimble, quick. Pijuh, Search.
re; pujhn or pajhn, Honest ambition, laudable emula
tion. J J; To be tormented with jealousy, to envy. To
1.
|-, be solicitous about any thing. To be full of desire.
p J; pajhidan, To search, to investigate.
*}; paji: (or ; ; pajj), A brass-obolus. Anything circular
**- pasaw, Touch, feeling.
* * * pasawand, Rhyme, metre, verse. The last conso
nant in a verse with which all the other distichs rhyme.
re- pas aw?dan, To rub gently. To intoxicate.
P<- pasahang, A nail. A horse-shoe. A piece of iron
nailed to the heel of a shoe.

laid upon another, as bosses upon shields, or scales upon fish. P :- pas-pay, Sitting cross-legged, as the Asiatics; or like
*}; pajj, Wool. Feathers. tailors. A manoeuvre for tripping up another's heels.
"e:; paiyun, A large ship. P - past, Low. Humble. Abject, mean, base, vile.
"U" pas, After, afterwards, behind. Finally, at last, at A varicious, sordid, grovelling. Ruin. J <-- past kardan,
length, after all. The last, the latter part. But, moreover, To render miserable, to crush, to depress. L';-> --~3 past o
however. Then, therefore. For this reason. e 3) U pas kh'ar, Base and mean. Pist, Bruised corn. 5- 2-- pist-i
w
* &n, After that, thenceorth. e'J'L pas az in, After this, jaw, Barley-meal. Pust, Wheat winnowed. The cramp-iron
henceforth. r-3' U-3 pas a: bisyr ayyn, After many of a mill. The axis. The upper mill-stone or runner. A mill
days, <&-3' L pas as jang, After the battle. ea. U. pond. A porter, a carrier of burthens. A kind of pannel which
...th pas agandan, To lay up in store. To bequeath. e L*. the porter puts upon his back, a porter's knot. An orchard.
pas madan (or ex vje dar pas madan). To follow, to *~ pasta, Carrying forward any business which had al
P

come behind. 9; j\\\ U-3 pas andmi kard (or * - U pas ready been begun. Pista (or pist), The pistachio-nut,
:
sar kard), He despised, discarded, or reviled. s U pas --~~~~ pasta-dast, Buying on credit.
P

"" gall, Afterwards, then. J. \; U pas p shudan, To re J- pastn, (pl. of e--, past) The most humble. The
P
3.
"r", to retreat, to turn back. *r AU pas-i pardah, Behind basest, lowest, meanest, most avaricious of mankind. Pistn,
the curtain, J <-- U - pas pusht kardan, To put behind The breast, the nipple. A place abounding with pistachio-nuts.
2 U 2
 <<-
The pine-tree. <& e- pistn-i sag, Sebestens. re
wj jevo pistn-i mdar buridan, To cutoff a mother's breast
(met.) To be insatiable and guilty of the basest ingratitude.
r x-y pustad (or x- bustad), Red coral. Small pearls.
r;-- pastar, Posterior, later.
p :- pistar (or bistar), Abed, a mattrass. A pillow, a cushion.
r % pastarak, Lower, inferior. Later. Humbler. More
base, more avaricious. Anything laid under paper to keep it
clean whilst being polished.
r^2- pasturum, Ice. Frost, hoar-frost, rime.
r c- pastarin, The last.
P ~}} <-- past-fitrat, Of inferior understanding.
P - pistak (or - pistank), The jujube-tree.
P c- past kardan, To squeeze, to press
P --, pistank, The jujube-tree. -
p :-3 pastah, Embroidery. Pistah, The pistachio-nut.
J K *~. pista-i shakar-fishan, The lip of a mistress.
r as <-- past-himmat, Mean-spirited. Unambitious.
* J-, pasti, Lowness. Inferiority. Humility. Baseness,
meanness. A swamp, a marsh.
P <!-- pist7-rang, Pea-green.
P z- pastinaj, A kind of tree, the tufts of which are used
as tooth-picks.
r_\;<-: past?-war, A clumsy, awkward mechanic.
pers-2 pischin or basjn, A hard wood for making bows.
p_\;<- pas-kh'ar or pas-i kh'r, Fragments of meat or drink.
r se);-U.3 pas-khurdah, The fragments of a meal, orts.
u, pas-dzwr, The back-wall.
P_- pisar or pusar, A son, a boy, a youth. ** 2- pisar-i
gamm, An uncle's son, a cousin.
ry- pisar-andar, A step-son.
P pisar-pistak, A fruit resembling the jujube.
p JA pisar-kh'andagi, Adoption.
r & s-y- pisar-kh'ndah, An adopted son.
p *~52- pisar-zdah, A grandson.
p - pisarak, A little boy. A child, an infant.
PA.L- pisar-gir, An adopted son.
p > pas raw or pas ro, A follower. An attendant.
imitator. Dependants. Train, equipage.
res,-3 pisari, Boyhood, childhood, infancy.
P & 2-3 pisarichah, A froward and undutiful son.
p ** v pas-shm, A meal which the Muhammadans make
a little before day-break during the month of Ramazn to enable
them to fast till sun-set.
P sex- pasaghdah, Prepared, arranged.
P - pisk, A lot which is cast. Curly hair. Globular dung.
p Jv- pas-kash, Recoil, rebound, repurcussion.
P J JK- piskal-i tarag, Mogul pine, pistachio.
P al- paskullah, A wooden bar or bolt.
332 \-w
P *X- pas-khah, The back-part of the saddle.
P JU pas-gardan, The neck, the back-part of the head.
P &- pasagak, Dew, hoar frost.
PA- U pas-lashkar, The rear-guard.
P J- pasman, A wager.
f sv U-3 pas-mandah, A survivor. Old, out of fashion.
r x-, pasand, Approbation. Choice. Praised. Selected.
Grateful, agreeable, excellent. (in comp.) Approving, admir
ing, loving : as A-3 Js' ahall-pasand, Approved by the learn
ed. A- ex- khd-pasand, Admiring or praising one's self.
~. Je dil-pasand, Grateful to the heart, cordial. ~~~
&- samhat-pasand, Delighting in liberality. c- **
A-3 hady-i saltn-pasand, Presents worthy of a prince.
*~! ey. yrn-pasand, Agreeable to friends. J J
pasand kardan, To approve. To choose.
Pyx~ pasandar, A brother by the father, not by the mother.
P j-, pasandarah, A bastard.
re- pasandan, To approve. To choose.
f s-, pasandah, Sufficient. Content. A son-in-law.
re-3 pasandidan, To choose. To approve, be content.
p s-- pasandidah, Approved, admired, esteemed. Se
lected, chosen. Agreeable, acceptable. Praise-worthy, lau
dable. Purified, holy. ex: 83-8 pasandidah shudan, To
be agreeable, to please. J **~ pasandida-i kibr, Agree
able to the great. e *** - pasandidah kardan, To ren
der agreeable. To approve. ***- Je atml-i pasan.
didah, Worthy actions. *** U n pasandidah, Hateful.
* Ja- *A*- pasandidah-khsal, Of excellent morals.
ry s-, pasandidah-rate, Of good conduct.
P - pasangank, Hail.
P *J- pas-nihd, A treasure, a store, a reserve.
Pe L U- pas opesh namdan, To hesitate, demur.
r sex- pasdah, Struck. Rubbed. Reached. Bored.
P_3-3 pas-war, Carrying back.
P J J-, pusilridan, To curse, execrate, anathematize.
P e-- pas-hnitan, (in ancient Persian), To scatter.
p :- pasj, Ready prepared. Provision for a journey.
Pe- pasin, Posterior, last, newest, hindmost. The afternoon,
An between mid-day and sun-set. Jr- 2-&- The last battle.
re- pasiniyan, The moderns.
P J pash (or U psh), Before. Pash (or U. bash), A
bar, a bolt. The key-hole. The staple, into which the bolt or
bar runs, when making the door fast. A sort of turban. Like:
resembling. je U. The bar or bolt of a door, embossed for
ornament or strength. J s U*. To secure, preserve, lay
up (provisions). Push, The mane of a horse. A forelock. A
little place or purse in a belt, where they carry money. A gold
smith. An owl. Ignoble. Defective.
P ** pasham, Anything of a dark colour.
P_y:: Pashwar, Name of a province of Persia.
 Q-v
*
ro v pash ba nihd, Favour, regard.
r pusht, (s T3), The back. The outside. A sup
port, a prop. A protector, patron. A pannel, a pack-saddle, a
knot, upon which porters in the East carry their burthens. An
cestry. Generation, descent. Sodomy. Name of a district in
Khursn, & e-- pusht bah pusht, Generation to ge
neration. J.A.J- ,----, pusht-i p khridan, To rejoice,
to be in high spirits, eye; .<!-- pusht-i p cadan, To take
to one's heels. To abandon. : --~ pusht-i py, The con
vex, or upper part of the foot. <!. 2~ pusht-i palang,
Mottled, dappled. C----; pusht-i chaman, A grass-plot.
ele --, pusht dd (or 9 <-- pusht namd) He gave (or
showed) his back, he fled. He backed or supported.
Je- pusht-i dast gazidan, Tobite the back of the hand.
(met.) To repent. Js pusht-i mhi, A fish's back.
Night. * > ~ push opanah, A protector and an asylum.
P ** pushtarah, A truss, a pack, a load
rj's --, pusht-andz, An infamous boy.
r pusht-bast, A truss, a load. A horse-cloth.
*** e--, pusht-pay, Infamous. A term of reproach.
* * ~ pusht-panh, An ally.
P --, pusht-poz7, A crupper.
h rjs- <-- pusht-khr, An offensive weapon.
**, * p ** --, pusht-kham, Hump-backed.
;:
P & X, ---, pusht kham shudah, Humble.
rje pusht-dr, A prop. A bar. Thick clothing.
P #A pushtaragh or pushtarugh, Name of a certain thorny
shrub, growing in the deserts. Burnet.
P <<! pashtak, Dew, hoar-frost. Curled hair. The orbi
cular dung of sheep or goats. Canine teeth. Pushtak, A vice
in horses, plunging and kicking. The game of leap-frog. A
disease incidental to the hoofs of horses. A waistcoat, a doublet.
*A*- pashatkar, The canine teeth.
p j- pushtagan, A pension, a stipend.
Pess; e-- pusht-garmi, Warm support, cordial assistance.
**- pushtalang, Vicious, faulty. Unintelligible.
Pyl. --, pusht-mrah, (>3'--, s3\" --, or *A*),
The loins, the joints in the back, the hips, rump, root of the tail.
p J- pusht-ml, An apron.
p < pushtank, A surcingle, a girth.
** pashtu, The Afghn language. A glass-bottle.
*}. pusht-war (or sy pushtwrah), A burthen, a load;
* much as a man can carry on his back. A faggot, a bundle.
P ex- pusht-wan, A prop, a support. The bar of a door.
*& pushtah, A little hill, an embankment, a mound. De
clivity. A heap. The shoulder-blades. A load. A buttress,
*Prop. A vault. A quay. & pushta-i bagh, A meadow.
*** **, pushtah-bandi, A rate levied for embankments.
p : pushti, Return. A protector, support, safeguard, or
333 J
prop. Alliance, aid. A kind of large cushion, pillow, or carpet,
upon which they sit. A rug. Tyrannical usurpation. Sodomy.
P e- pushti-bn, The bar of a gate. A prop. Whatever
is leant upon, trusted to, or adds to strength or security.
P J-pushti-mn (fore pushti-bn), A bar. A prop.
r &Ls pash-khnah (for 43- 4-3), A mosquito-curtain.
re), s pash-khn, A beating, a flattening. A gift. A
table carried with one on a journey.
P Je;-- pashkhudan, To express, compress, squeeze, strain.
P_y ** push-khr, Vain conversation.
P 39;s pash-khurah, Sweetmeats, dessert at a feast.
P e;-- pishkhun, A table, a bench.
P &s pashkhah, A clothes-brush. A bleacher's beetle.
eye-s pashkhidan, To shine, flash, glitter. To scatter.
P
p > ** push-khz, Wood from which bows are made.
Pv pash-did, Favour, regard, wish.
P-, pash-raw, Going before. An overture in music.
r & pashk, Evenness, equality. Love. Suspending. A
lot. A curling lock of hair. Grief, anxiety. The tooth of an
elephant, or other large animal. A beetle. An owl. A dis
ease in horses. A spark of fire. A dice-box. A trivet. A pot
having feet. The upper-leather of a shoe or boot, from the
heel to the toes. A leathern sack, in which they keep grain,
flour, &c. Pishk, A bird's claw. Curly hair. Sorrow. Lot.
Pushk, Sheep's dung. A small wine-jar. A fillet for the head.
Name of a tree. Pashak, Dew. Pushak, A cat.
- (N
h J& pushkl, (s f Cat) The rainy season.
* K- pashkar, A sharp tooth, the canine tooth, a tusk. Pish
kir (or JK- pishkil), Sheep's dung.
P J- pash kardan or push kardan, To fight. To con
tract, to shrivel, to wrinkle. To be trusted, or believed.
r_<! pashkaz, The back-teeth, the grinders.
rv- pish-kash (for L: psh-kash), A present,
J- pushkul, Care, solicitude. Doubt. A curling lock.
P
The orbicular dung of sheep.
P & pishkilah or pushkilah, A ring, or any thing similar,
by which they pull and shut a door. An iron bolt of a door.
P e-- pishkalzdan, To be embraced, surrounded. To
bind in fetters. To make a mark with the nails, to scratch,
tickle. To ease nature. To extend.
P : pishkam, A court, a vestibule, a portico.
P & ! pashkanj, The arm, the small bone of the arm from
the elbow to the wrist.
P ~%- pashkuk, Strong, robust. Bearing burthens. Eager
to do any thing. Gentle, tame, tractable, patient.
P J}<! pashkl, Nimble, swift, active. Eager, keen. Sad,
afflicted. Cloth (especially enough for a garment).
P eft- pishgan, Easy to cook.
P J- pishil, Two things twisted or stuck together.
 *-
w
334 3%
p cil pashlang, Lagging behind. A pickaxe. Pushlang, p ys- *** pashah-khurd, The sting of a gnat.
A mountain-fortress. Defective. Wain, unmeaning. Vicious. p_\9 ** pashah-dr (or J & pashah-ghl), A hair-tent
P * pashm, pashim, or pasham, Wool. Feather, down. to keep of flies. An elm-tree.
Camels' or asses' hair. A burden. Frost. Pubes. J * rus-3 pashi, An obolus. Pushi, Any thing circular.
pashm buridan, To shear sheep. Sheep-shearing. <--> -- P ** pash;j, Circular (as a piece of money, scale of a fish,
pashm-i dawt, Cotton, wool, or any spongy substance which is &c.). Abundant, ample. Many. Apparatus for a journey.
put into an ink-holder. 's s\S J ** pashm dar kulh na reji-, pashjidan, To be armed. To prepare.
drad, He has no wool in his cap, (met.) He has neither rank, P ** pash;7ch, Large, abundant.
knowledge, or spirit. c99. - pashm shudan, To be frittered P ** pashkh, Even, equal. Provisions for the way.
away. To scatter. J- ~ pashm kashidan, To become P A-z- pashr-khurma, The caliculus of a date.
contemptible. To despise. To parry, to ward off. rj:3 pashis, Anything small, orbicular, and flat. An obolus,
P J*- pashmk, A horse. or any small piece of money. A fish-scale. A way.
P & pashm-agand, Stuffed with wool, (as saddle-cloths, P e-j- pash?:-nishan, A coiner of money.
pannels or dorsers put under saddles or burdens). The stuffing r 5:3 pashisah, The scale of a dragon or of a fish. The

of a saddle. A surcingle, a girth. The reins. A check.
P e- pishman (for J- pashiman), Penitent.
r & pashnak, Name of a sweetmeat.
r & pashmah, A species of thorn. A sort of blue stone,
use in diseases of the eye.
re-r-t pashmdan, To scatter, to separate.
r c-- pashmn, Woolly, woollen. C- U-2 libas-i
pashmin, Woollen garments (particularly of the coarser kind).
navel. The caliculus of a date. The boss of a bridle, or on the
back of a book. \s,- 5- The caliculus of a date, resembling
a navel where it adheres to the stalk. Pushizah, The skirt of a
of
tent. The end of a knife-handle.
P---, pashim, Penitent. Dispersion, separation.
Pe- pashmn, Penitent. Sorry. Ashamed, abashed,
disgraced. Jl, Jr- To repent. To be sorry.
*::- pash;many, Repentance. Regret. J- j
P

**:3 pashminah, A kind of sweetmeat. Woollen. 3 pashiman? khurdan, To repent.

J-2 *** Having a coarse woollen cloak upon his shoulders. re: Pashn, Name of the third son of Kaykubd.
re: Pashan, Name of a celebrated champion in the <\-s
r_*: pughar, Pride, arrogance, conceit.
Shah-namah. A field of action celebrated for a battle.
rj paghas, A wedge.
I' t-pashanj, A furrow in ploughed ground. A sown field.
r & pughnah. A step, a stair.
r Jv pashanjash, A sprinkling. r pu; A puff, a blast of wind, a breathing, respiration.
I & pashanjah, A sprinkling. A freckle, a spot. Cotton
e.9% - V=\;=- charghr puf kardan, To blow out the candle.
&c. put into an ink-holder. Weaver's starch.
rej puidan, To puff, to blow out (a candle).
re-s- pashanjdan, To sprinkle. To ferment, to leaven. rj} payuz, Sour, crabbed, austere, proud.
To prepare, to arm one's self. To shine, flash, sparkle, glitter, P pak, Beauty. A girl. A frog. Household furniture,
dazzle. To burn.
utensils. Lean. Vile. Hither and thither. Pik, A joint of
rjs. pushinjr, A tree from which bows are made. the finger. Puk, Unequal, discordant. Thick, coarse. Igno
r x< pushnudah, A Persian dish, made of flour dressed with rant, silly. Hollow. A babbler. A sledge-hammer. A fg.
dates. Frost.
The round of a ladder.
P << pushnuk, A plasterer or mason's chisel, with which
T '3 puka, Name of a tree.
they dig holes in a wall. An auger, a wimble. An ancient ap P J& pakn, A trotting pace.
pearance; any thing bearing proofs of antiquity, particularly old
coins. Name of a thief.
49 pakasalak, (<<1% pakalsak, 4% pakalak, or
p

P <- pashang. A mattock, pick-axe, spade, hoe, or any -3 paksalak), Beauty, splendour, brightness. Lazin".
ignorance, deformity. Paksulak, An impostor, a perfidious de
instrument with which the earth is turned up. A ship-worm.
Reproach, reviling. Oppression. Exudation. Name of the ceitful man. A strong man.
re--: paksimat, (~& ~9), Biscuit. Or
father of Afrsiyb.
rj pushr (J3-, or J;-), Imprecation, curse. PJ pakmal, A cobbler's awl.
***** pashlidah, Scattered. Intangled, intricate. P2.9 pakand, (in the dialect of Khrzam) Bread.
P & pashah or pashshah, Agnat, a fly. c) < A spark P& paknah, Fat to a deformity.
of fire. J < A live-coal, a firebrand. % pakk, A smith's hammer. A balcony. A mark to
P .

r &\s- & pashah-khanah, A hair-tent to keep off flies. An shoot at. A drinking-cup.
elm-tree P J;& pakul, The main beam of a roof. A balcony.
 9
w w 335 *
P 44% pakulak, Elegance, beauty. Laziness, ignorance,
* deformity. Inquiry, search. Household furniture.
P J pulch?, A dealer in pearls. Glass beads.
Useless,
unprofitable. Pukuluk, Rough, uneven. | * palakh, The throat.
p & pakah, Hereafter. Thus, so. Pikah, A veil, a covering. P * palakhm (or s palakhmn), A sling.
r & pag, The female bosom. A child's play-thing. P <<!. pilistuk, A swallow.
p * pagh, The dawn. , s paghtar, Early dawn. P J-: pilasgi, A crimson die.
: pagawi, (in ancient Persian) A philosopher. P--~! palisht, Impure. Carrion. A strumpet.
p e-pagin, (in ancient Persian) Millet. P*** palaghdah, Rotten, putrid, addle.
*J. pal, A field with a raised border. Pil, The heel. The P & palaftah, Chaff.
foot (also the head) of a door, revolving in a socket, in the way *J pulk, A certain water.
of a turnstile. A humming-top. Pul, A bridge, an embankment. *: palak, An eye-lash. The twinkling of an eye. A
A small coin. A J e J. pul-i ab-gun-i tish-bar, The javelin, or demi-spear. Rough, rugged. Difficult. Pendulous.
celestial vault. e J. Pul-balan, Name of an embankment Arms.
A loaf. A present. --- ~& palak-i chashm, The
near Harat. t- J. Pul-chaknam, Name of a bridge near eye-lash. pe ~& palak-i darya, Clouds. Pulk or puluk,
Shirz. J- J. pul-shikastan, To fail, to break down. To The reins, kidnies. Whatever flies or passes with velocity. A
drown. , ~. pul-i sirt, The bridge over the eternal fire, kind of bird, the bittern.
across which the Muhammadans imagine they shall pass into Pa L palkar, (s Chf U) Revenue accruing from orchards.
radise. J% --> J. pul-i haft tak, The seventh heaven. P <<!. pulkanjik, A play, sport. Witty, pleasant. New
** palad, A led horse. Puld (for pillad), Steel. (whether newly born, created, or never before seen).
Elegant,
*** Paladah, A mean, wicked man. Speaking blasphe wonderful, admirable. A ludicrous or comic poet.
mously, idly, indecently. Rash, furious, precipitate. Corrupt. r J palkish, A kind of flower.
ov"
Slothful, imbecile. Extremely smooth. Thick. Unfortunate. P & pulukah, Reproach, contumely. Ambiguous, obscure.
- -

*:::A; Pulirghi (or bulrgh), Those to whom others
fly for refuge. Flying from one, and taking shelter with ano
ther; a fugitive, a deserter.
*% palrak, A cimeter (of Damascus), a sword of the
finest polished Indian steel.
P * palm, Earth, soil, dust.
P *** palmurdah, Languid, pendulous, flaccid, withered.
* J-k' palmas (or *~~ palmasah), Perturbation. Losing
the use of hands and feet. A lie. Calumny, unjust imputation.
P <!, palmah, The bason or scale of a balance. Lie, calumny.

palajar (or 23, palazur), Mastic. Suspicion. Pretext. The round of a ladder. A board on which
U-4 Plis, Coarse cloth, canvas. Fraud, deceit. A cheat, children learn to write.
P

an impostor. ej's J-: To apostatize, to become reprobate. P J palandin, A door-post. A threshold.

P & palank (or <!. palang), A leopard, a tiger. Any
n \,\! J-4. palas-ppr, (s UTK' STUTUZ
- - -(N
) The seeds of
" Butea frondosa used in medecine. thing of a motley colour. A bedstead. Piling, A door-post.
<palisak, Evil, calamity, misfortune.
p
P L: <! palang-posh, A coverlet.

\
* * palatir, A window. Palangar, Name of a king slain by Alexander.
PJ palkal (or ), A sword of excellent steel. r &L) <!. palang-rang, (A horse) spotted like a leopard.
p <!. Palalak, The habit of a dervish. (See % palarak). P c-: palang-gun, Of the colour of a leopard.

p e'. Pilan, A pack-saddle. r - <! palang-mushk, A kind of herb which grows

P s Planah, A bad or indecent action. at Baghdad, musky, and spotted like a leopard.
P e-: palangn, Like or belonging to a tiger.
*** paln, A sluggish beast.
P & palangnah, Tiger-like. A kind of royal vest.
*}; Pilaw, A dish composed of flesh or fish highly seasoned, Pj palivjah, Glass. A glass-vessel.
"roasted and afterwards fricasseed or stewed, covered and
heaped over with rice nicely boiled, seasoned, and sometimes J-: palwas, Deception, imposture, flattery.
P

, garni re); pul-wan, A hero. A raised path round a field. A

Ply. ""
low Prepa red shed
with hone (use, donion
with yeggs in some placessj
s, &c. Yel.
ral)
at fine quick-set hedge. Pulwn (or ey. pulun), A place where a por
ter lays down his load for a while, that he may take a little rest.
*** Palahank, A rein, a bridle, a halter, a cord. P ~}} palut, A small turban of little value.
* s J.
Pul- Const
band, ruction of bridges and embank
in - - P J pulus (equivalent to J- chpulus), Flattery.
nts; also the tax imposed for such works.
P '. pulugh, Milking.
* J Ppul, pilpil (for J3 fiil or fulful), Pepper. A
clove: P % paluk, A smith's hammer. An upper chamber. A
; a poplar-tree. & v J4. Root of the long pepper-tree.
shed, a lodge, a vine-dresser's hut. Pulak, Camels' dung.
 * 336 &
P <!. palug, A beam. A projecting roof.
\es-** panah-i khuda, The protection of God. God save
!.
P J% palwal, Name of a certain Indian pulse. you! * J) azl-panh, A retreat for learned men.
* <--> satadat-panah or * Je dawlat-panh, The
P *** palacandah, A truss, a bale, a bundle.
asylum of felicity, happy, august, glorious. * ~59.A.--
P & palah, The paddle of an oar. The hair on the temples.
masnad-i dawlat-panah, The throne of felicity, a royal throne.
A humming-top. Beastings. A certain tree. Palah or pallah,
The round or step of a ladder. Pilah, pillah, or pullah, The
* c--: shafakat-panah, Most merciful, clement, compas.
sionate. * * &alam-panah, The asylum of the world, where
bason of a balance, a scale. The eye-lid. The back part of
all the world resorts. * c--ac tismat-panah, Most chaste.
the neck, the shoulders. The sole of the feet. A willow, a saul.
* \;=3 fatw-panah, Most excellent in the decision of law-con
A small capital. A tip-cat. The silk-worm's cone. &
troversies. * --~~ karamat-panah, Miraculous.
and Jy & The scale in which bad actions are placed.
r 5- 4. pilah-chub, The game of tip-cat, or trap-ball.
P s panah-gah, An asylum, a sanctuary.
P **** panahandah, Seeking refuge; a refugee.
Pyle 4. pillah-dar, Carrying far (as a gun).
P J & pillah-kash, Partial. An adherent; dependant; ally.
P es panahzdan (or e-A **), To fly, or take refuge.
To consult safety, to take care of one's self. To be defeated.
P J & pillah-kashi, Partiality.
P **** panhzdah, Flying for protection. Protecting.
P & palhang, A bridle, a halter, a rope.

P & palitah, The wick of a candle or lamp.

Pe- pambn, Going, walking.
A tent, a sup
pository. The young of any animal.
P & pumbah, Cotton. e" 2 J & To take the
* cotton from the ear; to be attentive. Je Ly & To
P palad, (** pas or ~!, palist), Impure, defiled,
put cotton in the ear; to be inattentive to what is said. &
polluted, contaminated, unwashed. Foul. J.A.: * pad shu
J. To be soft as cotton. To be pure and white. To dis
dan, To be impure, defiled. e * palid kardan, To defile.
P --~~~ palid-chashm, A malignant, spiteful eye.
perse. To run away. J & To run away. To be scal
tered. To deny. To keep silence. To be impotent. To re
P J** paladan (for J paldan), To search, investigate.

P *** palidi, Uncleanness. Excrement, dung.

pel, to rout. To obliterate. e & To deceive. To sa
tisfy, to put to rest.
p e- palishudan, To be nasty. To abhor.
P * & pumbah-pay, A sort of weaver's treadle.
P J palil, Pepper.
P.J. & pumbah-paz (or 5, ** pumbah-waz), A cotton-carder.
P & pailah, (A **) A species of the myrobalan-tree. p_\e & pumbah-dr, Having cotton, composed of cotton.
r *** palyand, A kind of melon of a fine flavour. P &\e & pumbah-danah, Cotton-seed.
P <!: palinah, A candle-wick. The young of an animal. Pj99 & pumbah-doz, A carder of cotton.
P J pan, But. r_j & pumbah-zr, A cotton-field, or plantation.
P * panad, The air. rej & pumbah-san, A dresser of cotton.
P panagh, The end of a cotton-thread. A thread of silk P e & pumbah-kan, Flue of cotton or silk.

covered with gold or silver. Pinagh, A writer, a secretary. G e;43- pantzlyun, (IIeyrpyxxov) Cinquefoil.

rej panitan, To be obstructed (as a water-course, or F & 3-3 pantumah, Missletoe.

the lacteal veins). P & panj, Five. Fifth. In fives. Pinj, A pinch. A button.
Ps pan-gh, An asylum, a place of refuge. See s s. P --: Panjb, (The five waters or rivers) Name of a pro

*** pand-gr, A market, a fair. vince of Hindustan.

P * panalach, A woman whose husband has two wives. e.9) & panj arkn, The five pillars (of Muhammadanism:
P

P ** panam, A castle, fort, fortress. A silken thread. An Unitarianism, Prayer, Fasting, Pilgrimage, and Almsgiving).
P r. J panjal-i murgh, A bird's beak. Bird's dung.
amulet or charm. Hidden, covered, concealed. A kerchief
with which the followers of Zardusht cover their faces in prayer. r 3 t: panj angusht, Cinquefoil. Name of a place.
p --~%) t: panj awkusht, A saddle-tree.
re--- panmzdan (or ex-U. banmidan), To prohibit,
avert. Hence --- chashm-panm, Averting the influence p s panjah, Fifty.

of malignant eyes (an amulet, inscribed with sacred characters,
as a supposed charm against fascination).
P e- panan. A charm. A square cloth. Covered, hidden.
P <&l- pananag, A kind of gum.
r- punawar (or J bunwar), A sore, a felon.
p *: panawah, Confidence (in God), resignation. are read
* panah, An asylum, refuge, protection. Shade, shelter.
P
r all- s panjah salah, Fifty years old.
P **** panjahum, The fiftieth.
P <s panjahah, A prayer used daily during Lent.
P &\,\si, panjynah, Henbane, a soporific herb.
r 7 & panj dyat, The five chapters of the Kurn which
during the mourning of a Musulmn.
P &\si, panjayah, Prayers which the Christians repeat in Lent.
 & 33 A -

p y & panj bicharah, The five wanderers, viz. Saturn, P ; & panj nubat, The five daily prayers of a Muham
Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury. madan. The five times a day that music is played before the
P & & panj pyak, A crab. house of a great man. The five instruments of war, Je dohul,
p *** panj pyah (or * panj pa), The name of an herb <\ce dammah, J., tabl, -i- da, and ** sanj. G-; t:
having five feet. A crab. The sign Cancer. eye; panj nubat zadan, To rejoice. To play the great man.

**** panj pahlu, Five-sided, quinquelateral.
p Jy & panj tiryak, A kind of syrup or treacle.
P * wer & panj tan-i pk, The five holy persons, namely,
Muhammad, Ftimah, Aliy, Hasan, and Husayn.
re-el- J-5 & panj tusan-i salamat, The five senses.
F & 3- panj chobah, A kind of tent.
P **panj dut, The five daily prayers of a Musulmn.
** panjar (or ** panjarah), (sSTU) A window, a
balcony, a wooden lattice before a window. A cage, a coop.
Watch (on ship-board). 93-) 5Asi, The firmament.
*j}) & panj roz, The span of human life. Five days.
P * Pinjarah, Name of a country.
ru-si. panjis, A fracture, a breach. Pain, sorrow.
"J- & panj sal, Five years. Five years old.
"J & panj salagi, A lustrum, or space of five years.
P 4.- : panj salah, Of five years. Quinquennial.
*u-s panjash, An exercise, any thing which one learns.
Pinjash, or punjish, A ball of cotton.
P \t-J ** & panj shakh-i dast, Five fingers. Cinque-foil.
* <-su panjusht, Eradicated. A sparrow.
P &. & panj shutbah, The five senses.
P J-: panj nosh, An electuary made of five ingredients.
P J): panj warak, Cinquefoil.
P & panjah, The palm of the hand. The inside of the
thigh. The fist. The hand with the fingers expanded. The
extended talons of a bird, the claws. A sort of link or torch re
sembling five fingers. A hand made of ivory to scratch the back.
A handle, a hilt. Gripe. A fish-hook. A grappling-iron. A
net. A sling. Loose stones placed on the parapet of a fort.
Ivy. A fish. A leap, a spring. A kind of dance. A bear.
*: & The five wanderers, i. e. Saturn, Jupiter, Mars,
Venus, and Mercury. Jj & To prepare for war. *
8.Mje Five intercalary days added to the Persian year. <\;
&\le War. e & *** Name of a note in music. *-
J To grasp. To box, to slap. *, *, Cat's claw (a
plant). rs *ist, Sow-bread. Panjah (for *\s panjh), Fifty.
* ej * Panjah-san, Striking the nails into any thing.
P U23 & panjah-kash, An iron instrument resembling a
hand with which wrestlers exercise themselves, by locking their
fingers within those of the instrument. A kind of bread bearing
the marks of five fingers.
**** panjah-gir, A wrestler, a pugilist.
P *** panjiynah, Hog's bean.
P e panjdan, The fifth.

*** panjushk, A sparrow. c; <<! panjushk -

P **** panjirah (or rst, panjhir), A cage. A window.
* Sparrow's tongue (a herb); also the seed of the ash-tree. r & * panj yak, One of five, a fifth part.
p e-s panjshin, Good words.
P -s panjshambah, Thursday.
-
P cnvin, Division into parts.
p w-s panjshidan, To press, squeeze, or tickle with the P ***** panj yudah, Five, five units.
fingers. To disperse.
h ---t panchyat, An arbitration by five persons.
P s Q-c & panj ayb sharei, Very vicious, (guilty of P = 3 punchah, The front, the forehead. J- *2) J <\;
Jej punchah bar r-i kasi Sadan, To disgrace, distress, ruin.
five vices, namely, robbery, adultery, gaming, drunkenness, and
falsehood). r x., & punchah-band, The front band, wreath, or fillet,
worn by women. A curled or braided lock of hair.
*** Panjak, A sort of ivy bearing berries like the grape. P <-- 3 punkhastah, Impotent, deficient, destitute of wealth,
Flinary taxes. Punjak, A clew of cotton.
strength, or power.
'e; * panjagan, Fives. r & pand, Counsel, advice, admonition, exhortation. Doc
** & Panj ganj, The five senses. The five daily prayers
of the Muhammadans. trine, rite, ceremony. J.A. & pand-i padar, Paternal admo
nition. e-le & pand dadan (or eas a pand guftan), To
P G 2 . - -

*::=\; panj gosht, A saddle, a saddle-tree. give advice. ~~ A4 pand-i dil-pasand, Cordial exhorta
p * Panj goshah, A pentagon.

tion, good counsel. Pand, The white eagle. A kite. Water

* s panjum (or cst panjumin), The fifth. Jy ** cresses. Pind, A seat. Podex. A tike. Pund, Cotton pre
panjum **k, The fifth heaven. The orbit of the planet Mars.
pared for spining.
"r Panjmir, Name of a province in cy; Trn. r_< pandr, One who takes advice. Pindar, Thought,
p <st - - - -

W
F. panjangusht, Five fingers. Cinquefoil, and se
- -
opinion, advice, counsel, judgment. Pride, conceit. Pondering,
*ral other similar plants, with their seeds. A fork with five thinking, weighing. Revolving. Jly, dur-pindar, Think
P"gs. Name of a place near rj Tabriz. ing deeply, penetrating into futurity.
2 X
 &-
w
338 2%

re pindrinidan, To cause to understand, consider. rj pinhni, Concealment, r ba pinhni (or j

P*A* pindarah, Thought, opinion. Fancy. Conceit. dar pinhn), In secret, clandestinely.
P99.4 pindari, Youlinderstand, you may consider. Conceit.
J. pinhndan, To abscond, to lie hid.
P

J ti na pindari, That you may not think. P_ panir, Cheese.

re-'- pindashtan (or J- pindaridan), To think,
ponder, consider, understand, presume, imagine. To be proud.
r;|x- pindalu, Name of an Indian esculent root.
rj Pandar, Name of a fortress near Shirz.
rjj-, pundaraz, (See M* bun-dr). Yellowness. A pack
ing-needle. A large knife, a shoe-maker's paring-knife.
P 8,34 pindarah, A blockhead. A supposititious child.
P J** pundish (or - pundik), A ball of cotton.
r x& pandand, (in ancient Persian) A son.
P & pandu (or s pandah), The tike, an animal which
infests cattle. Pindu, The rippling of a stream. The palmer
or canker-worm. Pundii, Water-cresses.
P sy; A. pandarah, Garden, or water-cresses. A half-brother.
f s pindah, A drop, a spot, a point. Pundah, Atike. A
wen (on the bodies of animals).
r 72:3 panir-b, Whey pressed from new-made cheese.
P **** panir-khurma, The pith of the palm-tree.
P <-- panirak (or s), A sun-flower. The chameleon.
P *-*** panir-kisah, A cheese suspended in a cloth that the
serum may run out.
P * - panir-myah, Rennet for curdling milk.
P s paniri, Made of cheese.
rj paniz, Ever. Never. Quick, speedy.
r & panizah (or 4-4 panisah), A kind of herb, fumitory.
** panila, A forum, a market-place.
P J pan?n, Ever. Never. Quick, speedy.
P L: panysh, Beating, pulsation. Work, labour.
Pe panyn, Going away, walking.
p : pit, Light, smooth, slight. Inquiry, search, a running
about. c e 3 tak op kardan, To enquire diligently,

re---; pandidan, To give counsel. To take advice. to run about in search of any thing.
P : puwch, Wicked, base, low, vile.
P & panzah, A dance, a ball.
GeVax pantiln, (II-vrpuxxon) Cinquefoil. P : pawazz, Heat, ardour, pain.

*A* pintar, Proud, self-conceited.
rj panfz, The teeth and claws of beasts. Birds' food.
ry; pankur, A dish made of the heads and wings of birds.
P &pank (or & bank), Tribute exacted from Christians
in the Muhammadan countries. A large cup. Pank, A cluster
of dates. A stick. A window. The morning. Pink, A pinch.
An hour-glass. A thousandth part of a night and a day. Panak,
A span. Panik, (in ancient Persian) A kind of wild black plum.
rj, pankar, Pride. Proud. Pleased with one's own work.
c pankan, A sieve with wide meshes; also a fan or ven
P r x, put, Liver. A fry. Victuals. A melon.
tilator for winnowing grain. Pinkan, A harrow, a rake.
P J. pinkdan, To mutter to one's-self in anger.
P <& pang, A bunch of dates. A rod, stick, baton, piece of
wood. A window. The dawn, aurora, day-break, morning.
A copper-bason with a small hole in the bottom, for water in
which it is placed to flow through, used for measuring time.
P 9& pangrah, A wooden platter, dish, bowl, or cup.
P J- pingal, A cup, a glass. An hour-glass.
r s pungh, A hill.
P &\; pawnah, A pass, a defile leading into Persia.
r 28 pub, Tapestry, carpeting, or any thing spreadin a house
by way of ornament. The comb or crest of a cock. A father.
r ; pup (or U-33 pupash), A lapwing.
Pe-33 pupishman, A helmet.
P : pupak, A lapwing. A virgin.
P J pupal (for J3; ffal), A sort of Indian nut.
p : ; pip, A lapwing; also its cry.
r & 33 pupah, A lapwing.
P \,: pot, The scrotum, the testicles.
P : putab, A butt for shooting at.
P & putank, Pulecium, penny-royal.
r & pittah, A crucible. A treasury. See also ffith.
* * : pj (or &: pch), Injudicious, ignorant, absurd. Ir
regular, inconsistent, immoderate, inordinate. Round, convex:
bunching out, hilly. Low, vile, base. Plain, smooth. Emp"
vacant. A prater, a babbler, a blabber.
li -: puja, (s TSTI) Worship.

P pangarah or pingarah, A large kettle. A small dish, * r x! pj-bin?, Large-nosed, hook-nosed.

pan, plate, or cup. A fan made of straw for winnowing wheat.
P < panang or pinang, A window. *:::::: pitch-go, Talking nonsense.
r & panah, A dunghill.
p <!--> puchiyt, Foolish prattle.
* {: pkh, Gumminess about the eyes.
& panhalah, A confection of almonds.
P
re; pad, Meat or food (for man or beast). Bait (for fish).
re panhan or pinhn, Concealed, hid. Clandestine, se Fuel (for fire). A poker. Cloth in the loom, the warp, a web.lif
Cret. J e pinhn budan, To be concealed, to abscond.
2
Cloths (particularly linens) woven in streaks or stripes of ""
PAs pinhn-gar, A place expected to contain something. .**

 3: 339 C-53
s
ferent colours. Old. A fire-steel. ex: 93 d5 piad, Wrought in
Pej pzan, Ground prepared for sowing.
two colours, exe di pad, Cloth of two colours. P t: puzunj, An excuse.
P 9; pdt, Perceived, felt.
Hj9; pdar, A weighman, a money-changer. P j puzah (or j : pjah), The leg. A horse's lip. 9:
& c-Wool, pile of cloth. J $5: The pith of a tree, the
r & expid-band, A fillet for the mouth. A thing forgotten. trunk, the moss upon a tree; the down upon the leaves, or fruit.
P &expadinah (or &e: pdinah), The herb mint.
ppuzi, The face. An ornament on bridles, and the like.
r sex, pudah, Empty. Old. Weak. Rotten. A bladder.
An empty rotten nut. Meat (for men). Food (for cattle).
Pej puzidan or pzdan, To excuse one's self. To ask
leave. To enquire the price or quantity of any thing. To cook.
Bait (for fish). Fuel (for fire). Touchwood. The stump or
trunk of a tree. A poker. A warp, a web. P Lj}: pzsh (for Uj}: pzish) Excuse, apology. Pretence
P & 5: pznah, An ape. A weight equal to 120 lbs.
r &e; padinah (or &: puz), Mint, spearmint, water-cresses,
balm-gentle, parsley, calamint, penny-royal, pudding-grass. p53: pj, The leg, the calf. The jaw.
P Jpsish (equiv. to Uj::prish) An excuse, an apology. rej; pujan, Blisters on the hand caused by hard labour.
r
p_3, pur. A son. A horse. Pretended ignorance. J.
P t: pijunj, Excuse. Intercession.
P <: piang, A piece, a portion, a morsel.
shh-pur, The son of a king, name of a king of Persia, whom the
Greek and Roman writers called Sapores. Steel. A woodcock. P U-3: ps, Cajolery, servile civility.
"Jy: Pur-i Abtin, Name of Faridun king of Persia. P *:: pusanah, Fraudulently. A deceiver. A conqueror.
it : Pur-Azar, Name of the patriarch Abraham. r -33 post or past, Skin. A raw hide, an untanned or un
t "ey. Purn, The city of Kanj. A successor. A keepsake. dressed skin. A rind or outward coat of any thing. A crust.
The bark of a tree. A shell. Poppy-head. Jj ;
"Jj : Purn-tursh, Name of a celebrated magician.
P~s-9ey; Prn-dokht, Name of the daughter of Khus post baz kardan (or Je c-pst ddan), To draw back
raw Parvez. the skin, to reveal the secrets of the heart. 4-ir ,---> post-i
p J: Purtakl, Portugal. baysah, An egg-shell. j-,--> post-ijawz, The shell of a
nut. A vessel. A kind of red flower. 45, J. <- .<-->
"J-: Pur-dastn, Name of the father of Rustam.
Af w purdagn (or J: purdiyn), Five intercalary e-3 pst-i sag bar ry kashidan, To draw a dog's skin over
P

days added to the end of the Persian year. the face, (met.) To be indecent. J ---> post kardan, To
be intimate. To slander. To deceive. eye- J-4 , -->
~~~); Pur-shash, Name of the father of Zardusht.
* ---
P >
pur-i sada oyste
, (Son of the r) A pearl. ba post-i kasz utadan, To traduce. ea. <--> post kandan,
Pe','', Pur-tamrn, Aaron and Moses. Exod. vi. 20. To flay. Js 2~; post-imar, A snake's slough. L-v, G-;
P Pur-tanka, Name of the father of Rustam. post-i mis, Blue vitriol.

"J: puran, Saucy, importunate beggars. P A - post bar post, Empty, worthless.
p Pur- Kub Nam i d, Nsh
e of
-
irvn king of Persia. **:: post-parah (or :- 3 post-pr), A tanner.
P

p . Purak, Name of the daughter of the king of Kanj.
r x:: purkand, A balcony, a portico. A mansion.
p * pur-mand, Having a numerous offspring. A kind of
* fragrant herb.
...
**): purah, A son. The pith of a tree. Borax. Bread and
stewed meat.
. : *A*.x: Pur-i Hajir, Ishmael the son of Hagar.
"w: Pariyn, A name given to the citizens of Kanj.
"); P, The lip, the mouth, and the environs. The leg, the
calf of the leg, the ankle. The nose of a dog (or other animal). poppy-heads. A lazy, indolent person.
The * f a hawk (and of birds in general). Speaking.
P ~~~3 puz-dirakht, The pith of a tree.
: An excuse, aplogy, pretence, pretext.
A cl, advice. Quantity. Price, value.
n. c-: To excuse, make an apology.
P = \
* Cx, posish-pazir, Receiving or accepting apologies.
p J: P*ma black
l. A farrier or smith's twitch.
Tanned leather. The standard of:\S Gaw. See eye. A .
P : --> post-piray, A tanner. A currier.
p &S --> post-klah, Leather untanned. An oblong seg
ment of thin leather, which they sew round garments in the man
ner of lace. A shoe-latchet, a thong, strap, belt. The smooth
skin under the tail. Dung adhering to the tail of a sheep.
P J-2 postigi, The cream upon milk, the fat upon broth.
A scale or thin splinter which flies off iron. See -38 post.
* -: post7, One who intoxicates himself with an infusion of
P e-2 pastiyn, The buttocks.
P 3-3 pastidah, Rotten, rancid, putrefied.
P !---> postira (or :-} postzray), A tanner.
In
P c- postin, Leathern. Leather. A fur-garment, c-:
c postin kardan, To speak ill of; to tell the faults.
rje c-: postin-dos, A furrier.
P J-: posagal, See & --~; post-klah.
P & pitsah, A string put round a spinning-wheel.
2 X 2
 w
340
re-3; positn, Camel's skin. Fish-skin, shagreen.
Pejr-33 poszdan, To rot, corrupt, spoil, wither; to become
putrid. To be torn, worn, ragged. See ej.
p :--; posidah, Rotten, rancid, putrefied, carious. Worn out.
PU: posh, A covering, mantle, garment. A coat of mail.
A cover, veil, lid. (in comp.) Clothing, dressing, covering.
v. p-posh, (cvering the feet) shoes, slippers. J*:: c
J: la- Khata-aposh, Concealing or pardoning
jaram-posh or
sins. U j-, sabz-posh, Clothed in green, L: 4.5 kallah
posh, (Covering the head), a turban or other head-dress.
P *:: posha, Covering, concealing. A garment. Thought.
P : poshak, Clothes, garments.
P J: poshk, (Cloth) fit for making garments.
P J*:: poshanidan, To hide, to cause to cover or clothe.
P <<: pushtak, Name of a boy's game.
* -se-je U psh-darband, A plant growing in Darband,
which the natives bruise and form into little bougies, and use as
an eye-salve.
r L poshish, A covering, garment, dress. A coverlet,
sheet, blanket. J .L, poshish-i tan, A covering for the
body, a habit, coat, gown. L L Zer zamin-i be poshish,
(Ground without covering), a desert; uncultivated lands.
P pishak, (in the dialect of Trn) A cat, puss.
P e. poshkardan, To tie up the fore-skirts of the gar
ment round the waist; to gird up the loins, to fall seriously about
any thing. To let down the lappet of the garment. To con
tract one's self. To become bold or impetuous, to strain every
nerve. To be believed, credited, trusted; to deserve confidence.
P c poshgn, A point in the divine life attainable only by
the very spiritually-minded. Name of a place near Nishabr.
Pshagn, Invisible things. Name of a note in music.
p 4.333 pshalah, Covered. Clothing.
r x<x poshand, A woman's veil reaching to the ground.
p >< *; pshindah, Who clothes. -s." 233 3-x.
Who puts on the habit of friendship.
P <: pashang, Name of a village. Pushnag, A cat.
P & & poshnah, A lid, a cover. Anything concealed.
r & pshah, A veil, a curtain.
P J**:: poshidan, To cover, conceal, clothe. To dress.
P -je.*:: poshidani, Fit, proper, necessary to be put on.
r s pshidah, Clothed, dressed, concealed, covered, hid.
A chaste, retired woman. Je; ***; poshidah budan, To be
concealed, to abscond, lie hid. To be clothed, dressed.
P --- ***2 poshidah-chashm, Hood-winked. Blind.
P : puk, Fuel for fire. Anything combustible; as laths,
chips, or shavings of timber with which they light fires. Fuel.
Wind from the throat. Thorns, rubbish, and earth, which they
strew over the pits in which corn is laid, that it may not be disco
wered by thieves or enemies. The pit itself. A sort of herb,
dock, monks rhubarb, lapathum. Hollow. A prophet.
_4}
P J: pill, A bridge. Any thing orbicular laid upon, or ad.
hering to another, as a piece at draughts, the scale of a fish, &c.
A small piece of copper coin. ej J: pulgiritan, To scrape
the scales off a fish, to scale. Pul, An inn, a caravansera, an
hospital. An helmet. The web in the eye. Prior, anterior.
P : pulab, Sense, feeling.
P J: pulabz, Palpable, tangible, evident, obvious.
p : pld or pld, The finest Damascus-steel, which with
that of Kum is esteemed the best in the East. Steel gene
rally. A demon. A famous warrior. A club. Boiled rice.
r2.5% & puld-bs, Having an arm of steel.
P &\s. 9); pulad-khy (or < pulad-rag), Headstrong.
rest- el, puld-sanjn, Hardy, intrepid warriors.
P 4+* puld-mikhlab, (An eagle) with talons like steel.
P f pld-nihd, As hard as steel, of the nature of steel.
P : pulanz, Pottage, gruel.
P : pulak, The scales of a fish.
P &pulah, Name of an insect. A melon. A laver or ewer
of leather. A prowling wolf.
re: pn, Felt-cloth, or any kind of saddle-cloths for horses,
camels, or other beasts of burthen.
P t: Pnzka, Phoenicia.
P s py, A plant which has tendrils like the vine and bears
fruit resembling fox-grapes. Pily, Wandering, running, mean
dering. Investigation.
r py (or e\; piyn), Wandering, meander"; "
swift horse. A vagabond. Je; : pyn budan, To meal.
der, to run up and down. -
P_r > c: puyn-hi-bar, A horse.
P ...s; s pay-pity, Running very fast. Fie!
P & parcichah, Ivy.
Pej pityidan, To wander.
P J payish, A running up and down.
P c pygn, The womb. Water sprinkled on any thing,
P J: pyandagi, Running, swiftness.
r &; pilyah, Wandering, running. A canter, a hand-gallop.
Wehement desire.
rej pityidan, To run to and fro, to wander, to mean,
to make haste. To run over, examine, learn. To be atte"
r & pah, Bravo! well done!
in *\d pahrah, The hog-deer.
P Jd Pahaman, Artaxerxes.
IIP Jy; J-\ phansi kardan, To hang by the neck, strange.
P &\ pahnah, A wedge. The bar of a door.
l
PJd Phatn, Name of an Afghn tribe. A Patan.
rj pahr, A fourth part. . 24.39 Two fourths or watches
of the night. Puhr, A Jewish seminary. A synagogue.
* 3rd pahrah, A guard. Protection. A fourth of the might,
r_\e s pahrah-dr, A centinel, a guard, a watchman.
 c 341 w

, ". h Jr. K phakir mill, Name of an Indian root.

l.
r pahnam?, A little. Name of an herb.
P J pahl, A crowd of men. pahna-war (for y pahn-war), Broad, wide. Pah
ls
*A* phalgar, Rent for fruit-trees let for the season.
H * phalinda, Name of a fruit. nur, Perfume. The colocynth, or bitter purging apple.
P & pahnah, A kind of racket, such as they play with at ten
*::: Pahlaw, A hero. A wrestler. Name of a country and nis. A battledore. A mallet. A hatchet. Cotton-stuff. A
of a city. Pahl, The side, the hypochondria or back and sides
under the short ribs. The breast. The hip. Strength. Utility. race-ground. The thigh. Pahanah, A flowing of milk.
r
Strong. Bold. Warlike. * * pahlu pahlu (or * * }; P J pahndan, To expand, to extend, to stretch.
*

pahlil bahpahl), Breast to breast, man against man, equal. * P pahu, A dish made of boiled fruits.
Ih 45-yd phulsar, An Indian tree which bears a small white
t. clopahl ddan, To assist. To retire. To avoid. ej *: pahlu
fragrant flower.
Sadan, To associate together, to be on a footing with. es:
pahlkardan, To run away. To turn away the face, to avoid, to * J pah?, The bitter purging apple.
beware of A. *::: pahluw-i lashkar, The wing of an army. * Jr: Pahin, Wide, ample, broad.
cpahli nihdan, To sleep. e-r ba pahli, u. trace, * G pay, A foot. A nerve, a tendon. A footstep, a track,
mark, vestige. The heel. The back. Rank. Power,
tdun, To fall on the side. To die, be killed.
- Pe Pahluwn, A hero, a champion, a brave warrior, a. strength. A pretence, pretext, false appearance. Inclination.
strong athletic man. Because, for, on account of. After; behind. 3. & 3) On your
A general of an army. Riding alone,
with a companion. Name of a Persian nation. J:- account. Jy es: 3 (or e Us. Je), To go behind, to follow,
The celestial warrior, Mars. J25 2. -e);4 A brave champion. to trace. c j) By way of recreation. Jy Us. To ar
p & Pahluwananah, Heroic. Heroically. rive quickly. e." j Us, pay baz nihdan, To retreat.

*3% P*n, Heroism. A citizen. An ancient Per e pay kardan, To follow. To hamstring.
sian. Heroic. * Us, p7, Fat, grease, tallow.
"Gd Phl-tihi, Separate, distinct. Moderate. Abate
P +\payb, Power, strength. A fish-pond. Any stone
iment, J es? *: pahlu th: kardan, To withdraw, to
reservoir of water. The bottom of the sea, of a river, lake, cis
retire. To shun, to avoid. ***, or any piece of water. Depth of water. The mouth of a
*M**pah-dr, A helper. Scurrilous language. river, fountain, creek, or haven. A whirlpool. The foot or ex
*** Pahl-say, An equal. An intimate companion. tremity of any thing, the end. Shallow. Injured, damaged.
* Pahlavi,
P A citizen. P
An ancient Persian, and whatever ... pay-a-pay, Step by step, successively, consequently.
relates to him. One of the Guebres, or Magi, who do not mix P s piydah, A foot-man. A foot-soldier. Infantry.
A
with the Arabians, nor adopt their religion or language. Nigh pawn at chess. A servant. A bailiff, a catchpoll. On foot.
t near, at theside. ** .e.93 sabn-i pahlavi, The language Ignorant, uninformed. The tendril of a vine. A willow. A
of the ancient Persians, the Pahlavi language. sort of rose. J *~\ To be on foot, to alight from a horse.
p &#pahlah, A falconer's glove, on which the hawk perches.
** On foot. ** s A servant kept in constant pay.
The territory of Ispahn, Ray, and Dinawar. P -\,; ** piydah-nafart (or Jse), Infantry.

*** Phmazak, A porcupine. piyr, Name of an Indian fruit.

* cr pahman, A species of monkey. A sort of bread. p piyrak, A bird resembling the nightingale in shape

* Ut, pahn or pahin, Latitude, breadth, width. Wide, large,
*', ample, extensive. c J pahn kardan, To extend.
*apahn, Broad, wide. Latitude, breadth.
2 *}\: piyas or payas, An onion.
*** pahnlah, Fragrant, odoriferous. Coriander-seeds,
which in the East they frequently put into bread. A kind of
bread made of fine flour and almonds. An ape.
P * P*nah, Coriander-seeds. Bread dressed in butter.
An ape. Broad.
** pahn-war, Broad, wide, ample. Breadth, latitude.
J}** *-*3 dasht-i pahn-war, A widely extended desert.
pJ Pahn-7, Latitude, amplitude, width, breadth.
p* pahand, A toil for catching deer, a buckstall.
*A* Pahn-dr, Broad, having width.
*** Jpahn-dasht, A desert, a plain.
and song, but smaller and very green.
P * piyarah (for ** piydah), A foot-man. Infantry.
F;\ piyz-t, A stinking breath. Stinking-breathed.
Pus-se 3*. piyz-i dashti, A wild onion, a sea-onion, a bul
bous root, a scallion, a squill. Rat's bane, wolf's bane.
P <\ piysak, A rattan. A mace. Name of a village.
P J piysak, A sort of ruby brought from Piyzak.
** piyz-ls, A wild onion.
P Lx~. piyz-mush, The sea-onion or squill.
P 2}\ piyz; A sea-onion, a squill.
*\}}\ piyz-wa, Any light, unsatisfying food.
* -piyz, A wild onion. A kind of ruby. An iron mace.
s -piyz-rang, Pink-coloured, rosy.
P

&
*}-\ piysta, Large-mouthed. Stinking-breathed.
r piylah, A cup, a goblet sufficient for two men. A
drinking-glass. The pan of a musket-lock. J3- A cup
filled to the brim, e.e.: 4%. To drink. e-left d To cir
culate the glass or goblet.
ra'); d piyalah-nawalah, Meat and drink (a cant word
amongst debauchees).
P Ppayn, News, advice. Message. Salutation (in let
ters). *** **** ''': payam-i mawaddat-ikhtitam, Affec
tionate salutations, friendly compliments.
r_ *: payam-awar, An ambassador, an envoy.
prpayn-bar, A prophet, an apostle, a messenger.
P ** paymgh (or *** bi mgh), Muscular, sinewy
flesh. The fleshy part or brawn of meat. A piece of flesh or fish
without bone. Name of an herb.
r;s payh, A house of a hexagonal form. An upper
room having an ascent by a winding staircase.
rej J pay burdan, To know, to understand.
P & X, J pay burdah shudah, Without ceremony.
rvr:; pibas, Dry mouldy bread, spoiled by the mice. A
tumour. A louse. A kind of butter, or fat of mutton, the eating
of which is said to be good for disorders in the eyes.
r x: pay-band. A fetter, a rope to fasten the feet of cattle.
ii J pipal, (s ) The holy fig-tree.
hi Jr. }: pipal-ml, (s ic) Long-pepper root.
P *:: ptm,
(in ancient Persian) News, intelligence.
r p7tarkhmah, An answer, a reply. Lightning.
r 2.3 Pitarsab, Name of the grandfather of Zardusht.
P &pitak, A moth that frets a garment. Vain.
rej pitkni, An engine (for throwing stones). A lever.
II J-pital, (s fLaGY) Brass.
r & pitah (or & btah), The wick of a candle or match of
a lamp, a lint-stock. II Title of different portions of land united.
P ~f~ pitishahim, The third period, comprizing 75 days,
during which the earth was created. (Hyde, Rel. Vet. Pers.)
r "stupik, Tough, any thing that is difficult to chew.
P *: plah, A tree that bears fruit late.
Ppch, Twisted, folded, rolled up, curled, intertwined,
ww.i, coiled, crooked, complicated, intricate. Curvature,
contortion, bending. A curl, ringlet, fold, plait, wreath, twist,
roll. A worm which infests the bottom of ships. A screw. A
coat-button. Difficulty, perplexity. Deceit. Envy. _5 t
With a thousand folds and writhings. ~\, , *::: J. **)
Thread, full of twists and turns. & 29 : pch dar pch, Roll
within roll. Jj t pech zadan, To screw.
Pr! \su pch-a-pch, Involved, intricate, distorted, crooked,
rolled in a circle or heap. Crisped, curled.
ress pichd, (J and Je sel), A gem. Beads
342
of different colours. Variegated coral. (poet.) The upper lip,
when the beard or mustaches just begin to appear.
P **** pichdah, Beads for prayers. Ambergris. The
gum of a species of pine.
r pechk, A ring made of bone, without a beazel.
P Jl pichl, The dung of birds.
P e pechn, Complicated, intricate, twisted, wreathed.
rej t: pchanidan, To twist, to involve.
r 39 **** pcha-i n, The contortion of the navel, an ex
cruciating pain, incident to women in labour.
P *** pech-pa, A crab.
P **** pch-pch, The torment of the cord, the rack,
r u =\; pch-tb, A knot. High words, angry discourse.
Silence through anger. Restlessness, suspense, perplexity.
*M*: pch-dr, Twisted, coiled.
ru pchish, Contortion, inflexion. The gripes. Cir
cumvention, contention. 32.9 U.<\; A twisting of the bowels.
P pchak, A skein of thread. The bottom on which
thread is wound. Swathes. A ship-worm. Ivy. A bone-ring.
P J. pch-kash, A turn-screw.
r x<\; pchand, A fillet for a woman's hair. Ivy.
P e';*. pch-wan, Twisted, coiled.
P & pchah, An auger, wimble, piercer. An arbour, any
kind of leafy shade. A creeping plant. A place where flags
or reeds grow. A lock of curling hair. Fire. Joy. A gar
ment, dress, A wink, a nod, a sign.
**** pch?ch, Torment, affliction.
Pe pechidan, To twist, distort, bend, involve, to wreath
or coil as a serpent, to wind in a serpentine form, to surround,
envelope, to involve. To twist a bit of camel's nerve or bow
string round the end of an arrow. To screw, wreath, make
intricate. To assemble, meet, collect together. To wound.
To be confused in speech. To assist, succour:
To divulge.
Paychidan, To associate or keep company with.
r s pchdah, Twisted. A bracelet. Ivy. Perverse.
P Urs, pchish, Contortion, convolution. The gripes.
P **** pchilah, A tree that produces late.
P & pekh, A gummy substance adhering to the eye-lashes.
P J pikhal (or J bkhl), The dung of birds.
P *: pkhn, Flatness, insipidity.
p cs pakhtan, To sift. (See J**** pchidan), To w
P & s pkhtah, Sifted. A helpless prisoner. A captive *
mal that cannot escape nor move. Impatient, and impotent.
P U-s pekhas, Suspicion, guess. A discovery.
P ---spay-khast, Undermined. Trampled. Imprisoned.
Wearied, afflicted, miserable. Sick, infirm, weak. Fortified.
Fetid, stinking.
r &-s pay-khastah, Sick, incurable. Impotent, help
Unfortunate, miserable, wretched. Fetid. Stuffed. A unan"
 _*:
beast confined in a narrow place, whence they cannot escape.
An undermined wall.
. f tk pay-khishtah, (or pay-khasht), A beaten
path, worn by the feet. Sick. Incurable.
rej, pkhidan, To divide into parts. To rise.
r & pid, Scattered, dispersed. Singed, spoiled. Useless.
Pd, Fat, grease, tallow.
p payda, Born, created, produced. Discovered, invented.
:*
Exhibited. Public. An invention, discovery. A publication, ex
hibition, production. Openly, publicly, clearly, evidently, ma
nifestly. J \: To be evident. To become public. To
come forward (as a bile or other sore). To labour under any
disorder. To originate (as a malady). To rise or appear (as
the sun). J : To invent, discover, declare, make public.
*** paydad, Open, public, manifest.
PJ. paydash; Creation, production, cosmogony.
PJl, payd-wr, The produce of a field, profits of trade.
P :: paydawas, A coin of the value of five dinrs, that
passed current in Persia during the reigns of the Kaynians.
P J. paydyish, Production, birth. Earnings, profit.
*y us, pay dar pay, Step by step, one after another.
r pir, An old man. A founder or chief of any religious
body or sect. Monday. An old woman. (CAST.) JA 2:
'- pir-i barn-wash, The world. The sky. *** 2: pir-i taalim,
t
**piritual guide. 4.- J-2:3 pir-i chehi slah, Maturity of
1: intellect. An angel, Adam. A turquoise stone. \\
pir-i khuda, Name of Othmn. 9,-- rpir-i khirad, Wisdom.
v-- r pir-i khasis, The planet Saturn. The devil. 2:
**pir-i d t, The vault of heaven. ** 2 r pr-i do mov,
The world (as subject to the interchange of day and night). 2:
Je pir-i dahkn, Old wine. J} Jr. pir-i zl, An old decrepit
"an. The father of Rustam. A title of honour (similar to Senior,
Seigneur, Senor, or Senhor, among the French, Italians, and
Spaniards). ~~~y- 2:3 pir-i sarndib, The old man of Cey
lon, i.e. Adam. {j- *s 2:3 pir-i shashum charkh, The planet
Jupiter, -- 2:3 pir-i tarikat, A spiritual guide. ; 2Jr.
Partit. A delirious old man. & 33 23 pir-i falak, The
planet Saturn. \;= <s Jr. pir-i Kushta-i ghargh, The old
"an killed in the fray, i. e. Othmn. Jes Jr. pir-i kantn,
The patriarch Jacob. es 23 pir-i mughan, Achief priest of
the Magi, or worshippers of fire. A prior of a Christian monas
*Y. A keeper of a taverm, or house of promiscuous entertain
ment, e;-- 2 r. piro jawn, Old and young. Jj 2:.
thority, an aged prince. The father of Rustam (the Persian
Pir-i darwshn, The superior of the Dervishes (an order of Hercules). (The father of this hero is called likewise C Jr.
Muhammadan monks). pir-zl, (Old hair), and 23 Jy =al-zar, (Golden-hair).
r. pira (and r. piray) (from J-2 pirastan), One
who decorates, polishes,orwrites with elegance. A pruner.
r. 999 nadirah-pr, A writer of memorable events.
P ** pirad, Last year.
* J- Dr. pirr-sl, The year before last. A fertile year.
343 Jr.;
p c-: pirastan (or c-: piristnidan),To adorn,
decorate, ornament, embellish. To tan. To prune. To cleave,
to cut. To diminish. To prepare ground for sowing. To scat
ter here and there in small quantities. To fill up a ditch. To
build or surround (a well) with stones. To marry, to associate
with. To put on a garment which does not fit.
p <-y: pirastah, Adorned. (Anything) cut or lopped off.
(A skin) softened and fit for use. (Ground) prepared for seed.
Giving, causing, inducing. An ornament. A well surrounded
or built with stones. A village abounding in palm-trees. Suburbs.
r &y. piragand, Scattered, dispersed.
P c- piragandan, To disperse, to scatter.
rer, p?raman (or err, p?rmn), A circuit. A bor
der, a margin. The environs, the adjacent places. The skirt
of a garment, a lappet, or flap. About, around. r- rer:
p?raman-i saray, The environs of the house, whatever surrounds it.
P err. payrmn, Harmless, inoffensive.
P ey. piran, (pl. of r! per) Old men. Land granted for the
erection or preservation of a tomb over a Muhammadan saint.
Name of one of Afrsyb's generals.
P &\,: piranah, Elderly, like an old man. Becoming, suit
ing a saint. Growing old. A hunter.
w_r. *} prnah-sar, Old age.
P Jy piranzdan, (transitive of e-y: pirastan) To cause
to adorn.
2r. P r: pirah, A leather-dresser, a tanner, a currier.
* Uts, pirahish, Ornament, decoration. Tanning.
P Jr. pirahan (or es, pirahan), A loose west, a shirt.
* sses Ze, prhan-i kghisi, A petition for justice.
Dawn. The rays of the sun.
P e-r. pzrahidan, To tan or dress leather.
P r. piray, Adorning. Pruning. Shaving the head.
P J. p?rayish, Ornament, decoration. Tanning.
P s p?rayindah, Clipping, pruning. Adorning.
P *y-, pirayah, Adorned. An ornament. A woman, who is
an ornament to her sex. A cradle. A vessel. e Js; r:
pryah bakhsh kardan, To adorn, to embellish.
P e-y: piray?dan, To adorm. See J-y: pirastan.
P & p?r-bunyah, A young man quite grey.
P & Jpir-pambah, A hairy old man.
reer, piraan, Abroad, out of doors.
P *}x. pir-zd, (Old) born decrepit. An old man of au
rej pirzad (or 83 r), A kind of medicine. Galbanum.
r_j}} pr-zar, An old man.
rej, pr-zan, An old woman. & J rejJr. Heaven.
P j payrzah, Any thing tied up in a bundle.
P -55Jr. pirji, Different sorts of merchandise mixed together,
 Cr
especially bagatelles, toys. Ut, r pirji-farsh, A vender
of small wares, a toy-merchant.
relpir-sil, Stricken in years. 32,3- J Old wine.
P}. als3rd pirkalah-pas, One who cooks the heads and feet of
cattle.
P J- pirmr-sal, The year before last.
P -: p?rmst-pa, A horse that rears.
Perr, pir-mard, An old man.
Pejr piraman (for err. prman), A circuit. About.
P t: pirandakh, Leather made from goat's skin.
Fy L pay-raw (or e'r), A follower. A physiognomist.
r_\ 32. piro bar, The most high God.
Pr: p?ruj, A turkey.
Pj r pirz (for 522; firs), Victorious. Superior. Pros stripping all others. J U p?sh shudan, To be superior,
perous, favoured by fortune and opportunity. A conqueror. to excel. eye,-- U pesh shumurdan, To count before hand;
Victory, conquest. Opportunity, occasion. to anticipate. eye-A U-3 psh faristdan, To send to, to
-
rej, przad, Thought, reflection. A medicine. wards, before. c U-3 pesh kardan, To prefix, to preface.
P ej pirozdank, Red lines, which women in some e U: psh kashidan, To attract. e-v. psh girlf
Eastern countries make upon the face.
p Piroz-rm, Name of an ancient city in India.
P j r pirozah (equivalent to f irozah), A turquoise,
a kind of blue gem. A conqueror.
rye- sjr pirzah-chdir, The firmament, the sky.
rj r pirosah-maghs, The sky.
P r pirz, (for .552; firsz), Victory, triumph.
p.s.. pay-raici, A following, a pursuit. Dependance. Con
sequence. e.9% s pay-rairi kardan, To follow.
f s, pirah, Bald. Virgin honey. Sugar. A successor.
rej & pirah-san, An old woman, a decrepit grandmother.
P J pirahan (or *-*.* p7rahand), A shirt, a shift, a tunic.
P r piri, Old age, decrepitude.
rj pixar, A pedlar, a hawker. Name of a disease.
Pej pizan (or r pizanah), A sieve.
rejj pxidan, To sprinkle, to scatter.
r): pjr, A bridle. Winter.
P L pes (or - pest), Leprous. Ps, The leprosy. A
dwarf palm-tree, of the twigs or fibres of which they make ropes.
White. Wile, ignoble.
Fy- Ls, pay-sipr, Trampled, kicked. A traveller.
PJ:" G. pay-sipur, Trampled, kicked. Travelling.
Peyer- Us, pay sipurdan, To trample.
P e- pistn, The past, those who are gone.
P isk?, Youth.
P
J.-: psagi,
J- p. The leprosy.
P J% ci- pisang kardan, To doze.
P J-: pesudan, To incline. To desire.
r & t paysah, A small weight, twenty-four to a pound, used
only for weighing copper-money. A copper-coin. Money.
Pisah, Pye-bald, dappled.
344
rus-p?s?, The leprosy. -
P C- psh, Before, (in point of time, place, and degree).
In front. Forward. Further, beyond. An example, model, ex
emplar, corphaeus, chief, superior, commander, leader. (in
-
gram.) The vowel point u. A palm-branch. A dwarf palm
tree. Intelligent, wise. e j" L psh as n, Before that.
437 j) L: psh as nkeh, Before that which, previous to
which, sooner than. e. j U pesh az in, Before this. U
cy&c" psh amadan, To come before, to meet, to oppose. To
occur, happen. e U psh awardan, To bring, produce
before. J U psh-p shudan, To be in advance; to
go forward, proceed, c, U*, psh raftan, To go before, to
advance, precede. y U. ~~~ asp-i pesh-raw, A horse out
tan, To learn, to teach. To precede, to excel in doing or learn
ing any thing. To exhibit, stretch out. To propose any thing
to one's self. U-2 L: psh o pas, Before and after. (They
generally say Ut 2 U" pas o pesh).
P : pshb, Urine. -
P J. pash-a-pash, Equal, parallel. Equally, before.
P --~~~ pasha-dast, Ready money, cash paid down.
P e- psh-dank, The vanguard, the forlorn hope.
One that walks before his master (as a running footman, mace
bearer, or halberdier). A chief (of religion, law, the army,
&c.), a priest, a judge, a general.
P *** pshdah, A kind of sweetmeat.
r_<! pshr, Urine (particularly of a sick person, which is
shown to a physician). See also -*. pshb,
pe) U pesh-uftd, A volunteer, the forlorn hope.
P ey- pshrn, The prescriptions of physicians.
P c U: psh-imam, A high priest.
r xt U psh-mad, Advance, coming into the presence;
elevation, advancement. Access, admittance.
P J pshn, The best side of cloth, the best end which is
shown to a buyer. (pl. of U.: psh) Those before.
pjes' U psh-andaz, A present or offering made at the feet
of a superior. A necklace. A napkin, a doily.
* G pshn, The front, forehead, brow. The ring"
hanging over the forehead. Sauciness. Strength. Hardnes:
Desire. Opposite. Fortune.
P \ 3'- pshn-band, A fillet or wreath for the hair.
pje * pshn-dr, Expert, successful.
P e G- pshn kardan, To be forward, or saucy.
p sc S *: pshn-kushdah, Open, candid, ingenuous.
P < *; pesh-awang (or <&s pash-hang), A ge
 c 345

neral, a colonel (as being the chief of an army or a regiment). rpsh-raw, A general, chief, leader. A guide, a fore
The leader of the flock. The vanguard. The forlorn hope. runner, an escort. The advanced guard, the van, the forlorn
*A*: psh-br (or 9-3 psh-brah), A midwife. hope. A preface, preamble, exordium. A prelude or sym
rj U.2 psh-bz, Meeting in opposition. A kind of gar phony in music. Vs 2Kl 2, t The wild ass.
ment. ex~. psh-bz amadan, To run to and fro. r & J pash-shkh, A kind of female garment.
r & L pash-band, The belt that passes over a horse's P Ja psh-tak, A portico, a hall, an antichamber, a lobby.
breast, to prevent the saddle from slipping back. P & is U psh-kubzah, A sort of dagger worn in the sash.
rse. L; pash-bandi, Foresight, timely preparation. Pre Pusc Lpsh-kadami, Alacrity, alertness. Activity.
mises, preface. t: psh-kr, A magistrate. A collector of duties in a
re J psh-bin, Foreseeing. Provident, wise, prudent. town. A deputy or head man. The principal part of anything,
Puz. L; pash-bini, Prudence, foresight. the front. The chief place or seat. The first moment. A do
P *: psh-pa, A wardrobe. mestic, an assistant. A steward. A disciple. A tribe. An
p *** pshpdah (**** pshprchah, or :: psha eunuch. A chest.
rah), A cake made of flour, honey, and oil or butter. **** pesh-krah, A midwife. A matron. A lady supe
t: psh-pr, Sweetmeats presented to a guest. A wo rior. Tapestry or carpets, with which they decorate the best
man bringing forth an abortion. apartments or principal seats. A slave.
P J% J psh-p-7, Precedency. P9& psh-kri, Deputyship.
**- pshtr, He, such a one, a certain person, somebody, ru--, pesh-kash, What is first drawn. First fruits of an
any one, Mr. Such-a-thing. appointment. A magnificent present, such as is only presented
P <<! peshtahtah, A port-folio, a writing-desk. to princes, great men, superiors, or sometimes to equals (parti
PA+, pshtar, Prior. Formerly, heretofore, more forward. cularly on receiving a great appointment). Tribute, quit-rent.
Greater, superior, more excellent, preferable. See 2- bashtar. * U"; J- peshkash-nawis, A registrer of presents.
r &\k pesh-khanah, Tents of state sent in advance when P *:::::: pesh-khah, The front part of the eye-brow. The
travelling. Camp-equipage. fore-part, bow, or pommel of the saddle.
P s-r: pesh-khurd, An early breakfast. Parched corn or P c- (~ ghalat) peshgn, Imprudent; also, un

grain of different kinds, toasted, and rubbed between the hands. grateful people.
(It is eaten before meals, and often carried by people when tra P *~. pesh-gh (or <- pesh-gah), The front. A vesti
welling.) A taster. Corn sold in the ear. Money paid down. bule, a portico. An area, a court. The principal seat for the
*** Lr: psh-khaymah, A public audience-tent. A sort most noble of the company. A kind of high altar in a mosque.
of dagger. - Tapestry. A king. J3-3 *~. The resurrection. *-je
**** psh-dd, A law-giver. An officer of high rank. *- dar psh-gh-i sipah, In the front of the army.
Bullion. Earnest-money. *K- pesh-gar, An artificer. An assistant. A servant.
P Ja Pshdadiyn, The Pshddians, or first dynasty PJ J- pesh giritan, To choose.
2 - - --

of the kings of Persia. See, s at jam. P >. pesh-g, An interpreter. One who presents petitions.
rje Lr, pesh-dr, A large iron javelin for killing hogs. In India the term Je Jr., mir-i tarz is generally used.
*jr pesh-dar, A frontispiece.
P <! psh-gah, The frontispiece. See *~. pesh-gah.
P J- pshgahi, Breakfast.
* ~~~~ pesh-dast, Before the hands, i.e. before the eyes;
whatever is clear and evident, as a straight road, or any person P J- peshgi, Advance of money.
who immediately goes before another. Surpassing, excelling. PJ.-: pesh-gir, Choosing. A towel, a table-napkin.
An assistant. Any one to whom the right of precedency is P e- peshman (for ex-. pashiman), Penitent.
**t sh- 2.
ceded. Earnest-money. Pej psh-muzd, Handsel, the first money which a mer - -

* G -- U psh-dasti, An outstripping, surpassing. Pre chant receives in a morning. Workmen's wages. Good luck.
eminence, precedency, pre-excellence. Aggression. U P ...: t peshan (or x -: pes hand), The fibrous substance of

J J-e To excel, to surpass. e; J-9 U. He per
formed it soon, he quickly accomplished it, he made great haste.
p J*- psh-dil, Deliberation.
***U psh-did, In view.
palm-tree, from which ropes are made.
*A* pshnr, He, somebody, Mr. Such-a-thing.
Pr-r pishanjir, Name of a tree of which bows are made.
Pe J pesh-nishin, Afriend, a companion. A midwife.
2 -

* J J pesh-din, A spiritual guide.

P J.-, peshangi, The former age, ancient times.
* U-9 U-pesh-ras, First-fruits. Provident. r_j\ Ur pesh-namz, A priest, presiding at prayer.
P S-juj psh-raft, Impressive, forcible, effectual. r e\-- pesh-nihad, What is placed before. Custom, mode,
2 Y
 346 <-

P Je:-~3 peshinahgn (or J. peshiniyn), Forefa

manner, use, form. Rule, regulation, law, profession. Inten
tion, design. J * L To habituate one's self, to follow thers, predecessors. The ancients,
P *A*: paygharah (or J payghr), Slander. Railing,
any regulation, or propose to one's self a model for imitation.
P peshwa, An exemplar, a model. A guide, a leader; abuse, opprobrious language. Pusillanimity. War. Opinion.
the head of a party; the chief of a religious sect, the general of P &r; payghalah, A goblet of wine.
an army. The first executive officer among the Mahrattahs. A P *** paygham, Fame, rumour, report. News, advice. An
sort of woman's garment. Jy';*: To go to meet (out of embassy, a mission. J -U3,c tars-i paygham kardan,
respect).c-: To be a model, a chief. Jas." ** To deliver credentials, to explain the cause of an embassy.
Ja- pshtra-i muhafizan-i hisar, The commander of a fort. J--: paygham-a-payghami, Mutual messages, me.
P

r_\;<! pshwar, A garment open before. diation, correspondence.

P}\;<! peshwaz, A woman's gown.
P J- pshw-7, The office of high priest. Guidance.
P J- payshdan, To have an inclination for.
p. 5): pshawri, A kind of slipper made in Peshawr. A
kind of rice.
r & pshh, Art, skill. Trade, profession. Custom, habit,
practice. A shepherd's pipe. A rope made from the fibres of
the palm-tree. & *- .*- sipah-i jihad-pshah, Soldiers
inured to war, hardy veterans. 4:3 3|A2 sadakat-pashah,
Sincere, professing veracity. &r; c--c matrifat-pashah,
Studying virtue or science. <r ck nakhwat-pashah, Be
having proudly. &r; ** ham-pshah, Of the same trade, pro
fession, or rank. L &: psha-i tish, Diabolical deeds. 4-3
pashah kardan, To choose, elect, prefer.
pest- & pashah-shgird, Servants, household.
rj & pshah-gar (or A *. pashah-gar), An artificer.
*** 1 &shah-gh, A work-shop, a laboratory.
P r. at: pshah-murgh, A bird that feeds on carrion.
r), & peshah-war (or 93 & Peshah-war), An artisan.
P J-pshi, The chief seat, precedency, superior rank. r.
* -: paygham-bar, A messenger. A prophet, an apostle.
An ambassador, an envoy, a legate. The Muhammadans in
general acknowledge 313 prophets of the first class, who are
distinguished by the appellation of Jr- mursal, Apostle. The
whole number of prophets, however, of all denominations, are
made by some to amount to 220,000; by others, to 1,424,000;
but the more moderate, upon the relation of Muhammad himself,
fix them at 124,000.
f s-c paygham-bari, The office of a prophet. Prophecy,
*M*** paygham-guzr, A messenger.
P's c- paygham-guzr, The delivery of a message.
P e payghan, Promise, agreement. Wain, absurd.
p *** payghulah. See & payghulah.
P J. payghalsh, The root of a flower. A sort of lily.
P t paygham (for : paygham), A message. Report.
P_*** paygham-bar (for2-c paygham-bar), A prophet.
P r payghambarah, A prophetess.
Pej payghan, Rue.
P Paygh, The country of Pegu. Pighi, A species of
falcon. A bird's beak.

cpeshi giritan, To precede, to excel, to surpass.
P~~~~ psh-yab, Foresightful, provident.
rj, pshyar, A glass urinal, in which the physicians exa
nine the water of their patients. Urine. Tapestry. Unre
munerated labour. A servant. A disciple.
P ** psh-yrah (or J- pesh-yr), A midwife. A house. A narrow street, a bye-path. A city. A monastery.
basket of flowers. A kind of sweetmeat.
P Jr. peshyn, O peshyr or t: peshya), Tapestry
adorning the principal bed-chamber, &c.
P c-p?shin, Anterior, ancient, antique, prior, former. An
ticipated, per advance. The morning, forenoon. Mid-day prayer.
Hawking and spitting, belching. e Jr pshin kardan,
To anticipate, pre-occupy, to give per advance. Je:-
pashin guftan, To predict, to prognosticate. Je: er2 bar
dyin-i pshn, According to custom. c-: * A bar waja-i
pshn, By anticipation, in advance, paid down.
P <e:- pshin-gah, Mid-day prayer.
P &r; pshinah, Prior, antecedent. A predecessor. Mo
ney paid in advance for goods.
r_jr payghur, A vessel with a narrow neck.
P L payghulash, A kind of lily. The mouth. The
ear. An ants nest.
P *** payghalah, A corner, an angle. The back part of
the inside of a circular chimney. The middle. The side of a
c- *: payghula-i dahan, The corner of the mouth.
Pey payghan, A condition, a covenant, an agreement.
P r payghawi, The Turkish language and character.
Pejer J pay fashurdan, To be firm.
P *::ph, Rotten wood, touchwood.
* - payk, A footman, a lacquey. A running footman.
A carrier, a messenger. A guard. A watchman. A parasite.
J- ~& payk-i ajal, The angel of death, fate, destiny.
Jy *: payk-i rygn, The moon. A merchant. A tra.
veller. The zephyr. J.33 ,c payk-i falak, The moon.
rj, paykr (or J paygar), Battle, combat, war, ell
gagement. Dispute, contest. An army. Studious, contesting,
striving. A pedlar. Jy, paykr kardan, To fight.
 J 347 -
p: paykr-gar (orA.J paygr-gar), A soldier.
p! J pil-bl, Of a stature equal to an elephant. Lofty.
rej paykn, The point of a spear or an arrow. An ar Bulky. A heap of corn.
row, javelin, spear, dart. 233 syl- 20%. paykn-i khrah P e! pil-bn, An elephant-driver, or keeper.
guzr; A marble-piercing spear. es ze, paykn-i kamn, P jl pil-bni, The charge or care of elephants.
The sun. The stars. *Wi- *: paykn-i mikrzah, A p : pipi, The elephantiasis. A large cup handed round
double-headed halbert.
after dinner. A weapon used by the Moors. A beam.
P U.S J%. paykn-kash, An instrument forextracting arrows. P *: pil-pyah, A pillar, a prop.

P **** payknah-sum, Any thing pointed like a spear. P J*. pil-tan, Elephant-bodied. Large, bulky. A horse.
The claw or talon of a bird. Name of Rustam (the Persian Hercules).
rj P4/**, A kind of ruby, a turquoise. Sal-ammoniac. Je: pil-damn (or evl), A large furious elephant.
P

paykar, The face, ountenance, form, figure, image. PJ 25 Jr. pil-cor, Strong, powerful, as an elephant.
A portrait, a likeness. <!-- .# pakar-i malakut, The face, *~!: pilastah, Ivory. Goat's leather perfumed. The
P

the heavenly effigy, or intelligence. X- r pari-paykar, cheek. The face. The arm. The finger.
Angel-faced, lovely. A-, s-j Kabarjadi-paykar, Azure, -: Pilsam, Name of a hero killed by Rustam. Pilsum,
P

of a cerulean appearance. Us ey paykarn-i dirakhsh, Massive silver. A dark night.

The stars. Disembodied spirits. Gus, W paykarn-i mn,
An intermediate world, the world of spirits. A- sl mah-pay
kar, Moon-faced, beautiful as the moon.
* ~~~AK4 paykur-parast, An idolater.
P J%. pay kardan, To hough, to hamstring.
r & Je: pay kardan umd, To despair.
re- pykaristn, The land of fairies, an ideal world.
** *
P2%. Pykar-gr, A painter, a limner.
P C- pilghash, Flowers, of different colours, with jagged
leaves; particularly the iris, or elephant's ears. A large shovel
for removing ashes or rubbish.
P J p?lkan, Fat, gross, thick.
P <<!- p?lak, The iron point of an arrow.
P Lr p?l-kash, A kind of weapon.
P J- pil-gosh, The variegated iris. See U*.
P <<!- p?l-goshak,(dim. of J- p?l-gosh q.v.) Sorrel.

**** * Je Jr. pil-mal, Trampling under foot.

PKPkr-g, A drinking-vessel in the form of an ox.
paykar-gadah, An idol-temple. p r. Jr. pil-murgh, A turkey.
*c. Paykan or pikan, A sieve. A pick-axe or mattock.
p*: plu, A kind of wood with which the teeth are rubbed;
p ** Pikand, The city of Samarkand.
also the fruit, called in Arabic <\\ ark.
"e Pykandan, To join. To collect. To draw out. *\}: pilaw, An apothecary, a druggist.
P2%. p?!-war, An elephant-load, a large quantity.
Paykur, Without character. Blind.
pJ*: Paykidan (or Le baykdan), To run (as water : p?lawar, Ahawker, a pedlar, a huckster. A druggist.
from the mouth). To sprinkle slightly, to scatter here and p c- p?lan, A species of silk, armosine.
there. To take or hold any thing in the mouth. To serve, give P & p?lah, A merchandise of an inferior kind, or small wares,
*ance. To become soft or moist. Pikidan, To cover hawked about by pedlars. A silk-worm, the silk-worm's cone,
"silver, to silver over. Pikidan (or e bikidan), To or envelope. A purse. A certain medicinal plant. A button, a
eat parched corn. To soften, to dilute. knot. A blotch rising in the midst of a pestilential swelling. The
P Jj paygr-parastn, Seeking war; warriors. Pus of a sore. An open champaign lying between two rivers.
2
The eye-lid. The hairs of the eye-lid. A double-headed arrow.
** Pigi. The kingdom of Pegu.
2 Seed. A root. * The expanse of the firmament.
- 93
*): Pay-gur, The foot or tail of an ass.
P J- pil (or J-3 fil), (s tfit') An elephant. The heel. J * @* * pilah-bini (or J & pila-i bini), The nostrils.
P Js Jr. pil-haw-i, (An aerial elephant) A cloud.
U.S. pil-ib -kash, A water-carrying elephant. (met.) A cloud. P2. * p?lah-war, A hawker, a pedlar, a huckster.
9," J. pil-i amrd, A species of pear. \;= ye G- }: -
* * payam (for *: paym), A message. Rumour, fame.
Piki mutallak dar hatc, An elephant suspended in the air. P V paym, Measuring. A measurer, a weigher. * Js
(met.) A cloud.
p s piladah, Money given above the hire, drink-money. sakhun-payma, A measurer of words, an orator. * --~~}~
p Pilarm, Name of a certain fortress. malamat-paym, Opprobrious. * ** 2jy rah-raw-i badi
p J plas (or *** pilastah), Ivory. gah-paym, A measurer of the ways of the desert, a traveller.
P c paymn, Measuring. A promise, agreement, com
P J Jr. pil-agan, Oversetting an elephant. Sturdy.
pact, convention, treaty, stipulation, pledge, security, confirma
*::: Pilaw, (equivalent to * pilaw) Boiled rice and meat. tion. Asseveration, oath. Kindred. J *\ abad-paymn,
2 Y 2
 _3: 348 *
Eternal. Je: 2 Age tahd o paymn, Capitulations, alliances, P e-j paywast (or J-: paywastagi), Conjunction, co
treaties, peace. c- e. paymn bastan, To form an alliance, herence. Arrival, meeting, union. Friendship. Continual.
to make peace. c e; payman-shikan, A violater of a P c-: pay wastagn, Animals. Vegetables. Minerals.
treaty, a breaker of faith. J. paymn-shikani, A P c-r paywastan, To join, fasten, tie, bind, connect, attach.
breach of faith. To cause to meet, arrive, or adhere. To adapt one thing to
&\t paymnah, A cup, a goblet, a bowl. A measure another. To graft a tree. To be wrapped up or covered. To
P

either for dry or wet goods. At 2 U') *:: paymna-i ash hope. To break. To soothe, to caress, c-ex, s c-a-2
pur shud, His measure is full, his days are numbered.
P ** paymnah-gah, A place of cups, a cupboard.
r L &\t paymnah-nsh, A drinker.
**** paymy, Measuring. A measurer.
PL; paymyish, Measure, measurement.
pr payam-bar (for yk paygham-bar), An apostle.
reje; t paymdan, To measure. Measuring.
P 39 paymdah, Measured. Dimensions. A draught of
wine. A trifle. An iniquitous thing. Any thing estimated be
yondits size or worth. ex: sex~ To be measured or estimated.
P r pindu, See & t bimand.
r_< paynir (for J panr), Cheese.
p_j992: paynar-doz, A patcher, a botcher, an interpolator.
PJ- p?nag, Slumber.
** pinu, (paynu, or 3- pinuk), New cheese, cream
cheese. Butter-milk. Any thing eaten with bread.
*\;<! pinuwa (or \;<! pinuw), Frumenty.
P & pinah, A piece, a clout, a patch (of cloth). The arm
pit. The match of a lamp, wick of a candle, a gunner's lint
To be joined to the mercy of God (i. e. to die).
*** paywastah, Joined. Contiguous, adjacent, touching,
sticking close. Continually, without interruption, one following
another. Unable to speak for weeping. J& ** To be
joined, connected. To arrive, to meet. L ** *::: pay
wasta-i ikhtitam budan, To be brought to a conclusion.
P_2 3-x paywastah-abru, One whose eye-brows meet.
P .554-j paywastah-gari, Union, concord.
* J-: puysdan (or ejr puyushidan), To submit,
to be resigned. To hope, to expect. To prick, or pierce. To
weep. Puys?dan, To have a prickling sensation (from a sore).
To milk. To consider, to form an opinion.
P L: payash, Greedy, covetous, impatient. Expecting.
Listening to another's discourse, playing the eaves-dropper.
P J-: puyushidan, To become long, to be extended. To
hasten, to run. To reckon. See also Jr-r puysidan.
P --, p?wak, paywak, or puyk, A bride. Twins.
P e- paywakan, A bridegroom. A bride. Nuptials,
P 3%: paywakani, Nuptials.
-

stock, or any thing in that form. ejej & To mend clothes. P r paywand, Bound, fastened; touching, reaching, tend
rj99 & pinah-dos, A mender of old clothes, a botcher. ing towards, belonging to. A chain, fetter, manacle, shackle.
Pr paymir, (properly J panir) Cheese. The tendons, ligament or joint of the human body. Connection,
p : pay, The tape-worm. Piyi. (or t: piyk), A bride. conjunction (and in general whatever joins things together).
A bride-maid, the woman who leads the bride to bed; also a bride Kindred, relations, allies. --e A paywand-i dast, The
dresser. An aunt by the mother's side. The wife of an elder wrist. e.9% r paywand kardan, To join. To engraft. A.)
brother. A god-mother. Twins. An unburnt brick. r abad-payisand, Joined to eternity, eternal, everlasting.
P c- pitcaridan or paywarzdan, To answer. To accept. *::: J-f sumn-paywand, Heavenly, tending heaven-ward.
rj}: pitcas, Receiving, taking well. An answer. A bat. e- r J-f To be exalted to heaven.
rej}: p?wazzdan or paywazdan, To be pleased, con - r paywand-kri, Patching. A patch. A graft.
P

tented, to take in good part. To grant, permit, to give leave. Pejr pay-candan, To join, fasten, tie, bind, connect.
P <!: pitcastah, A town. A fortress. A bastion. P .5.x: paywand, Engrafted.
P e': paywan, A thousand. P r paywah, p7-cah, payuh or puyh, A moth.
P_j}: payur, Ten thousand. P & pli, Fat, grease, tallow. Pride, arrogance.
P Jey: paywar dashtan, To bear, support, or carry off. P r pihzadah, A species of herb.
r_j} paylis, Receiving, or taking well. Pj;-& pih-soz, A kind of lanp, in the shape of a platte.
p s payisah, Great, large. A shirt-sleeve. A patch of three feet in height from the base, and about six inches diameter
cloth under the arm-pit. at the top; having in the middle a small tube with two hole"
P j : payjah or paywajah, Magnanimity. through which the wick is fed by the oil or grease, kept in a
PU: puyus or payus, Suspicion, notion. Humility, sub
state of constant liquefaction by the flame. A travelling case for
mission. Listening, hearkening clandestinely to what another a candle, which, by the inversion of the top, serves also the P"
says. Hope, expectation. A bribe. Piyus, Avarice. pose of a candlestick.
P Jr. paywasan, Hope. r x & pih-kvand, An oily extract from a certain nut.
P J- paysndan, To humble. To give hope. P ~~<: pinkist, A small crow. Bitterish. Nux wom"
 -9 349 -9
p * L payham, Quickly, successively. Thick. A waving, bending, twisting, contortion, intertwining. A curl
P Je: payhdan, (equiv. to J bayhdan) To singe.
ing lock, a waving ringlet, A burning fever. Pain, torment.
f : 9); t pihwardah, (in anc. Pers.) A messenger, a herald. Affliction. Grief. Rage, fury. Anger, indignation, wrath.
Mixture, confusion. Mankind. Height, altitude. Enduring,
-- brooking. Polishing, giving a lustre, furbishing, brightening.
Sharpening, pointing, giving an edge. (in comp.) Shining, ir
radiating. Kindling, burning. Twisting, folding. As far as.
t ta or t, Is the third letter of the Arabic and Persian alpha er tab man, As far as me. e-le <-U tab ddan, To
bets, and denotes 400 in arithmetic. In Arabic, when prefixed, twist (many ropes into one). To inflame. To sharpen. ,--T
-U C- ftb-i tlam-tb, The sun illuminating the globe.
it expresses swearing, the Muhammadans frequently invoking
heaven in the following solemn manner; al al 4!. By ~\ J- 2: shimshir-i jihn-tab, A cimeter dazzling
the world.
God! by God! and then by God! In Persian cit (pronounced
with a short vowel before it) when found at the end of a noun ply tab, A frying-pan. A skillet. (in anc. Pers.) Gold.
A Jb tbk, A walking-stick.
stands for ; t, thou (or the genitive case of thee") as,
--- aspat for ; .-- asp-i t, Thy horse, and affixed to a r cl tbk, The pith or heart of a tree.
P J tabn, Light, luminous, resplendent, radiant, dazzling,
verb it represents the oblique case of that pronoun, namely, y
brilliant, bright, shining, glittering, illuminating, splendid. A
tor, as *** mi gyadat, for), *:::: m? goyad tora, He
tells thee. It is also sometimes redundant at the end of a word.
gleam, a flash. The pith of a tree. ej's , alo mah-i tbn,
Words which in Arabic terminated in 3, in Persian are most com The bright moon, eye; Jli tbn budan, To be luminous.
P ex tabandan, To cause to shine.
monly written with c, as for &as himmat, they write -->.
(t ta, is commutable with J da. Pl tbn, Splendour, light.
rej tbanidan, To cause to twist.
:*
AU t, Name of the third letter of the alphabet. (The fe A ~" ta-abbub, (v of ~) abba) Labouring under a hoarse
minine demonstrative article of 3 z) That (woman).
* ness. Being astonished, struck with admiration.
PW ta. A fold, a plait or ply (of a garment). Multiplicity.
$ A tabat (from -5), Repenting, turning from sin to
Number. A sheet of paper. Also. Only. Like, resembling.
God. Returning, becoming gracious (God). Repentance.
A load. A half-load. The form or cut of a garment. (for 99 A. s ta-about, (v of c-") Glowing (as embers).
tr) A warp. The summit. &c- * ta-7.jmah, The fold
of a robe, G < yak ta, Simple or single. U do t, Dou P &l=<\; tb-khnah, A hot-house. A winter-habitation. A
warm bath. A summer-house. Summer-quarters for soldiers.
ble. Two-fold. U 3-, seh ta, Triple. Three-fold. A s ta-abbud, (v of x.") Being wild, untameable. Fleeing,
r; t, (a causal participle, denoting the end, as , dazcam,
scudding away from fear. Shunning society. Being deserted
does a continuation, of action), To, until, so far, as far as, so that,
by its inhabitants (a place) and haunted by wild beasts. Being
as long as, even to (that time, that place, that object), to the end
marked with freckles, tanned, sun-burnt.
that, in such a manner that, in order that. Beware Behold !
r Je'e -5 tab ddan, To inflame. To polish. To sharpen,
Since. Unless, In, among. ** V G ** amadam t tora
to give an edge. To twist. To spin.
Winam, I am come in order to see thee. & G **) raftam t
r sea"; tb-ddah, Inflaming. Inflamed. Twisted. Spun.
ba Makkah, I went as far as Mecca. U- e G ta n j, Thi rj'A'. tab-dr, Warm, hot, ardent, fervent, burning. Shin
therto, so far. U- c \; t in j, Hitherto, thus far. --> *
ing, luminous, bright, relucent, brilliant. Waving, curling.
asis, While life remains. (s u t wa kuja, How far? Twisted. 'A'; ,-7 Warm water. J'A' ' Warm words.
J. 5 t ba ki, How long how much till what time to
|J&t ...t-: * > /* Agawhar-i tab-dr o naa-i mushk-e
what length then? j A.- t chand br, How often ? how ttr, Brilliant jewels, and bags of the musk of Tartary.
many times? J- t chunin, Hitherto, thus far. C-U re's tab-dn, A stove in a bath. A forge. A chimney.
t hal, Yet, hitherto. & t keh, Until, so that, so long. J
A lattice, a loop-hole, a window. A sky-light. A globe, an orb.
t ki, How long : \; t ham, Yet, nevertheless. j t P *** tab-deh, Giving splendour. A rope-maker. A spinner.
hanis, Yet, still, hitherto. A 2 G ta-abbur, (w of 2") Being impregnated (the female
r &W t-u, Amilch-cow. -

palm-tree with the flowers of the male). Ingrafting a palm

* ~\, tiba (for *; taxaba), (fut. -->4 yatabu), He tree in the aforesaid manner. Manuring, fattening by compost.
repented.
!: ,- -
---
a v ta-abbus, (v of J") Being changed, troubled, dis
- *s , Strength, power, ability. Heat, warmth, burn quieted. Being despised. Sinking into contempt.
"3 inflaming, illuminating. Light, splendour, lustre, radiance. r-\, tib-sar, An elevated window.
 -9 350 -\;

P J- tabistn, The summer. Hot weather. r %u tbk (or &\, tibig), Aninhabited place. A bal.
P ju- tbistani, Summer-like. A summer or country cony. A building erected from pious motives, a bede-house.
A J tabul (properly J}-\ tambul), The betel-leaf.
house. The delightfulness of the summer season.
f 4-5 tabasah, A meadow. A field watered and planted. r &\; tbah, A frying-pan. A skillet. A brick. A tile.
P Ju tbish, Splendour, brilliancy. Heat. Power, strength. J) *\; tba-i zar, The sun. J. *\; tba-i mhi, A fish
Grief, sorrow. Contortion, inflection. Declivity. A span. which is first boiled, and afterwards fried in oil.
re- tabishn (or e- tbishtn), A kind of cotton A s ta-abbuh, (v of &\) Thinking highly of one's self. Being
mantle, which is wreathed round the head, and flows over the proud, haughty, disdainful. Stubbornness, insolence, disobedience,
shoulders, worn by dervishes, and such kind of persons. P &\; tbah-buryn, Meat fried in a pan.
A Li ta-abbuz, Binding the fore-foot of a camel with a Pe tabi, Splendour, brightness. Light. A gleam.
rope (the knee being bent) to the shoulder or thigh. Being so A J ta-abbi, (v of:\) Calling one father. Considering
bound. Being contracted (the tendons) by such ligature. in the character of a father, regarding as a father.
Ala t-abbut, (v of all) Putting, or carrying (any thing) A J ta-abbi, (v of J.') Refusing, denying, resisting.
under the arm. Letting (a mantle or upper west) fall from under A -** ta-bib, (11 of <- abba) Shouting (when charging

the right arm, and throwing it over the left shoulder. an enemy). A noise, a shout, a cry.
p c-3\e -u tb-tkat, Power, ability. A &\; ta-biyat, (II of x.") Calling one father.
A V a"; ta-abbata sharran, (He carried destruction under A t ta-bis, (ii of ~) Calling by reproachful names.
his arm) Surname of Thbit bin Jabir, who continually carried A ** ta-bid, (11 of l) Making eternal, giving an endles

under his arm a bow, a quiver, and a sword, instruments of mis
fortune. A brave, fearless man.
A J** ta-abbatiy, Belonging to, resembling, or descended To burn. To make hot. To turn round, to revolve. To be
from, Ta-abbata sharran. Intrepid. Formidable.
A t tbia, (part.) Following. A follower, dependent, sub
ject. One who carefully searches after any thing. A familiar
spirit that attends a man wherever he goes. rist, 85 The
bull's eye, a star called also eye" Ad"dabaran. P J* s
To obey, to be subjected. J s" To subject.
A 3x39 tibiaat, (fem. of 8-9) A follower. A familiar spirit.
A cl tbitin (pl. ofs" tbit) Followers. (A title given
to those personages and doctors of the Muhammadan religion,
who succeeded the Sahaba, or companions of Muhammad).
A c ta-abbuk, (v of J.) Being hidden, concealed. Ab
sconding, lurking in secret. Denying, disavowing. Abstaining.
pA Lu tbal, tibil, or tabul, Herbs or spiceries with which
they season meat whilst dressing.
A J ta-abbul, (v of J) Feeding on fresh grass, (a camel,
duration. Frightening away, rendering averse from society.
re-', tbidan, To twist, to spin. To shine, glitter, dazzle.
-
powerful, strong, or equal to any burthen. To run (as a girl).
To milk. To eat. To avert the face. To be sad. To excuse.
f sutibidah, One who prepares threads for weaving.
AJ ta-bir, (11 ofy") Impregnating, manuring a palm-tree.
Av"; ta-bis, (ii of U-1) Despising, debasing, degrading.
A L** ta-bish, (11 of L") Listening to an unconnected, ul
methodical discourse. Collecting, assembling. Mixing.
Alat ta-bit, (11 of all) Humbling, abasing (as God).
a J's ta-bil, (ii of J) Buying, procuring camels. Being
rich in camels. Making fat. Mourning (for the dead).
A er ta-bin, (11 of J.') Reproaching, reviling to one's
face. Disparaging, discommending. Watching narrowly. Fol
lowing the steps of another. Speaking in praise of the dead.
Drawing blood from an animal and preparing it for food.
P c tabin, A follower, a dependant.

or other beast of the field) and thereby needing no water. Pur reu tbnn, An inferior office.
chasing, acquiring camels. Bewailing (as Adam the death of ru, s cu tbin-bshi, A military officer of high rank.
his son Abel). Abstaining from conjugal intercourse (during A&\; ta-bih, (11 of &W) Reminding (of a thing forgotten).
the days of mourning). Leading a single life. Exciting one's attention. Causing to know, informing. Ho

p cl, tb-nk, Bright, shining, resplendent, radiant, glit nouring, revering, magnifying.
tering, brilliant, luminous, illuminating, fiery, burning. Pas r t tipk, Friendship, affection. The anguish of love.
sionate, choleric. Mixed, intricate. Solicitude of friendship. Distress, disquietude, restlessness.
A <-29 tabut, A coffin, a bier. A wooden box. The ark of r J tipl (and cl tbk), The pith of a tree. Tipil.
the covenant, which the Muhammadans say was presented by God Stature, form, shape. A wing. Cow-dung.
to Adam, and transmitted through a race of patriarchs to Moses; P V tipi, An earthen vessel for baking bread.
P &G tpah, Cow-dung.
the portraits of all the prophets which were to appear till the end
of time being, according to their belief, therein preserved. **u tt, An arrow without a point, used when shooting "
P #29 tbgh, An excuse, an apology, a confession. exercise or improvement. Sackcloth. Name of an Arabian
 <2\,
tribe. (for y ta tora or y & G t keh tor), Until (I see)
thee, till (I give) to thee. Thine. Tatband, Coarse cloth.
A G tit, (An African word) The chameleon. -
Als ta-t-a, One who stammers, faulters, or pronounces with
difficulty the letter c- ta.
A s ta-ta-at. The vicious pronunciation of the letter e.
The tottering gait of an infant. A stately warlike appearance.
A word used in calling to a he-goat.
ej's titr, A Tartar, a Scythian. J cr-s 259 The
Tartars hunting or plundering the enemy. Jy c ..yu Scy
thians asswitas the wind. A w.x. 299 Robbers, banditti, Tar
351
**
a well. Becoming great, eminent, glorious. Carrying one's
self with dignity. Esteeming, considering as noble.
A : ta-assum, (v of ') Abstaining from, repenting of, sin.
A j ta-siyat (for ta-tiyat), Intercepting water.
A ~5 ta-sis, (11 of -' assa) Trampling upon. Subduing.
Azt ta-s?r, (II of ) Making an impression, leaving a mark.
Penetrating, passing through. Affecting, influencing. Disci
pline. 2's ex; 2.x tadbir-i zid ta-sir, Persuasive counsel.
A <! ta-srat, (pl. of, ta-sir) Impressions. The pe
netrating influences of the stars.
A i ta-si, (11 of -') Placing (a pot) on (its) trivet.

tar plunderers. Jj & JGG Uncivilized, rude, savage. 299 a J ta-sil (for J-9 ta-sil), (ii of J) Being firmly
g! A Tartars of wretched principles. rooted, from an excellent origin or stock, of a noble family. Con
Tjjut Ttr-bzr, Name of a town in Thrace. sidering, receiving as such. Ennobling. Strengthening. Pu
p.999 titri, Scythian, Tartaric. A kind of slashed dou rifying wealth, (i. e. paying a tenth part towards religious uses,
blet open at the sides, usually worn by the Tartars. Fine musk. and thereby rendering the rest more valuable). Amassing
A precious gem. An agreeable friend (male or female). riches. Dressing one's dependants richly. Behaving generously.
%jb titrik, A ring-dove, a wood-pigeon. A * ta-sim, (11 of ) Charging, accusing, convicting of

rw tity, Like, equal. crime. Sin, iniquity, transgression, guilt, moral evil.
A -* ta-attub, (v of C-5') Putting on a kind of short shift, P.A. g taj, A crown, a diadem. A crest. The comb of a
or inner garment without sleeves worn by the women of Arabia. bird. J.A.:- ** tj-i haydar, A tiara of crimson silk, wrought
Putting on a cuirass, Girding on armour. Carrying a bow with gold and richly ornamented with jewels, worn by the kings
across the shoulders. Making ready for battle. Growing hard. of Persia; so called from Haydar, the father of Shh Ismael, by
r is titali, A table-napkin, a table-cloth, a towel. whom it was first adopted. It is of a high conic shape, and di
r;', tt, An insect resembling a beetle bred in baths. vided into twelve segments, in honour of the twelve Imms or
A yu ttrat (or p &;u ttlah), About to give. chiefs of religion, from whom he claimed descent. Some of the
Py;5 titurah, Fetters for horses. principal commanders and great men are permitted to wearbon
P.J.'s tiltill, Strong, offensive breath. Wry-mouthed. nets resembling the royal tiara, which is considered as a mark of
p t ttawnak, Decrepit old man. Union, connexion. very high distinction. L- ** tj-i khuros, A cocks comb.
A & tatah, (an African word) The chameleon. The amaranth. The herb staves-acre. Drop-wort. Pipe-weed.
A& ta-attuk (or & tagattuh), Delirium, insanity, madness. e'o- ** tj-i saadn, The planet Saturn. 552,23 z tj-i
AJ's ta-att, (v of) Being set in order. Being easily firz7, The sky. z taj-i gardun, The sun. J% z
despatched (business). Coming to ask a favour. Occurring, taj-i kayan?, A royal crown. Jz
taj-i gul, A wreath of
happening, befalling. Being kind, friendly, accommodating. flowers. c, s z tj-i makhirat, A crown of glory.
A - ta-tib, (11 of ~") Putting on (another), or order
P L-V tj-bakhsh, Distributing crowns; a maker of kings.
"g (another) to put on, a short shift, or drawers. p Jr-E tj-posh, A cock's comb. The lapwing.
A&G ta-tiyat, (11 of J') Setting in a train. Making an
P ** Tajaj, Name of a place.
opening or outlet (for water), causing to run or spring up.
AF's ta-ir, (ii of;) Bending a bow.
A +: ta-ajjuj, (v of <! aija) Burning. Being inflamed.
A ** ta-tim, (11 of ') Bursting two holes into one. P_\x-U tj-dr, Wearing a crown. A king, a sovereign, a
rt tiltina, A species of kite. monarch, a prince, a crowned head. A jewel-house. 'e)*-
A --> ta-assus, (v of -' assa), Being blessed with the pro
Jl-tjdrn-i khkni, The crowned heads.
"r --u tj-dri, Royal. The royal dignity.
f a plenteous year. Abounding in wealth.
Aft ta-assur, (v ofL') Treading in the steps of Following, A yu tjir, A merchant. A vintner. Clever, artful, expe
wing. Penetration. Impression. Wexation, perturbation. ditious, and adroit in business. &\, , ,-\, & 39 nkat tajir wa
*s ta-assu, (v of -) Remaining still, keeping one's tjirat, A she-camel exposed for sale in the market.
place. Sticking to, following close. Surrounding, encompassing. Pey-G tijirn, (equiv. toev turiamn), An interpreter.
AJ's (4-assul, (v of J) Being firm, fixed, radical, noble. A 3,-\, tajirat, (fem. of-U tjir) Dexterous. J- :*
Taking the best part of any thing. Amassing wealth. Digging 5A-5 huwa sala' akrama tjiratin, He rides a noble horse.
 C
-\; 352 _\;
p <-9 tajak, A little crown. A crest, a bird's comb. The AAt ta-akhkhur, (v of J-1) Being retarded, postponed.
juleb-tree. The kingdom of Persia (so called by the Tartars). Remaining behind. Following, coming late. Going backward.
re-G tjaki, A kind of garment worn at Tabriz. a u-G ta-kh, (v. of:-) Behaving like brothers.
A J-5 ta-aijul, (v of J-') Arriving at an appointed term. AJ ta-akhkh, (v of 3-) Choosing, receiving as a bro.
Reaching the mark. Gaining one's end. Being confined, ther." Behaving as a brother or a friend. Applying diligently.
dammed up (as water). Being divided, or collecting in herds, A -st ta-khiyat, (11 of J not in use) Making a rope, stake,

flocks, and bevies (oxen, sheep, and deer).
A -
ta-ajum, (v of -) Being scorching hot (the day).
Burning, blazing (fire). Being angry against.
F_3-9 tj-war, Wearing a crown, crowned.
P33-5 Tajwah, Name of a city in Africa.
P & G tajah, A cock's comb. A female ornament for the
head. Name of a wealthy woman, daughter of , , 2?
Shafar, who during the famine in the time of Joseph reduced
her jewels to powder, and perished with hunger.
A *** ta-jj, (11 of z' aija) Kindling, setting on fire. Ren
dering (water) salt, brackish, or bitter.
Az-G ta-jir, (II of 2-) Making bricks. (Gen. xi. 3.)
r & K-U tajik, The citizens of a town; also those who are
not. Name of a country. Persia. Any country beyond the
limits of Arabia and Tartary. Arabian children who grow up
in Persia. A little crown. A cock's comb.
A.J-9 ta-jil, (11 of Ja-\) Delaying, protracting, deferring,
putting off. Prescribing a fixed period or term. Curing, ap
peg, or ring for tethering (a horse). Fettering (a horse).
A &G ta-khiz, (11 of 3-) Taking, catching hastily. Re
buking, taking to task for a frolic. Turning (milk) sour. An
amulet or charm, to counteract the influence of a malignant eye.
A 2-9 ta-khir, (11 of-) Delaying, procrastinating, postpon
ing. Remaining behind. Keeping back, hindering. Leaving be
hind. Driving back. Making last. Being last. Fortune, fate, lot,
2-& 2 ** Transposition,
share, part, portion. reversing.
rees, s To delay. 23-5%. Without delay.
p *:::=\ tkhirah, The origin, first condition of anyone. Fate,
destiny. Portion, fortune. ex: c-s e &V takhira-i fulan
hamchun in bud, The destiny of so and so was in such a manner.
A es ta-addub, (v of ~~") Being instructed (in literature
and politeness). Teaching morality. Chastening, correcting.
Instruction, institution, discipline.
A ces ta-addud, (v of 3 adda) Happening, befalling (as evil
to any one). Waxing strong, increasing, prevailing.
A -set ta-ad?, (v1 of:e) Preparing, making suitable arrange.

plying a remedy to, a crick in the neck. Gathering, bringing ments for accomplishing any thing. Assisting one another.
A set ta-addi, (v of 23') Preparing to do any thing. Pro
(water) into one place.
p > ta chand, How many ? by how much : j *> U viding one's self with arms and other necessaries. Arriving at,
t chand bar, How often ? to how many times? obtaining, accomplishing. Being thickened, condensed.
P J- t ha, Hitherto, until the present moment. A -se ta-addz, (w of-se) Paying. Arriving (intelligence).
f A- 9 til had (or 5-A- \; t hadi), So far as. A --- ta-db, (11 of col) Teaching good manners. Cor
| A *- ta-ahhud, (v of A-\) Uniting, becoming one. recting, chastising. Inviting to a feast. Erudition, instruction.
A.-\, tahim, A weaver. Correction, chastisement, amendment. re -* ta-dib
A J-9 tahy, The superintendant of a garden, a gardener.
kardan, To instruct, to render learned, or polite. To chastise.
A. &-w ta-hid, (11 of ~") Making two into one. Adding A ~~~'s ta-dibat, (pl. of s ta-db), Instructions.
one. Declaring to be united. A &et, ta-diyat, (11 of 45) Causing to arrive. Sending,
P t tkh, A veil. Darkness. A tree, fit only for fire-wood. despatching, bringing. Performing a promise. Paying a debt.
A ** tkhkh, One who has no appetite. A i Ta-sif, Name of a town eight leagues from AlePP"
a 3-3 ta-khs, Receipt, acceptation, acceptance. A e.S
ta-azzun, (w of e') Giving certain information.
r -U takht, Spoil, plunder, prey. Assault. Invasion. Making known. Proclaiming, promulgating. Swearing. Being
r c-s-\; tkht taraj, Assault, plunder, depredation. bold in wickedness. Allowing one's self in the practice of sin.
A *S* ta-azz7, (w of *") Being injured, hurt.
reasu tkhtan, To hasten, walk fast, run. To rush upon, A cst ta-zin, (11 of es) Lending an ear.
assault. To pursue, trace, hunt, chase, drive away. To twist, Striking (one)
spin. To bend, render curved or convex. To break out in an upon the ear, rubbing, twisting the ear. Making a handle to a
orbicular tumour upon the body. To contend, dispute, or wager. vessel, or a latchet for a shoe. Publishing (as a crier), Pr"
claiming aloud. Calling to prayers from the balcony of the
To bore. To spread, to diffuse, to pour out, pourin.
minaret. Signifying, intimating, advertising frequently. Lead.
e-s tkhtanz, A canter. A race. A post-horse.
p

rj, c--\, takht o tas, Assault, invasion. Plunder. ing to water, yet not giving to drink. Shooting forth (a plant).
r & G takhtah, Twisted. A slender rope. Obedient to the
Aj ta-r (from j) Flowing (blood that cannot be stopped).
yoke. Put to full speed. Poured out. A cutaneous disorder. Looseness (in the belly). Rebuking, reproving. Retaliation.
 _9 353
pjtr, The top, summit, vertex, pinnacle, ridge (of a house
or mountain) the head or higher part of anything. The warp
of a web in the loom. A bow-string. The string of a musical
instrument. A thread. A wire. A girdle. A curl, a braid.
Darkness, obscurity. Muddy water. Dark, obscure. A piece.
A species of palm-tree from which an intoxicating liquor (toddy)
is extracted. A cloud. J --~~ chashm-i tr, Cloudy eyes,
- _\;
a cu trik, (part.) Leaving, deserting. Following in suc
cession. Wall c, trikud duny, Abandoning the world.
An anchoret. Pe <\; trikkardan, To abandon, relinquish.
p tr-kri, Fillagree-work.
P U-99 tar-kash, A wire-drawer.
* *ju Tram, Name of a city the inhabitants of which are
renowned for the comeliness of their persons. -

blind. ~}<e J tr-i tankabut, A spider's web. **y tarim, Any building of a circular form, with an arched
A.J tra, Once, one time. One time or other, whensoever. or cupola-roof. The vault of heaven. The raftering of a house,
Name of Abraham's father. the roof, a floor, a story. The top of any thing. A very dark
Ajj tarr, Moist, juicy. Fat and smooth-skinned. Weak and house. A kind of moveable Turkomn or Tartar's cottage,
languid (from hunger). made of slight spars of wood, and covered with felt-cloth : (it is
py' tr, (s CT) A star. The pupil of the eye. cupola-roofed, with a large hole at top, through which the
P 99 Trb, Name of a village near Bukhr. smoke ascends, winding spirally round a pole placed in the
rej trt, Spoil, plunder, depredation. ground near to the fire).
A ej tirt, (pl. of 3/9 tarat) Times, turns. P_\ tr-mar (Jj tar-man or j-j tar o mar), Dis
ry taraj, Spoil, plunder, sack. J% * , zy's trj persed, scattered, dissipated. wer J Jj', 2%. lashkar-i
o yaghm kardan, To plunder and sack (a city). ttrtro mr badand, The Tartar army were dispersed.
P 8-9'> tr-megh, A cloud. A dense fog, a mist.
* -99 trj-gar, A spoiler, a pillager, a robber.
pu-95 trs, Taming, bringing under subjection. P &J's trang, A spider. The foundation of a wall.
*U}\; trsh, Pillage, plunder, robbery, devastation. r_j\, tr, A tike or louse infesting cattle.
rej, trn, Dark. A beclouded sky. Melodious voices. r x > y taro bud, Existence.
P *:::A; tr o piad, The warp and the web.
Name of an island in the Red Sea.
A ~~ ta-arrub, (v of 0) Being drawn extremely tight *2222* tr o pur, Very dark. In pieces.
A 32.5 trrat (fem.), About to give.
(a knot). Applying with unremitted assiduity (to business).
Being violent, severe, oppressive. Resisting, obstinately re r_j\ , it tr o mr, Scattered. Destroyed. Topsy-turvy.
P c tarian, Dark.
fusing. Rebellion. Being intelligent, sagacious, shrewd, sly.
* L: J tr-puti, Embroidery. rl trah, A cupola. A lute-string. A wallet thrown
a j trat, A time, a turn. Once, one time. Sometimes. across the back of a horse. A bleeding wound. Obscure, dark.
A girl introduced amongst lowers. *A 59 Another time. The warp of cloth. The scale or bason of a balance. An ob
59 x Time after time, oftentimes, frequently. scure corner. The loins. Head, summit.
*Jj tr-tar, Piecemeal. To atoms. P tri, Darkness, obscurity. A single thread, wire, &c.
"JJ" tir-tan, A weaver. The silk-worm. A spider. Dark. Summit. A liquor exuding from a certain tree; toddy.
P << 2\, tr-tanak, A spider. A Tr, Name of a place between Hijz and Tabk.
PJj trtur, Piecemeal. Hard. Dark, obscure. A. ta-arri, (v of ) Staying, continuing. Abiding in
A g ta-arruj, (v of z) Diffusing a grateful odour. one place. Bending the mind, devoting the whole attention to.
**5-j tar-chbah, Asparagus. Making honey (a bee). Withdrawing, lurking behind.
A w Tarah (or t Trakh), (Heb.nnn) Abraham's father. A -j ta-rib (11 of -) Tying fast (a knot). Defining,
A tirad (or c trah), Atike which infests cattle. setting bounds to. Completing, performing. Doing much.
A &j ta-riyat, (11 of ) Bringing. Strengthening, esta
AjJ triz, Hard. Strong. Avaricious. Dry. Withered.
Spiritles, evaporated. Dead. Strength, firmness. A carcase. blishing. Tethering (a horse), fastening (him) to the cratch.
A L taris, (part.) Arming with shield or helmet. Standing still, remaining in one place (as a horse in the stall).
*Ji trish, Light. Making honey (a bee). Lighting (a fire). Stirring up (a fire).
St A j ta-ris, (11 of c) Kindling a fire. Stirring up strife.
-

* Jy's ta-arruz, (v of J%") Putting forth the blade (grass),

A g ta-rij, (11 of G.) Raising, fomenting dissensions.
being fit for grazing or mowing. Cropping such grass (a goat).
A ky ta-rikh, (11 of &2) Fixing a time. Dating (a letter).
Meeting. Happening, befalling. Bending to the earth with
-
*ght. Being sluggish, delaying. Abiding in a country. A history, chronicle, calendar, era, epoch, year, date (of a
*
** tirak, (diminutive of G tar) A little hill, a heap. A letter or event). Ben Shunah, an accurate Arabian lawyer and
head, a summit. The top, the crown of the head. A helmet. historian, says, that this word is a corruption from the Persian
2 Z
 ;
2 354
Mahrz, which signifies a calendar; a Persian nobleman, named
Harmozan, having proposed (in a council called by the khalif
Omar, for the purpose of fixing an era) that they should con
struct a Mahruz, or calendar, the commencement of which
should be the flight of the prophet from Mecca, and his recep
tion at Madna; which was accordingly agreed to, and called
5, s t The era of the Hijrat, or flight. x~! 't
The era of Alexander, commencing 312 years before Christ.
J- t The era of Jallu'd din, beginning in the year
1079 of the Christian era. us.) 't
The era of Alexander.
The era of the martyrs under Diocletian in the
lett."
year 284. Ji- t The era of Safar (used by the Arabs in
Spain, not extending beyond 38 of our years). J*
The Coptic era, i. e. The era of the martyrs. e-Q} **
The era of Yazdajird, the last monarch of the Sassanian dy
nasty, instituted in the year 632 of the Christian era. ~~
Js (or --> t) An epitaph. P c-: t To inscribe
the date (of any building, letter, work, or event).
A&j ta-rikhat, A fixed period. An era, an epoch.
Pyle t ta-rikh-dr, A chronologer. Daily.
A. J-J ta-ris, (II of L') Cultivating land, becoming an
agriculturist. Employing, making use of, another's service.
A Ls ta-rish, (11 of J) Bribing. Attacking, plunder
ing. Kindling a fire. Stirring up strife. -
a Jj ta-riz, (11 of J) Growing so as to be fit for
grazing (green herb). Keeping a strict fast. Using chaste,
polished language. Making a leathern bottle fit for use by
lining it with milk, water, butter, or inspissated juice. Making
heavy. Delaying, putting off.
a lt ta-rit, (11 of 9M) Producing the plant J arta'.
A-j ta-rif, (11 of 3) Making a boundary, setting up
a land-mark. Tying a knot (upon a rope).
A c ta-rik, (11 of J) Rendering sleepless.
A ta-rik, (11 of %) Decorating with a throne.
P trik, Dark. Obscure, cloudy. Darkness. 99
es tarik shudan, To grow dark. -
P --- 99 trk-chasm, Purblind, short-sighted.
P J t tarik-dil, Of a benighted mind. Depraved.
P *. trk-lahad, The grave.
p Jj
tariki, Darkness, obscurity.
P s tarn, Dark, obscure.
The juice of a certain tree.
*Aj ta-aza, (fut. j yat-azu) (The wound) healed.
Aj ta-s, The healing of a wound. Encounter, battle.
rj ts, A career. A race. An assault. Horsemanship.
Ignoble, base. A lover. A beloved object. A beardless youth;
especially one who behaves himself unseemly and talks indecently.
(in comp.) Running, hastening, making an assault.
P j tzn, Pursuing closely.
P &\;\ tznah, A scourge, a lash, a whip. Correction.
j\;
P e-j tznzdan, To cause to run at. Causing to burn.
A j ta-azzub, (v of ~3') Being divided (wealth, booty).
rjj tz-bz, Playing with boys; a pederast.
A ci ta-azuh, (v1 of c3') Hanging back, being slow.
A cyt ta-azzuh, (v of c3) Being drawn together. Being
slow, tedious, long winded. Standing still. Failing, flinching,
giving way. Sliding (as the feet on a slippery place). Beating,
throbbing (the pulse, an artery).
Aj ta-azzur, (v of j') Putting on an apron (called);lizar).
Gaining strength. Thriving (a plant). Shooting upwards.
Ajj ta-azuz, (w of 5' azza) Boiling, bubbling (a pot).
P L t:ish, A running here and there.
A 3,55 Targharat, Name of the city of Maknasah.
A ju ta-azu, (v1 of -35") Approaching, being side by side.
A ta-azzuf, (v of 5) Walking with short steps.
A Uj ta--uk, (v1 of Jj') Being reduced to straits.
r 39 tzik, Greenness. See also j tazk.
P = 35 tzig, The son of an Arab brought up in Persia.
P j tasagi, Freshness, youthfulness. Plumpness, fatness.
A Jj ta-azzul, (v of J}) Being oppressed with anguish.
A j ta-azzum, (w ofil) Making a long stay. Suffering from
a year of great scarcity.
P sj tasandah, Running, making haste.
P <&j tasang, A column or pilaster of mortar. -
P Aj tsah, Fresh. Tender. Young. Green. New, re
cent. Cheerful, happy. --~);-- sj He is a fresh, tender
youth. sj 2'- A raw recruit. e-A y To make fresh or clean.
P * sj tasah batsah, Fresh and fresh.
r & ir j t:ah-bayrah, A fresh egg.
ree s}\; tasah-dam, Good spirits, cheerfulness, elasticity.
* L sj tsah-ras, New, fresh, lately arrived.
Ply sj, tsah-ray, Cheerful, smiling, joyous.
ry; Sj tazah-suhar, Newly born, recently produced.
P ', Aj, taxah-warid, Lately arrived. A fresh comer.
P_r > sj tasah o tar, Fresh and green.
A ta-azz, (v I of ') Sitting side by side. A
r 55 tasi, An Arabian. Arabic. An Arabian horse. bi
race. A greyhound. Swift. Jj Arabians. * In * 1C.
A Ju Ts, Name of a town in Africa fifty miles
A s ta-xy, The construction of a pipe or canal called *)
iza-a. A severe wound.
desisting from timidity.
A j ta-assi, (v of 5') Retiring 2
, -
Keeping back, restraining. Making a conduit called A} #:(l-(l.
-
Hitting the mark (an arrow). {\; tz), Ara
-
re tasiyn, Running. Pursuing. (pl. of 59 t):
bians. Arabian horses.
P &\}\; taziynah, A scourge, a lash, a whip. Jy &\j
To receive a scourging. e.9% &\j To scourge, to flog,
duit to a reservoir.
A&j ta-ziyat, (11 of ') Making ason
Beating, hurting more than wh at is sufficient.
 C-9
A t ta-zij, (11 of zj') Building an oblong arched edifice.
r &j tzi-khnah, A dog-kennel.
rejj, tzidan, To run. To wander. To make an as
sault. To be born. To set on fire, to inflame. To twist, to
spin. To bend. To bore. To wager. To strive. To suit.
Ajj ta-zr, (II of 23') Girding (another) with a kind of
apron (called J); izr).
Backing, strengthening, supporting.
rej tazi-zaban (j .e.-), The Arabic language.
- tz-suwar, Mounted on an Arabian horse.
* <<j tzik, One who knows only the Persian language.
One who is ignorant of the Persian language. A horse of a
mixed breed. An Arabian (colt) reared in some other country.
rj tz-krd, A large knife for butchering camels.
P &j tzig, A Turk. An Arab brought up in Persia.
re; j taxi-nijd, An Arab by birth.
rj tj, A tent, a pavilion. A scourge. Delicate. Elegant.
PA u- ts, A cup, dish, porringer, plate. Playing-cards.
Impotency. A fainting fit to which pregnant women are subject.
rl ts, Sorrow, grief, heaviness of heart.
re-U tisanidan, To strangle.
rj U-9 ts-bz, A juggler, a conjurer. A card-player.
a w ta-assud, (w of ~) Being bold, furious (as a lion).
A- ta-assur, (v of ~) Pleading, seeking an excuse.
A t tasia, The ninth. J ero t *x yawmut tasia.
\
mish shar-i, The ninth day of the month......
*-i-S ta-assu, (v of --) Sighing, grieving, lamenting,
: A J-9 ta-sil, (11 of J) Causing to take root. Confirming,
bemoaning, regretting, pining, brooding over affliction.
AJ-5 ta-assul, (v of J-1) Taking after the father.
re-aa-U tisimsat, (a Moorish word) An orange.
r &a-U tasmah, A strap. Hair combed over the forehead.
A e-8 ta-assun, (w ofe-) Being changed, corrupted (water).
Fainting from the noisome effluvia (of a well). Seeking for a
pretence, putting off, procrastinating. Taking after (his) sire.
A *:- tasie-a, The ninth day of the month.
A --: Ta-saf, Name of a village in Syria.
* -u tsah, Disquietude, anxiety, grief, restlessness. A dif
ficulty in breathing. A sob. Blackness of the face from grief.
The longing of pregnant women. J A.U. To be indisposed.
A s--U tisihamt, (a Moorish word) Wild sorrel.
p , 4-5 tisah wasah, Disquietude, distress.
A. J- ta-asi, (v1 of :-) Consoling, solacing, or recipro
cally asiding. Recommending patience to one another.
* - ta-ass?, (v of 3-) Following, imitating. Patience.
A J- ta-ass?, (v1 of J-) Receiving comfort.
A. i-t ta-siyat, (11 of:-) Applying a remedy, curing, heal
ing. Composing differences, healing a breach.
Ai-G ta-siyat, (11 of J-9 Administering consolation. In
*piring with hope, encouraging. Recommending patience.
* J-W tasidan, To be sad, to be afflicted, to be melancholy.
355 39
A2-5 ta-sir, (11 ofr-9 Binding tight, tying fast.
a J-5 ta-sis, (11 of L- assa) Marking out a foundation.
Laying a foundation. Establishing, making sure. Foundation,
stability, confirmation. Originality, invention. (in poetry) The
last letter of a hemistich with which all the following rhyme.
reje L-9 To lay a foundation, establish, fix, consolidate.
A J-5 ta-sil, (11 of J-1) Sharpening, bringing to a point.
Reaching the summit or extremity of a thing.
* Lu tsh, A little moon or crescent, which the Arabian
women paint upon their faces with woad. A pimple, a blotch.
A companion, consort, partner in trade. Meat, wine. A ring.
A mirror. A liquor-cooler. Gold or silver gauze. A white
horse. Cards. A beast of burden. Name of a country. *-3-
J khjah tash, A school-fellow. A partner.
A ~~ ta-ashshub, (w of --~~) Being mixed (a concourse
of people). Being assembled, gathered, blended. Sticking close
(as a client to his patron).
re-s t shudan, Till the arriving or becoming.
r 39 tashak, Whey. Fresh butter. Quick, active.
r J35 tashkul, A wart. Blearedness. Emptied, sifted.
A J ta-ashshun, (v of er) Washing with potash.
-** ta-shib, (11 of ~\) Setting (men) at variance.
A.
Azv ta-shir, (11 of A") Sharpening, notching (the teeth).
A notch, a jag. Any thing gnawed by locusts.
A- ta-asur, (v1 of ~) Being contiguous (houses).
A J-9 ta-assul, (v of J.") Taking root.
strengthening. Ennobling. Declaring to be of a noble origin.
A J-9 ta-ziz, (11 of J assa) Forcing any one to flee for
succour, commanding one to take refuge. Driving, compelling.
Ajs ta-attur, (v of 2") Being bent. Vibrating (as a lance
carried across the shoulder). Remaining at home (a woman).
A ** ta-attum, (v of *") Being filled with rage. Dashing
furiously (waves). Snoring. Purring (a cat). Growing dark
(night). Curbing one's self, refraining (from speaking or acting).
A. ** ta-tim, (11 of *") Throwing a veil or covering over
the camel-litter called z haw.daj. Fortifying (a citadel).
A z; teat, A measure. The thing measured. The mode
of measuring. A little mass.
A U-9 tgis, (part.) Perishing, dying. Trembling, totter
ing. Fallen prostrate. Thrown or laid down. Remote.
P tigh, A tree, a fire of which will burn a week. The
poplar. The elm. A withy. A pomegranate. A pear-tree,
bearing stony fruit. A prickly shrub. Tamarisk. Dry wood.
An ensign-staff, a flag-staff. A crown, a diadem. An egg.
Name of a fortress in Sistan.
Pe-s tghistn, A grove of elms, tamarisks, or willows.
A --><\; tghindast, (a Moorish word) Pellitory.
r Lu tghsh, The plunging of the head into water.
P e-w tghistn, A place abounding in tamarisk-trees.
2 Z 2
 & 356
A 339 tifat, Vice. Necessity. Excess. Delay. Little, vile.
P ej's tftan, To set on fire, burn, inflame, scorch, to heat
(an oven). To be warm, hot. To shine, sparkle, glitter, daz
zle, send forth rays. To sprinkle, strow, scatter, insert. To be
scattered, sprinkled. To twist, to spin. To bend, crook, render
convex. To curl hair. To turn away the face, to decline. To
return, to retire. To polish. To pierce, to bore. To prepare.
To incline, or give attention, to any thing; to endeavour, to
stretch every nerve. To sow. To be sown. To loose, to cut
or untie a knot. To vex, grieve, torment, chide, load. To sigh.
p <30 tatah, Twisted. Woven. A kind of silken cloth.
Taffeta. Hair. Thread. A colour in pigeons and horses, a
glossy cream-colour. Heated, inflamed. Sad, afflicted.
ex- &39 titah-jigar, Having a hectic fever. In love.
AAU tair (and ey; tafrn), A sordid, dirty, squalid fellow.
*j-s tais yar (or jb tyr), A sort of purgative plant.
* <39 tfashak, A ship-worm. A wood-louse. A moth.
A est ta-affun, (v of J') Being lessened, impaired.
A 430 taih, Small, few. Mean. Insipid.
rl ty, (and (-39 tfis), Name of an herb. tln giritan, To plunder, to sack. J e! J talan o
A -ist tai, (ii of affa) Crying fy shame!
#A J taka (for J; tawaka), (fut. J yataku) He desired.
A J ta-k (from G), Being filled (a leathern bottle). Being
full (of grief). Burning (with rage).
P J tak, A tree, the fire of which will burn for seven days.
a st ta-akat, Excess of anger. Rashness, hastiness, passion.
A disposition to rush into mischief.
A -t ta-kit, (ii of ~3) Fixing a time.
P - $ tk, The tendril of a vine. A fresh vine-plant. Name
of a certain thorny tree.
A t taka, (fem. of "3 zka, demonst. article) This.
A cu tkk (or ct, cits fkk tkk), Foolish, dull, stupid.
Thin, emaciated. Perishing, on the brink of ruin.
rz tkj, In one place. Once.
ru t kuj, How far.
A st ta-akkud, (v of <\) Being confirmed, strengthened.
p &\,\SU tak-dnah, A grape-stone. A twisted thread.
AAU ta-akkur, (w of ) Trenching (the ground), preparing
(it) for the reception of young trees.
A J ta-akkul, (v of JSA) Being eaten. Being corroded (a
tooth). Being consumed (a billet of wood on the fire). Having
a very keen edge (a sword). Feeling a continual irritation (a
camel) from a hairy foetus in the womb. Gleaming (a sword).
p u t kim, In order that.
u tkt, (a Moorish word) The gum euphorbium.
p &\; t keh, Whither ? So that. Until; while; so long.
P J. tki, A vine. T kay, Whither? To what length
How long When -
*s ta-kid, (11 of Sl) Tying tight, binding fast. Join quietude. Difficulty, straits, distress.
- .
J
ing, uniting. Strengthening, satisfying, confirming, corroborat.
ing. Repetition. Superintendance. Constitution. J--La
cle2 2- The foundations of a durable peace. s." *
A confirmation of friendship. re,95 * 2 & To prohibit
strictly, to admonish severely, to forbid repeatedly.
A "lst ta-kidan, Strongly. Repeatedly. Diligently.
A J ta-kil, (11 of JS) Eating, making a meal. Giving
to eat. Grazing. Leading to pasture. Furnishing (any one)
with the means of procuring a subsistence.
i Ju tl, (s T) The fan palmyra-tree, the leaves of which
are used to write on, with an iron style. A dish of silver or brass.
A sort of cymbal of bell-metal played with a stick. P A pond.
a J (Ju sill) till (and Je" J) Wandering, erring.
r 5 tilb (from JG tal and -i ib), A pond, a cistern.
P g tlj, A shout, a cry. A torch. Spoil, plunder.
p_AU tilr, A bed-chamber built of wood and supported by
four columns. A saloon. (for cl tlb) A pond, a reservoir.
P Jlt, tlsh, A voice, clamour, tumult. Flame. Search.
rej, tln, Spoil, depredation, plunder, pillage. Jek
wirn kardan, To depopulate and lay waste.
r 3!'; tlnak, An apricot.
p &lt; tlnah, A fruit resembling a peach.
A t ta-lab, A tree from which bows are made. Robust
(man, wild-ass, or mountain-goat).
A -l ta-allub, (v of ") Being congregated, convened.
P ~! tlat, Arms. A polisher of arms. A vender of salt.
A wound. A bracelet. A peach.
P <u tljak, A cock's comb.
A MU talid, Wealth inherited from one's ancestors.
A Ju ta-allud, (v of N') Being struck with astonishment.
A J ta-allus, (v of L.") Feeling pain. Being moved.
re-u talisan (or Ju tlishn), The prominent part of
the sash wrapped round the tiara or turban.
p U-U, talish, The wings of an arrow. Name of a people.
A J ta-allu, (v of i) Being united, associated.
tracting an acquaintance, cultivating friendship, holding *
intercourse. Conciliating the affections of another. t
training, accustoming, inuring. Union, society, *
A G ta-alluk, (v of c)) Flashing, glittering, *
(lightning). Tiring, adorning herself (a woman). Preparing,
raising the head for a quarrel or for some mischievous purp"
A 39 tilika, (fem, of c \,\ zlika) That.
P, Q\; tlaki (or J tlagi), Wild coriander.
A J*..
ta-allum, (v of C) Suffering pain. Griefy torment.
- -
A hospital.
r &\s. J ta-allum-khnah, The hou" of sorrow. -
r., Ju tlmin, (in ancient Persian) A fox.
Perturbation, dis
r 4.99 tlwsah, Indignation, disdain.
 29
|
pJ, Ju tto ml, Dispersed, scattered. Piece-meal.
A J ta-alluh, (v of all) Worshipping, paying adoration.
A J tai, (part.) Following. Consequent. Reading. Name A yu tamur, (or Jrt ta-mur) Any one, some one. Any
of a horse. J tall majm, The bull's eye (a star). thing. The soul, spirit, breath. Blood. Saffron. Water. Wine.
A J ta-alli, (vof 9 Swearing. Administering an oath.
A-29 taliyat, (pl. of J tal?) Readers.
A ta-lib, (11 of ~!) Instigating, exciting, provoking.
Sowing dissensions. Urging forward. Being driven into a clus
ter (camels). Walking fast. Returning. Raining incessantly.
r A &lt; ta-liyat, (11 of ") Doing less than one's duty, coming
short. Stopping, delaying. Being haughty, disdainful.
Being
. able, equal to. Not leaving or omitting.
: A&E tiliyat, The extremity of a thing (as the tail or feet).
Aal ta-lid, (pl. of ; tawl?d) Generations.
re!', tidan, To cry (like a fowl that is caught, or a boy
that is whipped). To weep. To sack, to spoil, to pillage.
A it ta-lif, (11 of -]) Making, completing, or becoming
one thousand. Joining, uniting. Connecting in friendship, re
conciling. Collecting, bringing together, compiling. A compi
lation, a literary composition, a publication. 24; talf-i
kulub, The conciliating of hearts.
a J ta-lih, (11 of d") Praying. Causing to worship.
Act ta-m (from c), Having a twin-brother. Running a
second time over the course (a horse).
p tm, Few. Small. Weak. Little. Complete.
A tmn, Entire, complete, perfect. ej}) 9 Full weight.
g
** tam, A twin. (Castellus).
ph Jr.; tmbal, (s HRH) Betel-leaf.
aru ta-mur, (v1 of,") Consulting, deliberating.
Artmir, (part.) Possessing dates. Abounding in dates.
Offering one dates to eat. Flower of sorrel.
ar ta-ammur, (w of y) Commanding, bearing sway.
A U Tmasm, Name of a city in Africa.
A *;-& Tamasunat, Name of a city in Africa.
'-W tmshaart, (in the dialect of the Moors) Name
A
of an herb resembling aniseed, wild dill, or spicknel.
A ill-u tmashtat, (in the Moorish language) Fennel.
A t ta-ammut, (v of t") Becoming weak in mind.
A& tmik, A camel's bunch, especially large and oblong.
A camel's bunch in general. A camel having a large bunch.
A J ta-ammul, (v of J) Looking steadfastly (at any
thing). Reflecting, musing. Contemplation, thought, meditation.
** ta-ammum, (v of amma) Tending towards. De
sign, purpose, intention. Taking for, considering as, a mother.
(for tayammum), Purifying or rubbing the hands, face and
other parts of the body with sand or dust (agreeable to the Mu
hammadan law), where water cannot be got, before engaging
in religious duties.
A er ta-ammun, (v of er") Trusting, confiding, relying.
357 c
P &r-s tamaniriyah, A stone found in diamond-mines.
P &u tamwarah, A water-pot, an ewer.
A tower, steeple, or belfry. The monastic institution or mode
of living. A lion's haunt or lair. The membrane which en
closes the foetus in the womb. A foetus. The pericardium. A
young damsel. A baby. A puppet. A purse or case for hold
ing any thing. An ewer with a spout. A species of the beaver.
A 5,* tmurat, The steeple of a Christian monastery. The
pericardium. Wine. Water. A thicket. A lion's den. An ewer.
P J:s tamial (equivalent to J:s tambul), Betel-leaf.
A ta-ammuh, (v of 4...) Being disturbed in mind.
A J-9 ta-ammi, (v of r) Purchasing a female slave.
A &ct ta-miyat, (11 of J.") Making (one) a handmaid.
A--~~ ta-mit, (11 of C-) Determining, defining.
A*- ta-mid, (11 of x.) Assigning, fixing a term.
Az ta-mir, (11 of ~) Appointing a governor (amir).
AJ-9 ta-mil, (ii of J) Hoping. Inspiring with hope.
A*** ta-mim, (11 of amma) Proposing, intending.
A e- ta-min, (11 of er) Saying Amen.
Pe tan, Your, yours. Thee. You. The mouth. The
inside of the mouth.(for J t n) Until that, or he. (for j
tr) The warp of a web. (for ey tuwn) Power, strength.
A J tani, (fem. dual from \\ z) These two.
A es ta-nn (from e anna, He groaned), A sigh.
r Jj timbl, G WIHG) Betel-leaf.
A --" ta-annus, (11 of e-j\) Being of, or becoming of, the
feminine gender (a word). Speaking tenderly, using soft words.
P &\; tnad (for &\; tuwanad), He is able. It is possible.
A J- ta-annus, (w of v) Being made accustomed to,
familiar with. Becoming tame and gentle (an animal).
P W tanist (for --~); tuwnist), He is, or was, able.
P J-W tanashn, The prominent part of the turban-sash.
A -u ta-annu, (v of -') Desiring one thing after another.
A c-; tnifiyat, A species of thorny creeping plant.
A c's ta-annuk, (v of G\) Considering attentively. Re
freshing the spirits, regaling the senses. Viewing any object
(as a garden) with wonder and delight. Fastening.
r 39 tank, A weight of about two ounces.
A cu tnika, (fem, dual of <\S zaka) Those two.
ru tng, A halter. Tang (or 39 tangar) A barber.
P ** tanam, I am able. (for *\e danam) I know.
A J ta-annun, (w of e) anna) Being pleased with.
P &\; t neh, Whether, lest.
p JF's tnl, The environs of the mouth, Wry-mouthed.
r &\; tnah, The warp of a web in the loom.
A 435 ta-annuh, (v of &\) Discovering signs of folly.
A J. tni-a, An inhabitant.
A Ju ta-anni, (w of Jy Delay, hesitation. Slowness. Pa
 29
tience, toleration, mildness. Skill, industry, care. P eye; j
To go slowly, deliberately, or patiently to work. To conduct
business with care, skill, and industry. To delay, defer, hesitate.
A ~". ta-nib, (11 of e-j\) Treating harshly, with unkind
ness. Chiding any one and speaking through the nose.
A --~". ta-nis, (11 of ~\) Putting in the feminine gen
der. Considering as feminine. Flattering, using blandishments.
P J tni dan (for ej), To prevail (against another).
A vt ta-nis, (ii of v") Making familiar, habituating.
* - Tnsur, Name of a city in Hindustn.
A i." ta-nf (11 of -) Sharpening, giving a sharp point.
Making, considering, or asserting (any one) to be submissive
and obedient to the will of another. Putting a handle to.
A cv ta-nik, (11 of G") Wondering at, admiring.
p >9 taw (for -\, tab), Strength. Heat. Splendour. Fever,
anguish. Rage. War. (in comp.) Twisting. Polishing.
p\,\; tw, (for &G tabah) A frying-pan, a skillet.
p\,\,\, ticit, (for ); tawn) Power, strength.
re); twn, Debt. Payment of debt. A mulet, a fine, or
equivalent, recompense for any injury or damage. Retaliation.
A substitute. A loan. Reciprocal assistance or accommodation.
A crime, sin, fault, sinfulness. Js-'A' J To impose a
mulct. Jelee)." To pay a fine, to expiate.
r G', twn, Power, strength.
P 43',\! tawanah, A conservatory. A warm-bath. A stove.
re tawan?dan, To cause to roll.
A ta-awwub, (v of ~!) Arriving at night, especially
about night-fall. Coming to water by night. Returning.
P twtak, Double, two-fold.
A es ta-awwukh, Purpose, design, intention.
p &lsu taw-khnah, A hot-house, a conservatory. A bath.
A stove. A summer-residence, summer-quarters for soldiers.
A * ta-awwud, (v of ) Being bent. Crookedness.
ry tzar, Accident, circumstance, contingency.
PJ twarmn, Up and down, above and below.
P ** 29 ttcaridah, Accidental, non-essential, contingent.
p a-, tawusah, A pasture, a well-watered meadow.
P J* tawush (or L tawish), A noise made by the feet.
A s ta-awwuk, (w of 55) Hanging back, being discouraged.
P. 23.9 t reakti, Till the time, or hour.
-
P -39 tzak, A young ass. A bullock, a steer.
P J9539 tfire kardan, To heat. (TART.) To drink a health.
J;" tcal, An ass-colt. An unbroke steer. A heifer. A calf.
P
P J tazil, A blister on the hand or foot.
A. J ta-awwul, (v of J.') Being explained, interpreted.
P J tttan, A calf. A bullock unaccustomed to the yoke.
P J tawush, A noise made by the feet.
P 3,5 tzah, A frying-pan, a skillet. An unburnt brick. Red
clay. 2, * pay-twah, Bandages swathed round the feet.
A 9t ta-awwuh, (v of s,') Crying ah! alas!
358 -53
--
A * ta-awwa, (v of ') Assembling, coming together in
one place. Receiving hospitably.
A ~39 ta-wib, (11 of +,\) Travelling during the whole of
the day and halting at night. Praising God.
A &s ta-wiyat, (11 of ') Repairing to any place either to
make a temporary or permanent stay.
A ** ta-wid, (11 of 2,\) Bending, making crooked.
P J tawdan or tavdan (for ej's tbdan), To twist,
To shine. To heat. To revolve. To be strong. To shave.
A G ta-wik, (11 of J.') Imposing a burden. Ordering
(any thing) to be carried. Overloading. Oppressing. Wex.
ing. Putting on short commons. Despising. Slighting.
A J ta-wil, (11 of J) Bringing (any thing) back to (its)
original state. Analyzing. Expounding, commenting upon.
Arranging (especially words or sentences in metrical order).
Ordaining, instituting, enacting. Elucidation, paraphrase. Ex
planation, interpretation (of dreams or obscure points in science).
P J J.j To explain, comment upon, interpret, expound.
A e.j ta-willy, Explanatory, expository, exegetical.
A ** ta-wim, (11 of ^2) Fattening. Augmenting the bulk
of the body (as food, or pasture). Making thirsty.
A s ta-win (11 of ex) Eating and drinking (an ass) till
his belly becomes blown out like a pair of panniers. A wallet.
A *:: ta-wah, (11 of *") Groaning from pain.
r s tah, A plait, fold, ply. An odd number. Mere, simple.
Like. Some. Rust. Au yak th, Single. st 23 d5th, Double.
A s ta-ahhub, (v of s) Being prepared, arranged.
A Js ta-ahhul, (v of Js") Marrying a wife. Founding a
family. Being worthy, fit and capable.
Ps ta ham, Still, yet, nevertheless.
P c-s t hamchun'in, Hitherto, thus far, thus much.
p > th, Spirituous liquor. A goblet of wine.
A_2=\ tahur, A cloud.
A s ta-hib, (II of ~s) Preparing, getting ready for.
A2s ta-ahir, (pl. of J3t tayhr) Extensive plains. Hills
and dales. Billows. Sandy plains. Sand-hills. Bewildered men'
A J:s ta-hil, (11 of J) Making proper, fit, worthy. Sa
tisfying, granting one what he wishes.
A&s ta-hih, (ii of . ahha) Sighing, exclaiming ah!
>k A s ta-a, (fut. J 3yat-7) He preceded.
P ty, Like, resembling. A garment of silk or cotton.
Top, summit. Number. A single (piece or sheet). Half a load.
Fold. S yak ty, Single, u 33 d ty, Two-fold.
P J tyk, A bundle of sticks, a faggot of wood.
A -j ta-ib, (part.) Repenting, returning (to God).
A &\; tyat (for &W tayat) The flat roof of a house. A P
where they dry dates. A large stone in sandy ground.
A g t-ij, (part.) Being crowned.
Wearing a crown.
a s ta-ayyud, (v of l) Being corroborated, confirmed.
 \-5
Aft t-ir, (part.) Setting seriously about any thing (begin
ning after some intermission).
av ta-ayyus, (v of v) Being soft, gentle, lenient.
A ta-ayyum, (w of *") Continuing unmarried. Celibaey.
r &\; tyah, A fine thread. Sleekness, glossiness.
*A* ta-ay?, (v1 of 29 Searching for (his person).
A J ta-ayyi, (v of J) Abiding, dwelling, tarrying. Going
in quest of the very thing or person. -
A& ta-ayyat, Sojourn, stay, residence.
A ** ta-yid, (11 of l) Strengthening, infusing fresh vigour.
Assisting. Corroboration, confirmation. Pj .*** \: b ta
yid-i kardagr (or J ilah?), By the divine assistance.
A *** ta-yidit, (pl. of ** ta-y?d) Aids, divine favours.
rej, tydan, To resemble, to be like unto.
*** ta-yr, (11 of 2) Indulging much in venery.
Au- ta-ys, (11 of v') Making desperate. Softening,
unbracing, relaxing. See also J- istiklal.
A ** ta-ym, (11 of *") Making (a man) a widower.
A & ta-yih, (11 of &\) Calling (to camels). Crying aloud
J) & \, y avyuha'r rajulu, O man!
PiJ tab, A fever. Je 3 tab dshtan, To rave, to
talk incoherently. G3, -j tab-i dikk, A hectic fever. ,-
Sy tab-i rube, A quartan fever. -: , tab-i ghibb, A
tertian fever.
*}} ,-, tab-i tarzah, An ague. sol ev
tub-i maddah, A material fever. Js" -- tab-i muhrik, An
ardent fever. *** ,-J tab-i muwasabah, A quotidien fever.
~; ; tab-i natebat, An intermittent fever. A- tab
giritah, Seized with a fewer. -* > pur tab o tab, Full
of fire and ardour.
A -- tabb, Loss, injury, damage, detriment, ruin, perdition,
destruction, & " tabban luhu, May he perish:
** tab, Let alone, meddle not.
A-J tabb, (from C-J tabba) Injuring. Sustaining injury.
Perishing. Loss, destruction.
A&W, tabbitat, (pl. of 8-J tubbat) Kings of Arabia Felix.
&="J's A house in Mecca where Muhammad was born. A 4- tabatu-a, (v I of *) Delaying, lingering, loitering.
Aw taba-bu-a, (11 of \", Q) Running with haste. A t tabt, (pl. of s-) Yearling calves. Tibs, A cou
As tabbit, (pl. of 8-5 tubbat) Shadows. Species of sequence, a series, a continuation. (pl. of st tab78) Fol
flying insects. Queen-bees. The feet of quadrupeds.
birds or
A J tabbil, (pl. of L tabl) Hatreds. Sicknesses.
A <!- tabass, Solicitude, sadness, care.
A 9. tabdd, (v1 of A badda) Attacking each other severally,
ne by one. Choosing one's equal for any work.
Aje tabdur, (v1 of A.) Making haste simultaneously.
Preparing for, going briskly to (work).
*Jel tabdul, (v1 of J.A.) Changing, transposing. Inter
change, transfer; permutation (as of the letter t ba with waw).
Alel tabdult, (pl. of Jj tabdul) Permutations.
** tabduh, (v1 of s.v.) Vying with, or exercising one
another in the reciting of extemporary verses.
359 \-3
A selli tabadi, (v1 of 23) Resembling, imitating the man
mers of those who live in the desert. Leading a rural life.
r_j\r tabr, A people, a nation. A tribe, a family. A wood
en shovel. j J 29, , A monarch of an illustrious house.
Ajjtabar, Ruin, destruction. j) Me daru't tabar, (The
house of ruin) Hell.
Aj, tabrr, (v1 of 92) Acting uprightly one with another.
A 35- tabarat, (from rj) Perishing. Destruction, death.
Ajs tabrus, (v1 of 32) Marching forth against each other.
A. tabaruk, (v1 of 3) Blessing. Being blessed.
Being exalted, pure, holy, undefiled (applied exclusively to
God). Being in happy circumstances. Taking a good omen,
auguring well from. J 2 %. G-- hakk tabaraka wa
tatala, (literally, Blessed and exalted be God !) (though, in com
mon acceptation) (God) The just, the blessed, the most high.
Aj, tabru-a, (v1 of 2) Releasing, acquitting, clearing
one another (as in a dissolution of partnership).
P tabari, Because. Zeal, diligence. A daily pension.
A tabari, (v1 of 2.2) Striving together.
A c- tabrh, (pl. of r, tabrzh) Adversities, afflictions.
A Jj, tabrik, Meats highly or moderately seasoned.
Arj tabazuj, (v1 of x) Contending for pre-eminence.
A* tabazukh, (v1 of *j) Hanging back, receding (from
business). Having protuberant hips (a woman). Having a
level back and the buttocks prominent (a horse).
A tabs, (v1 of 23) Going with a wide step. Moving
the hips in walking. Glorying in what (he) does not possess.
Pe-\ tabszdan, To faint, to swoon from heat.
A J tabashur, (v1 of ,-) Communicating reciprocally
good news.
*** tabashir, Chalk, clay, plaster. Sugar of bamboo.
Ax-s tabashir, Happy tidings, agreeable intelligence, good
news. The Gospels. The beginnings or preludes of good news.
c- 2-t- tabashir-i sabah, The prelude to the dawn, the
break of day. Chalk, clay, plaster, mortar.
lowers, sectaries, clients. Assistants. Creditors. Calves. (111
of 8-) Following, imitating. Adding (one thing to another).
Doing any thing perfectly, certainly, and solidly; doing in the
same manner one thing after another. -
A --~~ tabtat, (from s3) Following. Being subject to.
Pursuing, overtaking. Punishment, penal suffering. Attem
dance. Tibeat, Punishment, chastisement. -
A xel-J tabud, (v1 of x) Being absent, far off. With
drawing to a distance. Receding, retiring from each other.
A ye tabazur, (v1 of J) Bedaubing, befouling (any one)
with (his) dung (a camel or a sheep). -
A ----- tabtiyat, Obedience.
 \-3.
AJ<<\ tabghuz, (vi of Jak) Hating one another.
Aus tabaghi, (v1 of J) Being insolent and unruly (the
populace); urging unjust, unreasonable, unconscionable claims.
AJ tabk, (v1 of) Being left, remaining together.
r& Tabak, A man's name.
a w tabkk, (vi of t bakka) Crowding, thronging.
A. J tabki, (v1 of 3) Forcing one's self, or being forced
to shed tears. Pretending to cry, feigning to weep.
A Jj tabbl, One who adds seasoning to victuals.
A Jj Tablat, Name of a town in Yaman.
A}\ tabalut, (v1 of al.) Fencing, scuffling.
A t tabaligh, (pl. of tabligh) Ropes which commu
nicate with the water-drawer, and the rope of the water-bucket.
A * tabluh, (v1 of al.) Feigning ignorance, or simplicity.
A * * tabban lahu, May he perish
A J tabal, (v1 of J.) Proving, trying, assaying.
rej, tabn, A kind of flower.
A Jj tabbn, A dealer in straw. Tubbn, Short breeches.
A 3.5 tabnat, (from c) Looking steadily. Wit, skill.
p g tabanij, A woman whose husband has another wife.
r_<\ tabanjir G tabnchj), Name of a flower.
p &^\ tabnjah, A box, a blow, a slap. A sort of food.
a 5- taba-ua, (v of) Equalling one another.
A J tabwush, (v1 of U) Taking, receiving (food).
r s tabah, Bad, wicked, wretched, depraved. Depraving.
A spoiler. Wandering from the right way. Spoiled, ruined,
destroyed, laid waste, annihilated. Corruption, putrefaction.
Injury, mischief. Ruin, perdition. A dish made of eggs boiled
or fried, and small pieces of meat. JA ** To kill, destroy,
corrupt, spoil, infest, eje s. To be overwhelmed, to be an
nihilated, destroyed. s 283; wast-i tabah, A wicked act.
P Jls tabhndan, To spoil. To err. To be spoiled.
A ** tabhuj, (v1 of) Blooming, blossoming (a garden).
r & suj tabhjah, Meat stewed down. Mutton.
A U.S. tabhush, (v1 of L) Contending greedily for.
fjs tabh-kr,A destroyer.
A Js tabahul, (v1 of J) Cursing, execrating one another.
r &nu; tabhah, Stewed meat. A light kind of food made of
cucumbers or pumpkins, with a preparation of sour milk and
herbs. Eggs, dressed with meat, vinegar, pepper, and pulse.
P tabh, Destroyed. Wickedness, depravity, ruin,
wreck, perdition, annihilation. J c- To corrupt.
A J tabh, (v1 of J) Contending for pre-eminence.
P Jess tabhidan, To putriy, to corrupt, to spoil.
f soj J tabh-zadah, Ruined. Afflicted, distressed.
P Jg tabayndan, To cause to tremble. To bore. To
warm with a fire.
A s t tab-ie, (pl. of 3-r) Yearling calves. Small camels.
360 c
A t tabyut, (v1 of 8-) Selling from one to another.
Dealing, trafficking, bartering, contracting, bargaining.
a c- tabyun, (v1 of Jr.) Being separate, distinct from
each other. Parting. Going away. Difference. Opposition,
contradiction. (in arithmetic) The not having any common di.
visor except unity; incommensurability.
A -- tabab, Loss, detriment. Death. Destruction.
r sc - tab-bdah (or *,\ tab-brah), The trembling,
shivering paroxysm, or periodical fit of a fever.
a & tibbat, An afflicted condition.
P -j Tabat, Tabit, Tibat, Tibbat, Tibt, Tubut, or Tubit,
Tibet in Tartary, whence comes the finest musk. Tibit, Soft
goat's hair, from which the finest shawls are made. Tabbat,
Name of a mountain, upon the summit of which is a well,
whence (according to Eastern belief) forty different voices are
distinctly heard; excepting when it rains. It is situated in the
midst of the sea, and burns perpetually, unless when the flames
are extinguished by the waters of the ocean. CAstellus.
rear tubtan, Short breeches.
A & tabtabat (from J Q) Growing old.
A J-5 tabattul, (v of J) Withdrawing from the world and
devoting one's self to God.
ru r tibati or tibti, Musk, or any thing belonging to Tibet.
A --- tabtit, (11 of c- batta) Cutting, breaking off.
A_r tabtr, (11 of A) Ruining, destroying.
A -- tablik, (11 of <<) Cutting off (sheep's ears).
A Jj tabtil, (11 of J) Retiring from the world, to dedi.
cate one's self to religious duties.
A G-j tabs, Sadness, melancholy.
A J tibsak (from G), Tearing. Bursting (into tears).
Breaking down (as a river its banks), overflowing, overspreading:
A t tabasbus, (11 of G-w Q) Raising (a dust).
Aj, tabassur, (v of A.) Breaking out in pustules (the skin).
A G-: tabsis, (11 of G- bassa) Dispersing, scattering.
A strs tabse, (11 of 8-8) Swelling with blood (a wound).
A *: tabaijuh, (w of y Rejoicing, being overjoyed.
A U-s tabajus, (v of U.<!) Being set a flowing (water).
A ** tabjih, (11 of a;) Exhilirating, giving joy.
A Jis; tabjil, (11 of J) Extolling, magnifying. **
J:s &ala' wahit taljil, In a respectful manner. y J;
JA tabjzl kardan, To honour, to revere, to esteem.
A <!--9 tabjilt, (pl. of J:s tabjl) Ceremonies.
A * tabah.huh, (w of : bahha) Obtaining an establish
ment, being received into a family. Sitting at ease in.
AA=\; tabahhur, (v of ,-) Penetrating in the depths (of
science). Being profoundly learned. Diffusing knowledge.
a J-a=\; tabahsul, (11 of J-a-; c) Being full and fat (flesh).
A v.4-y tabahlus, (11 of Je: q) Coming (affrighted).
A *=y tabhih, (11 of *. bahha) Dwelling (in a place).
 _ 361 _*
Jy tab-khl, Fever-heat. Pustules breaking out upon rl) bildu't tibr, The country of gold or gold-dust, that part of
the lips after a fever. Bird's dung. Africa called the Gold-Coast.
r &ky tab-khlah, Pustules breaking out upon the lips after r_j tabar, A hatchet, an axe. Tibir, Name of a bird.
a fever. The thrush. Air-bubbles in a glass full of wine. A Ari tabra-a, A she-camel of a beautiful colour.
A **; tabakh bukh, (11 of t: Q) Subsiding (heat, anger). rjy, tibrz, A vapour exhaled by the sun, looking like the
Ajy tabakhtur, (11 of >, <) Walking very stately. sea at a distance. The rainbow.
A 23; tabakhtariyat, A pompous and stately gait. a y Tibrk, Name of a place in Arabia.
: A 234 tabakhs ur, (11 of A& 2) Being scatter ed, dispers ed. A J tabar-ul, (11 of Jy Q) Ruffling its feathers (a bird pre

Ai-A&; tabakhdajat, A manner of walking with the toes paring to fight). Putting (himself) in an attitude of defence.
turning in, and the heels turning out. A pigeon-toed gait.
ic. AA+ tabakhkhur, (v of Ak.) Perfuming one's self.
A c-; tabkhit, (11 of c-c) Silencing (an opponent).
... li. Ay tabkhir, (11 of ,-) Perfuming. Raising a smoke.
** A U.K. tabkhis, (11 of U.<) Drying (marrow in a bone).
A J tabkhil, (11 of Jek:) Esteeming, calling one a miser.
*:: P & J tibid, Soft goat's hair.
A c tabadduh, (v of t) Walking gracefully (a woman).
III's A Q-M3 tabaddud, (v of A badda) Being dispersed, scattered.
a JA tabaddul, (v of J*) Changing. Substituting. Re
ceiving one (thing) in the stead of another.
t A col tabaddult, (pl. of J&J tabaddul) Permutations.
A}^s tabaddu-a, (v of **) Beginning, commencing.
A tabaddi, (v of 93) Abiding in the desert. Appearing.
A r tabaddi, (v of x) Beginning.
A MA-5 tabdid, (11 of 3 badda) Scattering, wasting.
A t tabdi, (11 of 894) Calling one 8-- mubtadi, in
novator or propagator of new opinions. Regarding as a novelty.
A Jj tabdil, (11 of J) Changing, altering, substituting,
transposing, xo J Changing shape. e- J A
change of place, migration. re--- &\- Jj To change
A vr; tabarbus, (11 of L Q) Running like a dog.
A Sri tibrat, A particle of native gold or silver.
A gr tabarruj, (v of z_R) (A woman) dressing in order to
shew herself (to men). Ostentatious decoration.
Pe-j tabar-khn, The jujube-tree, and fruit. A club.
A 9r tabarrud, (v of 92) Washing with cold water.
PJers tabar-dr, A hatchet-man, a pioneer, a wood-cutter.
Ayr tabarrur, (v of 22) Doing good. Being godly, de
wout, dutiful. Being affectionate (towards one's offspring).
Performing (an oath), fulfilling, making good.
Aj, Tibraz, Name of a place in Arabia.
Ajr tabarruz, (v of 32) Appearing, coming forth. Being
published. Walking into the fields (to ease nature).
r rj tabar-zad, Rock-salt. White sugar. The aloe. A
kind of grape.
rers tabar-zan, Striking with a hatchet; a wood-cutter.
P r tabrazah, Putting victuals into a basket. Rock-salt.
A sort of candied grape.
r cj, tabar-zin, An iron mace or battle-axe (usually fixed
to the saddle). A wooden club. Rock-salt.
P e-F Tabaristn, A province of Persia (Hyrcania).

one's garments. J Jj To be changed or disguised. A Jers tabarrus, (v of Je) Grazing (a field) so closely as
J% * J.A. tabdil-i hawkardan, To make a change of air. not to leave any herbage whatever.
A "** tabdilan (p *** tabdilnah), In disguise. A Jri tabarruz, (v of J) Receiving (anything) by little
A sl tabdilt, (pl. of Jj tabdil) Ministerial changes. and little. Earning a scanty livelihood. Living poorly.
A cs tabdin, (11 of J.A.) Growing old. Becoming feeble. A Jr tabartul, (11 of J Q) Taking a bribe (a judge).
Abounding in wealth. Casing, clothing (another) in armour. A ** tabartum, (11 of *2 Q) Swelling with rage.

Aj, tibir (or 5)3.j tib-irat), A prodigal, a spendthrift. A & Jr.' tabarrut, (v of & 2) Doing voluntarily what one is not

A t tabazuh, (v of c) Raining. obliged to perform. Giving gratis.

A t tubazzukh, (v of t) Becoming proud, playing the A *\er tabarrutan (p &\er tabarrutinah), Gratuitously.

great man. Being elated. -

A Jars tabarghus, (11 of Ja, Q) Being disturbed, troubled.

Aj, tabazur, (11 of 2& q) Seeking, enquiring after.
a Js tabassul, (v of J&) Being liberal, munificent.
Taking no care of one's clothes, wearing them every day. Put
ting on a garment above others to keep them clean.
*A* tabzir, (ii of 9&) Dissipating. Spending prodigally.
Trembling. (The) convulsive motion (of an amputated limb).
a t-ir tabarkut, (11 of 8-3, 9) Hiding the face with a veil.
r 5.5 tabrak, A flat dish. A table (especially with a high
rim or border). The top of a drum. Sieves. Fruit-baskets.
A tabarruk, (v of 2) Imploring the divine blessing.

*J.A. tabzil, (ii of J&) Bestowing liberally. Blessing. Praising. Succeeding, prospering by the blessing of
Ari tabr, A breaking. Ruin, destruction, perdition. Tibr, God. Abundance, plenty. A portion of presents (or of what
the mine, before it has felt the fire or the
Gold or silver just from
is left of food presented to great men) given to their dependants.
hammer. Fragments or particles of gold or glass; shining sub Sacred relics. "U 2 "Sri tabarrukan wa tayammunan,
stances found amongst brass, orichalc, or other minerals. J
With the blessing of God. In a happy hour. God be praised
3 A
 C 362
A <2\,: tabarrukat, (pl. of <!- tabarruk) Benedictions.
Plenty. Offices, honours, dignities.
r-" r tabrak-i siy, A mallet of iron, with which they
notch mill-stones. Inequality in a mill-stone for bruising wheat.
a & tabrakat, (11 of %. Q) Staying (in a place).
A t- tabarkut, (11 of t Q) Being thrown prostrate.
Falling upon one's buttocks, or on one's back.
P J9:5 tabarkidan, To split the hoof or the nail.
P * tabrag, A fortress. Name of a citadel in Ispahn.
P ejr tabar-gun, Hollow-backed (horse).
P c- tabar-ligam, A rein, a bridle, a bit.
P rs tabram, A great lady, a matron.
A tabarrum, (v of ) Being satiated, wearied, disgusted.
A-3
scene, ugly. A spider's web. Annihilation. Tabist, Religion,
sect, rite. Weak.
r - tabastugh, Eloquent, rhetorical
P J- tabastan, (equiv. to c- abistan) To be pregnant.
P &-5 tabastah, A fringed carpet or cushion.
A 2-5 tabassur, (v of ,-) Being cold (a day). Devouring
the dry roots of plants from a ditch (an affrighted bull). Being
torpid (a dislocated foot).
Ala- tabassut, (v of a-) Being extended far and wide.
Going a great way. Ranging at large.
A J-5 tabassul, (v of J) Contracting the visage, from
anger or any other cause.
A -- tabassum, (v of -) Smiling. A smile, simper. P !--

Avrs tabarnus, (11 of U-2 Q) Wearing a high-crowned cap. J J Smiling, and talking of trifles.
P ex~ tabsdan, To have the lips cracked with heat, to be
A3 - tabarru-a, (v of 92) Being acquitted, cleared, absolved.
fainting or uneasy in sultry weather. To be indisposed.
Being free (from faults, or crimes).
A G-5 tabsk, (11 of G-) Favouring, benefiting.
A s tabarri, (v of 5.2) Opposing, hindering, obstructing.
A &- tabri-at, (II ofy.) Absolving (from a fault). Acquit P U-5 tabish (or U& tapish), Heat, warmth, inflammation.
Fire. (for U-9 tabish), Light.
ting, setting at liberty. Forgiving (a debt). A receipt.
A &r tibriyat, Scales or scurf on the head. A U-5 tabashbush, (11 of U- Q) Manifesting gladness.
r_< tubashshir, A kind of sparrow.
A fr tabrij, (11 of r 2) Making a display of (his) merit, (a
A *-* Tabshat, Name of a place in Yaman.
man); also of (her) attire (a woman). r - tabshak or tabashk, A kind of silk for making sashes,
A r, tabrih, (11 of cy!) Injuring, vexing.
turbans, stockings, or trowsers.
A & tabrikh, (11 of &A) Humbling one's self, submitting.
rus-- tabshi, A dish made of gold, silver, or brass.
As f tabrid, (11 of 92) Cooling, allowing, leaving to cool. Pyr- tabshir, Clay, fuller's earth, plaster.
A2 r tabrir, Any thing, somewhat. A 2-5 tabshir, (11 of ,-) Communicating good news.
Aj, tabrir, (11 of 22) Justifying, declaring innocent. A al- tabshit, (11 of at-) Making haste. Hastening.
PA 2; Tabriz or Tauriz, The capital of Azarbjn (Media). A vara: tabasbus, (11 of U2-, Q) Wagging his tail (a dg).
Tibriz, A table, a round piece of leather upon which they place | Caressing, flattering, blandishing. Peelevara: To cares. -

victuals. A sofa, bench, or form for reclining upon. | A rar tabassur, (V of ra) Considering with attention, con
Aj, tabriz, (11 of 32) Causing to come forth. Calling templating, understanding, perceiving: sight, alne percep
s

forth, challenging. Bringing to view, shewing openly. Being ton. eele ra: tabassur dadan, To give *
superior to. Excelling in swiftness (a horse), winning a race. A rar tabsirat, (11 of ra) Rendering quick-sighted. Any
A Lr tabris, (11 of U-2) Softening (ground) for culture. thing which renders quick-sighted.
A Ca tabris, (11 of J22) Making anything look spotted. A J-a-, tabassul, (v of J-a) Being constituted like an on",
A cr tabrik, (11 of JA) Opening the eyes, and keeping coat upon coat (bark). Exhausting, draining by frequent asking.
them fixed upon an object. Threatening, inspiring with fear. A ra: tabs ir, (11 of ra.) Rendering quick-sighted, intelli
A r, tabrik, (11 of %) Giving a blessing, pronouncing gent. Showing, demonstrating, declaring, giving an example:
a benediction, congratulating, wishing joy. Kneeling (a camel). Teaching. Going to Basrah.
A tabrim, (11 of **) Twisting, turning (a spindle). A Jazar tabss, (11 Ja, bassa) Opening its eyes (a whelp).
p so; C-J tab-sadah (or sex tap-sadah), Attacked by a fever. A Ja tabsil, (11 of J.a.) Peeling, barking (a tree).
A & J.' tabazzu (v of & J.') Being elegant, polished in (his) A U4 is tabazzuz, (v of U33) Recovering (a debt) by degrees.
manners (a young man). Quickness of parts, shrewdness, dex A s-i- tabazzu, (v of 83) Sweating (the forehead).
terity. Increasing, abounding. Being important (an affair). a * tabattuh, (v of *) Diffusing itself across a low-lying
A J tabazzul, (v of JA) Being cloven, split.
gravelly plain (a torrent).
A t- tabzzj, (11 of r A) Adorning, beautifying. A e- tabattun, (w of e) Filling the belly. Placing any
A *} tabsikh, (11 of 3) Asking for (a shoe). thing under the belly. Penetrating into the heart or inner Pa of
A U-5 tabasbus, (11 of C- oy Flowing (as water). any thing. Walking through the middle of a garden or field.
p -- tabast, Ruined. Corrupted. Annihilated. Ob a 3- tabattu-a, (w of a) Delaying. Coming late.

S
A a-, tabti-at, (11 of: a) Retarding, delaying.
A ** tabtih, (11 of 2*) Strewing with gravel.
A Ja tabtil, (ii of Ja) Abolishing, annihilating.
A c- tabtin, (11 of ej) Lining (a garment).
*A* tabiza, (fut. of 3-4 yatbatu) He followed.
A 8- tabat (from 8-9), Following. Pursuing. Attending.
Obeying. A follower. The foot of a quadruped. (pl. of s
tbia), Followers. Studious (people), carefully searching for
any thing. Familiar spirits, supposed to accompany men where
ever they go. Tabi, A follower. A suitor, a wooer, a lover.
Studious, attentive. Tubag, One who pursues an oration, and
connects one part with another. Tubbat, The surname of the
kings of Arabia Felix (as having many followers). The queen
bee (as having a number of subjects). A shadow (as attending
the sun). The feet of a quadruped. A kind of bird. A sort
of flying insect. 3' 8- s V- I do not know what he is.
a & tabitat, Pursuit. Punishment, torture.
A Q-ari tabattus, (v of x) Flowing (from one, a poem).
A * tabatauj, (v of **) Being scattered (clouds after rain).
A Jej, tabaerus, Agitation, commotion. The quivering
motion of an amputated limb.
Ava, tabattus, (w of Lax) Being shaken, agitated. Moving,
twisting, writhing (as a serpent, or other animal).
A J-5 tabatsus, (11 of La as Q) Being afflicted, disturbed.
Writhing (as a snake when crushed beneath the feet).
A Ji, tabatzuz, (v of Jx) Being divided into parts.
A vair tabatzuz, (11 of J&ix, Q.) Receiving, taking.
A C*-s tabattuk, (v of G*) Being butchered. Raining.
A J tubatul, (v of J) Obeying (a husband).
A Usr tubea', (A cow) following the bull.
A * tabaiyat, A following. Imitation. Obedience.
A g- tabj, (11 of *) Opening the ground (rain).
y
A * tabd, (11 of xxx) Removing, causing to go far off.
A J tabliz, (11 of Lix) Parting, dividing into portions.
A.J. tabk, (11 of Gx) Cleaving, dividing (any thing)
and pouring out (its) contents. Cutting (a camel's) throat.
A * tabaghdud, (11 of ex Q) Being done at Baghdd.
Imitating the manners of the Baghddians. Storming Baghdd.
A U+ tabaghghuz, (v of L) Showing hatred.
A * tabaghghum, (w of ** obsol.) Crying with a loud voice.
A * tabaghnuj, (11 of * Q) Using all the endearing
words and attitudes of lovers.
*/ tabghur (or jy tabghz), A bird. The beak of a
bird. The nose or snout of an animal.
A * tabaghghi, (v of l) Searching, enquiring after.
*
A vis tabghiz, (11 of J-4) Rendering odious.
"J talghil, (ii of J) Being dull, heavy, lazy, sluggish.
Ging at an easy pace (a camel).
t
363 U-3
A ** tabghim, (11 of **) Bleating as a sheep, doe, goat,
or kid. Speaking unintelligibly or ambiguously.
P_3;g tabfz, The beak of a bird. The parts round the
mouth (of a man or any other animal). Sickness, sorrow, care.
Aj- tabakkur, (v of, i.) Being profoundly learned. Abound
ing in wealth. Remaining in the city or village (whilst one's
family continues in the field).
A la- tabakkut, (v of la) Taking by little and little.
A Jr tabakkul, (v of J) Eating vegetables or pot-herbs.
Going out to cull pot-herbs. Having cattle feeding on pot-herbs.
A c- tabakkum, (v of e) Being heavy with young (a ewe).
A Jir tabakki, (vofu.) Reserving a residue. Remaining.
A & tabkiyat, (11 of-) Reserving a remainder.
A jir tabkir, (11 of i) Drawing a circle of the size of an
ox's hoof, and playing at a boy's game called s bukayra'.
A laziz tabkit, (11 of as obsol.) Ascending (a mountain).
Being quick (in speech or step). Reproving. Scattering.
A si tabl:78, (11 of 85.) Departing, going away.
A Ji, tabkil, (11 of J) Ruling, governing.
P << tabk, A girdle or fringe of silk.
P JK- tibkn, A thorn in general.
AK- tabakkur, (v of K.) Preceding, going before.
A JK- tabakkul, (v of J3) Speaking perplexedly. Con
fusing one's self in relating any thing. Opposing, obstructing.
Overwhelming one with blows or reproaches. Conquering.
Carrying off plunder. Walking haughtily.
A. tabakkum, (w of 23) Pronouncing with difficulty.
P -:- tabkb, A confection made of nuts and garlic.
a & tabkyat, (11 of J) Weeping, wailing, lamenting.
Deploring, bewailing. Moving to tears. Causing to bewail.
A -- r tabkit, (11 of <-9) Terrifying (by threats). Re
buking, upbraiding. Silencing. Convincing by clear proofs.
Ax~ tabkir, (11 of 3) Making haste. Doing anything
before the ordinary time. Setting out before day-break. Causing
one to rise early. First-fruits.
A s tabkt, (11 of t) Cutting in pieces. Departing.
A J.K. tabkil, (11 of J) Mixing. Mixture.
A J-5 tabl (from JJ), Weakening, making sick. Afflicting,
wasting, destroying. Seasoning with herbs and spices. Hatred.
Weakness. Sickness.
r Jj tabal, A wrinkle, a fold, a plait.
A J Tubal, Name of a valley in Yaman.
* -- tablb, The membrane enclosing the date.
Pe tablad, A wooden prop for shoring up a wall.
A Jl tabalbul, (11 of J 9) Being confounded (tongues).
Eating up clean all before him (a camel). -
A. g-
taballuj, (v of*) Dawning. Laughing. Moving.
A. :
taballuh, (w of * ) Being fatigued, wearied, tired.
A 2- taballukh, (w of *) Being proud, supercilious.
3 A 2
 -
c 364
P J tablakhi, (equivalent to J talkhi) Bitterness.
A Mjtabalud, (v of MA) Shewing stupidity, dulness. Wring
ing the hands from grief. Turning the palms of the hands out
wards. Wavering, fluctuating, being irresolute. Astonishment.
Falling on the ground. Coming into an uninhabited region.
Taking possession of another's country.
A c tabalduh, (11 of c q) Breaking one's promise.
P *} J tab-larzah, The paroxysm of a fever. An ague-fit.
A -- tabalsum, (11 of * Q) Keeping silence (from fear).
A U43 taballus, (v of L*) Cropping a field quite bare (cat
tle). Asking (anything) privately. Coveting, desiring.
a Ja- tabaisuk, (11 of G-2, o] Asking (any thing) pri
vately. Studying to contract an alliance.
A $ tabligh, A rope communicating with the hand of the
drawer of water, and with the rope of the water-bucket.
A t taballugh, (v of t) Arriving. Studying to attain.
Having enough. Being content. Growing worse (a disease).
P J-- tablunistan, (in ancient Persian) To break.
A & taballuh, (v of ~3) Behaving simply. Being ignorant.
Straying without a guide, or enquiring the way.
a & tabliat, (11 of J) Consuming, wearing. Causing
to put on. Tying a camel to the grave of her deceased master.
A ** tablih, (11 of *)
Failing. Being enfeebled.
A * tablid, (11 of Ali) Throwing one's self upon the ground.
Being careless, sluggish, or forgetful. Being covetous. Being
without rain (clouds). Refusing to proceed (a horse).
AU-4- tablis, (11 of J4) Receiving all, leaving nothing.
Ala, tablit, (11 of al.) Paving with stones. Being fatigued.
Striking (the ear with the fore-finger, so as to cause pain).
A t tablft, (11 of s) Turning grey (the hair). Causing
to swallow, pouring down the throat.
A ** tabligh, (11 of t) Causing to arrive. Sending (let
ters, or compliments). Relaxing the reins. Possible to rea
son and experience. A conspicuous place in the Turkish mosques,
occupied by certain of the priesthood, whose attitudes and move
ments during the hour of worship, the people watch and imitate.
A Jj tablil, (11 of J. balla) Making very wet.
A ** tablim, (11 of *) Rendering deformed.
Aer, tibn or tabn, Straw. <--zer; tibn-i makkah, An odori
ferous bull-rush. Tibn, A noble generous lord or master. A
capacious bowl (for twenty men). A wolf. Tabn (from cs),
Feeding (cattle) with straw. Selling straw. Taban (from Jr.),
Looking attentively. Being intelligent, penetrating.
Per tubun, A salt, brackish, unfruitful place.
p > tabn, (in ancient Persian) Straw.
P J tubnan, Trowsers, long drawers.
A 3-5 tibnat, A bit of straw, a single straw.
A g tabannuj, (w of **) Pretending to a noble origin.
ra-i-J tabanjah, A slap, a blow, a cuff, a kick.
3-3
T **i. tabanchah, A pistol.
P & 5 taband, Deceit, fraud. A cheat.
r_<5 tabandar, The bar of a door.
P s tabindah, Shining, resplendent.
P << tabank, A baker or confectioner's tray. A tambou.
rine. A shrill tinkling sound. A plump boy.
r r tubnak, A crucible. A mould. A small window.
A << tabannuk, (v of J.K.) Remaining in one place.
*K- tabankar, A baker's tray.
r & tabankah, A baker's tray. An oven.
*:::: tabangu, A wicker-basket. A chest. A canister. A
barber's case of instruments. A money-till.
P ** tabanguy, A baker's tray. A chest of drawers.
A Tabna', Name of a place in Syria.
A J tabanni, (v of ) Adopting or calling one son.
A & tabniyat, (11 of ) Building much and well.
A G-j tabnit, (11 of G- not in use) Asking, enquiring
diligently. Telling (another) the whole of what one knows.
A ** tabnj, (11 of) Giving (any one) henbane (& banj)
to eat. Piping from its nest (a partridge).
a U-5 tabnis, (11 of J) Lagging, staying behind.
A L; tabnish, (11 of U-4) Being slack, remiss.
A c, tabnik, (11 of G) Standing in one place. Drawing
together and finishing off (a discourse). Inventing (a lie).
Making raw (the back with a whip). Putting (anything) round
the neck. Enlarging (a shirt). Making (a quiver) wide attop
and narrow at bottom.
A f tabnik, (11 of J & not in use) Meeting and telling
one another what is said and done at home (as gossiping girls).
A crs tabnin, (11 of c banna) Tying up a sheep to fatten.
Name of a citadel near Ptolemais. -
A 3-5 tabw (from 3-5), Fighting. Plundering.
P r Tab, A country where, the Muhammadans say, there is
a mill built by the prophet Jonah : to which if one says, Move,
if you love Jonah, it immediately moves, and stops, in the same
manner, by virtue of the prophet's name. CASTELLUs.
A 9-5 tabawwu-a, (v of) Taking possession of, inhabiting (a
country). Becoming master of (a house). Obtaining (a wife).
A r tabbub, A desert, a dangerous place.
A -->5 tabawwub, (v of ~x) Making; being made porter.
A gd tabawwuj, (v ofr?) Flashing (lightning). Coruscat."
A <e: tabdak (also <\;= tablisak), One who sells the
livers, gizzards, &c. of fowls.
P v: taburak, A drum, a tabor, a tambourin. A drum
beaten to drive away the birds. A baker's tray. A siewe, a
searce. A robust, handsome youth.
A L; tabawwush, (v of J) Being mixed together (men).
A 2.5 tabawicut, (v of 3) Being measured with a pole or
perch. Making wide steps.
a v \ &: tabbittu'sh' shams, The wind of the sun (which
 -

365 &-->
es
t
*

blows in some countries from the east at sun-rise, and follows the
sun in his course through every point of the compass).
A : tabawwugh, (v of 3) Boiling (blood). Conquering.
A U-5 tabawwuk, (v of J) Attacking the flock (a murrain).
r tabk or tubk, A large platter, tray, or dish.
a 1%, Tabk, Name of a place between Syria and Madina.
a J tubul, (pl. of Jjtabl) Hatreds. Enmities. Sicknesses.
A Jj tabawwul, (v of Jr.) Making water.
A r tabwib, (11 of ~x) Making a door. Dividing (a
book) into chapters.
A & tabwi-at, (11 of;) Bringing back. Preparing a ha
bitation. Receiving hospitably. Coming to a place (intending
there to dwell). Levelling (a spear at any one).
A Jjtabwish, (11 of U.) Being mixed, jumbled together.
A Lrd tabwis, (11 of Je) Bearing the fruit called Jew bus.
Being large, protuberant (the hips). Being clear, transparent.
A &* tabwi-a, Bringing back. Receiving hospitably.
* * tabah, Savoury meat, delicately dressed. Putrid, rotten.
A 8-r tabit (fem. , tabitat), A follower. A calf one
year old, still following the mother. A creditor. The bull's
eye, the star Ad'dabarn. A defender, an assistant. Diligently
searching, urgently asking.
A *::: tabayyugh, (v of **) Being intricate, confused (bu
siness). Overcoming. Boiling (blood). Abounding (milk).
r & tabkah, A baker's instrument.
p ars tabilah, A fruit-basket. A baker's instrument.
A c, tabayyun, (v of c Being distinct. Making clear.
P & tabinah, (equiv. to r tabibah) A cobweb. A spider.
a?: tabayyu-a, (v of w) Purposing, resolving upon.
A U-try tabayhus, (11 of vt q) Walking pompously.
a & r tabyi-at, (11 of *) Explaining, expounding.
A c-r tabytt, (II of c-w) Invading or surprising (an
enemy) in the night-time. Doing any thing at night, convers
ing, meditating, lucubrating. Considering, weighing, measur
ing, deciding justly. Barking (a palm-tree). Predestination.
A ** tabyih, (11 of z) Cutting, dividing (meat) into small

Dispersed, destroyed. Corruption, ruin. An old man. portions. Entrusting with a secret.
A g tabahhuj, (v of g) Being cheerful, joyous; rejoicing. A Crs tabyish, (11 of Lr not in use) (God) making any
Aji: tabahhur, (v of,8) Being filled. Being bright (a cloud). one of a fair countenance.

P sy & tabah-ra-y, Of a depraved understanding.
A vte tabahrus, (11 of Lve q) Strutting, looking big.
A t- tabahrum, (11 of Q) Being red, sandy (the hair).
Prt, tabahrah, Savoury meat, much or delicately stewed.
A Lts tabahhush, (v of U+4) Assembling, meeting.
PJS &J tabah-kr, A criminal, an offender.
A Ji tabahhul, Study, labour, effort, exertion.
Ave. tabahlus, (11 of U-4 q) Coming from any quarter separated (a divorced woman from her husband). Producing,
naked and destitute of every thing.
A Lt- tabahlus, (11 of J44; 2) Pulling off clothes, undress
"g Bearing any thing impatiently, brooking ill.
* G tabahluk, (ii of Glt, a) Lying. A lie, a falshood.
A * tabahhum, (v of **) Being doubtful. Being concealed.
A vir tabyiz, (11 of Lir) Making white. Filling (a vessel)
with milk and water. Evacuating, emptying.
A trs tabyigh, (11 of **) Remaining behind, or going off
with (another). Leading along with one.
A crrs tabyn, (11 of J) Separating. Giving (a daughter)
in marriage. Illustrating, declaring, making clear. Appear
ing evident. Budding, shooting forth (a horn, a plant). Being
performing, paying. Delaying.
r tap, Fever, heat, ardour. Perturbation, disquietude,
restlessness. Je.-- tap-i dikk, A hectic fever, consumption,
P "; tapk, Uneasiness of mind and body. Indulgence.
P J tapn, (part. of Jr tapidan) Bearing earth.

P *\; tapnchah, A blow, a box. A billow, a wave.

**** tabahnus, (11 of Lc Q) Walking with a strut.
A t tabhiyat, (11 of s) Enlarging, widening (a tent). re tapynidan, To cause to tremble.
A Q-rj tabhit, (11 of c-4.) Astonishing, surprizing. P & taprah, A kettle-drum.
A t tabhij, (11 of **) Making joyful. Beautifying. H x; Taprah, The country called Tiparah in India.
*** tabhim, (ii of **) Weaning. Staying in a place. rej & taprah-zan, A player on the kettle-drum.
P tabi, Astitched turban. A thick hood. A short cloak. p L, tapish, A swoon, a fainting-fit from heat.
P <& tapak, Favour, friendship. A sledge-hammer,
P tabyzah, A fewer. An enlargement of the spleen.
A J tibyan (from Jr.), Appearing distinct. Making clear. P J tapakchi, A head accountant.
"yin or tilyn, A declaration, a manifesto. p & tapanchah, (for *** tapnchah) A box, a slap.
* ~ * tabib, Harm, hurt. Death. Destruction. r & tapang, Afat, plump, firm-fleshed boy. A tray. A
** tabibah, A spider's web. crucible. A window. Tupang, A crucible.
"J tabidan, To tremble. To bore, to perforate. To P *: tapang (and & tapangah), A chest. A casket. A
**m with fire. To redden, to blush. See also c, tapidan. case for a barber's instruments. A granary, a magazine. A till,
** tabir (or s tabirah), A drum, a kettle-drum. A large A common sewer. A crucible.
pipe, flute, or hautbois. In pieces. A mixen, a dunghill. P & tappah, A high hill. A frontlet of pearls.
 _ 366
rej, tapidan, To be in great agitation. To grow hot.
To totter, to stumble. To palpitate, to be restless, uneasy (from
indisposition). To be worth (its) price. To lay a snare.
A ** tatbut, (v1 of 83) Continuation, Doing any thing
in uninterrupted succession (falling into misfortune, stumbling, a
drunken man). Moving to and fro (a camel's shoulder in walking).
ry Tatar, A Tartar. Tartary. Successively.
p <-- tatarchah, A kind of arrow. A sort of dart.
A %. tataruk, (VI of %) Quitting, leaving off (business).
r l. Tatari, Tartarian. Scythian.
A sl tatlue, (vi of 8-15) Walking erect (from pride).
A J tatal, (v1 of ) Following in continued succession. tutuk-i sipahr-gun, A blue veil. A saucer made of lapis lazula.
A.* tatamm, (v1 of * tamma) Being finished, completed. J- tutuk-i nili, The sky. A black cloud.
Coming and drinking (the whole of them). Being in full tale.
A c- tatawun, (v1 of ex) Distinguishing clearly (the road).
A ** tatayut, (v1 of 87) Rushing headlong (into mis
chief). Shaking in walking (a camel's shoulder). Rising up.
Carrying away (dust, or leaves, as the wind).
A sa tatabbut, (w of 83) Searching diligently, examining,
exploring. Following. Imitating.
A C-2-5 tathib, (11 of e-j tabba) Injuring, destroying.
A r, tattir, (11 of r) Breaking in pieces. Ruining.
A 8- tathie, (ii of 8) Seeking, inquiring diligently.
A c, tattn, (11 of er) Fixing the eye and the mind on
anything, perceiving clearly. Being intelligent, skilful, shrewd.
A ** tatahtuh, (11 of q) Being moved.
A 2; Tatar, A Tartar, a Scythian. Tartary.
ry. tatra, (in ancient Persian) Summer.
A tatarrub, (w of ~}) Being soiled, strewed with dust.
Being covered with earth, being buried.
r x2' tatrab (tatarbu or f tatrabuh), Elegance, grace
fulness. Jesting, jocularity.
Aj, tatartur, (11 of 5; 2) Being agitated. Staggering.
A c_* tatarruh, (v of cy) Being grieved, made sad.
A U-2 tatarrus, (v of U,) Being armed with a shield.
A & P tatarrut, (v of & F) Rushing headlong (to evil).
A tatarru, (v of 39) Being affluent, enjoying plenty.
re, tatrnatan, (in anc. Pers.) To rain. (BURHAN.)
p s tatrah, Drollery, buffoonery, jocularity. A leathern
pitcher for drinking water. Tatrah (or 5 tatri) Sumach, for
tanning hides, also a species for eating.
A $2.5 tatra', Singly, one after another.
res,-, tatari, Tartarian. 525,85 kulh-i tatari, A Tar
tarian cap (worn by great men).
A C-2.5 tatrib, (II of ~5) Strewing, soiling, with dust or
earth. Having enough. Having little wealth.
A tatrih, (11 of z_P) Making sad, melancholy.
a vj, tatris, (11 of Le not in use) Arming one's self, or
causing another to arm with a shield.
J
--
A Jj, tatris, (11 of J) Confirming, ratifying, levelling.
A s tatria, (11 of & F) Shutting (the door).
t A : tatri, (11 of 55) Unnerving, seducing, ruining.
r $325 titrik, Sumach.
A J& tatal, titfal, tutfal, titil, and tutful, A fox. A fox's
whelp. Tatul, Withering shrubs.
A Ji tatafful, (v of J) Flattering, wheedling, caressing.
A Q-ir talf f, (11 of -i taffa, not in use) Pronouncing pho!
fie! with a tone of detestation.
P G tutuk, A veil, a curtain. A kind of net-work in tents
for keeping off gnats. The coats of an onion. c- -C
A G tataktuk, (11 of G q) Being fallen from a moun
tain. Being downcast, fixed upon the breast (eyes).
A castatkin, (11 of e not in use) Watering (the earth)
with a slimy kind of water.
A s- tatallut, (v of t) Extending the neck, or raising the
head to see or hear any thing.
P J- tatl, The leech-plant.
A J- tatalli, (v of J) Following. Dunning.
A &l= tatliyat, (11 of J) Dunning. Repeating superero.
gatory prayers in discharge of a vow. Fetching the last breath.
A sl tatlid, (11 of AJ) Collecting. Obstructing, hindering
A U-12' tatlis, (11 of J2j not in use) Making smooth, soft.
P * tutum or tutm, A gourd. Sumach, an herb.
rv tatm, (in ancient Persian) A bear.
A -\ tatammt, (pl. of &c., tatammat) Supplements.
pr- tutmj, Thin slices of paste, vermicelli.
A & tatammat, Completion. An appendix, a supplement.
re-citatmitan, (in ancient Persian) A jackall.
A ~~ tatammum, (v of * tamma) Unclosing itself, appea"
ing (a fracture). Walking with pain from a broken-bone.
A 2 tatmir, (11 of 23) Ripening, becoming a tamr (*
green date -- rutab). Bearing ripe dates (a palm-tree).
Feeding with ripe dates. Drying (meat and fresh dates).
A. tatmim, (11 of * tamma) Completing, accomps
Satisfying. Giving (to another) his share at dice. Consuming.
Destroying. Hastening to dispatch (a wounded man). Tying
an amulet round the neck (of a child). Opening, becoming ap
parent (a fracture).
A * tatannukh, (w of **) Sojourning. Commoran.
P = <5 tatang (or -- tatnak), A mould for casting metal.
A 3.5-5 tattribat, (from c, Repenting, turning from sin (to
God). Turning, becoming gracious (as God to man).
A z tatawwuj, (v of z) Being crowned.
A tattvj, (11 of zy) Crowning.
A 45.5 tattvih, (11 of 855) Ruining. Astonishing, astounding:
rus titi, Gingerbread-figures for the amusement of children.

s 367
Aj-i tatayyuz, (w of j) Being turned (out of one's path).
Desiring, feeling a strong propensity to.
A t tatayyut, (V of 8:5) Rushing headlong into evil.
Shaking (his) shoulders in travelling (a camel). Carrying away
(as the wind, dust, leaves, &c.).
A U-5 tatyis, (11 of v) Training, breaking in (a horse).
A ** tatyim, (II of **) Enslaving (as love).
A 4-5 tatyh, (11 of 4:5) Bewildering, confounding.
A-s tasa-ub, (v1 of ~) Being dronish, sluggish.
AA's tasabur, (v1 of ~3) Rushing one upon another.
A. tasa-su-a, (II of Q) Fearing, standing in dread of.
Purposing to travel, and then judging it best to stay at home.
A-, tasiku, (vi of -) Darting one at another.
AJS. tasikul, (v1 of J) Being heavy and slow. Being
loth (to perform), abstaining from.
Aej tasawun, (v1 of e;) Lying in wait, looking left and
right for prey. Craft, cunning.
A -- tasabbut, (v of c-) Being fixed, established. Set
tling (any where). Delaying. Paying, performing.
Ac tasabbun, (v of c) Putting any thing in a purse, or
pocket. Carrying with both hands.
A*, tasbiyat, (11 of :-) Collecting. Persevering in any
thing. Praising the living. Complaining of one's circumstances
and of want. Gathering what is good; also what is bad. Cor
recting, amending. Augmenting. Finishing. Extolling, mag
nifying. Making one's self ready. (Golius.) Imploring help
against an enemy. (KAMUs.)
A -- tasbit, (ii of -) Establishing, fixing. Detaining
in any place. Being constant, assiduous.
A ** tasbj, (11 of g) Confounding (speech or writing);
not easily understanding them. Holding a stick behind the back,
thus keeping the arms pinioned (as shepherds do when walking).
Sitting on one's hams.
A r tasbir, (11 of ~) Restraining, prohibiting.
A * tasbit, (11 of H.) IIindering, turning one away (from
business). Rendering careless, indifferent; also anxious, wistful. adhering to its sides (a leathern milk-bottle).
A * tasattum, (v of **) Obscenity. Being rent (a vest).
Falling in pieces (meat over-boiled). Falling in (a well).
*::: tasajsuj, (11 of Q) Flowing (as water).
Arist tasjir, (11 of ,-) Enlarging, encreasing, amplifying.
A cl tasdin, (11 of ex) Making fleshy, filling up the flesh.
A S-A tasrib, (11 of ~5) Chiding, blaming. Folding.
A A tasriyat, (11 of -55) Moistening. Sprinkling (a place).
Mixing up paste. Knocking down. Putting on a fur-garment.
A * A tasrid, (11 of 95) Slaying a sheep without cutting the
jugular veins. Being carried from the field of battle wounded.
Af. A tasrir, (11 of sarra) Wetting, moistening.
A * tasatum, (11 of q) Prevailing against in
* words.
A sl tasti, (11 of t) Breaking.
A * tasatum, (v of **) Delighting, pleasing.
!
*
-
_>
Ala, tastit, (11 of laxi) Pounding small.
A -j tasaghghub, (v of -*) Bleeding profusely (gums).
A J tasaffi, (v of J) Interposing obstacles to (a man's)
achieving deeds of renown (the meanness of his birth).
A & tasiyat, (11 of J) Underpropping (a pot or kettle).
A & tasid, (II of a;) Lining (a coat of mail).
Aj, tasir, (11 of, 3) Stimulating, impelling, driving.
A J tasil, (11 of J) Eating frumenty.
A -j tasakkub, (v of ) Being perforated. Being
worm-eaten (leather). Being kindled. Perforating. Kindling.
A_i : tasakkur, A wavering, a fluctuation. Fear, terror.
A - task?b, (II of --) Piercing repeatedly. Light
ing (a fire). Becoming conspicuous (grey hairs). Shooting
forth (the thistle called ** tarfaj).
A is a taski, (11 of -i.) Making (a spear) straight.
A Ji-, taskil, (11 of J) Overloading. Calling heavy.
A J-5 tast, A species of sweet herb.
A J tasallul, (v of J. salla) Being overthrown (a house).
A ~~ tasallum, (v of ) Being notched (a sword-blade).
A tas/7b, (11 of ~9) Becoming toothless (a camel).
A -- tasis, (11 of ~13) Dividing into three parts. Tre
bling. Making triangular. Asserting to be three. Professing
(ones self) a trinitarian. Ripening the third part (of a date).
Coming in third (a horse). Compounding an electuary called
---, musallas. The Trinity. A trine (an aspect of the
planets). ~|~! ex') alka-iluna bit taslis, Trinitarians.
A t- taslkh, (11 of *)
Anointing, staining, soiling.
A taslim, (11 of ) Nipping, notching very much.
A * tasam sum, (11 of * Q) Retiring, receding. Waiting.
A Ja: tasammul, (v of Ja) Assisting, furnishing with food.
Managing the affairs of one's relations. Eating. Drinking off.
A z tasmir, (11 of P Gathering fruit (for cattle). Pro
ducing the first appearance of fruit (a tree). Growing rich.
Increasing (wealth). Multiplying. Having particles of butter
A J tasml, (11 of Ja) Leaving (something) at the bot
tom of a vessel or cistern. Cleaning, cleansing, clearing out.
A tasm?m, (II of:
samma) Bruising, breaking, tram
pling upon. Breaking again a bone that had been set.
A cr tasmin, (11 of e) Making eight. Being eight-fold.
A Us: tasann?, (v of us.) Being bent, folded. Being dou
bled. Stooping much in walking.
-- - Turning towards.
A 3.5 tasniyat, (11 of J) Making two, doubling. Putting
in the dual number. Marking a letter with two points, as cta
or f y. Imputing, ascribing. Praising. Disparaging, de
faming. Walking pompously. The dual number.
Als tasnit, (11 of axi) Cleaving. Separating.
A --> tasawwub, (v of ~x) Going over the prayers a se
cond time, and so deserving a reward.
 \-45
Aj, tasawwur, (v of J}) Being in commotion. Boiling.
Making an assault or an effort.
A J tasawwul, (v of J}) Getting the better of Insulting,
reproaching, striking. Being fruitful (woman).
368 <3
A Jl tajlus, (vi of U-4-) Sitting together. A session.
A J tajlul, (v1 of J-jalla) Disdaining. Carrying one's
self haughtily, playing the great man.
A J tajali, (v1 of 12-) Disclosing to one another.

A -j taswib, (11 of ~}) Recompensing, rewarding. A s tajlid, A body, a person, a shape.

Calling to prayers at dawn of day. Returning. Conjugal inter A J tajnn, (v1 of e-janna) Appearing mad, furious.
course. The stated time of prayer (after which they are con A --~\ tajnub, (v1 of var) Receding, avoiding. Shun

sidered as supererogatory and meritorious). ning.

A &: tasiriyat, (11 of Detaining. Receiving hospitably.
A -ij tajnu, (v1 of &-) Declining, deviating,
A 25% taswir, (11 of y) Exciting (rebellion), raising (dust), ej tajnun, (v1 of e-janna) Appearing mad, furious.
A

obliging to rise (camels). Examining, scrutinizing (the Kur'n a j tajnu-a, (vi of t Falling flat upon.
to discover its true meaning). Augmenting (any thing). A&\ Tajniyat, Name of a barbarous nation.
A J tasy, Peeled fruit of a dwarf palm-tree. A date-husk.
A c tajwub, (v1 of ~3-) Answering one another.
A Q- tasyib, (11 of ~~) Separating (husband and wife). Aytajvur, (vi of 9-) Being neighbours; neighbourhood.
r \ taj, Rough, sharp, cutting. Aj tajwuz, (v1 of 53-) Exceeding, transgressing (just
a -atijb, What is extracted the first time by smelting, bounds). Passing by. Forgiving a fault. Outrage, insolence.
from the silver stone, some silver still remaining. A J tajwul, (v1 of J.-) Going round one another.

A&\tijbat, A part of that mass.

A Js tajs, (v1 of -) Sitting with joined knees.
A :- taja-ju-a, (11 of t-t- Q) Repelling. Retreating
from timidity. Finishing. Fearing.
A i-l tajhu, (v1 of -isr) Fencing with foils or sticks.
Playing at fives.
A t tajdu, (v1 of ***) Fighting, opposing one ano
ther, litigating, squabbling. Devouring one another.
A Jela tajdul, (v1 of J-) Litigating, quarrelling. feign ignorance, to play the simpleton.
Aj. tajwiz, A kind of striped garment.
A i tajwf, (pl. of -ij tajwif) Cavities, hollows.
A * tajh or tujah, Opposite. clsu tajhaka, In op
position to you, opposite to, or before your face.
A s tajhud, (vi of Aix-) Labouring hard, accomplishing
or procuring with difficulty.
A JS tajhul, (vi of J-) Pretending ignorance. C
nivance, apathy, indifference. P J Js tajahul kardan, To
-

A s tajzub, (v1 of c-) Pulling one another about.

A -\tijbb, A vein of silver conspicuous in a mineral stone.
Contending together. Being pulled, hauled, dragged. A - tajahjub, (11 of -- 9) Drying (strips of meat)
a s tajz, (v1 of s-) Lifting with both hands. in the open air. Stuffing a maw or tripe with meat and fat.
p_\f tajr, A thorough-bred, unbroken colt. A well-paced A r tajabbur, (v of r-) Being haughty, contumacious,
horse. (in ancient Persian) Travelling. Putting forth leaves (a tree). Beginning to look fresh (a field
A j tijr or tuijar, (pl. of 2-9 tjir) Merchants; vintners. which had been grazed close).
A cl tajrib, (pl. of & A tajribat) Experiments, proofs. A vtajabbus, (v of U--) Walking pompously.

A j tijrat, Merchandize, commerce. j ,-\s as A J tajabbun, (v of c-) Coagulating, curdling (milk).

hb-itijarat, Merchants. re ctijratkardan, To trade.
P *A* tajrah, A colt not yet broke in.
A 45y tajri, (v1 of 5,--) Conversing; meeting; agreeing.
A tajarid, (pl. of -s tajrd) Detachments sent out.
A tajz,(v1 of 55--) Entreating earnestly (a person
to do any thing). Demanding payment of a debt.
A_\ tajsr, (v1 of ,--) Straining every nerve. Con
tending, striving. Boldness, firmness, intrepidity. Exertion.
A Je tajtul, (v1 of Ja-) Fixing a price or reward.
A j tajf, (v1 of ji-) Being separated, distant. Being
incongruous, ill-adapted, not fitting close (as a saddle). Leaning
to one side. Taking no care of one's property.
A c--: tajbib, (11 of - jabba) Being terrified. Flying
(from battle). Having the legs white as far as the knee (**)
a & tajbiyat, (ii of -) Bending forward the body.
Ayr tajbir, (11 ofJ-) Restoring, setting (a broken bone).
Repairing the broken fortune (of a friend). Conferring favours.
A err tajbin, (11 of cr-) Imputing, attributing to punk
lanimity. Making, calling, or knowing one to be, a coward.
A rtajbih, (11 of 3-) Receiving ungraciously. Treat
ing with contempt. Turning away the head.
A Js tajahful, (11 of J:sr o) Being assembled (men).
A rsf- tajhir, (11 of, sr) Enlarging a well.
-

a Cil tajf, (pl. of -3\tiifa) Horse-armours. A **** tajhiz, (11 of asr) Regarding stedfastly.
A J tajll, (v1 of J-jalla) Making one's self great.
A Jsef tajhil, (11 of Jer) Dashing (him) to the ground.
a Ju tajlud, (v1 of el-) Fighting, fencing. Striking
. A *** tajhim, (11 of ***) Looking with fixed attention.
one another upon the shield.
 _5=9 369 c-
A e-s takin, (11 of csr) Keeping on short allowance. A ** tajarrum, (v of -) Being completed (as a year).

A g tajakhjukh, (11 org Q) Calling out, proclaim Passing, elapsing (a night). Charging with a crime falsely.
Ajvtajarmuz, (11 of > 0) Passing by (as the night).
ing aloud. Keeping one's thoughts to oneself. Entering into Rushing upon (any one).
the greater part of any thing. Throwing prostrate. Being A * tajarru-a, (v of: -) Being intrepid, audacious.
loose, languid. Being very dark (the night). A *A* tajarruh, (v of s-), Being made public.
A J tajakhkh, (v of Jr) Perfuming one's self. Be
A Q-j tajrb, (11 of -2,-) Proving, trying, assaying.
ing overturned (a flaggon, a rundlet). A & As tajri-at, (11 of A-) Inspiring with hardiness.
A i.s tajkhiyat, (11 of J) Inclining (one's person or A * >" tajriyat, (11 of 5,-) Appointing an attorney.
any thing else). Declining (the night). A *A* tajr?h, (11 of c >) Wounding dangerously.
A -- tajaddub, (v of ~~~~) Being barren from drought. A *A* tajrd, (11 of 92-) Stripping. Divesting. Drawing,
Being without produce (ground). Being without rain (clouds). unsheathing (a sword). Taking (money) out of one's purse.
A ex tajaddud, (v of x-jadda) Being new. Innovation, Lopping the smaller branches (leaving the trunk naked). Strip
novelty. Being destitute of milk (the udder). ping off bark. Going alone on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Send
A&A tajdd, (11 of A-jadda) Renewing. Making new. ing out a detachment. Separation. Solitude. Celibacy.
Cutting away a camel's udder. Weaving a garment of many AAA* tajrr, (11 of 2-jarra) Drawing much and well.
U AA* Renewing garments, getting new clothes.
colours. A J-> tajris, (11 of U,) Proving, trying. Speaking.
P J s A To renew friendship. --~~~ : *** A *A* tajrit, (11 of & A-) Causing one to drink (water).
c tajdido marammat kardan, To repair, to mend. Making one to forget (grief, cares, or anger).
Aj tajdr, (11 of y-) Being attacked by the small-pox. A -,+ tajri, A-) Carrying away every thing.
(11 of
As tajdi, (11 of 89-) Mutilating (in the hand, nose, Carrying away a part of the land with it (a torrent). Pouring
ear, or lip). Wishing evil to any one by saying c- jadean, out well. Cutting through the deep (a ship).
i. e. May thy hands, nose, ear, or lip be cut off! A ** tajrim, (11 of **) Cutting much. Amercing.
A f tajdf, (11 of -3.x-) Being ungrateful for the bles A: & As tajrh, (11 of 32-) Publishing, making manifest.

sings of Providence; blaspheming whilst enjoying them. A}}< tajazzu-a, (w of j-) Having enough, being contented.
A J tajdl, (11 of Ja-) Levelling with the ground. Being divided in parts.
Az tajzir, (11 of 93-) Eradicating, extirpating. The A & tajzi-at, (11 of j-) Dividing, distributing. Having
produce of any number multiplied by itself (in arithmetic).
enough. Being satisfied with one instead of another. Satisfying,
A** tajzim, (11 of *3-) Amputating, mutilating. contenting.
s
Enriching.
g Fixing
->
a handle on an awl or a knife.
*A* tajara, (fut. As, yatjuru) He traded. A sj tajz78, (11 of & P-) Cutting in pieces (meat). Being
AA* tajr, (from ,-) Trading. Tajr or tujur, (pl. of 2-9
tajir) Merchants. Wine-merchants. almost ripe (green dates called 2-, busr).
A -j-tasim, (11 of ^j-) Filling (a bottle). Being pusil
*A* tajar, Winter-quarters. A pantry, a buttery.
lanimous and impotent. Being silent.
A&A tajribat, An experiment, a proof. Experience, assay.
re *A* To try, prove, hazard, make an experiment. A *-*tajassud, (v of ~~) Assuming a body. Incarnation.
PJS *A* tajribah-kr, Versed in business. An experienced A v-ttajassus, (v of U-jassa) Searching carefully, exa
agent. Jy J% *A* Experienced in worldly affairs. mining. Exploring, playing the spy. Curiosity, inquisitiveness.
****A* tajribah-kr, Experience in business. A - tajassum, (v of -) Becoming incarnate. Being
*** tajarsum, (11 of - q) Being collected, assembled. large-bodied. Choosing from amongst (other men). Going
A ** tajarjum, (11 of-A- Q)
Crouching wild beast).
(a directly to the person or thing itself. Proposing to one's self, and
- A 95tajarrud, (v of 9,2-) Being drawn out, exposed. Giv undertaking some mighty achievement. Choosing a spot of land
ing intense application. Celibacy. ,-\s Pilgrims to near a certain tract of country. Mastering the most difficult part
Mecca, who do not accompany the caravan. Monks. Bachelors. (of any business). Ascending the steepest part of a mountain.
*e tajarrud-guzin, Choosing solitude, i. e. A recluse. A -*tajsim, (11 of --) Making large-bodied.
**** ** tajarrud-manshi, Liberation, liberty, freedom. A s-rtajashshut, (v oft---) Being covetous, full of desire.
Av tjarrus, (v of v-) Speaking. Singing. A** tajashshum, (v of +) Labouring hard.
A&A" tajarrut, (v of & P-) Swallowing, devouring. Drink A}< tajashshu-a, (v of t-) Eructing, belching.
ing draughts of liquor. Mitigating anger, having patience. A rtajshir, (11 of A-) Emptying (a vessel). Leading
- A tajarru, (v of -5,-) Carrying away much. Sweep
(horses) out to pasture, so that they do not return home at night,
"g clean. Losing flesh (a ram). A ** tajshim, (11 of ~~) Labouring hard at.
3 B
 U-3
A Jara tajsis, (11 of La- jassa, not in use) Plastering,
whitewashing (a house). Opening its eyes (a whelp).
A ritajassum, (v of --) Snatching with the mouth.
A Lard" tajziz, (11 of U2-jazza) Going at a quick pace.
A - tajattub, (v of x-)'Being thrown on the ground.
A tajatbi, (11 of J- 0) Being thrown prostrate.
A. *** tajaeum, (ii of-a- Q) Being drawn together.
A -** tajatjuk, (11 of 8-sr o) Throwing one's self upon
the ground from excess of grief.
A x tajataud, (v of Ax-) Being curled (locks or beard).
Being drawn together.
Aja tajattur, (v of A-) Fastening a rope round the waist,
when going down into a well.
A *** tajatam, (v of ***) Greedily desiring meat (a man),
provender (a camel), a bone (a dog). Having no appetite (a
man). Speaking thickly through a wide throat.
A **** tajad, (11 of Ax-) Curling (the hair).
A su tiff, The armour of a horse; also of a soldier.
A ci tajafjuf (II of is r q) Drying (a garment) so
that still some moisture remains.
A tajaffur, (vof ji-) Becoming four months old (a kid).
A -i, tajaffu, (v of -i- jaffa) Being dried (a garment).
A Jia tajafful, (v of C-) Ruffling his feathers (a cock).
A s taifiyat, (11 of 3-) Injuring. Causing to vex.
A c taiff, (11 of --jaffa) Drying properly (a gar
ment). Casing in armour (a horse, or a soldier). Covering (the
eggs) with her wings (a bird sitting).
A er taiin, (11 of c-) Indulging much in venery.
A. -* tajalluh, (v of -a-) Making a clamour or murmur.
A J tajaljul, (11 of J- 9) Travelling across (a coun
try). Being moved, agitated. Putting one's self in motion or
agitation. Being shaken. Tumbling down.
A Ma tajallud, (v of M-) Being stubborn, obstinate, stern.
Contending, grappling with. Sturdiness. Agility.
A Ja tajallus, (v of J-4-) Sitting dowu, sitting (as judges
in the determining of causes).
Ac tajalluk, (v of G-) Opening (the mouth), laughing.
A J tajallul, (w of J-jalla) Becoming superior (in dig
nity). Taking what is greatest and most illustrious. Being
magnified. Being clad, arrayed. Sitting on horseback.
A tajalli, (v of 3-) Being revealed, discovered (as
God to man). An apparition with splendour. The Epiphany.
Lustre, brightness, brilliancy. Js") are tidu't tajalli, The
feast of the Epiphany. *** J tajalla' kuddamahum, He
transfigured himself before them. r c J tajalli kardan,
To illuminate. To polish, to adorn. To illustrate, make plain.
A cl tajalliyt, (pl. of tajall.) Beatific visions.
A --~~ tajlb, (II of --) Crying out, raising a clamour.
Carrying together, collecting.
370 c
A. tajliyat, (II of 3-) Polishing. Explaining (one's
thoughts), revealing, declaring. Looking with an eagle's eye.
Coming in first (a horse).
A t tajlih, (II of 2-)
Making a great effort. Giving
undivided attention to any thing. Springing, bounding (a wild
beast). Browsing on the tops of shrubs (a camel).
A s tajid, (11 of Al-) Pulling off the skin (from the
body of a slaughtered camel). Binding (a book) in leather,
Aj tajliz, (II ofj-) Binding, folding or wrapping round
in order to strengthen. Laying or letting down. Extending.
Removing. Pulling off, carrying away. The flowing of the
sea. An abscess. A halbert, a pole-ax.
A-i tajli, (11 of C-) Being fatal, destructive (year).
A J tajlil, (11 of J- jalla) Being common, general,
universal. Covering (a horse) with cloth. Enveloping. Calling,
taking to one's self.
A --- tajamjum (II of c- Q) Speaking low, muttering.
A< tajammud, (v of ~~~) Congelation, concretion.
A P tajammur, (v of re-) Being kept long in an enemy's
country without fighting (an army). Being imprisoned. As
sembling, meeting (people). Going at a quick pace (a camel).
A t tajammut, (v of 5-4-) Being collected carefully.
Being assembled from all quarters. Being numbered (money).
A U-- tajammul, (v of J4-) Accumulating, or enjoying,
the luxuries of life. Eating melted fat. Plenty of provisions,
abundance of wealth. Conveniency. Dignity, retinue.
A cl tajammulat, (pl. of J tajammul) Moveable
household furniture. Conveniences, articles of luxury.
A t tajamhur, (II of ra- Q) Being oppressive, iniquitous
A &t= tajmid, (11 of ~~~) Congealing.
Az tajmir, (11 of P-) Cutting away the pithy, pulpy
substance (called A*-jummr) growing on the top of the date
tree. Throwing stones called ju-jimar (a superstitious rite
observed at Mecca). Keeping (an army) long on hostile ground
without fighting. Collecting. Gathering up (as wom do
their hair, and fastening it on the crown of the head).
A U tajmish, (11 of Lr) Helping, assisting.
A t tajmi, (11 of 8-4-) Collecting with care. As
sembling with others to prayers on Fridays. Counting (money).
Breaking in pieces.
A Ja tajmil, (11 of J.-) Adorning, embellishing, *
tifying, executing properly. Applauding, approving.
. A --~~ tajannub, (v of C-2-) Being absent. Retiring,
declining, shunning. Carrying or driving off, removing.
A c tajannus, (v of e-ca-) Pretending to be of another
family. Loving, yearning upon. Covering, enveloping. Ex
panding the wings; also, sitting (as a bird). Calling home the
thoughts (in prayer) from idolatry. Abstaining from sin.
A --> tajanjub, (11 of -- Q Drying meat (wind).
 -
_5=9
A ** tajannuh, (w of e-) Inclining to one side.
A U- tajannus, (v of Lr) Being homogeneous.
A c tajannun, (v of e-janna) Appearing mad, furious.
Aztjanni, (v of lr) Accusing falsely. Seeking a
pretext to injure another. Name of a woman.
A c- tajnib, (11 of --) Causing to lead at the side
(a horse, or
a captive). Leading at the side. Removing.
Rendering one averse, causing to shun, or abstain. Having a
foot turned inwards (reckoned a good property in a horse).
Giving little milk (a camel).
A ** tajnih, (11 of t-)
Furnishing with wings.
A s tajnid, (11 of ~~) Collecting an army.
Aj tajniz, (11 of j-) Laying a corpse upon a bier.
A L tajnis, (11 of U.-) Making homogeneous. Ana
logy. Equivocation, pun. (in rhetoric) When the author uses
two or more words resembling each other but having different
significations; and of these there are seven kinds. (Gladwin's
Dissert.)
A G tajnik, (11 of G.2-) Throwing stones with a balista.
A e- tajnin, (11 of e-janna) Making mad.
A tajwid (from --,-), Traversing (a country).
A J tajwal, (11 of J;-) Travelling far and wide.
Aj tajawwur, (v of 23-) Being laid prostrate. Falling
on the side. Being overthrown.
A ~); tajaw.rub, (11 of c- Q) Putting on socks.
Aj tajawwuz, (v of 53-) Passing by. Forgiving. Doing
business slightly, easily, or by the by. Reducing (a work) into
a compendious form. Speaking metaphorically.
A t tajawwut, (v of 3-) Starving one's self, bearing
hunger voluntarily, abstaining purposely from food.
A tajawwuf (v of 3,-) Being hollow. Penetrating
into the middle or cavity, and there lying hid.
A J tajawwuk, (v of J3-) Being collected, assembled.
Ae tajawwun, (v of ex-) Painting white the door of a
bridegroom. Making black the gate of a deceased person.
A ~3 tajwib, (11 of -5-) Making the collar or breast
of a shirt or other garment. -
A** tajwiyat, (11 of s-) Patching a leathern-bottle.
*** tajwid, (11 of ex-) Saying, doing, or making good. against, by pronouncing Lla hsh. Exception, separation.
A2; tajwir, (11 of J3-) Accusing of injustice. Beating A Je tahss, (v1 of La- hassa) Distributing amongst.
and levelling with the ground. Throwing down or away. A JAls tahzz, (v1 of Ji-hazza) Stimulating each other.
A}}* tajwiz, (11 of 35-) Causing to go or pass by. Per A J tahkk, (v1 of c-hakka) Contending, injuring.
mitting, allowing, approving. Examining, investigating, trying,
Proving, seeking, truth. Contrivance, judgment, sentence, plan.
A t tajwie, (11 of &;-) Starving one to death.
A -** tajwif, (11 of -5,-) Hollowing, making concave.
*c tajwik, (11 of Ux-) Collecting, assembling.
* J tajwil, (ii of J;-) Going round about much.
*** tajwih, (11 of **) Raising to a respectable situation.
371 \=3
A * tajahjuh, (11 of *** Q) Retiring, abstaining from.
Aj4* tajahhuz, (v of j-) Being adorned, prepared for.
A ri tajahzum, (II of -it- Q) Carrying one's self high.
A ** tajahhum, (v of ri-) Looking at, or receiving one un
graciously, with a stern countenance.
A &t tajhiyat, (11 of User) Enlarging, extending.
Art tajhiz, (II of 34-) Betrimming (a bride), fitting out
(a traveller, or a troop of soldiers), furnishing (a funeral).
AJ tajhil, (11 of Ji-) Calling a fool, charging with ig
norance. Imputing, ascribing to want of information.
A -* Tajib, Name of a town in Africa.
A J tajayyush, (v of L-) Being collected, embodied
(an army). Being greatly agitated (the mind).
A i tajayyu, (v of -i-) Being putrid (a dead body).
A --rtajyib, (11 of --~~) Making the collar or breast
(of a shirt or other garment).
A & taiyi-at, (11 of u-) Sewing (a leathern bottle).
A C*-*tajyish, (11 of Ut-) Levying an army.
A Lir taiyiz, (11 of Ji-) Turning away from.
A ir tayif. (11 of -i-) Stinking, turning to a putrid
corpse. Rendering vile and despicable. Terrifying. Striking.
A *** tayim, (11 of **) Writing the letter zjim.
A -->" tahbb, (v1 of -- habba) Mutual love.
A cl tahtt, (v1 of c-> hatta) Being scattered.
A e tahatun, (v1 of c-) Being equal, resembling.
A --> tahss, (v) of c-- hassa) Stimulating one another.
A gtahj, (v1 ofa- hajja) Disputing, jarring, wrangling.
A 5-s tahjuz, (v1 of 55*) Opposition. Reconciliation.
A. J- tahj, (v1 of 35) Proposing questions or enigmas
alternately as an exercise of genius.
A s tahdd, (v1 of x~ hadda) Mutually resisting.
A ctahadus, (v1 of ~~~) Conversing, telling stories.
A ** tahz, (v1 of s-) Matching.
A ~~ taharub, (v1 of -,-) Fighting together, duelling.
A.J.Jtahrir, (pl. of 2Atahrir) Writings; manumissions.
A -- tahsud, (v1 of ~) Envying one another.
AJ-\ tahsul, (vi of J--) Catching a land-crocodile.
A e- tahs, (v1 of 3--) Drinking together.
A Js tahashi, (v1 of s-) Standing apart. Excepting
AAlstahkur, (v1 of ji-) Appearing contemptible.
A tahakum, (v1 of K-) Going together to a judge.
A --!> tahlub, (v1 of ~|~) Flowing (as sweat from the
body, saliva from the mouth, tears from the eyes).
Ajls tahaluz, (v1 of A-) Holding a dialogue.
A-il's tahalu, (vi of -i-) Conspiring together, entering
into an alliance, leaguing. Swearing (plaintiff and defendant).
3 B 2
 < 372
A tahalum, (v1 of l-) Appearing mild or affable.
A tahali, (v1 of 3-) Displaying sweetness (a woman).
A Jl tahmuk, (v1 of G*-) Feigning to be a fool.
A Jls tahmul, (v1 of J4-) Being adverse, injurious,
partial. Labouring under a difficulty, or misfortune. Taking
a thing to heart. Rigour, severity.
A J tahmi, (v1 of ) Being cautious. Avoiding.
Aj's tahzur (vi of 25-) Carrying on a dialogue.
Aj, tahawuz, (v) of 55-) Being mutually repulsed, re
treating from each other (two armies).
A Je tahawus, (v1 of U23-) Looking askew, squinting.
A Jls tahwul, (v1 of J;-) Turning from side to side.
Aj, tahyuz, (v1 of > not in use) Deserting each other.
A -;"> tah-if, (pl. of & tulfat) Rarities, presents.
A Jl tahy (also j tah-i), (pl. of s tahyt)
Three stars in the sixth mansion of the moon, in Gemini.
A. ~~~~ tahabbub, (v of C-- habba) Showing love. Drink
ing water sufficient (an ass).
Ajstahabjur, (11 of, s-o) Having a twisting of the guts.
A U-- tahabbus, (v of U--) Being imprisoned, confined, | deavouring to do any thing privately.
restrained. Restraining one's self. Imprisonment. Continence.
A U- tahabbush, (v of U-) Being met, assembled.
A --> tahbib, (11 of C-- habba) Making one a friend.
Being filled (with drink). Sowing. Coming into ear (wheat).
A &r=tahbiyat, (11 of us--) Protecting, defending.
A z tahbir, (11 of 2-) Beautifying. Conferring bene
fits, acting magnificently, doing good.
A U--> tahbis, (11 of U-2-) Retaining, imprisoning. Be
queathing to pious uses (prohibiting alienation).
A U**** tahbish, (11 of Ura-) Collecting, gaining, getting.
A c-s taht, The inferior part. Tahta, Under, below. --~~~
Vll tahta's'sara, Under ground. ***) --> tahta 'sh'shutie,
A change of the moon, conjunction with the sun. &xi;) --~~
tahta't kaleah, Below the castle. The forum, or market-place;
place of execution. Ja --~ tahta lafzi, Verbally. A li
teral or interlinear translation. sv -- tahta m-idah,
Under the table. \ er min tahtah, Below, under them.
A Ju tahtaniy, (Applied to letters) Small, short, or inferior.
A &ttahtahat, Motion, sound (made by motion or walking).
A Uji=^tahatrush, (11 of Uji- Q) Being assembled(people).
A 52* tahatruf, (11 of -5,-- Q) Being scattered.
A ** Tahtam, Name of a town in Yaman.
A, t tahattum, (v of -) Eating the remains of victuals
left upon a table. Being soft (bread or meat). Being necessary.
A ze tahtir, (11 of 2-) Giving victuals to builders.
A Js tahtish, (11 of Uc-) Promoting cheerfulness.
A_* tahassur, (v of >) Forming fruit (a palm-tree).
A --~~~~ tahsis, (11 of ~ hassa) Stimulating, instigating.
*A* tahaijur, (v of , s) Petrifying, becoming hard as
stone. Being heavy, severe. Being strait, close.
_-3
A J Tahjul, Name of a horse (in the poem of Labid).
A}= tahajju-a, (11 of \s-) Being greedy, tenacious of.
Being much addicted to.
A Ls' tahaiji, (v of: s) Remaining in one place. Acting
with firmness. Preoccupying, keeping possession. Avarice.
A ---s tahjb, (11 of -s.") Hiding one's self.
A rse' tahjir, (11 of, s) Being surrounded with a small
circle (the moon). Being burnt round the eye (a camel).
A Jse' tahjil, (11 of J) Having white feet (a horse);
also making them white by art. Being sunk (the eye).
A cc, tahaddub, (v of ~~~~) Being friendly, benevolently
inclined. Being hump-backed.
A cc, tahaddus, (v of c-) Relating. Producing, say.
ing, or doing something new.
A **tahaddu, (v of z*-) Becoming hard (the colocynth).
AJ< tahaddur, (v of J-) Having a tumour. Swelling.
Descending. Slipping, falling, flowing down. Being steep.
A J-3-3 tahaddus, (v of J-A-) Enquiring, examining. En
A s tahaddi, (v of 23-) Opposing, provoking. Contend
| ing for superiority or victory.
A **** tahaddi, (v of 53-) Giving serious attention to.
A --~~ tahdib, (11 of ~A-) Making a high back. Giving
(to a thing) a convex form. Having a hump-back.
A -->4 tahdis, (11 of x-) Relating. Producing, *):
ing, or doing something new.
A g tahdi, (ii c-) Looking at with fixed attention.
A & As tahdid, (11 of x- hadda) Sharpening (a sword or
knife). Describing or prescribing limits. Defining logically.
P e *F, *** To determine and mark the boundaries.
A G tahdik, (11 of J3-) Seeing clearly; comprehending:
AJ&s tahazzur, (v of 53-) Being on one's guard.
A tahazlum, (11 of C3- q) Walking fast and waddling.
A 23-5 tahsir, (11 of J3-) Threatening, putting in fear.
Admonishing, cautioning, prohibiting.
A #3-4 tahsi, (11 of -53-) Preparing and finishing.
A t taharruj, (v of g-) Abstaining from wickedness.
Being reduced to straits.
AJ- taharrur, (v of A- harra) Burning.
Aj}< taharruz, (w of 35-) Abstaining from. Taking heed.
AJs taharrus, (v of J-) Taking care, abstaining.
5, s taharru, (v of -) Being changed, inverted.
A
Declining, turning from.
A J taharruk, (v of JA-) Being burnt. Being enraged.
A. taharruk, (v of <-) Being moved. Moving.
A , taharrum, (w of **) Being prohibited. Abstain";
Entering into a temple. Being revered. Turning robber.
Ajs taharmuz, (11 of j-0) Being intelligent. Bastardy.
 C--9
li, A 45 taharri, (v of 5,-) Choosing the best. Intending
t
to do what is right. Delaying. Staying.
A ~~~ tahrib, (11 of ~~) Irritating, inflaming, enrag
ing. Making sharp. Ingrafting (a palm). Growing (a palm).
: A g tahrij, (11 of zy-) Reducing to straits or difficulties.
in A
Taking heed to one's self. Adorning (a collar) with shells.
'ss,
A 93j tahrid, (11 of 9,-) Putting in a passion. Twisting
td it is. (ropes). Building an arched fabric. Rearing high (a house).
(Atal: Raising (a structure) of reeds without windows.
ft (r A2A* tahrir, (11 of,- harra) Setting at liberty, giving free
dom. Dedicating to the service of God. Speaking modestly
and well. Writing elegantly and accurately. Publishing a book.
: Inquiring carefully. U-343) 2,~ Euclid's elements.
AA-6 tahriran, (P *]; tahriranah) In (or by) writing. Approbation, applause, acclamation. Anything elegant. Per-s
Pg
Written, dated, given; as t 5, 3 Given, (written, J tahsin kardan, To approve, to applaud. To bless.
or dated) in the beginning of the month of......
d( P JAA' tahrir-kash, A writer, a scribe.
ut
A}}< tahris, (11 of 32-) Preserving carefully.
, Bg U*A* tahrish, (11 of Uj-) Inducing one fraudulently to
',
A A --~6 tahashshum, (v of ~ ) Blushing, being ashamed.
, ex"
-
do any thing. Irritating, setting (men or dogs) by the ears.
A Jj tahris, (11 of Je-) Making greedy, inflaming.
wg t A vjs tahriz, (11 of U&-) Instigating, exciting, provok
ing to. Dyeing (garments) with saffron. Dealing in saffron.
ass A ei,~~ tahrzt, (pl. of Jj tahrz) Provocations.
ll." A -ij- tahri, (11 of 5;-) Changing, inverting, trans
posing (letters), forming an anagram. Making a pen.
r
; A ctahrft, (pl.of-i,~ tahrf) Changes; anagrams.
A c- tahrik, (11 of 3,-) Consuming by fire.
l A <& As tahrik, (11 of ~%-) Putting in motion. Exciting,
. . . f
t *"couraging. Marking a consonant with a vowel point. A
t
commotion, movement. P w25 <<! & fitnah tahrik kar
* To raise a tumult, to excite an insurrection.
A *A* tahrim, (11 of -) Prohibiting, interdicting. Ren
dering venerable or sacred. Not completely dressing leather.
Tying fast a lash. Name of a chapter in the Kurn.
A *A* tahrmah, The putting on of a pilgrim's garb.
A Jj tahrim?y, Prohibited by law.
A s tahazzub, (v of -j-) Being assembled in crowds.
*}}< taha-zuz, (v of j-hazza) Being cut, notched.
A* tahazzum, (w of ej-) Girding the waist with (a rope).
Putting on clothes. Being clad in armour.
A ej tahassun, (v of ej-) Being afflicted. Grief.
**-j< tahsil, (11 of -->) Distributing into parts (es
pecially the
Kurn, into sixty sections, called -j- ahzb).
*A* takis, (ii of j-hazza) Notching, indenting (teeth).
*u.js tahzin, (11 of ej-) Making sorrowful. Reading
(the Kurn) in a whining, plaintive tone of voice.
*L* *hs, A heart overwhelmed with grief.
A ~~< tahassub, (v of Q-->) Procuring intelligence.
*r-s tahassur, (v ofJ->) Becoming dim (the eye-sight)
373 Je-S
from being overstrained. Being tired, jaded (a beast of bur
den). Sighing. Grieving for, sorrowing after. Falling off a
(camel's) coat. Retreating, fleeing away. Grief, regret.
a J.-- tahassus, (v of U-- hassa) Exploring, examining
into the truth of Listening. Being moved.
A -> tahassi, (v of J.--) Sipping by little and little.
A --> tahsib, (II of -) Giving enough, contenting.
Causing one to lean upon a cushion.
A 2-s tahsir, (11 of ,--) Stripping, depriving of Casting
its feathers, moulting (a bird).
A J->" tahsil, (11 of J->) Doing less than one ought.
Being wanting to one's self. Being brought into contempt.
A J-s tahsin, (11 of c->) Doing well and handsomely.
A *-*tahashshud, (v of A-) Convening, meeting.
A_* tahashshur, (v of A-) Rising from the grave.
A i-stahashshuf, (v of -i-) Putting on a worn habit.
A. J-> tahashshi, (v of s-) Being stuffed, crammed.
A J-> tahashsh?, (v of J-) Being from one side. Ex
cepting. Saying God forbid! Being ashamed of
A 3: s tahshiyat, (11 of J.--) Trimming the edge of a
garment with fringe or lace. Making marginal notes to a book.
A --> tahshif, (11 of --) Looking with half-shut eyes.
A ** tahshim, (11 of --~) Vexing, enraging. Address
ing (one) in language which (he) cannot patiently listen to.
A Jas tahassul, (v of J-a-) Making evident, illustrating,
manifesting. Collecting, acquiring.
A era- tahassun, (v of cra-) Seeking protection. Defend
ing one's self. Retiring to a fortress. Becoming a stallion.
A J-> tahassi, (v of Ja-) Taking heed to one's self.
A &-a= tahsib, (11 of c-a-) Strewing with gravel.
Flinging gravel at. Throwing sand into any place or thing.
A 3a-tahsiyat, (ii of a-) Cutting.
A ras" tahsir, (11 of-a-) Shutting up close.
A J-a-, tahsil, (11 of J-a-) Producing. Making plain.
Collecting, gathering, gaining. Reading (a book). Summing
up, getting at the sum and substance of (a discourse). Bearing
green and unripe dates (a palm-tree). Collection, gain, ac
quisition. c29, fte J-a- The acquisition of wealth and ad
vancement of religion, i.e. The present world and the next.
e ..J'a< The acquisition of the sciences. P J Ja
To amass, gather, gain, acquire. To collect (the public re
venue). To produce, make manifest.
Pyle Ja tahsil-dr, A collector of the public revenue.
P l J-a=' tahsil-dri, The office of revenue-collector.
A c-a-tahsin, (11 of cra-) Fortifying, defending, surround
ing with a wall. Strengthening. Preserving, keeping (a young
girl)at home. Being chaste. Living retired, Marrying a wife,
 c-3 374 ***
A ri tahazzur, (v of ri-) Being grieved, afflicted. Hurt a t tahkik, (ii of c-hakka) Scratching, scrubbing,
ing, wounding. Being present, Coming into the presence of A t tahkim, (11 of t-) Putting in authority. Consti.
Being near, on the point of. tuting (prince, lord, or judge). Giving power over (one's es
A Ji-i- tahziz, (11 of Li-hazza) Making greedy. tate). Prohibiting. Arbitration.
A * tahattum, (y of ca-) Being broken (through age). A --!> tahallub, (v of --) Being milked. Flowing
A *** tahtim, (11 of a-) Breaking violently. (sweat from the body, spittle from the mouth, tears from the eyes).
A is tuhaf, (pl. of & tulfat) Presents, valuable gifts. A &l=<' tahlabat, tahlibat or tuhlubat, Ashe-goat having milk
A & tuhat or tuhafat, A gift, a present. An excellent, flowing from her dugs (before conception),
rare thing, worthy of being presented. Odd, singular. p < A & tahillat, (11 of J-halla) Making lawful. Swearing
eye- To give a present. (This word is used as a title to many justly. The dissolution of an oath. Slightly, or by the by.
books; as c- &= (Present for kings) Treatise on politics. A Js tahalhul, (11 of J- Q) Being removed (from its

P -Us tuhfajt, (pl. of & tuhfah) Rarities. Presents. place). Being loosed, untied. Calling to a she-camel.
Aji=" tahaffur, (v of -) Digging, excavating.
Ajs tahaffuz, (v of ji-) Preparing, hastening to rise.
A ass tahaffuz, (v of ak-) Being vigilant, cautious; taking
heed to one's self. Being attentive, obedient. Committing to
memory. Giving any thing in trust to another.
P J- tuhfagi, Rarity, excellence. Neatness, elegance.
A Jse tahafful, (v of J-) Meeting. Being assembled.
Being polished. Weeping bitterly.
A Js tahaffi, (v of -) Being beneficent; behaving hu
Aji== tahalluz, (w of A-) Remaining, enduring (any thing).
Being pained (the heart). Preparing for (business).
A c- tahalluk, (v of Gl-) Sitting in circles (people).
A J-6 tahallul, (v of J- halla) Making an exception (when
swearing). Melting, dissolving, vanishing, evaporating. Ask
ing pardon, pleading an excuse.
A ls tahallum, (v of **) Being patient, mild, gentle. Be
coming fat and corpulent (a child, or Lybian lizard).
Js tahli-a, A part of the skin scraped off with a knife.
A

manely and generously. "Doing good. Exulting, rejoicing. Js Atahall, (v of J-) Being adorned with bracelets and

Az tahir, (11 of -) Giving any thing to dig. other female ornaments."

A U-23-4 tahfis, (11 of v-ie-). Moving one's self in bed. Or A t tahl;-at, (11 of "-) Driving from water (camels).
namenting the ancle with a ring. Being separated, scattered. A 3.4- tahliyat, (11 of A-) Sweetening (a ptisan).
A L& tahfiz, (11 of L-) Throwing away. Sowing. A&s tahiyat, (11 of J-) Dressing (herself) with jewels
A ---tahif, (11 of -- haa) Plucking, twitching (hairs and other ornaments (a woman). Decorating the hilt and sheath
off the face, a woman). Covering (with clothing). Weaving of a sword. Describing, pourtraying (a man) by (his) form and
(a garment). Being pinched with want, poverty-stricken. external appearance. Anointing or painting the eyes with a
A U-- tahil, (11 of J-) Omitting to milk (a sheep) for collyrium (which is supposed to give them an additional lustre).
some days, that she may appear to greater advantage when ex r ls tahil, A light load.
posed to sale : (she is then called muhaffal). Ornamenting. A i-s tahli, (11 of -/-) Exacting an oath.
A c- tahakkuk, (v of G- hakka) Discovering, knowing A Js tahlik, (11 ofc-) Shaving close (the head). Mark

for certain. Being assured of Appearing evident, becoming clear. ing (a camel) with circles. Soaring high in the air and skin'
Ari tahkir, (11 of -) Despising, contemning. Scornful ming in circles (a bird). Surrounding, hemming in (an enemy).
neglect, disdain. P clri To despise, to hold in contempt. A Jls tahlil, (11 of J- halla), Making lawful. Marrying
A "Vi- tahkiran, (P &\ri tahkrnah) Contemptuously. a thrice-divorced woman (beyond that it is unlawful). Descend
a ctahkik, (11 of G-hakka) Making, doing what is ing and remaining (in a place). Transmitting, or causing"
right, just, and true.Investigating, ascertaining the truth. Ac pass by. Abolishing, taking or driving away. Dissolving or
knowledging as true, believing. J J" Philosophers, doc discussing (in a medical sense). Digestion, concoction, solubility,
A tahlm, (11 of 4-) Rendering patient, tractable.
tors. P J J To verify, certify, acknowledge for truth.

To confirm, attest, profess. To say, do, or explain justly.
A rul tahkkan, (p &\itahkknah) Certainly, verily.
a ctahkiki, (pl. of J-s tahkk) Certainties.
A J- tahkky, Sure, certain, confirmatory.
A * << tahakkuk, (w of K- hakka) Struggling, fighting.
Scratching, clawing, scrubbing one's self. Plotting against.
A & tahmat, A deep black colour. Tahamat, Wests striped
with yellow.
A. --> tahamhum, (11 of-a- o) Neighing (as a horse) on
the sight of provender at a distance.
A Mtahammud, (v of Aas-) Being praised; deserving praise.
AP tahammur, (v of Pe) Calling (a man) an ass. s

A * tahakkum, (v of K-) Commanding. Lording over. ing in the dialect of the Himyarit Arabs (the ancient inh"
Laying a groundless claim to. Dominion, authority, usurpation. of Arabia Felix).
 c-9 375 2-9
g, vtahmas, An owl. (CASTELLUs).
p Ac tahannuk, (vof G*) Turning in the end of the tur
t Is A v tahammus, (v of U-->) Maintaining one's ground ban. Tying the turban-sash under the chin. Being in a rage.
M waxing valiant in fight. Being zealous, firm, unshaken (in re A c tahannun, (v of e-hanna) Feeling an affection for.

ligion). Hardness. Being moved with pity towards. Inclination, desire, love, pity.
i
A. L** tahammuz, (v of L-) Feeding on a salt and bitter a 2-tahanni, (w of -) Being curved, bent. Feeling
inks an affection for, yearning over.
plant called L- hamz (a camel.)
A Jastahammul, (v of Ja-) Lifting up (from his place). A c-s tahnib, (11 of e--) Being curved or bent in the
Bearing, carrying a load. Enduring patiently, putting up with. back and fore-feet (a horse). Having the hind-legs wide apart.
i r
Taking up one's baggage and carrying one's self off. Patience, A & tahni-at, (11 of t-) Tinging (the beard) with the
* endurance, long-suffering, forbearance. Truce, peace. Meek cyprus or privet-herb and dust.
: ness, humility. re Js tahammul kardan, To load. To A la: s tahnit, (11 of la-) Burying (the dead) with odours.
.
bear, to suffer. j's Js tahammul-gudaz, (Melting patience) A cs tahnin, (11 of e- hanna) Inclining towards.
g: impatient. Intolerant. Jas 0 n tahammul, Intolerable. A --> tahawwub, (v of cr-) Refraining from (crimes).
its, AJ** tahmr, The wild ass. Being distressed by grief or bodily torment. Howling like a
A*-*tahmiyat, (11 of J-) Making hot. Protecting. jackall (as expressive of pain). Showing benevolence.
A *** tahmij, (11 of 2-) Half closing the eyes to see bet A c-tuht, An abject man. People of the lowest rank.
ter, Looking long and intently at. Having the eyes sunk deeply A_2= tahawwur, Celerity, haste. Anger.
in the sockets. Rolling the eye-balls from fear or when threat Aj}< tahawwuz, (v of 59-) Being collected, assembled.
's ening. Changing colour from anger. Being lean, emaciated. Being coiled up (like a serpent). Being driven from place to
A * tahmid, (11 of M-) Praising much. Thanking place, tossed from side to side. Rising slowly. Absconding.
A. Js tahawwus, (v of U-5-) Displaying intrepidity. Be
God, saying 4 *'al handu li'llah, God be praised:
Az tahmir, (11 of >) Putting to the blush. Calling ing hindered in making preparations for a journey.
one an ass. Using the dialect of the Himyarit Arabs. Dividing A Ls tahawwush, (v of L-) Retiring, being far distant.
with a blow so that a part falls off. Bad materials for tanning. A tahawwuf (v of -5,-) Lessening, chipping away
Av tahmis, (11 of L--) Putting in a rage. the sides (of any substance).
Autahmish, (11 of U-) Inflaming with rage. Mak A J:s tahawwul, (v of J;-) Being changed, converted.
ing (a pot) to boil by increasing the heat. Moving from place to place. Leaping from horse to horse.
A Jax's tahmis, (11 of La-) Parching (vetches). Carrying a bundle of clothes on one's head. Hatching mischief.
A *> tahaww.i, (v of s;-) Being collected, contained,
A Ji-stahmiz, (ii of Lt-) Doing little, and that with
indifference. Diminishing, lessening. comprehended. Being round. Being coiled up (as a serpent).
AJ<tahnik, (11 of c-) Rendering silly, infatuating. A --> tahrib, (11 of ~~) Crying harb to a camel.
A &;-- tahwiyat, (11 of 453-) Taking, receiving, grasping.
Calling one a fool. Reproving folly.
AJ<tahmil, (ii of Ja-) Imposing a burthen. Causing, Being drawn together.
requesting, or commanding to carry (a load), or convey (a let A2;= tahwir, (11 of 95-) Making white and bright. Mak
ter). Importuning, being a charge to one. ing (bread) round. Cauterizing (a camel) round the eyes.
A *** tahmim, (11 of ~ hamma) Making a provision for a A}}< tahwiz, (11 of j9-) Driving (camels) to water.
A Js tahwiz, (11 of J;-) Making a pond. Enclosing
repudiated wife. Boiling water. Blackening (the face) with
charcoal. Becoming black (the head) after shaving. Sprout any place after the manner of a fish-pond. Moving round.
A ** tahwit, (II ofky-) Fencing about. Going round.
ing (a young man's beard). Becoming fledged (a young bird).
Growing (grass of a dark green colour). A Js tahwil, (11 of J;-) Turning about.
Changing.
A Jtahmin (for c takhmin), A conjecture.
Renewing. Entrusting, charging with. Becoming changed.
* S-tahannub, (v of C-->) Being bent (a man's back). Change, renovation. The change of the moon. Migration.
**tahnat or tihnat (for 3-1 ihnat), Hatred. 4.3 Js tahwi-i kiblah, The turning to the Kiblah. (Title
A st-s tahannus, (v of c-) Avoiding, shunning, re of certain tables formed on mathematical calculations, by which
fraining from (sin). Putting away idols. a Muhammadan may, in any part of the world, ascertain in what
Als tahannut, (v of lace-) Being buried with sweet herbs direction he should turn his face in prayer). Js, ***
(the dead). Providing such aromatic herbs for one's self (which Renewal and confirmation.
is done by some Muhammadans when going to battle).
re; Js To change, turn,
return, revolve. To begin again after having finished a course
*-*tahannu, (v of i-) Following the true religion. or revolution (as the moon).
Being of the sect of &:- Hanifah. Circumcising one's self. A -l* tahwilt, (pl. of J- tahwil) Revolutions.
 - **

\-3 376 -->9

pJ'A'. :=3 tahicil-dr, A cash-keeper, a treasurer. A re takhsur, (v1 of, a-) Walking hand in hand.
P ;s tahwil-dri, The office of cash-keeper. A Jls takhsul, (v1 of J-a-) Contending with one another
A c-- tahiyt, (pl. of &= tahiyat) Salutations, greetings. in throwing the javelin (when the stakes are deposited).
A & tahiyat, (11 of J-hayya) Creating king. Saluting. A * takhsum, (v1 of *) Altercating, being at variance.

Raising to life. A salutation, compliment, congratulation, prayer, A c-takhtub, (v1 of-a-) Importuning clamorously.

benediction. A kingdom. &J & After compliments. A_2\ takhtur, (v1 of a-) Depositing the bets, and then
A --> tuhayt, (dim, of c-s taht) Somewhat below. disputing or contending. -

AJ tahayyur, (V of J-) Being astonished, confounded,
disturbed. Being dazzled, overpowered (the eye-sight). Being
incumbered, hampered. Astonishing. Whirling in an eddy (wa
ter). Wandering. Being filled with water (a place). Being
completed (the season of youth). Astonishment, amazement.
Ajs tahayyuz, (w of 3-) Being collected. Being coiled
up (a serpent). Being driven from place to place. Rising
slowly. Stealing away.
A3 - s takhatu-a, (v of Jas-) Erring, blundering (a man).
Imputing to himself an error which he has not committed.
A -3's takhut, (vi of e--) Reading any thing in a
muttering low voice. Communicating secrets to one another,
A -k- takhuf, (v1 of ~& khaffa) Travelling expedi
tiously. Doing any thing quickly.
A g takhaluj,(v1 of **)Exciting doubts in the mind.
A Ll takhalus, (v1 of vls.) Snatching from one another,

A Ltahayyush, (v of U:-) Being greatly afraid. - - 5

Drawing, tugging towards one's self.
A Ji's tahayyuz, (v of vca-) Abstaining from public A sl takhalut, (v1 of ts-) Divorcing, separating (as

prayer (a woman) on account of ceremonial uncleanness.

husband and wife). Dissolving partnership (a firm, a company).
A is tahayyu, (v of i-) Paring down the edge of.
A Js tahin, Time, space of time.
A J takhalu, (v1 of -s-) Opposing one another.
A e-s tahayyun, (v of c-) Waiting, longing for, an ex A J takhlul, (v1 of J.- khalla) Cultivating friendship,
pected time. The arrival of time, its being at hand.
A U--> takhmus, (v1 of U24-) Being somewhat dark (the
night) soon after the setting, and before the rising of the sun.
Ar tahyir, (11 of 2-) Throwing into a maze, striking
with wonder. Whirling in an eddy (water). Paying a debt, and receiving a discharge.
A &ls takhawuz, (v1 of 3:) Giving bail. Stipulating,
A i tahy if, (11 of -i-) Laying hold of (any thing) A Js takhawus, (v1 of Je;3-) Winking or half-shutting
by the border, or edge. Paring down, cutting away the sides of.
the eyes, in order to look more steadily.
. A e-s tahyin, (11 of c-) Fixing a time of day or night
for milking (a camel). Destroying, cutting off.
A Jls takhvuz, (v1 of U23-) Considering together, Di.
p * takh, Dregs of rape-seed.
fering, being divided in opinion. Agreeing.
A Js takhawuk, (v1 of U23-) Being absent, far distant.
A 2 tukh, Gain, acquisition.
A t takhkh, (from a takhkha) Fermenting, turning sour, A #;"> takhw, (pl. of -;s takhwi) Hobgoblins.
A J's takhyu, (v1 of Js) Being obscure, doubtful. Be
(leaven). Oil expressed from sasamah. A sour mass of paste.
ing decorated (the earth) with full-grown herbage and flowers.
A L takhtul, (v1 of J.-) Deceiving each other. Ars takhabbur, (v of 23-) Gaining intelligence. Enquiring.
A}-\ takhaju-a, (VI of \s-) Walking slowly. Sz- !,Js takhabbari, khibrat, They bought a sheep, and di
A ** takhdug, (v1 of t-) Pretending to deceive.
vided her (when slaughtered) amongst themselves.
A J33-3 takhzul, (v1 of J33-) Wanting mutual assistance,
A vari takhahbus, (v of U---) Seizing as plunder.
being unable to help one another. Remaining behind. Being A lars takhabbut, (11 of lars) Losing. Becoming silly.
infirm (the feet). Disparaging each other. a c-s takhabbuk, (vof c-) Being high, sublime, elevated.
A c-j< Takhrt, The city where Nimrod's mint was.
A Js takhabbi, (v of Jers.) Erecting a tabernacle or tent
A z_* takharuj, (v1 of z_*) Making a common purse to
called \-- khib. Putting out (the fire).
spend upon a journey. Dividing amongst themselves.
A j takharib, (pl. of ~~~~ takhrb), Holes resem
A --~~" takhbib, (11 of C-3 khabba) Destroying, ruining.
Seducing, deceiving. Doing or setting about any thing a little
bling a honeycomb, or hornet's nest.
Aj takhzur, (vi of 25-) Contracting the eye-lids, in after mid-day when the air begins to cool.
order to look more accurately.
A & takhbi-at, (ii oft-) Concealing. Keeping (* girl)
under watch and ward.
pej takhzan, A cucumber. -

A}-l takhsu-a, (v1 of \->) Throwing at one another.

A & takhbiyat, (11 of J) Pitching a tent. Extinguish
A * takhs, (v1 of L-3) Pelting with stones. ing (a fire). -

A z takhbir, (11 of 24-) Giving information, advising, im"

A J takhshi, (vi of **) Fearing. Fear, terror,
horror, aversion. Knowledge, reasoning, apprehension. parting, communicating, certifying.
 *
C--U 377 &=\}

A J-s takhbil, (11 of Js-) Making silly, insane, mad.
Mutilating, depriving of the use of the limbs.
AP e-G takht, A royal throne, a chair of state. A seat, a
sopha. A bed. Any place raised above the ground for sleep
ing, sitting, or reclining. A saddle. The capital, the royal
residence. re- .<takht-i abnizsi, Night. 6-97 .<-->
takht-i rstah, An ornamented throne. J-s .< takht-i
ardshir, Name of a musical mode. *~~~ 2&_& takht-i
Jamshed, Persepolis. J- r-s takht-i chbi, A gun-car
riage. Jy .< takht-i rah?, The royal road, the high
way. J 2s takht-i rawn (or 823, , .< takht-i ra
*andah), A travelling-bed, a litter. The throne of Solomon.
***y-paced horse. The sky. Name of four stars in the COn
stellation of the Bear. zy- .< Takht-i sarj, Name of the
college of Ab Is-hk. J- --- takht-i Sulaymn, The
famous fortress of Kshghar. $52,3 -& takht-i firzah, The
firmament. Name of the throne of Khusraw. ,<takht-i
kulah, A wooden cap worn by criminals as a punishment. 2-&
takht-i humyn, The august, royal, or imperial resi
dence, Tukht, A weight of 600, or, according to some, only
400 lbs. (for 233 tokhtar or 23-2 dokhtar), A daughter.
* ~ * takht, A wardrobe, clothes-press, or chest.
A t takhtkh (or js- takhtakhniy), Stammering,
fluttering, *Puttering. One who speaks Arabic unintelligibly,
being a barbarian or foreigner.
A j takhtny (for Gus tahtaniy), Inferior, lower.
* ~<, c-c takht-bakht, Throne and fortune.
A tk tikh, The sound used when driving poultry.
sy, A plough-beam. J; & takhta-i awwal, The table of
the divine decrees. A school-boy's writing-board. 4.--&
takhta-ijmah, A large press; a calender, beetle, or anything
similar, by which linens are beat, pressed, or smoothed. An in
strument of torture, made like a horse. r- ** takhta-i
Jawhart, The colours red and blue. Cts & takhta-; khk,
The surface of the earth. *j < takhta-i zarnikh, A live
coal. Q *- ** takhta-i sal-khurd, Stories of old times.
g. *-s takhta-i shatranj, A chess-board. z *takhta-i
tj, A throne of ivory. Milk-white hips. Day. J takhtah
kardan (or Jej << takhtah *adan), To clean cotton. &
J takhta-i kishti, The plank of a ship. 2-3 <takhta-i
Kahgar, A shoemaker's board, upon which he cuts out his lea
ther. es as: takhtah-gardan, Broad, thick, straight-necked
(horse). J; as takhta-i g?-?, The mace or club with which
the ball is struck. e-us" < takhta-i muhsiban, The earth.
*~ & takhta-i mind, The firmament. e < takhta-i
nan, A baker's kneading-board. A plain flat table.
A large
flat dish, with a brass-rim round it. , &s takhta- nard, A
dice-table, a backgammon-board. & es han-takhtah, A
plate of iron. & s tal.ht 3/8 takhtah, A throne or a
bier (spoken on engaging in a desperate enterprize).
P & tokhtah (for 4:3; tkhtah), Paid, discharged.
** *** takhtah-band, A splinter bound upon a broken bone.
A floor. Confined, guarded.
P 4-s takhtah-bandi, A boarding, a wainscoting.
P L: & (khtah-pash, A stage, a wooden floor.

P ':- <takhtah-dicari, A wall of boards, a wooden wall.

**** takhtakhat, An inarticulate word ; bad pronunciation.
*jo c-35 *akht-dr, A species of cloth, either white or black,
which the kings of Persia, especially the Drs (Darius), used
to spread over their throne.
*A* khtar (for as-e dokhtar), A daughter.
*A* takhattur, (v of A-) Being delirious, intoxicated (with
* ** & takhtah-kashidah, Floored, a floor.
P G * Becoming a throne. A board on which chil
!
dren learn to write. A signet of stone. The breast.
A 2-s takhtir, (11 of 2-) Inebriating, making drunk.
A *** takhtm, (it of **) Sealing well.

drink). Flagging, hanging down. Being lazy, slow. A *** takhsin, (II of **) Making broad.

* -* ~< Takht-tkdisi, Name of a throne belonging
to Faridin. Name of a note in music.
*s takht-gh, The royal residence, the metropolis.
r & tukhtalah, A walking-staff. Shoes, slippers, sandals.
A < takhattum, (v of **) Putting on a seal ring. Dis
sembling. Being silent. Covering, enveloping, wrapping up.
"c --> takht-nishn, Bestowing thrones.
* J G-c takht-nishin, Sitting on the throne. A reign | cealed (as a girl from the sight of men).
** *** *-*taint-nishinn-i Khk, Dwel.
*"Pon earth. Travellers. Kings. Spirits.
"J s takht-nishini, Accession to the throne, reign.
** takitah, A board, a plank. A table. A table upon
*h dead bodies are stretched and washed before interment.
Tablets, a memorandum-book. A single sheet of paper. A
P 3=" takhjak (and Js takhjal), The compression
made with the tips of the fingers.
P *akum, Covetous, interested, selfish.
A J-s takhjil, (11 of J-s) Putting to the blush.
A 94- takhaddud, (v of As- khadda) Wrinkling, shrivelling.
AJ< takhaddur, (v of J-) Being kept covered or con
A *** takhdid, (11 of ~ khadda) Being emaciated, shri
velled (flesh, skin). Being meagre, lank. Making lean.
AAAs. takhdar, (11 of yes-) Keeping (a woman) concealed.
Occasioning a torpor in the limbs.
A Us takhdish, (11 of Ut-) Scratching, excoriating.
A **** takhdig, (11 of 89-) Deceiving remarkably.

* bed, a couch. The pedestal of a statue. l & takhta-i a res. takhdm, (11 of res-) Having a little white upon the
3 C

C-3-9
upper part of the fore legs (a horse); and having a white circle
on the lower part of the hind legs.
A s takhzit, (11 of 83-) Mincing. Circumcising.
A J takhzil, (11 of J3-) Despising. Leaving. Ren
dering despicable. Alienating, causing a breach between friends.
A. *** takhzim, (11 of ^**) Cutting well.
A. **, * takharbilt, A superior species of fast-going camel.
A *A* takharruj, (w of s-) Acquiring polite learning.
A 9, s takharrud, (v of 9,3-) Being bashful. Being silent
from timidity. Speaking in a low voice.
A L takharrus, (v of U-5-) Taking caudle (a woman in
child-bed).
A. Js takharrus, (v of Jes-) Lying, speaking falsehood.
A J takharruk, (v of J.A.) Being torn, pierced full of
holes. Digging the earth. Inventing a lie. Being profusely
liberal. A rent, a cleft. A wide, spacious place.
A. ** takharrum, (v of **) Being broken, burst (as sew
ing). Being cut, split, or torn. Being pierced (as pearls or
beads). Destroying (him) entirely (fortune). Embracing the
Khurramyan sect (See ***). Being appeased (anger).
A Js takharmul, (11 of J- Q) Being torn (a garment).
*Js tukhrur, Thin or soft-skinned (man).
--> takhrib, (11 of ~~) Destroying, demolishing,
A.
razing, carrying devastation far and wide. Devastation, destruc
tion. Pee; e- ? % e- --> To demolish the fa
bric of idolatry and infidelity.
A &= takhrj, (11 of zy-) Instructing in learning and po
liteness. Writing on one part (of a tablet) and not on another.
Grazing one part of a field and leaving the other untouched.
Being in some respects barren, in others fruitful (a season).
A U-j< takhris, (11 of U,) Preparing and giving food
(to a woman in child-bed).
A. Js takhrash, (11 of Ujs-) Putting forth the ears (corn).
A ** takhrit, (II of 2,4-) Loosening the belly.
A Js takhrik, (11 of J.A.) Tearing, lacerating very much.
Telling many lies. Falsely imputing to.
A Q-j<takhazzub, (v of ~}+) Swelling, being fat. Having
warts or a swelled udder, and thence a contraction of the teats.
A j< takha-sut, (v of 8 j-) Remaining behind, deserting
one's associates. Cutting and dividing (among themselves).
A J}< takhazzul, (v of JA) Being hindered from work.
Proceeding slowly, heavily. Cutting, taking clean away.
AA}< takhzir, (11 of 25-) Straitening, crowding.
Atj takhz78, (11 of & j+) Hindering, detaining. Re
maining behind, deserting.
ru-s tukhs or takhas, Anguish, anxiety, change of temper
or constitution, from grief or indisposition.
A Js tukhas, A dolphin.
A 3-& takhsiyat, (11 of us--) Playing at nuts, odd or even.
\-3-3
378
AJ-s takhsir, (11 of ,-,-) Causing loss, Damning,
P Js taksh, Sadness, sorrow, distress. A cross-bow. The
thumb-ring worn by archers. A sliding upon an inclined plane,
from a height to the ground (as boys on the declivity of a hill,
or an inclined plank). (in comp.) Occupying the chief seat.
P \t takhsh, One who tries to do any thing with energy.
A s takhashshub, (v of -t-) Eating dry fodder.
A v-s takhashkhush, (11 of L: s-- Q) Rattling, clash
ing, rustling (as arms, papers, silks, dry leaves, &c.).
A ss takhashshut, (v of S--c-) Humbling one's self, be
coming or being humble.
A J-s takhashshul, (v of J) Being rejected. Being vile.
A ** takhashshum, (v of **) Spoiling, stinking (meat).
A c-s takhashshun, (v of c-) Becoming rough (in habit,
face, conversation, or mode of life).
A t takhashsh?, (v of J-4) Dreading, standing in awe,
--
A -s takhshiyat, (11 of J-) Striking with terror,
P e-s takhshidan, To sit on the uppermost seat.
A ix~ takhshf, (11 of --) Conducting others boldly
(a guide in the night). Breaking with violence.
A ~~~ takhshim, (11 of **) Being corrupted (meat).
Being very drunk, intoxicated to excess.
A Js takhshin, (11 of c-) Making rough; exasperating.
A U4-ack" takhassus, (v of La-khassa) Peculiarity.
A Ja-a-i takhsis, (ii of La-khassa) Appropriating, reserv
ing for ones self. Determining. Particularity, peculiarity.
A - takhsi, (11 of -ia-) Sewing well. Making (the
hairs) equally white and black (hoariness). Being bad-ell
pered. Making great pretensions to what one is not entitled.
A J-s takhsil, (11 of J-a-) Cutting in pieces.
A ~< takhs?m, (11 of -as-) Attacking legally, sueing at
law, carrying on a process, indicting. Altercation.
A * takhassu, (v of) Limping (sheep). Blissoming.
A Lag takharkhuz, (11 of Lak- 9) Being stirred about
(water, or a ptisan).
A si takhazzut, (v of *-i-) Being humbled, subdued.
A is takhzib, (11 of -34.) Tinging beautifully.
A is takhzid, (11 of 3.3s) Splitting, cutting asunder.
Azis' takhzir, (11 of ri-) Making green.
A Li-i takhziz, (11 of L- khazza) Adorning (a maid).
A t-is takh:78, (11 of 8-i-) Cutting in pieces, mincing
(meat). Humbling one's self, tendering submission.
A Mas takhattur, (v of Aas-) Missing the mark (an arrow).
AA- takhatru, (11 of ja o Walking fast, making
long strides. Striking (with a sword). Having loose flabby skin.
A ilas takhattu, (vof-la-) Seizing, carrying off. Being
snatched away.
A Ja= takhatti-a, (v of Jas) Erring, blundering, offend.

U-5
ing slightly. Pretending to err, blundering designedly. Im
puting a fault to another, and reproaching him for it.
A Ja takhatti, (v of3a*) Transgressing, passing bounds.
&l= takhti-at, (11 of Ja-) Blaming another for a fault.
A
A lack takhtiyat, (11 of las-) Repelling, averting evil.
Allis takhtit, (11 of as khatta) Writing, painting. Or
dering one to write, or to draw straight lines. Weaving or
marking (cloth) with stripes. Drawing lines well.
a -i-las takhti, (11 ofila-) Seizing, carrying off. Leav
ing (as a fever).
A * takhtm, (11 of **) Putting a halter over the nose
(ofa camel). Overpowering with words. Marking dates with lines.
A * takhaffuj, (v of g) Inclining. Deviating.
A,is takhaffur, (v of Ji-) Being ashamed. Imploring
protection from a patron. Recommending to the protection of.
Av takhaffus, (V of U-5-) Being thrown down, falling
or lying upon the ground, being spurned, being trampled upon.
A is takhaffu, (v of is khaffa) Being booted.
A * takhfid, (11 of **) Giving to understand that she is
in foal (a she-camel spurning the male) when that is not the
case. Casting forth an abortion (a camel).
Ari takhfir, (11 of 3-) Protecting, patronizing. Causing
to blush very much. Putting on bracelets (a woman). Defended.
Aus takhis, (11 of U-53) Diluting wine with water.
* Jis takfish, (11 of Ut-) Throwing down, levelling
with the ground. Trampling upon. Being feeble-bodied.
A vici takhzz, (11 of L-) Speaking or doing any thing
gently, submissively, or with ease. Being comfortable (ones life).
*-*takhi, (ii of Cis. khaffa) Making light, alle
viating. Abbreviating, by scratching out, or erasing a word or
letter (as j batar for j badtar). Despising, holding light or
in contempt. Abatement, relief, remission. Abridgment, de
rease, diminution, decay. 8-9 a. .-iris takhf-i tasdt;
Banishing care. Relieving pain or trouble.
*j}< takhkuluz, A hard nut.
P J}< takhkalul, (or ej takhkalun) A walnut-tree.
p & takhkam or takhkum, A country-dwelling. Name of
* country in Turkistan.
**tathalluj, (v of **) Waving, nodding, or tottering
from side to side, as if the joints were dislocated.
A w takhallud, (v of Als-) Being made perennial.
A vls takhallus, (v of U-14) Seizing, snatching.
A was takhallus, (v of J4-) Being saved, delivered from
evil. Becoming pure. Being shewed (sincere affection). The
transition from the description of one's own feelings to the eu
logium of a person in a poem. A titular name assumed by poets.
**takhallut, (v of al-) Being troubled, disordered.
** takhallue, (v of t) Being disjointed, separated,
**
379 ~~~
scattered. Dropping (as chains from the hands or feet). Tot
tering, staggering, in walking. Going wide between the feet.
A is takhallu, (v of -ils.) Remaining behind, retiring.
Being left behind. Opposing. Deferring, delaying.
A cl takhalluk, (v of c) Inventing a lie. Imitating the
manners of another. Perfuming with a spice called J;4 khaluk.
A Js takhalkhul, (11 of J- Q) Putting on ornaments
for the ancle (a woman). Being separated (as the component
parts of any thing).
A Js takhallul, (v of J& khalla) Passing between. Se
Parating with the fingers (the beard). Picking (the teeth.)
Penetrating, perforating. Being partial (rain) at first, and af.
terwards becoming general. Seeking for (ripe dates) amongst
unripe ones. Confusion, disturbance, dissension. Detriment.
P &Js takhlah, A staff. A shoe, a slipper. Bits, scraps.
A Js takhalli, (v of J-) Retiring. Abstaining. Aban
doning, leaving empty or alone. Being alone. Passing a lei
sure hour (with a friend). Applying any thing to a particular
use. Being so applied.
* &l=<
stakhliyat,
takhlib, (ii of es) Deceiving.
A (11 of Js) Vacating, leaving empty.
Sending away. Setting at liberty. Repudiating a wife.
A <!-- takhlid, (11 of als) Making perpetual; conferring a
green old age. Adorning (with bracelets or ear-rings).
A Js takhlis, (11 of U2's.) Rendering pure. Showing
sincere love. Saving, delivering, rescuing, preserving from evil.
A ks takhlit, (11 of al-) Mixing, confounding, disturbing,
perplexing any business. Spoiling, marring. A clumsy job.
A t takhlia, (11 of t-) Removing, drawing from.
Straddling much in walking. In the metre called *- basit,
changing the caesura J- mustafailun into J matulun.
A ials takhli, (ii of 44) Leaving behind. Appointing
a substitute. Turning the backside to (any one) in contempt.
Tying up a (camel's) teat, that the milk may not run out.
A Js takhlik, (11 of Gls.) Forming well, completing.
Making smooth and level. Anointing with a spice called J-
-
A Js takhlzl, (11 of Js- khall) Turning (anything) sour.
Becoming sour. Picking and cleaning the teeth.
A *** takhlim, (11 of s-) Choosing.
A ** takhm, The boundary or limits (of a province, palace,
or town). A march-stone. A condition which one desires.
p as tukhm or tukhum, Seed, sperm. Origin, principle.
Cholera morbus. Js- ** tukhm-i khalil, Crow's foot. **
e-y tukhm-i rhn, Purslain. J ** tukhm-i kuttan, Lint
seed. <<! .** tukhm-i bang, Henbane-seed. +xy- **
tukhm-i jrb, Crow's foot (a herb). t- ** tukhm-ijuhud,
Dispersed, scattered, ruined. , ** tukhm-i saped, white
seed. Mustard-seed. Mustard. J- ** tukhm-i mahi,
Spawn. & r" .** tukhm-i murgh, A bird's egg.
3 C 2
 93-9
rec takham, A curtain or shade spread over the door of a
tent, &c. to keep off the sun's rays. A cloth stretched upon two
sticks, in which they catch such things as are thrown to the peo
ple upon rejoicing days. A kind of net or instrument used by
fowlers for catching birds flying.
rj tukhmar, A dart having no wing.
P * * tukhm-bad, Of a bad stock, low-bred.
A & tukhmat, Corruption of meat in the stomach, indigestion.
P ex tukhm-dan, A seminary, a nursery-ground.
A, s takhammur, (v of 24-) Weiling one's self.
*jy ** tukhm-rz, Sowing. A sown field. An omelet.
Hashed meat poured upon fried eggs.
* Hly ** tukhm-roz7, Seed-sowing. Seed-time.
A k takhammut, (v of ka-) Swelling with pride or anger;
being furious, enraged. Braying (as a camel).
P & Kck tukhmi-knah, Lint-seed, and other seeds.
p Js' tukhm-gn, Purslain. The testicles.
r & tukhmah, Origin, principle. Root, stock.
P Js tukhmiyn, Purslain.
p &\ tukhmiynah, Lint-seed. Seed of any plant.
A rtakhmir, (11 of, ) Covering (the face, or a vessel).
Suppressing (evidence). Fermenting, forming into leaven.
A U- takhmys, (11 of U-4-) Dividing into five parts.
Making a pentagon, or any thing of five angles.
r J-k takhm?!, False, vain, ineffectual.
A. cc takhmin, (11 of ex~) Conjecturing, being of opi
nion. Estimating, judging. Wanting but little of Guess,
appraisement, valuation.
A \ takhminan, (r &\ takhminanah) By conjec
ture or guess, by appraisement, nearly, about, more or less.
A --~~" takhannul, (v of C----) Being proud, haughty.
A c-c takhannus, (v of e---) Being flexible, limber.
Being easy, affable, good-natured.
A U.<^takhannus, (v of U--) Slandering the absent.
A Jaz takhant, (11 of A- Q) Behaving indecently. ** takhwie, (11 of 83-) Lessening, taking from. Fat
A < takhnis, (11 of <) Bending, twisting. Bend ing its banks away (a stream). Weakening by caning, cudgeling.
ing inwards the mouth of a leathern bottle in order to drink.
A t takhnia, (11 of 8-3-) Cutting with a hatchet.
Ac:* takhnik, (11 of G*) Strangling. Spreading or
covering almost entirely over.
r_\;< Tukhr, Name of the king of J-- Dahistan.
A <2<tukht, (pl. of e-clakht), Wardrobes, chests.
A <2< takhawicut, (v of c-) Being diminished (wealth).
Suffering a loss. Stealing, robbing, carrying away by force.
Sending away. Abandoning, relinquishing.
A & tukhukhat (from t takhkha), Turning sour (dough).
A takhawwud, (v of 95-) Being bent (a branch).
A Ly takhawwush, (v of Ut-) Diminishing. Leanness.
A Je takhawwus, (v of Jex-) Receiving presents one after
another. Sprouting (as ears of corn).
380 G**
A J,< takhawteuz, (v of J;-) Being forced, or feigning
to be forced, to ford a river. Undertaking to cross a river.
A P takhawwut, (v of k;-) Approaching again and again.
A & 5-7 takhawwut, (v of & ;-) Being diminished. Dimi
nishing, weakening, by taking away a part. Hawking, vomiting.
A i takhawwuf (v of -5,-,-) Being terrified. Dreading,
lest any evil should befal another. Diminishing.
A J;= takhawwuk, (v of U2-) Being enlarged, amplified.
A J}< takhawicul, (v of J;-) Observing. Repeating, doing
any thing frequently and with care. Blowing over the earth,
A **tukhn, (pl. of ~ takhm) Limits, boundaries.
A & takhmat, A limit, a boundary.
Ae takhawwun, (v of ex~) Acting perfidiously. Ful
filling one's engagements. Doing repeatedly.
A &;s takhwiyat, (11 of 55-) Being ruined, tumbled down,
(a house) deserted by its inhabitants. Missing fire (a fire-steel).
Failing (as stars, when, by their appearance at setting, they
prognosticate rain, which does not happen). Becoming very
fat (cattle). Having the belly distant from the ground when
reclining (a camel). Stretching the limbs wide from one another.
Expanding the wings (a bird). Giving food to a child-bed woman.
A *}< takhicid, (11 of ex-) Going fast. Turning a stallion
camel amongst the herd. Taking a little food. -
A U-35s takhiris, (11 of U-5-) Leading (camels) to water
one by one.
A U s takhirish, (11 of L-) Diminishing.
A L:= takhicis, (11 of U23-) Accepting (a present) though
small. Conferring honour, first upon the chief guests, and then
upon the rest. Shooting forth ears (corn). Beginning to ap
pear (grey hairs).
A Ji is takhiriz, (11 of J-) Plunging into and crossing
(a river). Involving one's self (in business or danger). Re
solving upon. Entering into consultation. Shaking vehemently,
and mixing (pottage, soup, &c.).
A
Paying off (a debt).
A #;= takhwif, (11 of 5-) Terrifying. Threatening.
A bugbear, a scarecrow, a hobgoblin.
A Js takhirik, (11 of Js-) Enlarging, writing at length.
A Js takhwil, (11 of J;-) Giving possession, granting a
request, giving one a preference to others. Appointing king
A c- takhwin, (11 of ex-) Accusing of treachery, de
claring any thing perfidious. Diminishing.
A --~~ takhayyub, (v of ~~~) Falling into a vain conce"
Ax takhayyur, (v of 23-) Choosing, selecting, preferring
A vtakhayyus, (v of U-23-) Remaining in a place.
Ala takhayyut, (v ofla:-) Beginning to grow grey (hairs).
A --> takhayyu, (v of i.<) Being changed (in colour).
Changing (colour). .
 \e; 381 Q-'ex)

A U-33 takhayyul, (v of Js-) Passing before the mind. Ap A -83.35 tadau, (v1 of -3.3 daffa) Riding or lolling upon
pearing probable. Imagining, fancying. Judging, suspecting, another's back.
Being overcast with clouds (the sky), portending rain. Look A ej's tadifun, (v1 of eje) Burying one another. Doing
ing at a cloud disposed to rain. Thinking vainly of one's self. any thing privately together.
Exhibiting full-grown flowers (the earth). Imagination, fancy. A j's tadf, (v1 of 333) Going to and fro. Pushing, driv
A cs takhayyult, (pl. of Jstakhayyul) Imaginations. ing backward and forward. Rolling from side to side (an over
A ** takhayyum, (v of **) Pitching a tent. Adhering (as
loaded camel). A handsome she-camel with a long-neck.
perfume to a garment). A c's tadakuk, (wi of J dakka) Computing minutely.

A --><takhyib, (11 of ~~~~) Prohibiting, barring from A 3's tadak, (v1 of $9) Thrusting, pressing one another.
hope. A 3's tadaluh, (v1 of 3e) Carrying any thing between them.
Azis' tukhyir, (11 of 2-) Giving the option. Choice. A *** tadamuj, (v1 of **) Assisting reciprocally.
A Js takhyis, (11 of Ls-) Subduing. Forcing.
Als takhyit, (11 of la:) Appearing like threads (the be A J's tadamul, (vi of J.-e) Being reconciled.
AJr.'s tadamir, (pl. of ree tadmir) Devastations.
ginning of grey hairs).
A j tadanz, (v) of 333) Being neighbours.
A --- takhyi, (11 of -i-) Retiring (to any place). Re A t's tadawukh, (v1 of &:9) Throwing away.
treating (from battle). Withholding, restraining.
AJ-s takhyil, (11 of J.-) Fancying, imagining (yet with A tadwuk, (v1 of 39) Fighting, crowding, pressing
out doubt). Forming a judgment from physiognomy. Sus one upon another in battle.
A J:25 tadawul, (v1 of J) Handing from one to another.
picion. Threatening thunder or rain (clouds). Putting (for a
she-camel) any thing frightful, resembling an apparition, near Doing any thing alternately. Going to and fro. Being fre
her colt, to frighten away the wolf. Detaining one from friends. quented (a pasture). Tradition.
A 's tadawum, (v1 of **) Pacifying. Stilling (a boiling
A rtakhyim, (11 of **) Pitching a tent and going into
it. Covering with any thing (for shade). Stopping or sitting pot). Giving in perpetuity. Surrounding. Flying or skimming
down in any place. round in circles (like a swallow) without moving the wings.
A 's tadawi, (v1 of .533) Preparing a medicine.
A * tid, (imperat. of x, watada), Drive thou (the stake).
A *** tada-un, (v1 of cle) Being piled (as one thing upon A 2:25 tadawir, (pl. of Ry tadwir) Revolutions.
e's tadyun, (v1 of c) Giving mutual credit.
A
another), weighing down. A heap. A crowd.
AA's tadabur, (v1 of 29) Reciprocal desertion or opposition, A 2-9 tadabbur, (V of 29) Meditating, conjecturing. Deli
turning back to back. berating. Doing any thing with attention. Being manumitted
Ar"A tadabir, (pl. of 23, tadbir) Regulations. Counsels. (a slave after the decease of his master). Counsel.
AA's tudiisur, (v1 of 59) Being demolished, destroyed. A C tadabbuk, (v of Ce) Being taken with bird-lime.
AJ-A tadakhul, (v1 of J-2) Penetrating or being pene A &J tadbi-at, (11 ofue) Concealing. -

A ** tadbih, (11 of **) Bowing the head. Cleaving th

trated reciprocally. Occurring gradually. Eating when full.
A v's tadarus, (v1 of U-99) Studying under another.
ground (mushrooms) without protruding. Keeping within doors.
A ** tadbikh, (11 of e) Bending forward.
Teaching by lecture. Reading together.
A-w tallaruk, (v1 of ~3) Comprehending, possessing, Aj, tadbir, (11 of RJ) Setting in order, arranging, disposing,
obtaining. Following, overtaking. Repairing, mending. Fol administering, regulating, managing. Looking to the end or re

lowing one another, the last following close, or overtaking the
first, Preparation, provision, ammunition. Chastisement. The
instrument and means used to procure justice, as writing, law
3.
yers, or witnesses. Remedy. P e-A 3's To prepare.
Aj's tadru-a, (v1 ofy) Mutual opposition.
A es tadtub, (vi of ce) Jesting, playing together.
A&stadiuk, (vi of c-e) Fighting. Litigating.
J's tadt, (v) of U.29) Striving together about ques
A To make a good disposition.
t puzzling one another. Challenging each other. Approach
ing (an adversary). Assembling to hold a council. Threaten
ing ruin (a wall). Falling down (an edifice).
A-3A tadff, (vi of is daffa) Riding on another's back.
*t's tadfut, (vi of t-se) Thrusting one another back.
sult of any affair. Setting about anything with diligence. Re
lating, naming; quoting one thing after another. Giving liberty
to a slave after ones death. Government, order, disposition, re
gulation. Deliberation, council, opinion. Divine Providence.
<!-- 22 tadbir-i sultanat, Politics. "&# 22 tadbir-i
ghiza, Regimen. **** 2:35 tadbir-i dil-pazir, An opinion
agreeable to the heart. JJS Je tadbir-i kr kardan,
A <2\r's tadbirt,(pl. of 23, tadbir) Regulations, opinions.
P J----: tadbr-shinas, Wise, prudent.
A U-235 tadbis, (11 of U-9) Concealing. Lying hid.
A cw tadbik, (11 of G) Rubbing with bird-lime and
catching a bird.
 Le
A Jr., tadbil, (11 of J) Rolling into a lump.
A &J tadbih, (II of 49) Lighting on a sandy place.
A 3.x, tidat (from 25,), Fixing firmly (a stake).
Ajatadassur, (v of Ae) Wrapping one's self in a cloak.
Springing on horseback.
Aries tadsir, (11 of jo) Building a nest (a bird).
A ** tadaijuj, (v of ze daija) Being clad in armour.
A z-3, tadajduff, (11 of-a-- Q) Being dark (night). Call shift (a woman). Advancing. Strangling. Making manifest.
ing together (barn-door fowls by saying z g daji dajji).
A J-W tadaiji, (v of 3-3) Being dark (the night).
A *** tadjj, (11 of z daija) Being clouded (sky). Being
armed. Being covered with armour.
A J-3, tadjil, (11 of J-9) Covering with a false appear
ance. Gilding with gold or silver so as to have the appearance
of those metals. Anointing with pitch. Lying, falsehood.
A 4-A5 tadjih, (II of 4-3) Lying in wait (a hunter).
A. ** tadahhuj, (v of **) Being completely armed,
being covered with a panoply. Going softly.
A y-3; tadahdur, (11 of y-e Q) Being rolled over.
A g_- tadahruj, (11 of g-9 Q) Being turned, or revolved.
A J-2 tadahhi, (v of 9-9) Ambling (a horse).
A gas-s tadakhdukh, (11 of t-eq) Being abject, humble.
Being contracted, shrunk.
A U.S.-J tadakhkhus, (v of J.-e) Being buried in the ashes
(a trivet). -
A J-A, tadakhkhul, (v of J-2) Entering. Being introduced.
Getting in by degrees. Being constrained to enter.
A c-stadakhkhun, (v of c-3) Being troubled with smoke.
A J.--> tadkhil, (11 of J-9) Causing to enter. Introducing.
Rendering familiar.
As tadkhin, (, of c-e) Emitting smoke. Fumigating.
A 93, tudra-a (and 39A, tudra-at), The means by which a
man repels an enemy without assistance.
A -je, Tadrab, Name of a place.
A C-293, tadarrub, (vof-ye) Habituating; being accustomed.
A U-ji tadarbus, (11 of L-ye Q) Going before.
Ajys tadarbu-a, (11 of Wye Q) Being rolled, turned.
Agy* tadruj (or gy, tadruj), A pheasant.
A ty's tadarruj, (v of gy) Being promoted, advanced. disdaining, or feigning disdain.
Ascending step by step. Approaching gradually.
Ajys tadardur, (11 of j999 Q) Quivering (flesh, muscle).
A {y tadarrut, (v of 8 ye) Putting on a coat of mail, or a
cotton-west called & J midras.
9. - - - -
Aj, tadarru-a, (v of ye) Deceiving, circumventing, sur anything. Rushing violently.
prising (game). Getting the superiority and insulting over.
A x tudari, A kind of white mustard.
A 5, tadarri, (v of 559) Hiding one's self (in order to seize
or kill game). Unloosing the hair (a woman), setting it a flowing. little and little. Licking anything for pastime (a sheep).
A. y tadrib, (II of Q-99) Exercising, habituating. Pa
tience in war. Firmness in retreat.
382 Jes
A cw tadrij, (11 of rye) Advancing by degrees. Folding
(or rather) rolling together (a book, or cloth). Oppressing in.
tolerably (as business or meat).
A "*}x tadrijan, (p &lry tadrijnah) Step by step.
A Ly tadris, (11 of Lye) Reading attentively. Teach.
ing to read, giving lectures. Learning.
A sja tadriz, (11 of {_*) Putting on armour (a man), a
A Gya tadrik, (11 of Uje) Softening.
A 3-A, tadsiyat, (11 of J.-e) Concealing. Seducing, cor
rupting. Repeating, delivering (a saying) repeated by another,
A *** tads im, (11 of -e) Making (meat) fat. Blackening
the dimple in a child's chin (as a charm against fascinating eyes).
A ce tadashshun, (v of Jse) Taking, receiving.
A C-ex tadat-ub, (v of L-ce) Bantering, in pretended love.
Aje tadattur, (v of 23) Being of a foul complexion,
A U-ex tadattus, (v of Lace) Decaying (meat, a carcase).
A v-Ges tadakus, (11 of Je q) Dancing with joined
hands after the manner of the Magi.
A Jew tadatti, (v of 229) Claiming to one's self.
A Lrca tad:7s, (11 of L-ce) Piercing with a spear.
A *** tadghim, (11 of ***) Breaking the nose (in the inner
part). Crushing (the nose).
A c, tadaffuk, (v of Ge) Being poured forth (water).
Aeja tadaffun, (v of eje) Being concealed. Being buried.
A #2 tadaffu-a (v of Je) Being warmed. Putting on warm
clothing. Turning one's self towards the fire.
A s335 tadf7e, (11 of 839) Thrusting, driving, repelling.
Rendering poor, contemptible, as if deserving to be spurned.
A -3.3A tadf, (11 of -3.3 daffa) Making haste (to kill).
A c-33 tadfik, (11 of Go) Pouring out properly.
a cx, tadfin, (11 of Jie) Burying.
A cx, tadkik, (11 of J dakka) Making thin, slender, fine.
Diminishing. Pounding small. Considering minutely.
a t tadak, A heath-cock.
A & S, tadakduk, (11 of c. 33.3 oy Becoming mountain
(hillocks).
A JSA, tadakkul, (v of Je) Carrying one's self haughtily,
A Ja, tadkil, (11 of J$9) Allowing (a horse) to wallow.
A ~$25 tadkm, (11 of Ce) Putting (one thing in another).
Striking, giving one a push upon the throat.
A -lg tadalus, (v of e-Je) Falling suddenly in or upon
A Jl tadaldul, (11 of J.M. o.) Hanging pendulous.
A U-2 tadalus, (v of U.Je) Lighting upon grass called
U-le adls. Being concealed (a thing). Taking food by
a -lej tadalu, (v of -ie) Proceeding slowly (an *
man). Approaching. Advancing by degrees, step by step.
 --
383
e
A Jes tadalluk, (v of Je) Falling out. Being led forth,
driven out.
A - 3.x, tadalluk, (v of 89) Being rubbed. Rubbing
one's body when bathing. Being apt, fit, suitable.
AJ& tadallul, (v of J dalla) Toying, fondling, caressing.
Blandishing. Pretending anger or disdain (like lovers).
A. Jes tadalmus, (11 of Jele Q) Being bald.
A JA, tadalluh, (v of Je) Rendering frantic (love).
A J tadalli, (v of J) Hanging down (any thing from a
tree), Approaching. Barting amorous glances.
A&A tadliyat, (11 of J) Putting, letting, or sending down.
Bringing a man into any disagreeable predicament, and keep
ing him there; especially by address, entangling him in toils
which he had prepared for another.
A U-23 tadlis, (ii of U.J.3) Concealing the faults of goods
on sale. Not bringing sufficient proofs of what one alleges.
a Jadej tadis, (ii of Je) Polishing (a coat of mail).
A -Qs tadlik, (11 of 82) Rubbing or chafing strongly.
Putting off (a creditor).
AJJA tadil, (ii of Je dalla) Wheedling, toying (as lovers).
A * tadlih, (11 of Je) Rendering careless or frantic (love).
:
Arc Tadmur, (Heb. hnin) Tadmor. (1 Kings is. 18.)
Arts tadammur, (v of ~9) Perishing. Scorning; murmuring.
A 5, s tadmuriy, A small short field-mouse. Unworthy of
respect, base. Tudmury, Some man, some one.
A&J tudmuriyat, Little (ear).
A G-c tadamshuk, (II of G-ce q) Besieging Damascus.
A s tadammut, (v of sse) Weeping.
A.J.'s tadammul, (v of Je) Being dunged (land).
A-Klw tadamluk, (11 of 4.9 q) Being round (breasts).
Aer tadammun, (v of ecce) Defiling with dung (any place
or water). Being manured (land).
A --w tadmiyat, (11 of ~3) Wounding so that the blood
flows. Making access easy, opening a way.
A --~~~ tadmis, (11 of G-ce) Making (a bed) smooth and
* Relating a saying or action.
A *** tadmij, (11 of **) Folding up, enveloping.
**** tadmih, (11 of ** not in use) Bending the back.
Standing with the head inclined upon the breast.
Area tadmir, (11 of re) Ruining, utterly destroying.
Perfuming his hiding-place (a hunter) with the burnt hair of jecting. Roaming through cities.
wild beasts, that they may not be able to get scent of him.
Perishing. Perdition, ruin. Name of a city in Spain.
A U-sex tadmis, (11 of U-c) Being very dark (the night). round. Revolution. Circumference. Epicycle.
Concealing (a thing), suppressing (news). Burying.
A s tadmit, (11 of Sve) Weeping, lamenting.
A Sx, tadmigh, (11 of **) Making (a sop) in the pan.
Putting fat amongst hashed meat.
299
A c-ex, tadmik, (11 of G**) Inserting one thing in another.
Sprinkling (a mass of leaven) with flour.
A **** tadmim, (11 of *9 damma) Crushing, destroying.
Anointing with a medicinal unguent the outside of a child's eyes.
A c-ex tadmin, (ii of er) Accumulating. Covering.
Being necessary. Dirtying any place or water with dung. Re
laxing in any point, behaving civilly to another.
A U.S.A. tadannus, (v of L-39) Becoming contaminated.
Aa, tadannu-a, (v of Ve) Urging on to wickedness.
A JA tadanni, (v of 533) Approaching nearer.
A ja tadniyat, (11 of 59) Causing one to approach or bring
any thing nearer. Pursuing trifles as well as matters of import
ance,
Being infirm, mean. Eating what comes to hand.
A** tadnih, (11 of e^2) Humility, submissiveness.
Atje tadnikh, (11 of e) Humbling or letting one's self
down, hanging the head, becoming abject. Keeping close (at
home). Becoming shrivelled (as the rind of fruit). Being mis
shapen (hind-head). Being weak, faint, dull.
A.J.335 tadnir, (11 of 29 not in use) Shining (as the counte
nance). Being rich, abounding in gold coin.
A U-39 tadnis, (ii of L-9) Staining, defiling, profaning.
A Cx, tadnik, (11 of G) Fixing the eye steadily. Being
attentive to any thing. Being sunk in the socket (an eye). De
scending to the west (the sun).
A c-stadnn, (11 of eye danna) Buzzing (as a fly), hum
ming (as a hornet). Speaking indistinctly, unintelligibly.
P 335 tadu, A kind of a beetle found in baths. A pheasant.
Aj, tadicar, (11 of 29) Causing to revolve in a circle or
orbit. Making circular. A circular motion.
A tadicam, (11 of **) Turning. Stilling, quieting.
A s tadaw-um, (v of cle) Covering any thing (water).
A. ** tadawwum, (w of **) Expecting, waiting for.
A cx, tadawicun, (v of e29) Competency, content.
A 32-M tadawwuh, (v of 339) Changing, becoming spoiled.
Experiencing a scarce year. Rushing violently, wickedly.
A &:- tadiciyat, (11 of $39) Being sick, indisposed in mind
and body. Entertaining an ill-will. Humming (as bees). Thun
dering (clouds). Being covered with a thin scum (milk or
broth). Giving away such milk or broth. Coursing a field.
A cs tadwih, (II of t;9) Making free with (ones wealth).
A t tadwikh, (11 of &:9) Making base and abject. Sub
A x, tadwid, (11 of exe) Being full of worms (meat).
A 23-stadwir, (11 of 25) Causing to turn in a circle. Making
A L23x tadwis, (11 of Jese not in use) Descending, or let
ting one's self down from a height by art. - - -
A t tadwm, (II of f) Lasting, enduring. Giving in
perpetuity. Quieting, pacifying. Stilling (a boiling pot) with
 \& 384

cold water. Whirling (a wheel) with such velocity as to give A J.'s tazawuk, (v1 of J) Taking (any thing) to eat or
(it) the appearance of being at rest. Seizing (the drinker) with drink. Eating. Drinking. Carrying off.
a reeling giddiness (wine). Going or flying round, whirling in a J's taziyul, (vi of J) Being slighted, humbled (state).
circles, orbits, or eddies. Skimming the air in circles, without a -3.3 taxabsub, (11 of ~&S 9) Palpitating, beating (he
moving the wings (as swallows). Having circles of fat floating udder, the breast). Uncertainty, doubt, suspension of judgment.
on its surface (broth). Rolling (as the eye-balls). Revolving | A J taxabbul, (v of J) Walking like a man (a woman),
(as the sun). Moving the tongue within the mouth to gather | stepping majestically.
moisture. Running to a great distance (a dog). Moistening A --~35 tasbib, (11 of ~3 zabba) Prohibiting, repelling
(safflower) with water. vehemently and frequently. Defending strenuously. Drawing
A cw tadwin, (11 of eye) Collecting (poems) into one book. near to a close (day). Making haste, walking fast. Expe.
Inscribing (names) in public books or muster-rolls. riencing trouble, uneasiness. Lengthening out. Passing the
A 43-A, tadih, (11 of 329 not in use) Calling a camel to her night in a wearisome search for water, without finding any, ex
colt by saying sle sle dahi dihi. cept in the vicinity of a town.
P 8.X tadah, Spun. A spider's web. A ** tasbih, (11 of c)
Slaughtering (many cattle). Bow
A **** tadahdum, (11 of *** 9) Falling, dropping out.
ing the head lower than the haunches.
A 3-ASA tadahduh, (11 of 3-A&J Q) Being rolled (a stone). Aj, tazbir, (11 of 23) Writing or inditing.
A **** tudahdi, (11 of 2-seo) Being turned, rolled. A ty's tasarrut, (v of & y) Being talkative. Measuring by
A cs tadahkun, (11 of c-> 0) Being constituted head man
the cubit. Cutting any thing into cubit-lengths. Being joined.
of a village, or president of the board of agriculture. A J tazarruk, (v of J/5) Bathing the eyes with milk and

AX** tadahkur, (11 of Ks- Q) Being rolled. Rushing upon. water.

A *** tadahkum, (11 of s Q) Precipitating one's self into P;y tazraw, A cock-pheasant. tj 25U3S tazraw-i:arnikh,
any business. Opposing one another. A live coal. A cpj >J& tazrate-i zarin-par, Fire. The sun.
A *** tadahlum, (11 of *J. Q.) The same.
A ** tazarr, (v of **) Getting on the top of a camel's

A *** tadahhum, (v of ***) Being heaped together.

bunch. Forming an alliance with a family of the highest rank.
A cx, tadahhun, (w of Je) Being anointed, greased. Being driven before the wind (dust), sited (chaff).
AJ3 tadahieur, (11 of Je Q) Turning from, becoming A ~~~~ tacrib, (11 of ~9) Making sharp.

adverse (fortune). Speaking with propriety and elegance.
A 3.8.x tadhiyat, (11 of se) Declaring one to be ingenious
and intelligent. Dishonouring. Visiting with misfortune.
A U.S.A., tadhish, (11 of U.S.) Confounding, astonishing.
A *** tadhim, (11 of ~) Blackening (as a fire the pot).
A crss tadhin, (11 of ese) Anointing, oiling (the head).
A -x, tadayyus, (v of ~9) Playing the bawd, pimping.
A 2A tadayur, (v of 29) Taking for a house.
A c, tadayun, (v of e) Borrowing, getting into debt.
Being tenacious of one's religion.
A t tady's, (11 of t) Rendering abject, enslaving.
a &_& tasriyaf, (11 of **) Strewing, scattering. Wenti
lating. Sifting. Marking a shorn camel or sheep by leaving a
tuft (of wool) uncut. Praising, extolling (his) condition.
A ty& tasrh, (11 of C93) Poisoning (food) with cantharides.
Applying a small quantity of water (to safflower). Besmearing
a new (water-pot) with mud.
A sJ& tazrit, (11 of **) Strangling. Confessing. Stretch
ing out the arms and hands (when hearing joyful news).
A ij tazri, (11 of 98) Increasing. Being augmented.
Exceeding (a hundred in number).
A 3-3, taxatsu, (11 of **** q) Being scattered, squan

A ** tadykh, (II of ** not in use) Subduing (a country).

Taming, rendering submissive.
A 3:35 tadyid, (11 of J obsol.) Being troubled with worms.
A J tadyin, (11 of J.9). Tolerating one in his religion.
A t's tazbuh, (v1 of **) Cutting one another's throats.
A S& tazakur, (VI of S) Remembering each other.
A r's tazamur, (VI of ~9) Exciting each other (to fight).
A. "3. tazmum, (wi of ** zamma) Reciprocally blaming.
A s taza-nun, (II ofe) Gathering the herb zu-nunat.
A 33 taza-ub, (v1 of c-le) Placing the figure of a wolf intently engaged in religious exercises. Tizkr, Memory, re
near a camel in order to excite in her a liking for another's colt.
Blowing from various quarters (the wind). Taking (food).
dered (money), published (a secret), shaken (a tree by the wind).
Aje taxateur, (v of ,-3) Being terrified.
A --& taxatlub, (11 of 43 q) Stealing away privately.
Travelling fast (a camel).
A i tasi, (11 of 53 zaffa) Running hastily to despatch
a wounded man. Being easily excited and flowing fast (tears).
Ala#3, tazakkut, (v of a;3) Taking by degrees.
Aj tazkr (from S), Remembering. Recalling to one's
recollection. Making mention of Reading the Kurn. Being
membrance. A help to one's memory.
A 5% taxakkur, (w of S) Remembering, keeping in one
 5&
memory. Recalling to one's recollection. Putting in mind.
Reflecting seriously upon. Being of the masculine gender,
A 5& tazkarat, A billet, a schedule, obligation, hand-writing.
Biographical memoirs (especially of poets). Tazkirat, Memory,
remembrance. Anything that aids the memory.
A 3.5& tazkiyat, (11 of J) Slaughtering. Stirring a fire.
Growing old (man). Rising six or seven (a horse).
AA's tazkir, (11 of S) Recalling to mind. Reminding,
admonishing. Putting in the masculine gender.
A J& taxallul, (v of JS zalla) Submitting. Becoming a
supplicant. Submission, humility, tameness.
A J taxall?, (w of J) Being humble, submissive.
A &s tazlik, (11 of J) Making any thing sharp or pointed.
Giving a volubility to the tongue.
a J.A. tazil, (11 of JS zalla) Debasing, degrading. Hum
bling, subduing, bringing into subjection. Beating, treading (a
path). Hanging perpendicularly (a cluster of dates). Abase
ment, depression. P c J&J To subdue. To despise.
Arcs tazammur, (v of 2-3) Blaming one's self for neglect.
Being alienated from, slighting. Threatening.
A s tazammum, (v of * zamma) Being led or induced by
the shame of any thing, being afraid of censure.
Ars tazmir, (11 of ,-3) Searching the uterus of a camel to
ascertain whether her foal be male or female.
A Jss tazmil, (11 of Js) Causing to go faster.
A s tazmim, (11 of S zamma) Blaming, censuring. Pub
lishing the faults and follies of others. -
* -& ta-annub, (v of 3) Letting the extremities (of
* riband) stream down the side or back of the head.
*~y's tasnub, (Dates) ripening at the stalk.
* -x tasnib, (ii of ~9) Fixing, or adorning with, a
train or tail. Ripening at the stalk (a date).
** tasi, A kind of insect propagated chiefly in baths.
A-3& tazaw-ub, (v of ~3) Becoming like a wolf.
Placing any thing resembling a wolf near a camel that she may
** a liking for another camel's colt.
*_2\, takur, A cock. A heath-cock.
A J tazawwuk, (v of J) Tasting repeatedly.
* -x taxwib, (11 of ~9) Melting. Making the hair to
flow in ringlets.
Going on a marauding party. Destroying.
**;& tazwih, (11 of c) Sending (camels) into different
directions. Scattering. Squandering, dissipating (money).
A *:3. tazicid, (11 of **) Driving (camels).
*-** tashib, (11 of e-s3) Gilding. Weaving with gold.
A cs tazhin, (11 of J) Excelling in genius.
* J tazayyul, (v of J) Walking haughtily or majesti
cally, with the train sweeping the ground.
* * *. -
* 2 tazayyu-a, (v of $3) Being overdressed (meat). Be
ing so putrid (a sore) that the flesh falls off. Swelling (the face).
385 \;
A 3& tax-ib, (11 of ~3) Adorning the forehead (of a
boy) with forelocks. Hanging down (forelocks).
A &#3; taxyi-at, (11 of *3 not in use) Boiling; stewing (meat)
so as to cause it to separate from the bone.
A ** tazyakh, (11 of 3) Treading, beating (a foot-path).
Hanging straight (a bunch of dates). Bringing under subjec
tion. Not being fecundated (a palm-tree).
Ajs tazyar, (11 of 23) Rubbing with dung (a camel's
teats) to prevent the colt from sucking. Tying up (a camel's)
teats to prevent her from giving suck. Becoming black (teeth).
A J taxyil, (11 of J.9) Making the train of a robe long.
Amplifying, P e ~!..J's To protract a debate.
p_i tar, (s FIU tara) A particle, which, added to the Persian
adjectives, forms the comparative degree; as & beh, good, P
behtar, better; A bad, bad, F& badtar, worse.
p_i tar, Moist, wet. Juicy. Fresh, green, young. Tender,
soft. A small bird with a melodious voice, called in Arabic
*5-2 saticah. A restless fellow. A gamester. A fornicator.
Polluted, impudent, obscene. A stake, a pledge. A 2 Sj tazah
o tar, Fresh and moist. J *}\; 2_i tar o tzah kardan, To
refresh. 8-2 F tar o khushk, Moist and dry.
Ajj tarr (from A tarra), Falling (especially a bird when
flying), and making a sound resembling F tarr. Flying in
pieces (a fruit-stone or kernel) when crushed with a stone. Be
ing cut. Cutting. Being remote, distant, absent, retiring.
Being full (of flesh), stretched, distended. Being fat and smooth
skinned. Being moist, juicy, fresh, tender. The casting forth
of what is in the belly of the ostrich. A well-paced (post-horse).
Well-proportioned (horse). Turr, The root, origin, principal
part of any thing. A plumb-line, or other mason's rule for
making buildings perpendicular and level. J J- <<! la
ukimannaka gala' turrin, I will surely establish thee.
r); tara, High, large (wall). Tora, Thee, to thee, on ae
count of thee, (oblique case of the personal pronoun; t).
* ~); tarb, (imp. of Jy tarbdan) Flow. (Water)
flowing or oozing. Oozy, plashy. Elegance. Address, skill.
A. ~); tirb, The principal, or root, the fore shank-bones of
a sheep. Turab, Ground, earth, dust. Powder. A country.
Name of a river. \e .--!> turb-i sayda, Sidonian earth.
J) ~); turbu'l kay-a, The emetic earth, arsenic. ~);
c) turbu'l hlik, Arsenic. -, *) Abu Turb, Aliy.
P L); tarbish, A flowing. A wave, a flow, a flux, a course.
a . I - , ... - F - -
A J.); tarbul, (v1 of J) Jealousy or envy (amongst men).
Bearing a resemblance to a lion.
A Jy turby, Earthly, earthen, earthy.
P e); tarabidan or tirabzdan, To flow, to ooze, to exsude.
AF; tartir, Great, important (affairs).
AJy tartr, (pl. of 3; turrat) Handsome, foolish (women).
* ty tar-tzak, Rocket (an herb).
3 D
 \; 386
\;
A ~); turs (from l), Inheriting. Heritage. P <\; tarshah, Ashaving, a chip, a splinter. Nail-parings.
* z} turaj, A woodcock. A quail. P Jy tarshidan (or J Jy) To shave, pare, scrape,
Aj-); tarjuz, (v1 of 5-9) Contending in the verse rajaz. erase, cancel; to smooth, cut, hew; to make a pen.
At-y tarjut, (v1 of *y) Turning back. Returning P ***\; tarshidah, Shaved, scraped, pared.
together. Being carried back. A Jy tarass, (v1 of Jeyrassa) Standing close together. Be
P J-); tarjil, Parsley. ing set in close array. Being mixed (two armies).
A -y tarajim, (pl. of ev-F turiaman) Interpreters, trans A&F tarsat, (from Je) Being firm, compact.
lators. Leaders. A te); tarsut, (v1 of t-e) The billing of sparrows.

A t-y tarajum, (v1 of **) Throwing stones at each other. A i.e.; tarasu, (v1 of ~& 2) Being drawn up in close array.
A c; tarah, The beaver. Fitting, joining, adjusting, one thing upon another.
A -); tarhum, (v1 of ~) Pitying each other. A *F tarazukh, (v1 of ) Throwing stones at each other.
Peasy tarkhtan or tirakhtan, To make great haste. A Jy tarazi, (VI of y) Acquiescing; mutual satisfaction.

A Jy tarkh, (v1 of 339) Proceeding slowly, becoming A Jy taratun, (v1 of Jy) Speaking Persian or any lan

remis, negligent, indolent. Deferring (to remedy an evil).
Raining slowly. Delay, protraction, procrastination.
A ); tardd, (v1 of y radda) Bandying about from one to
another. Squabbling. Dissolving a contract.
A ie, tardu, (v1 of 33) Carrying double (a horse),
having one riding behind the other. Following each other. Help
ing one another. Intermarrying. Uninterrupted succession.
A 3); tarrat, (from F tarra) Being full of flesh, stretched,
distended. Being fat and smooth-skinned. Being moist, juicy,
fresh and tender. Fatness. Jy tarafuk, (v1 of Gy) Travelling in company. Verses
guage (not Arabic), talking barbarously; muttering, murmuring,
A &P tarr, (Waters from higher grounds) filling the chan
nel. A door-keeper.
A Jy taraghi, (v1 of J) Braying, roaring (camels).
A &; tarafud, (v1 of *) Helping one another.
A Jasy tarafus, (v1 of Laby) Drawing water (in turns).
A Jy tarafuz, (v1 of U43) Flowing, bursting (tears).
A s tarfue, (v1 of 3-3) Referring (anything) to a judge
by mutual agreement.
A

**); tararah, Timid. Fear. A dunghill. composed in such a manner that any two hemistichs thereof may
rjy tarz, Raw silk. A fir-tree. Name of a large city in be taken indifferently, and yet form a complete distich, without
Turkistan. Turaz, Beauty. the poem suffering injury either in signification, in rhyme, or in
rej); tarazu, A balance, a scale, a weight. Comprehension, measure. (Gladwin's Dissert.)
understanding. The sign Libra. The equilibrium, counter Jy tarkus, (v1 of ves) Dancing together.
A

poise. e-'- <-->}} tarazu chashmah dashtan, To out

weigh (as one scale the other). (BURHAN). *** *3P tara
A U-3), tarky or tark, (pl. of $35, tarkiwat or turkuku)
Collar-bones, shoulder-blades. Breast-bones.
zuw-i anjum, An astrolabe. esi- el; *}} tarazuw-i puld A 3; tark, (vi of J) Ascending. Height. Increase.
sanjan, A short spear, a dart, a pike. t- j tarazuw-i F tarak, Let alone; meddle not.
A

charkh (or & tarzuw-i falak), The sign Libra. % tark or tirk, A crack, a split, a cleft. The noise f
P

JJ tarzuw-i zar, The sun. s tarazuw-i kalm,
Measure of a verse, the quantity of a poetical foot.
re. 23, tarz shudan, To be a match for each other
(two antagonists) in strength and valour.
P J-k 23); tarazil-tas? (or e' 23); tarz-dan), The scale
or bason of the balance.
A J-y tarass, (v1 of Ly rassa) Telling one another secrets.
any thing when splitting or cleaving; whatever is split or broken
with a crash. Thunder. Tarak, A quiver.
P e-; tarkstan, To distil, to drop, to exude.
A 3); tarkub, (vi of C-59) Being joined, rivetted.
A J4% tarakuz, (v1 of J4%) Running together, towards.
A J; tarakul, (v1 of J%) Kicking one another,

A C-y tarrs, Bearing a shield. A target-maker or vender.

A ; tarakum, (v1 of *9) Being collected. Being heaped,

A &-y tirasat, The manufacture of shields. pressed together. Condensation. A crowd, a throng, a press.
A J-y tarsul, (v1 of J-9) Sending reciprocal advice. A <\,; Tarkimah, (pl.ofe; Turkamn) The wild Tur
P L; tarash, Shaving, scraping, erazing, paring.
a ** - - - -

Desire, komns who rove about and live in tents,

*
P asy tarkah, Inheritance, heritage. (CAstELLUS).
expectation. Erasure. Pared. A razor. JF exis
-- -

* * - - - -

mazmn-tarsh, Scraping out the meaning. Eliciting the sense. A -), tarkib, (pl. of -, tarkb) Compounds.
PJ; tarkidan, To split, cleave. To be split. To mak"
Ly' kalam-tarash, A penknife. See e--: tarashzdan.
a noise in splitting.
* Ls Ly tarsh-kharsh, Neatness of form.
P L**); tarshish, A graven image. A shaving, a paring. Ajy taramuz, (v1 of jy) Eating bread with grapes.
Aj, turmix, A strong, well-made camel.

-->
vy tarmis, Globes, balls of silver.
A -
*JP tarm,
(v1 of v) Darting, throwing at one an
other. Railing, scolding. Throwing one's self down, rushing
forward. Being remiss, relaxed (any business). Being ga
thered, heaped one on another (clouds). Tending (as a wound
to corruption). Lasting a long time (a journey).
... p. s tarngubin, Manna.
r &y tarnah, A handsome youth. Modulation, voice, song,
melody, symphony, harmony; a trill, a quaver, a shake. A
tetrastic. Jest, sarcasm, bad temper. Slyness, subtlety.
rj9: &); tarnah-pardaz, Composing songs. A composer.
P c); tarndan, To be in pain. To put in pain.
ry taraw, (equivalent to Jy tarwish) An oozing forth. offspring (a woman), taking care of her children.
P Jy tarawanidan, To cause to flow.
Az); tarawuh, (v1 of cy) Doing repeatedly.
P L; tarwish, An exsudation, a trickling, an oozing.
Name of a city. Turbad, A purgative Indian root.
A #2); tarwugh, (v1 of 9) Going round (as wrestlers).
p Jy tarwil, The blade of a certain kind of grass.
A ; tarwi, Twenty-two genuflexions which the Muham
madans are wont to make after the last prayer of Ramazn.
A t; tarwh, (pl. of tarwh) Perfumes, odours.
ry tarwd, Expressed juice flowing from any thing.
pJ; tarwdan, To drop, distil, flow, exude, trickle, ooze. ing up grain. (A woman) exacting the stipulated time (when
* A tarh, Timidity, terror.
A J; tarhun, (v1 of e) Pledging mutually.
*\ tarah?, First-fruits. Young unripe fruit.
A t tara-7, (v of y) Appearing, shewing one's self.
A ); tar-ib, (pl. of &y taribat) Breast-bones.
A&F tar-ik, (pl. $55, tarkiiwat) Shoulder-blades.
A<<!; tara-ik, (pl. of &; tarikat) Things which
been forsaken. Women who have not been asked in marriage.
p J; tarymn, A sash worn round the loins. Dysentery.
A GF tara-7, (v1 of s) Seeing each other. Looking from
over-against. Appearing (a spectre). Beholding one's self
(in a mirror or in a sword-blade). Bearing dates of various
kinds (a palm-tree). Going down to fight (an army).
P e); tarydan, To drop, to distil, to trickle.
* ~; tarb, Torture. Deceit, fraud. A journey, a march.
Turb or turub, A radish.
**F tarb (from ), Throwing earth, covering with
earth. Acquiring or possessing (a slave) thrice. Tirb, A
friend, companion, equal, contemporary. An infant born with
teeth and hair. Turb, Earth, dust, the ground. Tarab (from
*F), Having much earth. Holding earth in the hand. Being
overed with earth. Lying on, cleaving to, the ground. Be
oming poor, suffering loss. Tarib, (pl. of 3.y taribat) Plants.
A sF tarb-a or turb-a, (equivalent to F turb) Earth.
"J, Tarb, Name of a large inn built in one of the
cities of Persia by Ardeshr Bbgn.
AeA turbmn, The herb agrimony, or water-hemp.
--
387 Py
Aey tirbn, (pl. of ~); turb) Grounds, earths, soils.
AJ!, Turbn, Name of a valley in Arabia.
A --> tarabbub, (v of ~9 rabba) Being met. Educating.
A&, turbat, Earth, ground. A grave. A tumulus. A tomb.
* , turbat-i tayyibah, The city of Madina,
& F taribat, The tip of the finger. Wild senna. Any thing
A
dusty. &y ty rih-i taribat, Wind whirling up dust.
r_, tar batar, Completely wet.
A turbatiy, Earthy. Sepulchral.
A --, tarabbus, (v of ~) Tarrying, delaying, linger
ing. Walking at a snail's pace. Being divided, separated.
A g; tarabhuj, (v of g) Feeling an affection toward her
A ** tarabbukh, (w of ) Looseness, laxity.
P \, tirbid, A hollow pipe. Name of a cathartic medicine.
A * A tarabbud, (v of Aj) Being clouded (sky). Having an
austere countenance, and changing colour from anger.
P r tarbarah, A species of grape.
P}, tarbuz (or 5 tarbuzah), A water-melon.
r & 4, tarbasah, The rainbow.
A Ly tarabbus, (v of La ) Expecting. Seizing. Hoard
a husband does not return in a certain period, the wife may
marry another). Being upon one's guard with respect to.
A *; tarabbut, (v ofa ) Being bound.
A 8-5 tarabout, (v of 89) Being quadrangular. Sitting in
a quadrangular form. Fattening with spring-grass. Having a
long bunch (a camel). Passing the spring any where.
have
A C tarabbuk, (v of Cy) Suspending from the neck.
P <<> turbak, A sort of grape.
A J, Tarbal, Name of a place.
A J, tarabbul, (v of Jy) Being very fleshy about the thighs
and breasts. Being covered with verdure in the spring (the
earth). Producing leaves in autumn (a tree) from the coolness
of the atmosphere without rain. Browsing upon such leaves.
P c, tarbun, Very hard ground.
*** A tar-band, A wet bandage applied to a wound.
** A tarbit, A term applied to cloth which is thick and fine.
A * F tarabt, Obedient, tractable (camel).
A & J turbah, A tomb, a monument; or rather, a mausoleum
open at top (with the exception of a brass-grate to exclude the
birds) so as to admit the rain to the shrubs planted about the grave,
p_le * F turbah-dr, The keeper of a turbah, or mausoleum.
A C, tarabbi, (v of 29) Feeding, rearing. Fostering, tend
ing upon.
Preserving (fruits) in inspissated juice.
A Q-, tarbib, (11 of c, rabba) Educating. Making
sweet Preparing (oil) with new wine for use.
A &Uj tarbi-at, (11 of *J) Carrying off, causing to depart.
A &L' (arbiyat, (11 of Jy) Educating. Nursing, rearing.
3 D 2 --
 388 **
Relieving (any one) from an asthma. Seasoning, preserving. AJ35, turtir, The turtle-dove. A collector of revenue, a
Dressing, compounding. Education, instruction, correction. king's officer, a collector's servant. -

Composition. Augmentation. P e.9% c-; tarbiyat kardan,
To educate, to instruct. To compose. To season. To mix.
A *F turabiyat, A reddish kind of grain.
A c-; tarbit, (11 of ~9 not in use) Feeding (a child).
Putting to sleep by giving gentle taps on the side.
*2% c-; tarbiyat-pazir, Docile, teachable, tractable.
A t tarbih, (11 of ty) Gaining by merchandize. Giving
r 22, -2, tart o mart, Scattered, dispersed.
A -ji tartib, (11 of y) Making firm, solid. Causing to
rise. Placing erect. Rendering perpetual. Arranging, putting
(every thing) in its proper place. Observing the order pre
scribed in performing one's ablutions. " Order, disposition, ar
rangement, method. P e ; To arrange, to put in order.
\s 23, 2-, -j In alphabetical order. -

A J tartil, (11 of J) Reciting, chanting, singing.

profit or advantage (to another).
a 3.9, tarbid, (11 of x, y) Having the udder full of milk, and A c, tartin, (11 of ej) Mixing; a mixture of dough and fat.
shining black and white before yeaning (a sheep). Ae; tarassun, (w of ej) Painting her face (a woman).
Aj, tarbiz, (11 of jy) Filling (a leathern bottle). & tarsiyat, (11 of es) Lamenting, praising (the dead).
A

A ver, tarbis, (11 of Ly) Filling (a bottle, &c.). J tars in, (11 of c) Saturating the ground (rain).
A

A sr tarbt, (11 of 89) Dividing into four. Making a Tarj, Name of a place abounding in lions; hence the
A

quadrangular or square figure. Multiplying any number by proverb g s er. A-) afra-amin al mshi bi Tari,
itself. An angle of ninety degrees. S-F J3. A quadrangu
lar figure. S-F J) A quadrangular aspect of the stars.
A c, tarbik, (11 of Gj) Making a noose for taking a kid.
Interlarding (a story) with lies.
P -, tarp, A magpie. Black broth.
r2.5 tarpar (or 85 tarpak), A magpie. Black broth.
r; tarpliyah, A large, lofty gate.
A 55 tirat (from 5,), Avenging murder. Prosecuting, pro
Bolder than he who walks in a Tarj; i.e. among the lions.
A *F tarajjuh, (v of *) Prevailing against, excelling.
Being moved to and fro (as a swing or any thing suspended).
Aj-, tarajus, (v of 5-2) Rumbling (as thunder). Being
moved very gently by the wind (a cloud fraught with rain).
Singing to his camels in the verse called rajaz (a camel-driver).
A -, taraijf, (v of --y) Being moved, or moveable.
J-F tarajul, (v of Jay) Walking on foot. Sitting on feet.
A

moting any thing bad. Terrifying. Prompting to revenge.Placing (a chafing-dish) under the feet. Going down into a
Ill-will. Anger. Turrat, Handsome, soft, but foolish, woman. well. Shining (sun). Acquiring masculine habits (a woman).
r 2, turt, Confused, jumbled, mixed. A ev turfamn, tarjaman, or tirjaman, An interpreter,

F_\,; tartar, A raging, swelling torrent. a translator of languages. A present, bribe, or fine. A petition.
A C-5, turtab, Solid, well arranged (business). Turtab or A & tarjamat (from *F Q), Interpreting, translating.

turtub, Perpetuity. A bad servant. Earth, dust. A 44-5 tarjamah or tarjumah, Interpretation, translation.
A --, tarattub, (v of e-j) Being firm, solid, well ar Pv , -; tarjumah-nawis, A translator.
ranged. P J --> e.93 ziyan tarattub kardan, To injure.
A -A turtubbat, Similitude of way or manner.
A Usr taraj?, (v of ;-) Hoping.
A +F tarjib, (11 of -y) Revering, honouring, re
rej, tartabidan, To tremble. (Castellus). specting. Supporting the branches of trees, to prevent their
A &; turtat, A stuttering, a stammering. being broken down by the weight of fruit. Tying clusters of
A 32; tartarat (from A, Q) Moving, agitating, shaking back dates to the branches of palm-trees to prevent their being broken
wards and forwards. Talkativeness. Languor in body or speech.
P % tartrak, The loud cracking of any thing which is
off by the wind. Fencing a palm-tree with thorns to prevent
cloven asunder. A kind of wild beast. Tirtirak, A sparrow,
any one from eating the dates. Sacrificing in the month Rajab,
with a red head. Light, weak, undignified. Turturak, Name a *-* A tarjiyat, (11 of ;-) Hoping, desiring,
A.**F tarjah, (11 of z) Giving what preponderates.
of a pleasant spot near Shirz.
P SF turtuk, A pheasant. A partridge. Preferring, considering as more valuable or important. Gain
p 4-95 tartaktah, A large sail made of cotton.
ing a superiority. Excellence, pre-eminence. *> \ t
A J5; tarattal, (v of J) Singing or speaking with a sweet tarjah bila murajah, Unreasonable preference.
distinct musical voice. A sr tarjit, (11 of say) Bringing back. Receiving
A c, turtam or turtum, Continual, uninterrupted (evil). back a repudiated wife. Raising and falling the voice alter
A * tarattum, (v of ) Having a string tied round the fin nately (in prayer, or in making the solemn attestation, y! J')
ger, as a memorandum. <!!! Jy *s : <!!! t ilah ill allah wa Muhammad rasilu
r 22 <> tart mart, Scattered. Wile, abject. Plunder. 'llah, There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the apostle
r x-, tartand, Vain, useless. f God). Repeating the ejaculation from the Kur'an, ; <!!!"
 -

t 389 >>
g-y J. Glinn Pillah wa inn ilayhirjina, Verily we *F turkham, (turkhum or **F turkhum), Man, man
A

belong to God and verily we shall return to him, which the kind. * *A J Je L m adri ayyu turkhamin huwa, I
Muhammadans are used to do in seasons of perplexity and dis know not what man he is.
tress. Ambling (a horse). The bending of a horse's fore-feet p s tarkhandah (for s, tarfundah), Fraud, falsehood.
(in ambling). Lines marked upon the face with the point of a P &\;<> tarkhnah, Thick pottage, frumenty, portable soup.

needle, which they rub over with indigo or woad.
tw 8-2-5 tarji-band, A kind of verse in which the same
line recurs at stated intervals. (Gladwin's Dissert.)
A Jy tarjil, (11 of Jay) Making (hair) partly crisp part
ly smooth. Letting down, combing the hair. Strengthening.
A *F tarjim, (11 of **) Stoning. Killing. Erecting a
monument of marble or other stone.
*At; tariha, (fut. c.2 yatrahu) He was sad.
A t tarh, Poverty, indigence. Tarah, Melancholy, grief,
anguish, care. * 93 cy **** sada-i tarah-faza, A most me
lancholy voice, avoice increasing sorrow. A Tarih, Good for little.
A --> tarhb, (11 of -->9) Saying marhaban, Welcome. P Jey tar-daman, A strumpet, a courtezan, an immodest
Pe tar-khn, Blood-thirsty, impure. Dragon-wort. A
strolling soldier. A kind of millet. Brazilian wood.
A Las; tarkhis, (11 of La) Permitting, allowing, giving
leave, conniving. Freeing from trouble; rendering easy, remiss.
A ~~~ tarkhim, (11 of **) Causing a hen to sit. Speaking
smoothly and speciously. Making thin, fine, delicate. Cutting
off (a syllable). Abbreviation, contraction, apocope. A gentle
raising of the voice.
r & tarkhinah, A sort of food. See &\s; tarkhanah.
pe, turd, Any thing thin, delicate, fragile.
A e'e; tardad, (11 of 99 radda) Resisting, opposing, wavering.

A Ju-5 tirhal, Ajourney, a departure.

woman. An infamous boy. A whoremonger. Stigmatized.
a c-, tarahruh, (11 of t 9) Spreading his legs out (a A 99; taraddud, (v of ey radda) Being opposed, driven
horse) when about to stale.
AJ-F tarahhul, (v of J-2) Departing, emigrating, tra
velling. Saddling a camel. Putting a load on a camel. Riding
on a camel. Becoming fat and fit for a journey (a camel). Com
pelling one against his inclination.
A ~5 tarahhum, (v of --) Pitying, commiserating, feeling hesitation or dissimulation, without ceremony.
a tender sympathy towards. Pity, compassion.
A tarahhi, (v of U-2) Coiling up (as a serpent).
A -->; tarhib, (11 of -->y) Welcoming a guest by say
ing -> marhaban, God bless you! you are welcome. In
witing to whatever is agreeable.
A -y tarhiyat, (11 of J-2) Driving away.
A tarhih, Preponderance, outweighing. (Casterius.)
J--> tarhil, (11 of J-y) Sending, ordering to depart.
A.
**~5 tarhim, (11 of -) Having compassion upon.
* {y tarkh, Dragon-wort. An orange.
*tJi tarkh, A slight incision. Scarification.
p Js; tarkhl, The dung of birds.
res; tarkhn, Free, exempted from tribute or taxes. At
large, uncontrolled. Dragon-wort. A certain tribe of Turks.
r&s; tarkhanah (or &\;=F tarkharnah), Milk soured,
coagulated, dried in the sun, and preserved for winter-food.
P & tarakhtah, A sort of fish.
p **; tarakhchah, A vine-prop; a wine-shoot newly planted.
Pjy tarakhar, Wild cresses.
* J; tarakhsh, (imp. of ex~, tarakhshidan) Draw.
A Uls; tarakhkhush, (v of U-J) Being moved.
A vas; tarakhkhus, (w of Lay) Being remiss, easy, slack.
Being low-priced (provisions). Being tender. Obtaining leave.
P **s tarakhanj or tarkhaanj, The night-mare,
back, rejected, refuted. Going to and fro. Wavering, hesi
tating. Refusal, resistance, opposition. Irresolution, fluctua
tion of opinion, suspension of judgment. Conversation, corres
pondence. Application, labour, investigation. Cultivation, im
provement. P is, 99; bi taraddud o takalluf, Without
A cee, taraddudit, (pl. of 99, taraddud) Labours, exer
tions. &#99 299; taraddudt-i dunyawiyah, Attention to
worldly affairs.
A U-9, taraddus, (v of U-9) Falling (into a well). Falling
from a mount. Putting on a cloak. See also so, taraddi.
P -e, tar-dast, Ready-headed, clever, dexterous, expert.
re-e; tar-dasti, Activity, handiness, expertness, adroitness.
P F tardak (or 95 tazdak) A mite. A weevil.
A *9; taraddum, (v of **) Having an affection (as a mother,
for her offspring). Being worn or torn (as a garment), and
requiring to be mended. Being mended. Mending. Being
protracted (a law-suit). Animadverting. Observing what is
dome from an eminence. Being punished for a fault.
r so, tardah, A pair. A bond. Title-deeds. The price
paid for grinding. (in comp.) Grinding. A miller.
A se; taraddi, (v of sey) Falling (into a well). Tum
bling (from a mountain). Putting on a cloak or long robe. Be
ing used as a cloak. Going, walking. Wearing a girdle or
belt adorned with jewels (a lady).
A #9; tardiyat, (11 of 59) Clothing another with a long
robe, cloak, or upper garment. Throwing (into a well). Cast
ing from a height.
A M9, tardid, (11 of 3, radda) Driving to and fro. Turning
over in one's mind. Repelling. Resisting. Opposition, discord.
P & 2, 23,-- har-i tardid, The disjunctive particle \, y, Or.

_s_-

c 390
A U-23; tardis, (11 of vey) Attacking with stones.
A i.e; tardif, (11 of 5) Following. Subjoining.
A *9F tardm, (11 of r) Shutting (a door). Closing up (a
hole). Mending (a garment). Completing (a discourse). Being
affectionate (as a mother to her offspring).
A ce; tardn, (ii of eye) Putting sleeves (to a garment).
A J; tarzil, (11 of JS) Despising, reprobating.
*A3; taraza, (fut:32 yatrisuor yatrazu) The flesh was hard. ing, transmitting. Drinking milk. Reading in a low voice.
A3, tarz, Hunger. The cholic, to which cattle are subject
well. Marking, painting (a garment with stripes).
by eating grass wet with dew.
P e."); tar-zabn, Moist, glib-tongued. Easy-flowing (pen).
An eloquent speaker. An interpreter.
p s tarzadah (or sexy tarzudah), Any deed, debt, or
contract, signed by parties, or a judge. For the rest see se.
P Jy tar-afn, An interpreter. A fine, an amercement.
A cy, tarazzun, (w of cy) Being respected, honoured. Be
ing modest, mild, gentle, grave, sedate.
A 3-5F tarzi-at, (II ofy) Injuring, or benefiting much.
A *3P tarzih, (11 of cy) Fatiguing, weakening, emaciating.
Ajj F tarxis, (ii of 39 razza) Strewing, spreading. Making
easy. Smoothing, levelling, polishing.
p c, tarzik, A lie or fiction invented for mirth or irony, a
white lie, a romance. Anything vain, futile.
A *3P tarzim, (11 of p) Collecting in a heap.
P U-, tars, (s HTH) Fear, terror. (imp. of e- tarsi
dan) Fear thou. Turs, Hard, strong. Turus, Hardness of the
soil. Hard soil. Land uncultivated, not yet broken up.
A J, tirs, Hard (soil). Turs, A shield, a target, a buckler.
P -> tars, (from J-y tars?dan) Fearing. Timid. A
Christian. An infidel. A pagan, a worshipper of fire.
P <!-F tars-bachah, The son of a Christian.
P Je;-- Lr' tars-astdn, Certain prayers, or portions of
the Zand, which the Parsis read during three days and nights at
the cemetery of a deceased person.
P Jy tarsn, Timid, fearful. J e tarsan shudan,
To be afraid. Tarsn, A large dish or tray in which bread or
fruit is carried about, or exposed (for sale). A fruit-basket.
Pe: tarsndan, To frighten, to terrify, to inspire dread.
A& tirasat, (pl. of J turs) Shields.
r , tirist, A kind of measure. Three hundred. A wea
ver's beam. (CASTELLUs.)
A J-F tarassul, (v of J-9) Doing (any thing) softly, easily,
gently, smoothly, deliberately.
A *F tarassum, (v of ry) Beholding, contemplating. Ob
serving the marks of any thing. Tracing the outlines of an in
tended building.
r t tars-nk, Terrified, afraid. Timid. Terrible.
p >3.5 tarsindah, Who fears. Timid. Fearful.
r &; tarsah, Imagination, fancy. Tursah, The rainbow.
*
Jy
A use, tursy, Belonging to a shield, shield-like.
P J-y tarsidan, To fear, to dread. To be in apprehension.
rjse-; tarsidah-kr (or Asse-tarsidah-gr), Afearer.
A. *F tars it, (11 of S-9) Having sore eyes. Having an
amulet tied to the hand or foot to avert the influence of evil eyes.
A 8 tarsigh, (11 of 8-9) Reaching the fetlock (water),
Jey tarsil, (11 of J-9) Sending a great deal. Despatch
A
A --sy tarsim, (11 of *9) Distinguishing properly. Writing
P Jy tursh, Acid, tart, sour. Morose, stern, cynical. Hard
favoured, ugly. ex-J tursh gashtan, To become sour.
A L, tarash, Levity in words or action. Tarish, Light.
A *F tarsha, (A horse or sheep) marked with white spots.
A L*F tarshash, A sprinkling. A pain-giving blow.
P e turshndan, To cause to grow sour, to acidulate.
P Jy tursh-7, Sourness, acidity, harshness.
P *; tursh-ba, Sour gruel, acid broth.
P turusht, tirshit or turshut, A gardener's sack.
A *; tarashshuh, (v of **) Sweating, exuding. Being
able, fit to go (a colt) with (his) mother.
re, tar shudan, To be played upon, bantered, molested.
P 9 J L tursh-r, Of a sour countenance.
A v. 3, tarashshush, (v of Ly rashsha) Being sprinkled.
re, Ujj tursh-shirin, Sour-sweet. Subacid.
P sk Ujj tursh-taba (or zy- mis), Sour-tempered,harsh.
p ><! U; tursh-tam, Acid, sour-flavoured.
A -i-, tarashshu, (v of -) Sipping, sucking.
p : 3, turshak, Name of a bird; also of a herb.
P *J tursh-giya (or *UWF), A sour herb; wild sorrel.
P *** tursh-mak, Very acid.
r & 8, tarshah, A sort of fruit. Turshah, A kind of sorrel.
P g &; turshah-turunj, Lemon-juice.
p c-. 44, turshah-shirin, Of an agreeable acid, subacid.
P J turshi, Sourness. Pickles. Sad, sorrowful. Crabbed.
A Jy tarashshi, (v of y) Acting, dealing gently with.
P Jy turshi-bd, Acid. Flatulent.
p e Jby turshi-pln, A strainer, a colander.
A *** tarshih, (11 of **) Administering well (an estate).
Educating from tender years. Accustoming (her young) to
suck a very little at a time (a mother).
Pe; turshidan, To become sour. To ferment.
P L, tarshish, A kind of stone.
A L; tarshish, (11 ofLy rashsha) Sprinkling (water).
r K-8; turshishak (or -&y turshikak) Subaeid.
r K+; turshinak, Garden-sorrel.
A Q-e, tarassud, (v of Jey) Observing steadily with attentive
eyes; expecting, waiting for. Hoping.
A t tarassue, (v of -2) Being cheerful. Joy, glad."
A Le tarsis, (11 of U2, rassa) Joining closely, pitching,

&P
soldering, glueing. Laying over with lead. Covering the face
with a veil, the eyes only being seen.
A 8-25 tarsfe, (ii of 8-ey) Framing, measuring. Adorning
with jewels or gold. When the author in prose or in verse di
vides his sentence into distinct parts, and assigns to each word
another corresponding with it in measure and in rhyme.
A -i-, tarsif, (11 of -ie) Joining well together (stones in
pavements, or feet in prayer). Binding a macerated nerve
round the head of an arrow.
A ce, tarsin, (11 of cre) Overcoming by knowledge.
A F tarazzub, (v of --~9) Licking the lips lasciviously.
*F tarazzuh, (v of c) Being bruised, pounded.
A *F tarazzukh, (w of) Being bruized (serpent's head).
A Jr, tarazruz, (11 of Jr, Q) Being broken by pounding.
Aug, tarazzi, (v of s) Satisfying. Asking (his) consent.
A&F tarziyat, (II of) Satisfying, contenting.
A vi, tarziz, (11 of Jy razza) Breaking in large pieces,
A J; tarattul, (v of Jy) Having a soft delicate son. Ha
wing soft ears.
A *F tarattum, (v of *) Keeping in (excrement).
A -*; tartib, (11 of ) Moistening, macerating. Wet
ting (a garment). Eating fresh dates.
A J; tartil, (11 of J) Rendering anything limber and
soft by anointing with oil, oiling the hair. Weighing, balancing.
A & F tariza, (fut. & A yatraeu) (The vase) was full.
A {F tarak (from {F), Being full, replete. Hastening pre
cipitately into any thing bad. Plunging into business (with ea
gerness and cheerfulness). Turning away.
A bottle, a vessel,
or cistern full. Tarie, Full. Prone to anger.
A f tirtb, (11 of -) Terrifying. Timid, terrified.
A *F tartaka, God preserve you!
A &le; tiraiyat, One who looks well after camels.
A -e, Taraab, Name of a frightful desert.
A *; turtat, A gate, a door. A pleasant garden having an
elevated situation. A step, especially to a pulpit. A face, ap
pearance, manner. An open place. The mouth of a well where
cattle drink. A fountain-head or spring.
A -e, tarattus, (v of c-ey obsolete) Putting in ear-rings.
A & J taratrut, (11 of & Jy Q) Moving, growing (a lad).
A ke; tarateuz, (w of ae) Endeavouring to make the ca
mel's load equal, when it leans on one side.
A s tirta (i.e., tartiyat or turtiyat), One who feeds
well and takes good care of camels (especially about the house).
A ge; taratti, (v of Je) Feeding. Going to pasture.
A ---, tarb, (11 of -e) Striking with terror.
Alice; tartis, (11 of ae) Rendering languid and slothful.
Making brisk. Moving (the fingers, or to pull up a stake).
A -ize; tarti, (11 of -ie) Bleeding at the nose. Ordering
to make haste. Filling (a leathern bottle) till (it) overflows.
- --
391 2P
P & F turugh, A chesnut-coloured, or bay horse.
P *j targhzah, Powerful. Overbearing. Headstrong.
P Jy turghak (or J turghn), A toll, a duty. A fellow
traveller. A (night) watch against an enemy or a robber.
f s, taraghdah, Ajoint stiff, motionless, and unserviceable.
Bruised. Shaken. Squeezed. Compact.
r L, targhish, A sort of apricot.
A *F taraghghum, (v of) Being angry; braying (a camel).
r xe, targhand (or ***, targhandah), A motionless joint.
r xi, targh, A kind of vest of scarlet silk.
Pe; targhn, A royal mandate.
A us; taraghgh?, (v of 53.9). Foaming (a camel).
A - targh?b, (11 of -) Exciting desire. Making
wishful. Stimulating. Tempting.
A &#5 targhiyat, (11 of >3) Foaming, being frothy (milk).
A *F targhim, (11 of **) Saying to another "Vy *V
raghman raghman, i. e. Whether you like it or not.
P F tarf, Sour clotted milk, strained and dried in the sun
for winter-use. A cheese-worm or mite. Turf, A radish.
A J-92 turfas, (in the dialect of the Moors) Toadstools, puffs.
P J; tirfak (and J; turkk) A sword-bearer, an esquire
(in the Khrasmian dialect).
P e; tarfan, Eloquent. An interpreter. A fine.
P ; tarf-ba, A kind of food made from clotted cream.
A &; turfat, Beautiful, elegant, gallant. Any thing elegant
or gallant presented to a sweetheart. The conveniences or
luxuries of life. Delicate meats. A tumour upon the upper lip.
r & turfad, A kind of bird.
P Lj F tar-farsh, A hypocrite, an arch dissembler.
A L+P taraffuz, (v of vii) Being dispersed. Being torm up.
A 83; taraffue, (v of S-3) Ascending a place. Boasting.
A *** taraffugh, (v of 8-9) Living delightfully.
A C, taraffuk, (v of G3) Being benevolent, friendly. Be
coming a friend or fellow-traveller.
A J3; tarafful, (v of J) Walking pompously.
P & taranj, A narrow pass, a difficult way.
P & 5, tarfand, A falsity, a thing totally impossible. A vain,
idle promise. Fraud, deceit. The confines of a country which
march with those of an enemy. A wild cucumber.
f s, tarfandah, A lie, a falsehood. Fraud. Fear.
p;3, taru (or l; tarf-wa), Meat prepared with the milk
described under the word 3, tarf.
A &#; tari-at, (11 of b) Congratulating new-married peo
ple, by saying er", =9A With concord and children.
A s, tarfid, (11 of 33) Giving, presenting. Assisting.
Bringing aid. Propping, shoring up. Closing, tying a ban
dage (over a wound). Choosing a chief or lord. Reverencing,
exalting, magnifying. Trotting.
A Li, tarfiz, (ii of U43) Leaving a little water (in a
leathern bottle). Hanging loose, dangling (a horse's penis).
 &y 392
A 8-3, tarfit, (11 of 839) Exalting. Carrying off. Driving f c, tarkin, An interlineation. A line drawn above and
(a camel) fast. Going one while fast, and at another time slow below a word to indicate that it is erased.
(an ass).Retreating from battle. A c, tarkin, (11 of c3) Tinging (the beard) with cyprus.
A c, tarfik, (from G3) Using kindly. Taking as a tra- | Dyeing with saffron. Marking with black. Drawing lines near
velling companion. Being associated with. one another and dotting them. A check-mark made in the book
A J tarfil, (11 of J3) Magnifying, making great. Putting of a revenue-collector to prevent any sum being reckoned twice.
in possession of Being filled (a well with water). Swinging SkA F taraka, (fut. A yatruku) He left.

the arms or body when walking. A species of verse. P F tark, A quiver. A helmet. A split. The sash of a
r &; tarfinah, A kind of black broth. turban. The strings of a tent. Name of a town in Azarbjn.
A 4:3; tarih, (11 of 33) Making easy and convenient. Ena- | Tarak, A ditch, a trench, a moat. A kind of sweetmeat. A
bling one to live peacefully and comfortably. Allowing (camels) virgin, a maid. Thunder. The noise made in splitting. A
to drink (their) fill daily. Using lenity towards (a debtor). split, a notch. Name of a river. (dim. of, tar), Somewhat
Peace, tranquillity. J);-) *F A tranquil state. Pere -3; moist. Tirak (for AP tirak), Whatever is broken with a crash,

." e-'9 tarfia-i tibad dadan, To give peace to the people. F tark (from F), Abandoning, forsaking, leaving,
A !

A 33; tarkat,(from J Q) Hurting the collar-bone. Pc F To abandon, desert, leave, quit, forsake, throw off.
A -3; tarakkub, (v of 39) Contemplating. Watching, --- .<F Rudeness, unpoliteness, incivility. w Je .*
| waiting for, hoping. Making astronomical observations. To abandon one's country. Jr- .<F To expose one's life.
A </ tarakkuh, (v of ty) Providing (for one's family). AP % Turk, A Turk, comprehending likewise those nume- l.

A J; tarakkush, (v of Ly) Being polished, adorned.
i A J tarakkus, (v of La) Being moved up and down.
- A sF tarakkut, (v of ty) Gaining, studying to gain.
| A Jy tarakkuk, (v of U) rakka) Condoling, pitying,
A J tarakkun, (v of Jy) Tinging the palms of the hand,
rous nations of Tartars between Khrzam and China, who all
claim descent from Turk, the son of Japhet. (As those people .
have in general fine countenances, with large black eyes, the g
Persian poets make frequent use of this word to express beautiful s
youth of both sexes). A Scythian, a barbarian, a robber, a plun- ".

the nails, or hair with the cyprus or privet; also with saffron. derer, a villain, a vagabond. Name of a place in Syria. J *
p &P tarkanj, The rupture. A ghasalu't turk, The gazel roving at large. j .4% '.
r xi.; tarkand, Futile, vain. Fraud, deceit. turk-i ashkar, The sanguinary Turk. (met.) The planet Mars. '..
r; tarik, Power, dignity. J:- ~% turk-i Chin, The Chinese Tartar. (met.) The sun. s
A $53, tarkicator turkwat, The collar-bone, shoulder-blade. s- 24, turk-i hisri, The sun. The moon, e-y .4%
A Jr tarakk?, (v of ) Ascending. Excelling, becoming turk-i rstyn, Garlic. ** Ja- .<F turk-i sultn
superior. Making a progress (in learning). Promotion, pre- shukuh, The majestic Turk. (met.) The world-illuminating sun. 's
ferment, advancement. Increase (of salary). Proficiency. 43 ~ F turk-i falak, The planet Mars. The sun. * ''.
A ; tarakkiyat, (pl. of tarakk?) Augmentations. ** turk-i muarbid, The planet Mars. jr <F turk-i
A 3.5; tarkiyat, (11 of ) Causing to ascend. Speaking nim-roz, The sun.
aloud. Reporting, telling that which has been heard elsewhere. A t turuk, (pl. of & tarkat and & F tarikat) Forsaken *
A tarkih, (11 of ty) Taking proper care of an estate, eggs. Helmets. ,
making a right use of riches. P S; tarka, A lady, a matron. $
A*:3; tarkd, A certain manner of walking. (CASTELLUs). A. <2\,; tarikat, (pl. of & tarikat) Things left after death,
re, tarkidan, To break, to split, to crack, to cleave. inheritances, bequests, legacies. - S.
A U-3; tarkish, (11 of Ly) Adorning, embellishing (a dis- h tarkari, Garden-stuff. *.
course). Bringing word. Marking with white or black points. P J% turkan, (pl. of F turk) Turks. won
Beautiful .
A La; tarks, (11 of Jai) Ordering to leap. Dandling (an Matrons, ladies. Handsome men, Cuckolds. Mendicants f
infant). Making (a camel) caper or curvet. Moving the head. r- turkn-i charkh, (Turks of the sphere) The seven planets.
A 83; tarkt, (11 of t) Mending a garment by inserting P &\; turkanah, Like a Turk, Turk-like. &

a patch. Taking proper care of (an estate). P 39; turkani, A kind of spacious upper garment wor" by ,

A Jy tarkik, (II of U) rakka) Reducing to servitude. the women of Turkistan.

Softening, thinning, diluting Speaking properly. Proceeding A % tarakkub, (v of ~9) Being composed. Bergi
with a slow step. c; s.Ac Rules for speaking with propriety, serted (one thing into another, as a stone in a ring). Being `s
A tarkim, (11 of ) Writing. Pointing orthographi- fixed (as the head upon a spear). s.
cally, placing the vowel-points. Marking with the price (cloth, A tarkat, An egg abandoned by the chicken. A helmet. s
goods). Drawing lines. A tax-gatherer's mark. An agreement. | Tarikat, A legacy, a bequest. An inheritance. s

rj F turk-tz, An inroad for the sake of plunder and de
vastation. The pretended indifference or indignation of lovers.
P .5% turk-tz, A plundering excursion, a roving about.
p L- % turk-jsh, (Meat) codled, parboiled.
P & Turkchah, Turkish, like a Turk.
P & tarakkuh, (v of &) Delaying. Being easily contained.
Using freely; following one's own discretion.
PJ/ tar kardan, To moisten, to bedev. To steep, to dye.
*Jj f tar kardan-i zabn, Speaking harshly. Keep
ing any thing in the mouth.
r; tarkaz, A field sown with
seeds and reaped. The se
cond ploughing, or second crop. A furrow. A fallow field.
*}; tarkaj, Seed. A field prepared for sowing.
re-3, Turkistan, Trn, Turkomania, or Transoxania.
r- F turk-suwr, A horseman, a cavalier.
pv tarkash, The wrist. A quiver. --> y U-35 He
exhausted his quiver, i.e. he was conquered, or surrendered.
P& U.S.; tarkash-band, Wearing a quiver.
rj;- v tarkash-jawz, Name of a constellation in the
sign Gemini resembling a quiver.
F F Turk-ghari, Name of a cruel people in Turkistan.
A J tarakkul, (v of J%) Putting the foot upon any thing
(as a spade), digging up the ground.
P J Turkumn, A Turkomn, a vagrant Turk.
re-, Turkumnistan, Turkomnia.
* 34%; Turkuman?, Turkish, Turkomn.
Pc- ~% turk-mizaj, Wicked, deceitful, sly, cunning.
Aft tarakkun, (v of eft) Being firmly established.
** turkand, Anything vain, useless. Fraud, deceit.
p ** tarkandah, Foolish, trivial conversation. Deceit.
pc tarkin, A strap attached to the fore or hinder part of
a saddle, by which a portmanteau is made fast. A thong for
tying the hands of captives together.
turkihr (or ey's ~% tark-i hran), A trencher.
p J Turki, Turkish, Turk-like. A porcupine. J stained with blood.
turki kardan, To oppress, to injure.
A ~.; Turkiyt, Turkish writings, Turkish affairs (which
are considered as barbarous by the Arabians and Persians).
A ~4; tarkb, (11 of ~9) Composing. Setting (a stone
in a ring. Fixing (a head upon a spear) Composition, com
pound, compost, mixture. Mortar, cement. Make, form, me
chanism. The body. A note in music. An adjunct epithet in
composition, an adjective compounded and composing, a com
Pounding particle; the contracted Persian particle, used in com
pounding words; the second part of a compounding word, as j
bi: inj- fishk-bz, Sporting with love.
P& ~5 tarkb-band, A species of poetry.
A. Jr.; tarkb, Compounded, mixed. Artful, artificial.
P & tarkidan or tirkidan, To cleave. To crack.
-
393 *>
A}}, tarkz, (11 of ) Fixing (a halberd) in the ground.
(God) fixing in the earth mines (of gold and silver).
A <</ tarkik, (11 of t rakka) Attenuating much. Folly.
A J tarkil, (11 of J) Kicking, striking with the foot.
A e F tarkin, (11 of c) Making alike.
P 8.; tirlik, A short-sleeved garment open in front.
P J tarlangn, God, quickening, creating.
P *; tarlawah, An ascending and descending road.
P tarm, A cloud.
A t taram, A pain in the fundament of animals.
A ( l) taram, Especially, first of all.
P es; tarmanidan, To cause to throw.
***** tarma), A species of falcon.
r x<y Tirmid, Name of a city.
A rs; taramrum, (11 of rv Q) Being silent. Muttering.
Ajy tarammuz, (v of jy) Being confounded by a blow.
Being in commotion, tumultuous. Preparing one's self, girding
up the loins. Breaking wind violently.
Peyers; tarmazdan, To be silent.
P U-9, tarmas or tarmus, Abramble. Tarmus, A kind of
millet, Turkey-corn. A lupin. Turmus, A bean; the carob-tree.
A *s, tarmasat, A place constructed under ground for cool
air in summer, or for preserving provisions.
P & 9 tarmasah, A weight of eight grains, or two beans.
P C-; tarmish, The carob-tree. Tarmush, A blackberry.
A bramble. The mulberry-tree.
P_r ~, taramshir, A species of elixir.
A Lvy tarammus, (v of J&J) Hunting (a doe) under the
noon-day sun, when the animal becomes an easy prey.
A ss; tarammut, (v of 8-9) Trembling with rage.
A C-2, tarammuk, (v of Gy) Drinking (milk or water), by
sipping it at several times.
P <<F tirmak, Hardness of heart.
A J taram mul, (v of Jv) Becoming a widow. Being
A -:t tarammum, (v of cy ramma) Being separated,
F -s; tar-manisht, Wickedness.
P sys; tarmiarah, A swing, a see-saw.
P Urs, tarmsh, Abramble.
P & tarmah, Fraud, deceit. Tarmah or turmah, A saddle
cloth. A radish.
A J; tarammi, (v of use) Shooting, throwing at a mark.
A C-2 tarmis, (ii of e-v) Leaving milk in the udder.
A 3-cy tarmid, (11 of ~9) Reducing to ashes. Dyeing of an
ash-colour. Covering, soiling with ashes. Giving milk (a ewe).
Pe tarmidan, To shoot, to throw, to hurl.
A L-97 tarmix, (11 of Ly) Tarrying (for another) some
time, and then proceeding.
A s tarmit, (11 of 8-9) Producing an abortion (a beast).
3 E
 A --:, tarmigh, (11 of 8-9) Embellishing (a story). Anoint
ing (the head). Seasoning a flour-pudding with fat or dripping.
A c-; tarmik, (II of cy) Turning the face, looking all
round, persevering in looking. Larding (a speech) with rheto
rical flowers, embellishing with fictions. Sipping milk.
A J tarmil, (11 of Jy) Tinging, besmearing with blood.
Putting meat amongst sand (by way of preservation).
A **** tarmim, (11 of pyramma), Mending (a garment), re
pairing (a house). P Jka- **** To repair a fortress.
rey taran, The dog-rose. A field. A desert.
A cy; taran (for eye daran), Filth, nastiness.
A UF (e." ibnu) turn, Wile, inglorious, ignoble.
A. 9, taranna or turanna, The cypress-tree.
P J-92 tarnas, The twanging of a bow-string.
p &\,; tarnanah, Whatever is eaten with bread.
P *F taranj, A narrow pass. Taranj or turunj, Wrinkled,
squeezed, drawn together. Hard, rough, dry. A wrinkle, a
Turunj, An orange. j turunj-i zar (or
fold, a plait.
es z turunj-i mihirgn), The sun.
P J taranjn or turunjn, Balm-gentle, parsley.
p er taranjubin, Manna (a kind of honied dew).
p J*} taranji, A squeezing with the tips of the fingers, and
the impression left by them. Turunji, Orange-coloured.
p J taranjidan, To squeeze, to compress, to bind with
a belt. To curb, to pull. To be soft, and extremely slack.
P **** taranjdah, Squeezed; twisted. Grieved, afflicted.
A t tarannuh, (v of t) Staggering (with drink). A sip.
A t tarannukh, (v of t) Adhering. Cleaving to.
r x, tarand or tirand, A very small yellow bird.
p_x, tarandar, A sparrow with a red head.
P ; tarandak, The noise made in cleaving any thing. A
sort of wild beast. A small yellow bird. Light, weak.
A c, tarannuk, (w of Gy) Being disturbed, muddy (water).
P <&P tarang, The twang of a bow-string. The sound of
a musical cord when played upon. The whizzing of an arrow.
The crown of the head. A whirlpool. A burst, a rent. Pain.
A wound. A sound, a shout, a clamour. (in comp.) Stirring
up. Strong. Tirang, Handsome. Good. Turang, A prison.
A tube. A gun-barrel. Turnag, A pheasant. A partridge.
P <&P t; tarang-a-tarang, The twanging of a (bow) string.
pJ turangn, A kind of citron.
pC tirangnidan, To cause to twang.
PC-47 tarangubin, Manna. A difficult road. (CAST.)
re tirangidan, To twang. To be parted.
A tarannum, (v of *) Singing, modulating. Cooing (as
a dove). Creaking (as a locust's wing). Twanging (as a
bow-string). Song, rythm.
A r taranmut, A twanging bow.
P & F tarnand, The dashing of the waves.
A i,j Tarnat, Name of a place in Egypt.
A J33, tarniak, Mud at the bottom of a river or cistern.
A 3, turniik, Vile, base. Lean.
A J, taranni, (v of 59) Looking intently upon.
P J tarniyan, A wicker-basket. A sieve, a searce.
r 5; tarnib, A sort of pale rose. Tirnib, A fire-shovel.
A&R tarniyat, (11 of 33 y) Causing to gaze incessantly. Ex
citing one either to dance or sing. A shrill voice.
A tarnih, (11 of c) Throwing into a fainting-fit. Stun
ning. Being weak. Being seized with a fit of shivering.
A t; tarnikh, (11 of t) Bringing into subjection.
A s, tarnia, (11 of 839) Moving the head.
A c, tarnik, (11 of G) Rendering turbid. Making clear,
Consulting together. Weighing down the eye-lids (sleep).
Continuing in one place. Fluttering with (his) wings, yet re
maining stationary in the air (a bird). Weakness (in sight,
body, or business). A continued gaze. A fracture in a bird's
wing disabling it from flying.
A tarnim, (11 of *) Resounding. Singing. Cooing
(a dove). Creaking (locust's wing). Twanging (a bow-string).
A c, tarnin, (11 of cy ranna) Making (a bow) sound.
P 2, tur, Tender, frail, slender, thin. Fine, soft.
P -, turd (equivalent to c, turb), A radish.
A c: F tarawwuh, (y of ty) Ventilating, fanning. Growing
luxuriant (plants). Budding (a tree). Contracting a smell
from any neighbouring substance (water). Shedding its leaves
(a tree). Doing any thing, setting out, or returning about sun
set. Travelling in the night.
A Q, tarawwud, (v of xy) Shaking from thinness or fat.
A_2, turr (from , tarra), Falling, especially a bird when
flying. Being cut. Cutting. Being remote, absent.
A U-2, turns, (pl. of U2, turs) Shields, bucklers, targe".
A L-3A tarate-us, (v of J-9) Being appointed head, chief
P & 2, turshah, A kind of wild sorrel. A sort of fruit.
a 2.5 tarawwut, (v of 2) Being terrified. --
A dex; taricitah, The clangour or blastof a trumpel. " *3P
Jej tarwifah zadan, To sound taratantara.
A & P tarawwugh, (v of ) Rolling (as a horse).
A 5.5 taraw-u, (v of 9) Being pitiful, tender-hearted.
A :, taraw-um, (v of c) Love, tenderness, compassion.
f s, tarumidah or tirmidah, Mixed. Gained. - *
r A, tarwand, A false promise, broken faith. A ** idle,
impossible tale. Limits, confines. First-fruits.
pse, turwandah, Early fruits. First-fruits. Novelties.
P & 2, tarwah or tirawah, A pair, a match.
f targah (and f tarwin),
full of fissures and hollows. A difficult
Taruh, Single, odd, "..."
simple. Tur
wah, Equal, matched. A twin. (for 39; tdah), A heap.
p s tarhdah or tiruhidah, Mixed. Gotten.
 --
*>
A s taraww.i, (V of xy) Slaking, quenching one's thirst.
tarwiya (or &F
A tarw i-at ), (11 of w) Con sid eri ng
with attention. Answering with deliberation.
A - 25 tarwib, (ii of ~2) Thickening (milk).
&;
A tarw iyat, (II of xy ) Car ryi ng wat er to one' s fami ly,
satisfying their thirst. Compelling one to repeat the words of
another. Giving attention to, taking notice of. The eve of the
day on which the Muhammadan pilgrims perform their supersti
tious rites on Mount Arafat.
A & P tarwij, (11 of zzy) Getting ready. Placing a value
upon (goods, &c.), making them to be sold. Causing money to
be paid or received. Establishing, making to pass or go current.
A &F tarwih, (11 of cy) Perfuming any thing. Stilling,
quieting. Fanning. Driving (camels) home (in the evening).
A U42; tarwiz, (11 of J) Laying out a garden; making
any place pleasant by planting herbs and flowers. Training, in
structing, exercising, making tractable (a boy, or a colt).
A s tarwit, (11 of & 29) Terrifying.
A G tarwik, (11 of Jy) Straining off, making clear.
Stretching abroad, spreading forth her sablest veil (night). Co
vering the cieling with a kind of matting.
Jy tarwil, (11 of Jy) Spreading butter upon bread. Pre
A buildings. (metaphorically) The Pleiades.
paring to stale (a horse). Foaming at the mouth (a horse).
A *::F tarwim, (11 of xy) Setting one to seek for.
P & 25 tarwih, A road difficult to travel upon. Turwiyah, A
road full of hillocks and cavities.
P & tarh, The wards of a key. The beards of corn. Tarah,
Garden-herbs in general, especially beets, spinage, cresses, or
parsley. Humid, juicy. 3-,- ; A species of sweet basil.
J. 5; Origany. *A 5 Melissa.
A , turrah, Wain, foolish, futile.
A -ji turraht, (pl. of *F turrahat) Vain words, foolish
things, idle tales, trifles, bagatelles. Calamities, troubles.
A ; tarahhub, (v of S) Devoting one's self to religion,
embracing a monastic life. Threatening greatly. Dreading.
A Jy tarahbul (11 of Jy Q, Walking in a certain mode.
**F turrahat, A foolish word, an idle story, a trifle. A nar
w rough road. Misfortune, calamity. A little water remain
"g at the bottom. An animalcule living in the sand. Wind.
A cloud. Any thing small and slender.
p s *F tarah-tzak, Garden-herbs, cress. Elecampane.
* ****, tarah-dgh, Herbs and sour milk.
***, tarahruh, (11 of sy Q) Being soft, white, and shining
(the body). Glittering (a sort of water appearing on the sand).
* J; tarahhus, (v of U.S.) Being moved, agitated.
* r tarhashtan, To be disturbed. To chid (flee. To
beat.
A J; tarahhul, (v of J.S.) Being soft, loose sh).
* * *F tarah-mirah, Wild mustard.
****; tarhandah, Fresh, elegant, highly wrought.
* Q- 3 tira
-i 7b
* r tira-i nib, One who removes ashes, a dustman.
395
rse 2 s, tarah o dgh, Parboiled meat given to the poor.
*; turhut, Greedy, a swallower of large gobbets.
A
$ tarahwuk, (11 of $ q) Walking with a swing.
A
tarahhi, (v of Jy) Being reconciled; peace-making.
A
A Q-, tarhib, (11 of -by) Refreshing with fodder (a
camel almost worn out upon a journey). Making one a monk.
Striking with terror. Averting, deterring.
A s, tarhid, (11 of Aby) Displaying egregious folly.
A *F tarhit, (11 of **) Devouring voraciously, gobbling
down large mouthsfull. -
A J; tarhil, (11 of J.S.) Making (flesh) soft and flabby.
A Jy tarahyul, (11 of Jy Q) Walking with a certain gait.
A *F tarahyu-a, (II ofus, o) Meditating upon, setting about
(business). Walking with a tottering gait. Having eyes that
water (from age or close study). Being disposed to rain.
res; tari, Fresh. Elegant. Freshness. Moisture. Sugar. A.
high wall. A mound, a dam. (for y; tor), Thee, to thee.
A s turra', Amputated hand. Exhausted strength.
P \; turayy, A number of lamps made up in the form of a
crown, suspended from the roofs of mosques and other public
P *F tarybid, Fraud, deceit, deception.
P <\; tiryt (or jy tiryz), The root of a certain herb.
A &F
Tiryt, Name of a place.
A Jy tiryk, Treacle. Antidotes of every kind against poi
sons. Wine. (The treacle of Baghdd has been long esteemed
as an immediate remedy for the bites of the most venomous ser
JF Jy Mummy. re-w Jy Garlic. A.Jy
pents).
(or ** Jy) A stone found in the corner of the eye
of the mountain-ox.Jj Jy Treacle against poisons.
P "P tiryk, Treacle. The bezoar stone. Opium. *F
J tiryk-i akbar, The bezoar-stone.
Jy taryn or tiryn, Baskets or sieves of wicker-work.
P
A -, tarayb, Earth. Tarib, The breast. The breast-bone.
A. & F taribat or taraybat, The four upper ribs on each side,
or on the left only. The place above the collar-bone, where
necklaces and other ornaments are suspended. The breast, the
bosom, the neck. Hands. Eyes. Feet.
&; tariyat, Vestigium seu signum ex menstruis reliquum.
A
P F turit, Bread crumbled into milk or broth. A sop.
Fruits, preserved in, or eaten with, syrup.
A g tarij, Violent (wind). Strong, brawny (man).
p f tarid, Mortar, plaster, cement. Turid, Bread crum
bled into broth or milk.
A s turyad, Name of a purgative plant.
Pe taridan, To extract, draw out. To be greatly afraid.
p_2} tarir, Terrifying, inspiring dread. A threatener.
rj tiris, A gusset. A bird's wing.
P e-F Tiristn, Name of a village in Persia.
3 E 2
 P --
396
A Ly taris, Strong. Anything twisted. A well-poised scale.
A s taria, One who plunges into, or enters upon, business
cheerfully and with alacrity.
A s tarayyut, (v of 89) Moving here and there (a floating
mist). Being convened (people). Delaying. Being astonished.
A C tarayuk, (v of Cy) Shining on the ground like water
and appearing to flow (a vapour floating over a sandy plain).
A <&A tarik, A stalk stripped of its grapes.
A &; tarikat, A helmet. Any thing left, neglected (as a WO
man by lovers, a field by cattle). An egg-shell. Neat profits.
A *F tarim, Submissive to the divine will. Stained, defiled
with dust or with sins. Tiryum, Name of a place.
P C, tarin, Moist, fresh, recent, good. Added to an adjec
tive it forms the superlative; as, -- khub, Good, c
khb-tarin, Extremely good, best.
P Jy tarinan, A wicker-basket.
P \, c; tarin-wa, A kind of Turkomn food. See &\s -
P & 2 tarinah, A kind of food. Pot-herbs.
P; ; tary, A flimsy kind of garment.
P f tarficah, An up-and-down-hill road. A turn-again lane.
A *F tara/yuh, (v of *2) Moving to and fro.
A &; tar-iyat, (11 of sy) Exposing to view. Holding a
mirror. Wishing to be seen. Playing the hypocrite.
A vy tar-7s, (II of J-9) Giving authority, constituting one
head or chief, giving precedence, prefixing.
A *F taryim, (11 of v) Remaining in one place. Pouring
forth rain incessantly (a cloud).
a & taryih, (11 of &J) Moving here and there.
r; tax, A small bird of an ash-colour. The bolt of a lock. The
main beam of a house, into which the joists are dove-tailed. Gid
diness. Leaves just sprouted. A head marked with scars. Tuz,
A small yellowish bird.
| A 2-5 tasajur, (v1 of 2-5) Exciting each other (soldiers).
A i-ji taxhu, (v1 of -i-j) Going forth to battle.
A -j. tasahum, (VI of -j) Thronging. A crowd, a mob.
: , ; ; : - -
Ajj tara-zu-a, (11 of jj Q) Being moved, terrified. Wag
ging from side to side in walking. Yielding, knocking under.
P Tasw, Name of a champion of Turkistan.
A ry taxiwuj, (v1 of zj) Marrying. Intermarrying.
Aj, taxxcur, (v1 of J2j) Visiting one another. Turning
away, declining (from any thing).
A J}} tazawul, (VI of Jj) Joining mutual endeavours, taking
joint care. Declining, failing, perishing together.
A *]; tazyud, (v1 of Aj) Increasing. -j-": J= .*);
tasud-i tiss wa manzilat, Increase of glory and dignity.
A 8-y tasiyugh, (v1 of 83) Inclining, leaning, tottering.
A J; taxyul, (v1 of Jj) Being opposed, contrary to each
other. Being separate, distant from each other.
A * > taxabbud, (v of x}) Foaming, frothing. Hastening,
seeking, or striking hastily.
-s
A sj, tazabbut, (v of 83 not in use) Being malignant, of
a bad disposition, irascible, furious. -
A L taxabbi, (V of Jj) Digging a pit for a lion,
A.--> taxbib, (II of 5 &abba) Drying (grapes) in the
sun. Foaming (at the mouth).
A *} tazbiyat, (11 of Cj) Driving away.
A \ taxbid, (11 of Aj) Separating (cotton) with strokes of
the bow-string. Foaming, frothing (at the mouth).
A Jj tazbir, (11 of Aj) Writing.
A Jy tazbil, (11 of Jj) Dunging (land).
A - taxattut, (v of ~j Katta) Being adorned (a bride).
P F tastak, A tube for shooting clay-balls by the breath.
A -j tact?t, (11 of e-j catta) Adorning (a bride).
A Jj takaijun, (V of c-j) Lingering, loitering, delaying,
Setting about any thing unwillingly.
A Jj tazaj, (v of us-3) Being content with a little.
A &y tazfiyat, (II of +3) Driving gently. Passing time.
A g tag.j, (11 of g;
zaja) Extending in length, and
thinning the eye-brows (a woman).
Aj=} taxahhur, (V of >3) Groaning in travail (a woman).
Az --> tazahzuh, (v of cj->5 Q) Retiring. Being distant.
A -i-ji tazah.hu, (v of --3) Advancing, going towards.
A J-5 tazahhul, (v of J-5) Departing, going away from.
A i-y tazahluf, (11 of -4-5 Q) Being rolled, impelled.
A J-F taxahhun, (v of J-5) Advancing slowly. Coming to
water against one's will.
A rej taxhir, (11 of >3) Groaning (a travailing woman).
AJ&sji tazakhkhur, (V of ,<j) Abounding, being luxuriant
Growing full, overflowing (a channel).
P 9; tazad, A black locust, infesting corn-fields.
P 9; tazdak (equivalent to 9F tardak), The weevil.
P 39; tazdah, An instrument belonging to a mill. A small
stone-structure, through which the water is turned for driving
the mill-wheel. The chest into which the meal or flour drops
when grinding. The most prominent part of the funnel, through
which the grain, by a perpetual motion, falls upon the mill
stone. The miller's hire for grinding.
P_j, tazar, A summer-house, a country-seat.
A_j, tazarrur, (v of 25 2arra) Being furnished with buttons
(a garment).
A U2; taxarruk, (v of jj) Being blue-coloured (the ey") .
A tazarrum, (v of j) Bringing forth (a mole,
rj; tazraw, A pheasant. Tazr, Vermilion. A kid of
partridge. Short straw. A key-hole. A cup. The middle
of a house. Name of a tree.
P f tazrah, The iron axle of a mill-stone.
A f tazarr, (v of 595) Defaming (a brother).
A -iji tazrif, (11 of -5.j) Becoming putrid (a sore).
A c, tazrik, (II of Uj) Dropping, emitting by drop"

J}
A tazrim, (11 of ) Rendering covetous.
rj} taxj, Vermilion. Name of a root.
A & J tazatzut (11 of & jejo) Being shaken (a tree by the
wind). Commotion, agitation.
A *} taxattum, (v of *j) Lying, telling a lie.
A -ey tazzib, (11 of -e) Being brisk, lively. Being
angry. Eating and drinking a great deal.
f{} tazgh, A tree, the fire of which will continue for a week.
A *F tazaghghum, (v of *j) Sputtering the foam round the
mouth (a camel). Speaking in a passion. Crying with a shrill
voice (a camel's colt).
r; turgh, One who goes to a country and settles there.
A -j tazghib, (11 of e-j) Having down or small yellow
hair (young unfledged birds).
A ize; targhi, (11 of -ij) Adding fiction (to a story).
r ; taxfor tazuf, Barley-sugar. Freshness, moisture.
Ease, affluence. Rest.
P J% tagan (for tar-zafan), An interpreter.
A c-; taxfit, (11 of ~35) Anointing with pitch.
A ii; taxakku, (v of --35) Snatching greedily (as a starv
ing man does meat).
A tazakkum, (v of c) Swallowing meat. Giving to be
swallowed. Seizing and devouring greedily.
A J; tazkik, (11 of 55 xakka) Flaying, skinning an animal,
beginning at the head (contrary to what is now practised).
P% tazak, Dung. A dunghill. Tuzuk, A law, a precept.
A}} tazakkur, (w of j) Being full (as a leathern bottle).
Growing (as a child). Being collected (wine).
*J tuzakki, (w of J) Growing. Being augmented.
Studying purity. Being of a sanctimonious cast. Giving alms.
A & tazkiyat, (11 of 3) Sanctifying, purifying (that part
of a man's wealth which is dedicated to pious uses). Giving,
and also receiving, alms. Praising (one's self). Justifying (by
witnesses), approving. Sanctity, purification.
A~% taskit, (11 of ~$3) Filling (a leathern bottle).
AAF tazkir, (11 of 3) Filling. Thriving (a child).
A F tazkim, (11 of *9) Giving a cold.
A s tazkin, (11 of e) Assimilating, resembling, making
or thinking similar. Imposing, accusing falsely. Suspecting.
p 5 taxlab, A pancake, a fritter. The fat of a sheep's tail.
A& tazalluj, (v of 3) Sliding. Gulping (wine).
A& taxalluh, (v of &) Tasting,
A; tazallukh, (v ofj) Slipping, sliding down. mons (either from avarice or poverty).
A J}} tazal-ul, (11 of J}} Q) Being shaken (the earth).
Commotion, agitation, trembling, trepidation. An earthquake. Adding (any one) to a society with which he has no connexion.
(in prosody) Changing the vowel-point of one letter so as com Suffering part of a camel's slit ear to hang down.
pletely to alter the sense of the word. (Gladwin's Dissert.)
A SF tazallut, (w of t) Being cracked, chapped (hands).
--
397 _2 >
res; tuzulgh?, Oxygal, a preserved composition of sour
milk and herbs dried in the sun. (It is dressed in a variety of
ways, and is generally carried as travelling provision).
A. ; tazalluf, (v of ij) Proceeding. Preceding.
A Jy tasalluk, (v of C-5) Sliding, slipping, falling.
A t tazl?j, (11 of #) Leading a frugal life.
A c; tazlik, (II of C-5) Shaving (the head).
A f taslim, (11 of 5) Filling (a lake or cistern). Giving
little (as a present). Smoothing and making straight (an arrow).
Preparing or dressing badly (victuals), making them disagree
able or unwholesome. Turning (a mill).
P tazm, A mist, a fog.
A -s; taxammut, Modesty, gravity.
A 29 tacammur, (V of Pj) Uttering a cry (a male ostrich).
A tazamzum, (11 of rj Q) Braying (a camel).
A J tazammul, (v of Jj) Wrapping up, or hiding one's
self in a garment.
Ayrs; taxm?r, Psalmody, psalm-singing.
A & taxmik, (II of & not in use) Irritating (one
against another). Filling (a leathern bottle). !
A Jr.; tasml, (11 of Jj) Wrapping another in a garment.
A F tazm?m, (11 of zamma) Fastening a rein round the
neck. Being tied together on account of their number (camels).
Ajy taxantur, (11 of Rjo) Walking proudly.
A t; tazannuh, (v of) Drinking again and again. Car
rying one's self above one's situation. Speaking openly.
A tazannukh, (w of) Speaking freely, in a dictatorial
and dogmatical manner. Being proud.
A xj taxannud, (v of xj) Being puzzled, nonplused.
Py; taxandar, Name of a small bird.
A J; tasanduk, (11 of Jj q) Embracing the religion of
Zoroaster, maintaining the doctrine of the two principles.
A 2; taxannur, (v of 23) Putting on a girdle.
Ac; ta-annun, (vofe; zanna) Eating always the same thing.
&; tazni-at, (11 of u}) Reducing to straits.
A
*}; tasniyat, (11 of Uj) Playing the whore. Accusing a
A
woman of whoredom or adultery.
t taznzh, (11 of c) Drinking again and again.
A
A \ tacnid, (11 of x}) Lying, telling falshoods. Striking
fire with a steel. Making slothful, cowardly, and avaricious.
Aj, tazmir, (11 of Aj) Girding with a zone. Filling.
A C-3; taxn2k, (11 of Gj) Keeping (servants) on short com
A taznim, (11 of not in use) Setting a mark upon.
A z taxwj, A conjunction.
P J taxwal (or J; tajwil), The leaf or blade of a plant.
 398
A z tazawwuj, (w of z25) Marrying, taking a wife. Steal
ing upon, overpowering (as sleep).
A *: ; tazawwukh, (v of *35) Being separated, removed.
A f tazawwud, (v of exy not in use) Providing necessaries
for a journey.
Procuring. Taking.
Ay; tazaw-ur, (w of) Roaring (as a lion).
A Jji tazawwuk, (v of Jj) Executing with elegance.
A tazawwum, (w of ^2}) Being separated, disunited, di
vided in parts (flesh); also being compact, knit well together.
A &; taziciyat, (11 of sj) Adorning in a particular man
ner, dressing in a particular habit. Meeting (as the eye-brows).
A g tazzj, (11 of :33) Joining, associating, marrying.
A M2; tazicid, (11 of ej not in use) Providing one's self with
travelling necessaries, or other things.
A 2; taxwir, (11 of J2j) Giving a false colouring to, adul
terating. Doing well, and uprightly. Adulteration, deception.
Imposture, fraud. A lie. Honour, respect shewn by a visitor.
A Jj tacwik, (If of U23 not in use) Overlaying with
quicksilver. Executing well. Doing elegantly. A painting of
gold impressed on iron by means of quicksilver.
A Jj, tazwil, (11 of Jj) Moving a thing from its place.
rojtazah (or *:- tajah), A piece of wood in an oil-mill, which
expresses the oil. The inner apartments of a palace. A beard
of corn. The bank of any piece of water. Capitis pudendi
virilis medium. The bolt of a lock f tasa-i asiya, The
mill-bushel, in which the grain brought to the mill is measured.
A hedge-hog. (CASTELLUS).
A Alej taxahhud, (v of Asj) Being abstinent and devout.
A Jj tazahluk, (II of J Q) Being white, fat, and sleek.
A. s tazahnut, (11 of sjo) Being combed, tired (a maid).
A tazhid, (11 of sj) Making abstinent and devout. De
siring one to guess at the produce of a corn-field or of a palm-tree.
A ta-ayyub, (v of C-33) Being compact, firm (flesh).
A * > ta-ayyud, (v of Aj) Increasing (the price of provi
sions). Adding observations (to a narrative). Walking fast.
Pe taxidan, To break wind. To draw up. To extract.
A -5j' tacidiy, A garment with red stripes.
A s tazayyugh, (V of *j) Adorning herself (a woman).
A Jy tazayyuk, (v of Jj) Ornamenting, dressing herself
(a woman). Tinging the eyes with black.
P &# tazik, One who is neither an Arab, nor a Turk.
A J.F tazayyul, (w of JJ) Being separated, dispersed.
A *F Tasim, Name of a town in Hazramawt.
A c tazayyun, (w ofej) Dressing, adorning one's person.
A ** tazzayyi, (v of ) Being invested with a form.
A *} ta-yiyat, (11 ofsj) Investing with shape and figure.
A c-; taxy?t, (ii of *j) Providing with, giving oil.
A ~5 ta-yid, (11 of *}) Augmenting, amplifying.
Arj tasyir, (11 of 25 not in use) Making a horse to stand
stillor become tractable by twisting his upper lip with a twitch.
\-
A i tazyaf, (11 of -j) Adulterating, clipping (coin).
A Jj tasyil, (11 of Jj) Separating, distinguishing.
A cr tazyan, (ii of cy) Adorning, dressing, garnishing.
P } taj, An ascent, a declivity. Hoarseness. Corn just sprout
ing above the ground. The bolt of a lock. Tj, The gore of
a shift. A bird's wing. A new leaf. A species of leafy herb.
P Tajaw, Name of Afrsiyab's son-in-law.
P J.'; tajawal, The leafor blade of a plant.
P 9; tajdak, A weevil which is very destructive to wheat.
r se; tajdah, The miller's hire for grinding. The notching
of a mill-stone. The wards of a key. A rose-bud.
**; tajm or tijm, A cloud cleaving to the earth.
r 35 tajah, The bud of a flower. The beard of rye or barley.
A churn-stick. The main-beam of a house. The wards of a key.
--> 3; taja-i chub, The margin of a pond. The foreskin.
P U.S tas, A slap. Tus, Wind which escapes gently. Spitting.
A J- tasa-ul, (v1 of J-) Asking, enquiring of one another.
A -- tasabb, (vi of - sabba) Railing at, reviling one
another. Being cut asunder.
A c- tasabuk (v1 of G-) Running, throwing, contending
in any manner for a wager. Outstripping one another. A race.
A J- tastitul, (vi of J-) Being joined, connected, follow
ing one another (as men, tears, or pearls on a string).
A J-\- tasjul, (v1 of Js") Boasting to one another.
P &\- tasjah, A crocodile, an alligator.
A c-- tasahuk, (v1 of cs") Rubbing one another.
A e--- tasakhzn, Boots.
A_\ , tasarr, (v1 of, sarra) Telling one another secrets.
A & M- tasirut, (v1 of & Z-) Hastening together.
A c- tus), Consisting of, completing the number nine.
A*- tasafud, (v1 of A.) Copulating (beasts).
A 63-5 tasfuh, (v1 of &) Calling each other fools.
A laV-J tastikut, (v1 of la-) Falling, throwing one's self into.
A J- tasaki, (v1 of 3-) Giving drink reciprocally.
AA- tasakur, (v1 of K-) Feigning drunkenness.
A-J - tasalu, (v1 of -/-) Being connected by *
(as the husbands of two sisters).
A " tas alum, (v1 of ~~) Making peace, being reconded
A * tasamuh, (v1 of 2-) Conniving. Reciprocal in
dulgence, the exercise of mutual kindness and forgiveness.
P & * tasamuh-pashah, Easy, complaisant, pliable.
A s--- tasamut, (v1 of 8-4-) Listening (as the populace).
Pretending to hear. Lending an ear.
AJ.-- tasami, (v1 of J.-) Contending for pre-eminence.
Being exalted. --
Being
A&\- tasanud, (v1 of ~) Leaning, staying "P"
related, pertaining to. Placing back to back.
A 2-s tasieur, (v) of 23-) Attacking, leaping "P" another.
A Ju-J tasawuk, (v1 of J:-) Following one another (camels).
 S

A c- taswuk, (v1 of 4%-) Walking in a debilitated A c- tastik, (11 of t-) Melting (gold or silver).
manner (emaciated cattle). Leaning to one side in walking. A J-5 tasbil, (11 of J-) Consecrating to God.
A l- tasawum, (VI of ^:-) Bidding one against another. P tast, A cup, a goblet. Tast or tost (for c-5' to'st,
A s- tasw, (v1 of -) Being equal, coequal. Being or more properly --~); to ast).
ineasy circumstances. Equality, similarity, sameness. Neutrality. P e';*i- tastakh'an, A large dish.

A JAl- tashul, (v1 of Ji-) Esteeming easy. Remitting,
pardoning, conniving at. Negligence, carelessness.
A s- tasahum, (v1 ofr-) Casting lots (amongst themselves).
*2 tasiyur, (v1 of r-) Walking for a bet; going together.
A -ij- tasyu, (viof-i-) Fighting, fencing, skirmishing.
A Ju-J tasayul, (vi of J-) Flocking from all parts (troops).
re-'- tasbnidan, (trans of ex~ tasbidan) To cause
fissures in the lips. To heat. To suffocate, to strangle.
P_-S Tustar, Name of a city in Khursn.
A 2-5 tasattur, (v of 2.) Being hidden, veiled or covered.
Concealing one's self, absconding. Concealment.
fus tosti, Thou art.
AA- tastir, (11 of >) Veiling, concealing (a damsel).
A *s- tasajjud, (v of x*) Worshipping.
A ** tasjah, (11 of 2*) Forgiving, pardoning.
- -

A 25- tasjir, (11 of, *) Causing to boil.

A -- tasabbub, (v of Q-- sabba) Causing. Trafficking.
A t- tusabbuj, (v of t- not in use) Arraying one's person A U-s tasjis, (11 of U-s) Troubling, spoiling (water).
A t-s- tasji, (11 of 3-s) Speaking or writing in rhyme.
in a kind of black dress called 4--, subjah.
**- tasabbukh, (v oft-) Being assuaged (heat). A -i-s-' tasi, (11 of ~i=") Letting fall (a veil).
a J-s- tasjl, (11 of J*) Confirming, ratifying. Getting
A -- tasahsub, (11 of ~ 0) Flowing (as water).
a law-suit filed in the judge's book. Signing any thing judicially.
A -- tasbib, (11 of ~ sabba) Causing, giving cause. A --~~~ tasahhub, (v of Q-s) Feigning aversion (lowers).
A *-s tasbih, (II of z) Praying, supplicating. Celebrat-
ing i. praises of God. . a rosary or chaplet for that pur- A 2- tasahhuj, (v of **) Being scratched, clawed (face).
--

pose. A hymn, the praise of God, when saying &J) - bism? A_s-' tasahhur, (v of ,<) Rising, or setting out before day
llah, In the name of God! 'J's - subhna'llh, O holy break, and breakfasting at that early hour.
(Creator! mercy on us! deliver us from 1 or such similar ejacu- A tasahsuh, (11 of Q) Flowing (as water).
lations). A rosary, a chaplet of beads. re,93 *- taszh A Js- tasahhun, (v of cs") Contemplafing any thing. Ap
kardan, To praise God, to say prayers by the telling of beads. pearing beautiful (the form of any thing).
A s- tasbiht, (pl. of t:- tasbih) Hymns, anthems. a & s tas-hiyat, (11 of s") Pulling off, unbarking, ex
r &&. t- tasbih-khanah, A chapel, an oratory. coriating, skinning, shaving, scraping, planing. Covering, or
P J}< t:- tasbih-kh'an, Singing praises to God. A person binding (a book) with the membrane of the papyrus.
hired to pray for another, a private chaplain. A *=- tas-h?j, (11 of 2-) Excoriating. Scratching, tear
r- t- tasbih-kh'ani, Office of chaplain, chaplainship. ing (the face) in phrensy or despair.
A t:- tasbikh, (11 of t-) Making light. Erasing a syllable Ajs- tas-hir, (11 of, s) Using multiplied incantations. En
or a letter, making a short syllable instead of a long one. Quiet- chanting, fascinating, deceiving. Rendering hungry or thirsty.
ing, stilling. Throwing away the refuse (of cotton, wool, or A ~~ tas-him, (11 of ***) Making black.

camel's hair), whilst carding. Being assuaged (heat), allayed Ajk-' taskhar, (taskhur or 8,8- taskharah), Irony, raillery,
(the throbbing of a wound). Rest. Stillness. Deep sleep. just contempt. e A- To jest, to jeer, to ridicule.
A Q- tasbid, (11 of A.) Smoothing the head by extirpat- A k- tasakhkhur, (11 of A-) Ridiculing. Oppressing,
ing the hair, either by shaving or by pulling them up with an compelling one to work for nothing. Making obedientor tracta
unguent. Leaving off the unguent. Growing again (hairs). ble. Being made submissive.
Becoming fledged (a bird). A las- tasakhkhut, (w of las") Considering as small (a
P c- tasbidan, To have fissures or chaps in the lips. To present).Being discontented, disliking. Being enraged.
--

strangle. To be strangled, suffocated. To grow hot, be fierce. A. s- tasakhkhi, (v of Js") Diligently devising liberal

A*- tasbit, (11 of lar-) Shewing herself to be in foal (a
camel) by refusing the male. Bringing forth a castling.
A S-S tasbit, (11 of t-) Dividing into seven parts.
A s- tasbigh, (11 of 8--) Casting her foal (a camel) al-
ready covered with hair. A pouring forth.
* 3:- tasbik, (11 of G-) Contending with (in running).
Excelling (in learning). Casting her young (a ewe).
things. Striving to outdo (one's companions) in acts of liberality.
A &- taskhid, (11 of As') Being pale and swollen.
A rs- taskhir, (11 of ,<) Subduing, conquering, taking (a
strong place or prisoners). Oppressing, compelling to work for
nothing. Gaining (hearts). Making obedient or tractable.
A Jk- taskhil, (ii of J-) Being sickly (a palm), bearing
dates with soft stones. Reproaching, reviling, stigmatizing. *>
 se-
a *.*.* taskhim, (11 of **) Blackening (the face).
A cs- taskhin, (11 of cs") Warming (water).
A z- tasadduj, (v of **) Lying. Contracting habits.
A 453-5 tasadd, (v of sex.) Ascending, sitting on the top.
A &A-, tasdiyat, (11 of 99-) Stretching the warp. Washing
(cloth in the loom) with size or gum-water.
A. **- tasdih, (11 of c-) Killing, slaying.
A ** tasdid, (11 of 9- sadda) Directing properly, leading
in a right way. Pointing (a spear) well. Acting right.
A U-9-5 tasdes, (11 of L-9-) Making of an hexagonal form.
Dividing into six parts. An hexangular aspect of the stars.
A **- tasdm, (11 of ^-) Muzzling (biting animals).
A -- tasarrub, (v of -,-) Entering, creeping in.
A Jy tasarbul, (11 of J, o] Being clad (with a coat).
A z- tasarruj, (v of zy-) Making saddles.
A_j - tasarrur, (V of > sarra) Keeping privately (a female
slave as a concubine).
A &_- tasarrut, (v of & r") Hastening, making speed.
A 5,-, tasarru, (v of r) Sucking; gnawing, eating into.
A --, tasarmut, (11 oflas- Q) Being few, scanty (hairs).
A - tasaricuk, A sluggish gait from disease or fatigue.
A J- tasarwul, (11 of J- Q) Putting on breeches.
A 45- tasarri, (V of .5) Pluming one's self on liberality.
Keeping privately (a female slave). Vanishing (grief, care). j- siar). Sending (any one) upon a journey.
A -- tasit, (11 of las-) Bedawbing with clay (a cistern).
A -- tasrib, (11 of ~~~) Sending in crowds (camels).
Filling a leathern bottle with water that it may swell at the seams.
Digging (a well) from side to side.
A &- tasri-at, (11 of V-) Depositing her eggs (a locust).
Bearing many children (a woman).
A &r- tasriyat, (11 of 5-) Stripping bare or naked. Banish
ing (grief) from the mind.
A. c- tasraj, (II of gr) Lighting (a candle). Adorning,
dressing. Combing (the hair). Saddling (a horse).
A c- tasrah, (11 of cy-) Sending away (any one). Re
pudiating (a wife). Combing hair. Letting hair flow loose
before combing. Separating, distinguishing. Making easy.
A * - tasrid, (II of 9-) Sewing (a leathern bottle). Weav
ing (a coat of mail). Keeping a long fast. Speaking fluently.
Arj- Tasrir, Name of a place in Najd. -
A c- tasrk, (11 of Ui-) Calling one a thief.
A ~~ tasram, (II of ~~ not in use)
-
Falling to pieces.
A v-9 tusus, Mean origins or families.
p = <- U-3 tus-sag, A species of grass.
Aja- tasattur, (V of A-) Speaking idly. Vain boasting.
A 2'-- tastih, (II of 2-) Making level. A flat country.
Ji- fastir, (II of a-) Writing. Delineating. A.
A e-la- tastn, (11 of eja- obsol.) Strengthening (a pillar).
A s- tist, (fem.) Nine. One of those days when camels are
watered. A camel thirsty, kept a while from water. Tusa, A
ninth part. Tusua: The 7th, 8th, and 9th days of the month.
400 <<-
A -a-, tasat&ub, (v of x-) Flowing in long threads (as
honey, syrup, or spittle).
A 3- tisfat, (mas.) Nine.
Ax-e - tist at tashara, (mas.) Nineteen.
A j-j tasattur, (v of x~) Being kindled, burnt. Madness.
A s-- tasatsut, (11 of S-a- 9) Becoming old and de
crepit. Decreasing (a man's means). Waning (a month).
A *s- tista mi-at, (common gender) Nine hundred.
A c-s tasatun, (v of ex-) Being full of fat (a camel).
A ex~ tistun (oblique case cr- tistin), Ninety.
A r- tastir, (11 of A.) Kindling (fire). Exciting (war).
Fixing a price (upon provisions or commodities of any kind),
A - tast, (11 of -x-) Mixing perfumes,
A 3--4-- tasaghsugh, (11 of 8-k- Q) Rolling in the dust.
A --- tasghim, (11 of **- not in use) Causing one to drink
(water). Making one forget (sorrow).
Aji-, tasaffur, (V of ,-) Undertaking, beginning a journey,
A la- tasaffut, (v of lai-) Drinking. Being imbibed.
A J- tasafful, (v of J-) Descending. Being ignoble,
low-born. Being in the meanest or lowest place.
Pe- tasidan, To be split (gold).
Aj tasir, (11 of;...) Putting a halter upon a camel. (See
A s- tasft, (11 of *-i-) Burning fiercely (fire). Black.
ing, swarthing a man's face (the sun).
A J- tasil, (11 of J...) Depressing. Rendering vile or
ignoble. Diving head over ears. Making to resound.
A &- tasih, (11 of &-) Charging with folly, or madness.
Ala- tasakkut, (v of las.) Searching for the worst part of
any thing. Hunting for an error. -
A is-, tasakku, (v of -.) Being covered with a roof
Being ordained bishop.
A U-5 tasakki, (V of J.-) Imbibing, being imbued with.
*- taskiyat, (11 of J-) Giving to drink, watering much.
A.
Saying 4" t sakka 'llah, May God water thee!
A -- task, (11 of ~&) Covering (a house) with. roof.
Creating, ordaining, consecrating a bishop.
A -- task?m, (11 of 25-) Making sick.
A J
tasakkut, (v y Contending for trifles; and
being solely employed about them. Wandering about, distracted.
A e- tasakkun, (v of e-) Being poor, weak, wretched.
-
A ----29.5 tasket, (11 of %-) Striking dumb, silencing.
Ax~ task?r, (11 of K-) Shutting the eyes. Dazzling, .
record. powering with light. Suffocating, strangling. Making
A s- task?: , (11 of s-) Going without knowng"
|er
A ex~ taskin, (II ofe-) Quieting. suppresing.
Establishing (in any place). Quenching thirst. Consolation.
p Lck. J- taskn-bakhsh, Assuasive, mitigat solacing.
- - I - -
o
 J 401
A --- tasallub, (v of ~~) Laying aside her ornaments
(a woman) and putting on widows weeds.
A -- tasallut, (v of --) Dropping from the middle.
Retiring privately (from associates).
A 2 tasalluj, (v of 2-) Drinking a great deal.
A 2 tasalluh, (v of 2-) Arming, putting on armour.
AJ-- tasalsul, (11 of J-- 9) Being poured out (water).
Being joined, adhering as the links of a chain. Flowing like a
chain (water whose surface is ruffled by a gentle breeze). Con
catenation (of ideas), sequence, series.
Ala- tasalut, (v of al-) Ruling, bearing sway. Exercis
ing absolute dominion. Commanding despotically.
A. s-tasallue, (v of s-) Being, split, cleft.
A -i- tasullu, (v of -ij-) Borrowing, receiving money
per advance for goods to be afterwards delivered.
Ac- tasalluk, (v of c-) Ascending or standing upon the
top (of a wall). Tottering, staggering. Disquietude, uneasiness.
A J.- tasallul, (vofu-salla) Withdrawing, tarrying behind.
A *- taslam, (in swearing) Truly, by all means.
A '- tasallum, (w of -) Receiving. Occupying.
A. J tasull7, (v of J-) Being consoled. Becoming calm,
tranquil, Solace. r J J To calm, to soothe, to comfort.
A - tasliyat, (11 of J) Ridding (a camel or a ewe) of
the after-birth. Quieting, contenting, assuring. Relieving from
anguish, p J *~, sce To visit and comfort the sick.
A -- tasit, (ii of--) Cleaning the hands from tincture.
A&- tasih, (11 of 2-) Causing one to arm himself.
r- taslkh, A carpet for kneeling on at prayers.
At- taslikh, (11 of 2-) Flaying, stripping off the skin.
Au-- tasis, (ii of J4-) Arranging, stringing (pearls).
Aa- taslit, (ii of 4-) Giving absolute dominion, investing
with paramount authority.
A t- taslit., (11 of t-) Cleaving, splitting. Tying a
lighted branch of the trees t- sala; and J-c tashur to the tail
of a wild ox and making him ascend the mountain with it (a rite
observed by the Pagan Arabs with a view to obtain rain).
A --> tasif, (11 of -3-) Ordering to go or send before.
Taking, or causing to take, any kind of victuals before dinner.
A c- tasik, (11 of c-) Reeling (yarn).
A -- tasim, (11 of -) Saluting, pronouncing a benedic
tion on the dead, by saying, &= c-) as salamu &alayhi,
Peace be with him! Preserving safe and sound, rescuing, de Being thin, small. Being on the top (of any thing). Being
livering, Delivering, consigning (to any person). Submitting raised a span from the earth. Taking, seizing unawares.
to, and acquiescing in, the judgment of another. Health, safety, A c- tasannun, (w of cr sanna) Becoming a Sunni.
security, peace. Delivery, consignment. Resignation. J-sy
*~"; 4) * *} The holy prophet, upon whom be bles or wine, from age). Being old, and feeling the effects of age.
sing and healthl p Je r- e- To give up the ghost. Sojourning for a year. Suffering from a year of scarcity. Exist
:
J& To be resigned, to surrender, to submit (to another's
judgment), to consent, to grant all. To die.
*
e
P Lck. 4.- tasliyah-bakhsh, Imparting consolation.
A c-v-' tasammut, (v of Gvt.) Assaying, endeavouring.
Alaa-, tasamnut, (v of La-) Being suspended.
A s- tasammua, (w of 8-4-) Listening, hearing.
A K tasammuk, (v of <<-) Being elevated; excelling.
A Ja-, tasammul, (v of Ja-) Swallowing (wine). Drinking
the remains of water in a vessel.
A cr- tasammun, (v of e^-) Being fattened, becoming fat.
A &- tasmah, A raw hide. A thong of undressed leather.
Hair combed over the forehead.
A -- tasamm?, (v of >) Being high, eminent, conspi
cuous. Giving one's self a name.
A &t-i tasmiyat, (11 of J-) Giving a name. Nomination,
appellation. P Je **- To name. To say, in the name of God.
A --~~~$ tasmit, (11 of ~~~~) Blessing any person or thing,
as when one sneezes, saying 4) <<-2 God bless you!
A. * tasm?ff, (11 of g-) Making deformed or hideous.
A **- tasm?h, (11 ofe-) Making straight (a spear). Walk
ing slow. Tripping softly and easily. Making haste, flying.
A \- tasmd, (11 of 34-). Manuring (land) with dung and
ashes. Making bald. Wearing false hair.
A 24-5 tasmir, (11 of 24-) Diluting (milk) with water.
Making clear (any thing turbid). Nailing, fastening with nails.
Sending, dismissing. Vibrating quickly (an arrow).
tasmit, (11 of al-) Being silent. Discharging (a
Als
debtor). Fastening with a girth or surcingle.
A s- tasmies (11 of 8-1-) Ordering, or causing one to lis
ten. Divulging, making known or celebrated (either for good
or bad). Defaming, disparaging, slandering. A sermon.
A J-- tasml, (11 of J-) Being very scanty (water in a
cistern). Bringing up a small quantity of water (a bucket).
Cleaning out (a cistern). Using kind language.
A cr- tasmin, (11 of ex~) Dressing or preserving with
butter. Making provision of butter. Fattening. (In the dia
lect of Yaman) Allowing (meat) to cool before eating it.
A *-s tasmih, (11 of -) Sending (camels) pasturing at
large without a herdsman.
P -- tasmat, A pan, a large dish.
A k-j tasannut, (v of G-) (A rich man but of mean
birth) marrying a noble lady without fortune.
A - tasannum, (w of **) Sitting upon a camel's bunch,
A 4-5 tasannuh, (w of 4) Becoming stale, musty (as bread
ing for several years.
A J-s tasanni, (v of us-) Living a year, or many years
"3 F
 2-3
with any one. Being spoiled. Growing old. Ascending, Be pelling, driving well. Committing (business to the management
coming easy. J." e- tasanni'l naak, A ready sale. of another). Having a stem or root (a tree).
A 3.5 tasniyat, (11 of J.-) Exalting, elevating. Making easy.
Looseming (a knot).
A -- tasnit, (11 of c-- not in use) Dressing (meat)
with cummin-seed. Putting cummin (into the pot).
A 3-5 tasmid, (11 of x.) Propping, shoring up (a wall).
A --- tasmim, (11 of -) Making (a grave or sepulchre)
convex, shelving on both sides. Filling a vase. Raising several
Despatching horse. Making an excursion (against an enemy).
palms above ground. Name of a fountainin Paradise. Nectar.
p :-5 tasi, A weight of two, or four barley-corns. Tassil, Making depredations, injuring, damaging. Training (a horse).
The twenty-fourth part of a weight, measure, or day.
P c- taswk, The weight of a carat or four grains.
P r:- tasij, The eighth part of a drachma.
A - tasawwukh, (v of *:-) Falling into the mud. Sub
siding to the bottom.
A ex-5 tasawwud, (v of ex-) Marrying. Being dubbed a lord.
A 2-, tasawwur, (v of 95-) Putting on bracelets. Mounting
and sitting upon (a wall). Flying to the head (wine).
A U- tasawwuk, (v of J:-) Buying and selling, marketing.
A 3 tasawwuk, (w of-t-) Rubbing the mouth and teeth the enemy. Living. Obtaining (as a custom). Guiding.
with a kind of wood.
A *:- tasawwum, (v of *:-) Being marked. Setting a dis
tinguishing mark upon one's self in battle.
A L55-5 tasaww, (w of s:-) Being straight.
A &:- tas wi-at (and *:- tas wi-a), (11 of A.) Chiding
any one by saying You did wrong. Fixing a stigma upon.
A &:- tas wiyat, (11 of 55). Making equal, level, parallel.
Straightening. Smoothing. Completing, finishing. Composing
differences. Equality, parity. A parallel.
P & 5-S tastrid, Trouble, anguish, melancholy.
A 3.5- taswid, (11 of ex-) Blackening. Begetting black
children. Scribbling a foul copy. Making a plaster for a (ca
mel's) back with old bruised hair-cloth. Choosing a chief, lord,
or prince. Begetting a prince. A sketch, a plan, a delinea
tion, a rough draft. Boldness (especially in killing a prince).
A 25- taszir, (11 of J3-) Putting bracelets (on another).
Building a wall round a town.
A U-5- tasiris, (11 of U-5-) Appointing (or presiding as)
a moderator or chief. Being affected by the moth (garments),
by the weevil (corn), by the tike (sheep).
A la 3-5 tastrt, (ii of k-) Lashing with a scourge. Mixing
(especially liquids, by stirring).
A 85-7 taswigh, (11 of 2-) Permitting, allowing.
A #5- tast, (11 of -5,-) Promising again and again
-j- i.e. I will do it hereafter; procrastinating, delaying.
- sai. 5 and allowing him to
-
Abandoning one's affairs to another,
what he pleases.
A c- taswik, (II of J:-) Sending away, stimulating, im
402 \-5
A c- taswik, (11 of <!-) Rubbing the mouth or teeth
with a certain wood. Being emaciated and staggering (cattle).
AJ33-5 taswil, (11 of J:-) Adorning. Feigning, inventing,
Deluding, suggesting evil. Causing to hang down. A fiction,
A ce), 3-5 taswilt, (pl. of J-j taswil) Ornaments. Fic
tions. &Wa-,-\,35 Diabolical fictions, satanical delusions.
A * 3-5 taswim, (11 of ^:-) Sending (cattle) to pasture.
Marking (a horse) by an impression. Compelling. Making one
an overseer or manager of affairs. Allowing one to act as he
pleases. Deserting (a man). Abandoning (a place).
A J- tasahhul, (v of J-) Becoming easy.
A. %- tasahwuk, (11 of <!- q) Dying. Turning the back.
A Q- tas-hid, (11 of A-) Stimulating to watchfulness.
A Ji-, tas-hil, (11 of J) Rendering easy, making smooth,
P s- tas?, A porcupine. Tisi, The sea-urchin.
A_\- tasyr (from 2-), Walking, travelling. Deserting to
Pey. 83-5 tasidah shudan, To be extinguished (fire).
AA- tasaytur, (II of Aa- Q) Presiding as inspector.
A J- tasay-ul, (v of J-) Begging, asking charity.
A:- tasay yu-a, (w of \ Emitting milk from the udder
before milking-time (a camel).
A c-- tasy, b, (11 of --) Giving. Allowing to go free.
A z- tasy.j, (11 of z-) Fencing (a wall) with thorns.
A t:- tasyzh, (II of t-) Making (water) to flow.
A y- tasyir, (11 of 2-) Causing to march. Sending. Driv
ing, banishing a great way off. Spreading abroad. Removing
(the covering from the back of a horse). Weaving (cloth) with
stripes. Drawing forth. -
A sr- tasy/a, (11 of S-2-) Bedaubing (walls) with mud and
short straw, or (a leathern-bottle) with grease.
A J- tasyil, (11 of J.-) Causing (water) to flow.
P U.5 tash, A saw. A hatchet. Fire. Food. Tish, Aspit.
A sword. A louse. (s *IT trish), Thirst. Tush, Grief.
A 2-\ tash-um, (v1 of **) Considering as ominous.
A 2'- tashbur, (v1 of >3) Measuring with spans. Advan"
ing close to one another (in battle-array). -
A - tashabuk, (v1 of c-) Being perplexed, intr"
A &\t tashbuh, (v1 of & 8) Being similar, bearing * strik
ing resemblance to each other. Resemblance, likeness.
A '- tashtum, (v1 of **) Seeding:
Mutual reproach.
-
AJ-- tashjur, (v1 of J) Contending, oppsing eachx
other. Piercing one another (with spears). Cropping the e
do treme branches of trees (cattle).
A c- tashhh, (v1 of ~ shahha) Kee ping (anything)*
amongst themselves.
Displaying avarice or selfishness.
 - -

<--- 403
<-
A v.3-l tashkhus, (vi of v.4%) Grinning, uncovering (of a woman) when making love (especially in verse). The de
the teeth (an ass when he smells urine). Being uneven (teeth). scription of one's feeling in love.
A ** tashbih, (11 of **) Expanding, making extensive.
Being split (the head). Being discordant (men or harmony).
A J- tashrush, (v1 of Ls) Carrying on hostilities. A Pr- tashbit, (11 of H-3) Dressing a sheep's head.
A cl tashruk, (viof) Being partners. Partnership. A -- tashbik, (ii of -) Twisting, plaiting. Clasp
A j- tashr, (v1 of -5,-3) Buying amongst themselves. ing, locking (the fingers). Making lattice or net-work.
Irritating one another, p J-s tashbl, A fish-hook.
A -j- tashzub, (v1 of ~2%) Waiting, seeking amongst A 4-4.5 tashbih, (11 of 4-s) Comparing, likening. Cloaking,
themselves, each man his fortune. concealing. Rendering doubtful. Comparison. Simile, alle
Aj- tashazur, (VI ofj) Looking at one another askance gory, metaphor. Likeness. &c. & J 23,- harf-i tashbih, A par
ticle of similitude. P J% &z tashbih kardan, To compare.
through half-shut eyes.
A --~~ tashzub, (v1 of x-) Being divided; branching A -lr- tashbiht, (pl. of r- tashbih) Comparisons.
out. A salver. A mirror. U-T ,--~~
P C-.J tasht, A bason.
The sun. * c-. The sky. The sun. e';* .<-- A
AA- taskcur, (v1 of," ) Becoming hairy (a foetus). Pro
fessing or pretending to be a poet. table-bason, a platter. Jj,<!-- (or cj, e-j) The sun,
A -- tashaghub, (v1 of ) Contending together. c---; The moon. eus' * j, c-.J. His bason fell
AJ<\- tashghul, (v1 of J-3) Occupying one another. Call from the cover, i. e. His secrets were discovered.
ing off the attention of each other (from any thing). A --~~ tashattut, (v of G- shatta) Being separated, dis
A s tash, (v1 of Q-i shaffa) Doing any thing dili persed, scattered.
gently and accurately. Drinking all that is in a vessel. Water P &\si-j tasht-khnah, Bed-clothes, sheets. A pillow. A
wardrobe. A scullery. A conservatory. A privy. -

left (in a vase).

Als stashkk,(v1 of 33 shakka) Vexing each other; faction. re);=\ tasht-khn (or e;--~~), A dining-table. A
flat dish.
Av- tashakus, (v1 of v) Mutual opposition.
AJ- tashkul, (vi of J) Agreeing with, suiting. Re r_<- tasht-dar, An ewer-holder. A scullion. A butler.
sembling one another. r_< 5 Tashtar (or J Tasht), Michael the archangel.
A & tashkuh, (v1 of &) Being like one another. P c- tashtan, A kite. A large axe.
A J- tashki, (v1 of X.) Complaining of each other. P &\s-> <- tasht ofhayah, Filling an egg-shell with a
*- tashamm, (VI of fluid (in Persian *-* shabnam, dew) more rare than the at
A -- shamma) Smelling together at.
mosphere, and setting it (when heated) afloat in the air like a bal
Coming in sight of the foe. Trying to discover anothers mind. loon. Heaven and earth. Astronomy. Magic. (Burhn-i kti;).
A*- tashamukh, (v1 of 2-) Being high-nosed, haughty. P & tashtah, A clock-case. A basket. A dish. A kind of
A. J- tashnn, (v1 of c, shanna) Becoming dried up and dagger. (equivalent to 4-5 tashnah) Thirsty.
good for nothing (a leathern bottle). Becoming wrinkled (skin). A J- tashatti, (v of J) Wintering (any where).
A tashnu-a, (v1 oft.*) Hating one another. A & tashtiyat, (11 of) Passing the winter. Sufficing
Ay tashwur, (v. of 23:) Consulting together. for, being very acceptable in the winter (anything).
A J- tashicus, (v1 of U-35) Looking through half-shut
A --~~~ (ashtit, (11 of ~% shatta) Dispersing, separating.
eyes from (pride or anger). AJ-- tashtir, (11 of 2-5) Derogating, reproaching. Ren
Ak- tashruz, (vi of **) Cursing one another. dering (the eye-lids) inverted, stiff, and also relaxed.
A tashicu, (v1 of -354) Slighting. Fearing. re): tashtwn, Polypody. Dog's tooth.
A J- tashawul, (v1 of J:4) Fighting (with spears).
A ss tashaijut, (v of *-**) Boasting of courage.
Ajs- tashhr, (pl. of r- tashhr) Shining marks. A *** tashjij, (11 of a shaja) Wounding (the head).
A t- tashiyuk, (v1 of 3-8) Associating together.
Ajs- tashjir, (11 of, s) Making in the form of a tree.
A J- tasha-7, (v1 of **) Separating, going in different ** tash;78, (11 of -) Making or calling bold.
A.

directions. Listening. Getting before, outstripping.
A -- tashabbus, (v of C- not in use) Seizing and hold
ing firmly. Fixing the nails or claws in any thing. P, t
J Je To lay hold of the skirt of another's garments.
* -- tashabbuk, (v of <<) Being mixed together.
A 4- tashabbuh, (v of 6-8) Resembling, being similar.
A -- tashbib, (11 of C-5 shabba) Praising the beauty
Aers" tashjn, (11 of es) Afflicting, tormenting.
A a- tashah or tishah, Firmness, strength of mind. Avidity.
A s tashhat or tishhat, A little milk. Tushahat, Boldness,
firmness, strength of mind. Avidity. Wickedness.
Alas- tashahhut, (v of as) Weltering in blood (a wounded
man). Wallowing (a boy). Crawling along (with a stick),
a 3-s tashhiz, (11 of &s) Pointing, sharpening.
3 F 2
 _*
Ala- s tashhit, (11 of-s) Besmearing (with blood). Roll
ing (a wounded man in his blood).
A Laktashakhkhus, (v of Jas) Appropriating.
A, s tashkhir, (11 of, s) Supporting a bunch of dates by
a palm-branch.
A Las tashkhis, (11 of Lak) Discerning, distinguishing.
Knowing perfectly (a word much used by physicians to denote
their having ascertained the disorder of a patient). Identiy
ing, particularizing. Valuation, assessment.
A -- tashkhim, (11 of s) Marring, spoiling (meat).
A tt- tashaddukh, (w of t) Being broken (the head).
A J.A. tashaddud, (v of 33, shadda) Becoming hard, firm,
strong, robust, corroborated. Seizing and holding firmly. Be
ing stingy, covetous. Running.
A J-5 tashadduk, (v of J not in use) Twisting the corners
of the mouth whilst speaking. Babbling, prating (pompously).
A t- tashdikh, (11 of t) Breaking any thing not solid
(as the head, or an apple). Bruising the head (of any thing).
A &A. tashdid, (11 of A shadda) Corroborating, confirming,
strengthening. Putting the orthographical mark tashdd (-)
over letters, which denotes that they should be doubled; also the
name of the character itself.
AJ&t tashazzur, (v of 23. not in use) Being angry, threat
ening, putting in fear. Being brisk, lively. Making haste.
Preparing for battle. Protracting a war. Riding behind ano
ther on horseback. Passing the train of a garment through the
legs, and tucking it up to the breast. Clapping the tail between
the thighs close to the belly (a dog).
A ~<- tash;ib, (11 of -34.) Pruning, lopping, unbark
ing (a tree). Dividing. Impelling, repelling. Separating.
Dispersing, scattering. Making long.
A $43.5 tashziz, (11 of & shazza) Separating, dividing.
A. A- tishrb, (from ~A) Drinking. A draught.
A -- tasharrub, (v of ~~~) Imbibing, drinking up.
A gj tasharruj, (v of z_*) Being mixed (two things).
9- tasharrud, (v of 9,4) Suddenly taking flight through
A
fear. Being singular, opiniated, wedded to one's own ideas.
A 92.5 tasharrut, (v of **) Considering attentively.
A & J tasharrut, (v of & P) Acting in conformity to the
laws of Muhammad which are called &_* shart.
A 5,-, tasharru, (w of -3, 3) Being honoured, renowned,
rendered glorious, adorned, decorated. Being ornamented.
Enduring oppression from their own nobility (people).
A J- tasharruk, (v of J) Sitting, walking in, or being
exposed to, the heat of the sun.
A t- tasharruk, (w of %) Participating with another.
A ** tasharrum, (V of ^*) Being on, cented. -
A .5~ tasharri, (v of r) Becoming a heretic, a schisma
tic. Being separated.
404 *3
A -- tashrib, (11 of ~~) Giving to drink. Rubbing
a new leathern bottle with a kind of odoriferous clay, in order to
give a fine flavour to the water. Imbuing, tinging, staining.
Grazing where they please (sheep).
A t- tashrij, (11 of gr) Shutting a purse, drawing the
strings close. Sewing with wide stitches, basting. Mixing.
A CA- tashrih, (11 of cA) Declaring, explaining. Cutting
(meat). Dissecting (a body). Anatomy.
A & 2.5 tashrid, (11 of 92.) Putting to flight. Dispersing.
Spreading a bad report, defaming.
Aj j-j tashrir, (11 of , , sharra) Exposing to the sun or
wind (in order to dry). Promulgating, celebrating, magnifying,
rendering glorious, publishing the praise of another. Drawing
a sword, and flourishing it over the heads of others. Being led
through a town (on an ass) as an example. Raining copiously.
Ajj tashr; (11 of 52.) Punishing. Cursing.
A sj- tashrie, (11 of &_*) Leading (cattle) to water.
A -- tashraf, (11 of -5,-8) Ennobling, exalting. Investing
with a splendid robe. Honouring with a visit. Decorating (a
house) with pinnacles or turrets. A margin, a border. P-,-
Jy," To honour with a visit. This word is much used in speak
ing of, or to, superiors, as more respectful than the pronouns he
ele J:- ,-ij- To invest with a robe of honour.
and you.
A -,- tashrifat, (pl. of j- tashrif) Honours, dig
nities a The book in which is described the manner of receiving
ambassadors, with the usual expenses allowed to them.
.* J2- tashrifati, The secretary who keeps this book.
A c- tashrik, (11 of J.A.) Drying (flesh in the sun).
Tending towards, reaching unto, the east. Cleaving, parting
asunder. GA-4) ayymu't tashrik, Three days after the
feast of sacrifice at Mecca; either because the flesh of the victims
is then dried, or because they are not slain till after sun-rise.
A <<!- tashrik, (11 of %) Associating with, participa"
ing, communicating. Putting latchets (to shoes).
A y- tashrim, (11 of ^j) Tearing, lacerating, splitting.
Returning, looking back (as wounded beasts).
A J; c- tashrin-i awwal, A Syro-macedonian month,
answering to October. j 'c- tashrin-i sn?, November.
A j-j tashazzur, (v of js) Being angry; preparing to fight.
A ej tasha-eun, (v of ej) Opposing (in law). -
A -- tashzib, (11 of ~}*) Making lean. w
A 25- tash;ir, (11 of j4) Twisting (a rope) from the right.
A 3-- tashsd, (11 of 3-4) Putting latches (" shoes).
A s- tasks?a, (11 of 3.) Putting thongs to a shoe. l
A 3.2-, tashtiyat, (11 of Ala-) Flaying (a slaughtered came ),
find cutting up (his) flesh. - el).
Azla- tashtr, (11 of A-4) Tying up two teats (of a cam
Milking (a camel) of two teats. - !------>
AJ** tashazz?, (v of us) Being split into shive"
Aia: tashziz, (11 of a shasa) Scattering (men). s
 J-
A -- tashattub, (v of ~~~~) Being divided, propagated.
A c-- tashattus, (v of ~~~~) Being stained, soiled, be
smeared. Being scattered, dispersed. Dividing into branches.
Being dishevelled and entangled (locks of hair).
Aj, tashattur, (v of jb) Being hairy (a foetus).
A Ja: tashattul, (v of J) Being inflamed. Burning.
A -x- tashaib, (11 of --) Dividing into branches.
Repairing a broken vessel. Producing branches (a tree).
A --; tashtis, (11 of t) Separating, dispersing. Sti
mulating, exciting. Flowing or creeping softly.
Ar- tashair, (11 of ,<) Making known. Becoming hairy.
Aj, tashaghghur, (w of A.) Going well (a camel).
A -- tashgib, (11 of ~3-) Raising a tumult, exciting
any thing ruinous to another.
A 3.x- tashghyat, A continual discharge of urine. ,
a *-i- tashaffue, (v of 834) Interceding, deprecating.
A J- tashaffz, (w of J) Returning to calmness of mind
(after anger), being placid, pacified. Consolation.
A &tashyat, (11 of J) Curing, restoring health.
Aris tashfir, (11 of, 3) Being consumed (property).
A t taski, (11 of 8-3) Admitting the intercession of
one person (for another).
A i tashfif, (11 of -is shaffa) Making thin.
A G tashfk, (11 of c-) Making small. Weaving in
the worst manner.
A C. tashakkuk, (v of G-: shakka) Being split, divided
(into several parts). Being clearly, distinctly delivered (a speech).
A & tashkiyat, (11 of J.) Rendering miserable.
A& tashkh, (11 of c) From being yellow, beginning
to redden (dates). Bearing such sorts of dates (a palm-tree).
A vari- tashkis, (11 of La) Dividing amongst partners.
* <<- tushk, Extreme cold.
AK- tashakkur, (w of X*) Returning thanks for favours.
Awarding a recompence.
A & tashakkuk, (v of t shakka) Doubting.
AJ& tashakkul, (v of J.C.) Being beautiful. Being half
ripe (grapes). Assuming a form.
A U.S.: tashakki, (w of **) Complaining (of aches and
pain). Making a milk-bottle from the skin of a sucking kid.
A & tashkiyat, (11 of X*) Making a milk-bottle or churn
(called 33 shakwat) from the skin of a sucking kid.
A <!- tashkk, (11 of t shakka) Creating doubt. insatiable. J & 2.5 tishnah shudan, To be thirsty.
A J- tashkl, (11 of UK.) Forming, framing, figuring.
Girthing (a horse). Tying a string to (a bird's) foot. Platting
(her) hair in two braids upon (her) forehead (a woman). .
A J- tashalshul, (11 of J-4. Q) Pouring. Scattering
(urine) here and there. Letting (water) flow drop by drop.
Coming drop by drop.
p - tashlij (or **) A cushion for kneeling at prayers.
405 e
A t- tashlikh, (11 of) Stripping naked, making bare.
A --~~~) tashammut, (v of c--) Being anathematized.
A & s tashmakhiyat, Pride, loftiness.
A y- tashammur, (v of A&) Lifting up the lappet of a gar
ment. Preparing for. Walking with nicety, or a haughty air.
Aja-i tashamnus, (v of 54.) Being contracted, knit (brow).
A U-a-, tashammus, (v of U_*) Being exposed to the sun.
A Jj tashammul, (v of Js) Being covered, concealed.
A ~~ tashammum, (v of ~& shamma) Smelling at, gently.
A G---- tashmit, (11 of G--:) Blessing any one (particu
larly when coughing or sneezing). Anathematizing, branding
with ignominy. Collecting. Blasting (one's) hopes, disappointing.
Pyr- tashmir (or z tashtmir), Polipody.
Aj, tashmir, (11 of z) Tucking up the garment. Bar
ing the legs. Taking off a garment (when preparing to do any
thing). Being ready, alert; despatching business. Expediting,
sending away (a ship), shooting (an arrow). Walking haugh
tily. Pruning (a palin-tree). Diligence, care.
P *}^* tashm?zaj (or --- chashmzzak), A black
shining grain resembling the pippin of a quince, with which,
when pulverized, they anoint the eyes.
A U-t-5 tashmis, (II of U-4-5) Exposing to the sun.
A t-t- tashmis, (11 of 8-8) Exposing one to ridicule,
making him contemptible. Covering with wax.
A Jj tashmil, (11 of J) Making expedition.
A ~~ tashmim, (11 of s shamma) Smelling.
P c- tashan, A small round blackish grain (larger than a
lentil) with which camphor is made up into an eye-salve.
P t:-
tashanmuj, Convulsion, spasm, cramp.
A *- tashannuj, (w of *) Being shriwelled (leather).
A s- tashamnue. (w of S-3) Making haste. Being open,
public, clear. Mounting on horseback. Arming, preparing
for battle. Sending out detachments of soldiers in every direc
tion. Plundering, pillaging (a party of marauders).
A 5.3 tashamnu, (v of -) Adorning with ear-rings.
P - $3.5 tashnak, The crown of the head. *
2 -- - - - -
P = -$ tashang, An iron instrument, with which carpenters
and builders pierce walls.
P J- tishnagi, Thirst. A hankering after.
A J- tashanmun, (w of c, shanna) Being wrinkled, shri
welled (skin). Becoming old and dried up (a leathern bottle).
P & tishnah, Thirsty, parched with thirst. Eager, greedy,
*2+ & 2.5 tishnah-jigar, Thirsty, desirous. Desire, wish.
P c- & 5 tishnah-khn, Blood-thirsty.
P &: tishnah-lab, Thirsty, having parched lips.
A t- tashnff, (11 of **) Wrinkling.
A ** tashnih, (11 of **) Reproaching, defaming.
Aj.. tashniz, (11 of 5-8) Deaming, disparaging.
A s- tashnia, (11 of s) Reproaching, blaming, defam
 ~~~
ing, slandering, disparaging, taunting. Reproving. Arming.
Mounting on horseback. Making haste, going well.
A i.e., tashnif, (11 of -s) Causing one to put jewels in
the ears. Adorning with ear-rings.
A c-- tashnik, (11 of G-s) Cutting (meat) in pieces.
A exts tashawwuz, (v of ex.) Wearing a turban or tiara.
Wreathing the sash round it. Sun-rise.
AJ33-5 tashawwur, (v of 93*) Being advised or persuaded.
Being made to blush (as if by having the person exposed).
A Lx~ tashawwush, (v of L, not in use) Being disturbed,
discordant. Disquietude, distraction.
A*- tashawwut, (v of **) Fatiguing (a horse).
A 5:... tashawwuf (v of -354) Being dressed, adorned.
Looking from a height. Raising the head. Fixing the eyes.
Being wishful, desiring anxiously.
A J- tashawwuk, (v of U+) Being anxious, wishful.
A %- tashawwuk, (v of cl) Being beset with thorns.
A. *}- tashaw-um, (v of **) Going to the left. Considering
as unlucky. Calling himself a Syrian.
A c- tashawwun, Levity of mind.
A 25- tashawwuh, (v of 8:) Being so altered as not to be
recognized. Hunting wild oxen. Deformity, change of looks.
A &:- tashwiyat, (11 of .9%) Roasting. Giving to roast.
A t:- tashwh, (11 of c:* obsol.) Denying, disavowing.
A 3.3-, tashwiz, (11 of 3,4 not in use) Putting on a turban
or tiara. Rising above the horizon (the sun).
r23-5 tashwir, Shame, the infliction of disgrace. Anguish,
distress of mind. Content, peace of mind. Increase. Aug
mented. JA:- To expose to shame, to display guilt.
A 25- tashrir, (11 of J34) Beckoning, making a sign with
the hand. Causing (another) to blush (as if by uncovering his
nakedness). Fattening (a horse).
A J- tashwash, (11 ofLs not in use) Mixing, confound
ing. Confusion, distraction, disquietude, alarm, apprehension.
A U23: tashwis, (11 of Je) Rubbing (the teeth). hammadan sect of Aliy called & shiat. Leaving a part of
Ala- tashwit, (11 of **) Cleaning a sheep's head with a anything undivided. - s- tashayyut-mazhab, Heresy.
hot iron. Keeping any thing in the fire till it is singed. Being
tedious (a journey). Making a pot to boil. Stewing (meat) till
father). Walking, going, entering into.
it dissolves. Nipping, pinching herbage (the frost).
A i- tashtei, (II of s) Polishing. Adorning, ren
dering beautiful. Seeing. Besmearing with pitch (a camel).
A c- tashwik, (11 of J) Inflaming with desire. -
A - tashwik, (11 of $3) pricking, being
Piercing,
Turning white (as grain before t fills). Hav
thorny (as a tree).
ing thick mustachios (as a young mun). Fencing with (as
a garden-wall, &c.). Producing side-teeth (a came s jaw).
Breeding sharp teeth (a camel); the rudiment. of quills (an un
fledged bird). Putting forth hair, afterhaving been (the
head). Pointing, swelling (as the breasts of a girl). Sewing.
A J- tashwil, (11 of J) Having * shrivelled udder
- A. .. - with
dder wi
406 J
--
out milk (a camel). Being diminished (water). Failing (as
water) in a leathern bottle. Dangling (penis).
A 43-5 tashwih, (11 of 3:4) Making deformed. Changing,
altering. Looking at one with a malignant eye.
P & tashshah, Name of an oil-measure; a hin.
A 38-5 tashahhud, (v of J) Making a profession of religion,
saying "J-9">< e <\; &\ } &\} e \t ashhadu an
la ilha illa'llh, wa ashhadu anna Muhammadan rasulullh,
I profess that there is no god but God, and I acknowledge that
Muhammad is the apostle of God; to which they sometimes add,
by way of amplification, &;-), sere \xi < e) **", wa ash
hadu anna Muhammadan tabduhu wa rasuluhu, And I confess
that Muhammad is his servant and his apostle.
P j- tashhizaj (or **** tashhizaj), Spectacles.
A J-, tashahhul, (v of J) Fading (complexion).
A Ji- tashah.ht, (v of s) Wishing, desiring, eagerly
A 3-4-5 tashhiyat, (11 of Q) Saying (to any one) What you
desire I will give. Inflaming with desire, making wanton,
Ayr- tashhir, (11 of j) Divulging, proclaiming, praising
the merit of another. Drawing a sword, and flourishing it round
the heads of others. Ordering a criminal to be carried through
the city (placed upon an ass) as an example. Coruscation.
AJ-e-, tashhil, (11 of J) Injuring, speaking ill of
PU s tash?, A porcupine. Tishi, A lousy man.
A- tashayyukh, (v of **) Showing old age. Assuming
the character of a shaykh, i.e. an elder, or a learned man.
A Ql tashayyud, (v of M.) Being raised up (an edifice).
Pyr- tash?r, A shady place (for sitting in).
P r- tashirah, A ball made of coloured stones.
Ala- tashayyut, (v of la:) Being burnt, scorched. Becom
ing emaciated from indulging too freely in venery.
A J- tashaytun, (11 of cla: Q) Deporting himself like
Satan, by being stubborn, proud, and headstrong.
A s- tashayyut, (v of 8-8) Professing to be of the Mu
A ~~ tashayyum, (v of ~~) Taking after, resembling (on
A cr- tashayyun, Pomp, state, ostentatious display.
A:-- tashayyu-a, (v of J-3) Being appeased (anger).
A -- tashy?b, (11 of -r) Making grey (sorrow).
A... tashyi-at, (ii of ...) willing. Making willing
ing on. Making deformed, covering with confusion. - -
A ** tash ykh, (11 of **) Growing aged. Calling *
s
one ** shaykh, i. e. doctor (a title of respect).
-
A 3: tashyid, (II of J) Raising high (a fibrio. Ex
tolling (a name). Confirming, corroborating, * s
A C*- tashyis, (11 of La) Punishing, imposing * *.
A lar: tashyit, (11 of 2:.) Burning up the wool of a sheep

Q-
-
head that it may be more easily cleaned. Taking the strength
(out of meat). Victuals dressed (for the people).
As-tashyfe, (11 of 8-8) Accompanying, following. Com
ing after others are gone, and then following them. Burning,
scorching. Feeding a fire with fuel. Provoking to battle, P.S
e2; ju-tashyi-ijanizah kardan, To follow a funeral.
A-ir tashyf; (11 of ~i) Forming (any thing) into a
remedy for sore eyes.
Acr- tashyin, (11 of cs) Writing well the letter U shin.
A -- tasabb, (v1 of ~ sabba) Drinking the remains (of
water) in a pot.
Alka tasb, (vi of re) Inflaming with love, and deceiv
ing (a woman). Playing with boys.
Acla tasatt, (viofs-2 satta) Fighting among themselves.
A 3' a tastidu, (vi of -34.) Meeting. Agreeing about.
A Ja tasaduk, (v) of J-2) Cultivating sincere friendship.
Acting with fidelity and affection towards each other.
A *** tasadum, (v1 of **) Dashing one against another.
A ka; tasarif (and <2\,\ a, tasarifat), Absolute com
mands, sovereign mandates.
A a tasarum, (v1 of re) Cutting asunder, disjoining.
A-ij-, tasari, (pl. of iraj tasrf) Absolute commands.
Conversions. Revolutions. Changes, vicissitudes.
A-> tasa-su-a, (v1 of 22 Q) Fearing, apprehending.
A -2\a taseub, (v1 of ~~~~) Being difficult, hard. Be
ing contumacious, untractable, disobedient, troublesome.
A as a tasieud, (v1 of Axe) Being difficult. Ascension.
Ajka tasighur, (vi of 2) Displeasing, debasing one's self.
A a tastiff, (v1 of -32 saffa) Getting ready for battle.
a c- tasafuh, (v1 ofe-) Shaking hands. Forgiving.
A Jla tasafuk, (v1 of G32) Joining hands on a bargain.
2. A Ga tasiun, (v1 ofe; e) Dividing (water) in lots.
A 3|aj tasifi, (v1 of 33.2) Acting sincerely to each other.
2} *** tasaluj, (v1 of g) Feigning deafness.
s: A 3- 2*) Being reconciled together.
tasaluh, (v1 of
*** tasalukh, (v1 of **) Pretending to be deaf.
A ** tasimm, (v1 of ~ samma) Feigning to be deaf.
A -ij- tasini, (pl. of -i- tasn) Literary works.
A Je tasawul, (v1 of J;-) Attacking each other.
Aa tusawir, (pl. of 23 as taswir) Images, pictures.
A t tasayuh, (v1 of **) Calling to one another.
A -- a tasabbub, (v of J sabba) Being poured out, dis
embogued. Flowing from a height. Being elapsed, escaped.
At a tasabbuh, (w of 6-) Coming in the morning. Slum
bering in the morning. Taking breakfast.
Araj tasubbur, (v of re) Affecting to be patient.
A-a-a tasubsub, (11of-a-e Q) Elapsing, being "P" (the
best part of the night). Being very bold. Being intense (heat).
407 C-c-
A La: tasabi, (V of Je) Bearing a child (a girl). Being
inflamed with love and deceived (a woman).
A ** tasbih, (11 of **) Saluting in the morning. Coming
in the morning. Giving a morning draught. Causing to come
in the morning. Making it morning.
A raj tasbir, (11 of re) Desiring one to have patience.
Restraining one's self or another from doing any thing. Taking
any thing by the gross, without weight or measure.
A 3-rea tasbigh, (ii of 8-) Ripening at the stalk (a date).
Being delivered of a hairy abortion (a camel). Colouring.
A craj tasbin, (11 of c-e) Rubbing with soap.
A t-a tasattut, (v of 3-2) Going backwards and forwards,
here and there. Coming naked and alone.
A t a tasattum, (w of not in use) Springing rapidly.
A ** tastin, (11 of * obsol.) Completing (a number).
A -s tasahhuf, (v of ~&s not in use) Committing an
error in reading or writing.
A *** tas-hih, (II ofe sahha) Curing (the infirm). Level
ing. Amending, correcting. Verifying, illustrating. Putting
in order, arranging, reducing to a better form.
P &\s tas-hzhah, Muster. asys .#le dagh-i tas-hihah,
The office in which the horses entertained in service are marked. *
A i s tas-hi, (11 of -is not in use) Making an error
in reading or writing. Altering, changing (a letter). Spoiling.
A J.M.aj tasaddud, (v of A-2 sadda) Opposing, presenting one's
self to. Happening. Being exposed. Being bent, curved. As
cending a mountain in a zigzag direction (a camel). Perishing,
AJ&aj tasaddur, (v of Je) Being placed in the chief seat.
Going before. Claiming, taking precedency.
A {< tasaddue, (v of $2.2) Becoming cleft, split, divided,
separated, dispersed, scattered, dissipated.
A $3.2 tas addu, (v of -59-2) Declining. Being averted.
A jxa tasadduk, (w of ge-) Giving alms. Forgiving.
A 5-2 tasaddu-a, (w of A.) Opposing, disturbing.
A six as tasadd, (v of .522) Happening, coming to pass.
Perishing. Presuming, attempting, daring. Undertaking, pre
paring for. Opposing, turning away the face.
A & Maj tasdiyat, (11 of sc) Clapping with the hands.
A x as tas did, (11 of 3-2 sadda) Striking with vehemence (so
that the sound is heard). Flapping the wings (a bird). Striking
(the lyre). Shaking (as the wind). Pouring (wine) from one ves
sel into another. Leading (cattle) from pasture to pasture.
A 2A as tasdir, (11 of,x2) Leading back from water. Taking
the lead with a stretched-outbreast (a race-horse). Yielding pre
cedence, giving the highest place, or chief seat at table. Begin
ning a letter with a procemium or exordium. Sweating. Breast
harness. Precedence at table.
A **a, tasdie, (11 of $3.2) Splitting. Separating, scatter
ing. Suffering from a violent head-ache. The head-ache. Per
 s 408
plexity. re ** To give the head-ache. To stun, to im
portune. To give trouble or uneasiness. To split, to disperse.
A --23 tasdf, (11 of -3-2) A verting, scaring away.
A c-2 tasdk, (11 of J-2) Assuring of the truth of proving,
attesting, verifying. Believing, crediting, acknowledging as
true. Receiving contributions for pious uses. Running away
(a wild beast pursued) without looking behind him. . zc
J3-5 tasdik-i bil tasaiccur, Presupposition.
A s- tasdikiy, Confirmatory. &-a "a matlib-i
tasdekiyah, Confirmative questions (tending to prove the truth).
A tr tasarrukh, (v of & re) Crying out, exclaiming vehe
U-23
A C-x_2, tasattub, (v of --e) Being difficult, above one,
A x as tasat&ud, (v of Ax-e) Being important, difficult.
A.J., a tasaarur, (11 of x~ 0) Being spherical, globular.
A --; tasaaluk, (11 of <<!-- Q) Becoming indigent.
Voiding excrement (a camel). Poverty, need, indigence.
A x-a tastid, (11 of Ax-e Q) Raising up. Ascending a moun
tain. Going on a declivity. Melting. Distilling, sublimating.
A 2x2 tastir, (11 of,) Making faces in contempt.
A yk a tasghir, (11 of 2) Diminishing. Rendering con
temptible, despising. Diminution. A diminutive noun.
A c- tasaffith, (v of 2-) Looking at the broad surface of

mently. Endeavouring to cry out. a thing. Examining minutely, considering accurately. Com
A 3, a tasarru, (v of -52) Holding at one's own disposal. paring, revising page after page.
Using one's own discretion. Taking, seizing, claiming. Being A c- tasaffuk, (v of ce) Moving from side to side (a c
skilled, well practised in. Possession, use. Ownership, controul. mel) on his back. Opposition, obstacle, injury. Inversion.
Expenditure, embezzlement, extravagance. Dexterity, indus A & tasiyat, (11 of J.2) Purifying (especially the mind
try. c- re, tasarra dashtan, To possess, enjoy, usurp, from ill will), rendering clear, bright. Purgation. Reconcilia
P
have in one's power. J ra, tasarru kardan, To use. tion. P c &aj J-U- To purge out humours.
A <29, as tasarruat, (pl. of re tasarru) Possessions, t- tasfah, (ii of 2-) Making broad, expanding, beat
A

usages. The sum total of expenses. -->}} ,-\,- tasarrufat-i ing out (ploughshare, or sword-blade). Clapping (the hands).
ruwt, Compositions, histories, the style or manner of writers. A s- tasid, (11 of A-e) Fastening, binding, tying.
.# 3- tasarru?, Common provisions given to dependents.
A 2-5 tasir, (11 of le) Making yellow or pale.
A era, tasarrum, (v of er) Being cut off, rescinded. Being A i- tasif, (11 of -2 saffa) Arranging, drawing up
hard, robust, stubborn, obstinate. Being stript of the skin. Ceas an army in order of battle.
ing, leaving off. Finishing. A C- tasik, (11 of Ce) Striking with vehemence (*
A --ral tasrzb, (11 of -re) Drinking sour milk. Eating that the sound is heard). Flapping the wings (a bird). Playing
a vegetable called -re sarab, in the hollow of which there is a (on the harp). Pouring (wine) from one vessel into another.
most delicious juice. Leading (cattle) from pasture to pasture.
A. &ra tasriyat, (11 of 5,2) Taking little or no milk (from a A J- taskil, (11 of Jie) Polishing, furbishing.
sheep), in order to increase it. A --> tas allub, (v of --) Being hard, firm. .
A cr- tasrah, (11 of cy) Speaking openly. Shewing plain A --- tasalut, (v of ~12) Drawing a sword.
ly. Being open, plain, sincere, pure, clear. Evidence, mani
A J-- tasalsul, (11 of J-2 Q) Resounding (as thunder,
festation. P J r- To make manifest, to explain, to prove. artillery, a smith's forge, &c.) tingling (as bells, or other bodies
A & raj tasrid, (11 of eye) Giving a very little to drink, not of a smaller and shriller sound). Becoming dry and rattling (*
sufficient to quench the thirst. clay). The hum of a large concourse of people.
-

A s- tasallus, (v of **) Bursting from behind a cloud

A Sraj tasrit, (11 of & re) Overthrowing, throwing com
pletely prostrate. Making two-fold. Putting folding doors to (the sun), reaching the meridian.
a gate. Beginning a poem with a hemistich, to the last syllable A a tasallu, (v of -8.2) Boasting, gasconading:
A c- tasalluk, (w of c-e) Crying out (a woman in labour).
of which all the verses in the piece must rhyme.
A -, as tasrif, (11 of re) Changing, turning, converting. Rolling in pain (from the belly-ache).
Inflecting, conjugating, declining (in a grammatical sense). A J- tasalli, (v of :-) Being burnt, scorched, singed.
Changing (money) from species to species. Drinking pure Growing hot, being heated before the fire.
A ~~~~ taslib, (11 of ~~) Crucifying. Impaling. Mak
(wine). Appointing a man to manage affairs, with full powers.
Expounding. Dismissing. Inflection, conjugation, etymology. ing the sign of the cross; painting, or forming in the shape of a
A ra, tasrim, (II of re) Breaking, cutting (a rope) in crucifix. Making very hard. Growing hard (a soft date).
pieces. Cutting (a camel's) teat in order that, the duct closing A &as tasliyat, (11 of 4.2) Becoming hot (fire). Putting any
up, the milk may dry. thing into the fire to heat. Making straight by heat (a stick).
A Je, tistak, (from Ge) Fainting, falling into a swoon. Praying to God. Being propitious, merciful (God). Blessing,
Dying. Crying aloud from terror. supplicating a blessing upon, praying for. A confession of faith,
 -

409 \.33
_3-2-

A.A..a taslid, (11 of **) Being covetous.
At-la taslit., (11 of t) Making an apology. Issuing
forth clean (a snake). Stretching out the hand, and easing nature.
A.J.) as taslil, (11 of J-2 salla) Beginning to stink (meat).
Making a tinkling noise (iron). Rumbling aloud from thirst (the
belly of a horse).
A * taslim, (11 of l-) Cutting up by the root. Maiming
(especially in the ears or nose).
A t--a tasamnue, (v of s-c) Being stained (with blood).
A c---: tasmit, (11 of G--e) Keeping or ordering silence.
As-- tasmit, (11 of 8-1-2) Heaping, piling up to a point.
A t a tasmigh, (11 of 8-1-2) Gumming (any thing).
A J--a tasml, (11 of Je) Becoming stiff and rough (a
tree not watered).
A -- tasmim, (ii of ~ samma) Intending, designing, re
solving deliberately, determining firmly. Proceeding upon a
journey, going on briskly. Penetrating to the bone (with a
sword). Biting, fixing, or holding with the teeth. Resolution,
firmness, constancy, determination.
fall from a height. Putting a horse to the gallop, urging to full
speed. Holding down the head. Directing, turning.
A & 22 tas wiyat, (11 of s-) Leaving a ewe not milked dry,
in order that the milk may thicken. Exempting a stallion camel
from all kinds of labour. Reserving a son for a widow, or a
daughter for a widower.
A c-; a tastet, (11 of ~~~) Resounding. Exclaiming.
A t:- tastrzh, (11 of c;-) Drying up (as the sun or wind).
Withering (herbs, particularly on the tops).
A A}<s tastrid, (11 of ex-) Writing the letter U2 sad.
A 25- tastrr, (11 of 95) Forming. Painting, limning. A
picture, image, effigy. P J932- To paint. To represent.
A 8-2-5 tastet, (11 of 8 e) (Wind) drying (plants). Making
round. Preparing (a place) for carding cotton.
A $5-a tasic, (11 of -55-2) Speaking obscurely (a soph).
A.J.; a taswil, (ii of J:-) Carrying any thing by water.
Sweeping (a barn or granary).
A 4-5 (assah, Grief, sorrow.
A t- tasa/yuh, (v of **) Drying up (herbs).

A t tasannut, (v of 8-2) Adorning herself (a woman). A Q-a tasa/yud, (v of Aze) Hunting.

Making a display of art. Showing a specious outside. A r-, tasa/yur, (v of re) Resembling (his) father.
A Q-i-a; tasannu, (v of ~& 2) Becoming excoriated (the lip). A sa tasa/yut, (v of 3-2) Moving to and fro on the sur
A 8-5 tasni, (11 of *-e) Dressing elegantly (a girl). face of the ground (water). Being scattered (people), dishe
Feeding, fattening (a girl). Exercising any art. velled (hair). Withering (a plant).
A -- tasmif, (11 of i.e. not in use) Sorting, ranging, A - tasayyu, (v of -ize) Having summer-weather.
distributing (in classes). Compiling, editing, publishing (a book). Living any where in the summer-season.
Leafing (a tree). Invention, composition. Arrangement. A J- tasayyi-a, (w of- obsol.) Washing (the head) slightly.
A *~~ tasmim, (11 of - not in use) Forming an idol.
A &ra tasyi-at, (11 of - not in use) Washing (the head)
A -- tasawwub, (v of ~32) Falling (rain). Reaching. slightly. Bearing dates turning to a purple colour (a palm-tree).
A t- tasy, h, (11 of **) Drying (as the sun or wind).
A t tasawwuh, (v of c-) Becoming divided (hair in ring
lets). Being dried, withered (herbage). A re-a tasyr, (11 of re) Effecting, causing to become. Re
*Jatasawwur, (vof 23.2) Being painted, pourtrayed, framed, turning, converting to. Sending. Stopping, confining (water).
fashioned, formed, imagined, conceived. Imagining, fancying. A 8-t-a tasygh, (11 of 8-e not in use) Saucing (meat).
Falling under a blow. Imagination, fancy, conception, specu A -a tasyf, (11 of ~~~) Sufficing for the summer.
lation, supposition, reflection, apprehension, idea. A --- tazjum, (v1 of **) Being controverted. Being
A 8 :- tasawwut, (v of 8 :-) Being dispersed (people),
wry-mouthed. Controversy. An obliquity in the mouth.
dishevelled (hair). Being withered (a plant). Growing luxu A -- i tasihuk, (vi of -3) Laughing at one another.
riantly (a plant). A 2'-i tazdd, (v) of ~3 sadda) Being enemies, opponents.
A-, as tasawwuf (v of 3; e) Being dark and mystical Contradiction, contrariety. Absurdity, inconsistency.
(a saying). An obscure and enigmatical mode of speaking (pe A_\i- tazrr, (v1 of 23 zarra) Injuring one another. Meet
culiar to the Eastern sophs or religious devotees. Jargon. Con ing, joining, agreeing together.
templation. Mysticism, Sf-ism. A society of men (particu A -\i- tazrub, (v1 of ~3) Being in commotion, dis
y larly a religious order). Braj Js" ahl-i tasawwuf. An an tracted among themselves. Fighting with swords. Squabbling.
choret. as .* film-i tasawwuf. The science of mystery, A Ji- tazarus, (v1 of Lre) Being unequal, consisting of

theology. uneven projecting parts. Making war, fighting with one another.
. A.J.; a tasawwuk, (v of Je) Being dirtied with ordure.
A <!- tasawwuk, (v of 9-) Being bedaubed with filth.
A & A is Tazrut, Name of a mountain in Najd.

A. ej-i- tazzun, (v1 of ej-3) Giving to one another. Fight

^eya tasawwun, (v of ex-) Self-preservation. ing with one another.
* -- taswib, (11 of ce) Approving, praising. Letting A--vij taztu, (v1 of -x 3) Increasing, doubling,
3 G
 _*} 410 _5-a-

A--vis taztf (pl. of i i tazf) Augmentations. A cre gr) Dyeing (a garment) of a red
tazraj, (11 of
Alaui; taxghut, (v1 of **) Crowding, pressing. colour. Imbruing, smearing (with blood). Speaking with
A J-i- taxaghun, (v) of J) Hating one another.
elegance. Slackening, unloosing the breast of a garment.
A J*-i- tazaghi, (VI of ) Roaring aloud in anger, A vri, tazris, (11 of Lr) Making expert (frequent wars).
A 3'-i tazff, (v1 of -i zaffa) Pressing, crowding one Ari tazrit, (11 of **) Causing to break wind. Making
upon another (camels, when running to water). a noise with the mouth in contempt. Holding up to ridicule.
A}\ is tazfur, (v1 of ,-3) Helping each other. Flowing, A t tazrit, (11 of 23) Being about to set (the sun).
joining, meeting, agreeing together. Being nearly cooked (meat in a pot).
A ** tazrim, (11 of r) Making burn. Spurring a camel.
Alaski; taxut, (v1 of as.) Being compact, firm (flesh).
A cil tazfun, (v1 of c-3) Helping one another. A 8-i tuz (from 8-32), Bringing forth a child. Tuz or
A Vij taxmm, (11 of ~ zamma) Being joined, accumulated. tugu, Conceiving a little before menstruation.
A #" is tasiyu, (v1 of --3) Being near, at the side of A six-i tazatzut (11 of 8-in-e Q Being desolated. Be
Being narrow, confined (a channel). coming depressed. Humbling one's self. Destruction.
A&i= tazyuk, (VI of G-3) Being narrow (mind or place). A -ix-i taxattu, (v of ) Considering as weak.
A -- is tazabbub, (v of -3 &abba) Becoming fat and A -i- i taxf, (11 of -ix-3) Increasing, doubling, multiply
short-necked (a boy). ing. Making weak. Esteeming or calling weak.
Ala-i-, taxabbut, (v of a-3) Besieging. Taking by force. Aj i taxfir, (11 of ,-3) Twisting (hair).
Snatching a mouthful of grass, and running away (a sheep). A - 3.3 tasaksuk, (11 of tis oj Rejoicing, exulting.
A -- taxbib, (11 of -3 cabba) Shutting the door. Feed A JM-3 tizll, (11 of J-3 zalla) Leading astray. Seduction.
ing (a boy) with butter from a leathern vase. Making fat. A. s taxallut, (v of **) Being satiated (with victuals).
A 3 tazbid, (II of A-3 obsol.) Putting in a passion by words. A J-i tu-allil or tuzullil, Vain, empty.
A sr-i taxb7t, (11 of 8-3) Being pusillanimous. Prevent A t- tazli, (11 of s-3) Painting the side (of a vest). Cul

ing a sportsman from killing game, by coming between. Going ting in slices (a melon). Distorting. Misrepresenting.
with a long trot (a horse). A J-i taslil, (11 of J-3 zalla) Seducing, causing to wander.
A , s tasajur, (w of, s) Being oppressed in mind. Bray Accusing of error. Ruining, destroying.
ing (a camel). Anguish of soul. Perturbation, commotion. A * tacammukh, (v of**) Being
anointed (the body).
A *s tasaijut, (v of s) Doing less than one ought, A *- tazammud, (v of x~3) Being bound up, dressed with
being negligent, indolent. Remaining fixed (a cloud). a plaster (a wound). Being bound round with a fillet (the head).
A *** tag it,
(11 of **) Doing less than one ought, A_*-ij tacammur, (w of 2-3) Becoming slender, lean, gaunt.
being negligent. Setting (the sun). Falling away, becoming lean and withered (the face).
A ***tazahzuh, (II of 2-is q) Undulating (a vapour). A c-i tacammun, (v of c-3) Comprehending, containing,
a s tazahhuk, (v of s) Laughing. Mocking. including. Undertaking for, becoming security (for the P
A Js tazahh?, (w of Js") Dining. Basking in the sun. formance of any thing). Insuring. A bond with sureties.
A *** tazmikh, (11 of **) Anointing copiously (the body),
A ...s tazhiyat, (II of s) Proceeding slowly. Sacrificing
a sheep (when the day is far advanced).
A 3-35 taxmid, (11 of A4.2) Binding (the head) with a fillet
Leading sheep to pas
ture between sun-rise and mid-day. Entertaining at dinner. of any kind (excepting the &\te timmat or sash of fine linen).
A cls tachik, (11 of Ks) Mockery, derision, ridicule. Striking the head. Binding up a wound. Applying a plaster.
A --></ tazarrub, (v of ~~3) Beating one's self. Being Aj i tazmir, (11 of 24.3) Making lean. Fattening a horse,
moved, stirred, agitated. Being coined (money, or a proverb). by extra-feeding for forty days, and then returning him to his
A $24, tasirrat, Necessity, want, indigence. former pasture.
A &23. tazarruj, (w of 23) Being contaminated, stained A c-i tazmin, (11 of c-3) Repairing damage, making
(with blood). Expanding, bursting from the envelope, bud, or satisfaction for an injury. Becoming security. Intrusting with
pod (a flower or fruit). Shooting (as lightning). another. Lending upon interest. Putting in a purse or strong
A.J., & tasarrur, (v of Pzarra) Being injured, or scattered. box. Comprehending or including one thing in another. In
A & r tazarrut, (v of 23) Humbling one's self. Giving serting the verses of another in his own poem.
one's self up to the divine disposal. Submission, supplication. A taxanni, (y of U-4) Being prolific (a woman).

A ri tazarrum, (v of r) Kindling (fire or rage). A zz tazawazuj, (v of z:4) Meandering (a river).

a -23. tazrib, (11 of ~,) Stirring up debate. Mixing. A_2+ tasawwur, (v of 25-3) Exclaiming, lamenting. Flutter
Stitching a garment lined with cotton. Going in the snow. ing the wings round the mother (young birds when wanting
 W-3 411

food). Writhing and throwing himself about (as a boy when
crying). A complaint. Hunger.
A 8 :- tazzawwut, (v of 82) Diffusing odours (any thing
when moved). The contortions of a boy when weeping.
A 64, tazawwuk, (v of %) Being defiled (with dung).
A &- tazaww.i-a, (v of r) Sitting in a dark place (in order
to get a sight of its inhabitants by the light of a fire).
A&xi; tazwi-at, (11 of *) Making bright, pellucid, shin
ing. Declining, turning away from.
Alxi, tazwit, (II of x not in use) Assembling, meeting.
A --; taxhib, (II of t) Broiling upon a hot stone ;
roasting, but not quite enough. Holding (a spear, arrow, or
stick) to the fire in order to make them straight.
A ** tazayyuh, (v ofe) Being diluted with water (milk).
Drinking milk thus diluted.
A t tazayyut, (y of 83) Diffusing a perfume (musk).
A i.i. tazayyu, (v of --3) Declining (as the sun to the
west). Being received hospitably (as a guest). Being a follower
or sectary. Being assembled, collected, met.
A C tazayyuk, (w of G-3) Being reduced to straits.
A zd; taxyth, (II of 2:2) Diluting (milk) with water. Giv
ing such milk and water to drink.
A s tasye, (11 of 8-3) Losing, consuming. Defacing. tween, the thighs, in the sacred inclination of the body at prayer,
P Jj 2* ...t, 's-t- To waste the precious hours of life.
A -ir-i tazyf, (11 of --3) Receiving and entertaining
hospitably. Causing to incline or decline. Fearing for one's
self. Reducing to shifts. Inclining westward (the sun).
A Gd tazyk, (II of G-3) Restraining, compressing, re
ducing to straits; hemming in (an enemy). Arguing closely,
putting an antagonist to a nonplus.
*A"a tat, (fut. * Ayattu) He injured.
A2's tatayur, (VI of-k) Flying or fluttering here and there.
Being dispersed, scattered. Being long and flowing (hair).
A --~~ tatabbub, (v of -* tabba) Practising physic.
A ** tatabbuj, (v of: k) Introducing variety in conversation.
A -la. tatabdub, (11 of k q) Dashing (as a torrent).
A tla tatabbut, (v of sk) Being agreeable to nature.
Adopting any habit until it becomes a second nature. Being
completely replenished, filled to the brim or to the top.
A G tatabbuk, (v of c) Being congruous, consonant.
Being covered. Being placed (as a cover). Being folded.
A ~~~ tatt,7b, (11 of ~k tabba) Shaking (a bottle, sus
pended from a tent-pole, in order to churn butter). Letting in
a gore or gusset called & banikat, in order to enlarge a vest.
Covering the seams of a water-bottle with strips of leather.
A ** tattikh, (11 of 24k) Growing (a boy, or a lizard).
A s tatD78, (11 of 3-2) Loading well. Making a proper
impression (with a seal). Filling (a bottle) till (it) runs over.
Staining, besmearing, tinging.
Acla, tathik, (11 of Jk) Comparing, confronting, opposing
(face to face, army to army). Adapting, laying one thing ex
actly over another, doubling, folding. Overspreading (as clouds
the sky, or water the earth). Placing the hands upon, or be
called83% rukg. Striking exactly at the joint (when dividing
any animal with an axe or sword; samam being the word
used when hitting the bone). Raining universally. Drawing
the fore-feet near to the hind-feet when going to leap (a horse).
A Jl tathil, (11 of J.E) Beating a drum.
Ajlai tatsir, (11 of Ak) Having a thick coating of cream
floating on its surface (milk).
~la, tatarrub, (v of A) Dancing for joy.
A.

A.J.'s tatabuk, (v1 of ck) According, agreeing. -j tatarsus, (11 of <!. Q) Culling, picking the plant
A

AJ tatarush, (v1 of J%) Feigning deafness. or root called <-k turtus.

AJ)". tataruk, (v1 of J.;P) Following one another, treading A_jja; tatarruz, (v of j}) Being embroidered or otherwise
in each other's steps. ornamented (the border of a garment).
A -j tatri, The tips of the fingers. A v tatarrus, (v of Jk) Disdaining, abstaining from.
A}^a tata-tu-a, (11 of "L Q) Being inclined downwards Being curious; being nice, dainty, squeamish, with respect to food.
(the head). Stooping, crouching, submitting to another. A L tatarrush, (v of U%) Recovering from indisposition.
A ** tatzum, (v1 of exp) Billing, bennetting (as turtles). Disagreeing. Opposition, contradiction.
A J tatasun, (v1 of ej) Letting fly at each other in A. a tatarru, (v of 32) Pasturing (a she-camel) at the
battle, piercing mutually with spears. extremity of a field. Reaching, striking the extremity. Look
A J tatll, (v1 of J. talla) Standing on tiptoe, and stretch ing out for a new husband (a woman).
ing out the neck, to see any distant object. A. JA tatarruk, (w of J}) Crossing (another) in the road.
A ca tatawuh, (v1 of c) Throwing at one another. Thwarting, injuring. Travelling. Branching out. Opposition.
A 83% tatwut, (v1 of &#) Giving application. Division, distraction. Opposition of synonimes.
AJ tatwul, (v1 of J}) Being long. Exalting one's A tatarrum, (w of ck) Stammering in speech.

A --> tatrib, (11 of-A-) Causing to leap for joy or writhe

self (especially from pride); stretching out the neck to look at
anything, Unjustly usurping another's right. Usurpation, ty in pain. Singing with great taste and execution.
ranny, conquest, extension of dominion. Rudeness, insolence. A & as tatriyat, (11 of **) Making anew. Freshening.
*** J's tatwul-pashah, Accustomed to domineer. Making sweetmeats with honey.
3 G 2
 J-5
A A, tatris, (11 of ~} not in use) Picking, plucking
the root or plant called <-->tartis.
A ** tatrih, (11 of c.A.) Projecting greatly. Extending (a
building) in length.
A *A tatrid, (11 of ek) Driving away, repulsing. Holding
out or brandishing (a scourge). Pursuing.
AJA, tatriz, (11 of j}) Embroidering, ornamenting the edge
of a garment.
A U-A tatris, (11 of L) Blackening (a door).
Tracing
the pen over any writing a second time.
A Jj tatrish, (11 of L) Dispersing, scattering.
A tatrf. (11 of ) Fighting at the wing of an army
when attacking the enemy.
A Jj tatrik, (11 of J})
Being in labour (a woman, also an
animal); being near laying eggs (a bird). Acknowledging a
debt formerly denied. Doubling, folding, lining a shield or
slipper. Sowing folds of cloth together. Restraining a camel
from pasture; also permitting him to pass to it. Going into a
stream (a camel), and befouling it with dung and urine.
A J.--> tatsis, (11 of v tassa) Wandering about.
A $ tatatum, (v of 9) Tasting, trying, sipping.
A ~~~ tataim, (11 of **) Giving to taste. Engrafting a
branch of one tree upon another to give a flavour to its fruit.
A ex-5 tataghghum, (v of **) Feigning ignorance and folly.
A Jl tatafful, (v of Je) Going uninvited to a feast.
A 3.3-, tai-at, (11 ofl.) Extinguishing. -
A z tath, (11 of 2*) Filling (a vessel) till it overflows.
Rums over, overflowing (liquor in a vessel).
Al- tatfr, (II of jk)
Turning to cream (milk).
A ila tai, (11 of -i taffa) Not quite filling a place or
vessel. Selling by measure less than standard. Keeping one's
family and domestics upon a slender allowance. Expanding the
wings (a bird). Approaching. Making (a horse) leap.
A Jla tail, (11 of Jb) Being near setting (the sun), red
dening towards the west. Beginning to darken (the night).
Labouring a discourse. Going slowly (camels, to enable their
colts to keep pace). Being raised from the surface of the earth
(plants). Troubling with unseasonable visits. Causing one to
go uninvited to a feast. Being made to go to a feast.
A tatallub, (w of 4%) Enquiring, interrogating,
searching, requesting again and again.
A v fatallus, (v of vl.) Being erased, defaced (writ
ing). Putting on a veil.
A t tatallue, (v of s) Being filled (a measure). Being
borne up. Considering. Looking at attentively. Knowing.
Staggering, tottering.
A clla tatalluk, (vok) Flying rapidly without looking be
hind (a doe). Staling after a heat (a horse). Being uncovered.
A J tatall?, (v of J) Being anointed, besmeared, be
dawbed (with oil or pitch). Being addicted to pleasure.
412 3-3
A."a tatlib, (11 of ~~) Seeking leisurely.
A 3.5 tatliyat, (11 of J) Anointing. Rendering morbid.
A t tatlih, (11 of 2* ) Fatiguing (a camel).
A u- tatlis, (11 of v) Erasing (writing).
A t tatlit, (11 of **) Lifting up, causing to ascend.
Filling a measure. Beginning to put forth buds (a palm-tree).
A a tati, (11 of - not in use) Superadding.
A Cla tatlk, (11 of c) Dismissing, repudiating a wife.
Loosening, liberating. Impregnating the female palm-tree (by
sprinkling over it the male flowers). Being relieved from pain,
being restored to one's self (from the bite of a serpent).
A slaj tatlm, (11 of ld) Forming bread into shape with the
hands; baking it under the ashes.
A u- tatammus, (w of J-k) Being obliterated, erased.
A ** tatmih, (11 of ) Scattering (urine) in the air.
Arla tatmir, (11 of Ple) Folding together. Loosing a veil.
A tla tatmit, (11 of s) Exciting avarice, tempting.
A laj tatmim, (11 of tamma) Alighting, or hopping upon
a branch (a bird).
A cala tatmin, (11 of cb) Making secure, tranquil.
AA-la tatansur, (11 of A.l. q) Eating rich fat things so as to
overload the stomach.
A &l=5 tatannu, (v of -/-) Being affected with a strong
desire (the mind). Coming unawares, surprising.
A -la tatni, (11 of ~k not in use) Abiding, continuing
(in one place). Being long in the back (a horse).
A&la tatniyat, (11 of ) Curing one of a distemper, or
giving medicine as a preventative.
A ** tatnikh, (11 of **) Causing an indigestion.
A ila tatni, (11 of cb) Suspecting. Applying the mind
to. Fencing (a wall) with thorns.
A laj taticf (from 39), Going round much and often.
A c:* tatawwuh, (v of c) Wandering at random.
A* tatawicud, (v of 9:2) Going (about the mountains).
Ajla tatawwur, (v of 23%) Being near, approaching.
A Je tataww.us, (v of Jk) Dressing gaudily, like a pea
cock (a woman).
A 83. tatawicut, (v of 83%) Doing a good action to which
one is not obliged. Undertaking to execute any thing. Being
obedient. g- & a tatawwut-i hajj, A spontaneous pilgrimage.
z
A la tatawwuet, (pl. of & A tatawwut) Spontaneous
actions, works of supererogation.
A ; a tatawwuf (v of 5%) Going round (in procession).
A J tatawwuk, (w of 5%) Adorning one's self, being ador"
ed with a chain, collar, or necklace; wearing it round the neck.
A Jla titwal, The space, the term of human life.
A J.'s tatawwul, (v of J}) Favouring, benefiting. Be
coming long. Becoming proud, elevating one's self.

U-3
A ** tataww.7, (w of **) Coiling up, twisting or writhing
spirally (as a serpent).
A ** tattvih, (11 of c) Throwing stones. Striking with
a stick. Destroying, Chasing, driving away. Causing to wan
der about in astonishment. Banishing to the desert or other un
known place. Forcing to love.
A A}|aj tattoid, (11 of **) Wandering among the mountains.
Avla, tattois, (II of v not in use) Leading away.
A Lla tattvish, (11 of Jk) Giving time (to a debtor).
A t tattvia, (11 of 8 *) Rendering tractable, obsequious,
obedient. Permitting, approving, or pardoning the murderer of
a brother. Asking and obtaining leave from one to permit his
under tyranny.
brother to be killed. Being feasible, practicable.
A tattv7f, (11 of 5%) Causing one to go round. Go
ing round again and again.
A Jj tattvik, (11 of Jk) Granting one his desire. Ena
bling. Ornamenting with a collar. Compelling.
A.J.;a tattozl, (11 of J})
Lengthening a (horse's) tether.
Extending, prolonging, stretching out. Proroguing, giving a
delay. ck .J.; ~% Abandoming the prolixity of a dis
course. re c Jj To prolong the time.
A "laj tattvilan (p <!-3-3 tutw?lnah), Prolixly.
AA tatahhur, (v of j) Becoming purified. Purification,
cleansing, sanctifying, washing (with water).
AJ tatahhul, (v of J) Becoming corrupted (water).
A * tatahhum, (w of r not in use) Loathing, abhorring.
Aria tat-hir, (11 of j) Purifying. Purification, purgation,
sanctification. Delivering (any one from his enemies). **
c; tat-hir kardan, To purify, sanctify, wash.
A talyb (from ), Being pleasing, agreeable.
Being elegant, handsome. Complacency, agreeableness.
* - tatayyub, (v of ~P) Being embalmed, anointed,
perfumed with aromatics or sweet herbs.
A ** tatayyukh, (v of **) Being befouled, bedaubed.
Aza tatayyur, (w of 2-) Considering as a bad omen.
A 4-A Tutilah, Tudelah, in Spain.
A J* tutaylik, (dim. of Jl- istitlk) A gentle flux.
AJ's tatayyun, (v of c) Being bedaubed with mud.
A -- talyib, (11 of ~") Making beautiful, fragrant,
sweet, soft, delicate. Mitigating, soothing, conciliating. Find
ing good or beautiful. r e ~; .--> To sooth the heart.
A ** tatyakh, (11 of **) Contaminating, defiling.
Ar tayir, (11 of 2%) Causing to fly or move with rapi
dity. Giving a bad interpretation. Prophesying falsely. Ac
*ing one as the author of any thing bad. Impregnating.
A er tatyan, (11 of c) Bedaubing with clay.
A j tazaru, (v1 of ) Displaying skill, acumen.
A "& tazalum, (v1 of **) Injuring one another. Acting
"justly, Complaining of mutual injuries.
-
413 \x5
AA's tazahur, (v1 of 243) Joining back to back. Assisting
one another. Appearing, exhibiting one's self. Resembling.
A tazabzub, (11 of ~4.1% Q) Falling easily.
A tazarru, (v of ) Affecting elegance.
A *** tazarmut, (11 of lack oy Falling (in the mire).
A - A tacrib, (11 of ~}) Being hard (hoof, nail, or claw).
Ajila tasaffur, (v of, l) Being victorious, triumphing.
A yu tasir, (11 of, l) Making one to conquer. Wound
ing with the nails or claws. Shooting forth excrescences resem
bling nails (a plant).
A Jaj taxallul, (v of J calla) Being shaded, in the shade.
A tazallum, (w of *) Injuring, oppressing. Groaning
Exclaiming against oppression. Becoming
dark. re 2* To complain of an injury.
A i tasif, (11 of -) Taking more.
A Jls tasil, (11 of J zalla) Placing in the shade. Hold
ing an umbrella above any person. Bringing up in the shade.
A ** taclim, (11 of all) Exclaiming against oppression with
out reason, pretending to be injured.
a &al. tazmi-at, (11 of J) Rendering extremely thirsty.
Making (a horse) lank and lean.
A J tazanmun, (w ofe zanna) Thinking, suspecting.
A J taxanni (for cla taxannun), Thinking deeply.
Ajia tazahhur, (v of AE) Being protected, supported. Pro
nouncing to a wife a kind of formula when repudiating her J
J 2* 3) alayya anti ka zahr-i ummi, Upon me you are
like the back of my mother.
A r tazhir, (11 of AE) Pronouncing words importing a di
vorce. Throwing behind the back. Despising. Forgetting.
a & ta-yi-at, (11 of 4) Vexing, distressing.
A 8-7 tatt (and & takeat), Languor.
A J takb, (vi of Je) Siding with a party.
A s tatatub, (v1 of --~~) Expostulating with, recrimi
nating, accusing one another.
A t taztie, (pl.ofsa tattae) Idle words; fruitlessdeeds.
A --> tagjib, Wonders. rec- --~~~~ ta&jib-i
dawr-i gardun, The wonders of the revolutions of the world.
A ex; tatdd, (v1 of x~ *adda) Exceeding in number 10,000.
A Jews tazdul, (v1 of Jae) Being equal, parallel. Equality.
A sex tatadi, (vi of 2&c.) Carrying on mutual hostilities.
Going afar off. Catching a disease. Dying one after another.
Aj, takrr, (v1 of Je t'arra) Being waked from a dream,
and tumbling in bed with exclamations or mutterings.
Aj, tattr, An exclaimer, complainer, p_\x, -t- A
wound that cannot be stopped from bleeding.
A t takruj, (v1 of xe) Pretending to be lame.
A Jj tazruz, (v1 of Je) Opposing one another. Doing
alike to each other. Opposition, Disobedience. Resistance.
A j tazru, (v1 of -5,-) Knowing one another. Ac
quaintance. Rule, fashion, custom.
 \x3
Aj takzz, (vi of je t'azza) Rendering powerful.
A. J}* tazzul (v1 of J}=) Retiring from each other.
A j takz, (pl. of &j tatziyat) Consolations.
A -\x tatasat, Ruin, destruction.
AJ-\xi taksur, (v1 of ,-e) Being difficult, perplexed.
A r tatashur, (VI of -c) Associating together.
A J.s taksh, (v1 of 3-c) Feigning blindness or ignorance. Destroying, causing to disappear. Borrowing from one an
A ** tatashib, Different kinds of grasses and plants.
A Je tagzz, (v1 of Lic tazza) Biting one another.
A 2-s tagzud, (v1 of Xic) Helping each other.
A taktu, (v1 of -lac) Having a mutual affection.
Walking with a reeling, staggering gait. -
A. J taedti, (v1 of lac) Taking any thing to eat or drink.
Giving reciprocal presents. Giving the attention to anything.
Endeavouring. Raising one's self on tiptoe. Holding out the
hand. Contending. Mutual surrender.
A Ji tatasul, (v1 of Jac) Adhering (dogs, or locusts).
A * tatasum, (v1 of **) Appearing great, weighty,
important (business). Increasing in size, and being a match for.
Behaving pompously.
A - \xi takff, (v1 of -ie, taffa) Milking (a camel) twice.
A U-3\xi tataus, (v1 of L-ke) Grasping one another.
A .#x tagii, Q1 of 3:2) Keeping one's self pure.
A 3'- tagikub, (v1 of -se) Succeeding one another (as
day and night). Pursuit. J G--> J-W ,-3 takkub-i
akhbr-i wahshat-asar, The successive details of dreadful news.
A 23's, takkud, (v1 of Aic) Forming confederacies.
AA* tagakur, (v1 of, 2) Wounding or killing each other.
A Jixi tagikul, (v1 of Je) Pretending to knowledge. Con
tending for superiority of understanding.
A tazkum, (v1 of **) Succeeding (as day to night).
AA* tagakur, (VI of Ke) Being mixed together (men)
when quarrelling or fighting.
A v tagakus, (v1 of v) Conversion, inversion.
A x, tagakuz, (v1 of A&E) Contending for glory.
A J takl, Be exalted. Ascend! Come! Exaltation.
A J tatall, (v1 of Je talla) Exhausting (a camel) towards
the end of a journey.
A J tatalum, (v1 of lc) Knowing alike, knowing all.
A J taedti, (v1 of J-) Raising, exalting one's self.
pearing conspicuous. Coming, approaching. Elevation. The
third person preterite tatala (which serves also for the optative)
is often joined to the name of God, and explained in an adjec
tive sense ; as J s'A- khud-i taala', The most high God.
A J-s takimus, (v1 of Lc) Feigning ignorance or want
of curiosity. Leaving any one in doubt.
A Jz tazmush, (v1 of Le) Neglecting, slighting.
A J tagnul, (v1 of Je) Dealing, acting together.
A. ev tatami, (v1 of ) Feigning blindness.
A J- taeanush, (v1 of Lc) Rushing upon one another.
.414 . )
A Gwlatnuk, (v1 of G-c) A mutual embracing.
A j tagni, (v1 of -e) Bestowing pains upon.
A cw. Tatnik, Name of a place in Arabia.
A 2,\xi tatwud, (v1 of exc) Running in a tumultuous manner
to the general (an army); resorting to their own people.
A_\xi tatteur, (v1 of 2:2) Doing any thing alternately,
other. Defacing the vestiges of a dwelling (wind).
A J** tatawuz, (v1 of Je) Receiving a substitute.
A t tatwuk, (v1 of ~$e) Fighting among themselves.
A w taedicun, (v1 of eye) Assisting. Conspiring.
A & 2x tatawis, (pl. of x tatrix) Amulets, charms.
A \xi taaahud, (v1 of 942) Confederating, covenanting,
conspiring. Seeking for something lost. Visiting. Doing often.
A s tatahudt, (pl. of *sj) Conspiracies, mutual
compacts, leagues, or agreements.
A tatayub, (v1 of ~c) Upbraiding one another.
A 2'- tatiyur, (VI of re) Reproaching each other.
A -* tazy, (v1 of ayya) Being difficult, hindered, ob.
structed (business). Hesitating, being unequal to.
*A -- taziba, (fut. -->4 yatabu) He was fatigued.
A C-2 takab (from C-x5), Being weary. Trouble. Labour.
Tatab or tasib, Fatigued. Pe -> To be in trouble.
A -- tazabbub, (v of L-c &abba) Being given (to wine).
A *-x tatabbud, (v of Are) Receiving as a servant. Being
pious, devout. Waiting, expecting. Over-fatiguing (a camel).
Being refractory, stubborn (a camel).
A U-x, tazabbus, (v of L-c) Scowling, looking grim.
A --~~~~ tatabaub, (11 of -c Q) Invading the whole.
A U. f tazabkus, (11 of vice Q Joining to the tribe Kays,
A J tazabbi, (v of re) Drawing up an army.
A& ta&bi-at, (11 of re) Arranging (household furniture).
Drawing up (an army), training, exercising (a horse).
a 3- taebiyat, (11 of 3-c.) Arranging (household furniture).
A xi taabid, (11 of Arc) Reducing to slavery. Receiving
as a servant. Making a beaten (path). Delaying, hesitating.
Besmearing with pitch (for the scab).
A rtatir, (11 of, e) Causing to cross a river. Pp"
ing, interpreting (a dream). Relating any thing of another.
Ap Weighing (gold coins) one by one. An explanation, interpre
tation, declaration, narration. Praise, encomium. Attribute,
quality, epithet. P --~~. taebir-i khb, The interpreta
tion of a dream. &.9 , taebir-nmah, A book for teaching
the interpretation of dreams.
P 3.9-3 taebir-g, An interpreter of dreams.
A vx taebis, (11 of U-2) Frowning, knitting the brows.
A.J. taenik, (ii of J.-) slaughtering. Kindling (**)
Following, adhering to.
A -- tastb (from --e), Reprehension, chiding.
A --> tagattub, (v of -ac) Reviling. Being "g
 --

c 415 _*-
A c-ax tagattut, (v of c-e atta) Being inconstant, unper A *** tag.jim, (11 of-) Translating into Persian. Dotting.
severing (in speaking). Pointing with vowels the letters or consonants.
Avaj takattud, (v of c) Excelling (in any art). A &-s tasjih, (11 of &# not in use) Endeavouring by sar
a 3-2 tactae, A stuttering in the pronunciation of the letter casms to promote a quarrel between two men.
c, or -5. Perturbation. False or foolish words; trifling actions. A clax, taedad, Numbering, enumeration. Computation.
A 3xx tattatat, (from *-* q), Stammering, stuttering. A ex} tag addud, (v of Me &adda) Being numerous. Exceed
Sinking in the sand (a horse). Moving, shaking from side to ing (10,000). Being prepared. Plurality, number, variety.
side. Forcing one to do any thing against his will. Dragging. A s tagaddi, (v of 23.2) Passing from one to another.
A & taeattuh, (v of &c.) Being furious, insane, or stupid. Being transitive (a verb). Passing, superseding. Transgress
Feigning ignorance, stupidity, or insanity. ing, being unjust. Being infected with a contagion, and com
A J taxatti, (v of s) Being exorbitant, proud.
municating it one to another. Dying one after another. Cruel
A Q-xi tattib, (II of C-c) Making a threshold. ty, oppression, exorbitancy, excess, violence. rer", **
A xi tattid, (11 of Xic) Adorning. Preparing for. tat addi o isnr kardan, To oppress with tyranny and injustice.
A Gd tattik, (11 of G-2) Making old. Keeping long. A &As tat diyat, (11 of 2.xc) Turning away the face. Causing
A t tattim, (ii of **) Delaying, hesitating. Doing any to pass. The transitive or active signification of a verb.
thing slowly and late. Growing slowly (a plant). Abstaining A ***, tat did, (11 of Ac &adda) Numbering. Causing to be
from any thing to which one had been addicted. Travelling numbered. Collecting together. Making numerous. Dispo
late in the evening. Hovering over a man's head (a bird). sing in order, arranging, preparing (for a future occasion).
Aj, tatassur, (V of Ac) Stammering, hesitating. A c- tattlik, (11 of JAc) Asking for any thing uncertain.
AJ&s tataskul, (11 of Je 9) Having many and intangled A Jx, tagdil, (11 of Jae) Rectifying, adjusting. Making
branches (a palm-tree). - one equal to another. Considering as lawful (witnesses, proofs,
A -l tataslub, (ii of ~~~~ 0) Being lean, in a bad habit. &c.). Equation. P J zy- Ja To rectify the constitution.
A w tatsin, (11 of cc) Perfuming. Mixing and spoiling. A ** taedm, (11 of **) Annihilating, destroying. Dis
* - s tatajub, (v of ~se) Being struck with astonish appointing, depriving. Being wanting, failing.
ment, Affording pleasure. Amazement, surprize, admiration.
A J takdn, (11 of J&c.) Dunging (ground). Striking the
A * tataijuj, (v of * aija) Being full of smoke (a house). ground with a pointed hammer, or pick-axe.
A, s tatijur, (v of, s) Covering one's self. Being wrinkled AJ& tazaszur, (w of Je) Being difficult. Being stained,
(the belly from fatness). besmeared. Being defaced, obliterated. Making an apology.
A 5, s tat.jruf, (11 of -5, s Q) Being troublesome, in
Deserving to be excused. Difficulty.
Portunate, having no sense of shame or reverence. Making haste. A J&J tatazzul, (v of Je) Bearing reprehension.
Ajs tijuz, (V of 55*) Mounting upon, or riding on the A -g tatsib., (11 of ~&c.) Punishing, scourging, tor
rupper (of a camel or a horse). menting. Hindering. Letting fat drip. Punishment, discipline.
A Js tutijul, (v of J) Making haste, taking hastily. A 23-i tatir, (11 of Je) Doing less than a man ought.
A ** takaijulan (p &\s ta&jjulanah), In haste, hastily. Making an apology, advancing a false excuse. Besmearing
** takaijuh, (v of 4 s not in use) Feigning ignorance. with dung. Circumcising. Preparing a circumcision-feast.
Being intricate (business). Being effaced (the vestiges of a house). Beginning to appear
Acts tutjhun, (11 of cs Q) Being a servant, or cook. (down upon a boy's cheek). Setting a peculiar mark on a ca
Wooing a woman until her consent is obtained. mel. Demolishing. Causing an inflammation in the uvula.
A ~s tat fib, (II of Q-s) Filling with astonishment.
A c- taik, (11 of J&c.) Lopping the branches (of a palm).
A *** tagjij, (11 of * aija) Filling with smoke (a house). A J tatil, (11 of J&c.) Blaming, chiding. Reproof.
Ajs t jix, (11 of s) Growing old (a woman). Im A_* tazar, Heat of war or battle.
Potence, weakness, infirmity. P e-s To oppress, to injure, A --> tatarrub, (v of **) Being Arabic, or Arabian.
** to make wretched. To accuse of extreme weakness. Becoming like an Arabian. Talking obscenely.
A is tatjf, (11 of is) Eating not to excess. Abstain A gr tazarruj, (v of re) Having an oblique, scalene, or
ing from eating, though hungry, that another may have plenty. irregular form (a building). Being intent upon. Abiding.
a J-s taajil, (11 of Jse) Making haste. Hastening, ur A_* tatarrur, (v of je t'arra) Being scabby, mangy.
ging, *celerating. Giving in advance, anticipating. Dressing Ajj" tatarrus, (v of jje) Being obdurate, hardened. Being
*quickly. Flattering, cajoling, giving hope. Haste, despatch. difficult, hard, painful (business).
*** tajilan, (rtagilnah), Hastily. A Jj tatarrus, (v of U-,-) Showing love (for a wife).
 --
_*-
A Ls tatarrush, (v of U,) Fixing a residence. Being
addicted to, fond of.
A Jax tatarrus, (v of J2,-) Staying, abiding.
A Jj, tatarruz, (w of Je) Happening, occurring. Being
exposed. Opposing, hindering, withstanding. Daring, resist
416 C-3-
motives. Affirmation, assertion. Explanation, notification, de
finition. P J ix. To instruct. To render agreeable. To
profess, to acknowledge. To assent to. To assert, to verify.
A Jj, taerify, Commendable, notable.
A &A taarik, (11 of Je) Causing one to perspire. Diluting

ing. Being curved, oblique. Walking from side to side in
climbing a mountain (a camel). Perishing. Opposition, ob
stacle, impediment. Oppression, injury, loss. re Jj, tatar
ruz kardan, To oppose, hinder, prevent. To injure, oppress.
A tatarru, (v of -5,-) Notifying, instructing. Doing
any thing conveniently. Inquiring with the view to learn, or
till one learns any thing. Being known, notified. Knowing.
A Ux tatarruk, (v of J2) Picking the flesh from the bone.
A -3A tatarkub, (11 of r Q) Walking through narrow,
(wine) with a little water. Filling (a vessel) not to the brim.
A 3, taarik, (11 of %=) Pinching, wringing hard.
A x tatrim, (i. of re) Mixing, intermingling.
A cy tatrin, (11 of eye) Fixing the point on a spear.
A ;xi tatazzub, (v of ~}=) Being in a state of celibacy,
Ajjaj tatazzuz, (v of je tasza) Being rendered powerful.
Becoming rare or exquisite. Being firm (as flesh). Having a
small orifice to the teat (a camel).
A J tatazzul, (v of JP) Being removed from office, Re

winding places. -

ceding, retiring, revolting. Laying aside.

A x tasarrum, (v of ^+) Picking a bone; barking a tree. A 3 ta&zutcat, A military pass-word, a symbol.

A U-2}^ tazaricush, (11 of Ur Q) Being fond of, addicted A s tatazzi, (v of je) Belonging. Attributing (anything
to. Mounting upon, riding (a horse). to one, whether true or false).
A 5x tatarr, (11 of -5,-) Being naked. A x tatassi, (v of -5-) Being consoled.
A -xi tatrib, (11 of -,-) Pronouncing Arabic agreeably A -ja tab, (11 of c) Desisting long, without pro
to the rules. Conforming a foreign word to the Arabic idiom. ceeding in a thing begun. Being led far off (flocks). Feeding
Making an Arabian bow. Relating words as spoken by another. flocks in the desert and not bringing them home at night.
Speaking indecently. Reproving. Using one opprobriously. A &j tatsiyat, (11 of .552) Consoling. Condoling. Conso.
Giving earnest. Cutting off the broken branch of a palm-tree. lation. A representation of the shrines of Hasan and Husayn.
Inflaming a cow (as a bull). Drinking a quantity of clear water. A military watch-word. By my life! re-'- <-j To lament.
A. &A taariyat, (11 of 2,2) Putting ears to (a purse).
P r -x tatriyat-pursi, Condolence.
A &A tat riyat, (11 of -5,-) Laying bare, exposing.
r & ja taiyat-nmah, A letter of condolence.
A g taarij, (11 of z_*) Being intent upon. Rearing an
A A}< taezr, (11 of je) Chastising, reproving. Teaching
irregular or oblique structure. Staying (with a host, hospitably Loading. Correction, re
politeness. Assisting. Honouring.
entertained). Giving a troop of camels called zy- arj.
proof, reprimand, censure.
A 3. A taarid, (11 of 92) Flying, taking refuge. Ajj tassiz, (11 of je t'azza) Rendering powerful, glorious,
AAA. taerir, (11 of 2 earra) Dunging (land). Devolving victorious, excellent, rare, precious, magnificent. Strengthening,
(business) upon another. Afflicting, vexing. backing. Moistening the earth sufficiently (rain).
A jx tatrix, (11 of 3,c) Hiding, concealing. Corrupting, A Jj, tassil, (11 of J*) Deposing (from office).
destroying. Growing rich or fat by villainy. A *} taim, (11 of je) Reading verses of the Kur'n '
- A Ly taaris, (11 of U-2) Alighting (travellers) in the
ives against enchantments.
evening for refreshment, and then pursuing a journey. & prevent
*A U-x tatasa or tatisa, (fut. U-s yatrasu) He perished.
Jj layla-i taaris, The wedding-night. A U-x, tats, (from U-x) Perishing. Throwing prostrate.
A Ly tatrsh, (ii of Lr) Making a vine-arbour; prop Stumbling, falling. Being laid low. Being removed to a distance.
ping (a vine). Roofing (a house). Proceeding slowly. Raising Perdition. << *-x Perdition catch thee! Tatis, Perishing.
the head when braying (a loaded ass). A 2-x, tatassur, (v of ,-2) Being difficult. Being obscure,
A va. A tatris, (ii of Jer) Drying (meat).
inexplicable (a passage). J-) *', Evidently difficult. -

A Jj (atriz, (11 of Je) Enlarging, extending. Setting
a broad mark upon. Giving a broad hint. Making conspicuous.
Rendering obnoxious. Opposing, exposing. Giving provisions
by way of reward. Being ambiguous in speech. Rendering
intricate. Making writing illegible. Not dressing meat enough.
A j, tatri, (11 of -5,-) Making known, signifying.
Giving information to the owner of any thing lost. Imparting
an agreeable odour. Staying on Mount Araft from religious
A U-x-x, tatasaus, (11 of U-x-e Q) Hunting for, or catching
(game) in the night-time. Smelling out.
A -i-x tatassu, (v of --c) Being exorbitant. Extorting
with violence, seizing unjustly. Iniquity, oppression.
A c-s tag assuk, (v of G-3) Adhering. Being assiduous.
AJ-45 tagsun, (v of e--) Resembling one's father. Search.
ing diligently. -
 * --
Cy^**
Ax~~ tatsir, (11 of J-2) Rendering difficult. Throwing
about her tail in running (a she-camel).
AJ-ajtazil, (11 of J-c) Giving honey. Dressing victuals,
or making sweetmeats with honey.
Aj, Tishr, Name of a place in Arabia.
A C-x, tatashshub, (v of --e) Pasturing on green her-
bage. Becoming fat (camels).
A
A G tatashshuk, (v of G-c) Making or falling in love.
A ** tatashshum, (v of -e) Drying up, withering.
a cx, tatashshun, (v of c-e) Seeking carefully for those
dates which are gathered from the roots of the branches, after
the clusters are cut off.
Ala--as tatashnut, (11 of !---e Q) Continually scolding her
husband (a shrew).
As takashshi, (v of Lt-e) Supping. Pasturing by night.
* J J 2 *** taghaddi o tatashshi kardan, To dine
and sup.
A --> tagshib, (11 of t.c.) Being luxuriant in herbage. A Jlix tattl, (11 of Jae) Letting alone, not meddling with,
A * tagshiyat, (11 of -e) Giving or receiving a supper. neglecting. Causing to be unemployed. Rendering useless,
Dazzling the eyes of birds in the night-time by a blaze of light,
and thereby catching them. Proceeding slowly and gently.
A 2: tagshir, (11 of A-2) Decimating. Dividing into ten.
Receiving tythes. Marking or distinguishing any thing by tens.
Emitting ten snores when braying (an ass). Being already ten
months gone with young (a camel).
A L; tagshish, (11 of Utic &ashsha) Having a slender
trunk and few branches (a palm-tree). Building a nest (a
bird). Becoming dry and mouldy (bread).
A Laxi tatas, A spasm, a cramp, or contraction.
A -as tagassub, (vof C-ac) Binding the head with a fillet.
Being content (with any thing). Being attached to one's kin
dred. Partiality. Bigotry. Obstimacy. Severity, inflexibility.
Arax tatassur, (v of, ac) Being squeezed. Taking refuge.
Ajiaxi tatasfur, (11 of, ae q.) Being dyed saffron-colour (a
garment). Being bent (the neck).
A * tatassum, (w of ra-) Being defended, protected.
A Jax tatassi, (v of ac) Beating off with a stick. Rebelling.
A --~~ tagsib, (ii of C-ac) Taking hold of the branches
of trees, in order to cut them, or pull off the leaves. Binding the
head with a fillet. Appointing one as chief or head of a family.
Clinging with hunger (the belly). Reducing people to misery
(a scarce year). Destroying.
Arax, tatsir, (11 of rae) Pressing (grapes). Arriving at
the age of puberty. Putting forth the ear (corn).
* Ja taksil, (11 of Jac) Delaying.
* Jix, tatzitz, A kind of black date.
* Lix, tatziz, (11 of Lic gazza) Biting the lips in anger.
A.J. ix. taszil, (11 of J.32) Having a difficult painful birth.
*ing confined (a woman, &c.). Being too narrow for its in
habitants (a country). Hindering, straitening, perplexing.
417 ix;
A 4-ix taezih, (11 of &ac) Cutting the thorn slie izh.
A lax, tatattur, (v of, ae) Perfuming one's self. Dwelling
in her father's house (an unmarried girl).
A Jlax takattush, (v of Llac) Feigning thirst. Wishing.
A lax tagattu, (v of -lac) Being indulgent, propitious.
Commiserating. Putting on (a cloak).
A Jax taattul, (w of Jac) Being idle, vacant. Letting alone,
neglecting. Having no bracelets or other ornaments (a woman).
A. Jax, taatti, (v of;lae) Begging a present. Making haste.
A lax taatiyat, (11 oflae) Working for. Bidding to hasten.
Commanding to make haste.
Azax. tattir, (11 of ae) Perfuming, diffusing odours.
Avla- tastis, (11 of L-la-) Causing to sneeze.
A Jlas tattish, (11 of Llae) Keeping long from drink.
Ala-lass tattit, (11 of lac atta) Splitting, cleaving.
A i tasti, (11 of -lac) Bending (wood). Converting
one garment into another. Regarding, favouring.
Taking off her ornaments (a woman). Leaving out every letter
that is marked with a diacritical point. Laying waste. Vacation.
rjj Ja tastil-kr-rz, A holiday.
A laxlax: tatazuz, (11 of axc Q) Wavering, or turning in the
flight (an arrow). Retiring, retreating from battle.
A J tatazzul, (v of Jac) Assembling together (people).
A * tagazlum, (11 of ** Q) Being very dark (the might).
A * tatazzum, (v of **) Carrying one's self haughtily.
Magnificence, grandeur, pride, arrogance.
A -xi tatz7b, (11 of e-la-) Putting off, delaying.
A J, tazzil, (11 of Jae) Flowing from all quarters.
A *** tassim, (11 of **) Making great. Magnifying, ho
nouring. Reverence, respect, honour. Ceremonious and re
spectful treatment. J;-) *** tatzimu'n nitr, Veneration for
the light. *}-T ~ere ** Honours approaching to idolatry.
e *** To honour, magnify. A L *** Self-exaltation.
A "Vxi takziman (P & Vx, tatzimnah), In honour of.
&\: "Vx tasziman lishnihi, From respect to his dignity.
A g tazaffuj, (v of **) Going obliquely.
A,is tataffur, (v of e) Being soiled with dust.
A - tataffu, (v of ~&c &affa) Shewing piety, being
chaste, abstinent from what is forbidden. Drinking milk re
maining in the udder.
A cx taeaffun, (v of Jr) Becoming putrid, rotten,
A Jixi tataffi, (v of xia) Being obliterated, effaced,
A& tag fiyat, (11 of ic) Obliterating, defacing, Amend
ing, adjusting, arranging.
A xy tasir, (11 of e) Rolling in the dust. Sprinkling or
soiling with dust. Rubbing the nipple with a kind of earth to
wean a child. Putting (meat) amongst dust and drying it in the
sun. Making white, marking of a white colour,
3 H
 <<3
A vari taafis, (11 of Lae) Tinging with gall-apples.
A Cx, taffik, (11 of Gc) Repelling (a flock of sheep).
A C-ix tatakkub, (v of ic) Considering the end or ten
dency of any thing. Railing against, or enquiring into a man's
vices. Punishing one for a fault. Doubting and tracing intel
ligence. Learning the happy event of one's good advice.
A Jaj tatakbul, (11 of Jc Q) The same as the preceding. suit. A wheedling, a coaxing.
A & tagakkud, (v of xie) Being tied, bound, connected,
fastened. Being platted together. Being heaped up (as sand).
A & taakkuf, (v of -c) Being curved, crooked.
A Jxj tagakkul, (v of Je) Foreseeing, comprehending, un
derstanding. Giving information. Joining the hands, and in
termixing the fingers. Sitting cross-legged.
A tagakkum, (v of ***) Being driven back. Irresolution.
Opposition. Conversation, correspondence. Digging for a well
till near the water, and then cutting a trench to try its quality.
A -x taekib, (11 of vie) Following, coming behind,
Looking back, waiting, expecting. Leaving behind. Delaying,
procrastinating. Being diligent in searching after any thing.
Having finished one excursion against the enemy, to undertake
another the same year; or setting out upon an expedition and
then returning. Remaining in the mosque after the hour of
prayer is over. Turning yellow, and beginning to dry (the
fruit of the plant ** arfaj).
A x taekid, (11 of Ae) Twisting together, making many
knots. Causing to unite. Boiling a thing till it becomes thick.
A jix taekir, (11 of 2) Wounding desperately.
A -i, tazkf, (11 of -ie) Making crooked or curved.
A.J. is takkil, (11 of Jie) Rendering intelligent. Tying a
camel's leg near to the knee.
A xi taakim, (II of ***) Commanding silence. Rendering
(the womb) unfit for conception.
. A tagakkub, (v of 9- not in use) Being solicitous.
Aj, tatakkuz, (w of Ke) Leaning upon a stick, or crutch.
A v tagakkus, (v of v) Crawling like a viper.
A U.K. tatakkush, (v of Je) Being difficult. Being con
tracted. Being entangled (hair). Contracting the legs (a spider).
A x tagakkuz, (v of**) Being perplexed, difficult. Mak
ing a long journey. Being far off.
A - (< tagakku, (v of (a) Being curled (hair).
A ej tatakkun, (w ofe= obsol.) Being wrinkled (from fat).
A -** taeki, (11 of -- not in use) Smoking (fire).
A& taekiyat, (11 of J) Warping round with a fresh
nerve (the handle of a spear). Being kind (to one's friends).
Ax~ taekir, (11 of Ke) Making dirty, rendering impure,
bedawbing, besmearing, soiling. The leader of a herd of camels.
Aj, tazkz, (11 of Ke) Leaning upon a stick. Directing suspended. Captivating, or being captivated by love. Sending
one's self by any thing. Strengthening the end (of a spear with
a ferrule of iron).
a J taekish, (11 of Je) Becoming imusty (bread).
418 J-5
A 4.35 tackiz, (11 of A(2) Interrupting, diverting from.
Preventing the execution of any business. Enjoining diligently.
A -i.. taeki, (11 of i.e.) Being curled (hair).
A *** tazkim, (11 of **) Becoming fat (a camel). Assist
ing another in binding on his burdens.
A&ls taillat, Whatever diverts the attention from any pur
*
A --!> tatallus, (v of 42) Being suspended. Being ob
scure. Delaying, deferring to enforce the statutes.
A c, tatalluk, (v of Gle) Being suspended to, dependent
upon. Being devoted, wholly given up to. Suspending, putting
off. Attachment, dependance, connexion. Parentage, rela
tionship, friendship. Commerce, correspondence. Property,
possession. A manor, a lordship. A lease in perpetuity. A
small zamindri. A going on ship-board, an embarkation.
A x tatallukat, (pl. of c tatalluk) Dependencies,
connexions, appurtenances, estates, substance. rje.*
tatallukt-i dunyawy, Worldly concerns.
PJes. tagalluk-dr, One holding a dependency.
a & tatallukah, Connexion, relationship. Lordship, pos
session of land. A see, a manor.
P J & tatallukah-dr, The possessor of an estate, the lord
of a manor, a landlord, a feoffee.
A Ji tatallul, (v of Je talla) Being cajoled, Pacified.
Comforting one's self. An excuse, pretext. Refusal, aversion,
repugnance.Je .J. A frivolous, weak excuse. P J J
ey; 9- 2 To show an aversion, make excuses, find difficulties.
A * tatallum, (v of **) Being taught. Learning. Know
ing. Teaching. Study. x 3 ** Teaching and learning.
A & tielimat, A very learned man.
A Ax tatalli, (v of Je) Being high. Ascending by *
grees. Recovering (from child-bed labour, or from sicknes).
A conspicuous appearance.
A taelib, (11 of -**) Signing, marking, making "
impression. Cutting. Scraping, erasing.
A& taaliyat, (11 of3-) Elevating, raising, pulling or hoist
ing up. Placing upon.
av! tattis, (11 of Je) Giving to taste. Increasing: mak
ing greater inroads (a disease).
A Le taelis, (11 of U22) Causing an indigestion.
A x tattit, (11 of |ale) Making a deep transverse mark
upon a (camel's) neck. Taking a chain from off the neck.
a 4x taeli, (11 of Lie) Feeding well (with fodder).
Beginning to put forth its berries (the acacia).
A c- taalik, (11 of Gl) Suspending. Delaying. Being
with any one a camel for carrying provisions. Giving corn to *
horse. The Persian character called talik (properly taglik).
P & 1x, tatikah (or ****), An account, note, inventory.

c 419
A t taglik, (11 of <<!e) Making a proper use of money.
Tanning well (a leathern bottle). Holding fast (money).
A Jls, tattil, (11 of Je talla) Causing one to make an
excuse. Soothing, quieting. Eating, striking, or doing any
other thing, repeatedly. Founding or building upon. Causality.
A pretence. Je), 5- harfu't taelil, A causal particle.
A * taglim, (11 of cle) Teaching, instructing. Erudition,
instruction, tuition. Accuracy in writing.
rju * taalim-bz, A small drum, a tambourin.
* taalim-khnah, A school, a seminary.
P &\s.
P: ** taglim-gar, A teacher, an instructor.
A * tatammuj, (w ofa") Leaning to one side. Writhing,
as a serpent. An obliquity in walking.
A Max, tagammud, (v of ~~~) Giving serious attention to any
thing. Being baptized.
Av tacammus, (v of J.--) Being perplexed, uncertain.
A Jax tas ammuk, (v of cc) Going deep, far into a thing.
Being transported too far in speech. Deepness. Penetration.
AJ< tagammul, (w of Je) Studying, applying to.
A ** takammum, (v of re gamma) Putting on the turban or
tiara. Calling one uncle.
A*, tasmiyat, (11 of Je) Blinding. Making obscure
and enigmatical (a verse or sentence). Blindness. Obscurity.
Pz Jjj dar zabn-i taamiyah, In an enigmatical sense. Passing a gift from hand to hand. Becoming blind.
A s tagmit, (11 of ~~~~) Beating any one. Clewing
(wool) round the hand (when spinning).
A * ta&mid, (11 of ~~~) Propping up. Baptizing.
Aj, tatnir, (11 of Pe) Repairing, restoring, rebuilding.
Making any place habitable, cultivated, and populous. Forti
fying. Giving long life. Praying to God for a long life.
A U-x taemish, (11 of Le) Healing. Neglecting.
A caxi tagmik, (11 of Ge) Making deep, deepening. Pe
netrating deeper, pushing farther.
A J tagmil, (11 of Jaz) Appointing one governor of a
province, or collector of revenue. Giving an employment.
Paying hire for work. Bargaining about any thing.
A *** taamim, (11 of ** gamma) Rendering universal.
Crowning with the turban or tiara. Being set over a nation
(particularly the Arabs). Frothing (milk).
A k-x, tagannut, (v of ~~~~) Falling into misfortune. Ne
glecting one's own affairs to serve another. Seeking the de
Pression or destruction (of an adversary).
A -- tagannu, (v of -4.2) Setting about any thing unskil ments u" S-'A' ,33- A most effectual charm. Pe-T A*,
fully and improperly. Beginning. Retiring, receding. Ab Gemini. J9, e- .** An amulet for the mind and heart.
horring, loathing (meat). Being unsuitable (country).
A Lx, tazanfush, (11 of Lc Q not in use) Being bent,
twisted. Becoming strong, robust, strengthened.
A cw tagannuk, (v of J. &c.) Being difficult to pass (sands).
A Lx, taankush, (11 of Ue o) Being contracted.
-
_>
A s taeanni, (v of ) Fatiguing. Being tired. Re
sisting roughly. Bestowing pains. Fatigue. Affliction. Anxiety.
A --~~3 taenib, (11 of -c.c.) Bearing grapes (a vine).
A 3.x, taeniyat, (11 of 3-2) Taking or detaining a captive.
Smearing a mangy (camel) with a mixture of dung and urine.
A & taeniyat, (11 of Je) Fatiguing. Prefixing a title to.
A c-x taenit, (11 of <=) Leading (a man) into trouble,
forcing (him) into difficulties whence he cannot extricate himself.
A U-23 taenis, (11 of L-c) Remaining, or being detained
long in her parent's house unmarried (a marriageable girl).
A -i- taenif, (11 of -8.5) Incommoding, molesting. Re
proaching harshly. Inconvenience. Reproach.
A c-ff taenik, (11 of G.c) Grasping the neck of another.
Attacking or affronting any one. Excelling or being superior.
Being prominent (hips). Scattering dust (the wind). Swelling
and being almost ripe (dates).
A cx taenin, (11 of Je t'anna) Putting a title or inscription
to a book. Fixing a rein to a bridle. Being impotent (espe
cially declared so judicially).
A ** tazawwuj, (v of g;*) Being bent, crooked, curved.
A ex; tatawwud, (v of exc) Being accustomed, familiar, ha
bituated. Visiting the sick. Usage.
A 3 tazawwuz, (v of &=) Flying (to God).
A_x, tazawieur, (v of J32) Borrowing from one another.
A U43-5 tagawzouz, (11 of Je) Receiving a substitute.
A kx' tazawwut, (v of kye) Not conceiving for several years
(a camel), although not barren. Not conceiving the first year
of carrying burdens (a camel).
A 55 tatawwuf (v of -5,-) Prowling in the night (a lion).
A g tazawwuk, (v of Je) Being averted. Delaying.
A 325 tattviyat, (11 of c) Twisting (a rope). Calling a liar.
Repelling. Reaching one's thirtieth year. Barking, howling.
A -xi tazzis, (11 of ~~) Restraining, keeping back.
A g tattj, (11 of z) Bending. Twisting. Perverting.
A & 2x taticid, (11 of exc) Habituating, training (a dog for
hunting). Introducing or prescribing a custom, manner, or
fashion. Becoming old (a camel). Celebrating a festival. Eating
victuals the second time they are served up.
A &xi tattriz, (11 of &=) Having recourse to the Deity
against evil. Juaz." cr &\!) &x, Flying for refuge to God
from the Devil. Amulets, charms against sorceries or enchant
A 25-5 tattv7r, (11 of J52) Depriving of an eye, render
ing blind. Telling a lie of another. Destroying, filling up (a
well, and stopping its flowing). Averting, carrying off. Being
averted. Refusing. Preventing plenty (of any thing). Dis
appointing, rejecting (a petitioner). Corrupting. Lending.
3 H 2
 Us 420
Doing any thing by turns with another (by way of emulation).
Stamping weights or measures with standard marks.
A La 5x5 tattois, (11 of Uexc) Repeating a poetic verse diffi
cult to be understood.
A Ji tattriz, (11 of Je) Recompensing, rewarding.
Giving or doing in exchange or return.
A Cx, tattvik, (11 of J22) Suspending, delaying. Hinder
ing, preventing, averting, restraining.
A Jx, tattil, (11 of Je) Placing confidence. Inspiring ting his misdeeds before his face. Appropriating, determining
with confidence. Crying, howling. Receiving into a family.
Dissembling, resisting gently. Making a kind of umbrella or
parapluie called )\e &alat.
A ** tattrim, (11 of ^x=) Laying down corn (when reaping)
by handsful. Bearing fruit every second year (a palm-tree).
A c, tazcin, (11 of exc) Reaching the meridian of life.
Becoming a matron, or mistress of a family. Helping.
A & 2x tattrih, (11 of 332) Stopping on a journey, especially
at the beginning of the night (for rest). Being imprisoned.
A * tatahhud, (v of Mec) Preserving, keeping. Minding,
attending to. Seeking for something lost or missing. Making
new. Being renewed. Visiting, frequenting. Repeating fre
quently any act. Promise, agreement. Lease, contract, en
gagement. Rent. re; -- Ax. He promised to surrender.
A "Atx3 tazahhudat, (pl. of 34x, tatahhud) Engagements.
A Q-x, tatayyub, (v of Q-re) Reproaching, accusing, ren
dering infamous, fixing a stigma. Litigating.
A U tatayyush, (v of Utre) Procuring a livelihood by
labour and industry. Rejoicing.
A lars; tatayyut, (v of laze) Emitting watery exsudations (as
wood or stone). Having a long neck. See also x tatawicut.
A ir tatayyu, (v of -ice) Divining, prognosticating.
A Jax takayyul, (v of Je) Walking gracefully.
A cx tatayyun, (v of cre) Rendering visible, bringing to
sight. Influencing (particularly with a malignant eye). Being
conspicuous, manifest. Manifesting. Piercing a skin or leathern
bottle with eyes or holes, and making the contents to flow out.
Contemplating or looking continually at one thing. Receiving
anything after some delay. Establishing, appointing. Visibility.
A cl tatayyunt, (pl. of c, tatayyun) Existences.
A t tazayhur, (ii of Je Q) Committing whoredom.
A tatayyi, (11 of s- ayya) Being difficult.
A -- tagyib, (11 of ~~~~) Fixing a stigma, reproaching.
A t taky?s, (II of G-c) Searching or groping in vain.
A xi tat yid, (11 of Arc) Celebrating a festival.
A r tat yir, (11 of rc) Putting to the blush, reproaching,
reviling, disgracing. Being covered with weeds (water).
A U-23 tag yish, (11 of Je) Supporting, preserving life.
a lar takyit, (ii of ace) Crying out, (either when drunk or
in a tumult, but only once).
\
A st takyft, (11 of 8- not in use) Desisting from any
purpose (men thwarted, or fatigued).
A Cx, tat yik, (11 of Gre obsol.) Vociferating, crying out.
A Ji tat yil, (11 of Je) Taking into a family. Setting (a
horse) loose in a field. Feeding poorly.
A c, tat yin, (11 of cre) Assigning, deputing, ordering,
appointing, establishing, prescribing, specifying. Rendering
conspicuous, describing. Reproaching a man with a fault, set
(the property). Making checkered or Mosaic work. Boring
(pearls). Forming the letter & tyn. Filling with water (a
new leathern bottle) in order to close up the eyes or holes made
by the stitches, and make it leak-proof. Deputation, designa
tion. The daily allowance to ambassadors, &c. out of the treasury.
A -->\ takyinat, (pl. of cr ta yin) Appointments.
A - t tigh tigh, The sound or giggle made by continued
laughter. Tittering.
A c taghabun, (v1 of J-4) Defrauding one another. Ne
glecting. Erring, straying. cl) : The day of judgment.
A J taghabi, (v1 of J) Neglecting, taking no heed.
rj, taghar, A provision-bag hung by a horseman at each
side of his horse. A water-pot, a bucket, a trough, a pail.
F_\ tughr (or J tughl), (in the dialect of Khrzam)
The means of living. Any certain allowance of provisions, or
stipend, upon which a person depends for support.
A_\ taghghr, (A wound) discharging blood copiously,
A y\x. taghghrah, (A she-camel) running with rapidity.
r taghri, A bucket, a water-pot.
A *j tagharid, (pl. of & A taghrid) Warblings.
Ajj tagharis, (pl. of 2 taghris) Shoots, slips, offels.
Aj, taghst, (v1 of j ghazza) Disputing, contending with:
A J5% taghzul, (v1 of J) Soothing each other with blan
dishments and caresses.
A J taghz, (v1 of 3.3%) Neglecting, being careless.
Akjtaghtt, (v1 of la: ghatta) Ducking each other in water.
A vw taghtus, (v1 of U.la:) Being negligent, indifferent
Plunging one another into water.
A U+\xi taghtush, (vi of Ula) Neglecting, not caring
A J taghful, (v1 of J) Feigning negligence. With:
drawing, concealing one's self. Allowing one to take his own
way. Negligence, inadvertency, carelessness. Dissimulation,
fiction. J}=\ J J") at taghulu min akhlki'l
kirmi, Dissimulation is amongst the virtues of the great.
A_\* J taghful-shitar, Careless, negligent.
A -l taghlub, (v) of ) Overcoming one another.
A J taghli, (v1 of 3:) Growing tall (herbage). Losing
flesh, falling away (a camel).
c taghamm, (v1 of ** ghamma)
A. Feigning sorrow.
Aj, taghmuz, (v1 of 34%) Winking to each other.
 - -
_y>
A j taghn, (v1 of Je) Being able to do without one
another, giving up intercourse. Exciting each other to fight
(soldiers) by singing martial songs.
Aj, taghvur, (v1 of J) Making inroads upon one an
other for the sake of plunder.
A 9,35 taghwut, (v1 of k:3) Ducking one another.
A s taghw, (v of .533) Assembling from every quarter,
and joining to destroy others.
A -* taghyub, (v1 of -) Being absent. Withdraw
ing. Slandering the absent.
A &W taghyud, (v1 of re) Being tender, delicate (girl).
AA's taghayur, (v1 of J) Having diversities, inconsisten
cies. Differing from each other.
A xi taghyuz, (v1 of a ) Irritating one another.
A -35 taghb, Deformed. Shameful, base, obscene. Doubt.
Taghab, (from -35) Perishing. Corruption, loss, destruction.
Penury. Barrenness, scarcity, failure. Vice, defect. Filth.
Ay taghabbur, (v of 2.) Milking out the remains of milk
in a camel's udder. Taking a wife of an advanced age. Having
offspring of any woman.
A G taghabbuk, (w of Gr) Milking in the evening.
A -j taghbib, (11 of C-8 ghabba) Being negligent in
business. Averting, prohibiting, beating back.
A & taghbiyat, (11 of 3-4) Hiding, concealing. Clipping
the hair very close, and also plucking it up.
Ayr taghbir, (11 of re) Raising, or soiling with, dust.
r & taglitagh or tughtugh, A small jar in which they put
up oil, honey, and sweetmeats. A large corn-measure, equal to
four ass-loads. A pan-cake, a fritter.
A & taghtaghah, Sound, proceeding from the collision or
fall of bodies; also the sound of laughter. Stammering.
A t taghasghus, (11 of t q) Growing fat by de
grees (camels).
T taghdari, Abustard. -
Ae taghaddun, (v of J) Staggering. Being flexible.
A lw taghaddi, (v of ss) Eating early, dining. Dinner.
A& taghdiyat, (11 of **) Causing to dine.
A * taghdid, (11 of A ghadda) Receiving one's portion.
A & taghazghuz, (11 of E Q) Leaping, leaping upon.
A taghazzum, (v of ***) Carrying one's self haughtily.
Magnificence, pride. Devouring voraciously.
Ar taghazmur, (11 of 2.33 a) Bewailing, vociferating.
* * taghazzi, (v of 233) Being nourished, fed.
A & taghziyat, (11 of 2&#) Maintaining, feeding. Re
straining urine; stopping whilst making water. Spurting out
blood (a vein). Nourishment.
JA, tagharn, (from j) Boiling (a pot).
A
- A --> tagharrub, (v of ~,) Being, becoming, or pretend
"g to be foreign. Travelling to foreign parts. Going westward.
** taghirrat, (ii ofA gharra) Risking one's life.
421 U^*-
P J-t tagharchk or tighirchk, Suitable, proper.
A 9/k; tagharrud, (v of 9,3) Singing, warbling (as a bird).
A_*} tagharrur, (V of J gharra) Being in a dangerous si
tuation, exposing one's self to destruction. Boiling.
A_i,x, tagharghur, (11 of Je Q) Gargling the throat. The
reverberation of words in the throat. The sound produced in
gargling may convey the exact power of the letter & ghayn.
P s toghra' (for ! toghr) The emperor's sign manual.
A -, taghrib, (11 of ~,) Banishing from a place. Car
rying (cattle) a great way to pasture. Going towards the west.
Doing any thing foreign or strange. Travelling.
A&A taghriyat, (11 of 2,3) Anointing, smearing. Gluing.
A c-; taghris, (11 of c,) Starving, allowing to starve.
A xi taghrid, (11 of 9,3) Singing, warbling.
A 2; taghrir, (11 of, gharra) Exposing one's self to dan
ger. Beginning to appear (the fore-teeth). Filling (a bottle).
Preparing to fly (a bird). Deceiving by outward show.
AAA. taghriz, (11 of 3,3) Thrusting the tail into the ground
(as a locust when laying eggs). Being left without milking (a
camel), especially every other milking-time; having her teats
bathed with cold water to prevent the milk from flowing.
A U-23 taghris, (11 of L) Planting (a tree).
A vx, taghrix, (11 of Jr) Exhausting, emptying (a ves
sel). Eating tender, fresh, or young meat.
A G taglirik, (11 of J) Immerging, ducking, drowning.
Suffocating, strangling. Drawing (a bow) with all one's might.
A taghrim, (11 of v) Compelling (one) to pay (espe
cially what he does not owe). Fining, mulcting.
A J taghazzul, (v of JA) Composing erotic poetry.
A &j taghsiyat, (11 of j) Sending or compelling (people)
to go upon an expedition.
A 25% taghzr, (11 of j) Omitting to milk (a camel) every
other time, that the milk may be encreased.
A U.K. taghas, A small cloud.
Aj- taghassur, (v of J-) Being intricate and obscure
(business). Being twisted, entangled (thread). Being rendered
muddy (a pond) by sticks fallen in.
A J-35 taghassul, (v of J-) Washing the body.
A J-35 taghsil, (11 of J-3) Cohabiting much to no purpose.
Ay taghashmur, (11 of 24-3 q) Taking forcibly. Anger.
A G-; taghashshi, (v of J-E) Covering one's self.
A & taghshiyat, (11 of J-4) Covering, veiling, hiding.
A Ut-; taghshish, (11 of L ghashsha) Deceiving, per
suading treacherously. Adulterating. Distracting, stupifying.
A --~i taghazzub, (v of vi) Being provoked to anger.
A ri taghazzur, (v of ri) Declining, receding.
A Li-i taghazzuz, (v of vi ghazza) Being diminished.
A L-d taghazghuz, (11 of L-d Q) Being lessened.
A -&i taghazzuf, (v of ~...ie) Being loose, pendulous,
flagging. Falling in ruins, tumbling in (a well). Being com

J _*
plicated, wrinkled. Being favourable and propitious (fortune).
Twisting, coiling up (as a serpent). Covering (as the night).
A cri taghazzun, (v of cri) Being wrinkled.
A Ji, taghziz, (11 of Li ghazza) Eating any thing fresh
or green. Being fresh, tender, soft, delicate.
A -i-i) taghzf, (11 of --i) Making loose or flabby.
A cri taghzn, (11 of cri) Being enraged. Being wrin
kled. Detaining. Bringing forth an abortion (a camel).
A U-Ak. taghatrus, (11 of Ja Q) Being inflamed with
anger. Walking flauntingly or pompously. Being proud, ty
rannical, unjust. Being avaricious, exorbitant.
A Ja taghatrush, (11 of Jh Q) Pretending to be blind.
A ak taghatruf, (11 of ja Q) Being proud, self-impor
tant. Walking in a pompous manner.
A Lak taghattush, (v of vla) Being dark, obscure (night).
A laklak, taghatghut, (11 of laxa: Q) Raging (as the waves).
A Ja taghatti, (V of Ja) Being covered.
A &ls taghtiyat, (11 of, as) Involving in darkness.
A Clak, taghtish, (11 of Js) Making open, patent (a
road). Contriving a manner of doing any thing.
AJ& taghaffur, (11 of ,<) Collecting certain gummy drops
called 23%. maghir.
A C taghaffuk, (v of 33) Drinking (wine) the whole day.
A J& taghafful, (v of J) Being careless, negligent.
A J taghil, (11 of J) Reproving for negligence. Mak
ing stupid, careless, negligent. Trusting to another and neglect
ing one's own affairs. Covering, veiling.
P J tughil, A squint, an oblique look (of a goat or sheep).
~~ Taghlib, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A
A. taghallub, (v of 44) Subjugating, taking possession
(of a city). Power, superiority, predominance. Tyranny, op
pression. ,--9) Superiors, lords and masters.
A J taghlibiy, Of, or belonging to, the tribe of Taghlib.
A G-l taghallut, (v of 43) Receiving with indifference.
A *
taghalluj, (v of **)
Being unjust, iniquituous. Roll
ing the tongue from side to side in drinking (an ass).
A v taghallus, Evil, misfortune.
A Jl taghalghul, (ii of Jo) Flowing amid trees (water).
A -l taghallu, (v of i) Perfuming with civet.
A Jk; taghallul, (v of J ghalla) Perfuming the beard and
mustaches with Je ghaliyat or civet.
a * Taghlam, Name of a place.
a evl Taghlumn, Name of a place.
A. J taghalli, (v of J) Perfuming with &\sghliyat.
A ** taghlib, (11 of 43) Rendering superior.
A 3.x, taghliyat, (ii of34) Making, causing to boil.
Av taghlis, (II of vl not in use) Travelling by night.
Coming to a watering place, towards the end of the night. word waghawshu, Help! help!
422
a 3R.)
- -
Ala taghlit, (11 of **) Causing to err. Accusing of an
error, reprehending. Scolding.
Aki taghliz, (11 of Ale) Exaggerating, aggravating,
Thickening. Treating (one) inhumanly by words or actions,
A x, taghli, (11 of ) Perfuming (the beard and
mustaches) with civet. Covering with a sheath.
A cx, taghlik, (11 of G) Shutting, slamming the door.
A Jk; taghlil, (11 of J ghalla) Perfuming with civet.
A Jv taghmz, (11 of t) Winking.
A \ taghammud, (v of 34.3) (God) covering with mercy:
saving (a sinner). Covering, overspreading,
A z taghammur, (v of >3) Tinging the face with saffron or
other liniment. Advancing to close combat. Joining hands.
Drinking out of a small cup called 2. ghumar. Drinking little
(a camel), barely sufficient to quench his thirst. Cropping a
sort of grass called z ghamir (a sheep).
A *** taghamgham, The shouting of conquerors. The
roaring of an affrighted bull. An obscure unintelligible speech.
P & taghmah, A badge of honour. A mark which artists
put on their productions. The device upon a shield or medal.
A ***, taghmid, (11 of x^3) Hiding, keeping (one's secret).
Aj, taghmir, (11 of 23) Tinging (the face) with the
yellow liniment 3,43 ghumrah. Advancing to close combat.
Joining or shaking hands.
A Lk, taghmis, (11 of U-3) Drinking little and seldom.
Causing to dive, plunge, or sink.
A C*-** taghmz, (11 of Li) Half shutting the eyes.
Conniving at any thing. Abating the price of an article, allow
ing a discount. Speaking unintelligibly.
A ** taghanmuj, (v of **) Darting amorous glances; walk.
ing with a graceful step; employing alluring airs (a woman).
A ** taghanmum, (v of ***) Considering as plunder.
A J* taghanni, (v of J-3) Singing. Cooing like turtles.
Celebrating (a lady) in verse. Being contented.
A & taghniyat, (11 of us) Singing.
A c-ff taghnim, (ii of **) Giving away money wmaly
A z taghawwuj, (v of **) Being doubled. Entering
Going out, and re-entering.
AJ tughur, (from Aj) Flowing. Boiling (a pot).
Aj, taghawwur, (v of 93) Retiring to a cavern or g"
Going into any low-lying country called Jghawr,
Aki taghawwut, (v of 933) Being sunk deep (a well).
Being swallowed completely down (a mouthful). Easing na"
A Ji taghawwul, (v of J) Being variously coloured. As
suming different shapes.
A ex; taghawwun, (v of ex: not in use) Pursuing ane"
A **, taghwiyat, (11 of ;3) Seducing, leading astray.
Cheating, changing, deceiving. Making (milk) thick.
A -xi taghw is, (11 of -5.) Calling for assistance by the
 \ 423
A 2x taghwir, (11 of J.5%) Putting to flight. Travelling at
noon-day, or alighting and reposing at that time. Coming into
: a low-lying country. Flowing from higher grounds (water).
Reaching the end of Sinking below the horizon (the sun).
Aky, taghw it, (II of k:) Digging deep (a well). Swal
lowing well (mouthsful of meat).
Au tigha', A loud burst of laughter. (from Lki) Bursting
into a loud laugh, tittering (a girl). Perishing (a man).
A -j taghayyub, (v of -) Being absent.
A & taghiyat, (11 of Lghayya) Planting (a standard).
Aj, taghayyur, (v of 23) Being changed, altered, disturbed.
Being ameliorated, improved. Dismissal from office. A change. ther. Avoiding, shunning.
A <! taghayyurt, (pl. of 235 taghayyur) Alterations.
A view taghayyuz, (v of vir) Drying up.
Aki taghayyuz, (v of 3:4) Furiously raging. Anger.
A -j taghayyu, (v of -ize) Nodding, waving from side tending, striving to get before. Existing, happening, or taking
to side (branches). Inclining to one side (a horse).
A C taghayyuk, (v of G) Being dark and dim (the eye).
A Ji taghayyul, (v of J-3) Being thick, entangled (trees).
*** taghayyum, (v of **) Being overcast (the sky).
A -j taghyib, (11 of -) Causing to be absent, remov
ing. Concealing (in a tomb, burying).
Arxi taghyir, (11 of AE) Altering, making a change (either
for the better or the worse). Arranging (their) baggage more
commodiously (travellers). Dismissing from office. Provoking
to jealousy. P Jz y To change one's mind.
A Li taghyzz, (11 of L) Diminishing, Restraining
(tears). Haunting a forest (a lion).
A Hk taghyiz, (11 of 4:3) Enraging, putting in a fury.
A i taghy?f, (11 of L-) Being pusillanimous, cowardly.
A ck taghyik, (11 of G-3) Being confused, distracted; in
constant, irresolute. Squandering, dissipating (one's property).
A J taghyil, (11 of J.3) (A woman) suckling a child whilst
pregnant, or cohabiting with a man.
A -*taghyim, (11 of **) Being clouded (the sky).
r ta, Flame, heat, warmth. Brightness, effulgence.
Vapour, exhalation. Spittle. Foam. Corruption, rottenness.
Hard. J A & taf bar awardan, To foam. Tuf, Spittle.
A nail. A breathing. Execrations.
A -i tuff, Nail-parings. *@3 tuffan, Fie! for shame!
A\| tafa, (from C) Being enraged, flying in a passion.
A t taftuh, (v1 of 23) Holding private conversation.
A - tafti, (pl. of s tatf) Idle, sauntering fel
lows, who pick up and retail the sayings of women.
A J taft, (v1 of 3-3) Appearing a youth, though yet a
boy. Being noble, generous, liberal. Appealing to a man learned
in the law to determine any point.
A z taajj, (v1 ofnija) Straddling in walking.
A Wr's taaji, (v1 of 55*) Being distant (time or space).
U.5
A c tuffh, c c (The earth-apple) the
An apple.
camomile or anthemis. s t (The Armenian apple) the
apricot. r' zz The medlar. es c (The genii or de
mon's apple) the mandrake. J-y zz (The Persian apple)
the peach. P l. z (The moon-apple) the orange, or lemon.
A 3-13 tuffhat, A single apple. The head of the thigh-bone.
A L-l tafhush, (v1 of Js) Abusing one another with
filthy words. Speaking obscenely. Being shameful (a deed).
AJ&\ tafkhur, (v1 of 3) Boasting among themselves.
A els tafa-ud, (v of ets) Being inflamed, burnt.
A -se tafadi, (v1 of s-A5) Rescuing or ransoming one ano
Aj, tafrr, (v1 of, farra) Flying from each other.
A Je taarus, (v1 of Je;3) Doing any thing by turns.
Aky tafirut, (v1 of |2,3) Preceding, getting the start, con
place late. Being overtaken by sudden and heavy afflictions.
AJ taarik or taaruk, Rarities, curiosities, presents.
A Jy taaruk, (v1 of J,3) Division.
A ty tafarij, (pl. of & tifrajat) Openings, interstices.
cy tafrik, (pl. of, ft tarik) Intervals, distinct parts.
A
J bit tafrik, In parts, in divisions. By instalments.
A ** tafasuh, (v1 of 2-) Extending, enlarging, making
room (as people at a public assembly).
A 2-\ tafasud, (v1 of ~3) Violating friendship. Being alie
nated, refractory, rebellious.
A J- tafs, (vi of 5-3) Preparing to break wind.
AA- taasir, (pl. of z- tafsir) Commentaries.
A 8-s tafashugh, (v1 of 33) Being manifest, numerous.
A * tafasuh, (v1 of 2-) Displaying eloquence, or pom
pousness of diction. Being rhetorically affected.
A Je's tafsl, (pl. of Jak, tafsl) Divisions into sections,
distinct discourses. Laas,Je's Sections of histories.
A J.<\ tafzul, (v1 of J-3) Contending for, or pretending
to, pre-excellence. Pre-eminence. -
P &\; taagh, The skull. Tafgh or tiagh, A cup.
A a's tafkuh, (v1 of *) Joining backs.
A s tafkud, (v1 of 23) Missing each other. Seeking for
one another in vain.
A v tafkus, (v) of U-53) Pulling each other by the hair.
A tafakum, (v1 of ) Being important (an affair).
A J tufal, Spittle, saliva. Foam, froth.
A J tafa-ul, (v of J obsolete) Taking a good omen from
a name or other circumstance.
A * tafa-ulan, Prognosticating well.
A
" ...
g tafaluj, (v1 of *) Pretending to be paralytic.
- ? - -
A J tafal, (v1 of J%) Lousing each other.
A J tiffan, A seasonable time. &\s Opportunely.
 Q-9 42
4 t
A j tafn, (vi of U-5) Destroying each other (in war). ducing or infatuating (a man). Burning, scorching. Trying,
A c,\; tafwut, (v1 of <-53) Difference, distinction, separa proving (gold by fire, or man by temptations).
tion, disparity, discrepancy, contradiction. Distance. Absence. A --& tafs (from *-ij), Purifying, before performing the
A Jl taawuz, (vi of J53) Being reciprocally the equal, sacred ceremony at Mecca, of throwing stones at the devil or
peer, associate, or helper, of each other. Consulting together. Mina (when the devotee cuts off his hair, shaves his beard and
A * tafyud, (v1 of 3:3) Availing, helping one another. the rest of his body, pares his nails, and cleanses himself from all
A # tafyi, (-j KAM.) Bils of straw, or hairs. Trifles. filth). Sacrificing a camel. Tafas, Filth, dirt in the head.
A & tuffat, A disregarded woman. The siyh-gosh, an ani Tais, Having neglected hair, or a squalid beard.
mal of the lynx-kind, having the ears tipped with long black hair. A, s tafajur, (v of As) Being set a flowing, bursting out
* t taff, Warm, hot. Melting, dissolving. Spinning a and running rapidly (water). Sending forth its first glimmering
web (a spider). Running. Swift, acute, clever. Heat, warmth. (the dawn). Being diffusive (in munificence). Suppuration.
Rage. A rope's end. A tottering gait. Name of a medicinal A J-s taajus, (v of J-s) Being lofty, haughty, proud.
herb ; also of an intoxicating root. Name of a place in Persia. A t-s taaijut, (v of t) Being afflicted, showing marks
A tat, An idle sauntering fellow (who picks up and of grief. Condoling, lamenting the fate of another.
A & s tajiyat, (11 of s) Uncovering. Displacing.
retails the sayings of women).
A c--: tafattut, (v of ~3 fatta) Being broken to pieces. A ** taff.j, (11 of * uija) Making raw. Straddling.
A c tafattuh, (v of **) Being opened, unlocked. Ajs taffir, (11 of J) Causing to burst forth, setting a
Aj, tatar (for 239 daftar), A book, a journal. flowing, permitting to run or diffuse itself (water). Distinguish
A L tafattush, (v of U-3) Investigating, enquiring into. ing, separating with the fingers. Driving away (a dog). Dis
A C taattuk, (v of G-3) Being split, broken, cleft, unsewed. covering to be a 2-9 Jajir, i.e. a scoundrel, liar, adulterer.
A J tafattul, (v of J-3) Being twisted (a rope). Doing any thing early in the morning. Bringing great wealth.
A ss taj (11 ofts) Giving pain. Afflicting, distress
re tatan, To burn. To kindle. To twist.
P & tatah, Hot. Melted. Twisted. Displeased. Weighed ing, vexing (especially on account of a loss).
down. Quick-lime. A spider's web. Name of a poisonous root. A.J. s tai, (ii of J) Making broad. Exposing, ren
r_<- & tatah-jigar, Hectic. Inflamed with love. dering conspicuous.
p J. & tatah-dil, Afflicted at heart, desponding. A * tafahhuj, (v of *) Sitting with the legs open.
A U-35 tafatti, (v of 5-3) Appearing to be a young man though A J-s tafahhus, (v of U-s) Walking pompously.
yet a boy. Being noble, liberal, generous. A U-s tafahhush, (v of U*) Speaking obscenely.
A & tatiyat, (11 of J-3) Being considered as a grown girl, A Jas tafahhus, (v of Jas) Enquiring diligently, demand
and kept confined at home, not being allowed to romp with boys. ing information. Investigation, disquisition, search.
A c-ff taft, (11 of c-3 fatta) Breaking, crumbling. A Je tafahhul, (v of J) Living well (in meat, drink, and
A *** tatih, (11 of **) Opening wide, unbarring. clothing). Looking like a stallion.
pe tatidan, To wax hot. A 3-s tahiyat, (II of s not in use) Meaning, having a ten
A rstafir, (11 of 23) Rendering weak or relaxed. Averting dency towards, pointing to any thing (a speech). Seasoning
(punishment from another). Remaining immoveable (a cloud) properly (a pot) with herbs and spiceries.
and threatening rain. Breakfasting. A *** tah.j, (11 of *) Sitting with the feet apart.
A. *** tafhim, (11 of #) Silencing (in conversation or atlaw).
rso; c. 35 tat-yazdi, Name of a street in the city of Yazd.
A sort of medicine.
Making the face black. Letting the first shades of night pass.
A U tatish, (11 of U-3) Investigating, examining. En A c-s tafakhkhut, (v of -**) Being struck with ast
quiry, examination. re L: To examine, investigate. nishment. Walking like the c-s-\} fkhit or turtle-dove.
Af J tatishi, Investigation, research. An inquisitor, a A \s taakhkhuz, (v of &#) Delaying, procrastinating.
commissary, an investigator, examiner. A A* taakhkhur, (v ofA}) Being proud, boasting, thin"
A G-# tatik, (11 of c5-3) Splitting, breaking, bursting (any ing vainly of one's self. Pride, arrogance.
thing sewed). Opening, loosing. Ajk tafakhkhuz, (w of j) Being proud; pride, haughi.
P << tatik, Goats' hair resembling silk, and often more A 3-k takhiz, (11 of &#) Separating (men) and distri

valuable (of which shls are made). Flax, worsted. Steam. buting (them) into families. Calling them by their families.
A t tatik, (11 of <) Carding cotton. a z takhir, (11 of, s) Excelling another in glory. Pro
A U.K. tatil, (11 of J-3) Twisting (a rope). claiming any one glorious and happy.
A *** takhim, (11 of **) Magnifying, honouring. Pr
a g tatin, (ii of ex}) Exciting sedition, raising tumults,
promoting mischief. Bringing into trouble. (A woman) se- | nouncing (a letter) full or open. Being proud, haughty.
 - -
_*
p s tafdah, Coriander-seed.
a & tailiyat, (11 of s) Saying to another c -e-Is
jutiltu fidika, For you I devote my head.
A & As tafdid, (11 of 35 fadda) Walking proudly. Calling
out, speaking loud (people buying and selling).
Aj, tafdir, (11 of J-3) Becoming languid (a stallion).
As tafd78, (11 of **) Distorting the joint of the hand.
A e tafik, (11 of cs) Carding or separating cotton.
r && ta-deg (for &Q.-i ta-i deg) The steam of apot.
a t tafdm, (II of **) Covering (the mouth).
A c, tafdin, (11 of JAS) Fattening (camels). Extending
a great way (a building).
a t taazzuh, (w of t) Preparing to stale (a camel).
AJ& tafazzuz, (v of 33 fazza) Being alone, singular. Choos
ing anything. Claiming as one's own exclusive right.
Ajj tair (or e); tafrn), Dirty-looking (man).
A J tifrak, Separation, division, dispersion. -
A 5, tarat, tirat, or tairat, The small furrow from the
nose to the upper lip. Tafirat, Whatever begins to sprout or
bud. Produce of a tree. Grass which cattle cannot crop from
its shortness. A species of plant.
A s tafarrus, (v of <2,3) Being dispersed, separated.
Fainting, to which pregnant women are subject.
A tafarruj, (v of z_*) Enjoying heart-ease.
freed from anxiety. Enjoying social intercourse. Walking,
viewing, contemplating, beholding. Relaxation. Amusement.
re J- J To take a walk for recreation.
Aki tir, Weak, languid. Pusillanimous.
3-ys tifrajat (3-); tifrajat or \ tifrija), An opening
A
in a garment. Interstices (between the fingers, or net-work).
p *zy; taarruj-gh, A delightful place for recreation (as
a garden, a meadow, or a theatre). -
P taarchgh, Finished, prepared, arranged.
a t taarruh, (v of cA) Leisure, ease, refreshment.
A 9, taarrud, (v of 9:3) Being singular, incomparable.
Choosing or using one thing only. Being obstinate, tenacious of
an opinion. Singularity, separation (from the rest of the world).
Ajjj tufarruz, (v of 3,5) Being chosen, selected.
A {j}* tafarzuf, (11 of & j} Q) Being divided into handsful
(wheat in the stalk).
A Ly; taarrus, (v of U2,3) Judging from physiognomy.
Looking steadily at. Wishing to be thought a good horseman.
Intelligence, understanding.
A L taarrush, (v of Ujj) Hovering with expanded wings
and remaining in the same place (a bird in the air).
A *; tafarshuh, (11 of *; Q) Straddling to be milked.
Ab taarrut, (v of b) Preceding, excelling others.
A taarrut, (v of &A) Being propagated, multiplied
(branches). Marrying the chief woman of a tribe.
425 _
A ce; tafarun, (11 of eye; Q Resembling Pharaoh in pride.
A & r taarrugh, (v of &A) Being vacant, at leisure. Giving
one's whole attention to any thing. Spilling (water, or blood).
Smelting (ore). Lavishing (praises upon).
P & Tafraghah or Tafrighah, Name of a city in China.
A J tafarruk, (v of JA) Being distinguished, separated,
divided, scattered, terrified, routed. Discrimination, separation.
A&#, tafrikat, Division, separation. Interval. Divorce. P *;
e-9, 2 3i, axmina-i tafrikah o parishn, Times of division
and dispersion.
A 85; taarkue, (11 of 85; Q) Smacking with the fingers.
A tafarruk, (v of %) Trembling, stumbling (in
walking). Blundering (in speech).
A c, tafarnuk, (11 of c, Q not in use) Being spoiled.
A J tufruk, The stalk of a date or grape.
A -s, , tafarr, (v of 5,3) Being split, divided, cut. Flow
ing (as water through fissures of rock or earth).
A -- tafrb, (11 of ~3 not in use) Laving, bathing with
aspasia (a woman).
A &A, tariyat, (11 of 2,3) Lining (a garment) with skins.
A -g, taris, (11 of ~3) Loosening, letting out the bowels.
Falling in pieces (the liver). Striking (the liver) of an animal.
A t tarj, (11 of g) Relaxing the mind. Banishing grief.
Being
Cleaving, splitting. Dividing asunder. Taking flight.
A. c tafrih, (11 of c) Exhilarating, rejoicing. Recrea
tion, amusement. s t tafrih-i tabe, Ease of mind, cheer
fulness, hilarity. P Je ~3 z tafrih-i kulub ddan, To
give joy to the heart, to delight, to relax the mind.
A t tarikh, (ii of t Hatching (birds). Shooting forth
branches (a plant). Being pusillanimous. Surmounting fear.
Coming out of the egg (a young bird).
A s tarid, (11 of 9,3) Retiring, leading a solitary life (on
account of devotion). Being singular, incomparable (in virtue,
knowledge, and the like). Rendering single.
Pe taridan, To fry. To be fried. To dry.
Ajjj tariz, (11 of 5,3) Prescribing a mode to any one. Sub
traction in arithmetic.
A U-2; tafris, (11 of U-53) Breaking. Tearing in pieces.
A Ly; tafrish, (11 of U,) Spreading (a carpetor the like),
laying down anything as a stratum. Paving (a house with stones).
Extending branches along the surface of the ground (a plant).
A Lift tarz, (11 of U,) Cutting (in notches, boring holes).
Ordering any thing to be observed (as an article of religion).
A tafrit, (11 of 9,3) Acting carelessly, failing in the per
formance of any duty, forgetting, relinquishing, losing an oppor
tunity. Leaving behind. Preceding. Surpassing. Pre-occu
pying. Averting, warding off evil (God). Ruining. Praising
beyond bounds, exaggerating.
a t tarit, (ii of 3) Producing branches. Being pro
3 I
 C-
duced, generated. Climbing a mountain. Descending. Sacri
ficing the firstlings of sheep or camels, called &A farat (as
practised by the pagan Arabians).
A 859 tafrigh, (11 of &A) Evacuating, emptying a vessel.
Giving a vacation, causing a cessation from work or study.
Pouring forth, causing to gush out.
A Gj tafrik, (11 of J) Separating, discriminating. Scat ing (a woman). Having many children, Laxness. Slowness,
tering, squandering. Intimidating. Division, distinction. Dis
tribution, partition, participation. Jealousy, suspicion, diffidence,
misunderstanding. Schism. Subtraction. Department.
A "*, tafrikan, (p &\,: tafrknah) Separately.
A. d. tafrik, (11 of 5.3) Causing to rub with the hands.
A 4,53 tafrih, (11 of 3,3) Bearing a lively colt (a camel).
Ajjj tafazzur, (v of j}) Being split, burst; falling to pieces
from age (as a garment).
A {j tafazzut, (v of & 3) Being terrified.
A sj ta:78, (11 of {j}) Striking with terror. Being deli
wered from fear or apprehension.
rv tafs, (s HUTH) Heat, warmth.
A 2- tafassuh, (w of 2-)
Being ample, capacious (place).
Making plenty of room for any one in a public assembly. Occu
pying a roomy seat.
a 2- tafassukh, (v of a-) Being dissolved, broken, de
stroyed. Being over-boiled (meat). Falling under a load (a
young camel). Dropping off (hair from a dead body).
A r- tafsirat, The urine of a sick person; or rather, the in
spection of it. A symptom. A medical prescription.
A 3s tafassu-a, (v of 3) Being rent (a garment). Being
spread, propagated (an epidemical disease).
P &.j tafsah, or tusah, A mole on the face. Grief, uneasiness.
An inclination. A longing (as in pregnant women).
c \-j tafsiy, (G)alia) The deadly carrot, thapsia.
A A-. tafsy-a, A wide rent.
A - tafsi-at, (11 of ") Tearing by over-stretching.
A *-*. tafsih, (11 of 2-) Opening, amplifying.
A 3-5 tasid, (11 of 3-3) Destroying, overthrowing, Get
ting fat by villainy (a wolf or a scoundrel).
re-k tasidan, Warming, or to warm before the fire;
basking, or to bask in the sun. To burn, to sear. Becoming
greatly agitated. Having the lips chapped from heat.
p s-; tafsidah, Burned, warmed. Dried.
P c 3.x-ff tafsidah-labn, Having dry chapped lips.
Ay is tafsir, (II of r-3) Explaining, expounding. Explana
tion, commentary, paraphrase; an interpretation of the Kurn.
P e- ilac To explain by synonymous words.
p :-, tafsirah, The urine of a sick person.
P 4- tafslah, A kind of rich silken stuff.
P J tafsh, Reproach. Tafish, Heat. Foam. Spittle.
A g tafashshuj, (v of g) (Sitting) with the legs wide
asunder. Opening the legs (when making water).
426 c
P f tafshirah (or s tafshirah), March-pane. A kind
of dish prepared with various roots, herbs, and honey.
A 8--: tafashshugh, (v of 83) Being scattered (grey hairs
on the head). Being diffused over the body (blood). Entering
amongst the houses and hiding one's self. Putting on one's best
clothes. Clinging to a tree (bind-weed). Overcoming. Forc.
A J, tafashshul, (v of J. 3) Flowing (waters).
P & tafshilah, A dish of meat, eggs, carrots, and honey,
r & tafshah (or Jj tafshal), A reproach, a curse.
rus-3 tafshi, A pot or pan. A lentil.
A J-stafushshi, (v of 3-3) Being propagated (as a conta
gion). Being large, open (interval). -
A ** tafshij, (11 of **) Standing with the legs apart.
A ** tafshikh, A looseness, a relaxation in the joints.
A t-s tafshigh, (11 of 83) Overcoming, conquering.
A * tafassuh, (v of *) Displaying eloquence.
A Q-a tafussud, (v of A-3) Flowing.
A La- tafasus, (11 of U2; as Q) Assembling, being met.
A. res tafassum, (v of ~s) Being broken, bruised.
A Castafass, (v of Uga}) Being separated. Being liberated.
A&as tasiyat, (11 of J-3) Liberating. Separating,
A &ra: tafsd, (11 of **) Dividing, trenching. Macerating,
dissolving with a small quantity of water.
A Lara tasis, (11 of La fassa) Opening wide the eyes.
A t-a tafsie, (11 of 8-as) Drawing, or leading out. Squee"
ing juice (from dates). Rubbing bark or husks. Taking of
and laying down a turban or tiara.
A Ja tafsil, (11 of J-a;) Separating or distinguishing one
thing from another. Dissecting (a sheep), dividing any thing
into parts. Making distinct, clear, evident. Paraphrasing, ex
plaining diffusively, or distinctly. Placing between pears, on
bracelets, &c, a pearl of a particular kind, or a jewel of another
species. Separation. Distinction, division (into chapters).
Analysis, detail. Dissection. Statistics. Prolixity in discour*
A **a tasilan or J-as-J) J- galat tasil (r *}<s
tafslnah), Distinctly, at full length, clearly explained.
A * tafazzuj, (v of **) Having the roots of the hair w
(with sweat). Being covered with fat (abody). Being extended.
A * tafazzuh, (v of *) Being exposed, disgraced.
A U43; tafazuz, (v of U23 fazza) Being torn, burst "P"
broken (the seal of a letter). Being scattered (people).
A Jik, tafazzul, (v of J-33) Excelling, being eminent. De
serving well of any one. Conferring a favour. Being arrogant,
presuming, self-important. Wearing the same garments */ *
day (especially when at work or at home). Skill, art (*
cially of curing horses). Kindness. 's
A ** tafsih, (11 of * ) Disgracing, shaming.
 & 427
A Li-i, tafsz, (11 of Jfazza) Covering or ornamenting
by inlaying with silver.
AJ-3; tazil, (11 of J-3) Preferring, exalting. Making
pre-eminent. Staining, soiling (an every-day garment). Pre
ference, Jr.is -- A comparative or superlative noun.
Aja tafattur, (w of Ala#) Being split, divided.
A Jas tafattun, (w of ejas) Understanding, considering.
a gas tatih, (11 of *) Making broad. Hewing, chip
ping, or smoothing (wood).
Ara tatir, (11 of a;) Causing to breakfast in the evening.
A s tatin, (11 of ej) Making one to understand, to look
at, or to consider (any thing).
Atlas tafazzut, (v of **) Being disagreeable, shameful.
A tafatti, (w of s) Being viperous, malicious.
A * tafaghghum, (v of **) Expanding (as a flower).
A ** taghim, (11 of **) Kissing.
A & tufafah, A worm that eats leather.
** tafakkuh, (v ofe)
Expanding, being blown (a rose).
Preparing to perpetrate (mischief).
A & tafakkud, (v of A) Being deprived of. Missing.
Searching for any thing lost, seeking for in vain. Enquiring di
ligently, wishing to know. Inspecting (a wound). Kindness.
re J-,&taakkud-ihl kardan, To enquire after health.
A is tuakkur, (v of 3) Digging a ditch (for palms).
A U-i tafukkus, (v of U-83) Being overturned, falling upon.
A tafakku-a, (v of "3) Being divided, separated from.
A & tafukkuh, (v of 43) Studying divine subjects. Being
skilled injurisprudence.
A & taki-at, (11 of 3) Tearing out the eye. Bursting
by squeezing (an imposthume).
A& takih, (11 of c) First opening the eyes (a whelp).
Aj tofkir, (11 of , 3) Rendering poor. Levelling high
ground (in order to plant trees). Digging a furrow for planting
palm-trees, or a ditch round those recently set. Piercing beads.
A s takit, (11 of 853) Striking on the palm of the hand,
making a snapping noise with the middle finger and the thumb.
A & takih, (11 of 4:3) Teaching, instructing in, the law.
* < tuak, A tube for shooting clay-balls through, by the
force of the breath. A musket.
AA& tafakkur, (v ofA3) Thinking, reflecting, meditating,
considering. Anxiety. reLs tafukkur kardan, To consider.
A t tafukkuk, (v of t fukka) Being disjoined, dis
solved, separated, broke open. Being debilitated by insanity.
A& tafakkun, (v of e.9) Being penitent. Wondering.
Penitence. Meditation. Vexation from losing hope of victory.
A & tafakkuh, (v of & G) Admiring. Being penitent. En
joying. The use and enjoyment of (any thing).
Ay takir, (ii of 3) Considering, or causing to reflect.
A&takik, (ii of 2.3 ukka) Disjoining. Futility.
_
*A J tafala, (fut. J yatulu or yatlu) He spat.
AJ& tat (tu or J tufl), Spittle, saliva. Froth, foam.
Tail, Smelling disagreeably, stinking-breathed. Tuffal, (fem.
&lk tuffalat) A fox. A fox's cub.
A c- taullut, (v of ~43) Being liberated. Escaping.
Desiring, having a propensity. Leaping or rushing upon.
A * tafalluj, (v of g") Being cracked, chapped (the feet).
A s taallus, (v of s) Being cut, split, cleft.
A Jl taulful, (11 of J 9) Bearing a resemblance to
pepper. Being black (a teat). Walking with a starched air.
Cleaning the teeth with a kind of wood. -
Acs taalluk, (v of cs) Being split, cut, cloven.
A K's taalluk, (v of 43) Being round, orbicular.
A J tafallul, (v of J falla) Being broken, blunted, or
notched, in the edge or point (a sword or spear).
A t taiyat, (11 of J) Lousing the head.
A * taizj, (11 of *) Dividing. Imposing tribute (upon
the people). Opening. Conquering.
A & tatix, (11 of 33) Cutting in pieces.
rv Tais, Name of a city in Georgia.
A v tais, (ii of J-3) Reducing one to poverty, ren
dering one unable to pay his debts. Declaring one a bankrupt.
ava tatis, (11 of J-3) Liberating.
A s tatie, (11 of sl) Dividing, cutting, breaking.
A cl tatik, (11 of G) Cleaving, dividing.
A t tatik, (11 of 43) Swelling (the breasts of a maid
en). Having swelling breasts (a virgin). Putting a cover upon
the udders of cattle to prevent the young from sucking.
A J til, (11 of Julla) Breaking, notching (a sword).
Breaking the line, and putting (soldiers) to flight.
P er tatin, Charms, amulets, spells.
A C taannuk, (v of G-3) Being delicately brought up.
P c tufang, A musket, an iron rocket used in war.
T < tufangch?, A matchlock-man, a musqueteer.
A J taannun, (v of canna) Being of different species.
Diversion, amusement, pastime, fun.
r ex-j taniid, Courage, fortitude.
P & tanah (or Us: tafni), A spider's web.
A ** tanikh, (11 of 3) Overcoming, conquering.
A \ tafn?d, (11 of 3-3) Accusing of falsehood. Reproach
ing, upbraiding. Pronouncing one to be insane or weak.
A c- tafnik, (11 of J-3) Treating indulgently, pampering.
A c- tafnin, (11 of cfanna) Dividing into different sorts,
distributing into classes. Mixing. Afflicting, vexing, oppressing.
p : taf, Pho! fie, for shame! Tufa, Spittle.
A ce; tafacicut, (v of ~3%) Passing beyond, escaping.
P_3; tafur, A stone, or earthen vessel. Clay.
A j, taawwuk, (v of J33) Pretending to a superiority over
others. Doing a thing by degrees. Drinking milk at intervals.
3 I 2

J
**
428
'A J; taawwul, (for J tafa-ul, v of J) Presaging hap
pily, taking a good omen from a name.
A s tufh (from & ), Being little, mean, vile. Being silly,
sottish (a man). Being tasteless (food).
A s taawwuh, (v of 833) Speaking, pronouncing, deliver
ing (a speech). Being talkative.
A 23; tafsir, (11 of 93) Causing to boil or ferment.
Aj, tafwiz, (11 of 333) Leading to the desert. Departing,
travelling through the desert (with camels, &c.). Perishing,
dying. Appearing clear, open, patent (a way).
A U43: taficiz, (11 of J) Recommending, enjoining,
committing, resigning, confiding, referring to another. Marry
ing a wife without a fortune.
A - tafwif, (11 of -3.3) Marking with white spots.
A c, tawik, (11 of J33) Making a notch (to an arrow).
Allowing (a camel's colt) to suck at intervals.
A ** tafezm, (II of not in use) Baking wheaten bread.
P & tafah, Hatred, malevolence. A fog, a mist. A cloud.
Tufah, A button. A volume, a bundle of papers.
A & tafah (from & ), Being little, mean, vile, filthy, con
temptible. Being insipid (meat). Taih, Foolish. Tufah or
tuffah, An animal of the lynx-kind. See& tuffat.
A s tafahhur, (v of , ) Being ample. Being wealthy.
A C tafahhuk, (w of C) Spreading or extending wide.
Being abundant, diffusive.
A ** tafahhum, (v of *}) Understanding, perceiving.
A -g tahir, (11 of Being fatigued, breathing hard.
A *** taham, (11 of **) Giving to understand. Teaching,
instructing. Understanding.
A & tahah, (11 of &#) (God) making speechless, visiting
with an impediment of speech. Weakening, debilitating.
Pe tafidan, To crack, or chap (as the lips). To scrape
(money) together. To sit in the sun, to expose to the fire or sun.
ry tufayr (or <\ tufayrak), A white crumbling stone.
A 3: tafayyuz, (v of ac) Breathing forth the soul.
A J tafayyul, (v of J) Being weak or wandering in the
mind, erring in opinion or conjecture.
re tafin (or & tafinah), A spider's web.
A : tafayyu-a, (v of us) Doing any thing, sitting, in the
shade. Turning itself, being turned (a shadow).
P & tayah or tafiyah, Eaves for throwing off the rain.
Aji tafayhur, (11 of t Q) Being fatigued, breathing hard
(a man or horse). Abounding in riches.
A C tafayhuk, (11 of G Q) Being very emulous to excel. tunity. J- ...s takz-i sinn, The customs or habits of di
Being talkative, diffusive in speech or prayer. Being eloquent. ferent ages, as of childhood, youth, manhood, &c. &As *
a & tayi-at, (11 of 9) Casting a shadow. At the heels of
A * tayid, (11 of ) Drawing an ill omen from the note
of the owl.
A J tayil, (11 of J-3) Accusing one of imprudence or
weakness of opinion. Rendering imprudent.
\;
A taf-im, (II of c) Enlarging (a camel's saddle).
A c, taki, (imp. of J, waka') Take care! dread avoid!
A J takbul, (vi of J3) Encountering, standing face to
face, looking at one another. Counterbalancing. Mutual op
position. er) J After the meeting of both armies.
A tukt, Abstinence, piety, religion. The fear of God.
A c taktik, Swift, rapid.
A J taktul, (v1 of J-3) Fighting, slaying one another.
A ** takdut, (v1 of **) Piercing one another with
spears in battle. Treading close one upon another in pursuit of
any thing. Throwing one's self into. Dying one after another.
A fe takadim, (pl. of &c & takdmat) Presents.
A sl takdum, (v1 of **) Being ancient, antique, old.
Preceding, going before. Fronting each other. (in law) Such
a distance of time as suffices to prevent punishment.
Aj, takdir, (pl. of 2&takdr) The fates, divine decrees.
A J3's taksu, (v1 of -535) Throwing stones at one ano
ther. Mutual abuse.
Aj takrr, (v1 of 3 karra) Fixing, agreeing amongst
themselves. Standing firm. Being established in any place.
A -->}\ takrub, (v1 of -->) Approaching one another,
Being near. (in versification) Name of a measure.
A J takrush, (vi of U,3) Mixing in battle. Striking
with spears. Being pure, abstaining from evil.
A J takrus, (v1 of J) Retaliating (either g "
bad). Partaking mutually. Looking at one another askance.
Aky takruz, (VI of) Praising one another.
A. & j
takrut, (v1 of & F) Casting lots.
A ej ofey) Associating. Following:
takrun, (v1
Ajy takrir, (pl. of 2,3; takrir) Recitals.
A. cj takzh, Seasoning for victuals.
A - taksum, (v1 of ~) Dividing, sharing among one
another. Swearing to each other.
A Je takss, (v1 of Jai kassa) Retaliating upon one *
ther. Equalling numbers (in calculation).
Are's taksur, (v1 of rai) Pretending to be short Being
unequal to the performance of any thing.
A i taksu, (vi of -3.25) Being dashed topieces (a ship).
A. J taks, (v1 of 3-ai) Being broken off (a rock).
taksir, (pl. ofJa tiksr) Collars, short and close.
A.Je's
A \ takz (for J takz), Dunning, exacting. A
demand. Exaction by means of a suit at law. Urgency, impor:
takz-i shadid, Inexorable dunning, p V2' To exact.
A Q-s takz, (v1 of J) Forcing, compelling, urging,
exacting. Receiving (a debt). Exigence, necessity,
A k taktur, (v1 of Aaj) Distilling drop by drop. Raining
Arriving in bands, following one another.
 -3.3 429 exis

A s taktut, (v1 of t-las) Being disunited, alienated cumventing by fraud. (forAs takattur), Dropping, distilling,
(friendship). Deserting or neglecting relations. being ready to drop. Throwing ones self from a precipice.
A xe's takaud, (v1 of xxi) Abstaining, desisting. Super A & taktakat, A hard trot, an uneasy motion.
seding or delaying. Not foregoing one's claims (upon another). A J takattul, (v of J-3) Accommodating one's self to
Au- taktus, (v1 of L-3) Waiting, expecting. Delay others, behaving modestly and attentively. Walking with a
ing, retarding. Receding, hanging back. Being refractory. graceful elegant air (a woman).
Av's takfus, (vi of J) Lugging each other's hair. A ---i taktit, (11 of e-j katta) Publishing and censuring
Alaj takfut, (vi of lak) Assisting each other to generate the opinions of others. Perfuming (by boiling) unguents.
(applied especially to animals which part the hoof). A & taktid, The cutting of the shrub goat's thorn.
AJ takll, (v1 of J3 kalla) Considering as small or trifling. Aj, taktir, (11 of 23) Sparing expense, keeping domestics
A -l taklib, (pl. of ~~~~ taklib) Changes, revolutions. at short allowance. Sending forth a flavour (meat when roast
rt- ,-'s taklib-i charkh, The revolutions of the heavens. ing). Putting a piece of meat in a hole, to allure wild beasts.
The vicissitudes of fortune. A J taktil, (11 of J-5) Killing numbers. Slaughter.
Ax takamur, (v1 of P) Playing at dice or other games A s takahhuz, (v ofjs) Speaking rudely, harshly.
of chance. Wagering, betting. A ;s takahsum, (11 of s oj Sticking (to business).
A takwat (from J), Piety, abstinence, continence. A cs takahzun, (11 of ejs oy Falling down when struck,
A J takcul, (v. of J}) Conversing together. being levelled with the ground.
A takatoum, (v1 ofe;) Rising one against another, get A Js takahhul, (v of J) Having withered flesh upon the
ting up to fight. Opposing an enemy. bones (an old man). Being old and full of years.
A * takvuh, (vi of 853) Mutual shouting. Ajs takahluz, (11 of As Q) Being thrown down.
A * takiiwi, (v1 of 5,5) Strengthening one another. A * s takahhum, (v of ) Falling suddenly into or upon
Vying, contending with, outbidding one another, every one for (anything). Rushing violently. Behaving anxiously or impor
himself. Money advanced to tenants to pay for seed. tunately in any matter. Depreciating any thing. Meeting with
P ** takwm, The place of the planets. (CASTELLUs.) a scarce, barren season. Throwing his rider (a horse).
A s tak-hib, (11 of -*) Coughing.
A ** takiiwim, (pl. of *:: takic im), Almanacks.
A 3-s tak-hiyat, (11 of es not in use) Spitting out rheum.
A.J.'s takyul, (v1 of J) Dissolving a contract, releasing
Ajs tak-h?:, (II of s) Striking with a stick; making the
each other from an agreement.
A -- takabbub, (v of ~3 kabba) Entering a vault. (person) so struck to jump or spring. Using harsh (language).
A *** tak-him, (11 of **) Precipitating, thrusting one
*** takabbuh, (v of *9) Considering ugly.
thing into another. Throwing his rider on his face (a horse).
A L takabbuz, (v of Lij) Being collected, contracted, A $9.5 tikdat, (33.5 takdah or tikdah) Coriander-seed.
wrinkled. Being costive. Drawing one's self together. Being
A ex takaddud, (v of A3 kadda) Being split. Being divided
frightened. Containing or restraining one's self. Leaping upon. and dispersed (people). Being dry or dried.
A J takabbul, (v of J-3) Receiving favourably, admitting.
Aje takaddur, (v of jej) Being pre-ordained, predestined.
A s takabbi, (V of J) Putting on a short tunic open Being measured, proportioned. Possessing intrinsically the power
before, called kab. Resembling tripe. of another given object; being equal (one thing to another).
A - takbib, (11 of C-5 kabba) Making an arch or cupola. A va takaddasa, (3d pers, pret. of U-23 in the fifth
A& takbiyat, (11 of J) Adjusting, adapting, preparing. conjug. used optatively) May he be sanctified J, L
Making the garment (or tunica virilis) called kab. takaddasa wa tatala, May (God) be sanctified and exalted:
A takbih, (11 of **) Treating with abusive language.
A U-Ai takaddus, (v of U-23) Being pure, holy. Being
Exposing a foul deed. Reproof, reproach. purified. Making one's self clean. Sanctifying one's self.
Arr takbir, (11 of 23) Burying. Causing to bury. A ** takaddum, (w of **) Being sent before. Being pre
A virs takbiz, (11 of Lij) Collecting in a heap. Desiring fixed, preferred, promoted, prefaced. Being proposed, offered.
one to take, or catch with the hand. Giving away (money). Commanding, giving a charge. Exceeding in boldness or
* J takbil, (11 of J-3) Kissing. A kiss, P --e J strength of mind. Projecting beyond, jutting out. Approach
takbil-i dast, Kissing of hands. ing, drawing near. Standing before. Precedence, pre-excel
AJ& taktk, Swift, rapid. lence, preference, priority. A satrap, one high in authority.
A J taktl (from J-5), Killing. Slaughter, murder. A cc takaddumt, (pl. of ** takaddum) Premises.
Ari takattur, (v of 23) Preparing for battle. Retiring, re A & A, takdmat, The proposition of a syllogism. A govern
maining behind. Being angry, enraged. Breathing hard. Cir ment, a lieutenancy. The final adjustment of an account.

s---
 - -

_ 430 - j

A - Aj takdumiyat, A going before. Precedence. Tuk
dumiyat, Men or things going before.
A s takaddi, (v of 233) Following the steps. Imitating.
A c takdih, (11 of c) Making (a horse) slim or gaunt.
Sinking in its socket (the eye).
A x takdd, (11 of X, kadda) Drying in the air or smoak
ing (flesh cut into oblong pieces for future use). Cutting or
tearing (a garment) the long way.
A 2- takdir, (11 of y) Measuring; fixing, pre-ordaining,
decreeing. Disposing in order, arranging. Rendering possi
ble. Estimating. Predestination, inevitable decree, fixed fate.
A <-y takdrt, (pl. of 2& takdr) Decrees. .*, *
& takdrt-i ilahiyah, The divine decrees.
A takdry, Having the efficacy without the sensible
or material part; real, virtual.
A U-x takdis, (11 of U-23) Purifying, sanctifying, conse
crating. Pronouncing a benediction. Sanctity. Magnifying.
A ** takdm, (11 of ^*) Giving precedence; desiring to
go before, or take the chief place; preferring, promoting. Pro
posing, offering, holding out. Causing to appear, or stand be
fore. Sending forward. Setting over. Doing before. Swear
ing. Prefixing. Priority.
A c takazzuh, (v of c) Charging with villainy.
AJ& takazzur, (w of 533) Abhorring, detesting, considering
as sordid or filthy. Being dirty, squalid. Dirtying.
A & takazzut, (v of **) Preparing (mischief) for any one.
A $3& takazkuz, (11 of 35& Q) Ascending a mountain. Fall
ing into a well, and perishing. Following one's own inclination.
A takziyat, (11 of .533) Taking a mote out of the eye.
A 2& taksir, (II of j) Soiling (a garment).
A *** takzig, (11 of 39) Dirtying (a garment).
A #3; takzf, (11 of 333) Throwing (stones at another).
Aj takir, Herbs, roots, spiceries, and other seasonings.
AJ); takrr, Stability. A firm constitution. Firmness.
A c, takarrub, (w of ~;) Seeking admittance, striving
to draw near. Hoping to render (the Deity) propitious by sacri
fices. Propinquity, nearness. Access, union (with God).
P J -jit ~% kasb-i takarrub kardan, Togain admission,
to get the ear (of a great man), to procure favour.
A b,; takarrut, (v of 2}) Being adorned with ear-rings.
A & J takarrut, (v of & P) Being turned, converted.
A ie; takartu, (11 of -ie, o] Drawing one's self together,
A -3, 3 takarru, (v of 53) Being unbarked (a tree). Be
ing laid bare (a wound or sore).
A Las; takarfus, (11 of Ja Q) Wrapping (herself) up in
her garments (an old woman).
A s takarfut, (11 of s Q) Drawing one's self together.
a takarrum, (V of *A) Eating gently (as an infant),
nibbling the herbage (as a young camel).
A:Jij takarru-a, (vof 5) Reading the scriptures.
Ps, takirah, Caraway-seeds.
A s takarr, (v of s;) Following the stream.
A Gr takrib, (11 of ~3) Giving access, causing to ap
proach. Offering a victim (to God). Sheathing (a sword).
Galloping (a horse). Nearness. Handcuffing, fettering. Occa
sion, conjuncture. Appearance, probability. Pretence, mo
tive. An offering, a sacrifice. Recommendation, mention.
A takrzban, (p & takrzbnah), Near to, about.
A Jj takrib7), Conjectural, probable.
A Q takrid, (11 of 93) Being silent (especially from any
impediment). Curing (cattle) of the tike. Soothing, cajoling,
amusing, deceiving. Despising, undervaluing. Depressing.
Humbling one's self. Throwing away as worthless.
Al takrir, (11 of ; karra) Giving stability. Setting at
rest. Strengthening, confirming. Constituting, appointing. Im
posing (a tribute). Forcing to confess. Extorting the truth by
torture. Proving. Relating, explaining. A narrative, rela
tion, recital, account, detail. Pleasure, delight.
A L takris, (11 of U-53) Congealing. Cooling.
A Ly takrish, (11 of U) Acquiring. Irritating.
A La takris, (11 of Je;) Washing, or squeezing with the
tips of the fingers. Making up (paste) into balls.
A v takriz, (11 of J) Praising (a companion), exalt
ing with praise. Censuring.
Aaj takrit, (11 of ;) Putting in ear-rings. Bridling (*
horse). Cutting (scallions) to season a pot. Snuffing a candle.
Giving little.
A 34,53 takriz, (11 of 93) Praising the living.
-

A s takrit, (11 of &A) Reproaching, reviling, rePro**

A 3; takirat, Caraway.
A 3,5 takirrat, (fromJ karra) Remaining still. Stability.
A c takarruh, (v of ty) Being corroded with ulcers.
tikrid, Spiceries, seasoning. Caraways.
A
P 89; tikirdah, A kind of medicine. Caraways.
AJ& takarrur, (V ofj karra) Being made fast, established.
Being imposed (taxes). Staling on his legs (a camel). Grow
ing fat on dry grass (a camel). confirmation. Approbation.
A Ly takarrush, (v of Uj) Being collected. Gaining.
ar takarsum, (ii of c, o Taking (everything).
chiding. Striking or breaking the head. Curing a camel's colt
of pustules called & A karat.
A c, takrin, (11 of ey;) Associating one with another.
companying. Joining together many captives with one chain.
A c takazzuh, (v of cy) Spreading into many branches.
Aj. takazzuz, (v ofj) Haling * (a horse).
A & j takazzu (v of 83) Being trained for runn or
A&; takziyat, (11 of .53) Throwing down, * n.
A c, takih, (ii of c3) Seasoning (* pot) with herbs.
corating (a story).
 C 431
it::g A s takzie, (ii of 83) Making (a horse) gallop or leap.
(Mre!
Shaving (the head, but leaving some places hairy). Teazing or
Msk vexing (a man) about any particular business which he dislikes.
sel (*, * Applying anxiously to any thing. Sending (an ambassador or
messenger). Running with vehemence.
g ; A U-i takassus, (v of J-3 kassa) Listening, hearing.
Al- takassut, (v of A-5) Distributing equally.
A vi-i takaskus, (11 of vi-3 Q) Listening.
ly (; d. A *-ij takassum, (V of 5) Dividing, separating. Scatter
ing. Being divided, scattered, dissipated.
ps A U- taksis, (11 of U.5 kassa) Feeding (camels) well.
A k-j taksit, (11 of a-3) Dividing.
tral, A *-ij taksim, (II of 3) Distributing, dividing, scattering.
es, t Giving to be divided. Division in arithmetic. 8-1- z-s tak
alig sim-ijama, An assessment of land. A rent-roll. Peyer *s
;: : taksim namudan, To distribute, to allot.
Y. P A*- taksimat, An oath. A handsome woman.
l, m 4 J-j taksimi, An assesment of taxes divided in lots. a tree). Pruning (a vine).
}. N!" *A* takashshur, (v of ,-3) Being peeled, unbarked.
Ala-i takashshut, (v of at 3) Being serene (the sky).
s : A 8--: takashshut, (w of 84) Being dispelled, separated. stituting a judge. (God) sending calamity among men.
A -it takashshu, (v of -) Living poorly. Being scan
tily fed and coarsely clothed. Becoming dry.
A U s takashkush, (11 of U Q) Being healed (skin).
A -- takshib, (11 of --;) Corrupting. Injuring, mo
lesting. Affecting one (the poisonous smell of any thing).
A& takshiyat, (ii of 3-3) Unbarking or chipping (wood).
Rubbing (the face). Preventing, hindering (one from business).
A ri tukshir, (11 of 2.3) Peeling, excoriating.
A C*-* takshish, (11 of U3 kashsha) Collecting. Eating
(upon every occasion).
Aj tiksr, A collar, or necklace (short and close).
A Q-as takassud, (v of 3.23) Being broken in pieces (a spear).
Being killed. Dying (a dog).
A U-as takassus, (v of U23 kassa) Following (the steps of
another). Preserving in memory (the speech of another).
A tes, takassus, (v of as) Being full of matter (a sore).
A- as takassu, (v of 3-3) Being broken, dashed, bruised.
a J-s takassul, (v of J.a.) Being cut, divided.
A *a takassum, (w of ra) Being broken, torn asunder.
Ay; as takaszur, (11 of 23 as 0) Being short, defective.
A sa takassi, (v of usa) Employing every effort. Being
s
mark (an arrow). Proceeding slowly. Abridging. Cutting
(hair). Shortening prayers (by performing two, instead of four,
inclinations). Bleaching (a garment). Marking (a camel) on
the neck. Rendering weak. Defect, failure. Abbreviation,
abridgement. Error, fault.
A <!-a taksirt, (pl. of ak, taksir) Errors, failings.
PJ',Ja taksir-war, Faulty, criminal, blameable.
A La-a taksis, (11 of La kassa) Plastering with mortar.
A s-a taksit, (11 of 8-3) Quenching (thirst with water).
Keeping close at home. Appearing above ground (wheat).
A ---is takazzub, (v of vis) Being cut, lopped, pruned
(a vine). Sending forth rays (the sun).
A Li-i takazzuz, (v of U43 kazza) Sousing on prey (a hawk).
A 8-i takazzut (v of S-3) Being cut, separated, divided.
A Grij takazzi, (V of us) Going away, vanishing. Escap
ing (from danger). Sousing upon prey (a hawk). Being ended.
A --~i takzb, (11 of exi;) Lopping off the branches (of
Darting forth rays (the sun).
A ris takiyat, (11 of us+) Performing, absolving, finish
ing, consummating, executing. Paying a debt. Creating. Con
AA; takattur, (V of As) Dropping, being ready to drop or
distil. Preparing for battle. Throwing one's self from a height.
Perfuming herself (a woman). Retiring, remaining behind.
A sas takattuk, (v of t) Being cut into several parts.
Being dissolved. Dying. Being diluted (as wine). Dividing
(departments of business among one another.) Wanting rain.
A * takatti, (v of las) Being slow. Turning away (the
face). Being drawn up very gently from the well (a bucket).
A -lataktib, (11of-la;) Looking austere. Mixing (wine).
Ax taktir, (11 of As) Distilling, coming out drop by
drop. Causing to drop. Piercing with a spear, and levelling
with the ground. Perfuming (a garment) with the wood of aloes.
Tying camels in a string. Distillation. A strangury. A gomorrhoea.
A sas taktia, (11 of t) Cutting in several pieces, hash
ing, mincing. Dissecting. (In prosody) Scanning. Dividing
people into various classes. Amputating (the hand). Breaking
off all intercourse with one's relations. Diluting (wine with water).
Dissolving. Leaving another behind (a horse in a race). The
cesura, or pause in verse. The stature of man. The gripes.
A as takti, (11 of -li;) Gathering grapes. Scratching.
A. es taktin, (11 of ej) Putting forth shoots (a vine).

carried very far in an argument. *

A. & takat, Hunger. s S-85 takatun takizun, Hunger of
A s-ra taksib, (11 of c-a) Putting forth blades (corn). the keenest kind, starvation.
A&as taksiyat, (11 of J) Cutting the nails; also the tips A xi takattud, (v of x3) Delaying (business). Prevent
of the ears. Cutting off the extreme parts of any thing. ing, hindering. Being unable, or unwilling, to do any thing.
A *a, taksid, (11 of 3.23) Breaking or splitting (wood). Axi takattur, (v of >3) Being deep (well or ditch). Pe
Ajrak taksir, (11 of raj) Subsiding (as anger, or grief). netrating to the bottom. Being carried far (in a speech).
Being deficient, unequal to. Desisting from what one cannot A ix; takattu, (w of -i-As) Being moved (from its place).
Perform. Doing less than one ought, Falling short of the Ajs; takaffuz, (11 of jx; Q) Leaving, abandoning.
 -4 t

J 432 ~~
A 8-x takaakut, (11 of 8-ix; q) Being removed (with noise). P J tukli, A lamb six months old.
A U-xx; takatwus, (11 of U-x} 0) Becoming decrepit (an A -* taklib, (11 of 9) Revolving, inverting, turning
old man). upside down. Rolling, tumbling, throwing off. Transacting
A -x takb, (11 of C-3) Making deep. Being carried business. Examining accurately. Stripping naked. Conversion.
far (in an argument). Mouthing (a speech). a t taklh, (11 of *) Waxing strong (a plant). Clean
A -- s taktis, (11 of ~3) Pulling up by the roots. ing the teeth.
A & taked, (11 of Ax3) Attending, serving, waiting upon. A ** takikh, (11 of) Striking a blow. Thriving (a plant).
Being sufficient in point of gain or advantage.
Ay take ir, (11 of 23) Making deep. Being carried on (in A \ taklid, (11 of M3) Twisting. Putting on a collar or
a speech). Moving the mouth much when speaking. necklace. Adorning (a woman's neck) with a chain. Putting a
wreath round the neck of a victim destined to be slain at Mecca,
Aka take it, (11 of axi) Being obscene in conversation. A
straitening. Force, compulsion. Investing with authority. Imitation, representation, a counter
Aj takaffur, (v of 23) Following (the steps). Imitating. feiting. *: Us" ahl-i taklid, A mimic, comedian, buffoon.
Aj takaffuz, (v of 53) Drawing on a glove. Tinging the re & taklidkardan, To represent, to counterfeit, to feign;
to imitate the voice, manner, or hand of another.
(hands or feet) with cypress or privet.
A. sl taklidi, Imitated, forged, false, counterfeit.
A U- takaffus, (v of J-3) Leaping, hopping, skipping.
Aj, taklis, (11 of 13) Causing any one to empty a cup.
A *-s takaffue, (v of 83) Being contracted, wrinkled.
Fixing its tail in the ground (a locust) when depositing its eggs.
A - takafku, (11 of - Q) Trembling (especially A v taklis, (11 of U-9) Beating a kind of Arabian drum,
with cold), chattering (the teeth). Withering (as a plant).
called se daff, and meeting or going before kings and other
A J takafful, (v of J) Bolting or locking a door. Being
great men, with that and other musical instruments, on trium
bolted, locked. Following with the eye. Assembling (to do
phant and other public occasions.
business). Causing to come off a journey. Drying (the skin).
a u- taklis, (11 of J4) Drawing one's self together.
A J takaffi, (v of ;) Imitating, following the steps. Tucking up (a garment). Being tucked up (a garment).
A & takfiyat, (11 of 33) Ordering to follow.
A sl takli, (11 of t) Removing, splitting, tearing up.
A r takfir, (11 of 2:3) Collecting, heaping together (earth). A -i takli, (11 of -i 3) Tapping (a barrel or the like).
Leaping upon. Being without sauce (meat). A Jl takil, (11 of J: kalla) Diminishing, causing to look
A J takfi, (11 of J) Locking (doors). less. Reduction.
A cr takfin, (11 ofe) Decapitating. A * takim, (11 of 45) Paring (the nails).
A takallub, (v of 43) Being converted, inverted. A 2* takammuh, (v of 2") Raising the head when refusing
Being expert in business. Conversion, revolution, transmutation,
to drink (a camel).
change. Success in trade. Trade. Conversation.
A cl takallubat, (pl. of takallub) Changes, turns. Ay takammur, (V of >3) Gaining at dice. Visiting *
by moon-light. Prowling forth at that time (a lion in quest of
P ex~~ takallubat-igardun, The revolutions of the world. prey). Making a blaze at night, in order to catch deer or birds,
a & taklibat, The revolution of time. by dazzling their eyes. Stealing upon a woman unawares.
A Mtakallud, (v of M3) Being twisted or involved (one thing A La takammus, (v of La) Putting on a shirt or shift.
in another). Being adorned with a necklace (a woman), with Cantering, galloping (a horse).
a collar (an animal). Being preferred to, or confirmed in, an A 8-5 takammut, (v of 83) Taking the best part (of any
office. Receiving an investiture. Putting a sword-belt round thing). Shaking the head to drive away the flies (an ass).
the neck, or over the shoulder. Putting on (a necklace). A *** takamkum, (II of cas o) Being on the top of any
A j takalluz, (V of 23) Frisking (the mountain goat). thing. Being plunged under water.
A v takallus, (v of J-3) Putting on (a cap). A ** takammum, (v of 23 kamma) Ascending to the highest
A u- takalsi, (II of J-3 Q) Putting on a cap or coif. part, and there standing or reelining. Copulating (beasts).
A Jes takallus, (v of J-3) Contracting, shrinking (a sha Searching, examining things swept together. -

Aer takammun, (v of c not in use) Endeavouring (to

dow, or clothes in washing). Being shrivelled (the lips).
A s takalluf, (v of t) Being torn up. Hindering. accommodate one's self to the humour of another). l
A ; takammu-a, (w of uj) Collecting, scraping toget Jer,
A c takalluk, (v of G) Being disturbed.

Ac tiklik, Name of an aquatic bird. Taking the best part of anything.

andering no one knows whe re,
- -

. A Jl, takalkul, (11 of Js q) Being moved, shaken. a & takammuh, (v of 443) W

A v takalnus, (II of J.-- q) Putting on a cap or coif. A_r takmur, A change of the moon.
 ---
_542
A Ut takmish, (ii of U-3) Separating or raking toge
ther (small things). Eating (anything however bad).
A La takms, (ii of U243) Putting on a shirt.
A l takmit; (11 of law}) Binding the hands and feet (of a
captive), or the four feet (of a sheep). Swaddling (an infant).
Joining (camels) in a string.
A s takm, (ii of -3) Taking the stalk (from a date).
Acji tikm, Nature. Skilful (man). Clay or soil at the bot
tom of rivers, wells, or ditches. J J. Name of a famous darter.
A & takannub, (v of L) Setting (as the sun).
** takansur, (11 of, 3 o' Growing old.
Au-j takannus, (v of La) Hunting.
a & takannua, (v of 83) Putting on a coif or cap.
A & takanfux, (11 of 33 Q) Striking (with a staff).
A c, taknib, (11 of -3) Putting forth the ear (corn).
Being thirty or forty in number (a troop of horse).
A & takni-at, (11 of Li) Tinging with a very red colour.
Dyeing (the beard) black.
A & takniyat, (11 of J) Keeping (a girl) at home that
she may not romp with the boys.
of)
A t taknih, (11 Fitting a long crooked key to the
lock of a door.
- All-j taknit, (11 of la:) Driving to desperation.
A s taknit, (11 of S-3) Making contented. Enjoining
contentment. Putting on a head-dress. Wrapping a whip round
the head. Hiding his head under his plumage (a cock).
A -- takni, (11 of C.3) Cutting in pieces with a sword.
A\; takic (for s takira'), Piety. The fear of God.
A c, takawwub, (v of ) Being excoriated, unbarked.
Being broken, torn, or pulled up. Being broken (an egg).
A c, takawwut, (v of ~3) Being nourished, supported.
A t takawwuh, (v of c?) Suppurating (a wound).
AJ3; takawwur, (v of 953) Twisting, coiling (as a serpent).
Being elapsed (the best part of the night).
Av takawwus, (v of J) Being crooked, curved. Arm
ing one's self with a bow.
Av takawwus, (v of J) Being disjointed, demolished,
fallen to pieces. Going and coming.
A t Takwue, (Heb. 9 pm) Tekoa.
A &: takawwut, (v of & 3) Inclining to one side. Walking
as if treading upon thorns. Climbing (a tree as the chameleon). endeavours to gain any point. Superintending, having the
A ve; takawaus, (11 of Je; Q) Becoming decrepit (old oversight of Attention, diligence, application, assiduity.
man). Falling in ruins (a house).
A ; takawwuf (v of -35) Checking one when speaking,
2. desiring him to say this or that.
A J takawwul, (v of J;) Telling a lie of another.
A 3.5 tikwalat, Loquacious, talkative.
A t takawwum, (vote;) Becoming constituted, confirmed,
straightened, rectified, directed.
433 J
--
A s takwa', The fear of God, piety. Abstinence. . s
s; ahl-i takwa, One who fears God; pious, devout.
A s takawicz, (v of s;3) Becoming powerful, strong, cou
rageous. Being corroborated, strengthened. Raining. As
sistance (particularly to tenants by advances, or remission of rent).
A takic?b, (11 of ~;) Digging. Breaking, crush
ing (as a bird her egg). Tearing up, eradicating.
A&; takwiyat, (11 of .553) Corroborating, strengthening.
Re-enforcing. Aid. Confidence, reliance, trust, r ,c-;
e ce takiciyat-i din Kardan, To propagate religion. -- 3:
J 9 takiciyat-i kalb kardan, To comfort the heart.
A & ff takwid, (11 of ex;) Leading (many horses). Guidance.
A 2; takirir, (11 of 33) Falling from the middle.
Av takwis, (11 of U-53) Bending like a bow. Becom
ing crooked, decrepit (old men). ,
A L takiciz, (11 of U;3) Demolishing a structure, but
not utterly destroying it. Substituting (one thing) for another.
A J takicil, (11 of J}) Reporting that another said so
and so (generally falsely).
A *:: takwim, (11 of ;) Making straight. Setting in
order, fixing, adjusting. Correcting. Guiding. Putting a
price upon. An ephemeris, a calendar, an almanack. e--" J
** gala' ahsana takiemin, In the most perfect symmetry. --
A & takirih, (11 of sy; not in use) Calling. Making a
clamour. Driving (wild beasts) into any place (as a net).
P & tukah, A button, a buckle, a clasp.
A s takahkur, (11 of j q) Retiring back.
A Ji takahhul, (w of J) Drying, withering (the skin).
Having dry and withered flesh upon the bones (an old man).
Being poor and miserable. Speaking in a shrill feeble tone of
voice. Walking or proceeding slowly. Being ungrateful. Be
ing inhuman. Using one shamefully, ungratefully in word or
Complaining without cause.
action. -
A U-23; tak-hus, Celerity. A trembling, tottering gait.
A r tak-hir, (11 of j) Conquering, taming, subduing.
A J taki, (fem, imperative), Fear thou (woman). Tuka',
Piety, the fear of God. Abstinence. J A-\s as-hb-i
tuka', Endowed with piety. Takiy, Pious, fearing God.
A & takiyat, Fear, caution. Piety.
A ** takuyyuh, (w of **) Becoming purulent (wound).
A \ takayyud, (v of 3:3) Giving attention, dedicating one's
A v takayyus, (v of J-3) Resembling, or adhering to,
the Arabian tribe of Kays.
A vari takayyus, (v of L-3) Braying (a camel). Falling
in (a well).
A vic takayyuz, (v of Li) Being broken (an egg), demo
lished (a wall). Resembling (one's father). Being determined,
definite.
3 K
 \3 434
A* takayyuz, (v of Passing the summer (any where).
A J takayyul, (v of J-3) Resembling, taking after, one's
father. Sleeping at mid-day; also drinking then. Being as
sembled, met, flowing (water).
AJ takayyun, (w of ej) Being adorned (a bride).
A : takayyu-a, (w of ) Vomiting. Pretending to vomit.
Throwing herself in her husband's way (a woman).
A & takyi-at, (11 of .3) Causing one to vomit,
A takyh, (11 of) Making purulent (a wound).
A \ri takyid, (11 of 3:3) Binding. Fettering, shackling.
Pointing a book.
A r takyir, (11 of J) Pitching, tarring (a ship).
A L takyzz, (11 of Li) Breaking, demolishing (a house).
Determining, defining. Predestinating. Reconciling (one to
another). Marking (camels) with a hot stone or iron.
A ar takyiz, (11 of a 3) Passing the summer (any where).
Sufficing for the summer.
A J takyil, (11 of J-3) Giving drink at mid-day.
A cr takyn, (11 of er) Adorning, dressing (a bride).
Putting a house in order (a servant). Making a camel's saddle.
* < tak, A species of grass growing among wheat. Name
of a plant growing in the water, of which in Egypt they make
paper, and which in Arabic they call s bardly. Depth,
profundity. The bottom of a well. The beak of a bird. The
point of a sword or the like. Little, small, moderate in quan
tity. Quiet. One, alone, unique, unparalleled. Uneven. <<
-- tak jut, Odds or evens. Only. Provided that. On
this pretence; if by this means. es t tak hamn (or ev
e hamn tak), Provided only that. The quick pace of a
horse. A heat, a race. Assault, attack, shock, brunt. Striking
the dice-box to make the dice fall to the bottom. (Imperative
and participle of c), Run thou. Running. & ~
ash-tak, (Fleet) as a horse. When added to a noun it is a par
ticle of similitude, as << * mh-tak, (Beautiful) like the
moon. < ve dary-tak, (Raging) like the sea. t el
bd-tak, (Rapid) like the wind. 332 3 tak o pit, Run and
search. A diligent enquiry. eA 23 t tak o pil kardan,
To search or examine carefully. j, t tako tz (or <<
ju tak-ts), Haste quick! run ' Impetuosity. Tik, A mouth
ful, a morsel. Much. A horse. The fore-part. Tuk, The
beak of a bird. A small lamp which gives but little light. Av takvous, (v1 of J-5) Being compressed. Being
*A cl takka, (fut. t yatikku) He was weak in mind. | firm in flesh (youth). Being thick (herbage). Accumulat"
A 3 takk, One who reclines much. Anything upon which J takawul, (v1 of J}) Pretending to be short.
others rest, as a table or sofa.
A 3.03 tak-ud, (v1 of e's) Being difficult, troublesome.
P9 tak-b, A valley through which a stream flows. Un
even grounds, partly under water, and partly dry, partly verdant
and partly sterile. A tunnel. Enmity. Name of a country.
42% takabur, (VI of 23) Playing the great man upon one
another, behaving superciliously.
&
P :S tak-pily or py, Diligent enquiry. Haste, speed.
A $.3 tuka-at. A prop, a support. A walking-stick. Acushion,
a pillow. One who reclines much upon his side.
A G taktub, (v1 of 3) Writing to one another.
A s taktut, (v1 of t) Following in succession.
A takatum, (v1 of **) Dissembling mutually.
A c taksuh, (v1 of ) Fighting (with swords).
A.AG taksur, (v1 ofAS) Multiplying.Disputing for supe
riority (in number, affluence, or numerous offspring). Multitude.
A #3 taksu, (v1 of ) Being compressed. Thickness.
Aje takadur, (v1 of js) Fixing the eye stedfastly.
A --SG takzub, (v1 of ~35) Lying, deceiving each other.
AJG takr, Running. A swift horse.
A *JG takrum, (v1 of %) Being honourable. Being pure.
Disdaining any thing mean.
A - takri, (v1 of 25) Hiring, bargaining for.
A J-9 taksul, (v1 of J-3) Appearing, or affecting to be,
slothful. Negligence, indolence, sloth, sluggishness.
A G takshu, (v1 of -i-S) Disclosing each other's faults
A Je takss, (v1 of J-5 kassa) Thronging (men).
Ak takzz, (v1 of 33 kazza) Persecuting one another.
A39 takfu-a, (v1 of *:3) Answering exactly. Equality.
A takaff, (v1 of J) Being equal.
j
A cl takk (from & takka), Being weak, silly. Ine
briating (wine). Cutting off. Trampling. Drunkenness, folly.
A 3,33 takkirat, (pl. of - tukkra) Generals, leaders.
A taka-ku-a, (11 of*'s c) Being weak, cowardly. Re
tiring from fear. Being collected together.
A --! taklub, (v1 of 3) Rushing upon one another.
A JG takalum, (v1 of *) Revisiting, conversing.
A taklib (for * taklub), Insult, assault.
a -id taki, (pl. of i.13 takli) Impositions, levi
public burthens, taxes. Exactions, extraordinary contributions.
A takalim, (pl. of taklim) Woundings. Wounds.
A J.G. takmul, (v1 of J.S.) Being entire, perfect, comple".
A c takwuh, (v1 of c;%) Treating one another ill.
A. takawud, (v1 of ) Deceiving one another.
p_0,\G tak-awar, Swift, running, driving forward. An "
bling horse. A camel. A deep well. G.) tak-awar *
ablak, The world. Day and night.
A
a JAG takhul, (v1 of J) Negligence, remissness.
A & takyud, (v1 of **) Laying snares for one another.
A J takyul, (vi of J.S) Reviling each other.
A ~& takabbub, (v of ~$ kabba) Being heaped together.
A & takabbud, (v of A.S.) Being in the meridian (thes").
Being in the highest altitude (a star). Becoming thick (milk).
PU.S. takbar or takabbur, A spider's web.
 c-3
Ar takabbur, (v of23) Being proud. Pride, haughtiness,
arrogance, loftiness, presumption, ambition, grandeur.
A &\,.6 takbirniyat, The height of glory.
A G takabkub, (ii of - Q) Rolling one's self up in a powder). Beginning to look green with young herbage (ground).
garment. Breaking down from disease or leanness (a camel).
r & G tak-band, A silken or woollen girdle.
A c takabbi, (v of ::$) Being perfumed (clothes). Co
vering (live coals) with ashes.
A - takbib, (11 of 3 kabba) Broiling steaks. Falling
(on the face or knees). Giving attention to (any business).
A&G takbiyat, (11 of::$) Perfuming (garments). Cover
ing up (live coals) with ashes.
A&G takbid, (ii of A.S.) Attaining its highest altitude above
the horizon (a star).
ar takbir, (11 of,5) Making, calling, or esteeming great.
Magnifying God by saying 2% a!!! allah akbar, God is greatest.
A J-9 takbil, (11 of J) Fettering (a captive).
a & takkat, (from t takka) Being weak in mind. Intoxi
cating (wine). Cutting. Trampling, bruising under foot. Tik
kat, Strings for long drawers, or trowsers.
r G tikit (or --& tigit), Black gum mastich.
rj-G tak-taz, Haste, speed, velocity. Be quick!
A --9 takattub, (v of -*) Being drawn up in troops.
A -i-9 takattu, (v of -i-S) Walking with high shoulders. Striking, wounding. Breaking (a stone). Combing the hair.
A t tiktik, The sound made by any thing breaking or
bursting (as the strings of trowsers, &c.).
A & taktakat (from t q), Treading. Breaking.
A J takattul, (v of J-5) Going like a dwarf. Devouring.
A --9 taktib, (11 of -*) Writing. Teaching or caus
ing to write. Assembling, or drawing up (an army) in divisions.
Tying (camels) udders, to prevent their colts from sucking.
A t taktit, (11 of **) Cutting small, chopping.
A-i-S takti, (ii of Lia) Hooping (a barrel). Being
high in the withers (a horse). Mincing (meat).
A taktam, (11 of **) Concealing, covering, hiding.
A takassuh, (v of &) Being struck (with gravel).
PAG taksar, A tree bearing fruit. (CAstellus.)
AAG takassur, (v of A$) Being multiplied. Being enriched.
A takassum, (v of ) Stopping short, being astonished.
Retiring, withdrawing, lurking.
A - taksib, Paucity, fewness, smallness of quantity.
A&G taksi-at, (11 of ) Gathering cream (milk). Throw
ing up fat or scum (a pot). Growing long, spreading (as plants,
the beard, or camels' hair). Eating cream.
A & taksih, (11 of Uncovering (ones posteriors).
AAs taksir, (11 of A$) Multiplying, augmenting, enlarging.
A t taksit, (11 of t) Having a flux. Gathering cream
(milk). Throwing up scum (a pot). Skinning (a wound).
Growing long (plants, the beard, camels' hair). Eating cream.
435
A --G taksif, (11 of -35) Rendering thick, condensing:
A Js takahhul, (v of J Tinging the eyes (especially
with crude antimony, or lead-ore reduced to an impalpable
A J-s tak-his, (11 of Jas Erasing, defacing (a book).
A Js tak-hil, (11 of J Anointing with collyrium.
A c takadduh, (v of c) Being scratched with the mails.
Aje takaddur, (w of Jes) Being turbid, impure, dark (colour,
or liquor). Being disturbed, afflicted (life). Dregs. Dulness.
A J-49 takaddus, (v of C-23) Travelling as if over-loaded
and fatigued (a horse, or camel).
a & AG takdi-at, (11 of **) (Cold) nipping (a plant). Being
destroyed by cold, frost-bitten (a plant).
A ** takdah, (11 of c) Scratching violently (the face).
A &AG takdid, (11 of 35 kadda) Driving away, thrusting,
pushing, persecuting with virulence.
A 229 takdir, (11 of Ja) Rendering turbid. Distressing,
oppressing. Js-AAG takalir-i khtir, Perturbation of mind.
A L-as takdis, (11 of J-26) Putting up (corn) into stacks.
A ** takilim, (11 of **) (A sheep) biting gently without
cropping (the herbage).
A &AG takdh, (11 of 328) Scratching, disfiguring (the face).
A -3G takazzub, (v of ~35) Feigning a lie, inventing a
poetic fietion. Considering as false.
A 39 takib, (11 of ~35) Accusing of falsehood, giving
the lie. Being vain, foolish, idle, trifling, dilatory; leaving un
done what ought to be done. Failing (a camel's milk).
* K. takr, A fruit-tree. (CAstellus.)
Ay takrr, (11 of karra) Repeating, doing repeatedly,
again, anew. Repetition. Tautology. Altercation, contention.
P e-AJK, takrr kardan, To repeat. A Tikrr, Return.
A ~K. takarrub, (w of 5) Gathering dates called &\;.
A J takarbush, (II of UAA Q) Being wrinkled.
A takartub, (11 of 33 Q) Being turned upon.
A 5% takarsu-a, (II of Q) Being close and thick (hair).
A g takarruj, (v of *A) Being musty (bread).
A. t takarduh, (11 of c Q) Rolling. Reeling.
A J-98 takardus, (II of J-95 q) Being contracted, pressed.
A. rej takardum, (11 of 295 Q) Running in terror.
A_1 takarrur, (w of A karra) Being repeated, reiterated.
Returning oft. Repetition. Perseverance.
A takarsuf, (11 ofi 3) Being inserted, introduced.
A J% takarrush, (w of J%) Drawing up (the face). As
sembling, meeting together (men).
A 8.As takarrut, (v of &A) Eating sheeps' feet. Washing
and purifying before prayer. -
A v.4% takarfus, (II of J q) Being contracted, pressed.
3 K 2
 C-S 436 <3
A. % takuru-a, (11 of 3; Q) Foaming (a boiling pot). Being Az- taksir, (11 of ,-3) Breaking in pieces. Making and
bushy (the hair). declining (a noun) as a broken plural. Carrying (in arithme
A takarkur, (11 of 3) Being driven to and fro in the tic). Dividing so as to produce a fraction. Measuring (an area).
air. Applying sedulously to business. Flowing back (water). A i-S taks if, (11 of -3) Cutting in pieces.

A takarrum, (v of A)
Being honoured, magnified, glo-
rified. Being liberal, disdaining every thing base. Pretending
to generosity. Honour, glory, nobility, dignity. Liberality.
A & takrimat, A cushion placed for a man to do him honour.
P e-S Tiksin, Name of a Turkish wrestler.
P U.S takash, Grape-stones and other refuse after pressing
the wines. Name of a certain king.
* takashshuh, (v of $) Coition.
A A.

- A.J. K. Takrur, Name of a city in Egypt. A --G takashshu, (v of -i-S) Being uncovered, revealed.
P c takrnitan, (in anc. Pers.) To twist, to distort.
Illuminating the whole heavens (lightning).
P*s takrah, The rind, also the stone, of a grape.
A $2.3 takashshu-a, (v of ) Eating (meat) roasted dry,
*S takarruh, (v of **) Loathing, detesting.
A
Being filled. Being peeled, skinned, unbarked.
-s:- takarri, (w of 3) Sleeping.
A

tukarra' or takarra', A general, a leader.

A
** takshih, (11 of 2% Applying the cautery under the
A

~ * takrib, (11 of 3) Eating the dates called &\; short ribs. Peeling off (bark).
A

kurabat. Tying a short rope to the cross-bar (of a bucket).
A - Tikrit, Name of a city in Mesopotamia.
A -, Takris, Name of a city and fortress in Mesopotamia,
the birth-place of Salhu'd din (Saladin).
A t takrij, (11 of *A) Becoming mouldy (bread).
AAA's takrir, (11 of; karra) Repeating, reiterating. (Wind)
driving (the scattered clouds) into one cluster. Putting on
rustic trowsers. Repetition, reply, revisal, renewal. r 2K
e--- cllas takrir-i Khitb sakhtan, To revive a discourse.
J *::c 2K takrir-i tahd karuan, To renew a promise.
a Ls takris, (II of J not in use) Laying the foundation
A ** takshikh, (11 of **) Calling one a cuckold.
A --G taksh?f, (11 of ) Revealing, disclosing.
a Aa taka-ku, (11 of A Q) Sitting bolt upright at meals
from having the stomach overcharged.
A J takazzi, (v of 3.4%) Swelling (with fat).
A Ls takatbush, (11 of Ui- < 0) Being wrinkled.
A -& takatsub, (11 of ~< Q) Being round (a sack).
a K takatkut, (11 of << 0) Being timid, pusillanimous,
weak. Being checked, prohibited. Remaining behind.
- A JAS takazzul, (v of Ja) Adhering closely.
A Ja takaanush, (11 of U-3 Q) Plunging (into any

of a house (with a row of stones). Dedication. thing). Sticking fast in a net (a bird).
A L takrish, (11 of U%) Frowning, knitting the brows. A taktib, (11 of ~3) Having swelling breasts (a

Dressing the tripe or paunch of an animal chewing the cud. young girl). Making (anything) of a cubic form.
A & K. takrishat, The stomach of a beast stuffed and dressed. A is 3 takaffu, (v of is kaffa) Holding in the palm of

A *A* takrzm, (11 of A) Honouring, revering. Behaving the hand. Asking with a stretched-out hand.
generously. Pouring rain (a cloud). Honour, respect, reve- A 3 & takafkuf, (11 of i $ 9) Going (from a place).
rence, salutation. A cushion placed for a man to do him honour. A J.G. takafful, (v of J$) Becoming security, giving caution
- takrmt, (pl. of *K, takrm), Reverences.
A for another, undertaking. Placing (anything) on a horse's loins,
& K takrih, (11 of 35) Rendering hateful, abominable.
A A33 takaffu-a, (v of US) wning in a stately manner,
e'e;& takaj-dn, (or &le;& takaj-dnah), The mem- without looking at the right or left.
P

brane which envelops the grape-stone. The lusk of the grape. J an (v of J%) Growing tall (a tree).
A

ru- takas, G& takas, j takaj, takuj, or takii) Grape- "... : A fe-3 H e. receiving.
II
stones and other refuse after pressing the vines. 2. - 7t, ( ) eaping up. doi

A C-3 takassuo, (V of J.-S.) Gaining. Studying to gain. Az takfir, G, of, ) Covering. : :

** taksar, A vessel (for keeping grapes). penance or paying a mulct as atonement). Being gu"
- alf" 5 th -

A 2-3 takassur, (w of ~3) Being broken, spent, debilitated. ---

Humbling one's self before another (putting the hand upon"

Carrying (figures in arithmetic). breast, and inclining the head), showing distant respect. Ac
-> >
-

cusing of impiety, calling an infidel. Making one an unbeliever.

A of U-5 kassa) Inconvenience, trouble.
takassus, (v ---- - - - - - - - -

r f 3 takask (or J-3 takasl), A grape-stone or husk. A.J.3 takfil, (11 of J.S) Maintaining, supporting, *
p J9 taksal, A mint. - ing. Giving to educate. Putting
-> c
giving manageme"
g trustin,, giving 9.
A J9 takassul, (v of J-5) Being indolent. Sickness. A. es takn, (11 of ej) Shrouding, dead). busing g
A u- takass?, (v of 3-5)
Being clothed, invested. a -& takak, (from t takka) Being weak in mind. Over
A l-G taks?, (ii of --9 Gaining. Causing to gain. powering (as wine). Cutting. Trampling. Tikak (pl. of
A * taksiyat, (11 of -9 Investing with a robe. & tikkat) Drawer-strings.
 US
p J takal (or J3 tagal), A wether-sheep. Takil or tikil,
A handsome, unbearded youth. A dolt. Disproportionate.
A eX& tukln, Trust, confidence (in God).
A & tukalat (and eX& tukaln), Trusting affairs to others,
and depending upon them.
A 2%takalluh, (v of 2%
Looking austere and grim. Flash
ing incessantly (lightning). Smiling, showing the teeth.
A Mtakallud, (v of A$) Being thick and hard.
A s takallut, (v of t) Being assembled. Opposition.
A 43 takallu, (v of -'s) Giving great application to some
arduous business. Being smitten with love, and wholly en
grossed by it. Dissembling. Extravagance, profusion. Incon
venience, trouble. Ceremony, dissimulation. r 3 bz
takalluf, Without inconvenience. 3.2 i takalluff bar
taraf, Waving ceremony.
A cl takallut, (pl. of -i takalluf) Troubles, incon
veniencies. Ceremonies, compliments. PU%Je.<-99 takallufat-i
darbr, Expending much. A J-y .<2\l takalluat-i rasm?y,
Ceremonious attentions, empty compliments. J-s --~\
takalluat-i majlis, The ceremonies of society, etiquette.
A & takliat, A laborious enterprise, a painful exertion.
r- s takallu-misij, Ceremonious.
A J takallul, (v of J$ kalla) Being crowned. Putting on
a crown. Being deserted by, or destitute of, relations. Gleam
ing (a thunder-cloud).
A & takallum, (w of
C) Speaking, talking. Conversation,
discourse. & To converse, to speak, to relate, to tell. and applying warm bandages to the affected part.
P
A L takmish, (II of U-5) Spurring, driving, impelling.
A% takallu-a, (v of "S) Expecting, waiting. Granting a A J takmil, (11 of J) Finishing, completing, perfect
delay. Asking for a delay. Taking upon credit; or paying a
part, and receiving a distant time for the full payment.
r & tuklah, Mad, insane. Name of one of the Atbaks
who reigned in Shirz.
AJ& takalli, (w of J%) Staying in the rear (of the army).
A& takli-at, (11 of WS) Moving to the bank of a river;
getting to shore, keeping a vessel in port (especially in stormy
weather). Detaining (a man). Proceeding towards or against.
Looking steadily at any person. Receiving part of a price, and
granting a delay for the remainder.
A --9 taklit, (ii of 43) Training dogs for the chace.
A 9.9 taklid, (11 of A$) Heaping, accumulating.
Aj, taklis, (11 of $) Collecting, assembling.
Av taklis, (11 of v.4%) Making an attack, impression or
assault. Losing courage, flying. Calcining. Plastering.
A -lg takli, (11 of L) Making ceremonies. Delegat
ing a trust of importance. Proposing to, or obliging another to
undertake any thing difficult. Laying on taxes. Offering. Ce
remony. The imposition ofa burthen. Trouble, difficulty, no
lestation, distress, inconvenience, annoyance. Ailment, affliction.
393 -i \G taklf watakalluf, Mutual ceremonies.
437 c
A.J taklil, (11 of JS kalla) Crowning. Being dispirited,
unable to do any thing. Proceeding, or striking, boldly. Going
away, deserting friends.
A. taklam, (11 of C) Wounding much. Speaking.
F_\ takmar (or 23 tukmar), An unfeathered arrow.
P & 29 tak-murgh, A bird's beak.
A J-3 takammush, (v ofU-) Hastening. Being wrinkled.
A & takamkum, (II of Q) Wrapping one's self (in a
garment). Putting on a round cap.
A J43 takammul, (v of Ja) Being entire, perfect, finished.
A & takmilat, (11 of Ja) Completing. Perfection.
A takammum, (v of * kamma) Being covered. Fainting.
A s takammun, (v of er) Lying in anbush, waylaying.
A 3-3 takammu-a, (w of V.S) Gathering mushrooms. Being
averse, loathing. Concealing, hiding from view (the earth).
r & tikmah, Anything curious and laboured, covered with
goid thread. Tukmah, A coat-button, a loop, an eyelet. &
es <-- tukma-ijayb kushdan, To unbutton the pocket.
A & takammuh, (v of 3.5) Being self-willed, departing (he)
knows not where. Wandering, roaming, rambling.
A J takamhul, (11 of J 0) Being collected, assembled.
A J takammz, (v of J) Being covered, armed. Over
whelming (as a sudden misfortune).
A -->< takmit, (11 of ~$) Tinging (a horse) of a dark
red colour, inclining to black or chesnut.
A 2-9 takmid, (11 of *S) Fomenting a distempered limb,
ing. Performing, satisfying. Excellence. ^j}) J **
battl takm?li'l law azim, After preparing the necessary things.
A. takmim, (11 of * kamma) Putting forth buds before
flowering (a tree). Putting on, or causing to wear, a round cap.
A e-19 takmin, (11 of s) Laying snares, waylaying.
P es takan (takin or ej tagin), A fruit-tree.
A U- takambush, (11 of U.S q) Being mixed (people).
AA.G takansur, (11 of A. Q)
Being thick, large, corpulent.
Having the hairs or feathers erect (a cat, or a bird) from fright.
P AG takand or takanid, An egg. A poultry-yard. A nest.
A v takannus, (v of U-3) Lurking in a cavern. Hiding
among foliage (a doe). Entering a tent (a man). Mounting
and riding in a camel's litter (a woman).
Aa takannuz, (w of A.S.) Annoying, teazing, vexing.
A 8-9 takannut, (v of **) Being contracted, shrunk. Be
ing kept closely chained (a prisoner). Connexion, dependance,
relationship, friendship. Commerce, correspondence.
A i-3 takannu, (v of -i.5) Surrounding, hedging in.
ru- tak-naas (for U.K. ex: tang-naas) Asthmatic.
A &G takannuh, (v of 4.5) Arriving at the summit, boundary,
or conclusion (of any thing).
 33 438 J
--

A takanni, (v of ) Being described by a word which A U".39 takwis, (11 of U-3) Throwing down, causing to
has properly another meaning.
See also the next. fall upon the head, precipitating head foremost into the fire.
A t takwit, (11 of &#) Wounding, with a sword, so as
A 3.9 takniyat, (11 of Making use of the rhetorical
figure, metonymy (by which the matter is put for the materiate, to distort the extremity of the elbow.
as, he died by steel, i.e. by a sword). A-#59 takwi, (ii of 55) Cutting (leather). Writing the
A U-9 taknis, (II of Je) Moving the nose sneeringly. letter - kaf. Going to Ka (a city of Chaldea).
A t taknit, (11 of t) Contracting. Maiming, by dis A *:::: takwim, (11 of 25) Accumulating, heaping up.
jointing or mutilating (the hand). Deviating. A J.3% takwin, (11 of J%) Giving a being or beginning to,
A i.G. takni, (11 of -i-S) Surrounding, fencing. causing to exist. Establishing. The book of Genesis. : Js.
Aer taknin, (II of e kanna) Covering. Preserving. c khalk wa takwin, The creation of the world.
Screening (from the sun). Concealing in one's bosom (knowledge). P & takah, A goat that leads the flock. A goat-skin gar
P33 taki, Bruised wheat or barley. Cakes baked with butter. | * A single volume. Dry cow-dung used for fuel. A
P +5: 5 & 3 tak opy, Run! search! Enquiry. crawfish. A plume, crest, tuft. An arrow. Takah (or &
tagah), The drawing string of the trowsers or long drawers.
P Jz j 2 - 3 tak o tz namizdan, To strive, to struggle. Tikah, A glutton. A mouthful, a piece. & & tikah tikah,
To resist. To endeavour. To search diligently.
A 5%; takawsur, (II of; Q) Being plentiful, stifling (dust). Piecemeal. Tikkah, The string of the drawers. An arrow
33 takawwuz, (v of 35) Putting on a girdle.
A
without a point. A little hill, an eminence.
A -i; takahhu, (v of i not in use) Having caverns and
A-), f takawa'ur, (v of J2) Distilling,
g, dropping.
dropping Bein g
grottoes (a mountain).
thrown down, dejected, confounded. Setting about any thing. A cstakahhun, (v ofe) Predicting, presaging. Divination.
Aj% takaw wuz, (v of 55) Being collected, assembled. A cour, takahhunat, (pl. of e takahhun) Divinations.
pj;3 takij, A grape-stone. A & tak-hid, (11 of A) Ordering to make haste.
Ls takaww.us, (v of J-3) Being inverted.
A
A er tak-h2n, (v ofe) Soothsaying, foretelling.
A 83% takawwut,
(v of & 3) Being distorted in the wrist. P J taki, A race.
A 59 takawwuf (v of 5%) Being round (a heap of sand . p J takidan, To run to and fro. To rock an infant.
or a crowd of people). Going towards (sand). Being one of rj takzz (or #3 takij) A grape-stone.
Kfa in Chaldea, resembling or calling one's self a native of Kufa. Au- takayyus, (v of J-4) Showing sagacity or cunning.
P % takuk (or % taluk), A cup made in the form of P 6-3 takisah, Saddle-bags.
an animal. Glass. Tukuk, Any earthen vessel. A large par A i.G takayyu, (v of J.S.) Being described, defined, a
lour. A butt for shooting at with arrows. High. Large. to form and quality. Disgracing, affronting, blaming.
Weak in intellect. Hidden, concealed. a J.G. takayyul, (v of J.S.) Standing in the rear.
A % tukiik, (from & takka) Being out of one's senses. re takin, A lady, matron, married woman. A grape
Inebriating (wine). Cutting. Trampling, bruising with the feet. stone. Brave, warlike. Lower, inferior. Name of a king.
A J;& takawwul, (v of J;) Being assembled (against any
p 4.3 takyah, A place of repose. An alcove. An elbow
one). Overwhelming with blows or reproaches. chair. A pillow. Any thing upon which one leans. A prop.
A ej takaw wun, (V ofe;) Being, becoming. Being moved. The reserve of an army. A monastery, a convent. Jj &
A s takawwuh, (v of *::) Being divided, dilated, extended.
takyah zadan, To recline, to lean. To rest.
P takawi, Thin cakes. Curly hair. Pyle 4.3 takyah-dr, A monk. A dervish.
A takaww.i, (V of -) Entering, or squeezing one's self
r & takyah-kalm (or & e- sakhun-takyah), A
into a narrow place. Drawing close (husband and wife for re cant word introduced into conversation without any meaning.
ciprocal warmth). Being burnt, cauterized. P s.3 takyah-gh, A resting-place. A sofa.
A -3% takwib, (II of 5) Braying with the stone ihr.
P C-c 3.3 takya-i mas?hi, A Christian monastery.
A &:9 takwh, (11 of c3) Conquering. Repelling. "J- & takyah-nishin, Sitting in a monastery (i.e. "
A takwid, (II of 25) Accumulating, heaping up. monk or dervish who never goes abroad).
A&;& takwiz, The being girded round the middle of the a c-:3 takyit, (11 of ~$) Filling (a purse), stuffing (a
body. A stab made in the groin. A sound whipping. sack). Facilitating. Preparing, expediting (furniture).
A 2;& takzoir, (11 of 23%) (God) ordering (darkness) to suc Avr takyis, (11 of J) Making sharp, clever, shrewd.
ceed (the day). Throwing one down, and piercing him with a a i takyi, (11 of -i-S) Describing by a certain quality
spear. Wrapping the cidaris or sash round the head in a spiral or form. Cutting into several parts.
form. Heaping goods together and tying them in bales. A J-3 takyil, (11 of J) Being timid, pusillanimous.
 \;
p > 3 tag, Bottom. Depth. The surface of the earth. Cries
for help. A race. A date. Swift of foot. .* tag-i
dary, The bottom of the sea.
P ~% tag-b (or 3 tag-aw), Verdant patches of ground
from which the water has retired. A flaggon with a spout. A
tunnel. Enmity, strife. Name of a note in music. Name of a
village dependant on < Ganjah.
P2% tag-awar, A running-horse.
Puj & tag-bun, A shallow well.
rj tag-tz, Running. Searching, seeking.
Py <& tag-daw, Running about on business, or in search of
employment. Enquiry, search. Fatigue.
PA. tagarr, A spider's web.
r tagark, Hail, storm, tempest. e To hail.
r & tagrag, The foundation of a wall.
: A troop of soldiers. Tigil, A handsome beard
less youth. A patch to put on a garment.
P J tagalti (or ;4% tagaltu), Dorsers, pack-saddles, pan
nels, saddle-cloths.
P2% tugmar, An arrow with a wooden head.
F tagu, Hair. Curly hair.
Pe Tagin, Name of a wrestler.
r J tal, A heap. A hill. A beardless youth.
P J tul, A tailor's bag for needles, thread, and thimble.
AJS tall, A little hill, a heap of sand. A sort of garment.
A. J Tall bshir, Name of a fortress near Aleppo. JJ
J- Tallus sultn, Name of a place near Aleppo. JJ
4:34) Tallus sfiyah, Name of a fortress in Palestine. J
**!" Tallul tayziyah, Name of a hill near Ptolemais. JJ
ex~ Tall hamdn, Name of a fortress in Syria. N J
Tall khlid, Name of a fortress near Aleppo. ex:y:z J Tall
mrn, Name of a place in Yaman.
*A* tal (for 35 talawa), (fut. * yatl) He followed.
p's tala, Poor, miserable. A cobbler's awl.
A \, tal-a, A treaty. Protection, a guard.
A tala-um, (v1 of *") Returning a favour.
* ~); tilb or talb, Poured out as water. A pond.
A -li talbb, (vi of e-J labba) Collaring one another.
rej talabndan, (trans, of Jk talabidan, q.v.)
r & talbah (or s talawah), Scouts, spies.
A -j talbib, (pl. -** talbb) Collars of garments.
A *: tula-bibat, A well-ordered thing.
Pe talbidan, To cackle (a hen); to cry (a boy). To
be beat.
*s tallitu (or taltf), Dirty, nasty. Sordid,
worldly. Any thing legally impure. Clamour, riot, noise.
A Jj taltil, Necks. (pl. of &ly taltalat) Misfortunes.
re; talitn, Abstinent, clean, pure. -
P g taljor tilj, A noise, a tumult, a shout.
A ck talahh, (pl. of 2 lahha) Striving, emulating.
439 \;
Aj-k; talhuz, (v1 of;2) Vying
in reciting verses. Con
tending clamorously. Upsetting one another (people in a mob).
Ala-li talhuz, (v1 of as) Looking back at one another.
A c- talahuk, (v1 of 3-) Following successively.
A $2-9 talhuk, (v1 of <<) Sticking close together.
A e-k talahi, (v1 of J) Disputing, mutually blaming.
Pe Tald, Name of a large city bordering on China.
A Q tild, Born in another country, and educated in Arabia,
Hereditary wealth.
A s tildiy, Vernacular, domestic.
P J Talas or Tilas, Name of a city in Turkistan.
P Lk talsh, Dispersion. Search, enquiry. Study.
rej; Talshn, Name of a grove in Ispahn.
A Jk talsh, (v1 of J) Vanishing, being annihilated.
Pe-k talashidan, To be scattered. To perish. To search.
A ck talasuk, (v1 of cal) Being contiguous (buildings).
A -j taltus, (v1 of ) Dashing (waves). Clapping
(hands).
A i talatu, (v1 of-il) Shewing favour. Benevolence.
A talatum, (v1 of *) Fighting, buffetting. z) .*
talatum-i amwaj, The dashing of the waves,
A -ek, talaub, (v1 of -*) Playing often, trifling.
A ejek, talzun, (v1 of ej) Cursing one another. Being im
pudent, indecent (amongst themselves). -
A Talgh, Name of a town in Africa.
Pe tallitin, One who extols himself.
A G talfuk, (v1 of J) Touching. Finding. Taking.
Composing differences. Being reconciled.
P 3% talifi, A kingdom. (CASTELLUs.)
A talaz, (v1 of :) Obtaining, trying to obtain; disco
vering a remedy. Amending one's ways. Compensation, amends.
A i talf. Luxuriant herbage entangled together.
P J talak, Long drawers. Pecten. Tilak, A caruncle.
A J talk, Meeting, intercourse.
A J-k' talakus, (v1 of v) Calling bad names.
A J talaki, (v1 of J) Meeting each other. Encounter
ing in battle. A meeting, a re-union, an interview. Jk." ^:
gawmu't talki, The day of judgment. -
A cli tallk (for ce dullak), A bagnio-boy.
a 5%; talakuz, (v1 of 5-9) Fighting.
P J tallal (for Je dalll), A crier; a broker. A sycophant.
A Jj tall, (pl. of J tall) Erring. Tilil, Hills. Coasts.
p}; tall, Echo.
A ); tallat, An error.
A l tala-lu-a, (11 of Q) Flashing, gleaming (lightning).
A talam, (contraction of 3-4 talmix) Scholars. Tilam,
(pl. of 4. tilam) Boys.Servants. Husbandmen. Goldsmiths.
Tubes through which the air passes. ." umm-i tilam, Fever.

 3 440
A c tala-um, (v of *") Being feathered (an arrow). Being
restored to favour.
A ck, talamm, (VI of lamma) Assembling together.
A $3.5 talamisat (and & talmz), (pl. of &as talmis)
Scholars, pupils, disciples, students.
p J talan, Prey, spoil.
A J talan (for J) al an), Now.
P * talnaj or talanj, Vociferation, clamour.
A s talawat (from 39), Reading, meditating. Buying a
colt. Tulawat, A balance of debt, a remainder of any thing.
A t talawum, (v1 of ) Mutual accusation.
A -s talawi, (v1 of ) Agreeing, being of accord.
P es talaw?dan, To drop. Tilawdan, To think.
A G- talah?, (v1 of 33) Playing, beguiling the time.
A J- talyus, (v1 of U-4) Being of an excellent disposition.
Being indulgent, merciful, overlooking faults.
A J tal-il, Hard or severe things.
P & talyah, (equivalent to & talbah) Spies, scouts.
P J* talyzdan, To drop, to distil. To hollow out.
A 4. talb, Loss, damage, destruction. " . 4 * tabban
lahu wa talban, May perdition overtake him
p\!j tallii, (in ancient Persian) Fat, grease, tallow.
A talabbub, (w of ~! labba) Tucking up the garments.
Girdig one's self round the middle.
A t talabbus, (v of --~!) Delaying. Pause, delay.
A 3.5 talabbud, (v of A.) Stopping, standing. Adhering to
the ground. Sitting (as a bird upon eggs). Lurking (to seize
prey). Being struck (by falling drops). Being overflowed (by
rain). Being accumulated. Being heaped or clotted together
(leaves or hair). Being leafy (trees).
A. v talabbus, (v of U) Being covered; cloathing one's
self. Being engaged (in business). Sticking to the hands (fat,
grease).
A la's talabbut, (v of |al) Running. Being agitated, af
flicted. Lying down, rolling on the ground. Tending, going
on, turning towards. Being astonished, confounded.
A talabbuk, (w of <<!) Being confused, intricate.
A e talabbun, (v of Jr.) Delaying, deferring.
p & talbah, A wallet, saddle-bags. (CAstellus.)
A -- talbib, (11 of ~! labba) Collaring. Containing a
kernel (a berry). The collar of a garment. See also ey.
A 3.5 talbi-at, (11 of 4) Having beastings in her udder (a
ewe). Acquitting one's self of the obligation of going on pil
grimage (to Mecca).
A 3-5 talliyat, (11 of J) Saying, What is your command?
Here I am. Going a pilgrim (to Mecca). Staying in a place.
A ~~~ talbis, (11 of l) Delaying, retarding.
A ** talbah, (11 of) Growing old (man).
A * talbikh, (11 of t) Perfuming with musk.
t
A ** talbid, (11 of x.) Covering the ground thick (dew).
Putting any glutinous substance upon the head to prevent the
hair from flowing about. Mending, patching. Quieting.
A U-4 talbis, (11 of U-4) Covering. Concealing (the truth,
the faults of goods on sale, &c.), cheating, deceiving. Failing
in proving one's allegations. Mixing. Misrepresentation. Fraud,
fallacy, imposture. Mixture, confusion. A knave. , v
J talbis kardan, To adulterate, to falsify, to corrupt.
A Jr." talbik, (11 of J.') Softening (paste with soup).
A talbak, (11 of 3) Mixing (wheat with honey).
A J talbin, (11 of c) Making bricks and burning them.
Transacting any business undertaken fron generous motives.
A & talbinat, Soup made from bran, milk, and honey.
r & talbinah, Milk-pottage.
A 3.5 tallat and tillat, State, condition. A reclining on the
side. Indolence. Tullat, A draught. A reclining on one side.
A t: talattukh, (v of 3) Being stained, contaminated.
P & Kj tallak, A crucible.
A & tallalat (from J Q), Moving, shaking, agitating.
Movement, agitation. A hard disagreeable trot, or other pace.
Hardship, adversity. A cup made of the palm-tree.
A -j talustus, (11 of ~ 0) Wavering, being incon
stant. Being thrown down or rolled in the dust, or the sand.
A talassum, (v of ) Kissing. Weiling the mouth.
a c, talsik, (11 of cl) Moistening, bedeving. Spoiling.
A ** takim, (ii of ~) Kissing.
P * talj or talaj, A scorpion's nest. An herb.
A * tulaj, An eaglet.
* talajuj, (v ofg laija) Wishing to claim for
A one's self.
A is, talaju, (v of is) Digging or being dug (a well).
** talajluj, (11 of 2-s) Being agitated. Hesitating,
staminering.
Rolling aboliwhat is in the mouth.
A * talajum, (v of **) Bridling (a horse). Tying on 4
menstrucus cloth.
A s talajun, (v of s
Washing, yet not cleaning (the
head). Feeding (camels) with leaves of trees mixed with meal,
barley, and date-stones. Being viscous (plants).
A -* taljb, (11 of -:) Being quite dry (a ewe).
A ** falji-at, (11 of t) Forcing against the will.
A ** taljij, (11 of g laja) Launching into, sailing thrug"
the mighty deep (a ship).
A i talji, (11 ofis) Digging in the sides of a well,
A -* taljm, (11 of **) Coming up to the mouth (water).
Bridling. Burning the mark of a bridle (on a horse).
A e- taljin, (11 of s Feeding (camels) with jeayes,
 441
mixed with meal, barley, and date-stones.
Striking (mallows)
in order to thicken (them).
-
a;4 talahhuz, (w of;-) Being awaricious, narrow-minded,
importunate. Retiring, staying behind. Preparing one's self
for. The wate ring of the mouth (from desire, or any thing acid).
wa." talahhuz, Anguish, affliction, toil.
A i talahhuf, (yof i) Taking, or making up, a sheet.
A 34. talahhuk, (v of 3-) Following one another in a con
tinued line (camels).
A * talahluh, (II of 2* Q) Remaining fixed in one place.
( ..
r;? talkh-g, Harsh, keen, sharp, sarcastic.
P zy- :-- talkh-mizraj, Ill-tempered, splenetic, peevish.
P u s talkh-nk, Very bitter. Bitterly.
* L 2.
talkh o tursh, The bitters and sours (of life).
r & talkhah, Bile, gall. Bitter, stiptic food.
re. talkh?, Bitterness. Oppression. Endive.
P s- J talkhi-chashidah, One who has tasted sorrow.
A Lars talkhis, An explanation, declaration, a report or ab
--

stract of state affairs presented to the king by referendaries.

*A* talahhi, (v of J
Letting part of the sash of the
turban hang over the shoulder (as ornamental).
-
*** talhij, (11 of * Involving, confusing, not making
sufficiently clear what you mean.
A ** talhid, (11 of **) Burying (the dead).
grave, preparing a tomb.
Ave. talhis, (11 of J-) Asking straitly, seeking news.
Detailing one thing after another. Making (a place) narrow.
a ** talhiz, A mark burnt under the eye of a sheep.
A i.e." talhf, (11 of i) Sweeping the ground pompously
re J- talkhis kardan, To report to the king.
P * talkhinah, Milk soured, coagulated, and dried.
A J tuld, An eaglet.
Talad, Born in foreign parts, but
brought up at home (as slaves among the Arabians).
Tulad,
Digging a Hereditary wealth.
e M. tulud or tuld, A pimple. A knob, a bump.
A 'A'; tildagh, (from **) Stinging, biting.
A exj taladdud, (v of N ladda) Looking right and left; delay.
A As taladdum, (v of **) Tearing (a garment). Mending
(a garment). Interpolating, inserting.
A e taladdun, (v of JA) Delaying, tarrying at.

with the train. A &A's taldid, (11 of a ladda) Scattering, dissipating.

A e--" talhin, (11 of s Speaking badly, pronouncing the Au-A- talds, (11 of L-4) Shoeing (a camel) for hard
vowels with impropriety. Speaking melodiously, reading with ground. Mending, patching (shoes or slippers).
A ** taldim, (11 of **) Mending (a garment).
a sweet tone of voice. Accusing one of error.
P * talkh, Bitter. Acrimonious, malicious. Sad. Bitterly. A c- taldin, (11 of e) Moistening (cloth). Making (a
spear) limber.
r (s talkh, Grain, parched and pulverized, and after
A S35 talussus, (v of 3 lazza) Taking pleasure. Delight.
wards mixed up with water into paste. A t's talazzu, (v of **) Walking elegantly and expedi
*-** talkh-ab, Bitter water. Salt-water. tiously. Looking right and left.
'' talk-artij, A live coal. (Burhn-i kli A z} talaszuj, (v of z}) Being ductile, limber. Being

* all-ir, wild, unwholesome fruit. viscous (plants). Remaining dirty after being washed (the head).
A ** talazzukh, Secretion of spittle from eating sour fruit.
re:- * talkh-jh'an, Poison. Death. (Burhn-i ktie.)
s talkh-chukg, Wild succory. Aj, talazzu-a, (v of }) Being filled.
P
Aj tal:7b, (11 of ~P) Adhering firmly.
Being firm,
"J- * talkh-kh'n, The gall-bladder. fixed. Being involved, confu sed. Stinging (a scorp ion).
P &\e * talkh-danah, Darnel, tares. A&#3 tal:i-at, (11 of 5) Giving. Feeding (camels) well.
A}} tal:72, (11 of; lazza) Giving astrong constitution (God).
* talkh-r, Morose, crabbed, sullen. .
*>y A Jj tal:7k, (11 of J}) Joining, glueing, soldering.

** all-gy, one whole life is greatly imbuered. P & K-15 tilisk (or c-l tilisg), A small bunch of grapes.
* <s talkhak, The colocynth, or bitter purging apple. A e- talassun, e-) Being lent (a camel's colt) that
(v of
*ive. Name of a favourite of Sultn Mahmud. the camel may give milk plent ifully. Being acrid, pricked (wine).
P S *
talkh-km, Having a bitter taste in the mouth. Dis A J-3 tulsi, Sweet basil.
J- tals in, (11 of e-) Making a tongue or latchet.
-

A
appointed, baulked. J c To make the palate bitter.
A 3-5 talshiyat, (11 of c) Annihilating, abolishing.
- P J' * talkh-kami, Bitterness of taste. Disappointment.
A Jaa talassus, (v of J- lassa) Robbing, plundering.
A J.--> tals is, (11 of J- lassa) Plastering, cementing.
*** talkh-guftar, One who employs bitter words. A * talattukh, (w of) Being contaminated, defiled.
3 L
 442
Aaj talattut, (v of a latta) Denying a debt legally due.
A t: tiltia, (Camels) toothless from age.
A sas talattut, (vof t) Being toothless, from age (camels).
A ilaj talattu, (v of -la) Favouring, shewing kindness.
Blandishment, favour, obligingness.
A "slaj talattuan, (p &\;=\; talattuanah) By favour.
A +\aj talattuft, (pl. of -la. talattuf) Caresses, favours.
A slal talattum, (v of Alal) Apostatizing from the faith.
a Jas talattz, (v of Ja) Waiting for (an enemy). Taking
advantage of the negligence of others.
A i.e. taltf, (11 of ila) Caressing, comforting.
A * taltim, (11 of *) Buffeting. Sealing (a letter).
A als talazluz, (11 of il Q) Turning or shaking the head
in a rage. Twisting, writhing (as a serpent).
A J talazzi, (v of J) Burning, flaming.
*A*- talata, (fut s Jatlatu) (The day) advanced.
A s talat, Length of neck. Talie, One who looks about, or
turns his head often. Full (vessel).
A taleab (from --~), Playing. Sport.
A --> tiltb (or &\x15 tiltabat), Given to play, sportive.
A 45 talataub, (v of --~) Playing, trifling, toying.
A 3.5 tal-ibat, Playing much, addicted to play.
A 3x15 taleat, High ground. Low ground. The higher de
clivity rising from a valley. A river flowing from a rising ground
into a valley. The channel of such a stream. ers !" 3--" "
J-4 J- la akhu illa min sayli taleat?, I have no apprehen
sion except from my own relations.
A xi talatsum, (11 of ** Q) Delaying, hesitating. Not
daring. Being deficient. Being patient, attentive.
A *** talatzum, (11 of *** q) Eating, devouring.
A J-45 talatus, (11 of J-4 not in use) Becoming difficult.
A s talataut, (11 of s- tata) Pulling buds off plants.
A is; talaegu, (v of -x) Preparing to leap in, on, over.
A s talaelut, (11 of s Q) Moving. Breaking (bones).
ng
Shini (as a vapo ur over the plain ). Being broken (a bone).
Writhing from hunger or thirst. Lolling the tongue from thirst
(a dog). Being weak (from sickness or fatigue).
A : talaelum, (11 of x! Q) Delaying, hesitating.
A J talai, (v of J) Concreting (honey). Pulling buds
off plants. Gathering the plant called &z) latiyat.
A --~~~ takib, (11 of -*) Flowing (saliva). Salivation.
Playing, sporting, jesting, joking, trifling.
A c talein, (11 of e) Cursing. Tormenting.
A 4, talaghghub, (v of ~3) Removing, driving away.
A Atly talaghghud, (v of As) Being enraged, indignant.
A i talaghghu, (v of -) Preparing to leap.
A ** talaghghum, (v of **) Anointing the parts round the
mouth (with perfumed unguents). Moving those parts (in speak
ing). Pronouncing, uttering any thing.
P Js talghan, Black clay or mud.
G
A ~4. talghib, (11 of -) Fatiguing, wearying out.
* is tulf, Repletion from eating grapes.
A-5 talaf, Ruin, destruction. Profusion, expense, prodi
gality, consumption. 2-) - J is talafu'l mali kha.
lafu'l tumri, The loss of riches is the prolongation of life.
A --> talaffut, (v of <!) Bending, turning away (the
face). Considering every circumstance.
A as talaffuz, (v of a) Pronunciation, articulation.
A s talaffue, (v of 8-8) Being covered with a cloak (man
or woman); with leaves (a tree); with grey hairs (the head).
A is talaffu, (v of -i laa) Wrapping one's self up (in a
garment). Being involved, enveloped, inwrapped.
A cl talaffuk, (v of J) Being joined.
rjl, talaf-kr, Prodigal, lavish; a spendthrift.
A ** talaffum, (v of **) Binding or covering the tip of the
nose or the mouth with a fillet or veil. Veiling the head.
P c talfan, Black mud.
A talfiz, (11 of As) Pronunciation, articulation.
A s talfie, (11 of t) Covering (the head). Eating
plentifully. Turning a wallet inside out.
A - tai, (11 of -i la) Involving, covering up.
Procuring (false witnesses). Giving a prompt reply.
A c- talfik, (11 of c) Collecting. Sewing together.
Dressing, adorning. Adulterating, falsifying.
A U-15 titk, (from J) Arriving at, meeting with, falling
upon, encountering. Reprehension. J! tilk an nri,
Towards the fire. eye min tilk nasihi, Of himself.
3-3 il
A tilikkm (or & cil, tilikkmat), One who swallows
large mouthsful.
A --~~ talakkub, (v of ~~) Assuming a surname or title.
A * talakkuh, (v of *) Accusing falsely. Making motions
with the hands whilst speaking. Spurning the male (a she-camel)
and thus intimating that she is pregnant, when she is not so.
A la talakkut, (v of laJ) Collecting every where. Gather
ing up (what is fallen on the ground).
A st talakkut, (v of s) Prating, babbling.
A -i, talakku, (vof-sil) Swallowing, devouring, snatch
ing greedily (like a starving wretch). Giving to swallow.
Acl, talakluk, (11 ofcl q) Being moved, agitated.
A ** talakkum, (y ofil) Quickly eating or swallowing (any
thing). The murmuring noise of a rapid stream.
A eji's talakkun, (v ofei) Being taught. Learning by heart,
A J talakki, (V of J) Accepting, receiving (by heredi
tary right). Arriving, meeting, encountering. Learning (from
any one). Conceiving (a woman). Reprehending.
A -- talkib, (11 of -J) Giving a surname or title,
A 4-ij talkiyat, (11 of ) Giving a pain in the face. Throw
ing (one thing into another), adding. Administering (an oath).
A --> talkis, (11 of ~) Mixing. Mixture.
 c 443
A.A.'s
Q:
talkih, (11 of a") Making the female palm fruitful by
sprinkling the male flowers.
A -i, talki, (ii of iil) Swallowing. Causing to swal
low, giving a mouthful of meat. Raising and throwing the feet
forward (a horse).
Ail talkim, (II of il) Causing to swallow.
Aer talkin, (11 of J) Instructing, informing.
P & talk, Gold leaf. A kind of silken stuff. (for * talkh),
Bitter. Tilk, A bean. Green ginger. Tulk, A bean. Talak,
One whose hair and beard have fallen off. A man with large
mustaches (Burhn-i ktie). A mark for arrows. Tilak, A
shoe. The medlar-tree. A sleeveless garment. A gown.
A t tilka, (fem. of ~33 zalika) She. That.
A 44; talakkud, (v of X.) Being embraced. Being joined,
firm, compact. Being fleshy, thick, plump, fat, gross.
A talakku-a, (v of ") Stopping, delaying. Desisting, de
serting. Being sickly, ailing.
A J talal, Moisture. Tulul, (pl. of J.J tall), Necks.
A. talam, A trench, a furrow (in corn-fields). Tilam, A boy,
a servant; a ploughman. A goldsmith. A long tube, an air-pipe.
A v, tilimmz, Inconstant in love or friendship.
A * talammuj, (v of *)Eating breakfast, taking a little
before dinner, tasting. Licking the corners of the mouth.
A * talammukh, (w of a") Speaking obscenely.
Aj's talammuz, Haste in walking.
Au- talammus, (v of U-4) Asking repeatedly.
Ae-j Tilimsn, The metropolis of Morocco.
Aal talammuz, (v of A.) Rolling the tongue about the
mouth after eating. Darting out the tongue, and moving it
swiftly (a serpent). -
As f talammuz, (w of t") Snatching, catching at.
A J talammuk, (w of cl) Tasting. Seizing.
A t talmak, A robust young man.
a cl talammuk, (v of cl) Tasting. Twisting his jaws
(a camel).
A.J.'s talammul, (v of J.J.) Tasting, trying.
A-J talammum, (v of ~ lamma) Being mended, restored.
re talmin, (in anc. Pers.) The nose, the snout, the beak.
Ajaj talammu-a, (v of w) Covering, concealing (as the
earth). Taking or laying by, any fragments (of meat) in a dish.
** talammi, (v of e') Fading, vanishing (colour).
A 6's talmih, (11 of 2") Indicating, showing.
a 3-5 talmix (or **), A scholar, a student. A disciple.
A Hls talmiz, (11 of a J) Giving to taste. Paying a debt.
a & tulunnat or talunnat, Delay. Anything necessary.
f sj talandah, Stuttering, stammering.
* <<! talnak, A crucible, a refiner's pot.
* <! talnag, A fruit resembling a peach. Tilang, Name
of a country in the Dak'han. Tiling, The beating of a tam
bourin. A small bunch of grapes. Tulang, Need, occasion.
Inclination, wish. Supplication.
P J talnag, Indigent. A supplicant. Tulnig, A beard
less youth. Shaved. Large, corpulent. Fearless. A murderer.
Tulungi, A sturdy beggar. One who sleeps in out-houses.
re- talangubin (or e- tarangubin) Manna.
P &J tulnah, A question. An act. Poverty. Want.
A J tulumni (from P J tulungi), Lazy. A drone.
P *-* talnisah, Dirt, rubbish from grinding. The sheath
of the date-flower. The flowers of the date-tree. Agitation.
r; talu, A briar, bramble. Tulu, The shaft of an arrow.
A 3.5 tilw, Consecutive. Any thing following another (as a
colt the dam). Thin, subtile. Taluw, Following without inter
mission, Tuluw (from 39), Following. Abandoning; withhold
ing assistance. Despising.
P sj, talwazah, A wooden house.
r-: talwsah, Commotion, astonishment.
A $2.3 tilizat, A kid straying from the flock. Lambs or kids
dropt before the rising of the star Canopus. (also fem. of35 tilw.)
A. <-> talaw wus, (v of 3) Being stained. Pollution.
*23. --> talaww.us-pazir, Dirty, soiled.
P tulud (from Aj), Being old (a possession), descending
by heritage. Stopping, sojourning (as a stranger, traveller).
P J talwis or talwus, A bud. Talus, A double pocket.
P 4-> talawsah, The sheath in which the date is enveloped.
A hatchet. Talwasah, Commotion. Percussion. A bud. Dirt,
rubbish from grinding. Tulusah, A scabbard. Unripe grain.
A J talaww.us, (v of Je;) Being twisted, inverted.
Ak; talawwut, (v of ) Committing an unnatural crime.
P taluk, A butt for shooting at. A drinking vessel made
in the shape of an animal.
A J} talul, Sluggish (beast of burden).
A talawicum, (v of ) Being slow, dilatory. Waiting.
rj, tulumbaz, A tambourin.
P ; talumah, The bud of a tree. The sheath enclosing
the date. Rubbish, chaff.
A ej talun (and &; talunat), Necessary business. Delay.
Changing co
A e; talawwun, (v of ex) Being coloured.
lour. Being adorned; distinguished. Being afflicted. Versatility.
A <-9; talaw wunat, (pl. ofe talawwun) Changes.
P ** ej talaww.un-tab, Capricious, whimsical, fretful.
P J-y- ej talawicun-mizj, Capriciousness, fretfulness.
P &; talunah, A blossom.
*; talawicuh, (v of **) Shining (the vapour called -
A
sarb). Being moved. Trembling, tottering, wavering.
A talaw.wi, (v of) Being bent, distorted; twisting one's
self. Being perverse, dissembling, evading. Being preferred.
A ~}} talwb, (11 of ) Mixing a perfume.
3 L 2
 444
A &; talwiyat, (11 of ) Twisting, bending, shaking the
head. Turning it away. Preferring.
A --> talwis, (11 of ~}) Befouling. Muddying (water).
A t: talwij, (11 of **) Being crooked (a road).
A *::: talwih, (11 of c:) Causing to change colour. Making
tawny, yellow, or fiery-coloured (as the sun, or fire). Making
the head white (hoariness). Shining in glistening garments or
with a sword. Pointing out. Making clear, demonstrating.
Giving (a child) any thing to eat (which it can hold in its hand).
A}}, talwaz, (11 of 33) Stuffing (dates or figs) with almonds.
A J-34 talwis, (11 of J) Eating pure honey, called lawas.
A &; talwik, (11 of J}) Preparing, preserving, or dressing
(meat) with butter. Being dressed soft as butter (meat).
. A ** talwin, (11 of *}) Reprehending, accusing. Writing
the letter J lim.
A c talwn, (11 ofe:) Colouring, adorning, distinguishing. caressed, cajoled. Being gentle, placid, benign.
Beginning to colour (dates). .
A 45 talah (from 45), Perishing. Being sad, distracted.
r & talah, A gin for catching birds. A tailor's goose; also
his instrument-case. Shambles. The steps of a stair, the round
of a ladder. A whetstone. Membrum virile. eye- &J talah
dadan, To lose. Tillah, Drawn gold.
. A -* talahhub, (v of 3) Burning, flaming.
A -** talahjum, (11 of - Q) Being greedy of, addicted to.
Lying open (a beaten road).
A ** talahzum, (11 of Q) Cutting off.
Eating.
A i taluhhu, (v of 3) Lamenting, regretting (any
thing neglected). Crying Ah! alas! Being agitated, grieved.
A c talahhuk, (v of c, Being of a dead white (linen).
A 2:3 talahhum, (v of ~) Devouring, gulping up.
A. c talahhun, (v of c) Breakfasting, taking a whet.
A z: taahwuj, (11 of r: Q) Dressing (meat) not enough.
A J talahicuk, (11 of J; Q) Speaking, acting carelessly.
A Js talahhi, (v of 3) Playing, sporting, unbending.
A --- talh?b, (11 of 4) Setting on fire, making blaze.
A & talhiyat, (11 of 3) Causing to love or delight in. In
ducing one to unbend the mind or take amusement (in order to
forget grief). Persuading to dismiss or let alone. Any thing by
which time is beguiled.
A. ** talhj, (11 of **)
Giving breakfast or a whet.
A s talhid, (11 of *}) Pushing away (in contempt).
A & talhis, (11 of &#) Striking (on the breast).
A i talhi, (11 of -i) Crying out in anguish Ah
A er talhin, (11 ofe?) Giving breakfast or a whet.
P J taly, A blackberry-bramble. A style or pen of irou or
bone. A whetstone. Poor. Tiz, Gold. Tulz, An artificer's
tool. A barber's case of instruments.
A j tay, A firm believer. Wealthy.
A J talla, (pl. of J.'s talil) Prostrate.
\.5
AJ tulla', A slaughtered sheep.
** talibar, A house for keeping silk-worms in.
A & taliyat, The remainder (of a debt).
A ~! talayyus, (v of ~! obsol.) Being bold, strenuous.
A s talid, Born in foreign parts and educated at home (as
slaves among the Arabians). Hereditary wealth.
A 34. talisat, A sack. A testicle. A basket.
r &15 talisah, A wallet, a scrip. A bud yet unblown. A
fine Persian carpet.
A t talyt. A handsome (man). (A neck) long and erect
A ** talayyugh, (v oft') Feigning to be foolish.
A & tal-fat, Any thing lost.
A J talil, Prostrate. The neck.
P es Taliman, Name of a hero of Iran.
A c talayyun, (v of J) Being softened, smoothed. Being
Aarj talyt, (11 of ) Joining, glueing.
A is taly; (ii of i.) Using (the palm-leaf).
A. ** tal-im, (11 of *") Mitigating, softening. Repairing,
amending. Bringing again into favour.
Aer c) Softening, smoothing. Cajoling,
taly in, (11 of
flattering, soothing, putting into good humour.
P a tam, A disease in the eye, the web or cataract on the pu
pil, which causes blindness. Darkness, obscurity. The cover
of a dish or pot. The tilt or awning of a boat. Tim, The herb
sumach, of two kinds, one for eating, the other for tanning. A
leathern bucket for drawing water. Tum, A kind of mill. A
roundish iron arrow-head.
* tamma, (fut. * Jatimmu) It was finished.
>k A
A * tamm (from * tamma), Being entire, complete, full,
finished. Completing. This word (or -k3) * tammal kitb,
The book is finished) is generally written at the end of a book,
similar to our Finis, or The End. -\s," - "...!" ex --9) *
tamma'l kitb bi eateni'l maliki'l wahhab, The book is finished,
with the assistance of (God) the munificent king. Tamm, (pl.
of e^ tumam or timam), Amulets of camel's hair. Timm, A
hoe, a spade, a mattock. Timm, tamm, or tumm, Perfection,
accomplishment, end, complement. &A, waladat-huli tint
min, She brought him forth in perfect time. -
A yu. tama-ur, (v1 of jus) Boasting among themselves.
A F tamatur, (v1 of Rs) Flying here and there (sparks of
fire). Being dispersed or scattered. Dragging one another.
A &V. tamatuh, (v1 of 4) Being very far asunder.
A es tarnatin, (pl. of e- timtn) Tent-strings.
A J tamsul, (v1 of Js) Convalescence. Equality.
A Jv tamasil, (pl. of J-J timsl) Pictures, images.
p z timj or tumj, Goat's leather. A purse.
A ** tamjud, (v1 of Ass) Contending for glory.
A s-v tamjut, (v1 of ss) Sneering, ridiculing; being
petulant, impudent, saucy; talking obscenely among themselves.
 3 445
A es tamjun, (v1 of e). Obscenity. See * -j.
A J-J tamhuk, (v1 of <<) Litigating, wrangling.
r 5-v tamkharah, Ajoke, a jest. Wit, humour.
A ** tamadukh, (v1 off-s) Iniquity, injustice.
Insolence,
rebellion. Weighing down, oppressing. Shrinking from.
A -* tamd, (v1 of s-c not in use) Perseverance. Pro
traction. cal) ** tamadl makm, A protracted stay.
PAs Tamar, Name of a city in Tabaristn.
AJas tammr, A date-seller.
Aj. tamrr, (v1 of, marra) Wrestling.
P *A* tamarakh, A species of grass.
A J tamarus, (v1 of U.P.) Being in commotion, dis
tracted among themselves, fighting, squabbling together.
A Js tamruz, (v1 of Jrx) Feigning a disease.
A w tamarun, The failing of a camel's milk.
A tamr, (v1 of re) Doubting (of any thing).
A s tumriy, A tree.
A MJs tamarid, (pl. of ,S timrd) Dove-cotes.
Aj, tamzz, (vi ofj mazza) Being wide apart.
A t tamazuh, (v1 of c >) Jesting together.
A J- tamss, (v1 of U-c massa) Touching one another.
A. * tamasuh, (v I of a-) Acting uprightly towards
each other. Joining hands on a bargain. Dealing together.
A * tamsukh, (v1 of a-) Efacing. Metamorphosing.
A-w tamasuk, (v1 of 8-9) Holding together. Re
pressing, containing one's self. Being able.
A J- tamas?, (v1 of us--") Being dissolved, falling in pieces
(a thing). Accidents, misfortunes.
A *-* tamasih, (pl. of c- timsh) Crocodiles.
Aw tamsh (for usv tamsh), (v1 of J.-e) Walking
abroad for recreation. An entertainment, a show, a theatrical
representation. Sport, amusement, pleasure.
*U: w tamsh-bn, A rake, an epicure, a whoremaster.
* Us: Ls tamasha-binz, Luxury, libertinism.
***w tamsh-gh, A place of amusement. A theatre,
Je Auz, The wonder of the world.
an amphitheatre.
A J tamsh uk, (v1 of G-c) Snatching from one another.
A J tamsh, (v) of g) Walking abroad.
A t tamsu, (v1 of ***) Fighting together.
tamzz, (v1 of c masza) Opposing, contending.
Aku.
A J tamkul, (v1 of J) Ducking one another.
AU- tamakus, (v1 of J) Bidding against each other.
A tw tamluk, (v1 of t...) Being able, having it in one's
power. Refraining from.
Aj, tamalu-a, (v1 of".) Mutually agreeing and aiding.
A <! tamlk, (pl. of tamlik) Effects, possessions.
tamm, Entire, perfect, complete, safe, untouched.
A
All. Whole. Finished, accomplished, performed. Completely,
"tally, absolutely, entirely. J ** tammu'l tiyr, Of full
<--->
weight. Puj, ** tamm-shudan, To be completed. To
die. A Tamam, timm, or tumam, (from * tamma) Being full,
complete, finished. Terminating. Tamm or timm, Conclu
sion, end, termination. &c * : * shay-un bi timnihi, The
entire thing. c- &A, waladat-huli timmin, She brought
him forth in perfect time. c 2.5 kamr-i timm, Full moon.
c .J. tayl-i timn, The longest night in the year. Timm,
The supplement of a hemistich in poetry. Tammam, A crew.
A * tamman (p &l tammnah), Wholly, entirely.
A 3.<\ tammat, (from tamma) Being complete; finishing.
End, completion, perfection. Remains, reversion, remainder.
A J tamni, Perfection. Cloth of gold-tissue.
A ** tamwut, (v) of exc) Feigning to be dead.
A s tamhat, (from & S) Being corrupted, smelling (meat).
P&suj tamahchah, Meat well dressed.
A t tamhuk, (wi of <<) Litigating.
A s tama-7, (v of "..) Being published (evil).
A * tama-7, (w of **) Being stretched (a skin).
** tamayuh,
A. (v1 of **) Staggering, reeling (a drunk
en man). Waving (the branches of a tree).
A 2'4' tamyur, (v1 of re) Being interrupted (friendship).
A s tamyut, (v. ofa-c) Being far distant, absent, retir
ing. Disturbing the friendship of others,
A Jv tamyul, (v1 of J-c) Inclining, leaning from side to
side in walking. Avoiding, shunning. Inflexion, declination.
A ** tam-im, (pl. of &a tamimat) Amulets, charms.
A & timmat and tummat, A charm against enchantments,
made of camels' hair. A present.
A -- tamt, Name of an uneatable herb.
A * tamtam, One who stutters, and pronounces with diffi
culty the letters * mim and ~ td.
A 3... tamtmat, A difficulty in pronouncing cre and * . -
A c-; tintn, The seams or sewings of a tent.
A t-s tamattut (w of S) Using, enjoying, reaping ad
vantage. Carrying away. Assisting at the solemnities of Mecca.
Sojourning (any where). Delight, pleasure.
A t tamattuk, (v of <<) Sipping (wine or water),
A. ~~ timtim or tumtum, The plant sumach.
P tumtum, The tail of the wild ox.
A &c., tamtamat (from ~ 0) Hesitating, pronouncing in
differently the letter c- ta; also the letter n 2//l.
A U-- tamatti, (v of Je) Drawing a bow-string.
A ** tamtie, (11 of **) Permitting freely to enjoy. Be
stowing, conferring, granting. Prolonging, extending.
A c- tamtn, (11 of c-c) Whipping (a bow) about with a
sinew, to strengthen it. Rubbing (a leathern bottle) over with
inspissated juice. Stuffing (hair) into the upper seams of a tent
to prevent them being rent by the pole. Promising to overtake
(any one) at a certain place.
 -

<3 446 _--

A c-; tamtin, (or es tamtn) A tent-string.
A Js tamsl, (11 of J-s) Propounding a parable. Com
parison, similitude. Timsal, An image, effigy, type, or exemplar.
*A* timsl-gar, A portrait-painter, a limner.
A Ji tamassul, (v of J) Assuming the form of. Resem
bling, imitating. Applying, or employing, a fable, or proverb.
A J-s tamsil, (11 of J) Making an example of (a homi
A c tamadduh, (v of c) Commending one's self, fishing
for applause. Praising. Swelling from satiety (a sheep's flanks).
A t tamaddukh, (v of t.") Retrograding (a camel). Be.
ing proud (a man). Being filled with fat (camels).
A Q-M3 tamaddud, (v of A. madda) Being extended. Yawn.
ing, stretching one's self. Walking with a self-important air.
A. & J tamadrut, (11 of & 29- Q) Putting on a coat of mail.

cide) by mutilating (him) in the nose, ears, lips, or extremities. A J-s tamaddul, (v of J...) Wiping one's self. Folding a
Describing accurately, giving a lively representation of. Liken fillet or sash (called J-c mindil) round the head.
ing, comparing, applying an allegory. Comparison, similitude, A ex^s tamaddun, (v of J.A.") Being assembled. Residing
resemblance. An allegory, a parable, a fable, an apologue. in a city. Abounding in comforts.
A -- tamsilt, (pl. of J tamsil) Examples, allegories. P 3A43 tamdah, A stammerer, a stutterer.
A As tamajjud, (v of As.) Being glorified. A 3.x t tamadduh, (w of 3-c) Boasting, courting applause.
A v-s tamajus, (v of L-s not in use) Embracing the A *** tamdij, (11 of *** not in use) Dilating. *

Persian religion of the Magi, or the worship of fire. A *** tamdzh, (11 of t.") Praising greatly.

A c tamaijun, (v of e) Talking at random. A.M.M. tamdid, (11 of ~ madda) Extending, lengthening,

A Q-s tamjid, (11 of Ass) Satiating, or nearly satiating A 2-way tamdir, (11 of jc) Covering with clay; cementing
(camels) with green pasture. Giving glory to, glorifying. the chinks of a bath, pond, or reservoir.
The glorification of God; hence the hymn or prayer that is pro
A cxa tamdin, (11 of J...) Building (cities).
nounced from the top of the minarets or towers of mosques an A t tamazzuh, (v of c) Rising, swelling. Sucking.
hour and a half before dawn. J A-s tamjd-waktz or A t tama-sukh, (v of 3.) Sucking. Affronting, jeer.
*** tamjid-zaman?, The hourof tamjid (i. e. when that ing. Walking against each other (a camel and a man).
hymn is repeated). AJ< tamazzur, (w of 93*) Being indisposed. Being scal
A U-s tamjis, (11 of v-s) Making one of the Magi. tered. Falling into its cheesy particles (milk), the serous par
a cs tamahhuk, (v of cs) Being effaced, abolished. ticles being separated. -

A cs" tamahhuk, (v of <<) Being morose, quarrelsome. A 2&t tamazkur, (11 of 3& Q) Stinking (water).
A Js tamahhul, (v of J&) Deceiving, betraying, laying
A 34 tamziyat, (11 of 53*) Sending (a horse) to pasture.
snares. Endeavouring to recover (a debt). A 23- tamzir, (11 of J&c) Scattering, strewing.
A 3-s tamhiyat, (11 of Uss) Erasing, defacing. r_j tamr or timr, A pearl in the eye. A flaw in a diamond.
A La: * tamhis, (11 of Jas) Proving, making an experi
ffit) Darkness, obscurity. Timur, Iron.
Timir, (s
ment. Choosing. Lessening, pulling the nerves out of meat.
A 2.5 tamr, A ripe date (of which there are seventy species).
A , ; s tamhik, (11 of G**) Erasing, effacing, destroying.
A e-s tamhin, (11 of cs) Taking off the bark or any A dry or preserved date. (from 25) Eating or giving away
thing similar. Smoothing (leather).
dates. rl)," tamru'l fahm, The Malacca bean. 24,
tamrul Hind, A tamarind. P) c- taynu't tamri, Name of a
A A* tamakhkhuj, (v of **) Shaking, agitating (water).
place near Kufa.
A . * tamakhkhukh, (v of:- makhkha) Extracting marrow. A <!-- tamarat, (pl. of 52s tamrat) Dates.

A 34 tamakhkhur, (w of A*) Catching the wind (as at sea), A , timrd, A dove-cote, a culver-house.

observing from what quarter it blows.
A Lik tamakhkhuz, (v of vis") Being agitated (milk) in
churning. Stirring (as a foetus). Conceiving (a camel).
A lag tamakhkhut, (v of las') Blowing the nose.
A, s tamakhkh, (v of J**) Being free, choice, excellent. stinate, disobedient, insolent. Continuing beardless beyond the
Abstaining, refraining from. An excuse, an apology.
A & tamkhiyat, (11 ofJs") Removing, carrying away.
P U-s tamkhisa, An ejaculation made on an emergency.
Name of one of the seven sleepers, in the cave near Ephesus.
A. as tamkhkh, (11 of * makhkha) Extracting marrow.
A z tamaddu, (v of z-- not in use) Being extended,
wide. Being full (a vessel). Ripening (a melon). Swelling.
A e). tumrn, (pl. of a tamr) Dates.
A 5A tamrat, One date. Lively spirits. Tamarat, A knot
upon a whip. Tummarat, Name of a bird smaller than a sparrow.
A 924 tamarrud, (v of 22.) Being refractory, stubborn, ob
usual time (a youth). Laying siege to Mardin (Timr).
4 r's tamarrudi, Sullen obstinacy, stubbornness.
A Lr tamarrus, (v of Lre) Rubbing one's self against
Devising mischief against (any one).
A Jer tamarrus, (v of Jero) Unbarking any thing.
A C*, * tamarruz, (v of J) Languishing. Being sickly.
A k-s tamarrut, (v of**) Dropping off (hair).

j 447
A t tamarrut, (v of 2.) Hastening, walking fast. Being
moved, trembling with rage. Seeking for a cultivated place
full of green herbage.
A $2. tamarrugh, (w of r) Being tumbled. Tumbling or
rolling (as a horse upon the ground). Writhing one's self from
agony. Sliding (the foot). Remaining long at pasture. Ur
ging, pressing. Hurrying about (in business). Anointing one's
self with oil. Spitting or sputtering.
A 3/4 tamarruk, (v of Jr.) Coming forth. Plucking off
one's hair (in anger or in pain). Being plucked (hair).
p %2. tamirkazak, The word of God, the glorious Kurn,
A r tamarmur, (11 of, r o) Trembling, tottering.
Aeya tamarrun, (v of ey.) Behaving elegantly. Excelling.
Being self-important. Being accustomed.
A3, tamarru-a, (v of y) Showing, pretending to, humanity
or fortitude. Building reputation on the disparagement of others.
A 5A tamriy, Fond of dates.
A r tamarri, (v of re) Adorning, dressing one's self.
A t tamrih, (11 of tre) Filling (a leathern bottle) with
water, to close up the holes or stitches.
A t tamrikh, (11 of t r) Anointing (the body with oil).
A *, *, tamrid, (11 of 92.) Smoothing (a wall), making a
building regular. Stripping leaves from a branch. Making bare.
AA, tamrir, (11 of P. marra) Making bitter.
Avr, tamriz, (11 of Jr) Occasioning a disease. Weak
ening. Taking care of the sick. Being deficient (in business),
doing less than one ought. Winnowing (corn).
A*," tamrit, (11 of **) Pulling (hair) from off the body.
Making (a garment) with short sleeves.
A t tamrigh, (11 of & r) Allowing to wallow (a horse).
Rubbing (the face with dust).
A cr tamrik, (11 of Jr.) Singing (implying that of a fe
male slave, or person of mean rank).
A cz tamrin, (11 of cyc) Smoothing, softening (leather).
Looking sternly. Being accustomed. Striking on the ground.
P J tamzadan (for Jej), To keep a modest silence.
A_j^J tamazzur, (v of j) Sipping, sucking.
- A &t-s tamshiyat, (11 of Ust-c) Walking. Causing to walk.
Aj}^J tamazzuz, (v of 2 mazza) Sipping, sucking.
* {}^s tama-sut, (v of & P) Growling, grumbling, being
enraged. Being torn up, off, away. Dividing between.
A J tamazzuk, (v of Jr.) Being torn (cloth or garment).
Being burst (skin). Being disbanded (an army).
Aj, tama:muz, (11 of >> Q) Moving up and down. Being
driven here and there. Preparing (to rise).
Aej tamazzun, (v of ey.) Pretending to too much. Af.
fecting elegance. Deserving well of any one.
A &j tamziyat, (11 of -5) Bestowing praise.
Ags tamzzj, (11 of gs) Turning yellow (corn). Mixing.
A t tamzih, (11 of c5-) Putting forth its fruit (the vine).
Beginning to colour (grapes).
--
*.
y
restamzidan, To be silent. To be modest. (Castellus).
A 2A tamzir, (11 of 22.) Filling (a leathern bottle).
a *-ja tamsie, (11 of 82.) Dispersing. Teazing (cotton).
A cal tamzik, (11 of Jr.) Tearing, lacerating. Dissipating.
Acj, tamzin, (11 of ey.) Filling (a leathern bottle).
*** tamjah, A flat roof or platform.
A c- tamsah, A lie. A liar. Timsah, A crocodile.
A. 21. tamassuh, (v ofa-') Putting the hand into any thing
liquid. Rubbing one thing against another. Blessing another
for any excellence. Being poor, naked, and bare.
AA- tamaskhur, Ridicule, buffoonery.
a 48- tamassuk, (v of <<--) Holding. Striking the claws
into. Perfuming with mask. An obligation, bond, note of hand,
writing, instrument, receipt. P Jj K-J To produce
a written obligation. J-r- 2-t-stamassuk-ihzir-z
miny, A recognizance for personal appearance.
A c- tamassukt, (pl. of - tamassuk) Obligations.
A ex- tamaskun, (11 ofes Q) Growing poor.
A U-s tamassi, (v of us--) Falling into different pieces.
A 3-1 tamsiyat, (11 of 3-v) Saying, How do you do this
evening * or, I wish you a good evening.
A *~~ tamsih, (II of 2-) Putting the hand into a liquid.
A s-J tamsikh, Name of a prayer.
A -- tamsik, (II of -- ) Holding, keeping, preserv
ing. Withholding. Perfuming with musk. Giving earnest.
A \ timsh, A mode of walking; step, gait.
AJ-s tamashshur, (v of -c) Putting forth leaves and
branches. Becoming, or appearing to be, rich.
A U.S. tamashshush, (v of U.< mashsha) Gnawing the end
of a bone, and sucking out the marrow. -
A 8-2-5 tamashshut, (v of 832) Removing filth from one.
A G-; tamashshuk, (v of C-c) Being torn; retiring (night).
A J- tamashsh?, (v of s-s) Exhilarating (wine). Escap
ing the notice of, lying hid (any thing).
Having any one for a companion. Furthering (business). Pro
motion, preferment, advancement.
Aje tamshir, (11 of ,--) Shooting forth branches or leaves.
Dividing (any thing). Covering, clothing one's self.
A Lt-e tamshish, (11 of U-c mashsha) Taking out marrow.
A lar-s tamshit, (11 of a--) Combing.
A s- tamsht; (ii of 832) Emptying a dish, by eating.
A --: tamshigh, (11 of 8--) Tarnishing (the reputatiou
of another). Staining, dyeing with reddle.
A C*-* tamshik, (11 of C-o) Tinging with vermilion.
A J tamshil, (11 of J) Giving little milk (a camel).
A c- tamshin, (11 of c-c) Giving milk unwillingly.
P & J Tamshyah, Name of a city in Irn. -
 s 448
Az- tamassukh, (w of **) Stripping the leaves off the
plant called * summ.
A ra, tamassur, (v of ra.) Milking by little and little.
A U-24J tamassus, (v of U2, massa) Sucking, sipping.
Arra tamsir, (11 of ra.) Giving little milk. Founding
cities.
A sas tamsif., (11 of seas) Cutting green wood, and letting
it lie with the bark, which seasons, and prevents it from crack
ing. Causing to give little milk.
Aria tamazzur, (v of ric) Being inflamed, enraged.
A U44-ia, tamazmuz, (11 of L-i Q) Being oppressed with
sleep (the eye). Performing the sacred ablution of the mouth.
A Ji, tamazz7, (v of Ji) Being transmitted, penetrated.
A 24. tam:7r, (11 ofri) Afflicting. j) 3 &\\\ ric wn (12
zara 'llahu n nari, God tormented her in fire.
A Li-i, tamziz, (11 of Uic mazza) Drinking sour milk.
A -a, tamzigh, (11 of 8-is) Fighting fiercely with another.
AA- tamattur, (v of las) Raining. Exposing one's self to
the rain. Being carried with velocity. Going, passing by.
All-J tamattut, (v of a matta) Being diffusive in discourse,
using circumlocution. Becoming thick (water). Yawning.
Aclaa tamattuk, (w of Glas not in use) Tasting, licking.
Making a noise with the tongue against the palate.
A Lla, tamatmut, (11 of a lax Q, Being extended. Being
slow in speaking, or writing. Being thick, muddy (water).
A Ja tamatti, (V of **) Yawning. Stretching. Being
extended. Being long (the day). Walking with a haughty air.
A \al., tamtit, (11 of lac matta) Affronting. Extending.
A s tamazzu, (v of sas) Licking up all. Following a his eye upon his knee (a horse).
shadow from place to place. Remaining behind (in grazing). a 2%. tamk7r, (II of K.) Laying up corn against a scarcity.
A sla tamz78, (11 of ***) Softening a bow-string. Cutting a J.C. tamkis, (11 of U.K.) Bidding for goods. Collect
down green wood, and letting it lie with the bark, which seasons,
and prevents it from cracking. Anointing with oil or fat.
A 2.xx & tamaadud, (11 of ex~ Q) Being related to the tribe vesting with authority. Majesty, dignity, authority, P^*
of Axe Magadd. Aping their manners, adopting their costume. ex~ : s-,-\, arbb-i jh wa tamkin, Appointed" office
Going to a distance. Recovering health (a sick person). Grow
ing fat (a lean person). Waxing strong (a boy).
A 24 tamateur, (v of A.) Being changed (colour) from
anger. Flowing (dishevelled hair).
Ajaa tamateus, (v of js) Being contracted (brow). Being
furious or swift in career (a camel).
A Lax tamatus, (V of Lax-c) Aching (the bowels).
A lax' tamatut, (v of axic) Losing the hair (from sickness).
A C*- tamattuk, (w of Jc) Going deep or far into any
place. Being transported too far in speech.
A c- tamatauk, (v of ) Wallowing (a horse).
A tamaat?, (v of J) Stretching one's self, yawning.
Being divulged, propagated (any thing bad).
A r tamgir, (11 of A-c) Having no travelling necessaries.
A vi tama, (11 of Lix-c) Enraging, vexing, grieving.
A << tamgik, (11 of <<) Allowing to tumble or wallow.
r was tamgh, The royal insignia, a royal diploma or chaler.
The assayer's mark. An impression burnt upon the thigh (of a
horse). Tribute. A fine, a mulct. A wooden lock. An allow.
ance paid from the revenues as a largess to religious men, doc.
tors or professors of science.
Akakaj tamaghghut, (v of |ak...) Stretching out greatly the
fore-feet in running (a horse or camel).
A J tamaghghi, (V of s) Being soft (leather). In
venting any tale of another (good or bad).
rj}: j tamfz, The parts round the mouth.
A U-aj tamakkus, (v of U.S.) Being indisposed from eating,
A c, tamakkuk, (w of G-c makka) Sipping at several times.
Receiving a wound, but not sustaining any injury from it.
A U-23.5 tamkis, (11 of U.S.) Pouring out much (water).
A lazia tamkit, (11 of as) Throwing down.
A c, tamkik, (11 of Co makka) Stinting (domestics).
A c, tamk, (from t) Being long and high (a came
bunch); also being close-grained, and succulent.
A --& tamakkus, (v of ~&c.) Delaying. Being tedious
A K tamakkur, (w of K.) Being tinged with vermilion.
A c--: tamakkuk, (v of e - makka) Sucking the whole
(marrow from a bone). Being severe to a debtor, taking his all,
A es tamakkun, (v of e) Having in one's power. Pos
sessing authority. Taking up an abode, making a settlement
A 3.C. tamkanat, Power, authority, dignity.
A J tamak-hul, (11 of J- o) Taking a collyrium-box.
A J tamakk?, (w of X.) Being wet with sweat. Rubbing
ing tribute, imposts, or taxes.
A es tamkin, (11 of es) Establishing, confirming. In
and dignity. ex~ : J= J* ahl-i izz wa tamkin, Glorious
and majestic. P J ex~ tamkin kardan, To inhabit. T,
colonize. To empower. To strengthen. To fortify. J
ex~ gardian-tamkin, (equal to) Heaven in dignity.
Ja tamlk, (for G. tamalluk) Demonstration of love,
A
A 2~ tamalluh, (v of ) Saying t malih malih,
Well, well! go on 1 behold the end' (a cautionary threat).
A * tamallukh, (v of **) Tearing out, extracting.
Ajla, tamalluz, (v of 54.) Going along with another. Rid
ding one's self of another.
A U-44s tamallus, (v of U-L.) Being polished, laid bare:
A J44s tamallus, (v of J**) Escaping, getting free.
A * tamalut, (v of 4...) Being unfeathered (an arrow).
A $ tamallugh, (v of t obsolete) Feigning foolishness.
 **
--

-t- 449 ~3
A G tamalluk, (v of c) Making professions of love, excluded. Being inaccessible. Being strong, firm. Fortifying
blandishment. P e-A c To caress, to flatter, to make love. one's self. Difficulty in making one's self master of:
A t tamalluk, (v of-4-) Taking possession of; reigning. r = < tamang, The oxyacanth-tree. Power, force.
A Jas tamalul, (v of J malla) Tossing and tumbling in A c- tamannun, (v of cro manna) Debilitating, fatiguing.
bed (from heat or indisposition). Being swift, expeditious in A G-- tamann?, (v of Us) Wishing for. Reading (a book).
walking. Embracing a particular religion or sect. Interweaving with lies. Petition, request, supplication. Puzz
A Jala tamalmul, (11 of J- Q) Rolling about in bed. c tamann? kardan, To supplicate. -

A}~ tamallu-a, (v of "..) Being filled, satiated (with meat). A&s tamniyat, (11 of s-c) Causing to request.
Being glutted (with wealth). Swelling (with rage). A s tamnia, (11 of s-) Hindering, driving away.
a * tumluk, A species of wild olive. A ** tamazewuj, (v of z:-) Dashing, foaming (waves).

P J tamlul, Name of a wild pot-herb.

A Jas tamall, (v of;) Living long. Enjoying long (the

rel-x Tamudan, Turks.
AJ34 tumur, (pl. of z tamr) Dates.
society of a friend). Bearing long with patience, the errors of Av tamawteur, (V of J3-c) Waving (a tree shaken of the
another. Unloosing the fetters (of a camel). Inditing (a book). wind). Falling (wool or hair from the body). Causing to flow.
A & tamli-at, (II of".) Filling full. P e-J Timr Khn, Son of the Persian historian Mir

A & tamliyat, (II of 3...) Enjoying. Permitting to enjoy. khnd, whose works he abridged.
* ~ * tanit, A light load laid on the back of a beast of
burden, on which the rider sits. Half a load.
A tamlih, (II of) Over-salting (the pot). Producing
anything elegant (a poet). Being fit for killing (a camel).
A f tamlid, (11 of A.) Softening leather.
Ajlas tamliz, (11 of 2...) Setting at liberty, despatching.
Au- tamlis, (11 of J.J.") Smoothing, softening. Extri
cating one (from any difficult business).
Al-as tainlit, (11 of alc) Plastering a wall. Shaving. Re
Peating half a verse, which another finishes.
A castamlik, (11 of, le) Striking (with a stick). Plastering
and smoothing (a wall). Levelling (ground).
A <<!-stamlik, (11 of K.) Constituting possessor. Ap
pointing master or chief. Giving in perpetuity. Making a
king. Taking a wife. Following the dam (a full-grown colt).
Drying in the sun the wood of the tree & nabeat, from which
they make bows and arrows. Possession, hereditary property.
A Jl, tamlikiy, Possessory. Hereditary, special, private.
A&J tamlikiyat, Hereditary right.
* J famlil, (11 of Je malla) Causing one to make haste.
Making one restless in bed (any thing).
** *mam and timam, An amulet of camels' hair.
"cr" "an, A cloud. Tuman, Ten thousand. The sum
of five thousand aspers.
c "mann, Name of a place between Mecca and Madna.
A stamanna (for us tamann?), Wishing, asking for.
P&sia, tamanchah, A pistol.
"J'a-, *man-dr, The commander of a tuman.
A x tumury, Some person, any one.
Aj; tamz, Name of a Syrian month (July). Summer.
p tamk, A butt for archers. Broad-headed arrows
used in shooting at marks. An arrow difficult to be extracted.
A tumuk, (from ) Being high and broad (a ca
mel's bunch); also being full and juicy.
A J;" tamarcicul, (v of Jr.) Being rich, becoming rich.
A J tamatcl?, (11 of ,- Q, not in use) Making himself a
great man, pretending to be so, or looking like one.
* ex" (amatricum, (V of ex) Bestowing much on one's de
Pendants (as provisions and other necessaries). Employing.
* -x tamicz, (11 of c-c) Killing, putting to death.
A L tamics, (11 of Lex) Washing, or otherwise cleaning
clothes. Selling figs.
A J tamwil, (11 of Jr.) Enriching, making wealthy.
A * > tamic zh, (11 of 33 c) Making liquid. Overflowing land
with water. Fouring much into a pot (when cooking). Gild
ing or silvering (brass or iron). Adulterating, falsifying (intel
ligence). P & 5-S c Je Arguments without deceit or fallacy.
A & tamah, (from ) Being corrupted, smelling (as meat).
A * tamahhud, (v of Ac) Being broad and level (the back
of a camel). Being equal, even, easy (business or condition).
Labouring, earning. Having, or acquiring, power and ability.
Aj, tamahhur, (w of y) Being penetrating, ingenious.
A Le tamahhus, (v of U2:) Being plunged in water.
A & tamahhuk, (v of ) Drinking often (of wine).
A J tamahhul, (v of Ji-) Excelling, surpassing. Pro
ceeding slowly, being tedious in business. Asking a delay.
A tamahmuh, (11 of 3-4- 9) Abstaining, desisting.

**** tuman-dri, The command of a tuman.

A J-w tamandul, (11 of Je. Q) Using a towel.
****, tamandah, Hesitating in pronouncing ; f.
Aca-J tamantuk, (11 of Gla-- Q) Putting on a girdle.
*S* tamannus, (v of so) Being hindered, prohibited,
A &t tamhiyat, (11 of Us) Whetting (a cobbler's knife).
A * tamhid, (11 of &c.) Spreading equally (a bed). Mak
ing smooth or level; arranging, disposing, adjusting. Pleading
an excuse. Receiving an apology. Settlement, management,
confirmation; preliminary, Preamble, preface, introduction.
3 M
 \-3 450 \-5

A &\. tanajuh, (v1 of *) Having a dream verified.

A Laz, tamhis, (11 of Lat) Cleaning, whitening (a robe).
A Grs tamhik, (II of cs) Drinking much milk. A *u. tanajukh, (v1 of *) Mutual contention for glory.
A tamh?k, (II of <<) Pulverizing (aromatics). Being dashed against each other (the waves of the sea).
A Jj tamhil, (11 of J) Giving time, granting delay. Aj-\ tanajux, (VI of j) Fighting among themselves.
A --J tamayyus, (v of ~~~~) Being softened and cooled A U-\ tanjush, (v1 of U) Praising, or bidding for
by rain (ground). goods, in order to enhance the price to others.
A ** tamayyuh, (v of **) Walking pompously (a woman). A J-\ tanjul, (v1 of J) Disputing, fighting together,
A J-- tanj, (v1 of **) Communicating secrets to one
P & J tamid, Perpetual, continual. (CASTELLUs.)
A}^s tamayyuz, (v of js) Being separated. Being distin another, speaking privately together.
guished. Being discerned. Being broken. Bursting with rage. A --- tanahub, (v1 of -->) Fixing a time (for battle).
A U-5 tamayyus, (v of Lv) Walking flauntingly. A *- tanhud, (v1 of <) Entering into a treaty.
r & Tammishah, Name of a city in Irn, formerly the re A ,-U.5 tanhur, (v1 of ,-) Flying at one another's throats
sidence of Faridun. Name of a forest near the city of Amul. (in battle). Going out of the way. Being opposite (two houses).
A 8-J tamayyut, (v oft-s) Flowing. Being rendered fluent. Aj=-\. tanakhuz, (v1 of j) Stabbing one another.
p > -j tamig or timig, Name of a kind of bramble. A U.5 tandd, (v1 of Aj nadda) Being struck with horror,
A & J tumaylat, An animal like a cat found in Hijz. alarmed. Being dispersed, flying in disorder from one another.
A s tamim, Well-formed, solid, firm. Name of a tribe. A J-e- tandus, (v1 of U-23) Reviling one another,
(pl. of &J tamimat) Amulets. (HEB. D'bn) The Thummim. A ^*\- tandum, (v1 of **) Conversing familiarly.
A &t tamimat, An amulet or charm against witchcraft A seu tand, (v1 of s) Calling to one another. Sitting
(hung round the necks of children, the bridles of camels, &c.). together in council or conversation. ~\ , yawmu't tandi,
A Q-2-43 tamyls, (11 of G-c) Dissolving (in water). Dying. The day of calling upon one another, i. e. The day ofjudgment.
Aj, tamylz, (11 of jc) Separating, distinguishing, deter A set tandd, Scattered (birds). Flying in disorder (men).
mining, specifying. Judgment, discernment, discretion. AJ& tanazur, (v1 of J&J) Mutually admonishing or deter
A Jj tamyil, (11 of Jr.) Causing to incline, giving a bias. ring. Checking. Using incantations (to charm a serpent).
Doubting, hesitating between two things. Aj, tannar, A builder of ovens or furnaces.
P J tan, (s as) The body, stature, person, the whole man. A ~5. tanzub, (v1 of ~}) Calling one another names.
The thing itself. This, that. c >e d tan, Two persons, e.
A & j tansut (v1 of 8 j) Disputing, litigating. Receiv
J- tan asydan, To keep silence. Jeeje c; tan dar ing (victuals and drink). Eating and drinking.
dadan, To surrender, permit. Jej G tan zadan, To be silent. | A Jj tanasuk, (v1 of J3) Reproaching one another.
To caress. To escape. A- * tan? chand, Several persons. A 3'- tanazuk, (v1 of 3) Spearing each other.

A Jj tanazul, (v1 of JF) Leaping from horseback (to fight).

P J tun, (A J tunn) The thunny fish (which when dried is
used as an antidote to the poison of serpents). A hot furnace Rushing down into a plain against each other (two bodies of

(as in baths or glass-houses). A yellow flower used in dyeing.
A c, tinn, Alike, resembling. Equality, equation. A compa
nion, fellow, peer. Equal (in dignity, age, ability, or wealth).
A \ tunn-a, (pl. of J tani-a) Inhabitants.
A. J* tand-ush, (v1 of Lt) Receiving. Remaining, or
loitering behind. Retiring, being absent. -
A 2'- tanbuz, (v1 of >3) Calling one another names.
A s tina-at, A mansion. Inhabited.
A #U.5 tantu, (v1 of -i-}) Being plucked up. Flowing.
A July tantul, (v1 of Jaj) Being thick, intangled (herbage).
A cuj tanass, (vi of G-J massa) Communicating secrets.
men). Condescending. Decline (of price), loss (of rank).
re,\,\ , tan-sn, Quiet. Healthy in body.
P j e; tan-sn, Bodily ease, indulgence.
A -- tansub, (v1 of C-3) Resembling. Being Prop"
tionate to each other. Being related; relation, affinity. Pro
portion.
A *u.
tansukh, The death and uninterrupted succession f
heirs to an inheritance, unimpaired, undivided. The revoluti"
or succession of ages. *u- at tansukh, The metempsy"
chosis, or Pythagorean system of the transmigration of souls.
A Js". tansukhiy, A believer in the metempsychosis.

AA- tansur, (v1 of 23) Being dispersed. Flowing scatter A &-L) at tanasukihiyat, The sect of Pythagoras.

edly. Falling here and there by disease and death (men). A i-U.S tansu, (v1 of --) Communicating privately.
A Ujl.j tansul, (v1 of J23) Rushing upon or into anything. A c-j tanasuk, (v1 of G-3) Adhering, being arranged.
Running out in crowds (men). A J-U.5 tansul, (v1 of J-3) Begetting. Generation.

A. J tans, (v1 of 33) Mutual remembrance. A J-- tans, (v1 of ~) Pretending to forget; forgetting:
A <!-- L. tanjus, Stability, firmness. A ** tanashub, (vi of ~~) Adhering, being connected.
 \-3
A&\ tanshud, (v1 of ~) Repeating verses together.
Satirizing one another. Asking, or being asked, to recite verses.
A J tanashi, (v1 of;-)smelling (odours); getting drunk.
A ** tanasuh, (v1 of **) Admonishing mutually.
A re- tansur, (v1 of raj) Assisting one another.
A - i.e., tansu, (v1 of -ia) Halving. Acting equitably.
A -->uj Tanzub, Name of a place in Mecca.
A Juj tanzul, (vi of J_i.) Throwing, or darting at one
another. Contending for superiority in darting.
A * tantuh, (v1 of)Butting (as rams).
A J tanat?, (v1 of la) Fighting. Contending, trying to
outstrip. Pulling one another about. Exchanging (words).
A}\ tanazur, (v1 of J) Facing one another. Being op
posite (as palm-trees). Disputing, contending (in exercises).
P & tunit (and tunagh), The stirrup-cup, the last
bottle when a company is just going.
Av-s tantus, (v1 of U-3) Feigning sleep; somnolency.
J tant, (vi of s) Animating one another to vigorous
A
exertion in battle, by announcing
the death of their friends.
AA- tanghur, (v1 of,) Showing, or feigning dislike.
A vass tanghus, (v1 of Lak) Thronging (camels).
A & tanfuz, (vi of &) Going to law. Litigating.
AA- tanur, (v1 of,3) Flying from one another in a panic.
Retiring (from any business). Being remote, at a distance.
Contending for pre-eminence before a judge.
A}\ tanfus, (v1 of j) Leaping together.
Au-, tanus, (vi of U-53) Wishing for, aspiring or pant
ing after. Grasping at, seizing (amongst themselves). Envying
one another. Smelling, snuffing up (an odour).
Alas!. tanfut, (v) of a) Casting up scum (a boiling pot).
A c- tanuk, (v1 of G) Mutual hypocrisy.
tanfr, A certain measure of crimes.
A. 3- tanf, (v1 of J) Expelling, pursuing, persecuting,
endeavouring to ruin one another. Denying.
*** tani, Cushions with which women give a false
Prominence round the hips.
Akj tanfit, Hair torn from skins, roasted, and eaten in
times of scarcity.
A Fuj tanakur, (v1 of ) Digging at one another.
A U43- tankuz, (v1 of U2-5-3) Being dissolved, loosened,
slackened. Being discordant. Contradiction.
A -ij tanakuf, (v1 of -is-) Fighting (two armies).
A Juj tanakul, (v1 of J) Communicating with each other.
* L tankis, (pl. of La: tankis) Defects, deficiencies.
A tsui tankus, (v1 of c-3) Violating promises or trea
ties. Being discordant, inimical.
a 4. tankuh, (v1 of 2)
Intermarrying.
A w tankud, (v1 of 33) Being severe to one another.
451
--~~
AA- tanakur, (v1 of 3) Pretending ignorance, denying
the knowledge of Hating each other. Hostility, discord.
A -ti tankuf, (v1 of -i 3) Exchanging (discourse).
P Jl, tanlidan, To pour, or to be poured. To clean by
washing, rubbing, or polishing.
A e- tinn, A wolf. A resemblance.
P j tann, Corporeal.
P e-'- tannidan, To cause to weave. See J.A.: tanidan.
A r tannr, (pl. of 23.5 tannur) Stores, furnaces.
A cl tanwub, (v1 of ~3) Observing rotations, keeping
time, or turn and turn about.
A 3.0.5 tinwat (or &\.5 tinayat), The neglect of sacred things.
A c:* tanawuh, (v1 of z;) Blowing from adverse quarters
(winds). Being opposite (mountains). Weeping, lamenting.
r_2\, tan-awar, Corpulent (man).
A L tanawush, (v1 of Ly) Approaching, attacking (as
enemies). Stretching forth the hand in order to take something.
A J tanawul, (v1 of J) Carrying off. Taking (meat and
drink). Eating. Drinking. Giving and receiving presents.
A * tanawum, (v1 of ^x) Feigning to be asleep.
A -- s tanhub, (v1 of -) Raising dust (camels).
A s tanhud, (v1 of A$) (Travellers) making a joint purse
(for road-expenses). Dividing equally. Giving, presenting.
Ajs tanhuz, (v1 of j) Hastening in emulation (towards
any object). Pre-occupying, preventing.
A vis- tanahuz, (v1 of Li) Rushing against, assaulting.
A us tanh, (v1 of J) Extending, reaching to the end.
Arriving (intelligence). Being brought to a termination. Ab
staining from what is forbidden. Prohibiting, forbidding one
another. Stagnating (water).
A Js tamah?, (pl. ofr tanhiyat) Water-marks of torrents.
A & tinayat, The neglect of things sacred.
A i- tana-i, (pl. of 3 tanufat) Extensive deserts.
A <<!- tanayuk, (v1 of -) Being overcome by sleep.
A (v1 of **) Retiring far from one another.
J tana-7,
A c- timbah , The barking of (a dog).
r;$ tambk, Tobacco (from the island of Tobago).
A J timbal (and 3)\ timblat), A dwarf.
relax tumban, Short breeches, drawers. Wrestler's breeches.
A --~ tanabbub, (v of c- nabba) Being set a-flowing.
rej J tan batan, Man by man. Man for man.
A ** tanabbuj, (v of t) Swelling (a bone).
r- tambad, Silence. A fit of shivering. Tam-bud, Body
(as opposed to spirit).
Ajr-5 tanabbuz, (v of j) Reviling. Scurrility.
P & es tambasah, A small carpet, a rug. A pillow.
P J-j tambasidan, To twist a rope.
Ala-i tanabbut, (v of a 3) Making water to flow, or spring up.
Drawing, eliciting speech from one. Resembling a Nabathean.
3 M 2

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-
452
A t tanabbut, (v of t) Flowing, or coming by degrees.
A tr Tambugh, Name of a place.
P &- tambak, The flap or strap of a saddle. A saddle-tree.
A bow. A circle. Tumbak, Taking food with the fingers.
Bagpipes. A saddle-cloth. Tumbuk, A small drum. A crucible.
p J-5 tambal, Lazy, sluggish. Unemployed. A poltron, a
knave. Tambul, Betel-leaf, paan. Tumbul, Fraud.
A J-3 timbal, A dwarf.
A J-5 tanabbul, (v of J) Excelling, being ingenious, of a
noble, generous disposition. Taking whatever one has, choosing
the best. Pretending to excellence. Being possessed of, or
carrying (arrows). Dying. Stinking (a carcase). Cleaning
one's self with a flint (after voiding foeces).
P ex- tambalan, Lazy, slow. Fond of pleasure.
r - tambalit, Any thing placed upon a pack-saddle on
which the rider sits. Half a horse-load.
A :- tanabbu-a, (w of t Commencing prophet.
r_> tambur, A lute, a lyre, a guitar. A drum.
r %- tambuk, A weak bow. The flap of a saddle. A
saddle-tree. A stirrup-leather.
P J:- tambul, (s T) Betel-leaf. A weak bow. Name
of a fortress in Hindustan.
P & tambah, Saddle-bags. The bar of a door. Timbah,
An iron-heel to a boot.
A & tanabbuh, (v of 4-3) Awaking from sleep. Looking
about one. Recollecting, adverting to. Circumspection.
A -- tamb?b, (11 of C-J nabba) Producing joints (a cane).
A &c., tambi-at, (11 of *) Prophesying. Announcing.
A -- tambit, (11 of G-3) Causing to grow. Educating.
Planting (trees). Tambit or timb7t, Anything that germinates.
Pe tambidan, To twist, plait, weave. To loose. To
draw a thread from a hank. To spin a web (a spider). To lay
snares. To be silent. To tremble.
A & tambiz, (11 of 3:3) Throwing away.
A}~ ; tambiz, (11 of 3-) Reviling. Calling names.
A U-5 tambis, (11 of U-9) Speaking quick.
p 4-2-3 tambisah, A small carpet, a rug.
A L2: tambis, (11 of Ja-) Speaking with a weak voice.
A la: tambt, (11 of |a-) Making (a spring) to flow.
A C. tambk, (11 of G-3) Planting trees in a straight line.
r U-5 tambit, Fraud, deceit, guile, cunning.
A Jr tamb!, (II of J) Giving one (victuals) by little and
little at a time (and thereby coaxing him). Providing any one
with flints (for cleaning his person). Giving one an arrow.
A 4 tambh, (11 of 4.3) Awaking, rousing from sleep.
Rendering provident, attentive. Teaching, informing, insi
nuating, putting in mind. Prohibiting. Raising from obscurity.
Ennobling, rendering famous. Admonition. An edict. An
advertisement. P Je *** , 4-5 tambih o ta-kid kardan, To
admonish repeatedly and severely.
-
A cut: tambiht, (pl. of * tambh), Admonitions.
P -2 e5 tan-parast, A pamperer of his belly; sensual.
PJ r ef tan-parwar, Self-indulgent, lazy, e; tan
parwar kardan, To nourish the body, to indulge.
A &J tunnat, The thunny.
r u-j Tantk, Name of a man. Name of a king.
A & tantlat, A dwarf.
A ** tanattuj, (v of **) Retiring (to bring forth).
A Jax tantul, (tintal or J-3 tintil), A dwarf.
P & tantanah, A cry, a shout, an uproar, a fray.
P & tantah, A cobweb. Tuntah, A live coal.
A U-5 tanatti, (V of J) Leaping, being spurred on.
A --- tant?t, (11 of ~ natta) Explaining, detailing.
A - tanti, (11 of ~~~) Plucking up much hair.
A cr- tantn, (11 of c, Rendering fetid, causing to slink.
Aj, tanassur, (v of 23) Being dispersed, scattered.
Aj, tansir, (11 of 23) Scattering abroad very much.
Ala--, tansit, An appeasing, a quieting. Stillness.
P & tanj, A collection, an assembly. Expression. The being
folded together. Twisted, rolled up.
P &\s tanjalah, Expression.
P <\ tan-jamah, A garment, a vest.
A <-st tanajus, (v of --~) Being scrutinized, examined.
A ** tanajjuh, (v of *) Despatching easily, successfully.
A * tanajjud, (v of **) Being carried off, taken away,
Aji-ts tanajux, (v of j) Expediting any thing properly and
successfully. Pressing to drink. Sticking close to the bottle.
A v-sis tanajus, (v of v) Being polluted, defiled. Doing
(any thing) to remove defilement from one's self.
A. ss tamaju, (v of t) Going in quest of provender.
Coming to any one to obtain a benefit.
A * tanajum, (v of **) Observing the stars.
A *** tamajnuj, (11 of g Q) Being moved, struck. Being
full and loose (flesh).
A:s: tamajju-a, (v of **) Looking (with a malignant eye).
A st tanaijuh, (v of <) Repulsing, affronting, treating
cavalierly. Excelling. Entering into an unhealthy region.
A J- tunja', Name of a bird.
A J** tanaj7, (w of l Seeking the highest ground. Per
ceiving a smell. Desiring to smell another's breath.
A ess tanjab, (11 of ~) Unbarking (a tree).
A 4-u tanjiyat, (11 of J) Setting free. Erecting "I"
high ground. Raising (a mound of earth) against inundations.
A ** tanjzh, (11 of **) Prospering, promoting.
A &=t tanjid, (11 of s) Ornamenting a house with tap"
or painted cloths. Knowing (by experience). Exercising:
teaching, trying (as misfortune).
rej tunjdan or tanjdan, Drawing tight a girdle, or
girth. To be afflicted, tormented. Tunjidan, To sque
 ex- 453 <3

P s tanjidah, Drawn tight. Anxious, sad. go fast. jr.

A \t tanjiz, (11 of &) Rendering wise (experience).
A v-s tanjis, (11 of J-) Polluting, defiling. Amulets
against the fascination of malignant eyes (composed of dead
men's bones, fetid rags, or other species of filth, and hung round
the neck). P U-s To pollute. To profane, to desecrate.
A t tanji, (11 of **) Agreeing with one (victuals).
Being salutary (as prayer or medicine).
A-i-st tanji, (11 of i) Sloping off, or carrying away
parts of high ground (the wind). Milking partially (a sheep).
A ** tanjim, (11 of **) Prognosticating or calculating any
event by the aspect of the stars. Paying at stated periods.
A **t Tanjiyah, Tangiers.
P *s tanchah (or &s tamchah), A wallet.
A L-s tanahhus, (w of u-s) Examining (especially a mes
senger with news). Bearing hunger, fasting (medically). Ab
staining from flesh (in Lent).
AJ< tanahhul, (11 of Js) Falsely arrogating to one's self
(the sayings or verses of another).
A ** tanahnuh, (11 of ** Q) Repeating a sound, as ah
ah. Hemming and hawing. .
A Js; tanahli, (v of **) Being removed. Retiring, re
ceding. Turning away the face. Leaning upon. Tending to.
A J* tanahhi, (v of >) Churning butter. Being moved
from one's place. Applying diligently. Trusting to.
--~~ tanh?b, (11 of ~~) Being diligent (in business).
A
Travelling expeditiously to reach water. Being near water.
A&sis tanhiyat, (11 of >) Removing. Alienating.
A Jsis tanhil, (11 of Js") Giving a present.
&J jur shahbz-i tund-parwz, A falcon of rapid
flight. J-Le & tund-bd-i ajal, The rapid wind of death.
P Jey tan dadan, To consent, to acquiesce.
p > xj tund-bd, A violent hurricane, a whirlwind.
P_\ JJ tund-bar, Noxious, destructive.
Pj J tund-bas, Name of a rapacious bird.
P_3, \ tund-bar, A leaping, a dancing.
r J tund-paricas, Flying swiftly.
r_< x., tund-tz, Choleric, contentious. Mettlesome. Swift.
A c- tanadduh, (v of c) Becoming fat, or distended with
feeding (sheep). Straying from the fold in quest of pasture.
A t- tanaddukh, (w of &A) Being vain, arrogant.
* > * tund-i khil (or x~...~3 tund-i khnd), Dispersed
here and there. (CAstellus.)
P -55-2-3 tund-khy, Hasty, obstinate, refractory.
r_< tandar or tundar, Thunder. The nightingale.
P e-'999 c; tandar dadan, To give way, to accede.
P --~~7 tan-durust, Healthy, vigorous.
Pug-eye. tan-durust?, Good health, vigour.
rj, 3.5 tund-raftar, Swift, fleet.
p : * tund-raw, Swift, a quick goer. Tund-r, Austere,
crabbed, warm, passionate, fretful. A varicious.
P J&J tundurud, Butter not purified.
P c A tund-tabn, Eloquent, having a fluency of speech.
F U-9 tan-dis, Animage, a portrait; a comparison, similitude.
A C-- tanaddus, (v of U-23) Being buried. Enquiring
strictly (news of a messenger). Striking down. Putting the hand
upon the mouth. Exuding (water through the side of a well).
P & 2.5 tan-dasah, Resemblance. Tan-disah, Resembling.
P Je- tund-finan, A fast-going horse.

A sst; tanakhkhus, (v of t) Spitting. Raining, P J- tund-i gosh, A projecting part of the ear.
AJ& tanakhkhul, (v of J) Choosing the best. A JA. tunaddul, (v of J*) Wiping one's self (with a cloth).
A st tanakhkhum, (v of **) Looking austere. Spitting | Rolling a turban, fillet, or sash round the head.
out, blowing the nose. -
r
J tund-lijam, (equivalent to
Q-5 tund-ligam)
A & tanakhnukh, (11 of *
Q) Reclining (a camel). Headstrong, hard-mouthed,
swift (horse).
Clearing the throat, hemming, hawking. A *** tanaddum, (v of **) Being penitent. Repenting.
P s'; s tan-kh'ah, An assignment on lands, or order on the
Penitence. Bashfulness, modesty.
treasury for the payment of a stipend, salary, and the like. t tanda, A spider.
rje s'; s tan-kh'ah-dr, One who receives a salary. A | p < x < tand o khand, Scattered. Topsy turvy.
holder of an order for wages. -

p_2-x, tandur, Thunder. The nightingale. Tundar, Thun

* 'e s';st tan-kh'ah-dri, The receiving of pay, service. der. A kind of stove, a brasier. An oven.
A 9;sis tanakh-ud, (11 of co) Commanding a ship.
| r < c, tan-deh, (Giving the body) Diligent.
Aust. tanakhkh, (v of 3~") Boasting; swelling with pride. P 3-3 tundah, The bud of a leaf, a follicle, a pod.
A2ss tankhir, Speech, discourse. | Pusse Ji tan-dehi, Application, attention, bodily exertion.
P 3- tandi, Hard schirrous tubercles on the body. Tund,
P & tand, One whose eye-brows are closely joined. Dis
A declivity. The projecting parts of the feet, or ears. An
.
Persed, scattered wide. A sky overcast with clouds.
* * A tund, Rough, fierce, severe, stern, austere, hot-spirited, edged tool. Moroseness, doggedness. Harsh, severe, angry.
A s tamadd, (w of 223) Showing one's self liberal (beyond
quarrelsome, acrid. High, tall, lofty. Fat. Bold, impetuous, others). Going from a bitter or salt, to a sweet pasture. Feed
strong. Swift, rapid, brisk, active. Height. The summit of

a mountain. The devil. A demon of the woods. Jy ing (camels) between their two drinkings. Leaving a residue.
& To
 C -
A &A. tandiyat, (11 of 243) Feeding (camels) between their
two drinkings. Leading (camels) from a bitter or salt, to a
sweet pasture. Making wet, moistening, soaking.
A MA-5 tandid, (11 of Aj nadda) Declaring aloud, divulging,
publishing. Tearing (a veil). Defaming. Dispersing (camels).
p cx tundidan or tandidan, To thunder. To murmur.
To cry out. To chide. To put forth flowers, or leaves (trees).
P Lj tandis, Body, figure (of man or beast).
p 4.3.x.5 tan-disah, The human shape, the body. A scare-crow,
any thing in the figure of a man to frighten birds, or thieves.
Any artificial form. Variegated, discoloured. More, encreased.
A 8-2-5 tandigh, (11 of **) Sprinkling (dough) with flour.
P_5}<! tundi-war, Jumping, leaping.
P & X.5 tan-dih, The human shape or figure.
P s tanzdah, A heap of sand. Confession. (CASTELLus).
AJ&s tanazzur, (w of J&J) Being timorous. Making a vow.
Pe tan zadan, To be silent, modest.
r s tan-zadah, Taciturn, modest.
Aj-, tamazzur, (v of j}) Becoming small or few. Resem
bling, associating with, or being allied to, the tribe ofy Nizar.
A J} tanazzul, (v of JP) Descending slowly. Condescend
ing, deigning. Humility. Decline, diminution.
r & tunzah, (equivalent to s tundah) A bud, a pod.
A j-, tanazzuh, (w of 33) Being far (from water and pasture).
Being pure, free from vice or stain. Being modest, chaste.
Walking in pleasant gardens. Going abroad to ease nature.
A 52 tanazzi, (V of -5.) Leaping, being excited.
r jeF tan-zeb, A sort of fine cotton-cloth rather thicker
than muslin, in Bengal commonly called Tanjibs.
A &j- tanziyat, (11 of 23) Being wishful, desirous. Inspiring
with desire. Leaping upon, mounting.
A 22 tanzir, (11 of j) Slighting, giving a trifling present.
Ajj:j tanziz, (11 of 5 na:2a) Removing. Nourishing.
A Sj tanz7t, (11 of {j}) Causing to remove, or tear up.
A j tanzif (11 of #) Being drunk. Emitting blood.
A cj tanzik, (II of J}) Making (a horse) leap or win a race.
A Jj tanzzl, (11 of J}) Sending any thing down (especially
as God does from heaven). Causing (a traveller) to alight, or
come into your house; lodging and treating him hospitably.
Revelation from heaven. The Kurn. Order, arrangement. alert. Cheerfully doing any thing. Traversing the desert.
A & 5-S tanzih, (11 of *}) Purifying, cleansing, keeping (one)A s- tanashshugh, (v of *) Groaning inwardly.
at a distance from every thing unclean. Declaring (God) to be
without an equal, and free from every kind of mixture.
A v Tanas, Name of an island in Lower Egypt.
A L-- tansas, Flowing rapidly. A quick pace.
P e- tan-sn, Quiet, tranquil.
A c.5 tanassub, (v of c-) Pretending to relationship.
ra..j tanastah, A spider's web.
P z- tansukh, Curious, precious, rare, incomparable.
454 c
A_j tanassur, (v of ,-3) Being untwisted (a rope). De.
parting. Being torn from (fortune). Bursting (an ulcer).
A 8-5 tanassuts (v of 8-) Being loose (teeth).
A -- tanassu, (v of --j) Throwing down (wrestling).
A G-- tanassuk, (v of G-3) Being arranged (an oration).
Being disposed in order, connected together.
A = <-- tanassuk, (v of--) Being devout, pious.
A J tanassul, (v of J) Pedigree.
A - tanassum, (V of *) Breathing. Exhaling an odour.
Smelling any thing fragrant. Perceiving, getting wind of any
thing. c- --> 2 c --- tanassum-i arwah wa tabas
sum-i sabah, The breathing of the winds, and the smiling of the
dawn.
A U-5 tanasmus, (11 of U- Q) Blowing cold (the wind).
Being weak, infirm.
P U-3 tansk, A present.
P& tansah, A carpet, tapestry. Weary, disgusted.
A& tansi-at, (11 of".) Driving away. Deferring, shrink
ing from. Keeping (camels) back from a watering-place.
A 3-5 tansiyat, (11 of J-) Causing to forget.
Puy~ tans?dan, To be tormented, strangled. To draw lines.
A U-23 tansis, (II of U.S. nassa) Inducing (an infant) to
void urine or excrement by crying is is. Causing to walk.
A s- tansie, (11 of 8-3) Being loose (teeth).
A 8-5 tansigh, (11 of 8) Being loose (teeth). Sprouting
afresh (a tree that has been cut down). Producing branches
closely set (a young palm-tree).
A -i-, tans if, (11 of --3) Throwing down (wrestling).
A C-5 tansik, (11 of G-3) Arranging, disposing in order
(a speech), stringing (pearls).
A J-3 tansil, (11 of J-3) Moulting, changing hair,
thers, or wool (quadrupeds and birds).
A --- tansm, (11 of e-j) Beginning any business. Blowing.
A -- tanashshub, (v of C-) Being fixed in the mind.
A \.5 tanashshud, (v of N. 3) Enquiring news. Publishing.
AJ-5 tanashshur, (v of ,-) Being unfolded, spread open.
Being dispersed, scattered. Being divulged, told (news). A
table, upon which they wash the dead before interment.
A 3-5 tanashshuz, (v of j-j) Showing severity. owing
Ala-i tanashshut, (v of lat.j) Being brisk, lively, active,
A C:... tanashshuf, (w of Litij) Imbibing, sucking "P.
A -- tanashshum, (v of ~3) Making a beginning:
... tanashshu-a, (w , Rising up to begin. -
r x~3 tan-shy, A common sewer. A table on which dead
bodies are washed. Dirty water, in which bodies, or garme
have been washed.
-
A J tanashshi, (V of ) Perceiving a smell. P
overcome with wine, getting drunk.
 455
A --; tanshib, (I) of ~) Blowing gently. Fixing.
a 3: tanshi-at, (11 of ":-) Causing to grow. Educating.
r c-3 tanshidan, To be suffocated.
Ar- tanshir, (11 of ,-) Displaying, diffusing, extending.
Averting evil from another. Writing an incantation.
Ala- tanshit, (11 of a-) Making cheerful, lively, brisk.
Fattening (a horse). Tying knots (upon a rope).
A -i--, tanshif, (11 of ~i?-) Imbibing (water, as cloth,
the earth, &c.). Giving frothy milk (a camel).
A Ge.5 tanshik, (11 of G) Pouring into the nostrils.
AJ<! tanshil, (11 of J) Giving breakfast (to a guest).
A ** tanshim, (11 of ~) Attacking, beginning (especially
any thing bad). Appearing. Beginning to corrupt (meat).
A --~~j tanassub, (v of C-23) Rising on the feet. Being
raised (dust). Giving close attention to any thing.
A 2- tanassuh, (v ofe-) Wishing well to any one. Being
a faithful monitor. Taking advice. Being well watered (camels).
Arax tanassur, (w of ra) Becoming a Christian (Nazarene).
Endeavouring or attempting to assist another.
A Jack tanassus, (v of U23 nassa) Affirming by letter.
A ia tanassu, (v of -3.23) Being a servant. Receiving
as a servant. Weiling (a woman).
A Jax tanassul, (v of J.a.) Being absolved (from a crime).
Taking or drawing out, producing. Choosing.
A us--4 tanass?, (v of 2-3) Curling (her) long flowing locks
(a woman). Marrying into a noble tribe.
* -- tansib, (II of -a;) Pricking his ears (a horse).
Laying snares, hatching mischief. Opposing an enemy.
Ajra tansir, (11 of raj) Converting to Christianity.
* Ja tansis, (II of U23 nassa) Harassing (a debtor).
Affirming, declaring. Writing. Proving from the Kurn.
. A -- tansi, (11 of -ia,) Dividing in the middle, or into
two equal parts. Being half white, half black (the beard or
hair). Bearing dates half red, half green (a palm-tree). Being
middle-aged. Being mid-day. Reaching half-way down the
thigh (a garment). Covering the face with a veil.
* Jax tansil, (11 of J.a.) Taking the head (off a spear),
: the tincture (off a beard), or a mote (from the eye). Putting
: the head on a spear. Piercing with, or fixing an arrow into.
A ci. tanzah, (from *) Exuding (a leathern bottle).
A Q-i-, tanzub, A thorny tree, of which arrows are made.
A * tanazzuh, (w of) Being sunk in the sockets (eyes).
Windicating himself (from a crime).
* L tanazzuz, (v of Li nazza) Despatching (business).
Praising, approving. Drawing to himself. Getting by little
and little, what another owes him.
*J- tanazzi, (v of xi) Emaciating, consuming.
* -i-, tanzib, (11 of C-33) Giving little milk (a camel).
A *-i-tanziyat, (11 of 3-33) Stripping much and often.
*.5
C
a g- tanzj, (11 of) Boiling or dressing sufficiently.
Not foaling (a camel) at the end of a full year. Suppuration.
A Q-i-J tanzid, (11 of Q-i-) Laying in order one on another.
Ari tanzir, (11 of ri) (God) blessing with beauty and
every ornamental excellence.
A vla tanattus, (w of vla) Being curious, inquisitive, ac
curate; nicely attentive to dress, speech, or victuals.
A s-a- tanattus, (v of sa5) Being attentive, industrious.
Speaking profoundly, mysteriously. Serving up broken victuals,
A ilar tanattu, (v of ila) Being suspected. Putting
rings in the ears (a girl). Considering, understanding.
A Glax tanattuk, (w of J) Putting on a girdle. Speaking.
A a.a. tanatnut, (11 of a-a Q) Being distant, retiring far.
A ila-i tant, (11 of -lai) Adorning herself with ear-rings
(a girl). Causing to drop. Accusing, impeaching.
A G-la- tantik, (11 ofca) Putting on a sash, belt, or girdle.
Rising to the middle of the bank (water).
Aja- tin-ir (from Aaj), Looking, viewing.
AA- tamazzur, (v of A.) Granting a delay, waiting. Bear
ing patiently. Expectation. Patience.
A a tana-su, (v of l) Cleaning, purifying one's self.
Being or pretending to be neat, nice, clean.
A * tanazzum, (v of **) Being arranged, strung (pearls).
Ax~ tanz7r, (II of A.) Beholding. Resembling. Affinity.
* a tansi, (11 of -i-A) Purifying, making clean.
Carrying every thing clean off, exacting the whole tribute.
A *** tanzim, (11 of **) Composing (verses). Threading
(pearls). Ordering, arranging. Governing.
A --> tanzab (from x), Croaking. Crowing.
A J-5 tanatul, (v of J) Putting on shoes or slippers.
A *** tanattum, (v of **) Being blessed with, enjoying in
abundance, the conveniences and comforts of life. Suiting,
agreeing with, being salubrious (a country). Walking bare
foot. Searching, seeking. Striving, endeavouring. Urging
forward (a beast). Happiness, enjoyment. Prosperity.
A s tanatnut, (11 of 8- Q) Being distant. Nodding.
A z tantr, (11 of >3) Turning (an arrow on the nail to
try its smoothness or straightness). -
A L tantish, (11 of U) Exalting. Saying to any one
4) - K-x, natashaka 'llah, May God exalt you!
A Je tantil, (11 of J) Shoeing a horse (with iron), or a
camel (with leather).
A *** tankim, (11 of **) Bestowing plenty. Saying **
nazam, yes, in confirmation of any assertion. Name of a place.
A &t tankmah, A kind of tree.
Aj, tanaghghur, (v of j) Boiling with rage, taking of
fence. Having an aversion.
A U.K.5 tanaghghush, (v of U) Trembling, nodding.
A vacy tanaghghus, (v of Ca) Being unhappy (life).
 - --
A Li tanaghghuz, (v of La) Nodding the head in appro
bation. Shaking, trembling, tottering. Being moved (the head).
A ** tanaghghum, (v of **) Reading or singing low.
A 24.5 tanghir, (11 of,x) Calling to. Tickling (a child).
A La tanghis, (11 of La) Making life wretched.
A - (-i, tand-i-i) tunna, A great desert.
A * tanaffuj, (v of *) Boasting vainly and falsely.
A <- tanaffuh, (v of *) Intervening, opposing, obstruct
ing. Returning (to a place).
A. * tanaffukh, (v of **) Blowing with the mouth, mak
ing a sound resembling ukh, ukh.
AJ& tanaffur, (v of 2:3) Avoiding. Aversion, disgust.
A U.K. tanaffus, (v of U.S.) Breathing. Fetching a deep
sigh. Breaking (as the dawn). Drinking at three draughts;
also at one draught. Increasing, lengthening (the day). Di
fusing (water). Being split (a bow). Respiration.
P &-- tanasah, A small carpet. Long hair.
A C*--, tanaffush, (v of U.S.) Bristling up from fear (the hair
of a cat, the feathers of a bird). Growing (feathers).
A L tanaffuz, (v of Ui) Exploring, examining (a place)
all around to see if (it) be safe.
A lax tanaffut, (v of la) Having excrescences on the nose
(a goat); also sneezing, and forcing any thing out of the nose.
Boiling with rage. Having sore hands from hard labour.
A 88.5 tanaffugh, (v of 89) Swelling, or having pustules (the
hand from hard labour).
A C. tanaffuk, (v of C) Dragging (out from a hole).
A c, tanafful, (v of J) Doing more than the law requires:
saying prayers of supererogation. Receiving a greater share of
booty (than one's associates).
P & tanfah, A small carpet. Long hair.
A ** tanfikh, (11 of **)
Blowing. Breaking
wind.
A & tanfiz, (11 of &) Transmitting. Causing to pass or
penetrate. Sending (an ambassador).
Aj, tanfir, (11 of ) Terrifying, causing to fly. Exciting
disgust. Preferring one to another. Pronouncing one victor.
Giving a man an opprobrious epithet, and marking him as an
object of aversion.
Aj, tanfix, (11 of ;) Dandling (an infant). Trying (the
straightness of an arrow) upon the nail.
A U- tanfs, (11 of U.K.) Consoling, comforting, refresh
ing. Treating gently. Respite, breathing time.
A. U- tanfish, (II of U.S.) Teazing (cotton or wool).
A U2: tanfis, (11 of Ja) Shaking (trees). Beating ther. Breaking or shivering a bone (a blow).
(cloths). Shaking, shattering, making to tremble (a fever).
A c- tanik, (ii of G) Selling fast (goods).
A U-5 tanfil, (ii of J) Presenting with a gift or with plun
der. Defending a companion. Adjuring. Doing more than A sack. A thin cake, a pancake, a fritter.
the law demands. Inflaming with desire.
A & tanfih, (11 of &) Fatiguing (a camel).
P G tunuk, A veil, a curtain, a mosquito-curtain.
A U-\ tinkas, Detriment, deficiency. Loss.
A tankam (from *3) Punishing. Punishment.
A 3.5 tanakkub, (v of ev) Covering the face with a veil.
A * tanakkuh, (v of *) Becoming lean (a camel).
A & tanakkud, (v of N) Paying or presenting money.
A & tanakkuz, (v of 3:5) Receiving; pulling (out of a ditch).
A,i,j tanakkur, (v of ) Being examined, searched.
* , e, tan-karah, The black leprosy.
A La tanakkus, (v of U-5) Disgracing, dishonouring, re
-
proaching. Deficiency, diminution, defect.
A U2.5 tanakkuz, (v of U&) Being burst, split (the earth)
by mushrooms springing up. Being broken.
A s tanakkut, (v of las) Containing patches of grass (a
place). Getting hold of (any intelligence) bit by bit.
rja- tunkatar, A watchman. A taper, a rushlight.
A J tanakkul, (v of J) Travelling, being transported
from place to place. Being copied, translated. Eating sweet
cakes after having drunk a glass of wine.
A C-5 tanaknuk, (11 of G Q) Being sunk (the eye).
A J- tanakk?, (v of J) Choosing, selecting.
A -- tankb, (11 of C-) Examining (a messenger).
Going from place to place, as merchants. Flying for refuge.
A --~ tankiyat, (11 of J) Cleaning, winnowing (grain).
A --~ tanks, (11 of -) Conciliating the affections (of
a woman). Making haste, doing any thing quickly.
A. t:- tank/h, (11 of **) Extracting (marrow). Lopping
(a branch). Cleaning, cutting off superfluities, polishing. De
ciding (disputes). Investigation, search.
A & tankis, (11 of ) Setting at liberty, freeing, rescuing
(one man from another). Pulling one (out of a ditch).
Ay tankir, (11 of ;) Examining, enquiring into: Peck
ing grain; building a nest; singing (a bird).
Aj, tankiz, (11 of j) Causing to dance.
A U-5 tankis, (11 of U-53) Putting ink (into a standish).
Abusing with opprobrious names and reproaches. -
A U tankish, (11 of J-) Painting in colours; drawing
uncoloured figures. Engraving, carving, embossing:
A U2: tankis, (11 of La) Diminishing.
A n.5 tankt, (11 of la) Marking with points, dotting. Put
ting the vowel-point over a consonant.
a J.. tankil, (11 of J) Transporting from Place." place
Mending (a garment or a shoe). Shoeing (a camel) with lea
, --, tank, A girl. Tink, A bird's beak. Tw"
drum. A water-pot with a narrow mouth. Tanuk or tunuk.
Thin, slender, fine, subtile. Shallow water. A wicker-baske'
r_\xi tinkr (J tinkl, or j. tangr), Borax.
 <3
A -& tanakkub, (v of ~9) Turning (out of the way).
shunning, avoiding. Slinging (a bow) across the shoulder.
p c-G Tonkat, Name of a city in Turkistan.
P L---: tunuk-hawass, Sensible. Sensitive.
P us-y- <<! tunuk-hairsz, Sense, sensibility.
a & tanakkud, (v of G) Grieving, being afflicted.
AK. tanakkur, (v of 3) Being disguised, transformed. Be
ing alienated (from any one). Being indefinite, indeterminate.
P *K. tankarah, A copper-boiler, a cauldron.
* Ly << tunuk-rish, Thin-bearded (man).
r}< tankiz, Name of a thorny tree.
AAC tanakkus, (v of 4:3) Twisting one's self. Enduring
hardships on a journey.
r & tunuk-kar, (A weak vessel) A tale-bearer, a
tattler, a simpleton. Smooth, simple, unblemished.
p zy- << tunuk-mizj, Whimsical, peevish, irascible.
Po << tunuk-my, Thin-haired.
r;K- tank, A case, box, chest. Name of a Scythian king.
* - tankub, A dish of sour milk, garlick and walnuts.
p & tankah, Gold. Money. A particular species of coin.
Tunukah, Plates of tinned iron or other metal.
A -- tankib, (11 of ~9) Misguiding, misleading. Di
verting, averting. Retiring, deserting, letting alone. Distressing.
a & tankid, (11 of 23) Distressing, troubling.
Ar tankir, (11 of 3) Altering, transforming, disguising.
Making indefinite or undetermined. -
Av tankis, (11 of J.G.) Turning upside down.
A*- tankiz, (11 of 33) Accelerating.
A t- tankit, (11 of t) Removing quickly. Repulsing,
drawing away from any thing. -
A i. tank, (11 of 3) Having a protuberance behind
the ears (a camel).
A J4- tankil, (11 of JS) Conquering.
Loading with
chains. Treating opprobriously, tormenting. Giving an example.
Prohibiting, restraining.
* & tang, Tight, narrow, close. Confined, strait. A
*trait, a defile, a narrow pass. (met.) The mouth of a mistress.
Scarce. Rare; incomparable, unattainable. Numerous, many.
Near, neighbouring. Rough, difficult. Strong, hard. Barren.
Languid, melancholy, sad. A rough, stony valley. The sum
mit of a mountain. Suffocation. Anger, indignation. An oil
mill. A horse-belt or girth. A package, a bundle, a sack.
Half a horse or camel-load, as much as is carried upon one side.
A vessel with a long and narrow neck. A body of troops. A
Plain surface, either of canvas or wood, on which painters or
sculptors trace their first sketch. A pavilion. Name of a book
written by the heresiarch Mni. Name of the tenth book of the
works of Zardusht. Name of a place near Badaksh. <<
c, tang shudan, To be reduced to straits. To be struck with
astonishment. c ca. 3.5 tang kardan, To confine, block up,
457
reduce to difficulties. <&J's, & *!) rh-i tang o tarik, A
difficult and dark way. - 3 Jus sl-i tang, A barren year.
r &&. tang-a-tang, Difficulty, straits. A throng.
P * tangy, A narrow pass. Straitness. Difficulty.
tang-bar. A narrow way. Half a horse-load, a pack
age. One who will not give place to another; inaccessible.
Rare, scarce, invaluable. An epithet of God.
rj- tang-bez, A fine sieve, a strainer.
P &r; <& tang-payghulah, The world.
P e ~ Tang-i Turkn, Name of a place, the inhabi
tants of which are remarkable for the comeliness of their persons.
P J- << tang-cha-i, Tightness, closeness. Difficulty,
distress. Scarcity. Stinginess, parsimony.
P -- << tang-chashm, Having narrow, close eye-lids.
Insatiable, covetous, devouring all with the eyes. A Turk. The
eye of a mistress.
2 --
A woman who has had but one husband.
P Js
tang-hl, Straitened in one's circumstances, poor.
P J- tang-halz, Poverty, distress, narrow circumstances.
* --~~ tang-dast, Tight-handed. Poor. A cushion.
P J-e- tang-dast?, Parsimony. Poverty. Weakness.
P J& tang-di, Heartsick, desponding. Compassionate.
A miser. & Je <>3) His heart was averse from it.
P J tang-dili, Heart-ache, grief. Compassion. Nig
gardliness. J-2 cjr J To have compassion upon one.
P c- < tang-dahan, Small-mouthed. A sweet-heart.
* * ~ tang-ray, Tender-cheeked.
Pv- tangis, Name of a thorny tree.
* -- tang-sar, Weakness of intellect. Transmigration,
metempsychosis (perhaps from the Sanscrit {{ITU sangsar).
P J& tang-sal, Scarcity. A barren year or season.
re Tangast, Name of a place famous for crystal.
P ~~ << tang-sharb (or 5% <), Soon drunk.
r_< << tang-shakar, The mouth of a mistress.
* Lre < tang-kaysh, Poor, miserable. Melancholy.
PJ tangalush, The works of Zeuxis the painter.
P* tang-nay, A difficulty. A defile. A bolt. A narrow
silken vest, c- * The world. The body. The grave.
P <&# Zer- < tang-nishiman-i nahang, The world.
The sky. Time.
P s:- tangoy, A basket for carrying provisions.
* < tanagah, Thin paste, macaroni. (See & tankah).
P J tangi, Narrowness, closeness, straitness, tightness.
Difficulty. Anguish. Poverty, want. A sack.
~\.
P tang-yab, Difficult to be found, rare. Care-crazed
P tangirah, A brazen kettle, a cauldron.
A Jevj tanms, (11 of J2a3) Pulling the hairs from the face,
with tweezers or unguents.
y \." o,< ze; tan-i muhrim asa, A naked body. (BURHAN.)
3 N
 _5-
Ay tanammur, (v of J) Being angry, ill-humoured.
Loudly threatening. Resembling a male panther when enraged.
A U-4.5 tanammus, (v of U-43) Being hid, lurking.
A L24.5 tanammus, (y of La) Pulling hairs from the face,
and other parts, with tweezers. Being plucked up (hairs).
A Jj tanammul, (v of Jaj) Moving to and fro like ants.
A L tanammi, (v of s) Soaring about (a hawk).
A &. tanmiyat, (11 of JJ) Adulterating (intelligence),
spreading false reports, calumniating. Throwing wood upon a
fire, and making it burn fiercer. Growing fat (man). Swelling
(as water), increasing. Causing to swell, increase, or grow up.
Referring (to an author, quoting his authority).
Aj, tanmir, (ii of 2,3) Being of a bad disposition.
A U-24.5 tanmis, (11 of U-49) Covering. Imposing upon.
A U+] tanmish, Lines conspicuous on the hands or face.
A Laz, tanmis, (11 of L-43) Plucking (hairs off the face).
Ala., tanmit, (11 of a 3) Pointing out, shewing the road.
A c-; tanmik, (11 of C) Writing, describing. Inditing
a book. Writing a fine ornamented hand.
P & tanand, A spider. Slow, sluggish, heavy.
p;&c., tanand (or s tanandah), A spider. A cobweb.
A weaver's instrument (round which the warp is rolled, and then
carried over the comb). (CASTELLUs.)
p >5 tani, Power, (CASTELLUs.)
A 3.5 tuniiw (from uj), Abiding, dwelling (in a town).
Ak- tanwt, Whatever is hung round a camel's litter (for
ladies) by way of ornament.
P ej tanwndan, To suffer pain. To put in pain.
A c- tannab, The pitch-tree.
ru- tanutas, A learned man. A man of business.
A c- tanawwuh, (v of cy) Vibrating (any thing pendulous).
A 2.25 Tamukh, Name of an Arabian tribe. (Pocock, Spec.)
A tunakh (from t), Abiding, staying. Indigestion.
A t- tanawwukh, (V of **) Obliging (a she-camel) to lie
down. Lying down (a camel).
A ex; tanawwud, (w of ex) Being shaken (a branch).
Puy~ tandan, To twist, to plait, to spin (thread or hair).
AJ3.5 tanawwur, (v of 25) Seeing a fire at a distance. Shin
ing. Turning the back, being put to flight. Anointing with an
unguent which pulls up hair by the roots.
A j tannur, A portable iron furnace. An ven narrow at
top and wide at bottom, against the sides of which they bake
bread. The surface of the earth. Any place where water
gushes out, or collects together in a valley.
snP -*" J tannur-shb, A coal-rake, a malkin.
P Wy; tannur-tb, Any thing by which a furnace or oven
is kindled or heated (as fuel, a pair of bellows, the subterraneous
hole through which the air rushes into an iron forge, and le like).
*y-, -92 tannr-tb-i tannurah, A funnel, a ventilator.
458 &5
P &\-J3.5 tannur-khnah (and e-93.5), A bake-house.
P by 3-5 tannurah, A travelling or camp-furnace, or oven. A
part of dress (like a furnace, of leather or cotton) worn by der.
wishes, from their middle. A sort of armour. Anything of a con
vex form. A tunnel through which water rushes on a mill-wheel.
P 55.5 tanus, A fissure, a cleft.
P j} tantizah, Cleft, riven, broken. Anything broken.
A xi tanawwut,(v of **) Being honoured. Disdaining every
thing base. Name of a certain yellow bird.
A & 5-7 tanawwut, (v of & 3) Being shaken (branches by the
wind). Being divided into distinct parts. Being variegated,
diversified. Getting before, preceding.
A & tanufat (and *}}- tanufiyat), A dangerous desert,
without water or inhabitants. A widely extended region.
A J tanawwuk, (v of J) Fixing the mind upon any thing. -
Being elegant (in apparel), nice (in eating). t
A *> tannum, A tree growing in Arabia, producing specifics t
for worms and warts. Tunawim, A small species of turnsole. - !
A - tanawwum, (v of ^j}) Sleeping. Dreaming.
P 9-- tanumand, Robust, corpulent. Strong, powerful.
Tall. Broad, fat. Healthy. Contented.
P--, tanumandi, Robustness, corpulence.
P \; tanwand, Dispersed. Distracted.
A&;- tantcivat, (11 of 55) Executing (business). Causing .
one to propose or endeavour. Throwing away (date-stones).
Beginning to have stones (ripening dates).
A t:- tanwikh, (11 of **) Subduing, throwing down. |
AJ 3.5 tanwir, (11 of J.5%) Shining, illuminating. Flowering
(a shrub), flourishing (a tree). Ripening (corn). Producing
a kernel (a date). Pricking figures upon the arm with a needle,
and then rubbing over the punctures with indigo, leaving an in
delible impression. Painting by way of ornament. Fascinating,
looking through half-shut eyes. Illumination. rj j Jr.
-
zamir-i mihr-tanwir, A mind bright as the sun. ft 25
tanwir kardan, To illuminate, to illustrate, to shine.
Aj 5-5 tantczz, (11 of 553 not in use) Making little.
A J tunicis, (11 of U-5) Remaining (in one place):
A L tanwix, (11 of J) Dyeing cloth.
A axi tanwit, (11 of 95) Putting (more) upon a loa"
(camel). Turning out (a leathern bottle) in order to anoint (it).
A 832 tanwit, (11 of 8 : not in use) Distinguishing, making
different kinds. Shaking the branches of a tree (wind).
A -$5.5 tanwi, (11 of -35) Exceeding, surpassing:
A JA 32 tanwil, (11 of J}) Giving, bestowing.
A ** tanwim, (11 of **) Lulling to sleep.
A c-i tanwin, (11 of ex not in use) Marking the final law
of nouns with the nasal vowels " un, an or 2 in. Nunnation.
P & 3.5 tante?h, Greatness, grandeur. -
A & 3.5 tantcih, (11 of 3:3) Praising. Exalting. Calling.
P & tanah, A web. Cloth for a garment. The pith of a tree.
 _5
The trunk of a tree. A tunic without sleeves. The fore, and
also the back part, of a vest. Fine goat's hair. A falcon's chain
or collar. A champion. Internal, inner. Within. Acceptance.
Content, satisfaction. ~}<e & tana-i tankabt, A spider's
web. Tunnah, The thunny fish.
p', tanh, (pl. of cy tan) Bodies. Alone, solitary. Singu
lar, unique. Private, separate, apart. Only, solely, singly.
Privately. Ja- Js The inhabitants alone of the fortress.
A \ tinh, Any mound or dike which confines water.
rele, tanh-7, Solitude, loneliness. Retirement.
rje & tanah-dard (or Ly & 5), Fresh butter.
A & tanahnuh, (11 of &# Q) Abstaining, desisting.
P tanhi, He himself, the same.
A + tanhiyat, (11 of Us) Prohibiting, forbidding. Reach
ing the bottom, or summit. Coming to. A fish-pond, a lake, a
ditch. The greatest height to which waters, rivers, or torrents,
rise in channels or vallies.
A \ri tanhid, (11 of J) Having round plump breasts.
a & tanhik, Torment, punishment.
rus tani, Corporeal, bodily.
p J- taniyn, Corporeal, material (substances).
A -- tanayyub, (v of -) Biting (an arrow) with the
canine tooth. Being aged (a camel). Sprouting (a plant).
P & tanid, A web.
Puy tamidan, To twist, to weave, to spin. To involve.
To deceive. To effect. To be silent. To be twisted.
P*A* tanidah, Woven. Silent. A cobweb. A loom.
P tinirah, A dragon. (CAstellus.)
*** tanizah, A side, a border, a skirt.
A L Tinnis, Name of a city in Lower Egypt.
* *-* tanyasah, A small carpet. (CASTELLUs).
A J tanin, Alike, equal. Equality. Tannin or tinnin, A
large serpent, a dragon. er at tannin, The constellation of
the dragon. A shark. cr ~3 The dragon's tail, a star.
* J Tinin, Name of an island in the ocean near Sarndib.
A large serpent. An island hard by Muhammad's tomb. A
certain region in the air. tls zer tinin-i falak, The galaxy.
* * taninah, A small carpet of little value.
A -- tanyib, (11 of C-) Biting (an arrow) to try the
quality of the wood. Being aged (camel). Sprouting (a plant).
A& tanyi-at, (11 of *) Leaving (meat) half-dressed, or
(business) half-finished.
**** tanyah, (11 of not in use) Making solid (bones
which were before soft). Debilitating, bruising (bones). Speak
ing peace to the soul (God).
Ars tanyir, (11 of 23) Illuminating, illustrating. Marking
(cloth) with a different-coloured border.
A -- tany', (11 of -5.3) Excelling, seeming superior.
P; taw, Heat, warmth. Twist, turn, tortion. A fold. A
ditch, pool. An axe, mattock, or shovel. An obolus. A grain.
459 \,;
r; t, Cream. The fat of broth. A curtain. A mulberry.
p; t, Thou. When followed by <-- ast, Is, the and ,
are sometimes omitted; as G-5 JJ az an-i tost, It is yours.
p : t, Within. A feast, an entertainment. A fold. 37 c
gyak to, One-fold, single. 5; 29 do t, Two-fold, double.
A 35 taww, Alone, single. A rope of a single twist. A care
less man (of here and hereafter). A troop of 1000 horse. An
edifice. "; al-j-a tawwan, He came on purpose.
P \; tawa, Lavish expense. Ruin, destruction.
A --> tawwab, Penitent, contrite. Gracious, relenting.
A s tawbit, (pl. of t tbit) Followers. Dependants,
partizans. Dependances, appurtenances. Adjuncts, appositives.
A J.'; tawbil, (pl. of J tibil) Seasonings for meat, herbs.
P &; Tawabah, Name of a champion of Trn.
A ~~); tawabzt, (pl. of ~},\; tabt) Arks. Coffins.
AF); tawatur, (VI of Fy) Following. Being brought one
after another (volumes). Continuation, succession.
Ajy tawatr, (pl. of 25; tu-tur) Collectors of taxes.
A ~); tawsub, (v1 of ) Rushing upon one another.
A.J.; tawasuk, (v1 of J) Stipulating together.
A z'; tuwj, The bleating of a sheep.
A A-"; tawjud, (v1 of 3-3) Finding.
A &-\; taicjuh, (v1 of 4-5). Looking back on each other.
Turning the face towards one another.
A ^\,-\,; tawjuhan, Opposite, over against.
A 2', tawdd, (v1 of e, wadda) Loving one another. Mutual
friendship. Benevolence.
A t: tawdue, (v1 of 9,) Making peace. Being recon
ciled. Releasing, or forgiving one another.
A. se; tawdi, (pl. of &e, tawdiyat) Pieces of wood (put
beneath the udder to prevent a camel's being sucked). Dwarfs.
P_\; tawr, A rope for tying on a (camel's) load.
Pe; tawramidan, To lay one upon another. To be
placed, joined, inserted, affixed.
P sy), tawrh, A law. (CAstellus).
A ~); tawrus, (v1 of Ge) Possessing by inheritance.
A 9); tawrud, (v1 of 92) Descending together to drink.
Corresponding by letter. Unintentionally inserting the sense of
another in one's own poems. Insinuation.
A 9); tawruk, (v1 of 93) Sitting cross-legged.
P ); tawrah, A structure of reeds, under which is the dung
hill, the privy, and such like. A straw-hut, in which the keepers
of the vineyard take shelter. Tuwarah, Thorns fixed on a wall.
A : tawr, (v1 of x) Disappearing. Lying hid.
A t; tawrkh, (pl. of t ta-rikh) Epochs, dates. His
tories, chronicles. ; Js) ahl-i tawrkh, A historian.
A j); tawzu, (v1 of -352) Balancing expences.
A cy"; tawzun, (v1 of ej) Being equal in weight.
A 5, tawz, (v1 of .552) Being parallel (lines); equality.
P Jj tawzdan, To augment a heap by little and little.
3 N 2
 \;3
*J-y ticsi, A carpet, an embroidered rug.
A B4'; tawshus, (v1 of 3.82) Meeting, joining together.
A i.e.; tawsu, (v1 of i.e.) Mutually praising, describing,
recounting, or relating (anything).
A J; tawasul, (v1 of J.e.) Being joined together. Acting
in concert. Conjunction.
A <!--"; tawsult, (pl. of J-y tawasul) Conjunctions.
A Jy taws, (VI of Je) Commanding, enjoining, charg
ing one another. Being inited, allied, joined.
A *; tawazukh, (v1 of **) Striving about drawing water.
A. s tawazut, (v1 of s) Humbling, abasing one's self.
Humility, submission. Pretended kindness, empty compliment.
***, *- .8-4); tawzut-i samarkandi, False politeness. J
t; J- bar sabil-i tawazu't, By way of submission.
**; tawatuh, (v1 of *)
Fighting. Flocking in crowds
(as camels to a watering-trough).
A *;
tawatukh (for *}),
Fighting. Thronging (camels).
A Lk tawatus, (v1 of J) Rushing. Dashing (waves).
A}}} tawatu-a, (v1 of J) Consenting, agreeing.
A. we'; tawazud, (v1 of Xe) Promising to one another. Ap
pointing a time and place (for doing any thing).
P *; tuwaghaj, The bark of a certain tree.
A 2'; tawfur, (v1 of,3,) Abounding, being numerous.
A c; tawafuk, (v1 of C) Agreeing together. Helping
one another. Concord, good understanding. League, conspi
racy. (in arithmetic) Being divisible by the same quantity,
without leaving a remainder; commensurability.
A 3); tawaf, (VI of #2) Coming all in great numbers.
A J'; extremely propense. A man's name.
tawwak, Wistful,
A *; tawakuh, (VI of) Behaving proudly and insolently
(towards others). Contending obstinately, stickling for.
A L23); tawkus, (v1 of Jai,) Being short in the neck.
A t; tawkut, (v1 of 852) Tumbling over one another.
A tawku, (v1 of -li;) Facing one another (foes).
A s tarck?t, (pl. of 83; tawkit) Royal letters. ling together, going at the same pace.
A ; tawakuz, (VI of A%) Being intricate (business).
A is, tawakuf, (v1 of -9) Declining, turning away from.
A J; tawkul, (v1 of J%) Trusting to each other's support. A J; tawyul, (v1 of J22) Crying to one another, woe!
Deserting, forsaking. Mutual confidence.
A-; tasikalawi kawa-in, Wanting feet.
A *F tawkd, Girths, belts, surcingles.
"A"; tuteagar (for 3); tuwngar), Rich. Powerful.
r J, tuival, The end, the extremity of a thing. Return.
A Al; tawlud, (v1 of Als) Begetting, propagating. Becom.
ing numerous (offspring). Generation, birth. Succession.
A Jy tawlus, (v1 of v) Helping one another to deceive.
Abetting each other in fraud and mischief.
A. il); tawlu, (v1 of -il) Cultivating friendship.
460
-->
A. tawli, (pl. of 3.5 taliyat)
The extremities (as the
feet or tail). The last beasts of a herd, those in the rear.
A J); tawalz, (v1 of J.) Following in succession. Begin
ning to dry (fresh dates). Continuation. J! J- In succession.
P e"; tuwlidan, To prick. To vex, to distress.
, A *; tax-am, A twin. The second lot or throw at dice,
J * &alam-i zafar-taw-am, The twin-brother of victory,
i. e. A victorious standard.
tu-wam, Joined, coupled. ''}; .82.9 Tears flowing
A.
uninterruptedly. e'; 22 durr-i ti-wan, Pearls strung together.
A *} tarc-amni, (dual of '; taw-am) Twins.
A 4-cy taw-amat (fem. of *; taw-am) A twin.
A &# tu-camiyat, A pearl.
e); tuwan, Power, strength, valour. It is worth. It is pos.
P
sible. A cloud. (in comp.) Able, powerful. e); Wii Jur
man-i kaz-tuwan, Commands powerful as fate, i.e. irresistible.
PU'; tuican, Powerful, strong, robust, able. Omnipotent.
Jjj; ; 9); tuwana o purzr, Powerful and full of vigour.
P Js tuicnhi, Power. (CAstellus).
P J; tuwana-7, Power, strength, ability. The hand.
P &"; tawnchah, (equivalent to *** tapanchah) A slap.
P -->4) e; Tuzcan-dokht, The daughter of Khusraw Parvz.
P ~". tuwanistan, To be powerful, able, equal to.
... . Great, powerful. Rich, opulent.
ej; tuwngarn, The rich and powerful.
P
P -; tuwangary, Powerfulness. Wealth, opulence.
2. .
J; tuwng, Riches, goods, wealth.
P
-
tawan, (v1 of 3:) Coming short. Forgetting. Delay,
A
slowness, languor, lassitude. J); }; bila tawn, Without delay.
P e; tawndan, To suffer pain. To revile. (CASTELLUS).
Turcanidan, To be able.
A s'; tawhub, (v1 of C-S,) Making presents mutually.
r & s; tawhchah, Meat well dressed.
A v-s tawhus, (v1 of U.S.) Quickening the pace.
A Js; tawhuk, (v1 of G) Doing any thing alike. Travel
as; tawahah, Fried. An omelet. Roast meat.
P
J; tawh; (for us tabhi), Destroyed. Incomplete.
P
J-'; tuwyastan, To be powerful or able. (CASTELL's).
P
A ;
taw-im, (pl. of 2.5 ta-im) Twins.
P &\; Tawyah, Name of a champion of Trn.
-
A -->; taleb (from ~5), Repenting, returning (from sim to
God). Turning, becoming gracious (as God to man).
P ; tb, A fold, twist. Multiplicity. Power. The Y
A * > tuba, Name of a tree in Paradise.
P *}\; tubarah, A he-goat.
-
P J tubl (or J; tpal), The end, extremity. Return,
Dross, filings. Copper. (Gen. iv. 22). *** Jy tbalu'l
hadid, Dross of iron. U. ,J\}; tbl-i miss, Blue vitriol.
 -

Q-3-
p Jy tubmulun, Name of a plant yielding a milky juice.
P J%; tbn,Wrestler's breeches, very short, and besmeared
all over with oil or grease. (CAstellus).
A &; tawbat (or & 55 tobah), (from c-), Repentance. Con
version. Vowing to sin no more (i.e. to drink no more wine).
461 **
P z; ttmj, Vermicelli-soup.
P; ; tt, Covering each other (as the coats of an onion).
P &; titah, A mole on the skin, a freckle. A weevil.
rus; tilti, A parrot. A bridal portion. A ship.
; tutiya, Tutty. 2% *; tutiya-i akbar, A shell
P

PA; tubar (or 2; tpar), A bird. A traveller's wallet.
P; ; t bar to, Fold on fold. Step by step. A pasty, a tutty, a remedy for national
fritter, pancake, unleavened bread. A sieve with large meshes.
Self-willed. An eater of unlawful food. A scoundrel.
p cry f tub-rasan, A twisted rope. The threads of a rope.
p f tubrah, A beggar's wallet. Saddle-bags.
P f tubazah, An oblong slice of a melon.
P 4; tithak, A fuller's beetle. A strong box. A larder.
P J; tubki, Name of a coin that was formerly current.
P J.; tubal, Bald on the forehead. The forehead.
A&; tawbalat (from J; 9), Seasoning (a pot).
r &; tubah, The rainbow.
PJ's &; tbah-kr, Penitent. Restrained by a vow.
P &; tobah-kri, Penitence. A vow of abstinence.
A&; tawbi-at, (11 of \,) Arranging, drawing up.
A *; tawbikh, (11 of & not in use) Threatening. Chiding,
rebuking. A reproach. Pe &; To blame. To threaten.
A \su; tawbikhan (p &\su; tawbikhnah), Invectively.
whence they make tutty. --> : tutiya-i dawlat, State
affairs. 33.9 ; tiltiy-i didah,
A collyrium or medicine for the eyes. Q2; : tatiya-i zard,
The Basrah-stone. - ..s, ttiy-i sabz, Green vitriol.
P J f tiltiy-misil, Like tutty.
A t: tawtikh, (11 of t) Making a small present.
A \ tawtid, (11 of x.) Fixing firmly (a stake). A priapism.
A y; tawtir, (11 of F.) Putting on a bow-string. Drawing
(a bow) vigorously. Repeating (prayers) separately.
A tawassub, (v of 3) Rising up with a sudden spring.
Running (to any thing dropt by another) and seizing (it).
A c tawassuk, (w of J) Being firm, steady (in business).
A.J.;; tu-sur, Alictor or officer under the collector of revenue.
The iron with which they mark the soles of the camels' feet (in
order to know their footsteps).
A --> taws7b, (11 of 3) Placing a cushion for another,
desiring him to sit. Ordering one to rise or leap.
A &; tawsi-at, (11 of 9) Rendering soft, bruising (as a

Aj, tawbir, (11 of 23) Running to hard ground (a hare or
fox, that their footsteps may not be seen). Flying, wandering.
Being alienated. Staying at home. Sprinkling the male flowers
on the female palm-tree. Producing down (an ostrich).
A L; tawbish, (11 of U) Being mixed, of all ranks
(people). Blowing (a coal alive) till (it) flames. Applying to
(anything) with great attention. Flocking to a place (people
from all quarters).
A La ; tawbis, (11 of La 2) Opening the eyes (a whelp).
A s; tawbiz, (11 of t not in use) Breaking wind.
A t tawbigh, (11 of **) Upbraiding, affronting.
Tr top, A cannon. Feej --; top zadan, To cannonade.
* tip, (in ancient Persian) An apple. (A c tuffh).
PJ; tpl, Particles of gold, silver, iron, or copper.
Trjoj top-andz, An artillery-man, a bombardier.
TUs top-chi, A commissary of ordnance.
t s. r; top-khnah, An arsenal. A park of artillery.
A tacitat, An hour (of the day or night).
A G-: tt, A mulberry. The mulberry-tree. J.--> ,;
tilt-i wahshiy (, J. a- .c; tat-i seh gul), The blackberry.
A t: tawattuh, (v of c) Drinking a little (wine).
AFF tawattur, (v of F,) Being hard, stiff (a nerve, the neck).
P <&; totak, A parrot. A sort of bread. A shepherd's
Pipe. Name of a street in Shirz.
* <i> tawtag, A money-chest. A larder, a pantry.
P Jy ttagi (or J; tbaki), A coin formerly current.
blow the flesh). Hurting the flesh, but not the bone. Dislo
cating a bone without fracturing it.
A ry taws?r, (II of AE) Softening by beating or treading.
A tawsf, (11 of ) Underpropping (a kettle).
A C tarcsik, (11 of J) Establishing, strengthening, mak
ing fast. Desiring one to rest satisfied.
A Jy tawszl, (11 of J, not in use) Joining. Strengthening,
rendering powerful. Acquiring (wealth, or cattle).
P zy tj, Brass. Bronze. Copper. Bell-metal. A quince.
P 4-5 tigabah, An inundation. An angel. (BURHAN.)
A 3-5 tawaijud, (v of X-2) Being ravished, rapt in ecstacy.
Being indisposed from, and complaining of, want of sleep. La
menting (the fate of another).
A 2-5 tacajur, (v of ,-2) Swallowing (medicine). Drink
ing (water) unwillingly.
Aj-, tawaijuz, (v of j-2) Performing expeditiously. Asking,
petitioning. Acquiring, purchasing (any thing).
A U-5 tawajus, (v of U-2 obsol.) Hearing a low sound,
and turning the ear to it. Getting wind of. Becoming afraid.
A 8--> tawaijut, (v of s-3) Being pained. Grieving for.
A J-3, tawaijun, (v of c-2) Submitting, supplicating.
Ajy tawaiju-a, (v of **) Striking (with hand or knife).
A 4-5 tawaijuh, (v of &z) Turning to go any where. Pro
ceeding towards. Fleeing away. Being routed. Approaching.
Being honourable. Bending through old age. Conversion.
Kindness, favour, obligingness. J-3-3-3, tawaiju-i khss, A
 #2 462 2.5
turning (of the face) God-ward. PJ-Tj 3-y tawajju-i niyz To search, seek. To draw. To shew, spread, display, let off
mz, Prayers mixed with humility, a humble prayer. To place or set a trap. (for J**** dokhtan) To sew, to stitch.
A U-55 tawaiji, (V of L-2) Having a pain in the hoof. P &; tkhtah, Paid. Wished. Drawn. Emigration.
P U-y tjiya, A torrent, flowing of water. (CASTELLus.) P *; tkhaj, The sound (made in coughing). A noise.
A Q-2-5 tawjib, (II of -a-2) Rendering necessary. Im ****, takhjah, The top of a wall whereon anything may be
posing a necessity. Declaring to be obligatory. Accustoming placed. Anything placed upon it (as thorns, by way offence).
one's self to. Eating once in a day. Milking (camels) every P Lc, tawakhsh, (equivalent to ej) Drawing.
A --> tawakhkhum, (v of **) Being unhealthy, unwhole
twenty-four hours. Curdling in the udder (beestings). Being
fatigued (camels). Throwing on the ground (a man). Fixing some (as a country, meat, and the like).
a time for the performance of any thing. A c-5' tawakhkhun, A tending to good or evil.
A &-; tawji-at, (11 of-2) Finding (a well) without water. A J-35 tawakhkhi, (v of J.-->) Purposing. Having rather.
A 4-55 tawjih, (11 of 6-2) Turning towards. Planting (a A *; tawkhiyat, (11 of J) Sending towards.
palm-tree) and inclining it towards the north. Sending one to A U++3; tawkhish, (11 of Jc) Giving little. Throwing,
another (on business). Rendering conspicuous, respectable. casting. Mixing, confounding. Obeying.
Promoting to honour. Appointing to a government. Calling re; tud (for c, tt), The mulberry. Td (for se; tdah),
one's attention. Explaining, accounting for. Putting forth his A hill. Top, summit. A heap (of corn). A camel's bunch.
two fore-feet together (a foal in the birth). Giving an uniform A 955 tild, Name of a tree. *2),3 2't tudi, Name of a
appearance to the earth (rain). Conversion. Mission. A join place where such trees are found in abundance.
ing together. Ambiguity of speech. The penultimate con A 39;; tawaddat, Patience, mildness. A slow step.
sonant at the end of a verse, (which may be changed for an A 99; tawaddud, (v of ex wadda) Demonstration of affection.
other and is usually inflected with the vowels (*) u or (*) a. The Gaining the love of another. & s, 22; Love and friendship,
vowel itself. Adjustment. Assessment. A description-roll. A_je; tawaddur, (v of Jy) Being prodigal, reducing one's
e &-3; tjiyah, A torrent, a flux of water. self to poverty. Plunging into (business).
p v; &-5, tawjih-nawis, A keeper of description-rolls. P pe; todarah, A bustard.
P &-5 tachah, An endeavour. A journey. P sy->5 tildari, An herb, mallows.
A 2-3, tawahhud, (v of 3-3) Being single, or unparalleled. A ve; tawaddus, (v of U.e.) Being clothed with young
Remaining alone. Being united. Protecting any one (God). grass (the earth). Pasturing upon early herbage.
A U-5 tawahhush, (v of U) Being desolate. Clinging rus-ex tdasti, Aid, assistance. Friendship. (Buhhas.)
A 9; tawaddu, (v of 89.) Being deposited, put away sale,
with hunger. Fasting before taking medicine. Aversion, horror.
A --> tawahhum, (v of e-2) Waxing warm (cattle). given in charge. Depositing, laying by. Having over and

A c-3; tawahhun, A largeness of the belly. Baseness, mean
ness of spirit. Ruin, destruction.
A c3=} tawahwuh, (II of c;--> 0) Shewing affection for, sit
ting upon (her eggs, a female-ostrich).
A -> tawahhi, (v of J-2) Making haste.
A &=; tawhiyat, (11 of U-2) Causing to make haste.
A 3-5, tawhid, (11 of A-2) Making one. Declaring to be
one. Unity. *~x) at tawhid, The unity (of God). P -55
J% tawhid kardan, To make one. To acknowledge one God.
A Ut-3; tawhish, (ii of U-9) Throwing away (cloak, arms,
and spear) in flight. Desolating. Terrifying, putting to flight.
A in-> tawhf, (11 of L-2) Striking with a stick. Throw
ing one's self on the ground, lying down (a man, or a camel).
A. *-> tawhim, (II of -:) Giving a pregnant woman what
above, neglecting. Bidding farewell, taking leave, dismissing:
Shunning, avoiding. Being meek, quiet, placid (man).
A Se; tawaddu, (v of -3.3.) Enquiring (news). APP
ing on the summit of a hill (a goat).
A Je; tawaddun, (v of eye;) Being soft and smooth (a hide).
Aje; tawaddu-a, (voflex) Carrying destruction among those
who suspect no danger. Being prevented from arriving (news).
Being equalled, levelled, thrown down (earth).
P 829; tduh (or 82.95 turh), A pair, a brace.
P sex; todah, A heap. A rick, a stack. A hillock, a *
The butt or mark at which arrows are shot. A-39; "
khak, A mound or heap of earth. J;3% $3; tda-i kfr, A
heap of snow. A fair skin. <!- <\ tdah-i khk, Tro
pics, climes, degrees of latitude. The human frame.
A &e; tawdi-at, (11 of "ex) Carrying destruction (among"

she longs for. Sacrificing. Exuding (sap from a green stick). men). Levelling the ground (over any thing).
A tawkh (from ), Being thrust (the finger into a pulp). &e; tawdiyat, A dwarf, short of stature. A piece of wood
A

e J --~; tkht shudan, To be avenged. put on the udder to prevent a camel from being sucked.
a 23; tawdir, (11 of ye;) Driving (one) into *g" de
P c-> takhtan, To pay a debt. To return any thing bor
rowed. To acquire, gain, collect by degrees. To wish, want. struction. Seducing. Being prodigal, extravagan"
 __
A v.2; tawds, (11 of Us) Being hidden, concealed. Be
ginning to look verdant with young herbage (ground).
A8-39; tawdit, (ii of 89.) Laying up (a vest) in its place.
Leaving. Bidding adieu, taking leave. Rearing a stallion.
A 4F tawdik, (II of c) Placing in fat.
Acy tawdin, (11 of e) Moistening, dissolving in water.
A is, tawassu, (v of i) Walking fast, but proudly.
A Jy tawazzun, Conversion, repentance. Admiration.
Az; tawzir, (11 of) Cutting (meat) in pieces.
A Q-49; tawzi, (II of 3) Walking fast, but proudly.
A * tawzim, (II of **) Exceeding fifty in number. Cut
ting in pieces. Curing (a camel) of warts upon the udder called
wazam. Putting a collar round a dog's neck.
AJ3; tawr, An internuncio, a mediator, an ambassador (sent
to conciliate differences). A vessel (out of which water is drank).
P_3; Tr, Name of the son of Faridn. The country of T
rn. A sturdy wrestler. A friend. A sweetheart. Beloved.
Search, enquiry. Sought. Cream. Milk-pottage. A widow.
Household furniture. Hospitality. A banquet. Alarm, terror.
Departure. A beverage. A match for fire-arms. A tuft or
plume. Grass called y tursh. Smooth, bright, pure. A little.
Py; tawar (for f tabar), A halbert, a pole-axe, a hatchet.
P 95; tr, (in ancient Persian) An ox. A cow. (AJ3; sawr).
A~); tawrab, (~); turb is preferable) Earth, dust.
A39; tawrt, (Heb. Tnyn) The Mosaic law, the Pentateuch.
re); Turn, Turkomania, Turkistan, Transoxania.
re-eley; Trn-dokht, Name of the daughter of Khus
raw Parvez who reigned in Persia sixteen months.
p *-y; Turn-shh, The king of Trn. The proper name
of many distinguished men.
* @y Trn, A Scythian, a Turkomn.
Pjy turtiz, Ease, comfort, competency.
r, Traj, Name ofthe eldest son of Faridin, who obtained
from his father the empire of Trn.
A y tawarrukh, (v of :) Being soft and thin (a mass of
paste). Being irrigated, moistened (the earth).
A 99, tawarrud, (v of 32) Blushing like the rose. Entering
by troops (horsemen). Going into water in order to drink.
**y; tuwarzi (and cy; tawar-zin), A battle-axe.
* Ly; tirsh (for Uy tursh), Acid, sour.
Aby tawarrut, (v of) Falling into difficulty or destruction.
* {2}, tawarrut, (v of & 2) Abstaining; being restrained.
A Jy tawarruk, (w of J2) Plucking, and devouring leaves.
P turak, Purslain. Name of a hero.
A t tawarruk, (v of -) Reclining on the right side, or
stretching both legs, when sitting to the right. Sitting (at prayer)
with one buttock upon the right foot, and the other on the ground
(Prohibited by the Muhammadan law). Riding on one hip of
* camel. Turning up one leg, and sitting upon one hip on
*back, either when sore with riding, or when going to alight. haunch. Being equal to any business, succeeding. Sitting with
463 J;
Carrying a child on one hip (a woman). Delaying, hesitating,
suspending business. Staying in a place. Bedaubing one's self.
A JF tawrala (or y tawral), An evil, a misfortune.
A by tawarrum, (v of ey) Being seized with a swelling.
A cy; tawarrun, The frequent use of unguents. Softness.
P g turunj, An orange.
P &y; trang, A cock-pheasant.
pe,999; Turangan, God, the creator and bestower of life.
A:); tawarru-a, (v of 92) Being levelled (the earth).
p f tirwah, A sack, a scrip, a wallet. Alike, equal.
p f tawrah, A beloved (son or daughter).
f s, trah, Law, regulation. Custom, rite. A jackall. A
fetter. A tray of victuals.
A 895, tawarruh, (v of sy) Being stupid, ignorant, lazy.
A f tawarri, (v of 59) Withdrawing, lurking.
P Jy Triyn, (pl. of 5); Turi) Turkomns, Parthians.
A r); tawrb, (II of-0) Withdrawing, avoiding.
A &y tawri-at, (11 of 92) Knowing.
A #2; tawriyat, (11 of 59) Concealing, dissembling. Re
ceiving private intelligence, and publishing something different.
Wishing one thing and pretending another. Turning away (the
face from one). Striking fire with a steel. Bringing on a dis
ease of the lungs (called 59, wara'). Ending with similar con
sonants (the periods of an oration, 3.35 kfiyat expressing
poetic rhymes). An enigma.
A c-; Tawrit, The books of Moses. C-p; Js ahl-i
tazrit, Those who adhere to the law of Moses, the Jews.
A c-; tawris, (11 of x) Appointing an heir. (equivalent
to ~~~ ta-ris), Stirring (the fire) to make (it) burn brisker.
At: tawrkh, (11 of &J) Putting the date (to a letter).
A x_j taicrid, (11 of 92) Blossoming (a tree). Painting the
cheeks of a rose-colour (women).
pe; tridan, To be very much ashamed. To run away.
r; y Tawrie, Name of the capital of Azarbjn.
A Ly; tax ris, (11 of Jy) Dyeing (cloth) yellow.
A Ly; tawrish, (II of L) Instigating one against ano
ther. Exciting dissensions and tumults.
A Ly; tawriz, (11 of Jy 2) Going round a country in quest
of forage. Resolving to fast. Laying an egg with ease (a hen).
Easing nature without difficulty.
Alay; tawrit, (11 of ) Precipitating to destruction. Con
cealing (his camels) among others, so that they cannot be distin
guished (when the tything-man comes to number them).
A 80; tawrie, (11 of& 9:) Checking, repressing; abstaining.
A -j tawrif, (11 of -509) Being long and ample. Ex
tending a great way (a shadow). Being verdant (plants).
Pressing with the lips in order to suck. Dividing (land).
A cy; tawrik, (II of Up) Being full of leaves (a tree).
A <</5 tawrik, (11 of %) Placing (any thing) near the
 C- 464 CA
the thigh on the back of a horse. Going by the side of a moun Putting (anything) under the head for a pillow. Laying the
tain. Leaning to a side. Accusing of a crime. Swearing with Kur'n under the pillow (implying both to neglect and to studyi).
a different intention from what the purpose of the oath requires. A la-> tawassut, (w of a-) Being the middle. Becoming a
A *): tawrim, (11 of v;) Causing to swell. Making angry. mediator or umpire. Sitting in the midst. Penetrating into the
Being proud. marrow of anything. Taking the medium between good and bad.
pj; tox, (imp. and part of c-3; tkhtan) Gain. Seek. A 8-5 tawassue, (v of 3-2) Sitting with ease, not crowded.
Pay, restore. Collecting, gaining. Paying, refunding. Let A &- tawsiaat, Amplitude.
ting go. Sewing. Drawing. Spreading a net. Stagnating. A i-s tawassu, (v of -i-.) Being excoriated, or peeled.
A petition. The thin bark of a tree, like the papyrus, which Throwing off scales or scabs from sores. Becoming fat. Cast.
is wrapped round bows by way of ornament, or to make them ing the old and getting a new coat (a camel).
more smooth. Heat. Study, endeavour. Assault. Spoil, plun A J-5 tareassu, (v of J-, not in use) Having recourse to,
der. Discharge. Name of a city. Name of a woman. resigning one's self to God. Endeavouring to recommend one's
Aj; tz, Form. Nature. Origin, stock. Name of a tree. self to the notice and favour of God. Attaining (to any thing by
A stick used in a game called < kujjah, a bandy. the help of another). Thieving, taking away by stealth. Con
AJ3; Tzar, Name of a city in Africa. fidence, reliance. Introduction, conjunction, copulation.
A -> tawassum, (v of -:) Discovering by physiognomy,
A_j > tawazzur, (v of 252) Being chosen to, or exercising, the
office of vzir or prime-minister. and prognosticating good. Taking an example, or warning,
A. & j; tawazzu: , (v of {j}) Dividing among themselves. Painting one's self. Pasturing upon early spring forage.
A c-3; taxesan, A species of the beaver.
Spreading themselves abroad (in all directions).
P3; tzak, Institute, regulation. re-; tsan and taissan, A young unbroke horse. A high
blooded, noble steed, a war-horse. A plump horse. & c;
A33; tawazzu-a, (v of 92) Being filled (a leathern bottle). e-e tsan-i tund-tinn, A horse hard-mouthed, unmanageable.
Filling one's self by drinking, taking enough. A c-3; tawassun, (v of er) Stealing upon (a woman) asleep.
p f tawzi, A fine green garment worn in Yaman (Ara P <<> titsang, Contentment.
bia Felix). A game of chance, to fix the distribution of the
P 4-5 titsah, Fat (horse or other animal).
joints of slaughtered camels. Portions given to each. A **: tawszkh, (11 of **) Dirtying (clothes).
r 5; tz7, Contiguous, conjoined. Involved, twisted toge
ther. A garment lined and quilted with cotton. A ship. Toxi, A 3-5 tates?d, (11 of ~) Placing a cushion.
A a-> taws it, (11 of la-) Placing in the middle. Dividing
A light summer-garment, manufactured at Toz.
A j, tawasiy, Fine Arabian linen. Tsy, A dusty garment. in the middle. Appointing, or taking for a mediator.
A s-55 tawst, (11 of S-2) Enlarging. Investing with
A &; taw:i-at, (11 of 3) Throwing his rider (a camel). power. Enriching. 28-> The extending of the territories.
Filling (a leathern bottle). Shutting (a purse) and tying firmly
A G-5 tacsik, (11 of G-2) Collecting into one load, or di
what is in (it). Binding (one) by oath.
re, Aj; tsdan, To shew, to display. To pay. To gain, viding into distinct loads (corn).
A J-5, tawsil, (11 of J-, obsol.) Having recourse", putting
to collect. To draw, to spread. To sack, to plunder.
A & j > tarcz7t, (i. of & 5:) Dividing, distributing amongst
one's trust in, God. Seeking the favour of God by good works.
several persons. Ordering people to do any thing separately. A --> tawsm, (11 of -:) Assembling from all quarters,"
A *j;" taw:igh, (11 of {j}) Moving. Forming, or being celebrate the festival of Mecca.
r U tosh, Power, strength, vigour. Body. A lion. An
formed, in the womb. emotion of mind. A dying convulsion. Manifest. Hunger.
A j taw:7f, (11 of 55) Going fast.
A ~j; taw:7m, (11 of j;) Confining. Restraining one's
V:\; t ar), Thou to him.
Food sufficient for a meal. (for
A C*; tush, Nature. Form. Origin.
self to one meal a day. r U tawish (equivalent to U- tabish), Heat, warmth.
Pj; tj, A sign made by the finger (in pointing to a woman, r 35 tawshat, A mattock, spade, hoe. Tatrisht, Heat.
and saying, There she is). Thin bark resembling the papyrus. A *; tawashshuh, (v of *, obsol.) Putting on the sash or

P .55: tji, A school-boy's picnic.
PC-y tis, Hard, barren soil. Name of a hero.
A vy tus, Nature, disposition. Origin. A tent.
P --~~ to'st, (as --> re' j) az an-i tost) It is thine.
A z tawassukh, (v of **) Being dirtied (clothes).
belt, called c, wishh. Girding on a sword. Putting on a *
re, A.; tsh-dn (also ee &; tshah-dn), A ****
wallet, a traveller's provision-bag. A pouch, a sanov
Aj; tawashshuz, (v of Fx) Preparing against nw.

A ** tawassud, (v of 3-2) Leaning, reclining upon a cushion. A *-*; tawashshut, (v of t) Climbing a mountain.
 4
L 465
A tawashshugh, (v of 8-9) Disgracing one's self (by
any thing base, as a lie).
P *: tushak, A kid. A cat. A carpet. Bedding. A quilt.
r &&. &; tshak-khnah, Awardrobe.
re; tashgn, The stove of a bath.
P J tushal, A fine garment worn in Yaman.
r J; toshmal, A commissary, a collector of revenue, a
servant of the sovereign.
re; tshmn, A sign. The middle area of a house.
A L; tawashrush, (11 of Jz Q) Being mingled, con
founded. Being agitated, in commotion. Muttering together.
P &; tshah, Provisions, necessaries. e-'-2 &; tshah
bar dashtan, To set out upon a journey. --- *; tosha-i
sy *; tsha-i rh, Provisions for the
ehashm, A wistful look.
road. &; L *; gsha- bi toshah, A nook barren of pro
visions: a barren district.
P &\s- asy tshah-khnah, Awardrobe. A store-room.
rele &; tshah-dn, A wallet, a provision-bag.
Puz tshi, The last breath or convulsion. Children's picnic.
!. *C*; tawashshi, (v of J) Being conspicuous. Shining
(as grey hairs amongst the black).
*...* A*; tawshiyat, (11 of J) Dyeing (cloth) well.
A **; tawshij, (11 of **) Connecting firmly (propinquity).
Binding any thing with ropes or straps, so that it cannot fall off.
***; tawshih, (11 of **) Putting on a girdle. (in poetry)
Arranging the verses, so that the initial of each line being put
together, may form some word or verse. (Gladwin's Dissert).
A s tawshit, (11 of s) Winding (wool) into clews fit
for weaving or spinning; rolling in spiral hanks round the thumb
and little finger. Marking (cloth). Appearing (as grey hairs).
A t tawshigh, (11 of 8x) Staining garments with blood.
A G tawshik, (11 of G) Drying parboiled flesh (of
camels) cut into oblong slices. Dividing, separating.
A *; tawshik, (11 of ~ $33) Being swift, expeditious.
A **; tawshim, (11 of **) Pricking (the skin) with needles
in various figures, and rubbing the punctures with woad or in
digo (thereby making an indelible impression).
A G-ex tawassub, (v of -2.2) Being sick, ailing.
A i.e; tawassu, (v of -3.2) Being described, celebrated.
AJ-5, tawassul, (v of J.e.) Being joined. Forming a con
nexion by marriage. Arriving. Attaining, finding. Obtain
ing any thing by stratagem or cajolery. Receiving kindly, being
affable, easy of access.
A *; tawassum, (v of **) Being broken down (by fever).
**; tarsiyat, (11 of ex) Recommending. Admonishing.
Making a will, bequeathing. -ey A bila tawsiyat, Intestate.
A *e; tawsid, (11 of 3.2) Striking with horror, frightening.
* Laze; tacsis, (11 of J2, wassa, not in use) Veiling (her)
face (a woman), so as to leave no part visible except (her) eyes.
*>
A ire; talesi, (11 of ~ i.e.) Describing. Commending.
Qualifying. Contracting, agreeing with. Selling, disposing of
A Jey tawsil, (11 of J-2) Joining, connecting closely.
A *; taws im, (11 of **) Weakening, breaking down the
body (as a fever). Fracturing a limb.
A <> Tuzah, Name of a place in Arabia.
A *; tawazzuh, (w of) Being manifest. Showing.
A *: tawazzum, (w of **) Having to do (with a woman).
a 3-y tawazzu-a, (w of t) Performing the ablutions before
prayer. Bathing, washing the body. Arriving at the age of
puberty (boys or girls), when ablutions must be observed.
A *** tawzih, (11 of **) Publishing, illustrating.
A <><\; tawzzht, (pl. of **: tawzih) Illustrations,
A s; talezja, (11 of s) Causing one to give (something)
in charge. Quilting an under garment with cotton.
A *; tawattud, (v of **) Being firm, established.
A Jy tawattun, (w ofe) Fixing one's residence any where.
Applying, accustoming (the mind) to any thing.
Ajy tawattu-a, (v of J) Kicking. Treading upon, com
pressing. Putting the foot on the ground. Agreeing, consenting.
A ; tawatwut, The cries of an infant.
-
A &; tawti-at, (11 of J) Kicking. Treading upon. Ex
panding, rendering soft and level, making a bed.
A *; tawtid, (11 of Alex) Uniting firmly. Making solid.
A U tawtish, (11 of L*) Repulsing, stretching out, and
striking with (the hand). Opening or referring (any thing) to
another. Giving something. Refusing to give. Accommoda
ting to the humour of another your speech, counsel, or behaviour.
A s tawtin, (11 of c) Choosing as a place of residence.
Habituating the mind to (any thing). Giving rest.
A : tawzzf, (11 of i) Assigning, writing an order,
paying (any one) a daily stipend.
A & F tawa (from & 2), Dipping bread in cream or butter.
A 2-53 tawa&ud, (v of Mex) Menacing. Terrifying. Rush
ing upon. Being alarmed by threats, fearing from foreboded ill.
A re; tawattur, (V of Jes) Being rough, uneven (a path).
Being bewildered, embarrassed (in speaking). Being difficult,
at a stand-still (business). Being hard, morose (man).
A Je; tawattul, (v of Je) Climbing or standing on a hill.
A Je; tawattun, (w of eye, not in use) Taking the whole
(thing). Becoming very fat (camels). -
A re; tawa?d, (11 of sex) Terrifying, menacing.
A re; tawr, (11 of Jez) Making thick, rough, or difficult.
Preventing, prohibiting.
Axe? tawazz, (11 of je) Commanding. Making a sign to
another to do any thing.
A cex tawa?h, (11 of Ge) Calling one morose, refractory,
stubborn, or ill-tempered. Opposing, thwarting.
P 3; tigh, Wood. The tamarisk. A kind of wood which
burns several days. A horse's tail used as a military standard.
3 O
 C3:2
P \; tawgh, A dish made up of lamb's flesh, flour, and acidu
lated milk.
P z; tghj, Name of an astringent root.
Ajy tawaghghur, (v of A.) Burning with rage.
A J; tawaghghul, (v of J.) Travelling to a distance.
A. *** tawaghghum, (v of **) Being enraged against.
a c, tawaghghun, (v of c, obsolete) Intrepidity in battle.
Az; targhir, (11 of AE) Stimulating to hatred. Heating
milk, by putting into it a hot stone.
Ajy tawghiz, (11 of j) Excelling, being superior to:
A vice; taxeghiz, (11 of Ji, not in use) Filling (a vessel).
r ; t, A wheal, a black or blue mark left by a stripe.
Movement, agitation. Tuf (or -3; ni), Echo, clamour, noise.
A J%; taw.fak, The time when any thing happens, or takes
its rise. Season, opportunity.
P J; tufan, Noise, sound, din; the confused hum of men
or animals. The roaring of the sea. A storm.
A&#; taw.fat, Languor. A blunder, a fault, a crime. Tufat,
A vice. Necessity. Excess. Delay, hesitation.
A 33; tawaffud, (v of A$2.) Overtopping, excelling.
Ajy tawaffur, (v of 53.) Respecting, reverencing. Paying
everything which one owes. Flowing together. Being copious.
A}; tawaffuz, (w of j, not in use) Preparing to resist evil.
A C; tax fak, Anything proper, convenient, advantageous.
A convenient season. A quantity sufficient without superfluity.
A C, tawaffuk, (v of C) Being happy, prosperous.
A 3; tawaffi, (V of L) Paying or receiving the whole of
what is due. Receiving to himself (as God the souls of the just).
Giving up the ghost. Being cut off by the plague.
A &; tatyat, (11 of J) Giving, or returning the whole.
A \ taxfid, (II ofa) Sending.
Puy tifidan, T cry aloud. To call for help. To roar,
to bray. To raise a tumult.
A 23; tai-fir, (11 of ,) Making complete or perfect. Mul
tiplying, increasing. Cutting (cloth) sufficiently large. Exact
ing and receiving the whole of what was due. Paying a debt com
pletely. Increase, abundance, surplus revenue. P ...) 2:3;
J <-- To make great provision of the implements of war.
A c, tawfik, (ii of c) Causing to happen prosperously
(Divine Providence); making events to conspire happily; se
conding, prospering. Accommodating, adjusting. The guid
ance, grace, or favour of God. The completion of one's wishes.
4." -- ", cl) & 2 wa bi'llhit tawfik wa atbuilayhi, Making sharp (a sword, spear, knife). Beating the hoof of a
Success depends upon God: to him I return by repentance.
p J <-'--> c, tawfik o mutawanattalab kardan,
To beg the assistance and favour of God.
A U-3; taxfil, (ii of J) Multiplying.
A c, tawk, (from J59) Desiring ardently. Inclining to, fa
vouring. Turning up unfavourably (the lot at games of hazard).
Flowing (tears). Spending one'sstrength willingly in the service
466 J;
of another. Drawing (a bow) with one's whole might. Desire,
passion, concupiscence. The crookedness of a stick.
A -\}; tkt, Piety, the fear of God.
A J; tawkan, (from U) Desiring. Favouring. Hap
pening unluckily. Being lavish of life for another. Shedding
tears. Drawing a bow. Desire, inordinate passion.
A 335, tawkat, Recovering from indisposition, convalescents.
A *; tawakkuh, (v of ) Being overbearing, tyrannical.
A 23; tawakkud, (v of 332) Burning. Kindling a flame. Ar
dour, alacrity.
Aji, tawakkur, (v of 32) Being respected, honoured. Being
modest, mild, gentle. Respect, honour. Modesty, mildness,
A U-3; tawakkush, (v of Ul) Being moved, agitated.
A U-35, tawakkus, (v of La) Going a hard pace (a horse).
A 85; tawakkuk, (v of t) Begging, praying. Expecting
any thing to be done. Request, hope. Reliance, expectation.
A ii; tawakku, (v of -ii,) Stopping, delaying. Being
firm, patient, persevering. Delay, stoppage.
A J3; tawakkul, (v of J) Ascending, standing on a hill.
A & 13; tawkalat, A horse going well over rocks and stones.
A tawakkum, (v of) Killing (game). Remembering
another's saying. Threatening. Purposing. Walking pompously.
A c tawakkun, (v of ej) Ascending, standing on a hill.
A J; tka', Piety, the fear of God.
A J tawakki, (v of J.) Being timid, cautious.
A &; tatekiyat, (II of J) Preserving, guarding from.
A G-; tarckit, (11 of c-32) Appointing a time (for any
thing). Observing the hour (of public prayer).
A ; tawkzh, (11 of g) Repairing (a pond or a well) with
turf and boards. Hardening the hoofby anointing it with grease.
A \ talekid, (11 of 332) Setting on fire, burning.
A& tarckis, (11 of 332) Leaving one indisposed.
Aj, tarckir, (11 of 3,) Honouring, revering, respecting.
Making grave, modest, respectable. Quieting, making steady
(a horse). Leaving vestiges, impressions.
A L; tawkis, (11 of v.3.) Having scabby camels.
A J; tawkish, (11 of U,) Moving.
A U-23; tawkis, (11 of Jai,) Throwing billets on the fire.
A ; tawkit, (11 of la) Digging a ditch. Abounding in,
or choosing a place full of hollows where water collects.
A t tawkie, (11 of 8-3, Striking or bruising with a mallet.
horse (a rugged road). Hurting the back (of a horse or *
camel). Wearing down a path by travelling upon it. Afflict
ing, visiting with misfortune. Signing (a letter) with the royal
signet. Doing anything slowly and deliberately. Roofing a
house. Erecting a vine-arbour or prop. Elevating the head.
Raining gently, hardly wetting the ground. The glittering
Polish of a sword. The royal signet put to diplomas, letters
 Jy
patent, and other public deeds (of an intricate formation, con
taining the king's name and titles). Opinion, conception, idea.
An arrow, or any thing similar, which falls near the mark.
A i; tawkif, (11 of -ij-) Retaining, detaining, prevent
ing, prohibiting, restraining, causing one to remain in a place.
Adorning with bracelets (a woman); putting something similar
round the feet of a horse. Strengthening the extremities of a
bow, by twisting round the nerve of a camel's neck steeped in
the blood of a stag. Making punctures on the hands, and rubbing
them with mendhi (lawsonia inermis). Going to mount <-92
garafat to celebrate the festival of Mecca. Appealing to the
sovereign, as the fountain of law. The make of the fetlock of
a horse. The adjusting of the saddle, so as not to hurt the
horse's back. The expounding of sacred writ.
.
-: * % tk, The eye. A clew of wool. A lock of hair,
A tawkf (from i), Dropping, as rain from a house,
j
.
or tears from the eyes,
A A tawakkud, (v of A%) Being confirmed. Being closely
connected, or drawn together.
AA; tawakkur, (v of ) Being filled with meat and drink
(the belly of a lad). Being crammed (a bird's crop).
Aj, tawakkuz, (v of A$) Being filled. Preparing (for mis
fortune). Leaning (on a staff). Being marked with black spots.
Being made ruler.
A ; tawakkuf, (v of i) Expecting (a person, or some
advantage). Visiting (people) often relative to (their) affairs.
A J%; tawakkul, (v of J%) Depending upon, trusting to, any
one when unable to act for one's self. Confidence in God.
Ae tawakkun, (v of e) Residing. Being possible.
A tawakku-a, (v of $) Leaning (on a staff). Crying (as
a camel in labour).
A-35 tawakwuk, (11 of % Q) Ambling.
A -F tawkib, (11 of ~%) Turning blackish (ripe dates).
A s tackit, (11 of ~$) Reddening (dates). Wealth.
A. * tawkid, (11 of 2%) Confirming, strengthening, connect
ing strongly. Energy. Making a league.
AA; tawkir, (11 of $) Giving an entertainment on the
finishing of a building. Taking a new house. Filling (a bottle).
*u- tawkis, (11 of J.9) Reproaching, reproving.
A-.5 tawki, (11 of -$) Putting (dorsers) on a camel.
A.J.; tawkil, (11 of J%) Appointing a lieutenant, deputy,
substitute, factor, or agent.
p J; tl, Gum, glue. Plaster, cement. War, contention. in running (a horse). Coming all together (men).
The circumference of the mouth. Flight, elopement.
p }; tula, A liquid composition used for whitening linens.
Al; tawall, (for Jy tawall?) Fleeing. Being appointed to
* government; discharging a function. Hope. Attachment. rings distinguished by large pearls. Ostrichs' eggs.
A <!; tuwalat, (pl. of &l; tuwalat) Misfortunes. Favours.A ; tu-am, The second arrow in the games of chance.
**): tlaj, In one piece, unseamed. A liquid composition P \s; tum, (in ancient Persian) Garlic.
used by bleachers for whitening linen. P V toma, A twin, twins.
467
A --> tazolab, A wild (or tame) ass's colt. ~y l umm-i
tawlab, (Mother of the colt) An ass.
P tulbarah, A shoe. A last. Name of a tree.
A ~); tuwalat and tarcalat, A misfortune, a dreadful cala
mity. A philtre or charm used by a wife to conciliate the affec
tion of her husband. A fascinating blandishment, or anything
which deceives and ravishes the heart. Gentleness, benignity.
A * tasia (or & taslakh), The lair of a wild beast.
A & tawalluj, (v of g) Entering.
P &; tlchah, Name of a weight.
A *: tlad or talud, Broad-faced. Straying from the right
way. One who feareth not God, neither regardeth man.
A Als tawallud, (v of **) Being generated, born. Birth.
r J; tulash, A ray. Heat. Power. Tulush, Splendour.
p 8; tillak, Ingenious, quick, intelligent.
P 4; talah, Mallows. Soft clay. A hound. Tolah, A weight.
A &; tawaliuh, (v of 4.) Being amazed, stupid (with love,
sorrow, or fear). Disorder of mind. Distraction.
A. J; tawall?, (w of J) Being appointed to an office. Turn
ing the back, taking flight. Retiring from. Being neighbour
ing, friendly. Choosing a friend.
A &; tawliyat, (11 of J.) Appointing to a government.
Turning the back, flying. Shunning, deserting. Turning to
wards, assisting. Causing (one) to turn (himself). Buying
and selling without profit. Transferring property. Exalting.
Separating a mother from her children. The superintendancy
of the affairs of mosques, churches, or other religious foundations.
A tazlff, (11 of &Causing to enter, JVC) ; tate
lijul ml, A father assigning his estate to his son during his own
life, that people may no longer importune him for legacies.
A *::: taw lid, (11 of N,) Procreating. Playing the midwife,
assisting at a birth. Producing any thing. Having one's flocks
increased by young ones. Educating, bringing up. Genera
tion, birth. Any action which produces another action (as open
ing a lock with a key).
Pe taleldan, To prick, to pierce. To cry aloud. T
lzdan, To prick. To wound with an arrow. To revile. To
quarrel. To flee away.
A s; taic, t, The being speckled with white and black spots.
A : taw lif, (11 of ) Putting down both feet at once
P e; tuligan, A kite.
A 44; tawlih, (11 of x) Distracting with love.
A *; tatem and tuwam, (pl. of &c.; tawmat) Pearls. Ear
(A sum).
Thomas.
3 O 2
 r_\s; tmr, A book, a volume, a roll. A doomsday-book.
An amulet-case which they suspend round the necks of children.
A ev) ( . . kitu't) tawman, Name of the sixth lunar
mansion in the Zodiac.
P es: tman, A myriad, 10,000. A sum of money equal to
10,000 Arabic silver drachmas (which are about one-third less
than those of the Greeks; also a sum equal to fifteen dollars and
a half). Districts into which a kingdom is divided, each being
supposed to furnish 10,000 fighting men: when the city of Sa
markand, for example, therefore, is put down for seven tomans,
it implies, that she must hold 70,000 men ready for the field on
the requisition of her sovereign. Sailors' trowsers.
A tmnt, (pl. of e's; tmn) Districts, each of loaded camel). Going as overburthened. Rushing upon.
which furnishes 10,000 men.
r_\xi\s; tmn-dr, 'The commander of a toman.
P ---: toman-dar?, The command of a tomn.
A &; tawmat, A pearl. An ear-ring distinguished by a large.
pearl. A substance resembling pearls found in silver-mines. An
ostrich-egg. &; umm-i tawmat, Mother of pearl. An ostrich.
A s tumuriy, Some, any one.
Aj, tawammuz, (w of j) Springing forward in order the
sooner to reach or catch any object. Beginning to rise.
A G tawammuk, (w of J) Being beloved.
Pers; toman, A district containing a hundred villages.
A & -5, tmanat, A district, a shire, a county.
A -s: Tumaniyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A &s; tawmi-at, (II of ve) Making a sign. A nod, a sign.
pe; tn, The stove of a bath. The furnace of a glass-house.
The womb. The place where fuel is kept. An intestine not
cleaned. Name of a country in Khursn, Tawan, The body.
A c, tn, The stove of a bath. A leathern chess-table.
P &; tnd (for ; to &\ and), They are thine.
P <<> tunak (or &; tunakah) A store-house.
r; tawangar, Rich, opulent, powerful. A barber.
PJe; tawangar-dil (or s himmat), Liberal-minded.
tawangari, Wealth, opulence. Power.
P ceit. & nuh toy, Nine-fold. The nine heavenly orbs.
*:::: tawang, A wardrobe. A till. A halter. A barber.
P <; tngah, Night. A treasury. Tawangah, A treasury.
P Jy tngi, A sort of ancient coin. (CASTELLUS).
P &; tnah, A fringe, an edge, a border.
P 3; tni, One who takes care of the furnaces in a bath. One
who comes from afar, and has no home. A beggar. A gipsy.
A thief, a footpad. A native of Tun in Khursn.
A -, tawnib, (ii of - obsol.) Reproaching, accusing.
A &; tawniyat, (II of 3:) Being slothful in business.
A 3.5x tniyat, A tunic, a waistcoat.
A ry tawnir, (11 of 2, not in use) Overcoming.
p > 3; tww. (equivalent to ; t) Cream.
A 2:5, tawaw-ud, (v of 99) Proceeding gently, easily.
r x, 5 tiwah, A pair, a brace.
P 35 toh, A pair, a brace. A fold, a plait. Tawah, Alancet.
(for & tabah) Destroyed, ruined.
A 8; th, Astonished, bewildered.
A -s; tawahhus, (v of e-bx) Advancing far (in business).
A g tawahhuj, (v of **) Being moved, agitated. Being
kindled; burning. Sparkling (gem). Being strong (perfume).
A \s; taleahhud, (v of AS3) Coition.
Aj, tawahhur, (v of A.) Interrupting, confounding (any
one) in speaking. Beginning to abate in darkness (night). Be
coming milder (winter). Beginning to diminish (hills of sand).
Ajs; tawahhuz, (v of j) Treading heavy on the ground (a
A U->; taicahhus, (v of U.S.) Treading heavy, striking the
ground. Travelling fast and well (camels).
A U.S; tawahhush, The hiding of (anything). The step (of
any one) overloaded.
Ala; tawahhut, (w of asy) Being sunk (in clay). Making
equal, smooth and easy (a bed).
A C tawahhuk, (v of Cx) Disturbing, interrupting (any
one) in speaking. Being extremely hot (gravel or pebbles).
A Js; tawahhul, (v of J.S.) Causing (one) to err.
A. **; tawahhum, (v of **) Thinking, suspecting, imagining.
Doubting. Suspicion, imagination, doubt.
A \ tarchid, (11 of AS2) Spreading, making soft (a bed).
A.Js; taichil, (11 of J.R.) Terrifying, frightening.
A **; tawhim, (11 of **) Causing to err. Persuading.
A c, tawhin, (11 of J) Enervating, relaxing. Scofing.
p >; tuicii, (equivalent to ; t) Cream. Scum of broth.
p : th, (equivalent to ; t) A fold.
A taxa' (from 55), Perishing. Being spent (money)
Taici, One who perishes or falls. Tawiy, Standing fast, steady.
Tiwa'. A cross made on the neck or thigh of an animal.
P .5; ty, (equivalent to ; t) A thread, a line. A fold, a ply.
Twisted (a rope). The inside. A feast, an entertainment. Con
* g tuw or tuyaj, Ivy. -
P.J.; tuwr, The beak of a bird. Name of a bird,
Pyr -s; t-i sh?r, The cream of milk.
P 4; tityak, The inside. A store-room.
P J; tawil, Bald on the forehead. Baldness, Tuwil, The
forehead, the brow. An impression which hunters make on
their feet, with a view to drive the affrighted game into their net.
A J.57 taway yul, Detestation, execration. A threat.
P J tuwn, Friendly, affectionate.
P & 39 tilyah, The rainbow. -
P to-7, Thou art. Name of a bird.
* & tah, A fold, one ply. Simple. A vestige. Rust. The
bottom, the deeper and interior part. Under. Every one. J
ta-i dil, The bottom of the heart. -j & ta-i n, The abdomen.
 \43
P & tih, A stick. The bottom. Under. Empty. A trace.
A & tih and tihi, (for 83 sih and zihi) (fem. of 13 z) She.
This. He. These two (women). These two (men).
P & tuh, Spittle, (equivalent to i. pu), A puff, a whiff.
AAF tahtir, (pl. of 24 tahtar) Contradictory testimonies.
A F tahtur, (v1 of 28) Contending, disputing about trifles.
Being wholly given up to frivolous pursuits.
A ** tahatum, (VI of->) Stickling, contending about trifles.
A&# tahtih, Wain things, trifles.
Aj- tahjur, (v1 of, s) Separating from each other.
A 2-\ tahj, (v1 of s) Satirising one another.
Aj, tahdur, (v1 of JAR) Permitting slaughter with impu
nity, or passing it over without punishment. Boiling.
A se tahadum, (v1 of **) Leaving blood unrevenged.
A c tahidun, (v1 of JAA) Being right, well arranged (any
thing). Cultivating peace and amity amongst themselves.
A self, tahd, (vi of ses) Offering reciprocal presents.
Walking with a ight fluttering step (a woman).
A J tahrush, (vi of U,) Growling and fighting (dogs).
- Aky takrut, (v1 of PA) Reviling, chiding one another.
A taharum, (v1 of *A) Feigning extreme old age.
A --Gl tahfut, (v1 of -s) Falling one part after another.
Rushing consecutively (a crowd). Flying to the flame (a moth).
A Ji tahkul, (vi of J& not in use) Disputing, striving.
* P J tahal, A cave, a cavern, a grot.
A cl tahluk, (v1 of QS) Destroying one another. Run
ning headlong (to ruin). Tumbling (into bed). Walking trip
pingly (a woman). P J J Ji tahaluk-i halakkardan,
To precipitate one's self to perdition, to hasten one's own death.
A&# tahmat (from **) Stinking, becoming rancid (meat, Gaining with industry provision (for a family).
fat). Being offensive (the mouth). Being weak and dismayed
(a man). Tihmat, Mecca. Name of an adjacent province.
A U.<\; tahmush, (v1 of U.S) Mixing one with another,
being in commotion, making a loud clamour.
A J tihmiy, A native of &# Tihamat.
P J tahn, Empty, vacant.
rej, tahnndan, To cause to become empty.
A j, tahnu, (v) of -3.s) Smiling ironically (a woman).
A}\; tahnu-a, (v1 of-s) Congratulating one another. Pro
voking, challenging each other.
H &\ thiinah, A small fort.
lip Me &\; thinah-dr, The commander of a small fort.
A j tahni, (pl. of &# tahni-at) Congratulations.
*Ji tahwish, (pl. of J tahwsh) Multitudes, crowds,
tumults, mobs. Tahwush, (v1 of U,) Mixing together (a
crowd, a mob).
A tahwun, (v1 of cs) Despising, neglecting, slighting.
Negligence, sloth; neglect, contempt. Peye35 ex; To despise.
A f tahw, (vi of s,) Falling one after another.
s A U-2\# tahwish, (pl. of L; tahwsh) Crowds, mobs.
469 <-45
A Jl tahwl, (pl. of Jg tahiril) Fears, terrors, ap
prehensions. Apparitions, ghosts. Things of various colours.
Painted robes. Bracelets, jewels, or necklaces (as striking with
surprise, or dazzling the eyes of beholders).
A &# tahyuj, (VI of **) Raising, stirring up, provoking.
Attacking, fighting hand to hand.
Ala, tahyut, (v1 of lars) Assembling together, to adjust
any business (als tamyut, implying, Meeting to disturb).
A: tahayu-a, (v1 of *) Consenting, agreeing together.
A col tahyiht, Away! begone!
p j & tah-bazar, Ground-rent of a stall in the market.
A -, tahabbub, (v of C-S habba) Being worn, and rent.
P & & tah ba tah, Plait by plait, every fold.
A z tahabbuj, (v of **) Being troubled with a swelling.
A \ri tahabbud, (v of AS) Extracting, bruising and boiling
the seeds of the colocynth (bitter purging apple).
A U-r; tahabrus, (11 of Lr Q, obsol.) Walking pompously.
A Ursi tahabbush, (v of U-8) Assembling. Being collected.
p J-35 tahbal, Slothful. Voracious. Good for nothing.
A Jr; tahabbul, (v of Js) Providing (for a family).
P & & tah-band, A strip of cloth worn round the loins.
A --; tahabhub, (11 of e--S Q) Being shaken; tottering.
A Jr; tahabbi, (V of 3-8) Shaking the hand.
A *** tahbib, (11 of e-Shabba) Calling (a he-goat).
A &# tahbj, (11 of **) Troubling with a swelling.
Aj, tahbir, (11 of re) Cutting (meat) so that a part falls.
A L; tahbish, (11 of Ut) Gaining industriously.
A s tahbigh, (11 of 8-s) Eating a sop in the pan.
A Jr; tahbil, (11 of Js) Being oppressed with corpulence.
* & & tah-pch, A cap or cloth worn under the turban.
A.J tihtar, Foolishness, silliness, impertinence.
A J tahtl (from Ls), Raining with little intermission.
A e tahtan, (from cs), Raining for several days, at least
for a third part of the day or night. Continual gentle rain, un
accompanied by thunder or lightning.
Aj, tahtar, Contradictory evidence. Tahattur, Folly.
Act f tahattuk, (w of ts) Being torn, rent (as a veil or
covering). Being ravished (a virgin). Disgrace, dishonour.
A tahattum, (v of **) Being broken (the front teeth).
A3+, tahattu-a, (w ofs) Being torn, cut, worn (a garment).
P & 35 tahtah, Multiplied, multifarious, crowded.
A & & tuh tuh, The sound with which they call camels or dogs.
A &# tahtahat, (11 of & Q) Giving ones self up to trifling
pursuits. Stammering, pronouncing Arabic improperly.
Aj, tahtir, (11 of >) Provoking, importuning one about
trifles. Tearing, breaking up. Reviling.
A <&# tahtik, (11 of <<>) Tearing (a veil or a curtain so
as to expose those who are covered by them).
A *** tahtim, (11 of **) Disabling by blows.
 3.43 470 C-9
P\s tahja, Expressing the juice of grapes. a;&# tahazzu-a, (v of **) Bursting (as an ulcer).
\s tahj (from 35), Satirizing, lampooning.
A.
A --~&# tahsil, (11 of ~3A) Purifying. Adjusting, adom.
A s tahaijud, (v of As.) Being sleepless, walking at night. ing. Walking or flying fast (a man or a bird). Drawing up
Sleeping sound in bed. A prayer repeated during the night. (an army). Rendering expert (practice). J-as- .**
A, s tahajjur, (w of, s) Looking like one who has left his tahzib-i khisal, Elegance or purity of manners. ck) ~34
country (on account of persecution). Going abroad at noon. tahzib-i-akhlk, Civilization, good-breeding. * J -**
A * s tahajjum, (w of a s) Attacking suddenly. tahzib kardan, To arrange, adjust, adorn, adapt. To purify,
.. tahajju-a, (w ,
Repeating the letters of the alpha Aji taharrur, (V of A harra) Howling, whining (a dog).
bet. Syllabing, spelling. A Ly taharrush, (v of USA) Being dispelled (a cloud).
A Js tahajji, (v of s) Spelling. Being hot (the day). A taharshu, (11 of i Q) Being dried up (cotton
A&s tahjiyat, (11 of s) Satirizing. Spelling. in an ink-stand).
A ** tahjj, (11 of hajja) Being sunk (the eye). A & J taharrut, (v of& P) Being levelled (a spear at a foe).

A r s tahjid, (11 of X**) Causing to sleep or to awake. P f tah-ru, The stuffing of a saddle.
A, s tahir, (11 of,s) Quitting, leaving, forsaking (family A3, taharru-a, (w of y) Taking the air (in the cool of the
and friends). Travelling in the heat of the day. day). Perishing with cold. Being boiled to dissolution (meat).
A U-s taljish, (11 of Jss) Irritating. Ajji taharteuz, (11 of jys q) Perishing, dying.
A *** talji,(11 of 8-s) Allowing or desiring to sleep. A -5 t taharr, (7 of 528) Beating (with a great stick).
J-s tahil, (11 of J-s) Reviling, slandering.
A A -ji tahrib, (11 of ~PS) Putting to flight. -

A e-s tahjin, (11 of cs) Defaming, disgracing. . (11 of Vs) :

wn (meat).
r &ls tah-khnah, A cave, grotto, cavern, cellar, or vault. a & A. tahriyat, (11 of sys) Beating (with a great stick).
Aj, tahdr, (from JAS) Being hot (wine). Cooing (dove). Making or dressing cloth resembling that of 3)A Hart (a city
A *** tahadduj, (v of ***) Crying to her colt in a shrill and
in Khursn). Dyeing yellow (the sash of a turban or tiara).
affectionate tone (a camel). Failing (the voice from fear). A -ji tahrit, (11 of c-A) Tearing (clothes or reputation).
A. &# tahrij, (11 of **) Surprising a camel by throwing a
A Ji tahaddud, (v of AS hadda) Terrifying, threatening.
rje, tah-darz, New. (HUNTER.) load upon him whilst travelling. Overcoming a man (wine).
A tahadduk, (v of cs) Reproaching, reviling. Frightening by cries (a wild beast).
A} tahadkur, (11 of As Q) Being satiated with milk so A & J tahrid, (11 of e) Boiling till soft (meat).
as to occasion drowsiness. Rushing upon (men). A L; tahrish, (11 of Ujs) Setting by the ears (men ordogs).
A J tahaddul, (v of Jes) Hanging down. Laxity.
A Jji tahrz, (11 of Js) Tearing (cloth).
A r tahaddum, (w of ***) Being pulled down, destroyed. A s tahr8, (11 of & P) Levelling a spear (at a foe).

Ruling upon (any one) in a threatening manner. A -ji tahri (11 of ~3, 8) Producing early (a palm-tree).
A s tahaddu-a, (v of 'As) Being quiet, tranquil. A tahrim, (11 of **) Making decrepid (age). Cutting
A s tahadd, (v of 5-MA) Being conducted (by God) into into small portions. Magnifying, exalting.
the way of righteousness. , Being guided (to a house, in a road).
A&et; tahdi-at, (11 of J) Quieting, pacifying. A t tahaszuj, (v of A) Singing, warbling, shaking, trill.
A&A tahdiyat, (11 of uses) Separating, dispersing. ing. Twanging (as a bow-string).
A \,-\ tahdid, (11 of AS hadda) Terrifying. Threatening. Ajji tahassus, (v of > hazza) Being shaken (a tree by wind).
A & j tahazzut, (v of &A) Making haste, being swift, Walk.
rj **: ,-,- jawb-i tahdid-ames, An answer mixed
with menaces. e.9% &A tahdid kardan, To threaten, alarm. ing with a tottering gait. Being austere, rigid. Being alienated.
A. JF tahazzul, (v of JA) Being humorous, jocose, facetious.
A c, tahdidat, (pl. of s tahdid) Threats, menaces.
A_ tahdir, (11 of J&S) Roaring (as a lion). Making a A ft tahazum, (v of ys) Twanging (as a bow-string).
muttering noise in the throat (like a he-camel when tied up). Thundering. Being broken with a crash (a stick). Drying and
P Je & tah-deg, The scrapings of a pot; the burnt part of bursting (a leathern bottle). Falling with noise (rain).
victuals that sticks to the bottom of a pot. Aj tahazzu-a, (v of }*) Mocking, exposing to ridicule.
A ** tahdim, (11 of **) Overthrowing. Destroying. Aj, tahashuz, (11 of >> 0) Being moved. Exulting.
A &# tahzj, (11 of gj) Warbling, quavering (a singer).
A c-; tahdin, (ii of cb) Soothing (an infant). Hindering.
Aj tahzar, (from J&s) Doting, raving. Ajj, tahziz, (11 of > hazza) Shaking a tree (wind).
A --&g tahazzub, (v of ~3) Being adorned. A 85; tahz78, (11 of & A) Breaking, bruising,
AA& tahazkur, (II of $3s Q) Rejoicing. Being satiated with A Jj tahzel, (11 of JA) Extenuating, emaciating.

milk so as to be overcome with sleep. Rushing upon. A. *-* tahassum, (v of -*) Being broken, split.
 J43
A U-4-' tahas-hus, (11 of Lt-e Q.) Whispering, muttering
* grumbling. Clashing, jingling (as coats of mail, or necklaces).
A *- tahashshum, (v of **) Being broken, bruised (any | Flying, retiring, remaining behind, departing, receding. Prais
**
thing dry, hard, or hollow, as the head, the nose, a bone, or an ing God, by saying J. " all y l ilha illa llah, There is no
**
egg). Being weak, languid (camels). Being withered (grass). god but God. Calling out & V) <!) allah allah, when going to
Having an affection for. Conciliating the love of another. battle. Making in the form of the moon, gibbous or curved.
**
A U-23-4; tahshish, (11 of U.S hashsha) Making cheerful. Writing (a letter). Joy, exultation, cheerfulness.
A Ji tahshil, (11 of J) Giving some milk (a camel).
A ** tahshim, (11 of -->) Debilitating. Breaking, bruis
ing. Honouring, praising.
A Lara tahsis, (11 of Les hassa) Having bright eyes.
A - tahazzum, (v of ris) Injuring, defrauding. Keeping
back (another's due). Compelling. Dismissing, letting alone.
A Jai tahtal, Incessant, small rain.
AA; tahattur, (v of law) Falling to ruins (a well).
AL tahatrus, A pompous manner of walking.
A Jag tahattul, (v of Jas) Employing stratagem (as a thief
instealing). Recovering from sickness.
A u- tahatlus, (11 of vlas Q, not in use) The same.
*J, & tah-ghirbali, Any thing sifted. Small grain.
A ** tahakkut, (v of sis) Behaving lightly and foolishly,
or proudly. Relapsing (into a disease). Acting basely.
A tahakkum, (v of **)Taming, subduing. Swallowing
*
(meat) by large mouthsful.
* r & tahak, Empty, naked. Earth, loam. Tihik, Empty.
r A.K. tahakkur, (v of K) Being stupified with wonder.
A <& tahukkuk, (w of << hakka) Being large-breasted
and relaxed about the haunches (a woman near labour).
p *** tih-kalim, Covered, veiled, concealed.
A tahakkum, (v of ** obsol.) Being inflamed with rage.
Falling in (a well). Singing (to one) by way of ridicule. Being
content. Contempt, mockery. Pride. Repentance. Incessant
rain which the earth cannot drink up. Continued digging.
A & tahakkun, Penitence, repentance.
A J.Ktahkil, The pace of a war-horse; and a haughty woman.
A tahkim, (11 of s obsol.) Singing to one in derision.
A tahallub, (v of -s) Being stripped of (his) bristles.
AAF tahallus, (w of As not in use) Preparing for.
*u-si tahallus, (v of u-s) Being extenuated, infected.
A&# tahalluk, (v ofc) Making haste, going fast.
A & tahlikat (from -*), Going to destruction. Ruin,
Perdition. A place of danger. Consternation. Agony, pang.
A J tahallul, (v of US halla) Being cheerful, exulting.
Brightening up (the face). Being transparent (cloud). Flow
ing from a fountain (water); from the eyes (tears). Shedding
tears (eyes).
*J tahalhul, Wain, foolish (thing).
* -, tahil, (ii of els) Pulling out hairs, or bristles;
plucking an animal. Treating contumeliously, satirizing.
*L* tahlis, Leanness, meagreness.
471 c
A <<!; tahik, (11 of KS) Ruining, destroying.
2
A Jl tahil, (11 of JA halla) Being timid, pusillanimous.
P ** taham or tahm, Power, strength. Dignity, magnificence,
greatness. Brave, warlike. Incomparable.
A *F taham, (from **) Being fetid (as flesh or oil). Stinking
(as the mouth). Being impotent, confounded. Excessive heat.
Want of wind. A calm. A district on the sea-coast.
P_r tahambar (or J- tahambal), Slothful. A glutton.
A & Tihmat, Mecca and the neighbouring province. Ta
hamat, Fetidness. The sea-coast. Tuhmat, Opinion, suspicion.
A crime, a fault. Ignominy, disgrace. Accusation. P
Je tuhmat nihdan, To suspect. To charge with a crime.
p f Tahantarah, Name of Rustam.
Pe taham-tan, Powerful, mighty. Formidable. Incom
parable. A hero. A great prince. A general, a commander.
A title of Rustam, of Alexander, and of a rival of Rustam.
a J tuhmati, Suspicious. Ignominious.
A U-23; tahamrush, (11 of Ls oj Being set in motion.
A U- taham mush, (v of Lis) Flowing softly.
Ala, tahammut, (v of kas) Seizing by violence (any thing
to which one has no right).
A s tahammua, (v of s) Running, streaming, trickling
down. Feigning to weep.
P << tahmak, Naked, empty, bare.
A << tahammuk, (w ofKs Q) Giving one's whole atten
tion to (any particular object).
P Ji tahmal, Slothful. Gluttonous. Good for nothing.
A F tahammum, (w of * hamma) Seeking for. Endea.
vouring to find by groping. Striking with a sword (the head).
Pe tahman, (equivalent to g bahman) A prince, a hero.
.. tahammu-a, (v of **) i. torn, worn (a garment).
P Ly Tahmuras, Name of the third king of Persia of the
Pshddian dynasty. The rational soul.
A * tahmid, (11 of A48) Appeasing (anger).
rj Tahmir, Name of a hero of Rustam's family.
P & Tahmishah, Name of a forest.
A tahmin, (ii of ** hamma) Hushing (an infant) to
sleep. Gentle rain.
A cri tahmin, Sleeping. A sleeper.
* Ji tahnl, The mounting at the upper end of a scabbard.
A U-65 tahambus, An enquiry after news.
A
tahannuj, (w of **)
Beginning to quicken (a foetus).
A ^* tahandum, (11 of *** *) Adapting properly, dressing
well. Smoothing or planing (wood).
rej & tah-nishn, Inlaid (particularly iron with gold).
 -
_24 472
Per & tah-nishin, Sitting below. Sediment, dregs.
A3+. tahannu-a, (w of **) Being refreshed with food.
A&# tahni-at, (11 of **) Congratulating. Saying, May
it do you good! Congratulation.
r &J ~4 tahni-at-namah, Congratulatory letters.
A & tahnid, (11 of A not in use) Alluring, ravishing the
senses, distracting the soul (a woman). Being deficient, unequal
to any thing. Hooting like an owl. Reviling opprobriously.
Bearing reproaches and making no return. Polishing (a sword).
A i tahnf, (11 of -- not in use) Making haste.
A 35 tihw, A part, a portion (of the night).
p > 3 tihu, A small partridge. A quail. Tuhu, Spittle.
A tahwad, Low, gentle (voice or speech).
A Js tahwash, A multitude, a mob. A tumult.
A t tahwak, A falling into any thing from inattention,
yet without fear.
p!", 2 & tah obl, Above and below, up and down. Topsy
turvy. Commotion, perturbation, restlessness.
A ext, tahawwud, (v of 93*) Being converted to repentance.
Returning to duty. Embracing Judaism.
AJ3; tahawwur, (v of Js) Being ruined, fallen down. Plung
ing inconsiderately into any business. Being gone, the greater
part (of the night or winter). Seizing and overpowering (as
hot and mortal winds). Rashness. Military ardour.
A Ji tahawwush, (v of Js) Being mixed. Assembling.
A & j tahawwut, (v of 8 :) Feigning to vomit.
A % tahawwuk, (v of %) Being astonished, stupified.
Falling into difficulties from inattention.
- A J; tahawwul, (v of J>) Placing near a camel the resem
blance of a wolf, to induce her to take a liking to another's foal.
Looking (at the flock) with an evil eye. Adorning one's person.
a c tahum, An abyss. The bottom of any deep place.
a f tahawwum, (v of *> obsol.) Nodding (a drowsy man).
A c-; tahwit, (11 of ~3) Calling aloud.
A &ti tahwid, (11 of ex) Singing with a soft voice. Walk
ing gently. Intoxicating (wine). Proselyting to Judaism.
Aj, tah wir, (11 of J58) Throwing down. Tossing one
thing upon another. Killing, destroying.
Aj. tahwiz, (II of 55* not in use) Dying.
A U-23; tahwis, (11 of Ly) Giving to eat.
A L; tahwish, (11 of Ly) Being mixed together (as men)
in a tumultuous manner. Confounding, complicating.
A s tahwit, (11 of 838) Making (one) to return by vomit
(what he had devoured).
A Ji tahwil, (11 of J>) Terrifying. Adorning herself
(a woman). A solemn oath made (among the Pagan Arabians)
before a sacred fire called 3.5's hawlat into which they privately
threw a kind of salt, which, by making a sudden explosion, sur
prised and frightened the person sworn, and sometimes detected
perjury. Terror. Any thing which terrifies, astonishes, or daz.
zles the eyes. A hobgoblin. Defamation, detraction.
A *:# tahwim, (11 of -> obsol.) Nodding (a sleepy man).
A c, tahwin, (11 of e) Making light, easy. Despising:
PUs; tihi or tahi, Empty, void, vacant. Emptiness. Vanity.
J nn-i tahi, Dry bread. Us; e.V., miyn-tahi, Hollow.
a tihi (fem. from 3 sa), she. This that
A Use' tahiy, Empty.
A ** tahiyt, (pl. of & tahiyat) Preparations.
A Q-ri tahayyub, (v of -) Fearing. Terrifying.
P s Ji tahi-pay, Swift of foot.
a & tahiyat, (11 of J hayya) Preparing, arranging, dis
posing in order. P. es; -- * To provide necessaries,
A c-r tahayyus, (v of G-b) Giving, bestowing.
A ** tahayyuj, (v of **) Being raised (as dust or anger).
Being agitated, moved, provoked, stimulated.
p --- s tahi-chashm, Greedy, covetous.
r -e Ji tahi-dast, Empty-handed, poor. Avaricious.
Pejr: tihidan or tahidan, To become empty, vacant, void.
p >e Jtahi-date, Idle, sauntering here and there.
ar; tahayyur, (v of y) Falling in ruins.
Py tah?-ra-'y, Unable to advise.
rej, J.; tahi raftan, To travel alone. To lose one's way.
To go on a fruitless errand.
r us, usi tahi-ratei, Deviating from the road. A journey.
P & rl Tahishah, Name of a city the residence of Faridun,
A viri tahayyuz, (v of Li) Being broken again before
consolidated (a bone which had been fractured and set).
A 83; tahayyut, (v of **) Being expanded. Vomiting.
A i tahayyu, (v of Cis) Being blown upon by the h"
drying wind called sys hi. Being athirst.
P s tahi-gh, The hypochondria, the slender part of the
body under the short ribs.
A J tahayyul, (v of J) Being poured out. Imprecating.
A rtahayyum, (V of ~s) Being stupified, turning pale (with
love). Being thirsty. A studied, elegant mode of walking.
P}~~ tah?-maghz, Empty-brained.
P e Ji tahi-miyn, Hollow. -
A : tdhayyu-a, (v of us) Preparing for any thing.
* < , Us; tahi o tahak, Empty. , Naked.
A - tahyib, (11 of -s) Rendering awful, venerable.
&# tahyi-at, (11 of **) Directing properly, amending.
A
A c-r tahyit, (11 of c- not in use) Calling to any ""
...A *** tahy.j, (11 of **) Exciting, raising a commotion.
A *** tahy?kh, (11 of **) Putting fat (into pottage). -
A \ti tahyid, (11 of As) Repulsing, prohibiting, checking.
Rebuking. Making haste.
Arr, tahyir, (11 of J) Falling down (part of a mound).
 & 473 _>

A t: tahyigh, (11 of $ not in use) Watering plentifully a t tih, (from **) Being predetermined. Staggering.
(the earth with rain). Dressing (paste) with fat. A Jss tayhn, Talking about what concerns him not. (A
A ttalyik, (ii of t obsol.) Making haste. Digging. horse) going sideways with a sprightly air.
A Ji tahyil, (11 of J) Pouring, causing to run over. rty takh, Any thing sharp, pointed.
A J-5 tahyi-a, (11 of **) Setting in order. A \ tayd, Lenity. G taydaka, Gently you! go softly!
ru, ti (for J tihi or tahi), Empty, vacant. P "> tdak, Hebrew. A Jew.
A & t? (em from 13 z), She. This. A sr taydrex (II of & obsolete) Dyeing with safflower.
Ai tayy, (diminutive of u t) The little she. A J& ti-zan (for c li ta-zan), Permit, give leave.
AA-\ tayjur, (v1 of, r not in use) Abandoning, revolting. Py tir, An arrow, or the iron head of one. The river Ti
A c tayyah, (A horse) going sideways with a sprightly air. gris, (from its rapidity). A sort of game with ten arrows, three
Aj, tiyar, Times, turns, many times, often. of which are blanks, and the other seven entitled to certain prizes.
rj tayyr, Ready. Finished, complete. J j, tayyr A kind of serpent short and slender. The planet Mercury. A
kardan, To make ready, to prepare. bullet, a musket-ball. Lightning with loud thunder. Quicksil
Aj, tayyr, A wave, a billow, a surge. (A vein) pouring ver. Splendor. A burning coal, or firebrand. The beam of a
forth blood. Astonished. Puffed up with pride, disdainful. house in which the joists are fixed; also a perpendicular pillar
Aj, tiyyr, The stream of time. rising from the main beam, which supports the roof. A scale
F, tayyri, Readiness. Provision, preparation. beam. A rolling-pin. An oblique piece of wood with which
Aj, tayyaz, Thick, short, compact. A dwarf. The arm. they press the oil from olives. A machine with which they
* *
A U- tiys, (111 of U-5) Repelling. Managing. Gaining. squeeze the cotton from the pods. A ploughshare. The mast
*"
A J- tayys, One who keeps or trains a he-goat. or yard of a ship. The sail. A direction-post on the road. A
A re-!" at tiyasani, Name of two stars.
guide, a conductor. A prince, a chief, the head of a family.
A& tiysat, (pl. of U.S. tays) He-goats. Name of an angel, the guardian of cattle. Security. The
Ar tayasur, (v1 of ,-) Playing at dice, or drawing lots choicest species of any genus. Power, strength. Thread. Hair.
together. Being mutually easy. Going to the left. The spring, the beginning of summer, the fourth month of the
A j tiykat, (from J) Desiring, favouring. Being un Persian year when the sun is in Cancer, and thirteenth day of
toward, unlucky (game of hazard). every month. Autumn. The blossoms and fruit of the palm
tree. The narcissus. The hem or border of a shirt or other
Aer tayamun, (v1 of c, Going to the right.
Pe tiyn or tiyyn, A large cauldron. garment. Any kind of flounce tacked to robes, &c. Fine linen,
A & tiynat, (from c, tin, A fig) The fig-pecker. cambric, lawn. A species of Assyrian pigeon. Darkness, ob
P tib, Astonished, confounded. Insane. Stubborn, fierce. scurity. Anger. Chance, fortune. Lot, portion. A desert, a
Hasty, impatient. Wind. (for -- sib) An apple. plain. A troop, a company. A sort of ant. The pack-saddle
** tba, The endearments of lowers. Contumacy. The of an ass. A step; rank, degree. Nature, quality. Any thing
fourth watch of the night. equal to another in bulk or quality. Generosity. Politeness.
r tiba, (in ancient Persian) A doe. (AJ." zaby.) Narrow, confined. Turbid, dark. ex~ tr afgandan,
* J tibsh, A wink, a nod, an amorous glance. Deceit. To revile, to abuse. eft-l t?r andkhtan, To shoot with
bow and arrow. & re- 2: tir-i bazu-i charkh, The pla
P}~ *- tib-tz, The rumbling of the belly, wind.
* - 2 -, tib o shib, Astonished, confounded. net Mercury. J-A 2:3 tir-i Badakhshn, A two-headed
A U-r: taybis, (11 of v) Drying, placing to dry. arrow. An excellent arrow. 2: tir-i tazallum, The
i r tp, A note of hand. groans of the oppressed. & Z- y tr-i charkh, A rocket. The
P Tit, The Roman emperor Titus. planet Mercury. &\s- 2:3 tir-i khanah, The main beam of a
* Ji titil, Deceit, flattery. house. Ps y tir-i sahar, Day-break. A sigh. A curse, an
A J tital, A species of the beaver. imprecation. &e; 2: tir-i kurtah, Arrows for drawing lots.
P titi, Gingerbread-figures for the amusement of chil
J 2: tir-i kishti, The mast, also rudder of a ship. 2:
dren. A bird's call. The wives of the kings of Ghiln. Quickly. Jetir-i gardun, The sun. Mercury. Providential dispen
A taytim, (11 of **) Making orphans.
sations. --- s y tir-i mihnat, The arrow of affliction.
r tij, Raw-silk. Silken-thread. Picked cotton, The flue
Aj tir, Pride, haughtiness. Passing between two walls.
of cotton. An arrow. Twisted, squeezed. Tiyar, (pl. of 3}\; trat) Times, turns, many times, frequently.
** tij, (pl. of z tj) Crowns, tiaras, mitres. pyr tuyur, The beak of a bird. A bird resembling a peacock.
A J tjn, (pl. of z tj) Crowns, diadems. P 25 tir-abr, Black clouds.

3 P
 _* 474 33
P sy t?rarah (or sy: t?razah), The rainbow. ps, tirah, Turbid. Obscure, dark. A darkening, obscura
P <--!> tirast, (in anc. Pers.) Ten. One, or three hundred. tion. Sad, sorrowful. Sadness. A beam. A lath, shingle, splin
re): t ran (for e'r' tr-dan), A quiver. ter, or chip. An oil-press. Butter. A carpenter's or mason's
rjj tr-andaz, An archer. rule. A thread. G-j9 s tira-i dirakht, The trunk of a
P .5"A"J tr-andz, Archery. Joe s *-5'9"> tir tree. s je dar tirah am, I am afflicted. --> Sri tirah
andz-i nigh ddan, To dart the eyes. gasht, He became melancholy. & e-S shab-i tirah, A dark
P *\,: tirah, Name of a certain beautiful bird.
night. ej, s tirah-shudan, To be dark. To become muddy
P ey j tr-baran, A shower of arrows. A punishment in or turbid. To be displeased, to be disturbed, to torment one's
which the culprit is shot with arrows. , s eyr tr-barn-i self. J s tirah-kardan, To make dark, &c. J- s tirah
sahar, A sigh, a groan. e-A ey" J; tr-brn kardan, To dil, Sick at heart, sorrowful. Malevolent. An outcast, an apos
let fly a shower of arrows. tate. &\ce s tirah-dimgh, Disturbed in the brain, insane.
P & Jr.; tr-band, A girdle with a pocket in it. P s tuyurah, Name of a bird with a melodious voice.
P U2-, 2-3 tir-i bunduk, A musket-ball. P s-y tirah-chahrah, Of a beclouded countenance.
P x tr-partab, Bow-shot distance, range of an arrow.
p eless- s tirah-khk-dn, The world.
P z 2: tr-i tutmj, A rolling-pin.
P --> 3; trah-dast, Black-handed. (met.) The world.
P Js j tir-i takhsh, A meteor. * <y s tirah-rang, Muddy-coloured. A bay horse.
P_r > 2: tr-i tax-par, A swift arrow.
P J- 2:3 tr-i khaky, A light, small-headed arrow.
*jy s tirah-rzgr, Unfortunate, wretched.
r &&. 25 tir-i khanah, The main beam of a house. P_r < y; trah-zamir, Having a cloudy mind.
r J-5 s tirah-kmil, The moon. (Burhn-i ktia).
P 3-3) 5-y tr-khurdah, Wounded by an arrow. rj; S tirah-kuz, A large sieve.
Pe'er tir-dan, A quiver. P J- tirah-gil, Muddy water. Feculent wine.
PU. tr-ras, Bow-shot distance, the range of an arrow. P c- tirah-gun, Muddy-coloured, turbid, not clear.
P r tirist, Three hundred. P s tirah-ligm, A part of the bridle, the throat-piece.
P i. 2; tir-i sak, The main beam in the roof.
A c-; Trsamin, One of the names which the Muham A ring suspended from a horse's neck (in Persia).
madans give to Edris or Enoch the patriarch, whom they con
P t tiraj, (2 : tirir, also cy tirin), The gore of a
found with the Hermes Orus or Trismegistus of the Egyptians. shift or other garment. A fissure made in the side.
P tirak, (dim. of J: tr) A small arrow. The bubbles * ---, -5 try-rast, Name of a note in music.
of a boiling pot. Steam. A throbbing pain. Disease. Q3 rjj tiriz, The gore of a shift. A bird's wing.
tirak zid, it spirted with violence (as blood, or water). r -a tir-i yak-dast, Ahandfulofarrows thrown atonce.
P W.T ~%: tirak-i asiya, A tool for notching mill-stones. Aj. ta-iz, Strong-nerved, brawny.
*J tir-kash, (ITAL. Turcasso) A quiver. An aperture, Aj, tayz (from j) Piercing and trembling in the mark (an
an embrasure, a loop-hole. arrow). Excelling. Tiyazz, Strong-shouldered.
P J- tirgn, The thirteenth day of the month Tir; also a
rj tex, Sharp, cutting, acute, pointed. Bold, impetuous,
festival which the ancient Persians used to observe on that day. vehement. Swift. The edge. Acid, tart, acrid, bitter. Sharp
*AF tr-gar, An arrow-maker. ness, tartness. A rumbling of the belly, breaking wind. Name
P 34: tir-gari, Arrow-making. of a bitter seed. ex* j t shudan, To be sharp. To be sti
P J tiragi, Darkness, obscurity. Gloom, horror of mind. mulated. To be inflamed with rage. e.9}} tz kardan, T.
P :
tiram or trum, A great lady, a respectable matron. sharpen, to give an edge. To animate to battle. else
rjj tir-mr, A viper. The viper's teeth. tz kardan-i dandn, To sharpen the teeth, to have a longing
P sue 2 tir-mh, The first summer-month of the Persian year. desire. yS Jj tez kardan-i kasra, (Jj tax awardan
P Jj tir-mahi, Summer. Autumnal. A sort of grape. Or Je j tz ddan), To express contempt for any person, to
A carrot. A kind of medicine. break wind or belch at him. ; 28 tagh-i tez, A keen-edged
P e J; tr-i nn, A baker's rolling-pin. sword. J Jsis. khanjar-i tz, A sharp dagger.
p : U 2 tir-i nawuk, An arrow discharged through a tube. P --> tez-ab, Aquafortis.
P &\ j tir-nishanah, A butt for archers. ej tayazn (from j) Dying.
A.

P J.-- 25 tir-nishangi, A place for military exercise. PJj tez-bl, Swift-winged.

P Jz tr-wan, (equivalent to Jj tir-dn) A quiver. P' tax-p, Swift-footed.
PV.s Tirutirm, Name of an autumnal month in the P_2} tex-par, Swift of wing.
ancient Persian year. P tax-ty, The keen edge of a sword or knife.
 C-3 -
475
r 5; tz-tib, A rumbling of the belly.
re-j, tex-chashm, Quick-sighted.
P &-j tax-chang, Griping, oppressive. Brave.
r -ej; tz-dast, Clever-handed. Strong, brave.
P Jj tz-dil, Bold of heart.
p >}} tex-rate, Swift-paced, rapid.
re,\}; tz-zabn, Glib-longued, eloquent.
Pt: tex-tabt, Of an acute genius.
P -*F t:-tabitat (or zy. mizj), Impatient, choleric.
P*} tz-fahm, Of quick understanding, sagacious.
p <- tzak, Watercresses. A contemptuous noise with the
mouth, eele t tzak dadan, To make such a noise.
tz-kr, Active. Immediately, forthwith.
PJj
p t2-km, One who quickly obtains the object of desire.
r t-gn, Swi of foot. A fleet horse.
tz gardidan, To become angry.
P
rjj tz-maghz, Hasty, touchy, testy, peevish, passionate.
*9; t:-n, The prominent part of the edge of a sword,
which does the execution. A horse's gambrel. An armoury.
P J-9 j tz-nakhun, Having sharp claws, rapacious.
p *}: t:-ny, The edge of a sword, hatchet, or cleaver.
*_2; tex-wir, (or jj tex-trez), Acute, quick, ingenious.
P-5; tz, Arabic. An Arabian steed. Ginger.
j
P r taxi, Sharpness, pungency.
*3,-\, & tiz-i bakharz, Name of a note in music.
re txidan, To make haste. To be enraged. To break
wind upwards or downwards. To strike.
P_2}; tzir, A side, the waist. (CAstellus.)
A c, Tayzin, Name of a town situated near Aleppo.
r; tij, The green sward of a sown field. A declivity. The
rumbling of the belly, a breaking wind.
p : tijah, A beam, a joist. An exhalation made by the sun
in the deserts, resembling a sea. (In Arabic it is called sarab).
A U-5 tays, A he-goat (especially one old and rank).
Al- taysa, A long-horned (she-goat).
A rtayassur, (w of ,-) Dividing amongst themselves (the
limbs of a slaughtered camel). Being easy, happily despatched
(business). Being prepared, arranged. Being chilly (the day).
Aj-, taysur (or r, taysur), The movement of the feet (of
horses). J-) g-- Moving well (the feet). Taysiar, Fatness.
A*--> tays usiyat, Goatishness. Unpleasant manners.
P & 5 tisah, Name of a certain bird resembling a pigeon.
A G-5 tisa', A particle of contempt, used when a thing is re
jected as false or trifling. J- U-5 taysa' jatrin, A hyena.
A 3-- taysiyat, Goatishness. An unamiable temper.
Ar- taysir, (11 of r) Rendering easy, facilitating. Fa
vouring, assisting. Teeming, being prolific (flocks). Having
flocks or herds in excellent condition, rich in produce (* milk,
and young ones). P e <<!-- 2-9 taysir-i masalik kar according to the aera of Yazdajird. J-W ej t tegh-zan-i
dan, To facilitate the means, to clear the way.
S
p 4:; tshah, A hatchet, an axe, an adze. A mattock, a pick.
A halbert, a battle-axe. j &: tishah-kr, A ditcher, a delver.
A L2: taysis, (11 of va, yassa not in use) Opening the
eyes (a whelp). Putting forth herbage (ground), or flowers (a
plant). Making an assault (upon people).
A Li-i, tayziz, (11 of Li, Jazza) Peeping (a whelp).
A s taya, (tayat or es tayatan) (from *-j) Issuing forth
(vomit). Flowing, being fluid. Going away, making haste.
Infesting the road, robbing. Taking. Dipping bread in butter.
A st tayyiz (or e tayyatan) Hastening to any thing bad.
A& titat, A herd or flock, of forty or under, out of which
one is due for religious purposes.
A s- tayit, (11 of lax, not in use) Crying, the wolf.
Giving warning of the approach of an enemy.
P tigh or tgh, A sword, cimeter, faulchion, or dagger.
A knife. A razor. A lancet. A cobbler's awl. A sword
blade, or any other thin plate. A ray of the sun. A moon-beam.
The point of a spear. The peak of a mountain. The ridge of
a house. Native steel. Lightning. Brightness, effulgence.
Heat. Fire, flame. A winnowing-fan. A heap of corn threshed
out, and ready for winnowing. Name of an herb. J'A' .*
tfgh-i ab-dr, A sword with a Damascus blade. ji .*
tagh-i tish-br, A flaming sword. .83 tgh-i aftb,
The sun's rays. ~~}} * tgh-i afrasiyab, The reflection
of the sun's rays from a vessel of crystal. 3:3) * togh-afrz,
Polishing swords. A sword-cutler. eye- 25 tgh-i al
-
mas-gin, A sword shining like adamant. ey se ,85 tgh-i
bjdah-gn, A sword stained with blood. * 2 s .83 tigh-i
b7 dirgh, A remorseless cimeter. ;- *5- .*S tegh-i khosha-i
jaw, The beard of an ear of barley. A- ,85 tegh-i khr
shed, A sun-beam. Sunrise. J-2 39 * tgh-i d5 dasti,
A two-handed sword. Giving or taking a large quantity. s
e <--> c tgh-zaman offang-kumn, Striking and fight
ing with swords. e--: i.e : ey's *}: ; e t tegh-za
mn o mixah-gusarn o saf-shikanan, Brandishing swords, level
ling spears, and breaking the enemy's ranks. t- 25- tegh-i
situm, The sword of oppression. ,<- ,8 tagh-i sahar, Break
of day. Morning-prayer. A sigh of grief. Je. 85 tegh
shudan, To be face to face. elv- 28x tgh-i tusmaniyn,
- 2.
The Ottoman sword. ers .*-s tgh-igshtin, (The sword
- - -- - - -
of flesh) The tongue. G /* tagh-i nutk, An eloquent tongue.
Aj tighar, A water-pot.
P C, tighal, The lair of a wild beast. A kind of honey
dew found upon certain trees.
* * * tagh-band, (Girding the sword) An esquire. -
rje * tagh-dr, A sword-bearer. Clear, brilliant.
rej tagh-zan, Name of the thirteenth day of the month
asuman, Sunrise. The sun. The planet Mars.
3 P 2 -
 ~ 476
r, t tigh-sar, The shaving of the head. A bare rock.
P J- tgh-kash, A swordsman, a sword-player.
P *.* tgh-i koh, The summit of a mountain.
rj & teghah-bz, A sword-player. A gallant soldier.
P tf, Rubbish of sticks or thorns.
A J taufak or tfak, A time when any thing happens or
takes its date. A convenient season.
A & ta-iffat, Cowardice. Time, season.
A 8-i tayaffue, (v oft-) Being exalted. Climbing (a hill).
P s-i- tf ganj (or **) Name of a note in music.
>k A J ta-ika, (fut. J yat-aku) (The vase) was full.
A G ta-ik, Hasty, passionate. Sharp, brisk. Malignant.
A e tayyikan, Impetuous (man).
Ala, tayakkuz, (v of as.) Being excited, roused, awakened.
Awaking. Vigilance. Lucubration.
A J tayakkun, (v of c, Knowing for certain, prying into.
Supposing. Persuading one's self.
Ala, taykiz, (11 of as.) Rousing. Raising (dust).
Ay taykur (from j), Modesty, gravity.
A c, tika (for t tilka, fem, of t silika) She.
That. c < \s h tka, There she is! behold her!
rj tikz, Buttermilk.
r2: tiguz, Milk acidulated and dried.
P J til, (s f{G) A speck, a spot, a mole.
p\; tl, A rope.
P : tlpa, A sort of mineral bearing gems.
P us-'- tilmchi, An interpreter (Burhn-i katia).
P ey- U.S til-mizn, The custom of Eastern princes weigh
ing themselves with money, or provisions, which is afterwards
given away in charity.
re...: tilik, A garment with short sleeves.
A * taym, A servant. Name of a tribe.
p * tim, A market-place, a square, the forum. An inn, a
caravansera. Grief, sadness, solicitude.
A \ taym, A desert, a solitude, a plain. Name of a place
to the south of Syria. V!) at taym, The constellation Gemini.
**** timj, A butt for arrows. Goats' leather.
p_\ timr, Infirmity, sickness, indisposition, affliction. Ca
lamity, misfortune. Sorrow. Defence, custody. Care, atten
tion, regimen of the sick. Thought, meditation. A military
pension. j timar kardan, To prepare, adjust, adapt.
To cure a complaint. Jslv timar dashtan, To attend, to
manage. Jj --- asp timr kardan, To curry a horse.
r &&.J timr-khanah, A hospital. A poor-house.
P U.S. j timar-kash, Suffering pain, ailing.
P J- timas, A grove of oaks. A brake. A lion's den.
r timw, Stupidity, folly. (Burhn-i katia.)
A &t timat, A sheep of a superior kind never allowed to go
3-3
with the rest, but milked at home, and only killed in scarce sea
sons. A sheep which makes a flock exceed the number of forty,
pr timur, (in the Tartar dialect) Iron.
r_\- temsr, Honour, worship, majesty.
A * tayammum, (w of * Jamma) Intending, proposing, or
searching for any thing. Purifying or rubbing the hands, face
and other parts of the body with sand or dust (agreeable to the
Mussulman law), where water cannot be got, before perform
ing religious duties.
A c, tayman, The south, the south-wind. Mid-day.
A c, tayammun, (v of J) Considering as fortunate. Suc
ceeding (in any business). Relating, belonging to, Yaman or
Arabia Felix. * : *%- tabarrukan wa tayammunan, In
a happy hour, under the auspices of God and fortune.
r c-; tmnk, Condoling, consoling. Assisting.
A. taymaniy, Southern Arabia Felix.
*> Timur, A proper name. <! Jy Timr lang,
Timur the lame, the famous Tamerlane.
pyx; tmr (or 95 timurah), A stone in the galls of
horses and oxen, excellent in the cure of many diseases. See j-.
rt- timuk, Austere, morose, stern.
r & timah, A eve, dry and fattened in the house. (CAST.)
A ***, taymn, (II of ryamma) Intending. Picking out an
individual with the intent of spearing him. Coming on purpose.
Asking. Receiving. Teaching another, or assisting a sick Per
son to rub his hands or face with sand.
A c, taymin, (11 of J) Arriving in Yaman (Arabia Fe
lix). Blessing another, praying for his prosperity.
A cr tin, A fig. c- Zer tin-i ahmak, The wild fig.
* \ tayn, Amorous blandishments.
p\ tina, (in ancient Persian) Clay. (A c tin.)
A\ Tina (for U- Sin), (Heb. b) Mount Sinai.
r - tinab, (equivalent to ~\ binab) Vision.
A ej tinn, A wolf.
A & tinat, One fig. Podex.
* L; tnus, A heap of grain laid in a barn to be winnowed.
P & tinah, A spider's web. Spittle.
* 3:3 tw or tiw, Strength. Warlike. Powerful. Opulen"
Successful. Learned. Splendour. Heat. That is to say:
P \,:
taywa, Love. Amorous blandishments.
rj, twaz, Unjust, unlawful gain.
P *:: tway, Plunging inconsiderately into any busines.
Fjr tayur, A small partridge. Tiyur, A kind of bird re
sembling the peacock. A sort of pigeon. Expert, intelligent.
A J tuyur, (from 25 tir) Bringing back, reducing. Doing
or repeating things one after another.
P %; t wrak, Envy, jealousy.
A U-2: tuys, (pl. of C, tays) He-goats (rank and aged).
* J-2 tiesl, Rejoicing at the misfortunes of another.
A. &e: tayytat, Sea-lettuce, tithymallus.
 S$ 477
A & tayh (or e tayhn), (from 4:5) Being proud. Being Als sa-d or sa-ad, A servant-maid. A foolish girl. e....)
confounded, astonished. Wandering like a lunatic or bewildered let ibnu sa-d or sa-ada, Weak, impotent.
person. Tih, Pride, haughtiness. A desert, where people wan a set sa-adat, Fleshy (woman).
der bewildered. &M at tih, The desert of the Israelites. A Jet sdik, (part.) Flowing, fluid. Name of a horse.
A \ (J arz) tayh, A desert, a deserted country. *A y sara (for 25), (fut. 24 yasr) (The dust) was raised.
A J tayhn or tayyihan, Proud, haughty.
Aj. sa-r (from j), Retaliation, blood for blood. A homi
P J tihn (or \t tih), An insect smaller than a beetle,
cide for whose blood inquisition is made. One who appeases
applied for pains in the breast. the avenger of blood. P e 23-) akhz-i sa-r kardan, To
r f tihu, A small partridge. A quail. Empty. Tame. take revenge. A Sa-ar, (from j) Taking revenge, retaliating,
Aj, tayhr, An extensive plain. A desert replete with killing one for the murder of another. Delighting in revenge.
danger. Hill and dale. A proud and bewildered man. A A 3/5 srat, An assault, a charge, a brunt. A tumult.
billow, a surge. A high sand-bank in a river. A sandy plain. A 8) srrat, A talkative woman.
rye tihur (or Lt; thsh), A kind of small partridge. A 2.5 sarid, Moist. Cold.
A \t sa-t, (equivalent to \s sa-d) A foolish girl.
&
Q->
A t sa-tat, Thin black mud. An insect which stings severely.
*A &
sata, (for **) (fut. 8 * yasau) (The water) flowed.
A &=\; seat, A vomiting. A vomit.
< The fourth letter of the Arabic alphabet (being never used
A J-9 s, (part.) Pelting with stones.
in words of Persian origin). In arithmetic it expresses 500.
The legitimate power of this character appears to be that of th A * sghim, White, a whitish colour.
in the English word thing; but in the mouth of a Turk, Syrian,
A saghi, (part.) Bleating. y X > _\x) 3 V. There
Egyptian, Persian, and native of Hindustn, it is either pro is nothing in the house, there is no bleating and no lowing or
nounced like an U- s lisped, or not to be distinguished from that braying. &#9 3 &=\; & V. He has neither sheep nor camel.
character. In a few instances it is pronounced like t, as in the c \,-\; sisiy, (Oavia) Thapsia, the deadly carrot.
word er samin, (pronounced tamin) Precious, which might A J3; sil, Sediment, that which subsides. Dung, excrement.
otherwise in conversation be confounded with c- samin, Fat. A 39 sakib, (part.) Burning. Glittering (star). Pene
A si, Name of the letter - whence saw.y, Verses trating. Begging; a mendicant. (A camel) abounding in milk.
ending with that character. The Persiansoften call this letter se. -3%" K bi'l fikri's skib, Of penetrating judgment.
A J sakil, Heavy, of a proper weight (money). An over
A * si-a, Infirmity. Extenuation, slenderness.
A set st-adat, Fatness, plumpness. loaded stomach. Weighed down with disease. Troublesome.
A J.'s sa-lil, (pl. of J}} su-lul) Nipples, teats, dugs. A JSskil, Deprived of a friend, bereaved of offspring.
A **) &AW salibatush'shawa, (fem.) Chapped in the feet.
*A q-5 siba (for ~}), (fut. -->4 yasubu) He returned.
A - sa-b, (from 3) Being negligent, lazy, slothful. A G-Jslis, Third. An arbitrator, an umpire. 2* -\
Being torpid like one asleep. Sa-ab, Name of a tree. slisu bi'l khayri, An unprejudiced person. & e-J salisu
A sabbat (for . shabbat), Any young female. salasatin, One of three. P J ~\; slis kardan, To arbitrate.
a c-: sbit, Firm, fixed, stable, constant, immoveable, in A \ salisa, In the third place.
variable. Rigid, stiff from disease. Steady-paced. P e-A <\; A 3.5 silisat, (fem.) Third. An arbitress, a mediatrix.
To confirm, establish, render durable. To prove by witnesses. r &W e-W salis-nmah, A deed of award.
A&G sbitat, (fem. of <!" sbit) Firm. A fixed star. A. J salis?, Arbitration, umpirage, inediation.
A** --' sibit-kadam, Steady, permanent. Resolute. A J salisuna, The thirtieth.
A. ** <-- Usabit-kadami, Firmness, constancy.
A.J.' sbik, (part.) Overflowing. Profusely liberal.
*slij, Cola, frigid.
A.< salus, A Trinity of Persons in the Godhead.
A $2.5 sabt (or c; sbt), An ark. A x<\; smid, Eating gently (as a child or lamb). A kid be
a s sa-sa-at (from \;\; 9), Satisfying (camels) with water. ginning to eat grass.
Preventing (them) from drinking. Drinking enough (camels). A r smir, (part.) Bearing fruit. (A tree) loaded with ripe
Thirsting. Driving away. Removing from a place. Retaining. fruit. Pulse, pease. The flower of a salsuginous plant.
Resting quiet. Extinguishing (a fire). Calling (a he-goat). A Ji smil, An old rusty sword. A delightful residence.
A t sa-j (from z) Bleating (as sheep or goats). A er samin, The eighth.
A st sa-d, Dew. Cold. Earth. A shameful thing. Unripe A \le\; smin, In the eighth place. Eighthly.
dates softening. A soft plant, easy to eat. An inconvenient place. a yu sammur, The head.
 *
~!
snwi, Secondly. (GLADw1N).
A
- A j sn, (part.) Turning. The second. Double. j battle). Argument, proof.
c sn 'lisnayni, One of two. A-, j sn; withidin, The
second; making two. Js" sanil hal, Henceforward; in
future. ilac -jsn titin, Turning the side, i.e. Proud.
A \t saniyan, Secondly, in the second place.
A&\; saniyat, (fem. of J sn) Second. Double. A sheep
whose neck is bent, though not from disease.
A 3,5 sawat, Alean old sheep. A little, the remainder of a deal.
A sawry, Belonging to the letter - sa. (A poem) the
verses of which end in that letter.
A st sa-hat, The uvula. The gum.
A c-s shit, The throat; the wind-pipe. The pericardium.
A s sa-y (from ), Being broken, burst (as stitching).
Sa-y or sa-a, Mischief, the perpetrating of any thing bad. A
killing, or wounding. Sa-a', The scars of wounds. A botcher.
A * say, A stable, a stall. A fold.
A 39 s-ib, Wind blowing fresh before rain. (part.) Swell
ing and dashing upon the beach (the sea).
A 3.5 sayat, A fold for cattle. Stones set up for marks.
A&G sa-ijat, Lowing (cattle), bleating (sheep).
Aj sa-ir, Anger. 8, \ y\ sra sa-iruhu, His anger was
roused. (part. of j) Prosecuting. Raging for the revenge of
a murdered friend. (part. of J;) Raging (a whirlwind). j
J-9) sa-iru'r ra-si, Having the hair full of dust.
A ~ sabb (from sabba), Sitting firmly; being able to
do (something). Catching another's words, and informing
against him. Being completed.
A col sabt (from ~~), Coming forth, rising. Perma
nency, durability, firmness, stability. Perseverance, constancy.
Proof. re * ,-\ sabt-i py kardan (or ** .***
e-A sabt-i kadam kardan), To remain constant. A Sibt, A
belt for fastening a camel's saddle or a woman's veil. (111 of
}) Knowing certainly. Subt, A disease disabling one
from moving. (pl. of 3.5 subat) Herds, flocks, troops.
A&\ subtat (from ~5), Possessing strength of mind and
prudence. Being vigorous and invincible.
Aj. sibar, (III of ~) Perseverance, assiduity.
A}\} subbt, (pl. of a sabit) Fools, drivellers, Languid.
A e sibn, A bag, a basket, or the skirts of the garments (in
which they gather dates). (from c) Putting any thing in the
lappets of clothes, and holding them with both hands. Folding
up, and sewing the skirts of garments.
A & subat, The middle of a pond or cistern. Herds, flocks
(especially scattered), bodies (often or eleven horsemen).
*A c-: sabuta, (fut. -->4 yasbutu) He was firm in mind.
A c-: salt, Firm, resolute. j) - sabtu'l ghadari,
Perseveringly malignant. One who keeps not silence a moment
in wrangling. Constancy, firmness. P J sabt kardan,
478
To confirm, fix. To write, inscribe. A Sabat, Stedfastness (in
>k A & sabaja, (fut. ** Jasbiju) He squatted on his toes,
A & sabaj, The middle. The greatest (heap of sand). The
back between the shoulder-blades. The breast of the bird called
U-3 kata). Indistinctness in speaking or writing.
A \s; sahja, (fem. of t asbaj) Large-bellied woman.
A SA- siljarat, A channel made by running water.
A & sabajat, The mean between good and bad.
*AL: sabara, (fut. Ryasburu) He kept (him) back.
Aj sabr (from j), Checking, restraining, prohibiting, driving
away. Ruining, destroying. Injuring. Imprecating, cursing,
Receding, abstaining.
A $2. sabrat, Plain, level, soft ground. Earth resembling
chalk. A furrow, a trench, a ditch. Name of a place. Subrat,
A heap of corn on the threshing-floor.
Alaj sabt, (from a 3) Hindering (from business). Brooding
over (anything). Swelling (the lip). Being languid, torpid,
Sabit, Foolish, stupid. Languid, torpid (man or horse).
A J. sabk or sible, (from J.) Flowing quick (water, tears).
Pouring out (water). Shedding tears fast (the eyes). Sibk. A
place where a river overflows its banks.
AJ3 subl and subal, Remains at the bottom of a vase.
A J sabn, (from e) Putting any thing in the lappets of the
clothes and holding them with both hands. Folding up and sew
ing the skirts of garments. Suban, (pl. of & subnat) Bags or
baskets for gathering dates.
A 3.5 subnat, A bag, a basket, or the skirts of the garmen's"
which they gather dates. -
A ~~ subut, (from ~~) Being firm. Firmness, constancy.
Proving by evidence. <2<!" & baeda's subut, After proof.
A &:- subtat, (from ec-3) Being firm, unshaken.
Ap:- subur, (from 2) Perishing, being damaged. Being
opened (a wound). Ruin, perdition. Loss, detriment. A h
dreadful calamity. Alas! -
A J:- subk, (from c) Being filled (a well). (pl. of J
sible) places where a river overflows its banks.
A ex; siblin or subn, (pl. of 3.5 subat) Bodies (of men).
Ae suba, A troop, a company.
Asahit, Fixed; brave (horseman); sure-footed (courser).
AJ- Sabir, Name of a mountain near Mecca.
A -- satt, A fissure in stone. Cracked (earth).
A * satm, (from **) Bursting, marring (a seam or a stitch).
Casting forth what is in the belly.
A J satan, (from ej) Stinking (meat). Being soft (gum).
~: sutt, (pl. of c-3 satt) Fissures in the ground.
A
J sata', The fibrous integuments of the dwarf palm-tree.
A
Straw, r chaff, with which they stuff sacks.
skA gsaija, (fut. & gasuiju) (The water) flowed.
 ffe; 479 &A
A grij, (from *saija) Flowing plentifully. Pouring out. A little breast. A case in which a horseman carries gut and
A * sajjaj, One who pours. - Rain falling in torrents. feathers (for mending his bow and arrows).
A *sjal, A pleasant garden or mead, with fish-ponds, &c. AA Sarr (from ; sarra), Separating, scattering, dispersing.
AA* sajr, Broad and thick. Broad (leaf). Sujar, Scattered Moistening. Abounding in milk (cattle), in water (a spring).
multitudes. Arrows with large broad heads. Pouring (a deluge of rain, streams of blood, a torrent of words).
A 5A*sujrat, Ground extending along the bottom of a moun Going a great pace (a horse). Large, open.
tain. The middle or broadest part of a valley or of a river. The * A \,; sara (for 25), (fut. A yasru) (It) waxed great.
throat, breast. Parts of anything scattered in different places. A sara (from 2A), Becoming numerous. Increasing (men,
The hair on a camel's upper lip. A detached group of plants. riches). Being superior in numbers (one tribe to another).
A scattered company. A broad-headed arrow. Bringing the Pleiades and the moon in conjunction (night).
A Jsajal, (from J) Having a flagging loose belly, swel A \,; sarii-a (from 2A), Possessing much wealth. Being
ling round the hypochondria. abundant (riches). Being content, having enough. Rejoicing,
Als sajli, Large-bellied (woman). Capacious (wallet). being glad. Name of an herb. Opulence. The earth. -->
A Jsujiat, Amplitude of belly. y) tahta's' sara, Under ground.
A **sajm and sajam, A hasty retreat, or departure. Ay sirar, (pl. of; surr) Places abounding in water.
A crsajn or sajan, A road through rough grounds.
A. A.
A 5); sararat (from 5 sarra), Jetting out water (a fountain).
A saju, (from Being silent, speechless.
Jm s Aft sara-id (pl. of *; sard) Slices or crumbs of bread
sajuj, Water
A.
A ** flowing (from a height).
steeped in milk or broth.
- A.

A&sl="sajjat, Butter adhering to the churning-bottle. sk A sariba, (fut. -j yasribu) He reproved sharply.
** sajir, Dregs (of herbs or fruits) subsiding or expressed. A. ~; sarb, Death, destruction. The thin caul of fat cover
Broadand thick. A short (arrow) with a broad head. ing the intestines of animals. (from c-5) Blaming, reproaching
A galsah, A constant watering without intermission. loudly, upbraiding. Taking off (a sick person's) clothes.
A<salsahat, A hoarse sound in the throat. A ; sarb, Fat (sheep).
*A galaji, (fut. * yas-haju) He drew violently. A 9; sarabat, The fingers.

A --> sihaf, The tripe of cattle (where the dung collects). A : sarrat, (fem. of 5 sarr) Every thing abounding with
A& sakhanat, (from e=") Being hard and thick. water. 3, 2Je tayn-i sarrat, A cloud wafted from the side of
A **:Akhrat, Name of a plant. Mecca towards Chaldea. &#9 nkatu sarrat, A camel having
#: A csakhuna, (fut. J yaskhunu) (It) was thick, solid, a large orifice to her teat.
A j% sarsr, Talkative, chattering, blabbing. Clamorous.
A J- sakhan, Thickness. Sikhan (<' sakhanat, or Lk"
sukhn) Being hard, firm. The diameter of a planet's orbit. Name of a river in Mesopotamia, between Sanjr and Takrit.
A. ersakhin, Thick, muddy (the bottom not being seen).
A. 55; sarsarat, (from 5; Q) Speaking much and idly. Inter
rupting a speaker. Eating a variety of meats.
Firm (in mind and judgment). c-) e=="A heavy-armed man. A sarsum (or ; sartum), Remains of meat (in a dish).
a -la sudd-a, Name of a plant.
A *A sidam, (equivalent to 's fidam) A strainer; any cloth Aj. sarsur, A plentiful fountain. A river in Armenia.
(put over the mouth of a vessel for that purpose).
Ae; sard (from 93), Crumbling (bread). Bruising (the tes
A s sadgh, (from **) Breaking (the head). ticles) instead of castrating. Dipping (a garment) in colour.
A J sadk, (from J*) Flowing, falling in torrents (rain, a Killing (cattle) without touching the jugular vein. Slight rain.
river). Sending (horsemen). Ripping up (a sheep's belly). Name of an herb. Surd, (pl. of *} sarid) Crumbs steeped
Ais sidkim, Tired with speaking. Large-tongued. in milk. Sarad, A fissure, a crack in the lips.
#A9; sarata, (fut. ** Jasrutu or 3/asratu) He rebuked.
Afs sadm, Tired of speaking. Large-tongued. Thick, A; sart, Liquid dung (of a camel). Shoemaker's glue.
fat. Dull, stupid.
Aeja sadan, (from ej) Stinking (meat). Being fat and A.&\le; sartalat (from J; Q), Being loose, flagging. Draw
heavy-bodied. Sadin, Corpulent. Heavy. One who labours ing the train of one's garment along the ground.
under any bodily defect.
A & sartamat, (11 of *} q) Looking on the ground (with

A x; sady or sidy, The breast (in man and woman.) out pride or anger). Being as fat as he will be (a wether).
A sudy or sidiy, (pl. of s sady or sidy) Breasts. A ; sarti-at or sirti-at, A weak, foolish man.
AA sady, Large-bosomed (woman). -
#: A &A saria, (fut. A yasrat") He came at even-tide.
A sudayyat, A spur. High ground. (dim. of 59.5 sady) A lae; surgut (or *ae; suruttut), Thin clay; also &lae;
3.
 33 480 -3
surgutat (Hae# suruttut, lala-# suruttutat, or la-la-# suratti alted as the Pleiades. W.A) Je atikus surayy, The inter.
fat) Thin broth. scapulium of the Pleiades; WA) mitsamu's surayy,
A Je; surful, The feathers in a cock's neck. The wrist of the Pleiades; WA) - mankibu's surayy,
A. &A sargh (from #A) Having a large mouth (an urn). The The shoulder of the Pleiades: names of stars.
interstice between the cross-bars at the mouth. A J&F sarayn, The hair or wool of the body. Pubes.

&le; sirghmat, A wife. A woman.

A. &; sariyat, (from **) Being moist and soft (the earth).
A

A J surghul, A bitch-fox. A & F sarid (and saridat), Crumbled, grated, or sliced

A J; surghl, Name of a plant. bread for putting among milk, or broth, and under meat. Fruits
A Jy surkuby (or &:35), An Egyptian linen or garment. infused in liquor. P e.9% *} To steep bread in wine.
A; sarm, (from *A) Striking any one on the mouth, so that A U.S. sashsh, The squeezing of wind out of a leathern bottle.
the teeth fall out in consequence. Knocking out a tooth. #Alisatta, (fut. L yasattu or yasuttu) He had a thinbeard.
A ls; sarma, (fem. of asram) Broken-toothed (woman). A a satt, (from f satta) Being thin of hair (on the beard or
A e sarman, Name of a shrub of which camels are fond. eye-brows). Thin-bearded. Heavy-bellied. Dung. Sutt,
A s sarmadat, (from *; Q) Cooking (meat) carelessly, (pl. of asato Thin-bearded. e-w suite Hiji,
not enough; soiling (it) with ashes. Name of a bitter plant.
& - - - - - -
Thin-eyebrowed.
A als; sirmit, A large sheep, making a crashing noise whilst * A \ sat (for f satawa), (fut. * yasta) He sinned.
eating. Suramit (or &las; suramitat), Thin mud or clay. A \ satt, A woman having no hips (i. e. who cannot sit at
A lft sarmatat, (from Q) Abounding with soft mud or home nor attend to work). A spider or other stinging insect.
clay (land). Eating with noise (a sheep). A
A s sut-at or sat-at, A kind of insect.
A JA surmul, Name of a certain animal. J it n 777-2
& - - -

A!". sitat, (pl. of \ satt) Thin-bearded men. Excrements.

surmul, The hyaena. a & Ella sattat, (from a satta) Having a thin beard
A ** sutae, Rheum, a catarrh, a running at the nose.
- A & sarmalat, (from J q) Voiding foeces. Eating ill
dressed meat. Serving up hastily for a guest, victuals not suffi A Je sutgy, Troubled with a rheum.

ciently cooked, or dirtied with ashes. Eating in a slovenly man
ner, smearing the beard or fingers. Doing (any work) carelessly.
Surmulat, A bitch-fox. A fox. The groove between the nose
and mouth. The remains of any thing in a vessel.
A w; sarn, (from ey) Injuring a companion.
A JA sarnatzy, Heavy-bodied (man).
A:F sar, (from 2}) Rendering, or being numerous.
A\,; sarw, (fem. of asra') Wealthy, extremely rich.
A e). A sarwn, Opulent, rich, wealthy.
A surub, (pl. of ~} sarb) Cauls of fat. Deaths.
A , ; sarwat, Opulence. Number, multitude, abundance.
a & sattat, (fem. of a satt) Heavy-bellied (woman).
A laj satat, (from a satta) Having a thin beard.
a & al.; sutatat, (pl. of Lisatt) Thin-bearded. Heavy-bellied.
:: A s satata, (fut. **. yastagu) He was polluted.
A t satt, (from s) Being seized with a running at the
nose. Being polluted by the filth of the body. Becoming putrid
(meat). Appearing clear.
a & al. sattamat, Superiority to one's fellows (in speaking).
A Li sata, The enjoyment of delicacies and luxuri" of
every kind. A plentiful year. Affluence.
A J sata', Madness. Sati, Foolish, insane. Suta', A spider.

A se, sariidat, Crumbled, grated, or sliced bread for putting *A*- satza, (fut. S-34 yasittu) He vomited.
amongst milk or broth. -

Ay sarur, (A camel) abounding in milk. Surur, (pl. of
A sarr) Flowing fountains. Plentiful. Scattering.
A $25 sururat, (from ; sarra) Separating, scattering. Flow
cl) U-9 ra-isu's 'satbin, The basilisk or cockatrice.
ing. Pouring forth. Abounding in milk, and having a large
orifice in the teat (cattle). Trotting fast (a horse).
A {3} surugh, (pl. of &A sargh) The interstices between the
cross bars at the mouth of an urn.
A *} sarwa", (fem, of e' sarwn) Abounding. Opulent.
A sara' or saran, Moisture. Dust, earth. A tomb.
a r saabib, Pure flowing water.
er saabin, (pl. of e subn) Long bulky serpents.
A
A s sazr, A sweet-scented wood.
A2 j sazrir, A kind of asparagus. A fissure in the *
A satlib, (pl. of satlab) Foxes. -l z
satlib, (A country) abounding in foxes.
A 3.Js Saglabat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A J suzlat, A fox. A bitch-fox. Night-shade. Dry

Sari, Joyful. Suriy, Rich. Much (wealth). Moist. grass, hay, or forage.
A sarya, Moist earth. A al sam, White wormwood-seed.
a Wy surayya, (dim. of 52.5 sarwa) Rich in a moderate A t sutmat, A shameless adulteress.
degree. The Pleiades. (met.) Well-set teeth. Name of a A --> sat (from -), Setting a running. Shedding (blood
woman. f- \y 3. sudda-i surayy-makam, The throne ex or tears). Flowing. A channel through which water run
 2-3
A c sutbn, A large male serpent, a dragon, a cockatrice.
A e subn, (pl. of --- satb) Channels (in a valley).
a & suabat or sweabat, A venomous lizard having a green
head. A mouse. A dormouse. Name of a tree.
A *** satsat, A pearl or its shell. Scarlet wool.
A& satsatat, The speech of a stammerer. The inarticu
late sound made in vomiting.
, l
A *
sataj, A crowd of travellers.
A 5, s satjarat (from ,s Q), Pouring out.
A w satd, Sour moist dates. Soft (earth). Fresh (pot-herb).
*}, 4 ' He has neither little nor much.
A, sutr and sutur, A deleterious juice, exuding from the
root of a poisonous plant. Many warts.
A J sutrni (and ey, sutriarni), Two glands going
: ing. Pure cold water gliding in the bottom of a valley. Saghab,
round the margin of a horse'ssheath; also two in the udder of a ewe.
A , saararat (from 25 Q); Being cleft (the nose).
*Jj satrur, A short man. A wart. A plant producing
gum-ammoniac. The root of the sea-onion. A small cucumber.
A lax satt, Corrupted, putrid (meat). Sazat (from las), Stink
ing (as meat or water). Falling in pieces (a rotten hide). Swell
ing and cracking (the lip).
A lax satitat, An addle egg.
A J sial or satal, A superfluous tooth growing out before or
behind another. Sut!, An excrescence on the udders of cattle
resembling a dug. A kind of insect to be found in putrid lea
thern bottles. Ignoble, despicable. Satal (from J-5), Having
any thing superfluous growing before or on the side (a tooth).
Sutal, (pl. of Jsual) Excrescences resembling warts. Name
of a certain family in the Arabian tribe of Tayy.
A **satli, (fem.of J astal), Superfluous-toothed (woman).
A --!> satlab or sutlub, A fox. The upper extremity of a
*Pear-staff upon which the head is fixed. A gutter or sink in an
area. The mouth of the aqueduct which feeds ponds or cisterns.
The root of a palm-shoot. Je" "e da-u's' satlab, Baldness.
(Alopeia). ]" .93 daw-us'satlab, A sort of medicine.
-la. ~ : inabu's'satlab, Nightshade. r=~~~satlab-i
misriy, Salep.
A *satlabat, A bitch-fox. The rump-bone. The buttocks.
Name of a man; also of a tribe. Name of a king.
a rls slabiyat, A horse's pace resembling that of a dog.
a & satlat, A wart growing upon the udder.
A j satlu, A sort of date.
A J satlal. A superfluoustooth. Sull, Passionate, angry.
A sheep (which may be milked from three or four dugs).
#A satama, (fut. ** gas&amu) He removed, drew out.
A jix satanjar, The midst of the ocean.
* satw, Soft, unripe dates.
a -x, sutub, Gall, bile, bitterness.
A. J satial, (An army) encumbered (with baggage). (Cat
tle) having excrescences upon the udders resembling dugs.
481 \{3
Ala satit, Moveable sands blown about by the winds.
-
A s sugh, An idol. -
A \ sagh (from 3%), Bleating. Sugh, The bleating of
sheep, goats, or deer; the cries of animals in labour. The fissures
in the lips of cows, sheep, or other animals which part the hoof.
A - sighab, (pl. of -* saghb) Cold, limpid streams.
A2.2% saghrir, A small melon, beautifully streaked with red
and yellow. In Fgypt and Syria, where it grows, it is used like
a nosegay, on account of its beauty and fragrance, (pl. of 2
sughrur) Warts, excrescences (growing on a horse's sheath).
A sagham, A certain mountain-plant resembling the anise.
*A saghaba, (fut. ~& Vasghabu) He stabbed; he slew.
A -* saght (from -35), Digging. Piercing, slaughter
A reservoir of cool water in a shady part of a mountain. The
melting of ice. Sughab, (pl. of 3.3% sughbat) Frogs.
Ae sighbn and sughbn, (pl. of C-3 saghab.) Lakes of
cold water in the shady parts of a mountain. Meltings of ice.
A & sughbut, A frog.
A & sighsgh, A hesitation a stammering.
A * saghsagh, A stammerer, a stutterer.
A & saghsaghat (from *** q), Stammering. Trembling,
chattering unintelligibly. The bite of an infant before it has got
teeth. Incoherent speech. Search, scrutiny.
*A j saghara, (fut. x yasgharu) The edge (of the earthen
vessel) was chipped. (The sword) was notched. He brake
(another's) front-teeth. He closed (the chink or breach). He
occupied (the pass).
Ax. saghar or saghr, The fore-teeth. The mouth. A large
opening fissure, or gap in a mountain; a narrow pass between
hills, bordering on a hostile country. A strait. A chink. A
fortress. The best herbs. Separate, divided. Sughur, (pl. of
3, sughrat), Throats. Fissures, chinks, gaps.
A A sighrab, Yellowish teeth. Small teeth.
A 5A sughrat, The pit of the stomach or the throat (the place
where they slaughter camels). A fissure, a gap, an opening.
A tract of country. A plain level way.
- A.J.A sughrur, A wart. The confines of an enemy's country.
A ** saghim, A hunting dog.
- A 5% saghto. A sort of date. Sughaw (from ), Bleating.
Aj sughur, (pl. of; saghar) Passes, straits, frontiers.
A & saghyat, Hunger. A desert.
* A \ saf, (fut. * vasa and Us yasi) He followed.
A \ suff, Mustard. Mustard-seed. Nosesmart.
*A* safa-a, (fut. * vasa-u) (The pot) boiled much.
A 3-\-3-ff safjat mafajat, Very foolish.
A Gj safarik, (pl. of Jj sufruk) Grape or date-stalks.
A & As safat (from ~5 saffa), Becoming ingenious, skilful,
intelligent. Being light, active, nimble.
3 Q
 \;5 482
A & saffid, Whitish clouds, the one overtopping another.
Linings of garments. Trifles, slight things (as being the subor
dinates or linings to others).
A Juj sial, Slow-paced (camel). (111 of J) Eating meat,
corn, or herbs without milk. Sitting,
52 conversing with. Sifal,
sufal or safal, The lower mill-stone. Whatever is placed under
to receive the meal or flour. Sufal, A water-pot with a spout.
A J sifan, (III of ej) Sitting, or keeping company with.
Sticking close (like a camel lying down). Helping.
A g saff (from *), Being foolish.
Aj safr and sufr, Vulva ferae. Safar, A horse's crupper.
A ~, sifrab, (equivalent to A sighrab) Yellowish teeth.
A & 5,3 safrakat (from J Q), Not turning sour (milk).
A Jj sufruk, The stalk of a grape or date.
A J.; sift, The nether mill-stone. Sul, Dregs, sediment,
refuse. Corn. Pulse. Any thing spread under a hand-mill to
receive the flour. Sail, One who eats corn or pulse.
skAe safana, (fut. J yasinu), He pushed away.
A c, safn (from J), Bruising the knee. Following, coming
behind. Safan, A soreness on a camel's knees and breast. (from
c), Becoming hard (the hand). Sufun, The sewed sides of a
purse, scrip, or bag.
A & sainat, The callous part of a camel, upon which he re heavy. Sikl, A burthen, load, weight. Sakal, Baggage for
clines, viz. the breast, the knees, and the corresponding joints in the road. Followers, family, domestics. Every thing of superior
the hind-legs. Hence metaphorically applied to those whose value and carefully preserved. e as sakalni, Men and de
breast, hands, and knees are become callous, from their zealous
mode of performing their prostrations at prayer. The groin of
a camel. The joining of the thigh and leg in a horse. The
lower hem or border of a robe. A number. A crowd. A ca
mel striking with her knee whilst being milked.
A & safnakat, (from & Q) Talking nonsense.
A sufwat, A saucer, or small dish.
Ac; sik, (imperative of c, wasaka) Trust thou.
A c-ff sikb, Chips, straw, stubble, fuel.
A sikbat, (from ) Being kindled; burning (a fire).
Glittering (a star). Being fragrant, pungent (an odour). Pe
netrating, obtaining, being generally received and observed (as
a saying, or command). Yielding milk plentifully (a camel).
Being very red.
A cosikt, (pl. of & sikat, from J) Trusty friends. The
companions (of Muhammad).
A s sak, (A woman) of an excellent genius. Sik,
(III of -i)Disputing (for superiority of genius). Litigation.
Fencing. Battle. A saw, a plane. A wooden instrument for
straitening spears. A figure in the geomancy or enchantment
called J) arramlu,resembling # - J *: gawm-i sakil, A heavy day. The day of judgmen"
A 3's sakat, (from i) Being quick, acute, intelligent.
A. J sakal, Heavy, loaded. Grave. Large hipped. Quiet.
Slow (camel). Sikl, (pl. of Jsakil) Heavy; grave, morose,
unamiable. Quiet. Slow, sluggish. Oppressed with indispo
<-3
sition, sleep, or guilt. (III of J), Living habitually upon solid
food (as corn and vegetables).
A&\; saklat (from J), Being heavy. Becoming weighed
down, oppressed. Being pregnant (a woman). Being slow,
sluggish, torpid. Being dull of hearing (the ear). Being full
of sap (the stalk of a thistle). P 's W basaklat, Gravely,
morosely, unwillingly, importunately.
>}: A sakaba, (fut. - yaskubu) He perforated.
A sakb (from ), Perforating. Having a perfect
knowledge of a thing. A hole. P J ~. To bore a hole.
A ~~ sukab and sukub, (pl. of 3.5 sakbat) Holes.
A & sakbat, A hole.
A & sikat (from c), Confidence. A trusty friend.
*A is sakaa, (fut. i.e., yaskufu) He straightened (the
spear).
A -sak(from -ij, Straightening (a spear). Conquering
(by address, ingenuity, or cunning). Finding, hitting upon, per
ceiving. Taking, receiving, getting possession of Sik, sakif
and sakuf, Intelligent, ingenious. Industrious, active.
*A Jsakala, (fut. J yaskulu) He tried the weight.
A Jsaki (from J), Feeling the weight of (anything) by
holding it (in the hand). Making equal in weight. Making
In Ons. er" J-y rasulus sakalayni, The prophet of men and
demons (Muhammad). Sikal (from J), Being heavy, dull,
torpid, sluggish. Gravity, heaviness. Sukul, (pl. of J sakl
or sukal) Heavy, large-hipped, quiet (women).
A ksukal, (pl of J sakl), Heavy. Grave. Oppressed.
A & saklat or sakalat, Heaviness, gravity. Indigestion.
Languor, lassitude, torpor, dulness. Siklat, Anxiety, trouble,
molestation, oppression, urgency, importunity. Sakilat and sika.
!at, Baggage, luggage.
* -; sakl, Fuel. Sukab (from C-3), Being kindled (a
fire). Shining (a star). Diffusing itself (an aromatic smell).
Prevailing, being observed (an aphorism, orcommand). Abound.
ing in milk (a camel). (pl. of C-5 sakb), Holes.
A sakib, (A camel) abounding in milk. Very red.
a - sak, Extremely sour. Acute, intelligent (man).
Name of the father of a tribe. i ab sakf; Vinegar.
A is sikk, Very acid. Ingenious, intelligent.
A Jsakil, Heavy, grave. Indigestible. Morose, severe,
sour, phlegmatic. Lazy, dull, slow, inactive. Oppressed with
sleep, disease, or guilt. Js J, kawl-i sakil, A hard saying.
* Ji sakil haw, A thick dull atmosphere.
A & sakk (from << sakka), Flowing on the ground (water).
A & saksakat, A foolish woman. (from c:33 0) Being
foolish. Being of a bad disposition.
 343 483 33
*A J&sakila, (fut. J& yaskalu) He was bereaved. Mud thrown out of a well. Destruction, death. Sillat, A flock
AJ3 suki and sakal, Bereavement. Death, perdition. of sheep. Death. Sullat, A crowd of people. Much money,

Ac)3 sakln, Bereaved of offspring, deprived of a friend.
A J% sakla', (fem. of eX& saklan) Bereaved (woman).
A * sakam, The middle of the road or of a multitude. (from
) Following the footsteps. Persisting, persevering. Stop
ping, remaining, dwelling. Sukam, A guide, a conductor.
A.K sukn, Smoothness, levelness of road. The king's high
way. Sakan, Name of a mountain. Sukan, (pl. of 3.3 suknat).
A&G suknat, A flock (of birds). A necklace of pearls or
*A --; salasa, (fut. --Jyaslusu) He took a third.
A -l sals (from 4), Dividing into three parts. Taking
a third. Becoming a third. Making the thirtieth. Sils, Any
thing of which the third part is boiled away. The third day's
watering (of a palm-tree). The third colt (of a camel). Suls
and sulus, The third part. J suls-i layl, The third
watch of the night. Salas, (fem. of 35 salasal) Three.
A 25 salasa, Tuesday, the third day. -

A f salasan, Thrice, three times.

other gems. An ornament of coloured wool hung round a ca
mel's neck. A pit in which fire is lighted (for cooking, &c.).
A Jli salsl, A kind of vetch.
A e salsan and salasan, Nightshade.
Any hole dug of a size just sufficient to hold what is put into it.
Zeal in religion, true or erroneous. A place where soldiers rally A 3.5 salasat, Three. j" 3.5 salasatul asifi, The third
round a standard; also where no standard is. trivet; the prominent part of a hill, which with two stones is em
A J% sakul, Bereaved (mother). Trackless (country). ployed by the Nomade Arabs to support a kettle.
*J sagil, A beardless youth. A handsome youth. A Jj sulsal, Destruction, ruin. Any thing lying in ruins.
A l susulat and silsilt, Nightshade. Dry hay.
A J sall (from J. salla), Pouring (earth into a well). Pour
a 3-2 salsalut (from Jjo) Breaking down (a heap of sand)
ing out (money). Moving (a heap of soil or sand). Breaking on one side.
(a heap) on one side. Pulling down (a house). Subverting (a A e; salasuna, (oblique J salasina) Thirty.
throne). Ruining. Voiding excrement (a solid-hoofed animal). A J sulus?, Name of a particular hand-writing, or engross
A -l salsun, (fem.) Three. <! .3 zu salasin, Three
fold. A three-thread rope. Firm. Suls, Three and three; ing used in diplomas, letters-patent, or the like.
in threes. < za sulsin, The rope with which they fasten :: A* of 2*
salaja, (fut. Ayasluju), It snowed.
the women's litters on camels. *
A f sals, and suls, The third day, Tuesday.
A * salj (from *), Snowing. Snow. J.- jabalu's

A cl salswt, (pl. of f sals) Tuesdays. salj, Name of a mountain in Syria. P us- salj-i chini,
A & salasat, Three. e.9) & 23 zil salasat arkanin, Firm. China-snow, a soft white stone used as acolyrium. A Salaj, (from
* <!-- & salisa-i ghusalah, Three cups of wine taken on an g) Being cheerful. Steeping in water.
*
Drawing (water).
empty stomach, for purging out corrupt humours. ** salkh (from *) Voiding dung in the spring (an ox).
Ae salasuna, (oblique e salasina) Thirty.
A salasiy and sulasy, Triangular. A three-letter Arabic
Being smeared, daubed over.
A -3 salt, Thin dung (of an elephant).
root. Relative to three.
A s salt (or t), (from t or t), Breaking the head.
A 3.5 sulasiyat, The prince of princes, or lord of lords; (it
implies the second man in the kingdom, next in dignity to the A J salal (from J. salla), Perishing. Falling in ruins. De
shedding of the teeth. (pl. of 3.3 sallat), Flocks
wereign, as the vazir, the governor of a province, and the like). struction. A
A z; sallaj, A seller of snow or ice. of sheep. Silal, (pl. of 3.5 sillat) Flocks of sheep. Deaths.
A g-k suljy, (Blades of swords) bright as the snow. Sulal, (pl. of 3.5 sallat) Choked up (wells). Deaths.
:k A salama, (fut. * Jaslimu) He notched (the sword).
A Jj sill (from J; salla), Pouring down (earth in a well).
A salm (from ), Breaking the edge (of a sword or
earthen
Throwing (money). Moving (a heap of earth or sand).
*A --!> salaba, (fut. 44 yaslibu) He reproved. vessel). Piercing in the middle (a vesselora wall). Being broken.
a sal (from 4), Reproaching. Injuring. Repuls Salam, A breach (in the bank of a river).
ing. Overturning. Breaking, knapping. Being broken. Silb, A 3.5 sulmat, A fissure, a crack, a breach.
Alaali salmat (or l sulmut), Thin mud.
* camel toothless and weak (from age). An old man. (A
A * salmatat (from aa\; Q); Being loose and flaccid.
man) having chapt feet. Salab, A griping (of the belly). Filth.
Salib, Vice, a fault, crime. A spear broken at the extremity. A <! salus, (A camel) filling three pails with milk; having
A Salabt, Name of a valley (in Arabia).
three dugs dried up and milked at the fourth.
A 3.5 * A large flock (of sheep, or mixed with goats). A g; suluj (from *), Being quiet, cheerful. Steeping in
*rds of cattle. wool. wool mixed with goats or camels' hair. water. Drawing (water from a well). (pl. of salj), Snows.
3 Q 2
 _* 484
A 4. salib, Forage. Dark-coloured hay, of two years old. at the ends of a lash. Samir, Great quantities of fruits or goods.
A certain kind of plant.
a -t-.5 salis, A third part. Sulayyis, (dim, of ~); sulis)
A little trio.
*A* samma, (fut. * yasummu) He trode, he trampled on.
samm (from samma), Treading down. Confirming,
A
strengthening, establishing. Adjusting, adapting. Restoring, re
pairing. Rubbing (the hands) with grass or earth. Tearing up
grass with her mouth (a sheep). Devouring voraciously (meat)
of every sort and of all qualities. Collecting things of all kinds
good or bad, heaping up and carrying off (herbage). Sweep
ing the house. Summ, Utensils, bottles, cups, household furni
ture. Samma, In that place; there. Summa (or - summat),
And, then, therefore, after, since. j) J," A zahara'l
awwalu summa's san?, The first appeared, and then the second.
*A*sama-a, (fut. * yasma-u) He fed with fat meat. He
added sauce (to mushrooms). He broke (the head). He crum
bled (bread) small. He stained (with privet). He voided what
was in the belly.
A cus simd, See & samd.
Ajs samar, Various kinds of wealth. Simar, (pl. of 2.
samar) Fruits, products. Riches. Knots at the end of a lash.
A J simal, An assistant, one who manages the affairs of his
friend and family. Sumal, Deadly poison, or the venom of ser
pents. A hole. (pl. of JVs sumlat) Froths.
A Jus sumlat, The remains of any thing. Froth.
A ** summ, A plant smaller than wheat, with which a com
position is made for closing chinks, and curing diseased eyes.
A -v Abu summat, Musaylimat the false prophet.
A 3-1. Sammyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A es samni, (fem.) Eight.
A es samaniana, (oblique c samnna) Eighty.
A j samni, Eight. (for er samin) The eighth.
A & samniyat, (mas.) Eight. Name of a place.
A 3,4-e G samn ashrata, Eighteen.
A c samnina, (oblique) Eighty. The city of Noah.
A 3.5 simmat, An old man. Summat, A handful of grass.
A * samsm, One who breaks a thing whilst taking it up.
A * samsam, A hunting dog.
A &J samsamat (from ~ 0), Covering the head of any
vessel. Being restrained. Being firm, not bending nor trem
bling, when striking (a sword).
A * samj, Mixture, confusion.
A 2.5 samd or samad, A small quantity of water cut off from
every source (whence it could be increased); the remains of
water in a bottle; water which appears in winter and disappears
in summer.
AA samar, Fruit; profit, advantage. Gold. Silver. Knots
J
Sumur, (pl. of a samar) Riches. Fruits.
A V samra, A tree. (A tree) bearing fruit. Fruitful (soil).
(pl. of 52. samarat) Fruits. -
A $2.5 samrat, Sweetness. $2. <<! J-- \ m bi nai
laka samrat, There is nothing in me agreeable to you. Sama
rat or samurat, One fruit. One fruit-tree. Profit, advantage.
Recompence. Progeny, offspring. A knot at the extremity of
a lash. The tip of the tongue. The skin of the head.
Alaa samt, Thin shining mud.
A x samead, Beautiful of face.
a t samgh (from t), Mixing white (silk) with black.
Dyeing well, ingraining (cloth). Anointing (the head); tinging
frequently (the head with privet), dipping the head among (it).
Breaking (the head). Samagh, Certain funds which the Khalif
Omar left in Madina for pious uses.
A &t samaghat, The top of a mountain.
A Ja saml, Delay. (from Ja) Drinking before eating.
Suml, Intellect. Prudence. Samal, Drunkenness. A staying,
Samil, Drunk, intoxicated
a commorancy. A shadow, a shade.
with wine, or love. Sumul, (pl. of J. samlat) Grains and ve
getables. (pl. of J sumlat) Mud at the bottom of wells.
A & samlat, Grains, vegetables. Fried barley. Dates,
one half of which are in (the basket), and the other half above.
A little water remaining at the bottom of a cistern or a vessel.
Simlat, (pl. of J sumul) Menstrua. Sumlat, Intellect, pru
dence. Sumlat or samalat, Mud at the bottom of a well. A
flock of wool made use of in anointing a camel (for the scab).
Alaa samlat, Laxity, flaccidity.
s samana, (fut. J yasmunu) He took an eighth.
>k A
A er samn (from er), Taking the eighth part of a man's
effects. Being the eighth person. Simn, The eighth day from
a camel's drinking. The watering of camels on the eighth day.
Sumn or sumun, An eighth. Saman, Price, value. J *
samn-i kalil, A small price. Sumun, (pl. ofer's saman) Prices.
a U-23 samnush (Qavo;) A shrub, a briar, a bramble.
A ** Samd, The old Arabians, to whom they say the Pro
phet al- Salih was sent. (Kurn, ch. vii. Sale.)
A J sumill, The catamenia. -
A x. samum, (A sheep) tearing up grass with her mouth.
A r sam?r, Bearing fruit. Samir (or $2. samrat) Butter
swimming in the milk, or sticking to the sides of the churn. But
ter-milk. en) ibn samir (for 24-), A moon-light night.
A & samghat, Liquid food mixed with the fat of meal.
Moist ground. A wound in the fleshy part of the head.
A J sam?l, A composition of cream or sour milk with salt.
(pl. of &l- sam?lat) Places containing water. Waters re
maining in cisterns.
 5-3
A leaf samilat, Assistance by meat, drink, or by advice. A
whet before dinner. Water remaining in a vessel. A residue,
a remainder. That part of the belly where the remains of peating. Averting, turning aside. Becoming added, being se
meat and drink lodge. Household furniture carried on a camel's
back. A basket made of, or covered with leather. A stone struc
ture for holding water. A vine-arbour. Name of a bird.
- - - *.
A c" saman, Valuable, precious. (equivalent to c summ),
The eighth part, cs 29 durr-i samn, A precious pearl.
A sumayyinat, (dimin. of 3.5V. samniyat) Fight.
A e; sinn, Dry hay, made up into stacks. Blackish wood.
A t san, A salutation, congratulation, a wishing joy, a re
turning of thanks. Blame, disparagement. P e uj To con
gratulate, to pray for. A Sin, A fetter, a cow-band for cattle.
A rope made of goat's hair. (pl. of 2.5 saniy) (Camels) shed
ding their front teeth. Sund, In two's; two and two.
A.J.L. sin-ni (and ej sinyni), Two cow-bands for
cattle. A cow-band having two nooses.
AA. A. sund-a sun-a, (They came) two and two.
re);s. \; san-kh'n (or JS t san-kr), An orator, one
who praises or pronounces eulogium.
r- uj san-kh'ani, A returning of thanks.
a sol sand, (pl. of 5,4.5 sanduwat) Breasts of men.
P t san-kri, An oration, a prayer.
P*** sand-gari, Praise, eulogy.
"...s sand-gy, Praising; an encomiast.
AJ siniin, Many and intangled plants.
al sany, (pl. of & saniyat) The front-teeth. Arduous
undertakings. Qu ** tallatus'sany, One who aspires to
great things.
A &t. sinyat, A rope made of goat's hair, or wool.
A J san-7), (A word) of two letters. Name of a poet.
A 3. sunnat, The fetlock of a horse. The abdomen. Pubes.
A sanit, Stinking (meat). Flaccid (lip).
Ae sintn (for re- is natani, fern. of Jus' isnani), Two.
A J e- sintan sintan, Two and two.
a $3.5 sintyat, Obscene, ill-disposed.
AJ- *antal, A rotten egg. Sintil, Short. Contaminated,
dirty. Weak, helpless. -
A 3)st; sinjarat or sanjarat, A channel inade by water.
* 3: A. sundu-at (or 3.3-, sanduwat), The protuberance of
flesh upon the chest of a man, and also the nipple.
*** sant, A fissure, a chink.
r & sang (for c> 3 tang), The book of the impostor Mn.
A J sunan, (pl. of 3.5 sunnat) Long hairs on the fetlock of a
horse. The lower regions of the belly.
*** sanwa", (equiv. to f sany) A strong choice camel.
*** sanawiy, (Possessive, from e isnni, Two; and
A-sw" isn **hara, Twelve) Having two, or twelve. One who
holds the doctrine of the two Principles, one of the sect of the Magi.
485 \;
J sana', (fut. Jyasni) He bent, folded.
#: A
*J. sany, (from J) Bending. Folding. Doubling. Re
cond. Siny, A flexure, the twisting or coiling of a serpent or
rope, the winding of a river. A woman bringing forth twins (or
a camel two colts). Twins. An hour of the night. Suny or
suna', The lieutenant or substitute of a king; a chief magistrate.
Sina', Anything doubled, any action repeated. 33-) 5 J
l sina' fi's sadakat, Tythes are not to be demanded twice in one
year. Monday, as the second day of the week. (A camel)
having twice brought forth. Secondary, inferior to another in
dignity or virtue. Saniy, Shedding the first teeth (hence im
plying the time when it happens to different animals, as six years
for a camel or deer; four for a horse; and three for an ox or
ram). Sunzy, (pl. of J isnni) Second days, i. e. Mondays.
A t suny, An exception. Suny or siny, An excellent
and strong camel.
A cl saniyt, (pl. of 3.5 saniyat) Front-teeth. Roads
that lead to the top of a mountain.
A J sunyan, Secondary, the next in rank, or the substitutes
of a prince, the head of a family. Second in dignity, authority,
or excellence. Deficient in understanding. (pl. of e- saniy)
(Camels) which shed their front-teeth. --
A 3.5 sinyat, (pl. of c sunyan) Secondaries. The most
despicable. Saniyat (for &W saniyat), The second. Saniyatan,
In the second place, again. San'yat, (fem. of J saniy) (A
she-camel) shedding the front-teeth. A fore-tooth. The decli.
vity of a mountain: also the road by it, or to the summit. High
ground. An arduous, difficult undertaking or business. An ex
ception, any thing excepted. A guide, a standard-bearer.
A J. sunya', The head, heart, feet of a slaughtered camel.
The udders, also the part of the breast on which a camel re
clines. An exception, a thing excepted.
* - * - - - -
A \, saw-a (from ~553), Remaining, dwelling in a place.
Dying. Being buried.
A "; sawb, A premium, recompense, reward. A punish
ment for evil. Any good work (as worthy of reward). A re
warder. Honey. A bee. Name of a man, who, in discharge
of a vow made by his wife, on his return from a military expe
dition, submitted to be led to Mecca with a ring through his
nose : hence the adage, --> cr 8 * atwata min Sawb,
More obedient than Sawb. Sawwab, One who sells garments,
A &l; suwabat, A flying star, a planet.
A "; sawbit, (pl. of &\; sabitat) Fixed stars.
A z'; sutrj, The bleating of a sheep, or goat.
- Aj', sitcar, (111 of 23) Leaping, rushing upon.
A 3); sawwarat, The fundament of a horse.
A P; su-t, Rheum, a cold.
A 3); sawkib, (pl. of3.35 sakibat) Bright glittering stars.
 J; 486 \}
A J3; sawkil, (pl. of J35 skil) (Monies) of good weight. are sometimes subject, making them to fly from the flock. Sul,
A ); sawalat, A swarm of locusts. (pl. of J;" astral) Sheep or goats affected by a vertigo. Fool.
A --"; sawlis, Of the third generation. The third scruple ish, insane. Lazy, slow.
(amongst astronomers). : sawla, (fem. of J;" astral) Ewes, or she-goats, afflicted
A

A sawn, (pl. of &\ saniyat) Seconds. with the above distemper. Mad, foolish. Lazy, slow.
A g; saw-ij, (pl. of *-** sit-ijat) Bleating, lowing. J}} su-lul, A. nipple. A wart.
A

A ~; saw.b (from ~5), Returning. A robe, vest, garment. ; sum, Garlic. An onion, a lentil. *.* sumu'l hayyat,
A

An unsewed garment, a piece of silk (of ten cubits by three
quarters in width) of which they make a garment which flows to
the ankles. The parapet of a well. Clientage, protection. A
work. Siwab, A crowd.
A \; su-aba, Lazy, torpid. Su-ba (or \; suba), Yawning.
A. e'; saw aban (from ~x) Returning. Recovering (health).
Assembling (people). Flowing (water into a pond). Being,
or becoming full (a well, a vase, or a cistern).
A &\; Subaniyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A $; suwat, Household furniture. A piece of cloth laid under assail (a man); attacking. Breaking out (smallpox or other erup
the churning bottle on the ground. An eminence on which a
direction-stone is placed. See also &; su-yat.
Mountain-garlic, (so named because it is spotted like a serpent).
Ll siml, (Thymelea) Spurge-laurel.
A& siamat, A single seed of garlic. The pomel of a sword.
Name of a tree, bearing no fruit, and more fragrant than myrtle.
A e- sawmatin, Spleenwort.
G U-23; smus, (9tuo;) Thyme.
A suwub (from ), Returning.
A.J.; suwur (and); su-r) (from 25), Being raised, flying
(dust). Being excited (a tumult). Springing up in a rage to
tions). Coming out, shaking themselves from the dust (locusts).
A eye; su-iran, The appearance of blood. '

A z saw, A kind of vessel. A 5.2% su-urat, Hatred, the desire of revenge.

A ** sawkh (from &#), Sinking into the mire (as the foot). A *; saw had, A plump, jolly boy.

Thrusting (the finger) into any thing soft.
Ay sawr, A bull. Taurus, the zodiacal sign. A prince, a
lord, a master. A brave soldier. Redness. The diffusion of
the crepuscle or twilight. A whiteness at the root of the nails.
An assault. Rapid motion of the blood. A large piece of the
coagulated milk called as akit. The green scum upon stand
ing water, or sea-grass; weeds growing in pools; any thing in
herent in water. A fool, a madman. Many (men), abundant
(riches). A mountain near Mecca, celebrated in the Kurn.
Name of a man, the father of a tribe. Name of a star. Je
J! aynu's sawr, The bull's eye (name of a very brilliant star).
(from J}) Being raised (dust), excited (tumult).
A.J.; sawr,
Breaking out (pimples). Starting up in a passion to strike a blow.
Rushing upon. Rising up from the dust (locusts). Belching.
A !, Sr, Name of a river near Damascus.
A ey sawrn, Dust stirred up. Sarcarn (from 25), Spring
ing up, assaulting. Being raised (dust), excited (a tumult).
A 32; sawrat, A cow. Wehemence of the passions. Siwarat,
(pl. of J sawr) Bulls. Large pieces of coagulated milk.
A 5; su-rat, (from_t) Taking revenge, retaliating, killing
one for the murder of another. Delighting in revenge. A thirst
for revenge or retaliation.
A ; surayya, The Pleiades, so called from their number.
A &; suwae, A mountain-tree, always green, having a large
trunk, and branches resembling the turpentine-tree, but useless.
A J; sawl, A male bee. A swarm or hive. A tree of a
#A s; sawa', (fut, s yaswi) He sojourned (any where).
A : suwa, (pl. of $; suwat) Household utensils.
A sawwa', A piece of cloth wrapt round the churn-stick, to
prevent it tearing the leathern churning bottle. Household stuff.
A sawry, A guest, a stranger. An inhabitant (of Mecca |
or Madna). A captive. A house prepared for a stranger.
A suiczy (from ), Abiding. Dying. Being interred.
A &; Saribat, Name of Muhammad's nurse.
A &; su-yat, (pl. : suica') A bit of cloth wrapped round the
churn-stick to prevent it from tearing the leathern churning bottle.
A &; sawiyat (from s), Dying, expiring. Death. Sepuk
ture. A woman. A sheep-cote, a fold. Name of place.
A &; saw?lat, A heap of herbs. A miscellaneous assembly of
*
men. A number of boys. Many cattle. Much riches.
A \ suwayn, A rolling-pin. Flour which the baker sprin
kles under his leaven.
* A \ sah, (fut. 3:33 yas-hia) He was foolish.
A <^* saht (from ), Vociferating, making a noise.
A &# sahsahat (from &# 0), Being melted (snow).
A J sahi (from J), Being spread on the ground.
A ej sahian, Missing the way. One who deems what is for
bidden, to be lawful. Name of a mountain. Name of a man.
A J; J (e. J.32allubnu) sahlala wasuhlula, Alying,
trifling, idle fellow.
* sahmad, A large, fat woman. Name of a place.
A

bitter, salsuginous species. Sarcal, A torpor in the limbs of a A sahwad, A plump, jolly boy, approaching to puberty.

sheep; also a vertigo or madness to which they, as well as goats, A ~. siyb, (pl. of --> sawb) Garments, robes, vestments.
 -> -
J siyabiy, One who takes care of (the) clothes (of the ja-batu'l midra', A doe whose horns begin to shoot forth (which
A
bathers in a bagnio). are then thick). e) -ja-batu'l batni, The abdomen.
A $5.5 siyrat (and 3; sirat), (pl. of 23 sawr) Bulls. A &t-jbat, An answer. Obedience. Power.
*A - sa-iba, (fut. -*. Jas-abu) He was negligent,
A --- sayyib, Holding connubial intercourse. A woman who
departs from her husband after having but once conversed with
him. (The term is also applied to a man by way of reproach).
A man and woman acquainted for the first time. J) el,
caladu's sayyibayni, A son born under such circumstances.
A J sibk (from J.), Overflowing the banks (a river).
Shedding (tears). Diffusing (water).
A sayyat, A sheep-cote; a stable or place for cattle.
A J saysal (or J saytal), An aged mountain-goat. A P
mountain-ox, or the species. A fat, jolly man. Impotent.
A 1.5 saysalat (from J oy, Acting foolishly after having
behaved wisely.
A & saykh, (from t) Sticking in the mud (the foot).
A visa-id, Moist (place). (A man) affected by cold.
is
A. sir, The lid or cover of a well or pit.
A Jr. sirn (or 5. s?rat), (pl. of); sawr) Bulls.
*A'a; sa-ita, (fut. p gas-atu) (The meat) stunk.
A Jsi, (pl. of J: asyal) Large-sheathed (animals). Sil
or styl, The sheath or penis of an animal. Sil or sayyil, Grass.
A ** saymm, Name of an herb (resembling wheat).
A e- sn, The place in the sea where they fish for pearls.
Perforating pearls. The instruments with which they pierce them.
*:A g sa-iya, (fut. * Jas-a') (The sewing) was burst.
- A
\
t jim, The fifth letter of the Persian and Arabic alphabets;
and the character for three in arithmetic. It represents Tuesday
and Cancer, in astronomical books, and is also the contraction of
the sixth lunar month called,s
selt- jamadi'l akhir. This
lr is sometimes interchangeable with G. che, jj, j
say, L
shin, and g 3 and has the power that is given by us to the
letterjin James.
P -j, A place. Stead, room. e); s baja-i fuln, In
lieu of such an one. * -j baj, From Place to place.
Here and there. Scatteredly. JA..T (+ ba j madan, To
9'ne to its place, to come to Pass. To return to its former state.
#A *-j-a, (fut. J-yaji-u) He came.
A*-j-a, A barren, scarce year.
** --ja-aba (fut. yaj-abu) He got wealth. He sold.
A --ja-b (and ---jb) A strong ass, wild or tame. A **-- Jjarmanah, Name of a fountain which dries up at
lion. A she-goat. The navel. Thick, robust.
Ferocious.
2-'r' rja-bu's sabri, Hardy, patient.
**-ja-bat, (fem.) Thick, strong. Fierce. al &l-
487 --
<-
jbir, (part.) A setter of broken bones, a repairer of
A2'-
any thing broken. A proper name. Powerful, mighty. Proud,
cruel, or tyrannical. 2'-9" abjbir, Bread (as the staff of life).
A 33- jbisat, (equivalent to M, firr) Flight.
P |-'- Jbits or Jabulsa, The west. Name ofa city in the
west, beyond which there is no habitation.
rl-Jbitk or Jbulk, The east. Name of another city,
thelimits of the world towards the east. These are only to be met
with in fabulous authors.
J-jbilus, jbals, or jabulus, A flatterer, a wheedler.
A muleteer. e J-'- jbulus kardan, To flatter, to fawn.
P J-'- jabulus?, Flattery, adulation.
P J-jliik, An interpreter of dreams.
A J-jabi (for J-jbi-a), A locust.
A J.- j07, A collector of revenue, a tithe-gatherer.
A &l- Jbiyat, A large stone reservoir for watering camels.
Name of a village in the vicinity of Damascus.
re-'-jbdan, To be lazy, to be cowardly, frightened.
To be loth, unwilling. To be vexed, to repent. To be broken.
P '- Jprb, Name of a city in Turkistan.
rj}:\- Japaz, Name of a city in Turkistan.
H -- Jt, (s STF.jta, Born) Name of a Hind tribe.
P &G'+ jlgh, A bit of wood fixed on a tent-pole.
P e;"> jatan, (in ancient Persian) A name of God.
P c- jatanitan, (in ancient Persian) To come.
*A**-ja-asa, (fut. Sl yaj-asu) He was heavy laden.
<-- ja-s, (from <--) Being heavy laden, or travelling
as if overloaded (a camel). Being slow in rising, or carrying a
burthen. Relating any action. Being frightened. Bad-tempered.
P c- jsalzk, (Kaoaud;) A prelate, doctor, or Christian
priest. Fire. A flatterer. A secretary, scribe, notary. A war
like machine for hurling stones.
A --jsim, One who wanteth sense or motion.
* - - -
-
A ja-jsyat, Kneeling. Name of a chapter in the Kurn.
A *>y J- J-js; ala' rukbatayhi, Kneeling on both the
knees. Name of a constellation called J J ra-sul jasz.
sk A z- ja-aa, (fut. t yaj-aju) He stood still from fear.
J.
A 5'-t- ja-ja-at (from t-la- Q), Calling camels to drink.
r all-jj, Sin, delinquency. A courtezan. Dry, arid.
A 3-(-jjat, A glass bead, a small necklace,
P c-- Jjarm, Name of a city.
*-rise, and becomes replenished at sun-set.
P -- jjam, A fine kind of bedding or carpet.
A -- ja-j-, (pl. of3-5- Juju-a) Breasts. The breasts
of birds. A ship's bows.
 _*-
- 488 - 3 *

A 3-\-jhid, (part.) Denying, obstinately resisting.
Ala-u-jhitat, Prominent, projecting (eye).
A las-la-jhiz, One who hath prominent eyes. A man's name.
A.J'a--jhizatani, (dual) The pupils of the eyes.
A --- jahim, A very hot place.
A &t---jhimat, Fixed (eye).
P <!--- jkhsk, A sickle.
A las-- Jakhatiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
*A e-jda (for e;-), (fut. Qyajiadu) IIe was liberal.
A e-jd, (equivalent to J's btil) Vain.
A e-jdin (for se-jd), Asking, or begging as a gift.
A s-jdd, (part.) Striving. Diligent, industrious.
P ele-j-dd, A place, employment. Assets. See 'e s-
p e-le |- j dadan, To give an appointment. To protect. jarr, A particle which gives (to a noun) a termination in kasrah.
A ---jdib, (equivalent to 'S$ kasib), False. A liar.
A sel-jddat (or sel-jddah), The highway, the straight
path. Je se-jda-i eadl, The administration of justice.
P ve-jdaras, Millet.
p - Je- jdar-i (or chdar-i) kfir, Day-break.
A J-e-jdis, (equivalent to Je dris) Obliterated (trace).
*A*- ja-ara, (fut. J yaj-aru) (The ox) lowed.
A_\- ja-r (from ja-) Lowing (an ox). Groaning in prayer,
Asking with a loud voice. Being long (grass). Producing such
herbage. Suffocation. Luxuriantherbage. A corpulent man,
*A_\-jra (for 23-), (futjyajuru) He was unjust.
p_- jr, News, intelligence.
AJ- jar, Neighbouring. A neighbour. A partner in trade.
Any one bound by oath. An assistant. A wife. (The) maked
ness (of a wife). Name of a town in Arabia. --jir
- junub, Neighbours. J A- jaru'l nahri, Name of a certain
water-plant. P \}, \ A-far-i ba waf, A faithful friend.
Aja- Jar, Name of a sea-port town over against Madna.
Aj- jarr, (part.) Drawing, dragging. j- ,-j- har-i
A SA- jrat, A wife. (pl.) Deviating from the right way,
A $5 jarrat, Camels led by the halter. The way leading to
the watering place.
A ty- jarih, (part.) Inflicting a wound.
A &= - jarihat, A rapacious animal. (See c-jawrib).
'- jrad, Necessity. P

A -e- jdisat, Unploughed, uncultivated land. Ajja- jriz, (part.) Coughing vehemently. A barren woman.
A Jea- jdil, A wrangler. A robust (youth) arrived at the A severe cough.
years of puberty. A camel's colt able to follow the dam. A $39- jrizat, Hard, dry ground covering sand.

r;39- jdang (or --- jdangy), (in ancient Per- A j-jrif, A destructive murrain. A grievous pestilence
sian) One who embezzles property entrusted to him for pious uses. which raged in the time of Ibn Zabir. Trouble, calamity. "
p >e-jd, A conjurer, a magician. The eye of a mistress. P e- jrgn, The envelope of the nutmeg, mace.
Juggling, conjuration, magic. Black. 29- ~5 Black hair. A '- jrim, One who gathers in the produce of the palm
P Jus-e-jd-khayall, A spectre, apparition, illusion. tree. Delinquent. -3- Banjrim, Name of a tribe.
P J-,-- jd-sakhun, A poet. An eloquent discourse. A ey- jrin, A serpent's brood. An ancient obliterated path.
P US 22'-jd-kuna, Practising magical arts. (CAstELLUS). An old coal of mail.
r;-- jd-gar, A juggler, a conjurer, a magician. p > j-j-ru, A besom, a broom, a brush. A sweeper.
24 - F- - - - - - P - j-rub, Sweeping. A sweeper. Mortar. A beson
P s;S-jd-gari, Magic, conjuration, enchantment. - - - - * -
P
-- '... -->
---jdak, Necromancy, incantation, witchcraft.
- - - a broom, a brush. Jej
12 . .t. -- ...-
j-j-rub
! -
zadan, To sweep. <-y
orshi
~ * * e es; 5'a-rub as mujgan kardan, To behold. To worship.
p sel-jdah, A highway, a road. Manner, practice.
P sel-jd, Sorcery, witchcraft, incantation.
rej & j-jrb-san (also J -- jrb-k"). "
sweeper, an inferior servant. A sweeper of a mosque or ma"
A -** jd, (part.) Begging as a gift. Jadly, Saffron. leum (a situation both lucrative and honourable).
A. S-ja-- (from 3-) Drinking, swilling, guzzling. P 2,2'- jrd, Very dry (season). Bad (man). Unhappy.
A ~3-jsi, (part.) Drawing (as a plaster). Attracting. A &-'- Jrdzyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect. -

Alluring; attractive. An allurer. A camel giving little milk.
A &S-jzibat, (fem.) Attracting. A camel giving little milk.
Attraction, charm, allurement; grace, beauty, loveliness.
A.J3-jzil, (part.) What stands erect and firm (an elevated
place or thing). (poetically) Cheerful.
rjs, A wizard, a necromancer, a magician.
r 3.3-jz, Sorcery, magic, witchcraft.
A J- jz, (part.) Standing on tiptoe. Short in the arm.
Pyla- jrr, A river. A stream formed by waters lowing
from high grouds during excessive rains, or the melting of ice.
A hinge, or any thing upon which a door turns.
A x-jr, (part.) Running, flowing. Proceeding, passing:
Happening, becoming. Current. r Asm-ijiri (or *.*
| '- ab-i jr) Running water. Pej 9-jr bdan, To
flow, to run. To occur, to happen, to become. ino. H
A &j. jriyat, (fem. of the above) Flowing, running. *P

A 3- jziyat, (fem.) Standing on tiptoe. Short-armed. pening. A ship. The sun. A girl, a servan'. " female
- lave.
sla
irst
(Sheep) giving little milk soon after the birth. Aj- ja-2, A stifling sensation in the breast from rage, thin",
- - -

or suffocation when under water.

AJ- ja-r, A corpulent man.
 --
*Aj-jza (for 59-), (fut.j}< yajiazu) He passed by.
Pj-jz, A frog.
t:
A 3'- jzie, The prop of a vine or a palm-tree.
A j- jzim, (part.) Depriving a consonant of its vowel, ren
dering it quiescent; gezmating. A resolver, a concluder. A
camel satiated with drink.
rj-jz (for >3'- jazu), A magician.
PJ ~5-jzb kardan, To sweep. (CASTELLUs.)
A &j-jsi-a, (part.) (A doe) satisfying thirst with grass.
A -5'-js (or ju-jz), (fem. &j-jziyat) (part.) Suf
ficing. Value, recompense, equivalent, sufficiency.
A s-> jsa-at, Hardness, asperity.
P ----jst, A wine-press.
A 3-le-jsid, (part.) Dry (blood) adhering to the body.
AJ-- jasir, Bold, hardy.
A --- Jasim, Name of a town in Syria.
Arv--jsus, A spy, an intelligencer. The white poppy.
PJ---jss, Spying, secret intelligence. J J---
jss kardan, To play the spy. To seek intelligence.
P c-- jsnitan, (in ancient Persian) To hold.
A e--js, Hard, cruel, inhuman.
*L*-ja-asha, (fut. J. yaj-ashu) He was agitated.
A J-ja-sh, (from J-) Being disturbed; palpitating,
drooping, fainting (the heart from grief or terror). The heart,
mind. v |ay rbitul ja-sh, Intrepid, firm, bold, steady.
A U--jsha, (fut. Uyajishu) (The pot) boiled.
P J-jsh, A granary. A heap of wheat (on the threshing
floor). Chaff, husks of corn. Hemp-seed. (after a noun of
number it implies division or distribution) Two parts, three parts.
A *A*-jshiriyat, A morning draught, of camel's milk only.
::A J-ja-asa, (fut. J-: 3yaj-asu) He drank (water).
sk A **-ja-ata, (fut. *: yaj-atu) He was oppressed from.
*A 8-jea (for 8 :-), (fut. * * gajutu) He hungered.
A 3,-- jtirat, The anus, annulus podicis. Dung of animals.
A e--jziratini, (dual) The buttocks of an ass or horse.
A Je-jail, (part.) Placing. A maker, framer, fixer, doer.
A 3-2- jtiyat, Foolish (woman).
Pre- jghar, A bird's crop.
p <!-- jghsk, A sickle.
A -ja-d ; One who calls or vociferates.
*A -3 -ja-afa, (fut. s Jaj-afu) He threw prostrate. He
extirpated. He terrified. Ja-ifa, (fut. yaj-au) He was
terrified. He hungered.
*- jf, Dry, withered. Wandering, travelling (fond of ting, unbarking, grazing the skin (a blow), but not going deep.
*y, not contented with one thing). A courtezan. A fatal, deadly season. A pestilence, plague, epidemical disorder.
A -jff, (part.) Withering, drying. Dry.
P 3\sl- jfjaf, A harlot. A royal forest. P_3\\- Jalnapur, Name of a place.
A J-jfil, Light, active. Disturbed (in body or mind). r_<\a- jlandar, A church, a chapel, a shrine. Name of a
a 3-3- jftlat, (A wind) blowing strong.
489 J
A ju- jf, (part.) Injuring, vexing. Cruel, savage, unfeel
ing, unjust. A sinner. Rude, rough, stupid. Unquiet.
PJ-jak, The sound made by a sword in striking a blow.
p :-St-jksh (or 3-5-) A grain resembling a lentil.
A J- jkalun, Name of a certain root.
P e-j-jknitan, (in ancient Persian) To bring.
P J-jki, A tree whence tooth-picks are made.
P *A*-j-garm, A warm place. Stability. Repose.
re-j-j-gusin, Choosing a residence.
r_<!-j-gir, Holding, occupying a place. Penetrating. A
possession in land granted either in perpetuity or for life, as a re
ward for services or as a fee. A pension. J 2'-j-gir-i tan
or ~". 2'- j-gir-i zt, Assignment of land for personal sup
port. --- 2'-j-gir-i hashm, Lands granted for the sup
port of troops. J- 2- ja-gir-i sar, An assignment of land
for the support of an establishment of officers and servants.
*M*A*- j-gir-dr, One who holds an estate for life.
:k A J-ja-ala, (fut. J yaj-alu) He went and came. He
gathered (the wool). (The wool) was collected.
#A Ju-jla (for J;-), (fut. J yajulu) He went round.
p J-jl, An aquatic bird of the size of a crow, and the fla
vour of a goose. A species of owl, almost black, with a whitish
head. The tooth-pick tree. A met, a snare, a gin.
(s STF)
A J-jl, A wall, a parapet, a fence to a well. The interior
part of a well from the top to the bottom.
a Ju-jl (for Jae-jazl), Forged, counterfeited.
A \-jl-a, (from J-) Quitting one's native soil, going
into exile. Chasing away from one's country, driving into exile.
A. e-ja-aln, (from J-) Limping, walking lame.
A --!>jlib, (part.) Attracting, drawing. An author, a
mover, an exciter, a causer. A merchant who travels from coun
try to country (with slaves, cattle, cloths, or other merchandise).
~~) <--!-jalibu'l kulub, Attracter or ravisher of hearts.
A Ja-jalat, Exiles.
r eye-Jaldirn, Name of a city near Tabriz.
A J-la-jlis, (part.) Sitting, sedentary. Coming into a high
country. A companion, a chum. ex: .0"> A camp-follower.
P J-jlish, Coition. Venereous.
**-jlish-gar (or -- jlis-gar), Addicted to venery.
Waving, swinging, walking with a pompous air.
S-jlie, Impudent, immodest, obscene. Conspicuous,
A
resplendent, transparent. <!-jlizat, Immodest (woman).
A il-jli, (part.) Pulling up, tearing out, breaking, cut
district in the north-west of India.
A s-Jlt, (hen, n3) Goliath.
3 R.
 A
pM- jldr, A running footman. \-iin;
P &\-Jalah, A raft made of leathern bottles inflated 8-9 j June, (part.) Collecting. Comprehending. Assem.
P Q- jali, The tooth-pick tree. - "g. Joining. All, whole, universal, collective,
A collector.
A : ji, (part.) Shining.
----- 4 -
Polished, Evident, clear.
- -
A great mosque, temple, or cathedral
*as khutbah is repeated on Fridays. An ass in foal where the prayer called .l
A * jaliyat, Exiles. Tribute. colt. c-) J: t- jamizu nal mushtakkina, Uniling
rj-jlis, (equivalent toj', Pli:) A kitchen-garden. A those who had been separated. J.A.), s r t-jmis.
melon-ground. A meadow. tulumi'l awwalin wa'l akhirin, Comprising the learning of the
Pr-- Jalesar, Jellasore in Orissa (India). ancients and the moderns. Cv,3) t- A-3 sit-i jmil
APU-- Jalinus, Galen the physician. Kamlt, Containing the essence of all perfection. t- **
P '-jm, A cup, a goblet, a bowl. Glass. A looking- dut-i Jamie, An universal Prayer, in which is included what.
glass, a mirror. A button. Name of a town in Hart. --> ever the supplicant wishes for, in this world and the next.
9: jam-i burak, A dish of macaroni. J-2 rj --- &\-jmisat, A large kettle. A pillory (as comprehending
A

jm-ipur as shir o may, A goblet of milk and wine. (met.) the neck and he hando. - - -

The lip of a mistress. Elegant poetry. - . a-jm-i Jam

(or A*-*- ---jm-i Jamshed), The cup or mirror of Jam,
...t
Universality, generality.
P J jing A bastard. A rogue. Ash, w.
Solomon, or Alexander the Great; which, according to the Pe-jna-kn, (e.<!- jna-kan or s-jm-gh),
Eastern fabulists, represented the whole world (whence it is A wardrobe in baths, where people
2%
undress.
-- -

also called VJ J- z- jm-i jihn-nam or v J*** **-jimakya. (from P J-jmag), A gift.

- - - -

jm-i gt?-nama, A mirror showing the universe; and meta- P J-jmagi, A piece of cotton cloth, sufficient for a gar
phorically, a pharos, or light-house, particularly that of Alex- ment, a cotton tunic. A salary. Victuals, livelihood. A sli
andria). Lj --- jam-i zibaki, A crystal goblet. c- pendiary. A gun-match. sediment. - - -

Ajn-i sahar, The sun. * ---jm-i s?m, A silver gob

-- P_\;< J-jmagi-khr,
22 ---
A stipendiary. A wine-drinker.
- -

let. The chin of a mistress. r ---jm-i shahr-yari, rje - jmagi-dar, A matchlock-man.

A large goblet, Jr.: ---jm-i sh?r, A teat yielding milk. A A C- jinik A troop orcamel.

bed of canes. 2, c-jm- gohar, A crystal cup. (inet.) r-jmali, Insanity. (CASTELLUs.)
The lip of one's mistress. J., & 24, --- jam-i malik-i rej--jmnunitan, (in ancient Persian) To speak,
shark, The sun's disk. J --- jam-i hilali, An oblong r_\;<\- jama-war (or 5); c-jma-iwari), Fit, or intended
dish, resembling a ship; a tureen; also a drinking cup. el- to be made up into a garment. in-i kati.)
ej <-2 jm bar sang zadan, To dash the goblet in pieces P <!--imilau, onr. te: (Burhn-i katie.
An

(met.) To leave off wine. J.-->4. bullur-jami, A crystal J-'- jamus, (from P Jrs gwmsh) A buffalo.
A

cup. A crystal coach-glass. -- P & c=-jmah, A garment, robe, vest. A bed, couch, sopha.
P ------ Jamsb (U-'- Jms, or ~~\- Jmt), The Cotton, linen cloth. A wrapper. A patch upon a garment. A
Soil of the prophet Daniel, celebrated in the East as a skilful phy- half-burnt fire-brand. A poker. A poem of any kind (exceed
sician. 3.0 --L-- Jmsb-nmah, Name of a book written ing nine verses). An eulogium, a panegyric. History. Power,
by him, a copy of which Castellus says he had in his possession. dignity. Protection. Stipend, salary. (for l- jam) A cup,
A al-jmih, Refractory, stubborn, vicious (horse). a goblet, a flaggon with a long crooked neck. ,+! &
- - - - $. * - - F *
jama-i akhirat, A winding sheet. w c-jma-i bdrum,
- -

r & Ukl-jm-khanah, A room hung round with mirrors.

A <!-jmid, Concrete, congealed. Consistent. Rigid, stiff. Breeches. Old coarse garments, aprons, &c. which labouring
* : . .
- -

Styptic. (in gram.) Underived, primitive. Inanimate (as fossils). -

people put on when going to work. Jse
-
- -
-

-
-
. .
:
* . ."
* *

Fat. A.U- L m-ijmid, Dead or stagnant water. Cl **-
jmidu'l kaff, Close-fisted, stingy, parsimonious.
pyl-4-jma-dr, A keeper of a wardrobe. A musqueteer.
r &ts-J'Acla- jamadar-khanah, A wardrobe.
pl.A.-jma-dri, Protection, defence, guard.
re,'l-jma-dn, A wardrobe, a clothes-bag.
P <!---jmdni, A species of fine cotton cloth with spots or the eye. The human body. c (**T J-9 &cle-jmah dar
flowers wove in the loom.
A v--- jmis, Frozen (water).
A 4-'- jmasah, The Egyptian bean.
ba dandan giritan, To weep bitterly. A cl & U-29 F *
jmah bar kadash tang amad, His vest became lightn *
body, i. e. He swelled with rage. ee> j a c-jmah bes
namudan, To sift, bolt, ~|~ & c-jma-i kh'b, Bed-clothes,
**);-&-la-jma-i Khrshd, The leaf of a tree. D
scuring the sun. The earth. The eye-brow. The pupil 0
anj nihd, He there left his clothes, i. e. He died in that plt.
95 J- J-9 & cl- jmah dar Nil 2ad, He threw his garments into
the Nile, i.e. He put on mourning. U4.J &cl-jmah daridan,
 e- 491 e
Aw: P !; J-jn-a-, Refreshing the spirits.
To tear or rend one's garment. (met.) To make a violent exer
c
tion. To joke, jest. ,< &l-jma-i sahar, The sun. The reul-jnn, (pl. of e- jn) Souls. Jnn (or &Gl
: zephyr. Arc 3.<!-jma-i tid, Holiday-clothes. Scarlet. Blos jnnah), Handsome, lovely. A mistress, a sweetheart.

soms, flowers. % 3.<!-jma-i ghk, A green film seen to ry f J-jn-war, Alive (spoken chiefly of winged animals).
it: float on stagnant water. J &l-jma-i fathi, A fine silken An imprudent, injudicious man.
P us-Tel-jn-hani, Iron-hearted; merciless, cruel. Brave.
robe. J &; 4.-jmh fatah kardan, To tear one's clothes.
#: L3 &c-jmah kab kardan, To let out a secret. &cl A -- jnib, A part, a side. Strange, foreign. Contempt,
:*: |
ej jma-i katrn, Garments of pitch, i. e. Mourning. -la scorn. Distant between the feet (a horse). e- lay
**.*

*-
Jjima- nakhchuwanz, Scarlet. yinul janib, Gentle, of amiable manners. JA) &4

P_r &\-jmah-bur, A pair of scissars, or shears. jnibu'l gharby, The western part of Mount Sinai (where God
t,
r &&. &c-jmah-khnah, A wardrobe. appeared to Moses). (Kurn.)

p eye & A-jmah-dn, A portmanteau. A clothes-chest. P j-jn-bz, Playing with life, i. e. exposing one's self to
* ~}} &cl-jmah-23b, Becoming one's clothes. danger: venturesome. A rope-dancer, tumbler, or other person
F &z=-jmah-shuwi, A washer of clothes. who pursues a dangerous trade. A horse-dealer.
* L; &l-jmah-farsh, A vender of clothes, a slop-seller. P -5'-a-jn-bz, Intrepidity. A swing, a slack rope.
r), &c=-jmah-war, Fit to make clothes from. A flowered P Ls4}\-jn-bakhsh, Bestowing life. Refreshing the soul.
sheet or shawl. A kind of chintz.
God. The forgiver of a capital crime.
P J.-- Jm, Name of a celebrated Persian poet. PU 3-& e- jn-bakhsh?, Animation. Vivification. The
p J- jn, The soul, spirit, mind. Self. Life. Wind. The pardon of a capital offence.
mouth. Arms. The father of demons. Name of a race said to PJ'A-la-jnb-dr, Partial. A supporter, a second. An ad
have inhabited the world before Adam. ele'e &= - e vocate, a defender.
jn ba dastarchah ddan, To tender one's life. To advance PJ-jnb-dr, Partiality. Support.
money. JArc j J- jn bar damidan, To restore to life. re e- jn bar miyn, Ready, prepared. Expecting
ext 2 e-jn-bar shudan, To escape with life & Kj el death.

Je jn bar shukrnah ddan, To advance money. .e- P e- zer e- Jn bin-i Jn, The name of an imaginary be
J.A. ayjn-i padar, O soul of your father! O my dear son ze ing, who makes a great figure in Eastern fabulous tradition. He
Jjn-i pariyn, Wine. J ~~Jr jan taslim kardan, is supposed to have been the monarch of that race of creatures
To give up the ghost, to die. 2) e-> 39 Ja-jn-i to ojan-i o, called by the Arabians Jnn or Jinn, (by the Persians
Jnniyn" or Jinniyn"), and also of the Paris or Fairies,
His life is as dear to him as thine to thee. (It implies also) una
nimity. L*-e- jn-i jamash, Wine. e- re- jn-i both of whom inhabited the earth before Adam's creation, but
jahn, Life of the world. e;-- J- jan-i haywan, Milk. But were then banished to a corner of the world called Jinnistn,
ter-milk. Oil. Gravy. Honey. Cs; ex- .e.- jn-i for disobedience to the Supreme Being. The buckler of Jn
khd farkhtan, To sell one's life, i. e. to expose one's self to bin-i Jn is as celebrated in the East as that of Achilles among
danger, eye'e eju-jn dadan, To resign one's life. To kill the Greeks; being composed by talismanic art, which they ima
one's self cle e-jn dashtan, To wish, desire, aspire gine renders the bearer proof against all enchantments. It was
after, to have an ambition for, to endeavour with eagerness. e said to be possessed successively by three Solomons. See J
cle e-TJejn dar astn dashtan, To risk one's life. e Sulaymn and 52 pari. *

Jye jn dar miyn, Though my life be at stake. er J A J- jniby, Collateral. Foreign, adventitious.
jn-i zamin, Herbage, flowers and fruits. eyer:- e-jn sipur P J-jmbidan, To dislike, to nauseate, to loathe.

dan, To resign one's breath. C- re- jn-i talam, Life of the A c-jnibayn, (oblique dual) Both parts, every side.
world, i.e. Muhammad. J ea-jn kardan, To be in the P e- J-jn-jn, God. Bread. The scrapings of the pot.
agony of death. e. c-jn kandan, To labour hard. To die. A *\-jnih, (part.) Inclining. A sinner. -

a J-jnn, A demon, the devil. A kind of large snake, with

black eyes, perfectly harmless, and allowed to go about the houses
in the East. e- 3.) ab jann, The father of demons.
P_5 e- jn-zr, Cruel, inhuman, tyrannical.
P ji e- jn-sri, Cruelty, tyranny. -
p -jngh, A knob of wood fixed on the top of a tent.
p e J- jn-frin, (God) the creator of the soul.
A&\-jnihat, The lower, front rib.
p_\ \- jn-dr, Animated, having a soul. Powerful, active.
A daily stipend. A guardian, a preserver of life. Taking away
the life, an executioner. A sword-bearer.
rle e-jn-dr, Theriac. Opium. Wine.
P t;A&\-jn-dri, The possession of life, animation.
r &\xi\-jn-dnah, The bregma of the skull.
3 R 2
 c- 402
pUA- Jn-dar, Animated. An executioner. *\- -

P s J- jn-dehi, Opposition, resistance. Death. A 3'-jini, (part.) Gathering. Sinning; a sinner.

P by e-jn-rub, Ravishing the soul. Killing. p ersj-Jni-dushman, An enemy desirous of one's life.
A J- Jnin, Name of a city in Syria.
P J e-jn-rah-i, The saving of one's life.
r;">-jw, (in the dialect of Turkistan) A place.
r- J- jn-sipr, Exposing one's self. Resigning one's
self into the hands of another (an epithet of a lover). Devoted.
**-ja-wi-a, (fem. of **) f-a') Dark chesnut (mare).
Dark-coloured (crowd or troop : from their bucklers),
P **-*-jn-sipiri, The endangering of life. Death. P &\e,\- jawdnah, Eternal.
P e--jn-sitn, Ravishing the soul. Killing, murdering.
* J- jawndan, To hawk, to spit. To chatter (as birds
P 3'-'-jn-sitni, Allurement. Murder. terrified). To be Perpetual, eternal. (CAstellus).
*32-3'-jn-sz, Inflaming the mind. A beloved object. A '- Jaway, A camp. A repository for cauldrons or kettles,
A L-jnish, Near, neighbouring (place). A $. -ja-awat, A traveller's kettle-case, a canteen.
*K---jn-shikar, A hunter (of wild beasts). The angel A &l= ja-wat, A severe barren year.
of death. A mistress. Nervous language. Pe-jicid, Eternity. Eternal.
el-jn-shikari, The place of execution.
P relea- Jidan, (&le; a jwidnah or j-jwdn),
Eternally, for ever. Eternal, everlasting. Divine.
re), * e- jn-shirn (or Jj e- jn-shirn), Sweet <!- eles- jwidn-sary, The eternal mansion, heaven,
P

life! Life itself. (Castellus.)

e---j-nishin, A lieutenant. A successor.
p Py- Jvar, State, condition. e- To change.
9,23- jaw.arad (or j- jawazd), The white-thorn.
P
P e- jn-farsa, Wearing out life, displeasing.
* J-jwars or Jwaras, Millet (whence an intoxicating
*}e-jn-fu-, Enlarging, refreshing the soul. beverage is made).
*} e-jn-fusy, Cheering, welcome to the spirits. The
P
Ay-jwashir, The opoponax-tree.
23d day of the month in the year of Yazdagird. p >, > Jawah, The interior of the mouth. Name of a stinging
Pe- e-jn-fishn, Ready to sacrifice one's life; zealous. animal. The island of Java.
r- e- jan-fishnz, Hard labour. Extreme diligence. * * *-jwd, Eternal. Eternity.
A waste of life in the service of another. P ***** jaw-danah, Eternal.

P s's el- jn-kah, Exhausting, weakening the spirits. Pa p Gl- jwdn, Eternity.

thetic. Afflicting. rj} **- jwd-tirz, Ornamenting eternity. r

PJ.3'-jn-kash, Quarrelsome, litigious, contumacious. re-'-jicidan, To scream (like birds). To hawk, spit.
2. - F - - - -
P ej'- jawzzan, Astone found in the gall-bladder of an ox.
r-jn-gh, Dangerous. 33- 2'- chah-i jn-gh,
A dangerous pit.
A labyrinth. P su-jh (also *-jah), Place, rank, office. Dignity, gran
* 7~ M., 14;
* * * --
h I Weakening.
rjag-jin-gudis, Melting the soul, we keni
55
.
Consuming. deur, magnificence. Honour, reputation. Fortune, prosperity.
. . The world. , -

|- &all-jah, Exalted in dignity.

-
- -- - - - - - -

r_<!-jn-gusar, Penetrating the mind or the heart.

A 2'- jahi, A word employed in driving male camels.
'33-nla-jn-gusar, A sigh bursting the heart. A &s-jhat, Dignity, power.
rse-jn-gasi, Deadly (poison), noxious (beasts). A \l- jahid, (part.) Wishing to eat, hungry. Studious, di
PJ- Janagi, Name of a country.
ligent, industrious, active. A seeker. A warrior, particularly
*2% |-jn-gir, (Taking the soul) the angel of death. in defence of religion against infidels.
rj e-jn-nisr, Scattering life; a devoted servant. p_'Ast- jh-dr, One who fills a public station.
Pyly...t . 7iin-war (or _2
y-jn-ear), Living, quick. An & Al- jahishat, A crowd of men.
A

animal. An animalcule. A fierce beast, a wild boar. A cis-jhis, Who is more powerful. A conqueror. Pe
rj-j- Jnisipr, Name of a learned Magi. netrating, keen, acute. High (camel's) bunch.
Pyl- Janushar, Name of the courtier who killed Dr A & isla- Jhizat, A yearling colt (of an ass, or a mare).

(Darius Codonannus) the last king of the Kayniyn dynasty. P <<!- jhak, The breast-bone nearest the throat.

P ej U-jnianitan, (in ancient Persian) To be to exist.

P &l-janah, The young of any animal. The pith of a tree.
Arms, armour. An island. The cheek. &l- ~! asb-janah,
A foal, a horse's colt. &l-2's gie-jnah, A calf.
p_'. &l-jnah-dr, A sword-bearer. A daily pension. The
guardian of the soul. Food which preserves life.
rl-jn, Soul. Cordial. l- w * O dear brother:
A Jl-jhil, (part.) Ignorant. Barbarous. An idiot. Js
c- jhl-khalk, The ignorant, vulgar. i.a. J-jahik
"ins, Half-ignorant, i.e. one sensible of his ignorance.
A &ls-jhi yat, Ignorance. Paganism, heathen darkness
(as prevailing in Arabia before the time of Muhammad.).
AJsa- jhambr, (p J-s ghambr) A festival cele
'K.
*d by the old Persians on the 25th of the month Ardibahisht. i.
 c
*** - 493 |--
-

pJ.--> s-jh o jalal, Dignity, grandeur, splendour.

A Al-jhi, Ruined, dilapidated (house).
A *-jhiyan, Publicly, openly.
P c- jahidan, To grow cold, to suffer cold. To rub.
3: A J-ja-d', (fut. ls yaj-a') He bit.
A --ja-y (from s-), Biting, fixing the teeth. Retain
ing, containing (as a jar, water). Keeping, preserving, tending
(a flock). Covering. Being of a chesnut-colour (a horse).
p s-jay, A place. An abode. Name of a flower. '-
<-- s j-i ishtibah mist, There is no room for doubt.
a thing stands, or wherein it is contained. A birth-place. Atl
UJjy-gah-i ghurab, An hospital for travellers, a caravan
sera, an inn. i.e., t jy-gh-i latf. A pleasant dwelling.
v 24-jy-gh-i my, The edge of the eye-lid.
*A*-jy-gir, Possessing, occupying a place, fixing a ha
bitation, making a settlement. Efficacious. ex--jy-gir
shudan, To be respectable, venerable. To be in an exalted station.
A J-j-il, (part.) Moving round.
P ~~~s-jy-mand, Lazy, sluggish. Unemployed.
P --- s- jy-nishast, A station, a situation.

Je J-j-i is tirz, The place or time of opposition. s PJ- s-jy-nishin, A successor, a locum tenens. An of
Lja-i bsh, A mansion, a house, a palace. Lu s-j-i ficer of government appointed to inspect the conduct of a governor.
bshish, A suitable place forliving in. A dwelling-place. s rj s-j-i namz, A carpet to kneel on at prayers.
A J-j-i, (part.) Coming, approaching.
-id-i bahari, A spring-residence, * s-j-ipanah, A
place of refuge. An ambush. Jy sa-j-i zarur, The ne Pe-jy, One place. J.- & bah jay?, Wherever.

cessary. r-s-j- ghamm, The place or time of grief s A -j-iyat, Pus, matter. Blood.
jj-i karr, A place of residence, a habitation. AA s P J-jydan, To take up a fixed residence.

j-i girz, A place to flee unto, a sanctuary. *** s-jy * A C-jabba, (fut. -- yajubbu) He cut clean away.
mandah, Remaining in a place; incapable, impotent. s- 4-5? A -- jabb (from -- jabba), Castrating. Cutting off (a
bsah-jay, The place of a kiss; any thing kissed, or worthy of it. camel's bunch). Overcoming (by address or bravery). Jubb,
A 3.5-j-ibat, News which spreads from country to country. | A well (especially a deep one, without a parapet or cover).
A &t-ja-ihat, Damage, injury, corruption, calamity; any A --jab-a, A kind of mushroom. A blow on the eye.
thing destroying cattle (as old age, or the malignity of the air). :k A *-jaba-a, (or J-), (fut. *gajba-u) He abhorred.

A s-j-id, Plentiful (rain). Beneficent, liberal. A. *-jab-a (or s\-jib-a), (from *-) Abhorring, abstain

rle, s-jy-dd, An assignment in land (for the mainte ing. Remaining behind, far distant. Shewing timidity. Ly
nance of an establishment of troops). Assets, fund, source. ing hid. Averting. Crawling out (a serpent from his hole).
P cle, s-jy dshtan, To be probable. To happen. Being struck, dazzled (the eye). -

a 3-j-is, (part.) Swelling himself with drinking. A U-jab, Level and extensive ground. High ground round
Ayu-j-ir, (part.) Hindering, preventing. Unjust, cruel, a well. Jiba, Water collected in a reservoir for watering camels.
tyrannical. A sycophant. Injustice. Many, much. Heat in P |-jibi, Tribute, revenue. Juba, Saturday.
the breast (from drought, hunger, or anger). Sourness in the A \- jabb, (fem. of -- aabb) Bunchless (she-camel).
mouth or stomach (from eating any thing fat). Menge-lipped, flat-breasted (woman). Jubba, Pusillanimous.
real- jyrn, A kind of doe, a gazel. A cl-jibab (from -- jabba), Cutting off the leaves (of
Aj- j-iz, (part.) Passing. Lawful, legal, warrantable, the palm-tree). Sprinkling (the female palm) with the male
authorized, permitted. Indifferent. The beam of a house (as flowers). Castrating. (pl. of C-jubb) Wells. (pl. of 3
passing from side to side). P &#1- j-i: keh, It is possible that. jubbat) Cotton waistcoats. The hollow part of the head of a
r}-jyis, Unjust, tyrannical. A sycophant. (CASTELLUs.) spear (into which they fix the staff). Jubab. A fluid resembling
A jiu- j-izat, Benignity. A gift. One draught of water. froth, swimming on the surface of camel's milk.
The place at a well where the waterer stands. P ---jub0, A stake, a wager, a bet.

Af 5''- ja-izah, An examination, a review. Trial, proof, con A &\-jabbat, A wide desert plain.

firination. Signature. Muster. P s-jibabat, The exacting or collecting of revenue.

A v-j-is, (part.) Searching, seeking. Feeling.
A J-j-ish, (part.) Enquiring, examining; an examiner.
A *-i-j-ishat, The mind, the spirit, the soul.
cuts his leather. Jiba-at, (pl. of s-jab-a) Mushrooms.
A s-j-ie, (part.) Starving, hungry.
* -i-j-i, (part.) Penetrating (a blow). A penetrater.
A &-j-fat, A stab, a deep wound.
p -jy keh, Where, the place that.
P *-jy-gh, A habitation, a dwelling. Any place where
A SA- jababirat, (pl. of A-jabbr) Tyrants. Giants.
A s-jab-at, The shoemaker's table or board on which he
A ---|-- jabjib, (pl. of *- jubjubat) Bits of minced
meat, partially dressed, dried, or larded with fat. Dirt-baskets.
Aj-jibr, (pl. of j-jibarat) Bracelets. Splints. Jubr,
A shedding of blood with impunity. The old name for Tuesday.
A y- jabbr, Great. Strong. Powerful. Omnipotent (a
 title of God). A conqueror, an absolute sovereign. A tyrant,
an oppressor. A giant. One whom anger urges on to murder.
A tall palm-tree. Large, fat (camel). High (horse). Orion.
P Jj-jabbr shudan, To overcome. (CASTELLUs.)
A j-jibarat (from jabara, He bound up) A bracelet.
Thin spars of wood bound round a broken bone.
A --jabbr, A tyrant, a giant. Tyranny, despotic sway.
A 8-jubbe, A short woman. An arrow without a head.
A J-jibil, (pl. of J-Jabal) Mountains. J 5 J
jibl wa till, Mountains and hills. &. J- Lofty mountains.
e- jaban, Pusillanimous, fearful, abject; a coward.
A
J-jahbn, A seller of cheese. A coward. Dastardly.
A
A &- jabbnat, A desert. Rough, rugged ground. A
burying-place. (fem. of c- jabbn) A cheesemonger.
A 3, 2- jibrcat (from 3-), Drawing (water into a cistern).
Collecting (tribute). Water collected for watering camels.
A s-jibah, (pl. of &-jabhat) Foreheads.
A s-jab-a', Firm, large-breasted (woman).
A &\-jabyat (from L-), Collecting (tribute, or water into
a reservoir). & Aljabiya, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
Aji- jaba-ir, (pl. of Syr-jabirat) Splints, bandages.
A -- jabab, White upon a horse's feet as far as the knees
or hough. Jubab, (pl. of 3-jubbat) Cotton waistcoats.
A r-Jibabat, (pl. of ~Jubb) Wells.
A -jibat (from -->), Being necessary. Behoving to do,
or suffer. Being ratified (a sale), made over (a purchase).
A 3-jubbat, A waistcoat with cotton quilted between the out
side and lining (without the cotton it is called &=99). The hol
low part of the head of a spear (into which they fix the staff). counterpane torn in pieces.
The wrist. The joint of the fore-foot (of a camel or horse).
A c--jibt, An idol. A false deity. A magician. A wicked tain. U-> J-jabal-i ss, Mount Atlas. Jj U-jabalu't
man. Magic. Jabat, Name of an idol.
P z- jab-tj (or z --jab-bj), A particular kind of z) J-jabalu'l kamr, (Mountain of the moon) A mountain in
dress (worn by the kings of Persia on new-year's day).
A g-jahj (from **), Waxing fat after having been lean.
A -\-jahjb, Much water.
A -juljubat, Tripe (stuffed with minced meat and fat).
A leathern basket used for carrying away earth or mud.
A J-jubjubiy, A tripe-seller.
Ar-juhjubiyat, A dish of tripe.
P &ei=z-juljurah (or &-juljurghah), A whip, a lash.
reele --jab ddan, To instigate, to incite.
A 83-Jabzat (from &-), Drawing (a bow).
* A 2-jabara, (fut, ryajburu) He bound up.
Az-jabr or jabar (from J-), Setting, uniting firmly (a
broken bone). Repairing the broken fortune (of a friend). Im
becility, weakness. The reduction of fractions to integers in
arithmetic : hence, aljabr (or * >> jabr o mukaba
lah), Algebra, Violence, force. Wexation. P Jr- jabr
kardan, To force, compel, to use violence. A Ja yr-jabr-i
nuksn, Making good a deficiency (as if two horses are to be
given to two persons, one to each; if they are not equally good,
the saddle and bridle are then given with the worst).
A re-jabir, A stockade, a redoubt. (CAstellus.)
A Tyr- jabran (p &y- jabranah), By force, oppressively,
P & L- jibr-ahang, Name of a certain thorn.
A J-Jabr-il (Jr-or Jeyra-), The angel Gabriel.
A r-jabrat, Holostium, a species of the plantain.
A c-r-jabrt (also $22-jabarwat), Becoming proud.
Pomp. Omnipotence. Dominion. Heaven. The unity of God.
<-2 r --> tlam-ijabrt, The highest or empyreal heaven.
Pjr-jabrz (or j, x-jabrar), A porcupine.
A s-jabri, Forced, compelled. Oppression, injury.
A--jahriyt, Algebraical problems.
Ac-jahariyn, (with Pers. pl.) Fatalists. (Sale, Prel.)
A*-jabriyat, Algebraical. Jabariyat, Name of a Mu
hammadan sect (who disallow the freedom of the human will),
A J-Jabril, The archangel Gabriel.
A c-Jabrin, Gabriel. Name of a town in the province of
Jj- taraz situated in that part of Arabia called Najd.
*A*-jabuza, (fut.j-ryajbuzu) (The bread) failed.
Aj--jib, Covetous. Cowardly. Mean. Study, exertion,
A U-jibs, Pusillanimous. Ignoble,sordid, vile. Stammering,
stuttering. Plaster, mortar.
P c-jabsin, Lime.
A U-jabsh (from Ut-), Shaving (hair).
r x-jabghut, Cotton or wool used for quilting. An old
A J-jabi (from J-), Creating, forming. Jabal. A m"
tarik, Gibraltar. *A J-jabal-i karim, Mount Olympus.
Africa. J-> J-jabal-i Musa, Mount Sinai. J-34
bildel jabal, Media (Persian Irk).
A Jae-jabul, jubul, jubull, jibl, or jibill, A crowd of people.
Jibl, Many, numerous, copious. Jabil, Thick, gross. Jabull,
Name of a village situated between Baghdd and Wasit.
P z-jihlaj, A man of rank, but serviceable to no one *
big, cowardly, base fellow.
A &-jablat or jublat, The bunch of a camel.
A -jiblat, Form, creation, nature, disposition, temp
ment, constitution (especially thick and coarse). Jiblat, jibillal,
or jubullat, Offspring. Creatures. Jabalat, A fashioning, a
shaping. A created object.
P <<!-- jablak, Roughness, hardness. The strengthening of
one thing by means of another. Jabalak, Orange-marmalade.
r & K-jablahak, A branch lopped off. The bark and seed
:
of the plant turpethum. (CASTellus.) &

--
p = <!--jablahang, Wild sesame.
A J-jibity,
Natural, original, innate, essential. JA,"
*A- anrz-ijibilliyat, Diseases inherent in the constitution.
se-jun and jubun (from cr-), Being cowardly. Cow
ardice. Jubn, jubun, and jubunn, Cheese.
Afr-jubu-a, (from **) Being dazzled (as the eye). Re
maining behind, far distant. Discovering timidity. Lying hid.
Averting. Crawling out (a serpent from his hole).
A -- jabub, Hard soil. The surface of the earth.
A *** jibwat or jubwat, Water collected in a stone reservoir
for watering camels.
A y-jubr (from re-), Being set, bound up (a broken bone).
A 93-jubbiirat, Pride. Power, omnipotence.
*A*-jabaha, (fut. & yajbahu) He struck on the forehead.
A 3-jabh (from *-), Arriving at a well and finding nothing
wherewith to draw. Coming on (winter). Jabah, The width
and beauty of the forehead.
P 4-jabah, A coat of mail, a cuirass. Any kind of iron ar
mour. Inspissated juice, rob, marmalade. A tent-rope. 3
* : *-s- jaba-i khrshed o mah, Day and night. 3
Jj jaba-i daricesh, A cloud. Night. J-y *-jaba-i
hazar mkhi, The starry sky. A starlight night.
A t jabh (fem. of &- ajbah), Having a large forehead.
P L: &-jabah-posh, Covered with armour. A cuirassier.
J-eye dilawarn-ijabah-pshn, Brave cuirassiers.
A&-jabhat, The forehead, front. A troop of horse. A
body of men. A prince, lord, chief, head of a family. Con
tempt, indignant treatment. ) &- The lion's front, i.e. four
stars forming the tenth mansion of the moon in astrology.
*** *-jabah-khnah, An armoury, an arsenal.
AJi-jibahl, A rude, stupid, brutal, uncivil man.
P &t-jabhah, The forehead. J- 4t-jabhah-sa-7, Ear
nest entreaty. (lit. The rubbing of one's forehead on the ground).
A **-jubaysikat, A deformed woman.
A y-jibbir, Very proud.
A r- jabirat, A bandage for broken bones. A bracelet.
Prt-jabirah, An assembly of men (convened for some ini
portant purpose). A huge lion. A bandage, a splint.
Ajr-jabiz, Dry bread, unleavened bread. A little bread.
A J-jabish, Rasa pubes.
A J-Jubayl, Name of a city in Syria.
A cr-jabin, The temple. The forehead. Pusillanimous.
Pe c-jubin-s shudan, To rub the forehead upon the
ground, to make a profound reverence. A Jubin, Whey.
g A J-jubinini, (dual) The two sides of the forehead.
A*-jubayh, (dim. of \-jabh) A little woman with a
large forehead.
a *- jabihat, A look of disappointment or vexation (of
*
one who, on coming to a well, finds he has not the means of ceiving, becoming pregnant (a woman).
* drawing the water, or else that it is unfit to drink).
495 &= -
r -jat, Name of a despised race in Hindstn.
A --> jatt (for U-jass), Feeling, handling sheep to ascer
tain whether they be fat or the contrary.
Pe-jatbnitan, (in ancient Persian) To sit down.
p y-jutrah, Stained, polluted.
A J*-jataedal, Strong, robust.
A --jass (from Gi-jassa), Cutting, amputating. Root
ing out of the ground. Wax, and such parts of the bodies of
bees as are found amongst honey. Juss, High ground.
A *-jis-a (from *-), Falling flat upon (any thing). Hav
ing a high protuberant back.
A s-jis-a, (111 of J-) Sitting with the knees joined.
A ---|-- jasajis and justjis, Entangled (as hair, or plants).
Jusjis, Bulky (camel).
A. J-jusal, A grave, a tomb.
A l-jasalat, Thick hair. Jusalat, Scattered leaves.
A -jusan, The night-mare.
A &-jassmat, A sleeper, who indulges in bed, and sets not
out with his fellow-travellers.
A &-jussat, (plural -- jusas), The figure of the human
body (standing, sitting, or reclining). A dead carcase.
A <!-jajs, A bitter plant found on the banks of the Nile.
A &= - Jasjasat, Name of a village 16 miles from Madna.
A_*-jasir, (A place) covered with stones, sand, and saltwater.
A *-jast (from at-), Voiding liquid excrement.
A J-jasl, Many. Jisl, Thick locks of hair.
A 3-3-jaslat, Hair hanging over the forehead. A tree full
of foliage. A black ant.
A J-jusmn, The body. Any thing resembling the hu
man figure when erect (as a vapour, a spectre, and the like).
A &-jusamat, One who oversleeps himself. Sedentary.
A 3-jusu-a (from *~) Falling flat on. Being hump-backed.
A :-justizo (from 3-), Kneeling.
A S-jaswat, jiswat and justoat, A heap of stones.
A &;-justilat, Thickness, bushiness of the hair.
A. - justim, Origin. Inhesion. (from *-), Reclining On
the breast (a bird; also a shepherd or a traveller). Remaining
in a place). Sticking in, inhering. Dying, perishing.
P -'- &:-jussah-dr, Bulkiness, corpulency.
A -jusly (from 5-), Kneeling, sitting on the hams. Jus;y
and jiszy, (pl. of J-js) Those who kneel.
A L*-jusa' (or jisa') l harami, Stones heaped together
at a sacred festival at Mecca.
A G--jasis, A young palm-tree.
P * jaj, A guard, a keeper. (CASTELLus).
A * jajj (from * jaija), Expanding. Drawing. Con
r & srjajah, A grandmother, a grandam. (Castellus).
 &=>
A ar z jahjah, Words which they use in calling to sheep.
Jahh, A small shrivelled melon. Eating such. A colocynth.
* A \s jah (for 3 sr), (fut, s yajhi.) He eradicated.
A s Juh, Name of a man.
a cus+iahjih, (sus-jahjiha or-s jahji),
(pl. of z jahjah) Chiefs of the people.
A $.3's r Juhdat, Name of a place.
&J's r juhriyat, A strong camel.
A
J-Usihs (from U-s), Fighting hand to hand. Scratch As L,
A
ing, clawing. Killing. Entering. (111 of U-s), Thronging, , s jihrit, A decrepit old woman.
pressing (as a crowd). Removing, or endeavouring to remove
from. Fainting (from excessive heat in fighting). Conflict.
A Lts" jihsh, (111 of U, s) Pushing, dashing. Disputing,
skirmishing. Restraining. A crowd. Compression. Name of the
founder of a tribe. (pl. of U, s jahsh), Asses colts,
A 2:\s juhshir, Short-ribbed (horse). Stout, firm-jointed.
A Jls juhshil, Swift, nimble, quick.
A 9 s jihs, The socket of the eye. Ora glandis.
A &ts=rjahsat, The blackness of the eye.
A cis-rjihf, (111 of e-isr) Thronging. Battle. When
a (leathern) bucket, striking against the side of a well, is either
torn, or spills the water. Juh, Death. An universal mortality
sweeping off numbers. A great deluge. The flux or diarrhoea.
A J3\sr jahfil, (pl. of J&s jahal) Troops, crowds.
A JVs jihl, (pl. of Js jahl) Large water-bottles. In
sects resembling locusts. Juhal, Poison, venom.
A ls jiham, (III of ***) Abstaining from. Juham, A
distemper causing a swelling in the eyes. Jahham, Avaricious.
A 2-s jahmir, (pl. of Ps jahmar) Decrepitold women.
A J.3\s jahnib, jahanab, juhanib, Dwarfish.
A z jahjah, A prince, a chief amongst the people.
A. -s jahjabat (from C-s oy, Destroying, extermi
nating (an enemy). Trembling, waving from side to side.
A _s= juhjuh, A large ram.
\
A f jahjahat (from g Q), Curiously prying into,
using every effort to get the knowledge of Making haste, out
stripping. Retiring from (a rival). Hindering, warding off.
* A \s jahada, (fut. s 3yajhadu) He denied.
A x=> jahd or juhd (from As), Denying, disowning. Re
fusing. Doing little good to others. Growing but little (a
plant). A scanty measure of good. JA-") Js jahdu'l
mustaghrak, An absolute negative. Jahad, Little good. Jahid,
Poor. Scanty in acts of charity. A barren season from drought.
A csr jahdab, A dwarf. (An epithet of) the lion.
AA=a jahdar, Short. A dwarf. Name of a man.
A 89&s jahdarat, (from J&s Q) Throwing down; rolling.
A J&s jahdal, Fat, compact of body. Strong, powerful.
496 - -->
A & Asr jahdalat (from J&sr Q), Throwing prostrate,
A & As jahdamat, Swiftness in running.
Aysr.jahr (from ,-r), Being sunk deep in the socket (the
eye). Remaining behind. Juhr, The den or hole of an animal.
A e), s juhrn, The den of a beast. The place of anything.
A -->, sjahrab orjuhrab, Short, thick-bodied. Large-bodied
(horse). J, s juhrabni, Two veins about a horse's ears.
A 5, s jahrat, A season severe and barren. Jiharat, (pl. of
juhr) The dens or holes of beasts or reptiles.
s jahrash, Thick, compact of body.
A
A
A ,<rfahram, A man of bad disposition.
A & sr jahramat, Poverty, difficulty. Badness of temper,
A}}s jahsat, A decrepit old woman.
*A U-s jahasa, (fut. U-s vajhasu) He grappled with.
A U-s jahs (from U-s), Fighting hand to hand. Ex
changing blows. Scratching, wounding with the nails. Killing.
Entering. U->e U-s jahs wa dahs, Fraud, stratagem.
#A U sr jahasha, (fut. U-s yajhashu) He scratched.
A U-s jahsh (from U sr), Grazing the skin without mak
ing a wound. The colt of a horse or ass. Thick, coarse. A doe.
A & s jahshat, An ass's colt (a filly). Wool (which a
shepherd winds on his fingers to be employed in weaving).
A_-s jahshar or juhshar, Short-ribbed (horse).
A J-s jahshal or juhshul, Swift, nimble, quick.
A. --s jahsham, A camel whose sides bulge out.
A class jalsam, Large-eyed.
A&Jasjahsamat (from clas- q), Tying, binding (any one).
#A -s jahaa, (fut, -s yajhafu) He peeled.
A -s jahf (from -s"), Peeling, barking. Kicking
(any thing) away. Sipping out of the hand or from a SP
Collecting. Making haste. Carrying out of doors. Damaging.
A & s jahat, A spoonful of butter. A little water left in
the sides of a cistern. Juhat, The gripes. The game of bandy.
Water remaining in the sides of the trough. A little pottage
caudle in a bason. A handful of victuals. A patch of ground
fit for grazing. Name of a place between Madina and Mecca.
A Jis jahal, An army. (A man) of great dignity.
A & Visr jahalat (from Csr o), Throwing on the ground.
The lip of a solid-hoofed animal (as a horse or an ass).
A Je jahl (from J&T), Throwing one upon the ground.
A large water-bottle. The queen-bee. A chameleon. A beetle
or may-bug. The fetus of a Lybian lizard. An insect rese"
bling a locust. A prince, a chief. Jahal, A man's name.
A - s* jahlab, A species of pigeon.
**** fahlamat (from As q), Throwing on the ground.
A
# A *** jahama, (fut. *** wahamu) He lighted the fire.
Ars jahm (from ***), Kindling (a fire). Staring.
 \;== 497 C-

A\s jahm, (fem, of ***Wajham) Large and red-eyed. A \le\**jukhdb (or jukhadiba'), The same.
A&sr.jahmat, (in the Himyarit dialect) The eye. AJels jukhadir, Large-bodied.
| Ajs jahmar (or U-s jahmash), A decrepitold woman. A ses";ukhdy, A milking-pail. Large-bodied (camel).
--
A&Ras jahmazat, An infant's swaddling-bands. A bow A 3& jakhkh, Proud, arrogant.
having the string rolled round it. (A slave) having his hands A s jakhb, Extenuated, lean and hollow.
tied to his knees (that he may be flogged). Running with full P s jakht, Hope, desire.
speed. The pace of a dwarf. P *jakly (or U-s jakhs) A sort of bird which suspends

A Lys juhmash, An old woman.
Acs jahan (from cs), Being fed with unwholesome
food (a child). Jahin, (An infant) badly nourished. A lad of
slow growth. The tike.
itself to the branches of trees, and is said to eat its own ordure.
A wen upon the neck unattended by pain.
A ***** jakhjakhat (from g q), Lying at one's ease.

A -- s jahnab or jahannab, A dwarf. Powerful. Rank.
Ajs jihimbr, (juhumbr, or 3A.sjihimbrat) A big (one's counsel). Entering into the greater part of any thing.
bellied corpulent man. A swag-bellied dwarf. An herb.
A 5s jahambarat, A female dwarf.
A U-s jahnash, Thick.
A 3-s jahnashat (from U s q), Being big-bellied (a
child).
A}s jahw (from 3sr), Eradicating, extirpating. Stopping
still. Walking. Going out.
Ae);s Jahwan, Name of a man.
A sr jahwat, (equiv. to 8; ac- khatwat) One pace or step.
A exs juhd (from As.) Denying, disowning, disavowing.
Withholding, refusing to coner a favour.
A U s jahwash, A boy, not of age.
A s- juhit: (from a sr) Being prominent (the circle round
the pupil of the eye). Displeasing (situation, employment).
A -39s jahif, A bucket, drawing or carrying water. Broken
bread left upon a plate.
Puss juhi, A merry-andrew. Name of a buffoon.
A w-s jahish, A part. A side. A man who keeps alone.
Long. Juhaysh, (dim. of U.s jahsh) A little ass. U s
***, juhayshu wahdihi, A man wedded to his own opinion.
A *** jahim, A large hot fire. Hell. Damned.
Ajs juhaymir, (dim, of, s jahmar) A little old woman.
**jakh, Quarrelsome, contentious. Discord, strife, Jikh,
Dissension, contention, discord. Brave, gallant, warlike.
A t jakhkh, (from r jakhkha) Scattering. Kicking (dirt)
Throwing prostrate. Speaking aloud (a crier). Keeping close
P U-s jakhjas (or es jakhjan), A sort of small black
seed used as a salve for sore eyes.
A Q-2-As jukhdub, A large camel. A green locust. A lion.
AJ A** jakhdar (or 59&s jakhdary), Large-bodied.
A JAk jakhdal and jukhdul, Fat, compact (youth).
A & As jakhdalat (from J&sr o), Throwing on the ground.
A cs jakhdamat, Quickness in walking.
AAA jakhr or jakhar, (from A*), Being deep (a well).
Becoming stale (meat); stinking (about the perinaeum). Jakhir,
A glutton, one soon hungry. A coward. Feeble, lank about the
thighs. Weak-brained, addle-pated.
A9, s jakhrat, jikhrit, or jukhrut, A decrepit old woman.
P J-s jakhshidan (or c-s jakhs?dan), To be
wrinkled, shrivelled, twisted, curled, complicated. To labour
hard, employ every endeavour. To distinguish by a mark. To
be startled, frightened suddenly (a colt).
A lasr jikhit, A word used in calling to sheep.
*A -k-jakhaa, (fut. -s yajkhifu) He was proud.
A s jakhf (from -is), Being proud. Boasting, lay
ing claim to merit when undeserved.
PV s jakhm, A pouch for carrying a fire-steel and tinder.
A s jakhic (from r), Turning bottom upwards (a jar).
A looseness of the skin, a leanness about the thighs.
A. S-jukhus, An enemy.
A. $3,4- jukhuzat (Go L.), jakhwazat (RAM.), A race.

about. Humbling (a concubine). Raising (the belly), stretching A -i-k jakhaf (from -3.s), Boasting falsely, making un
forth (the arms). Lying on the side at full length. Fixing, es just pretensions. The snoring of any one asleep.
tablishing one's self. Being loose, languid. Moving from place - p & jail, A four-year old camel. A curling lock of hair.
to place. Gross, foolish, worthless (man). Noisome, unhealthy. Envy. A grandfather. ~%9 x-jad-i buzurg, An ancestor.
A** jakhabat, jikhbat, or jakhkhbat, A fool. Gross. #A 3-jadda, (fut. Jyajiddu or yajuddu), He strove.
Stammering, gluttonous; one in whom every thing bad iscentred. A Q-jadd (from *-jadda), Lopping (a palm-tree), gather
**** jakhj, A kind of wallet, or purse. ing its fruit. Shaving away the prickles from off the edge of the
***\s jakhjakh, The clashing of swords. branches. Stripping a stalk of its dates. Cutting off as much
A -lok jakhdib, (pl. of Cs jukhdub) Lions. Jukha cloth as will suffice to make a robe ten cubits long (a weaver).
dib (or cr abjukhdib), Large-bodied (camel, locust, Being hurt by the string (a camel's teat). Being happy, fortu
or beetle). A long-legged green locust. A bulky camel. nate. Being great in dignity and wealth.
3 S
 \e- 498 Jex

A *-jadd, A grandfather, an ancestor, a forefather. A father.
Dignity, glory (of God). Happiness, prosperity. Riches. A
pace, a step. The bank of a river. Happy, fortunate. A
** jadd-i sahih, A paternal grandfather. A-3 A- jadd-i
Jasid, A maternal grandfather. Jidd (from A*-jadda), Speak
ing truth. Endeavour, study, effort, labour, industry. Appli
cation, diligence, pains. J33, A-jidd-i matcfar, A great ef.
fort. * , *-jidd wa kadd, Expostulation, endeavour. P : *-
J A-jiddo jahd kardan, To labour, strive, endeavour.
A 3-judd, A well in a place plenteous in forage. One having
much, also little, water. Much water. An ancient well.
* A \-jad (for 23-), (fut. ,< yajd) He asked a gift.
A |A-jad (and x-jada'), Common good, free to all. Uni
versal, general, widely-diffused (rain). Emolument, advantage.
p l-jud, Separate, distinct, divided. Apart. "A- "A-
jud juda, One by one. J le- juda shudan, To be sepa
rated. J l-juda kardan, To part, divide, disunite, dissolve.
A. l- jadda, (fem. of A-) ajadd) Small-breasted (woman).
(A desert) without water. (A sheep) without milk.
A "A- jiddan, Plainly, clearly. In no shape. In earnest,
seriously, attentively, eagerly, exceedingly, strongly.
A *A*- jida-a, (pl. of s-jady), Kids.
A&A-jadyat orjidyat, A doe, a roe, a gazel.
A. *- jada-id, (pl. of 9,2-jadd) Sheep giving little milk.
P J-jud-i, Separation, disunion.
P A-jadb, The pith of the palm-tree.
A Q-2-jadb (from v-A-), Charging one with a fault, Jad
orjidabb, Sterility. A severe season. Barren (place). A defect.
A **- jadba, (fem. of --- ajdub) Disastrous. Desolate.
A &e=jadhat, A kind of fish, a herring, a mackarel. (fem.
of c--Jadb) Barren (place).
P & X-jad bajad, From father to son, in a direct line.
A 3.x-jidat (from 3-2), Discovering, procuring, finding, re
covering (any thing lost or sought for). Being rich, having
enough. Being enraged, taking occasion to quarrel with, or
chide (another). Money, wealth, opulence.
A s-jaddat, A grandmother. <\s 32-jadda-i sahihah,
A paternal grandmother. **- $- .jadda-i fasidah, A ma
ternal grandmother.
A s-jiddat (from *-jadda) Being new. Juddat, A streak
on the back of an ass. A way, a track, a path (especially through
mountains, of a different colour from the rest). A mode, me.
thod, system. The surface of the ground. A plain wanting
water. Name of a town situated on the Red Sea, the port of

A "A-jidab, (111 of x-) Experiencing (a season) desti

tute of provision (a camel).
A 3-A-jadajid, (pl. of A-e-judjud) Crickets. Wells.
A cle-jadd and jidad, Loppings of palm-trees. Jidad, (pl.
of 2,3-fudad), Fat asses. Jidad, (111 of A-jadda) Disputing
a point of right. Co-operating diligently with another. Juddad
(from P ex gudd), Worn garments. Intangled branches.
Ravelled threads. Dwarf trees, particularly palms.
A}\-jidar, A wall.
A 3)2-jadarat (from J-), Being worthy, proper, suit
able, befitting. Growing (herbage).
P c-judrak (or -), Name of a certain game.
Mecca; also of a maritime tract of country where the Arabians
suppose Eve to have fallen when banished from Paradise; Adam,
according to their belief,being thrown upon the island of Ceylon.
Pe-jadlin, Painted, embroidered, (purse, or wallet).
A x-jadas, A tomb.
A. & j-jadsat, The sound (of a horse's hoof, or camel's foot);
also the sound made in masticating meat.
A 3-A-jadjad, A hard and level road. Judjud, An insect
which resembles a locust, or (according to some) a beetle, and
utters a shrill noise during the night; a cricket. An owl. A
well yielding plenty of water.
A s--jadjadat, A solid, hard, level road.
A c-jadh (from c-), Stirring up a draught, or ptisan.

A *A*-jadt; A severe year (for cattle and the like). Ji A ex-jadad, Hard, even ground. Judad, (pl. of3.x-juddu)
dat, (111 of 8-) Contention, dispute. Enmity, animosity. Ways, tracks, paths. JX- ,-\; siyb-ijudad, Cloths (which
Judi, Pastures, where the herbage is burnt up. the weaver cuts from the loom). Name of a place. Judud,
P &\;\x-judiginah, Separately, apart.
(pl. of MA-jadid) New. Pieces of cloth fresh cut from the loom.
A J-jadl, Unripe green dates. A dispute. Jidal, (111 of AJA*-jadr, A wall. The bottom or foundation of a wall, also
Ox~) Debating, wrangling. A warm altercation, a violent con the side. A root, principle, origin, stock. The square ro" (in
test, a battle, a conflict. P J-> <!--jango jidal, A fierce arithmetic). Name of a herb (growing in the sand). Jadar, A
combat, a great slaughter. J J- jidal kardan, To fight. scar (remaining on the neck of a camel or ass from the bite of ano
ther animal). Name of a village near Damascus (famous for
A & "A-jadalat, Earth. Fine sandy soil.
P *A*- judam, The elephantiasis. Leprosy. A leper. its wine). Jadir, Worthy, suitable. (pl. of 392-jadara) Tu
P ci_3'-judanak, A kind of game. A beetle. bercles, wens. Judur, (pl. of A-jadr and Ax~jidar) Walls.
A JAA-jadawil, (pl. of J-jadwal) Brooks. Columns. P_*-jadar, A four year-old camel. A messenger, envoy.
P -- jadawi, Servants' wages, salary, stipend, daily pay. A VA-jadr, Scabby (sheep). Judara, (pl. of 23-judi)
A \,\x-jady, (pl. of **-jadiyat) The stuffing (of camels' Places enclosed by walls. Worthy, suitable. Pock-marked.
P y-judrk, A kind of game.
saddles). Clots of blood adhering to the body. Tracts of country.
 _2 >
A eye-judrn, (pl. of j-jadr) Walls.
A 5,2-jadarat, A scar, a cicatrice. An unnatural excres
cence on the body, a wen. Name of an Arabian tribe.
Ay j-jadar shamar, Fennel.
A, SA-jadar kabar, Capers.
A --> j-jadar halyab, Asparagus.
A 5,2-jadary or judariy, The small-pox or pits.
*A U-A-Jadasha, (fut. U yajdishu) He walked round.
A U-2-jadash, Coarse, rough, rugged ground.
sk A {*-jadata, (fut. {< gajdaku) He mutilated.
A 3-jade (from t-), Mutilating in, or depriving of (an
Loading with
Imprisoning.
ear, a hand, the nose, or the lip).
irons. Drawing. Keeping back. Jadat (from {*-), Taking
unwholesome aliment (an infant). Jadi, (A child) poorly fed.
A **-jade, (fem. off- ajdae) Mutilated in the hand, &c.
A*-*-jadatat, That which remains of an amputated nose,
ear, lip, or hand; the stump.
A --Jadf (from -3.3-), Amputating. Jada. A sepul
chre. Wine not covered up, carelessly spilt or flowing about.
A kind of herb found in Arabia Felix, which has the property of
quenching the thirst, when masticated. A kind of wine.
P **** jadgrah, Different roads. Contrary opinions.
A J-jadl (from JA-) Making strong. Twisting (a rope)
tight. Melting (butter or fat). Growing, increasing in strength
(as a youth, or grain in the ear). Making a pretence. Jadl or
jidl, The limb or member of an animal. Jadal (from J-),
Growing, increasing in strength. Making a pretence. Strength. Proper, fit. Worthy, suitable. Gadira, a town in Spain.
Grain in the ear when grown firm. Altercation, contention.
Battle. "J J-judal kardan, To dispute. To fight.
Al-jadl, A coat of mail, of a very strong texture.
s
A J-jadaly, A disputant, a controvertist, a polemic.
**
A c-jadm (from ^*-), Amputating, severing.
A ***-jadamat, Short-statured (man). Sheep of a bad kind.
A J-jadmal, Name of a plant (stapelia dentata).
A J-jidn, A root, origin. Jadan, Sweetness or elegance
of voice. Name of a dreary waste in Yaman (Arabia Felix).
A 29-Jadw (from 23-), Asking for. Profiting, being useful.
AA-jadicar, Zedoary. Zeduward, a root like ginger.
A -- jadub, Barren, sterile, scarce, scant.
A 954-jadud, A ewe giving little milk (but not from disease).
Naine of a place. Judud, (pl. of A-jadd) Grandfathers.
Aj judur (from J-), Being proper, fit, worthy. Shoot
ing forth, growing (grass). (pl. of J-jadr). Origins, roots.
A 5,4-judi (from -33-), Flying with the wings clipped,
as if turned back (a bird). Flying fast. Walking fast (a man).
Throwing (snow) in the air. Striking with both fists (a man).
AP J-jadical, A river, a rivulet. The smaller veins. A
line, rule, form. An astronomical table. An ephemeris or al Trunks of trees (divested of their branches).
manac, Marginal lines on the page of a book drawn with gold
499 \-
or silver. A narrow path (in miry places). The losing of one's
way. An arena, a ring for prize-fighters.
J-judal (from J-) Growing, increasing in bulk (grain
A
in the ear). (pl. of J-jadl or jidl), The limbs of animals.
l
P , x-jadamand, (equiv. to Jc A common (BURHAN).
mafrik)good. A gift,
A x-jadica, A general rain.
a present. **-s- akhi, jadwa', Liberal, generous.
A s-jady, A kid. The sign Capricorn. The polar star.
(pl. of &A-jadyat), The stuffings (of saddles). (from s-A-),
Seeking a benefit. Jada, A general rain. A common good.
A s-jaddy, Ancestral. Jidday, Fortunate, happy.
A *A*-jadayt, (pl. of &*-jadyat) Stuffings of saddles.
A JA-jidyn, (pl. of sa-jady) Kids.
A Q-2-fadib, Severe (year). Desolate and barren (country).
--> -**-jadzbu'l janab, Every way distressed.
A &A-jadyat or jadyat, A cushion, or any thing similar
stuffed with wool. Felt-cloth pannels or dorsers for laying under
saddles or beneath loads, on camels or horses. Blood flowing. A
tract of country. A particle of musk. The colour of the face.
A **-jadid, New, modern, fresh. New cloth recently cut
from the loom. Happy, fortunate. $3. &A- JK, li kulli jadidin
lazzatun, Every novelty affords delight.
A ze- jaddani, (dual) Night and day.
A S-jadidat, The flap (of a saddle) swelling with much
stuffing (and pressing the sides of the horse).
A 29-Jadir, A place surrounded with walls. Pock-marked.
A $29- jadrat, A sheep-cote built of stones. Nature.
A U-43-Jadis, Name of an Arabian tribe (at present extinct).
P - $3-jadik, Women's buskins.
A J-jadil, A bridle of twisted thongs or hair. A lady's
girdle (of leather, frequently adorned with jewels). Menses.
A *A*- jadilat, A mode, a manner. A tract of country.
Name of an Arabian family sprung from the tribe of Tayy.
#A &-jazz (from &-jazza), Cutting. Breaking off.
A '3- jiza, (pl. of s- jazi), Standers on tip-toe.
A 3-jazz, A womb, barren, or only partially fruitful.
A. -3- jizab, (III of -3-) Drawing contrary ways. Con
tending with another. (pl. of ~3'-jsib), Drawers. Snatchers.
(Camels) which yield no milk.
A 3'3- jizz or juzz, A fragment, a particle. A stone con
taining gold-ore.
A <-3&-justisfit, (pl. of 33'3- juzzat) Particles of gold.
A $33-juzasat, (Gold) filings.
A *A*-jisie, (pl. of 83- jazat) Youths. Five year-old
camels. Three year-old horses or oxen. Two year-old sheep.
A J)3-jizl, (pl. of J- jizl) The roots of very large trees.
A c-juslim, The leprosy. A leper. Name of a tribe.
3 S 2
 **- 500 \,-
A 3.13-Jazmat, Stubble (remaining after harvest). A j- juzmr (or J-jazmir), The stump left on the
P &\- 63-jusn-khnah, A lazaretto, a pest-house. trunk of a palm-tree after lopping off a branch.
A 2-3-juzmir, One who breaks his agreement. A 3.3-jizmat, A scourge, a whip. A piece broken off any
A rel-jazmr, (pl. of A-3-jazmr or of 2-3-jazmur), thing. Jazamat, The medullary substance of the palm-tree.
Stumps remaining on a tree divested of its branches. A 2-3- juzmur, The stump left on the trunk of a palm-tree
*A -3-jazaba, (fut. --&yajzubu or yajibu) He reviled. after lopping off a branch. The root, origin, principal of any
A --&-jazb (from -3-), Stretching. Drawing (as a plas thing. 3)**** 33-) akhazahu bijuzmurihi, He took it entirely.
ter). Snatching. Weaning (a colt). Giving little milk (a camel). A J-3- jazma' (pl. of 3-) ajzam), Those whose hands have
Drawing to a close (a month). Allurement, attraction. Dryness
been cut off. Jazamiy, Belonging to the tribe &3-jasimal.
in the mouth. Swift (pace). re <-3-ja:b kardan, To A e- jizn, (equivalent to J3- jizl) A root, or origin.
draw, attract. * --jast-igiyah, Attraction of straws.
A 23-jazw and juzw (from 23-), Standing, or rising on
A --&-jazab, The medullary substance which grows on the tip-toe. Standing up to, proceeding steadily in (any work).
summit of the palm-tree. A.23- jazb, Attracting, alluring. Dry (camel); a drape.
A 93-jazabt, (pl. of ~3-jazb) Attractions, allurements.
A 3-Jazbat, Disjunction, separation. One silken thread.
A $23-Jazwat, jizycat or juzwat, Fire. A burning coal or
billet. A thick piece of fire-wood.
Part of a long journey, distance. Passion, rage. Strong desire.
AJ33-juxur, (pl. of y&- jazr) Roots, origins.
A 33-juzzat, A strip of cloth, a clout, a rag.
A 8:3-justie, (pl. of 3-jiza) Trunks, stems (ofpalm-trees).
rj- jazr, The multiplication of a number by itself. Jazar,
An ambassador. A camel four years old. (pl. of 83- jazat), Young (men or animals).
Aj-jazr (from j-) Cutting up by the roots. Jazr orjizr, A J,3-juzl, (pl. of J3-ji=l) Roots of large trees.
Root, origin. The square root. The nape of the neck. J A six-jaza', jiza or juza', (pl. of 8,3- jazzat, jizwat or
*"Jasr-i asamm, An odd number; as one, three, five, &c. juzwat), Glowing billets.
:k A -ja-dea, (fut. t: gajzazu) He kept (a horse) with A $3.3-Jazizat, Bruised wheat, pollard.
out food. He overcame the journey. He passed rapidly by. A J-juzayl, (dim. of J3-ji=l) A little scrubbing post.
A. 3-ize, The trunk (of a palm or other tree). Jaxat, A A **-jazim, Cut off, mutilated.
young man. A raw recruit. The young of cattle (as a bullock A & 3- Jaximat, Name of an Arabian tribe.
three years old, a horse, two; a camel, five, and a sheep of two).
r_-jar, Any crack, cleft, rent, or fissure; but particularly in
Novelty, any thing new (in the course of business). A heifer.
the ground. Jir, The organ of generation. Jur, A saddle.
&f ummul jazat, Time. Misfortune. *AJ-jarra, (fut. ,< yajurru) He drew, he dragged.
A.ele-justn, (pl. of 83-Jasae) Young (men or animals). A 2-jarr (from 2-jarra), Drawing, dragging, haling, hur
A &=&-jazatat, A yearling kid.
rying away, pulling about. Going over her time (a woman, a
A & e- jazzamat, Little, a little one. mare, or a camel). Turning male camels loose amongst the fe
A 33-jazf (from 53-), Cutting. Rowing (a boat). males. Remaining with the male several days, yet not con
P SASA- juzkrah, Discordant counsels. Opposite treatment.
ceiving (a camel). Slitting (the tongue of) a camel's colt, (that
A J&-jazl, The highest part of a mountain. Jizl, The root he might not suck). Piercing (with a spear). Leaving a spear
of a great tree; the trunk after the branches are lopped off. (in the body). Being perfidious, acting treacherously. Ac
The origin or root of any thing. The scrubbing-post, put up cusing falsely of a crime. Drawing upon one's self guilt. Mark
near wells where camels water. J J3-ji=l-i mal, Manag ing the last letter of a word with the vowel kasrah (,). Fixing
ing properly one's own property. Jazal (from J3-), Rejoicing. a curb called 22-jarir. The base, or foot of a mountain. Little
.Jazil, (poetically J3'-jzil and J3-jazln) Glad, cheerful. shells, beads, or mock pearls. A lizard or fox's hole. The vowel
A &J3-jazilat, (A vine) luxuriant in branches.
kasrah (-) at the end of words, (pl. of 5,7- jarrat), Water-pots.
:k A *A*- jazama, (fut. **: Jajzimu or yajzumu) He cut off.
py- jara, A stipend, an alimentary allowance. A beggar.
A.*3- jazm (from *3-), Amputating, lopping, mutilating. Jir, A light, a candle, a torch.
Jazam (from *3-), Having the hand cut off. Suffering from A !-jurr, A kind of hawk.
the leprosy or elephantiasis. Jizm or jazm, The root, trunk, or A *y- jara-a, The bloom of youth (in the female sex). A boy.
branch of a tree. ***3.39 diinatu'ljizm, (A cow) having The heart-burn, intense heat (in the breast). Jir-a, (iii of
teeth worn out and almost hid. 45-) Running, or going (along with another). Consenting,
A\c-jazm, (fem, of *3- asam) (A woman) having the agreeing. Restoring. (pl. ofjr jarw, jirw or jurw), Whelps.
hand cutoff. Amputated hand. (for 2&), Leprous (woman). A. --,- jirb, A kid-leather bag, in which travellers or shep
 \,-
herds carry provisions. The scrotum. The skin of a camels A &#y- jurakat, Lean. -- &\,- &= Lo m &alayhi jur
udder. That space in a well between the brink and the water. katu lahmin, He has almost no flesh upon his bones.
P -j- jurb, Water. A <!-- (cro min).jarka, On thy account.
P &\,-jarbah, A sock. A *!-jarm and jirm, The gathering of dates. Dates (es
A $7,2-jara-t (from 3-), Being bold, courageous. pecially dry ones). Jiram, (pl. of-A-jarim) Gathered dates.
A 55-jur-at, Boldness, bravery, valour. Rashness. Date-stones. Jurram, (pl. of j- jarim) Gatherers of dates.
A --,-jarjib (or 2-y-jarjir), Large, fat (camels). A &\,-juramat, Dates which fall when being gathered.
A*-y- Jarjimat, Name of a people in Mesopotamia. A Ji-y-jurmia, Injurious to the health, unwholesome.
A&-,-jarjiyat, A species of the eagle. A &\,-jarmikat, A kind of thorn. Name of a tribe.
A cy- jirah,
(pl. of -,-jirhat) Wounds. Ajs),-jarmz, (pl. of j-jurmuz) The feet of a beast.
A c-jarrh, A surgeon.
Human bodies. *A*: s&l akhazahu bijarmzihi, He took all.
A JP- jarn, Passionate. Jirn, The fore or curved part of
A 3-,-jirhat, A wound. The pus of a sore.
A J-y- jarrhy, Surgical, chirurgical. the neck of a camel or horse. ex" ey- Name of a certain poet.

A SA- jard, A locust. Men. J-9) ey- jaradu'l bahr,
(The sea-locust), a shrimp.
A sey- jardat, One locust. Any thing chipped, scraped or
planed off from another. A chip. Juradat, A slice of a gourd.
A Jey- Jaradatni, Name of two musicians.
A J- jardik, (pl. of & 39- jardakat) Cheesecakes.
py), -jarnghr, The right hand side, the second line of
the right wing of an army.
A c- jurahim, A large-bodied robust camel.
A &A), r jarhiyat, A high-toned voice. Noise, clamour.
A. &\,-jaryat, A course. Bloom, female beauty. Jiryat,
A fixed stipend, a current salary. Youthfulness.

Ay-jirr, (pl.of 5-jarrat) Water-pots. (111 of 2-jarra),

A s-jar-id, (pl. of s-jaridat) Books, volumes.
AAA- jara-ir, (pl. of 32,-jarrat) Faults, crimes, sins.
Vexing, annoying. Delaying, putting off (any one). AJ- jura-iz, Fat, capacious (person).
Ay-jarrr, Drawing any thing to, with, or after one. (An A&#y-jur-izat, Fat (sheep).
army) numerous, and loaded with incumbrances. A brave sol
<<!- (cr min) jarr-ika, On your account, for your sake.
A
dier. A seller of water-pots or buckets. A beggar. J);-- A-e A ,+jar-in, (pl. of -jarmat) Crimes. &\- *A-
taskar-i jarrar, A numerousand warlike army. r_j\{*}xe 2)A-
jara-im-i sabikah, Past offences. J wali'l jar-im, A
jarrr-i tadaw-shikr, Victorious soldiers. Aj. 3 4-3 JP
jarrr-i kuchah obzr, A beggar in the streets and markets. magistrate, a police-officer.
A 5,2- jarrarat, A numerous, encumbered army. A scorpion P ,- jarb, A conqueror, a superior. Fat, oily, greasy.
of a small species with a heavy tail, which he drags after him. A species of water. J-1 c- jarb-i khir, The filth of the
P *y-jarrrah, A large species of deadly scorpion found in stable, i. e. A revelling in plenty. ***, <-- jarb o khushk,
Alwz. A ringlet of hair. Fat and dry. Good and bad. More or less. J -j-.jarb
A y- jarrb, (pl. of -j-jirb) Leathern bags (in kardan, To anoint. Jirb, An acre of land; hence A-jj
which travellers carry their provisions). Those spaces or areas hazarjirb, Thousand-acres, i. e. the royal gardens at Ispahn.
in wells from the mouth to the surface of the water. A c-jurb, (pl. of-A-\ ajrab) Scabby. Jurb and jurub,
Aj jarz, Barren (land). Eating well. j\,- 25 zjarz, (pl. of -j- jirab) Wallets. Insides of wells. Jarab, The scab.
Hard and thick. Jurz, Sharp (sword). Voracious (camel). r 2,-jurab, A woodcock, a quail. The heath-cock.
A \,-jarb, (fem.) Scabby. Heaven. Barren (ground).
re-j- jarsag, A kind of noisy grasshopper. A. \,- Jarb, Name of a village in Syria. Name of a plant.
'-A-jarsy, (Kago;) A cherry. A J-jurbn, (pl. of ~3-jarab) Certain corn-measures.
A*), jurishat, Coarse particles of any thing pounded. (from P c girbn), The collar of a garment. The gore.
A *A-jurisiyat, Lusty (man). A hard, strong camel.
Jurruban, The sheath, the scabbard of a sword. .
A *}-jurisim, A glutton, a gormandizer. A & P- jirbat, A sown-field. Jarabbat, A body of strong men.
A )-juriforjirf, A large measure for dry goods. Jura, A herd of asses.
(A flood) sweeping everything before it. One who thrusts the Aj,2-jurbuz, (from *}; gurbuz) Arch, sly; a deceiver.
hand into any thing, especially a dish, and devours greedily. A P 82-jurbuk, A kind, civil, obliging word.
glutton. Lecherous. Cheerful, sprightly. P <-- jarab-nak, (A --P-) ajrab) Scabby, mangy.
A}}- juriftz, Thick, large-bodied. r x,-jarbu, Fat. Glue. Fatness.
*L*A-jurifish, Having large sides. A}x}-Jarbitz, Blite, a certain plant.
ALy-juriis, Injurious to health, noxious, noisome. A L-jarba', (pl. of +,+) ajrab) Scabby, mangy.
 2 50
2 y
* Qr jurbi, Agility, promptitude. Power, vigour. Vis (pl. of 9,-) ajrad) Horses with fine coats, sleek. Jarad (from
cosity. Marrow, fatness. Straightness. Facility, success. ,+), Being bald; baldness. A field exhibiting no appearance
A\-jirbiy, A westerly wind. of vegetation. Name of a plant. Jarid, Bare, barren (field).
* corjarbidan, To be victorious. To be fat and greasy. Griped (from eating locusts).
To make fat. To be clammy. To be affable, gay, cheerful. A r jirdb, (from p - 95) The midst of the sea.

A 5-jarrat, A water-pot. That part of food which cattle A c-jirdh, (and -le-jirdhat) Rising grounds.
bring up when chewing the cud. The cud. A toil for taking deer, A &le;-- jirdmat, Name of a plant.
a buckstall. Jirrat, A mode of drawing. Jurrat, A buckstall. P J- jardin, A plate (for receiving contributions for the
A ** Jurt, Name of a village in Yaman (Arabia Felix). poor). A staple, the hasp of a padlock.
A G-jirtut, The wild egg-plant. eley-jurdn, The yard (of any solid-hoofed animal).
A

A 3.15,-jarsalat (from J- Q); Flinging (earth) about. Aj e'-jardn-fr, A dormouse.

P - jarsum, Firmly rooted. Of noble origin. (BURhAN.) Je,-jardabn (or J-jardabiy), (from re." soft
A

A J-jurasiy, A kind of grape. girdah-bn) One who claps his hands upon meat on a table (to
A g_- jurj or juraj, (pl. of &= -jurjat) Wallets, saddle prevent it from being carried off). The keeper of the bread.
bags. Jaraj (from zy-) Moving in a circle, turning round
&e-jardabat (from -2,- 0), Eating with an insatiable
A

appetite. Laying his left hand on the meat to prevent any one
(a broad ring upon the finger). Wavering, tottering. Rough,
stony ground. A true speech.
from taking it (whether he use the right hand in eating or not).
Jarij, One who moves round.
A |-,-jarj, An ostrich marked with black and white. $9,-jardat, A garment made smooth by long wearing.
A

Jardat, jirdat, or jaridat, Bare, barren ground. Jirdat, The

Ajla-jarjrr, A camel braying in the throat. A species
soul, spirit. Jurdat, A smooth spot of ground, separated from
of fragrant herb.
P e-A- Jurjn, Name of a province, and city in Persia.
any other. Nakedness.
A -e-jardahat (from c-o), Stretching out (the neck).
A 3-,- jurjat, A cloak-bag, a portmanteau. Jarajat, A A J-,-jirdahl, A large camel. A valley, a channel.
straight road. A beaten path. A stony country. A 359,2- jardakat, A thin cake, a cheesecake.
Aj-j-jarjar, A camel making a rattling in his throat. A &JoA-jardalat (from J- Q), Threatening to fall. -

r_-- jarjar, A cart. Jirjir, A bean. The herb rocket. A -e-jardamat (from Fr o), Talking much. See &r.
A !-- Jarjaray, Name of a city in Arabian Irak. A ex~jirdawn (or eye-jirzawn), A rat, a field-mouse.
A 5,-,- jarjarat (from 25- 0), Braying (a camel). The f so-jardah, A cream-coloured horse. Jurdah, A horse

noise made by a camel in the throat when braying; that made by bred from an Arabian sire, but not an Arabian dam. A gelding:
liquor flowing down the gullet. A kind of fragrant herb. A 3-jars (from 3-), Granulating, becoming knolly (as a

A U-2-jirjis, Pebbles. Small gnats. Black mud. sore). Jaraz, Any tumour about the pasterns of horses or camels.
A 2-2-jirjir, Rocket. Nosesmart. A bean. *L-j- Jaris, (A place) abounding with rats, or field-mice. Juras, A

jirjirul m-i, A kind of parsley found chiefly in fenny grounds. species of the field-mouse.
A v-2-Jarjis, Name of the penultimate king of Yammah. A e'- Jirzn, Name of a place in Syria.

Jirjis, George, particularly St. George of England, whom the A $9,- jarizat, (Land) abounding in field-mice.

Muhammadans rank among the prophets, and confound with P y- jarr, (in ancient Persian) A portion, a share. A stone.
the prophet Elias, as the name Khizr Elia implies, by which they * j,-jaraza, (fut. 5, r yajrucu) He amputated. -

also distinguish him. Pj,-jarz or jurz, A kind of bustard. Name of a bird which
*A c-jaraha, (fut, tyajrahu) He wounded. defends itself by voiding its dung.
A c-jarh (from c-), Wounding. Making sick. Re Ajj-jarz (from 3,-), Cutting off, amputating. Lopping,
viling. Confuting, convicting of falsehood (a witness). Ac pruning. Killing. Eating. Upbraiding, reviling, reproach
quiring, purchasing. Receiving a wound. Jurh, A wound. ing. Being hard, thick. Bare, sterile (ground) parched, having
A J-A-jarha', (pl. of c- jarh, com, gend.) Wounded.
no rain. Jir, A kind of female garment made of camel's hair;
P -c-jarkhast, A wine-press. also a coarse one made of skins. Jurz or juruz, A barren season.
e Q-jard, A royal throne. A black locust. Jard or jurd, Bare, burnt-up land. (from Pjgurs) A mace. Jaras, Parched
The name of several birds. Jarad, Wounded.
(land). Barren year. Hardness. The body and breast of a
A 9-jard (from 9,-) Stripping (leaves off branches), tear Inan. j-23 zajaraz, Hard and thick.
ing off. Scraping, shaving, erasing. Eating locusts. Eating
A 35-jarrat, A complete extirpation. Jurzat, A bundle of
up herbage (locusts). Having excoriations and pimples on the hay or grass. Jirazat, (pl. ofj-jur) Lands destitute of ve
body from eating locusts. Being plagued with locusts. Jurd, getation. Iron maces.
 A r jarzam, Dry bread (without meat).
* 5-jarzah, Colour, hue. A darkish green. A bay horse.
*A L-jarasa, (fut. L yajrisu or rusu), He spake low.
P C-jars, Echo. Jaras, A bell hanging from (a horse's)
neck. A prison. The toll for grinding corn. Colour. J J
c-jara, dar galu bastan, To tie a bell to the throat. (met.)
To sing melodiously. J3 *A- jaras-ha-i zar, The stars.
A U-j-jars or jirs, A gentle sound (as that of a bird's bill
when pecking). Part of the night. Jaras, Abell (appended to
the neck of a camel or mule). Jurs (from U-2-), Culling
(as a bee among flowers). Speaking in a low tone. Singing.
A fr jirsn, (equivalent to *A birsam) The pleurisy.
P --jarrist, A gnashing of the teeth. Weakness, infir
mity. J e-j- jarrist kardan (or ex-y-jarristidan),
To gnash the teeth, to make a noise with them.
*A*-jaras-dr, A bell-man. A courier, a postman.
Pussy-jarsi, A wine-press. An oil-mill.
P J- jarsh, Good pasturage. (CASTELLUs.)
A U-2-jarsh (from J-), Combing (the head), clearing it bank eaten into by the stream. (A torrent) sweeping away the
of the dandruff. Pounding into coarse particles.
A US-jarsh, (equivalent to L-jars) A part or watch of
the night. Jursh, Name of a place in Yaman.
A L-Jurash, Name of a town in Yammah (Arabia).
A -,-jurshub, A dwarf, short of stature.
A -,- jarshabat (from -- 0), Being lean, meagre.
Falling sick, and afterwards recovering. Attaining to the age jurf) Particles of earth eaten, or carried away by the stream.
of fifty (a woman), when the courses are dried up.
A s-jurshut, A large fat camel with inflated sides.
P -jarshaft, A lampoon, a satire, a pasquinade.
A &-jarshamat (from *** Q), Recovering from sick
ness. Beholding stedfastly. Putting on a grim, forbidding look.
A Ly-jirrisha', The soul. by men engaged for the purpose; or by horsemen forming a
A J-jurashiy, Related to the town of Uj- Jurash.
A J-jars (from Jr), Having the throat obstructed by
Spittle almost to suffocation (from anguish or vexation). Being
sad, grieving. Jaraz, Saliva kept in the throat from chagrin,
so as to cause a partial suffocation. - A - jarm (from **), Cutting. Divesting, stripping (a
** jurzum, A guttler, a glutton, a gormandizer.
A
A **-jarat, (from *A-), Being almost choked with meat, or
with rage. Trouble, anguish.
** {A-jaria, (fut. t yajrazu) He sipped (water).
*{A-jarat, (pl. of e-jaratat), Sandy plains. Abilities.
A & A-jarat (from {j-), Drinking or absorbing (water).
A **-jara-a (or &e-jaratat), A sandy desert.
* ~ *-jartab (and e-e-jireib), Gross, rude, stupid.
Jarah, Thick. A severe misfortune.
****jarabat (from C-2,+ 0), Drawing (water) well.
* JeA jartabil, Thick.
A e - jureat, One draught. The last breath. Jarafat, A
sandy plain, yielding no herbage. Strength, force.
A t- jartakiik (or <<=A-jarrakik), Thick milk.
A -->;-- furtub, Drinking much water. Large-bodied.
P &e,2-jureah, Remains of (wine) at the bottom of a vessel.
P e' &e;-- jurah-dn, A leathern pouch wherein travellers
slow their victuals and their (wine) flask. A drinking-glass.
rjy &e;-jurah-rz, A vessel having a spout.
A Q-rey-jirtzb, Coarse, rude, hard, stupid.
r;\,- jurght, A cup, a spout (to drink out of).
P e-jarghn, A cipher, or character used amongst the
worshippers of fire. (Burhn-i ktit).
P A-jarghad (or , ,-jarghar), A glow-worm.
r x > jarghand, A sheep's haslet. A lamp. A glow-worm.
Pe-jarghn (or J;- jarghul), The plantane.
A 3,-Jarf, A plentiful year. Goods or effects, both live and
dead stock. A mark (on a camel's thigh). Jurf (from -5,-),
Taking every thing. Sweeping, or removing (with a shovel).
Jurf and juru, That which the current carries along with it. A
soil. A precipice. Juru, A mark on (a camel's) thigh.
A U-15,-jirfs, Large-bodied. Thick and hard. A woman
who sits with musicians. A harlot.
A 3,- jarfat (from -5,-), Taking much, carrying off all.
Sweeping, shovelling. Being black-coloured (horse or camel).
A mark made on the thigh (of a camel). Jirafat, (pl. of -5,-
P 3,- Jirfat, Name of a city in Karmnia.
A.&-3- jarfasat (from J- Q), Throwing prostrate.
P J- jarfdagn, Little vallies. (CASTELLUs).
P - jurk, A desert, a plain.
P 9- jarkat, A hunting-party wherein the game is started
circle. A tent supported by two or three columns.
P <--5,-jirkina, Lasciviousness.
P &- jarkah, A circle, a ring. A company. Array.
A J-jaral, Stones. Jaril, Stony (ground).
palm-branch of its dates). Shearing (sheep). Taking, lifting
up, bearing off. Gaining, acquiring. Deserving, being worthy of.
Compelling (any one) with sufficient reason. Jirm, Sound. Colour.
A body. A globe. ** --> jirm-i subh, The light of the sun.
J --> jirm-i kamr, The body of the moon. Jurm, Sin.
--, jurm offinayat, Sin and guilt. Jaram, A crime, a
fault. Excellent cattle. (from P f garm), Warm, hot. -J
ljaram, Of necessity, assuredly, unquestionably, by all means.
Faultless. Unsuspected. Jarum, Name of a plant. Jurram,
(pl. of '- jrim), Those who gather dates.
P &l-jaramnah, A mulct, a fine, a penalty. Sin.
 _2_-
A 3-2- jirmat, A number of men gathering dates.
* 5xy - jarm-roz, Name of a festival.
A j-jarmazat (from j- 9), Being drawn together. De
parting. Retiring from fear, fleeing away.
r r- jarmuzah, A journey.
A Gs- jarmaknz, A species of locust.
A J- jarmal, Name of a plant.
P <\--jurm-nk, Guilty, criminal, culpable.
P J-y- jurm-maki, Guiltiness, criminality.
Aj}-jurmuz, A cistern with high sides. A small reservoir.
A small house. A well. A young he-wolf.
A J-jurmuk (from P *jr- sarmzah), A kind of lea
thern hose, worn over boots to keep them clean.
P &-jarmah, A white or grey horse.
A v- Jarma', Name of a capital city in Abyssinia.
*A cy-jarana, (fut. ey yajrunu) He was accustomed to.
A cy-jurn, A place where dates are dried. Jaran, Coarse,
uneven, and stony ground. Jurun, (pl. of ey-jirn) The fore
or curved parts of the neck in camels and horses.
A 9,-jarna, A species of the herb crane's bill.
A -,-jarambat, A multitude of men or asses.
f sj-jirandah, Gristle. The liver of a bird.
rj-jaranghr, The right wing of an army.
A C- jaranash, Large-sided (thing). Large (man).
One who has a long and thick beard.
r c-jarang or jiring, The jingling or tinkling of bells.
The rattling of chains. The clashing of arms.
P c- jarangidan, Tojingle, tingle, rattle, make a noise
like the clashing of swords or the like. To make hollow.
A 25-faric, jirac, or jurie, The whelp of a lion or a dog. Jirw
or jurie, A small cucumber, a colocynth.
P c--juriesag, A cricket.
A J- jirwz, Fat and gor-bellied.
A *A*-jiriet, Long, tall.
A --> Jarab, Name of a place in Yaman famous for cloth.
A $22-jiricat, Patience. The fruit of the small cucumber.
A c-jurih, (pl. of t-jurh) Wounds.
AJji-jarur, Stubborn (horse), refusing to follow. Very
deep (well). A woman who is unable to rise from her seat from
torpor or some physical defect in her constitution.
A 52-jarus, Voracious, eating fast (man, woman, or camel).
Juritz, Dryness. (pl. of 5/-jir), Female garments made of
camel's hair, or of sheep skins of a coarser kind.
A J*A* jarz, Thick, and large-bellied.
A -- juri, (pl. of -jurf) Rocks, precipices.
A J- jarical, Stones. Name of a poet.
A x- jurim, Warm countries, sultry regions.
Pe-jarican, The Indian pompion. Jarian, The ancient
name of the city of Ormuz in the Persian gulf.
504 zy
A J2j jurin (from eyr), Being trained, exercised, accus.
tomed to (man or beast). Applying earnestly to. Calendering,
rendering smooth (linen). Polishing (a coat of mail).
P r jarwand, A lamp. A candle.
P r jarrah, A jar, an earthen water-vessel, an ewer. The
beard. Jurrah, A little cruise, or jar. A little tube, a funnel.
The handle of a cup or jug. A cushion. A pillow. Form. Ac.
tive, quick. A common name for any male bird or beast, but
particularly of a male falcon; and it is used metaphorically for
a hero or brave man. Name of a musical instrument.
A J-- jirhas,
Corpulent. A strong lion.
A *A- jarham, (A man) keen, active, diligent in his affairs.
P}\, 3,-jurah-bas, A white falcon. Jurrah-bz, Active.
ty;-&-jarah-khr, A peasant obliged to labour at the re
pairs of a neighbouring fortification, and, on that account, re
lieved from all other public burdens.
A s-jarhadat (from AS2- 0), Going fast. Being ex
tended. Continuing. Being barren (land).
A re- Jurhum, Name of an ancient tribe. (Pocock Spec.)
A *.*,- jarh7 yat, A loud voice or speech.
A &-jari-a, Bold, brave. The leader of the van to battle.
*A s-jara, (fut, s yajr) (The water) flowed.
A 45-jary (from .5,-), Flowing, running, issuing, proceed
ing ; moving (as ships, winds, sun, moon, or planets). Happening,
A s-jari, Bold, brave. Leading the van in battle, r
es"jar janin, Intrepid of soul. e- r 5 e." t
ballghul bayn wa jaril jann, Eloquent and bold (man).
A s-jary, One who pretends to be young. An ambassa
dor. A substitute, a representative; a procurator, an age", *
factor, a manager. Jirry, An eel.
A J- jiryaz, Fat and large-bellied.
A J- jiryl, A certain red tincture. s." Jr jir
ylu'l zahabi, The redness of gold. Wine.
A e- jaryn (from s,-), Flowing, running, proceeding
Issuing from, arising, springing. Happening, becoming. A
flux of (blood or urine). P Jr \ is 2. \s; farmn- kaz
jaryn, Mandates flowing like fate, i.e. irresistible commands.
+7 Ze-jiryn-i ab, Fluor albus. jr jiryn-i
shikam, A dysentery. A *** ze- jiryn-i maziy, Fluor al
bus. Lo e- jiryn-i many, A gleet. (HUNTER.)
A c-jiryn (equiv. to J-jiryl), A red tincture.
A Arjarib, Acorn-measure (384 mudds, or about?08 lib.).
As much sown ground as will produce that quantity. A certain
quantity of land (measuring 60 ells-square bequeathed by will).
. P e- Q-J- jarb-amin, A land-surveyor, or measurer.
P &- jarzbnah, A rate imposed (on the inhabitants of a
district) for defraying the charges of measurement.
P L -j- jarb-kash, A land-surveyor.
 3-
: p J <-,-jarb-kashi, Mensuration, land-surveying.
: viding in parts. Juz-a or juz, A part, portion, particle. An
A&A-jiryat, A flux of water. The mode of flowing. The
purling of a stream. Jarryat or jirriyat, Abird's gizzard.
A --jirris, An eel, (according to others) a turbot.
t A g- jurayj, (diminutive of 3-2-jurjat) A little sack.
t A c-jarih, Wounded (man or woman).
two and a half in folio). 3 ;-juz-a l yutajas-a-u, An in
, t
A&P-jarid, A palm-branch stripped of its leaves. (A tree)
igs. despoiled of its branches, leaves, and bark. A lance, a spear. jux-i), In whole and part; totally, entirely, in every part.
Entire (year). A., "e, bildeljarid, Numidia (Biedulge
It,
rid) so called from the abundance of palm-trees growing there.
A ,e\-jaridini, Two days, or two months. ze- &
t muzjaridani, Two days or two months since.
pe; 5 A*-jarid-bz kardan, To fight in sport, or by
btt way of exercise or discipline.
milliz' A s-jaridat, A book, a volume, a register, an account
book. A branch of a palm-tree stript of the leaves. A number
of horsemen or horses (part of a larger body).
f : \,-jaridah, An account of receipts and expenses, a cash
book. The cover of the same book. Simple. Only, alone. A
short spear. Desolate. Deprived of relations and friends. Ex
peditious. ex: s-jaridah shudan, To be expeditious, dis
patched, unencumbered.
A 22-jarir, A halter distinct from the bridle which presses
on a (camel's) cheek. The man who fastens on that halter.
A 22- Jurayr, Name of a place in Najd (Arabia).
A 52-jarrat, A fault, a crime. Perfidy.
A AA- (r min) jariratika, On thy account.
r-Jarirah, Name of a certain woman.
A -A-jarisat, Cattle stolen in the night.
A J-jarish, Bruised, brayed, coarsely pounded. Salt of
a bad flavour. Juraysh, Name of a tribe.
A c- jura-iz, Large, fat, bulky man.
A v-jariz, Suffocation. Anguish, grief.
A *-ij- jura-izat, Fat (sheep).
A *A-jurayaat, (dim. of e-jurat) A little draught.
A -jarif, Art, trade, profession.
AA- jarim, Gathered dates. Dry dates. Date-stones.
Large-bodied. Guilty.
P*A-jarmnah, A fine, a penalty, a forfeit.
A&A-jarimat, A crime, a fault. A fine, a mulct, a pecu
niary punishment. A gainer, an acquirer.
A c-jarin, A place where dates are dried.
***-jariyah (or c-jarinah), The belly, the paunch.
*}-jaz, An island. Name of an ancient city in Persia. Jis,
The fat of asheep's tail fried, and poured over a dish made with
flour. Juz, Besides, except. Jij"J-jus az n, Besides that.
*A*-jazza, (futjyajuzzu) He cut, he reaped (the crop).
Aj-jazz (from >jassa), Mowing, cutting, reaping, shearing.
*5-jaz-a (from 5-), Having enough, being content. Di
505
<-3-
ingredient. A quire of paper. A section of a book (the Kurn,
for example, being divided into thirty 5-jux-a, each consisting
of about fifteen folios or leaves. A juz-a in other books is gene
rally five leaves, making one sheet and a quarter in quarto, or
*5-2 J% kull wa fuz-a (or &- J% kully wa
divisible atom.
P e;- *}-jus-a khn, One who reads the Kur'n in parts.
A j-jaz, Compensation, reward, recompense. Retaliation,
requital. Condign punishment. j Me daru'l jaz, The next
world, P 5- 232) rsijs, The day of retribution.
*A j-ja-a-a, (fut. W= yaj-a-u) He divided.
A j-jaz-a (from j-), Dividing, distributing. (from 23-),
Compensating, requiting. Sufficing. Satisfying.
A *}-jiz-a, (III of 25-) Subduing, conquering. Requiting.
Praying that God would recompense. (pl. of &j- jizyat), Tri
butes, contributions levied upon Jews and Christians. Revenues
accruing from the soil.
A -j-jazb, Name of a plant (orchis flava).
A $5-juz-at, The handle (of an awl or knife).
Aj- jazzr, A butcher, a slaughterer (especially of camels).
A j-juxrat, The head and feet of a slaughtered (camel).
|
|
j J- tablu'ljuzrat, (A horse) strong in the legs.
Ajj-jazz or jizz, Harvest. Date-cutting. Sheep-shearing.
A $35-juzzat, Any thing which falls in reaping, shearing
sheep, gathering in dates or other produce. A cut, chip, or shaving.
A j-jaz, jizf or juzaf (from P s guzf), An idle,
rash word, or action without rhyme or reason.
|
A 35-jazz; A fisherman.
l
A 35-jazfat, jizfat, or juzfat, Rashness.
A C-jisal, The in-gathering of ripe dates. (pl. of J
jazl), Billets for the fire. (pl. of Jj-jazil), Great, copious.
A &y-jazlat (from J-), Being entire, unimpaired. Being
great, solid. Being eloquent. Sagacity, penetration.
| A c-juslim (for *3-), The elephantiasis. Leprous.
Ajj- jaz-ir, (pl. of $25- jazzrat) Islands. Peninsulas.
2}= Al jaz-ir, Barbary. Algiers. clus- 2:5-jaz-ir-i
khalidat, The fortunate islands, the first meridian of Ptolemy.
P --jaz-iri, Name of the king of Persia's body guard.
A Jj-jaz-il, (pl. of Jj-jazl) Copious. Numerous. Elo
quent.
A J-jaz-il, A large musket, a wall-piece, a swivel.
P}\,\! Jji- jaz-il-andaz, One who fires a wall-piece.
P J-jusi'yi, Because, by reason of (CASTELLUs.)
A -j- jizb, A part, a portion.
Juzb, Servants. (CASTELLUs.)
A Sji- jazbaz (or $3.5- jazbazat), The hard trot of a horse.
P x-jux-bandi, The binding of a book.
3 T
 Q--
P J *}-jazabah kardan, To enrage, to cause to quarrel.
A j-jazzat, A wounding. Jizzat, The annual shearing of
sheep. Wool shorn and laid up.
p c-jus-tan, (Part of the body) a limb.
506 33
P 5-jaza, Receiving any thing without making a return.
p -jasak, A distemper peculiar to fowls, affecting the roots
of the quills and feathers, and causing them to drop off.
P29- juz-gir, An instrument used for keeping a book open

A c-jazi (from -), He gave. He cut off a part. A gift. when reading or writing. A portfolio.
A *5-jasjat, (equivalent to *}-jazlal), A part. A J-jazl (from J-), Cutting, paring, clipping. Fire-wood.
Fj-j-ji-jiz, The noise made by a boiling pot. Copious, large (present). Prudent, firm in mind. Eloquent.
A 5-j-ji,jizat, A lock of wool (plucked from the skin); a Jazal (from J-), Being galled in the back or shoulder (a beast
flock of coloured wool appended to a camel-litter. of burden) so that the bone is laid bare.
*A c-jazaha, (fut. c5+ yajahu) He gave liberally. A 35- jazlat or jizlat, A part, a segment, a portion, a quantity

A t-jash, A gift, a boon. (of dates). Jazlat, A prudent woman.

* ---juzkhisht, A printer's or oilman's press. A - jazm (from r), Cutting, amputating. Breaking off
p > jazd, A cricket. A locust. A sea-urchin. A chevril. any business. Marking with jazma or jazm. Deciding, deter
A small low voice or sound; a whisper. Juzd, Name of a bird. mining, concluding, resolving. Reading slowly and distinctly.
P c-jus-dn, A port-folio. Rendering necessary, or imposing any thing upon another. Fil
rjji-jazdar (or 995-jazdarah), The dry skin which remains ling (a bottle). Estimating from a survey the produce of palm
of any fat meat after broiling or frying away all the grease. The trees, &c. Being pusillanimous, weak. Keeping silence. Drink
lean parts of the intestines. A sparrow. ing, satisfying thirst (a camel). Eating sufficiently (a man);
*AL}-jazara, (ful. of 25+ yajziru) He cut (the palm-tree). eating once in twenty-four hours. The orthographical character
Aj-jazr (from j-), Cutting (bunches of dates). Slaugh jazma (*) which is placed over a letter in pointed books to show
tering (a camel). Decreasing, subsiding (water). Reflux, ebb that it has no vowel (see Grammar). Equality of the characters
tide. The square root. cus*, : J-ja-r tea madd-i in writing. The common Arabic character. P G, r
ikdam wa ilijm, The flux and reflux of resolves, i.e. irresolution. eyey;jasm o tas dik kardan, To confirm one's self in a resolution.
A j-jasar, A piece of meat, as a bait for wild beasts. A fat P -jasam, Firm. (CASTELLUs.)
sheep. (from *A* gazar), A carrot, a parsnip. &=\}) J}~ A \'-jazman (p &\j-jazmnah) Resolutely, definitively.
jasaru'r riyat, A plant (scabiosa columbaria). .5.x. A 25 A &sji-jazmat, One meal (for a man), or one feed (for cattle)

jatar-i hind, A species of pumpkin. during the day or night. Jizmat, A part of any stock, separate
Aj=-juzur, (pl. of 25-jazr) Camels destined for slaughter. from the rest. A herd of camels, a flock of sheep.
P U-j-jux-ras, Penetrating, sagacious. Frugal, careful. A 33-5- jazambazat, Thick. Jazambizat, A servantshusband.

PU-j-jux-rasi, Penetration, sagacity. Frugality.
r-jus-rais, A privy, a jakes.
A sy-jazry, Native of Jazirat, a town in Mesopotamia.
** {}-jasaa, (fut. * > yajaatu.) He crossed (the river).
A {j-jast (from & 3-), Crossing (a river). Dividing, allot
ting (to any one his share). Being impatient. Being afraid,
worn with sorrow. A kind of Arabian shell compared often by
the poets to the eyes. An onyx. Jiz, The windings or narrows
of a river; also where it branches off into two streams. Jazak,
Lamentation, complaint, sorrow, impatience. & j); s
bazaa'l jazat wal-fazat, After lamentations and groans.
A -ja-eat, A small quantity (of wealth, water, or milk). A
watch of the night. Ji-tat or juxtat, A little water left in a bottle.
p -ji-gh, A cricket. A locust.
P & J-jasagh, A frog. Complaint. A glass gem. Plaster
of a reddish brown colour. Jicigh, The at of sheeps tails fried
and poured over a dish made of flour.
J-ji=ghl (or Jj-ji-ghatah), Fat, dripping.
A 5-ja;f (from 5-), Buying any thing rashly, at ran
doiu, uncertain of weight, quantity, or quality.
A 25-jazw (from 23-), Subduing. Juzw, A particle.
Aji-just-a, A part, a portion.
A 25-jazur, A camel slaughtered, or destined for slaughter.
Ajj-justiz (from j-jazza), Becoming dry (dates).
A $25-jacusat, A shorn sheep.
A 25- jazut, Impatient. Lamenting, querulous.
4 -525-juzwi, A part. A little, a few. A trifle.
A j- justeryat, (pl. of sj-juzici) Parts, portions.
T * >}=-juzwijah (or <}-juzijah) A very little.
P j-jazah (or *}- chazah), A circular tent.
A 45-jisa', (pl. of j-jizyat) Tributes, taxes.
&j-jus-i (or J-jus-i), A particle, a part. A little, a
A
few. J- 3 J% kull, wa jus-i, In whole and in part, entirely,
wholly. Jas" J-jux-i ikhtiyr, Free will.
A ~\}- jus-it (or ~\j- jus-iyt), Trifles.
A & 5- ji-ya!, Tribute, capitation-tax, (paid by Jews *
Christians). The produce of the soil. r &\s--jizyah-k
nah, A custom-house or other place, where tribute is collected.
A * > jazzyatan, In part, partly.

rejji-jazidan, To change.
A 5,2}-jazirat or jazirah, An island, a peninsula. 52;s" Al
jazirat, Mesopotamia. ~x) 525-jazratu'l carab, The pe
ninsula of Arabia. J- 3.25- jazzratu'l tushshak, Synope.
A Sj-jazzat, Fleeces of wool piled in a heap.
A *j-juzayaat, A part of a stock separated from the rest.
A j-jazzf, A fishing-net.
A Jj jazz!, Much, many, numerous, copious. Great. Elo
---jism, A body. A mathematical solid. soul- ---
quent. J- 2-) air-ijazil, A great reward.
A *}- jazz lat, (fem. of Jj=-jazil) Fair, good. Pure. jism-i jamdy, Metallic body. s- ---jism-i jawharzy,
PU-jas, Asking; desire, appetite. A jump, flight, escape. Constitutional parts. <!-- ~-jism-i haywanzy, Animal body.
*A U--jassa, (fut. U_*: Jajussu.) He handled. r ---jism-i murakkab, A compound body. is ---
A U-jass (from U-jassa), Touching, handling; feeling
(the pulse). Seeking, fishing for information.
A U-jas-a, A rough skin. Frozen water, ice.
Al-jas-a (from |--), Becoming hard (the hand).
A Al-jas--a, (A hand) hardened by labour.
A \--jis-a, (111 of 3--) Opposing, resisting.
A $4--Jasi-at (from"+), Becoming hard (a man's hand, a
beast's neck). Hardness.
: A 5- jus-at, Hardness of the hand.
A c--jassd or jissd, Saffron.
A 5\-jasarat (from 2-), Daring. Excelling in vigour
of mind and intrepidity. Boldness, presumption, fool-hardiness.
A J--- Jassas, Name of a man.
A 3-1--jasasat, The beast on which Antichrist will ride.
A *\-- jisam or jusam, (pl. of ~ Jasim) Large-bodied.
A&\--jasimat (from --), Being corpulent, large-bodied.
A J-jussin, Players on the tambourin. (CASTELLUs.)
* Lx- jasbos (or L- jasbos.7), Hypocrisy.
P -- just, He leaped.
He escaped. A leap, a jump.
re-just, He sought. Search, enquiry. Q-3 C-r
J just o jy kardan, To search diligently. L-> <---
r-3' J just ojy kardan az khabar, To enquire after news.
re-jastn, Leaping, springing, dancing, bounding.
* Ju--jastndan, To cause to leap. To cause (the wind)
to blow. To cause (a limb) to palpitate. (CASTELLUs.)
* c-jastan, To jump, leap, spring forward. To assail.
To run away. To rise or blow (as the wind). To palpitate, to
leap or beat (as the heart or pulse), to shake or tremble (a limb).
J c--Jastan-i dil, The palpitation of the heart (a disease).
Pe-justan, To search, to seek, to enquire, to examine,
to investigate. To heap up, to accumulate.
P & r jastah, (ii ---jasat) Tin.
A *-jasad, The body. Saffron, or any thing of that colour.
Blood. (from 2-), Clotting or sticking to the body (blood).
Jasid, Congealed, coagulated blood adhering to the body.
* **-jasadly, Corporeal, bodily.
*AL-jasara, (fut. of ,--- yajsuru) He braved, ventured.
507 {
*
:
P_r--jasr, A ring, a circle.
A_-- jasr, Large, strong (camel). Jisr, A bridge.
A -,---jasrab, Long.
A *-* > * Jasr-i Mambaj, Name of a town in Syria.
A: We 2,--Jusraw-dr, (rle 2-s-) Galangale.
P <<--jasak, Trouble, misfortune. Extreme enmity.
* --jaesar, One who stirs up frumenty. (CASTELLUs.)
:A --jasama, (fut. -*. Jajsumu) (He) was big-bodied.
A
jism-i kasif (The) opake body (of a planet). J ---jism
nabatiy, Vegetable body.
A J--jusmn, A body. Habit of body.
A ut-- jismnzy or jusmnzy, Corporeal.
A &-jismnyat or jusmnyat, Materiality.
AJ34-jusmr, Anything projecting from a man's back.
re-jasmi, Name of a thorny plant.
A *-jasmiyat, Corporality, materiality.
A 3-- jusnat. A species of round fish.
P = <--jasanag, Bald.
A ;---Jusu-a (from --), Becoming hard (the hand).
A 3-jusaw (from 5-a-), Being hard. Becoming stiff, and
crazed in his joints (an old man). Freezing (water).
A 25--jasud (or J3--fastcar), A straight tree or stick.
A 2--jasar, Magnanimous. Jusur, (pl. of ,--jisr) Bridges.
A & 5-- justie, Tenacity, avarice, close-handedness.
A 3.--Jus-iat, Hardness of the hand.
p J-jasidan, To incline. To stick close.
A ---jasim, Great (in diguity). Gross, corpulent.
P & 2.-jasinah, Any thing of a pale watery colour.
p U-jash, A kind of blue bead made of glass, in colour ap
proaching to that of the turquoise (worn by common people in
rings and necklaces, and by the children of the rich as a charm
against accidents and evil eyes). Taste, flavour. Taste thou,
A U-jashsh (from U-jashsha), Breaking, bruising. Grind
ing coarsely. Beating, cudgelling. Sweeping, cleaning (a well).
A U-jash-a, A light bow. A branch of a tree (of which
such kind of bows are made).
A \--jush (or st-jusha-at), A belch.
A t-jash-a (from *-), Being excited, moved, by fear or
sorrow (the spirits). Migrating.
Aj-jashshr, The owner of a field (where horses pasture).
A j- jashshariy, One who leads horses and camels to
pasture and stays out all night with them.
re-jashn, A yard (for measuring cloth).
A ---jushb, Barks of pomegranate trees. Jashab orjashib,
Coarse fare, food without sauce.
3 T 2
 \a-
- 508 cxx

A -jushshat, A crowd of people, going down into a well lest he should tumble in. A mark made
P As- jashkham, A kind of eye-salve. on a horse or ass.

P--jashad, A certain oil measure.
A_*-jashr (from J-), Leading cattle to pasture and not
bringing them home at night. Jashar (from J-), Being hard
and rough (dry mud on the shore). Men who pass the night in
the fields with their camels. Flocks grazing at liberty without
coming home. Jashir, Dirty (leathern bottle). Jushr, A
cough, a hoarseness. (pl. of r-jashir) Corn-sacks. Quivers.
A y-jashr, (fem. of ,-- ajshar) Hoarse (woman).
A J.-- jatsis, (pl. of U-5-a-jaess) Short and vile.
A J-jitil, Any cloth with which they lift a boiling kettle
off the fire. A dwarf palm-tree. A praise-worthy deed.
A&W- jiglat (from J-), Effecting. Bringing to pass.
Constituting, nominating. Beginning, setting about. Swarming
with beetles (land or water). A good and laudable action. A
dwarf palm-tree. Hire, price, fare.
A J.----- jatmis, (pl. of U-x~jagms) Excrements.

A 3,4-jushrat, Coughing, irritation in the throat or chest.

A s-jashit, Desirous, longing after, greedy of
A re-jasham (from --) Labouring hard. A heavy bur
den. Affliction. Jusham, The breast and ribs. A fish.
Pe-jashn, A feast, a social entertainment, a convivial
meeting. A solemn feast. < zer-jashn-i busurg, The sixth
day of the month Farwardin. Je: zer- jashn-i purdagn,
Five intercalary days added to the Persian year. Jashan, Fever.
rj- c-jashn-sz, New year's day (of the era Malik).
re-jashni, Fond of feasting, voluptuous.
r;-jashr, A light bow.
A 5-fush-u or jushu-a (from *-), Being distressed (the
mind) from sadness or terror. Emigrating.
A y-jushar, (from g.-) Breaking forth (the dawn).
p 4-jashshah, An oil-measure. Jushshah, A sleeve.
A C--jashib, Thick. Coarse, homely (food or raiment).
Pr-fashir, A weaver.
Az-e-jashir, A large corn-sack. A quiver.
p y-jashirah, A weaver. Milk-pottage.
A J-jatnis, Beetles.
A 3,\x-jatwat, A repository for cauldrons or kettles.
*A C-x-jazaba, (fut. --~~~. Vajgabu) He threw prostrate,
A x-jaeb (from ~~~~), Throwing prostrate. Collecting.
Placing arrows in a quiver. Juab (from *-*-), Tearing up.
Throwing away.
A **-jaeb (from J-q), Throwing on the ground.
A **-jaebat, A quiver.
A rse jagbar, Short thick (man). Hard, rough.
A S-jaebarat, (from x~ 0), Throwing prostrate.
A c---jubb, A little mean-looking man.
P & s-jazbah, A bad kind of harp.
A usr-jaebiy, A red ant.
A *-jitat, Beer.
A &x-jaktabat, Avidity, desire. Wickedness. Saucines.
A 3-jaesarat (from Ax-o), Collecting (household stuff).
A **-jaesam, A weak-bodied meagre man.
A x-- jutsum, Veretrum equi, asinive crassum.
A 5,3- jujurrat, A kind of paste or cake (boiled and eaten

A U-jash?sh, (Corn) coarsely ground. Pollard. with new wine).

P &-jashishah, (or 4~) A grey horse or mule. A *-* jaajat. (or &\srjatjt), A confined bad smelling
A ---jashim, Thick.
place (such as a prison). A large place. A field of battle.
A U--jass or jiss, (from P ** or G Tpog), Plaster. Rough ground. A camel braying loud.
A Jaka-jasss, A maker or vender of mortar, a pargeter. A *** jatjazat (from t-s 9) Throwing into a dung
A v4-jazz (from Li-jazza), Walking pompously. Rush Making (a camel) kneel down or rise up. Exacting a debt ri
ing upon (any one) with sword or spear. gorously. Kneeling down (a camel). Standing amongst caue's
A *i-jasam, Thick-waisted. Jusum, A glutton. kneeling down. The sound of a mill. The noise of a came
A *jith, A word used in calling she-goats. A *-jazd, A curling lock of hair, a ringlet. Curly-headed
A \la-jatl-a, A loose side-tooth (in camels). (man), curly-haired (camel). Liberal, generous. &\ r
A 4-jazz (from *-jazza), Propelling. Throwing prostrate. jadu'l yad or J.<\}) ex-jagdu'l anamil, Illiberal, avaricious
Being fat. Running fast. Coition. Corpulent. r 3) .*-ja-d-i angusht, Avarice. F Axe-jazd-i shut".
Hairiness (of the human body). A Ax-jazd-i kalun', Clot
ps--jae, A spider.
~~~jieb, (pl. of **-jaebat) Quivers.
A
ted ink adhering to the pen. Pleasing amiable words. Curved
A ~~.jattb, A quiver-maker. letters. ***A*-jaed-i girah-gir, Curling ringlets.
A &\x-jieffbat, The art of making quivers. **** Jutdabat (or **-juezabat), A bubble of water. A
A

A 2-x-jatjir, (pl. of 3, s jug jurrat) Pies, pasties.
A Sex-jazdat (from *-), Being crisped, curled.
A_\x- (*! ).jar. The hyena. Jigar, A rope which a
camel-waterer fastens to a stake and ties round his middle when
spider's web. Beestings (in the mouth of a kid newly dropped).
A Sax~jazdat, A curl. The herb poley, Softland. Soft date.
**-x" abjaadat, (Father of the curling hair) the wolf.
A yea- jazdar, Short. A dwarf.
 J-
A x-jaedariy (or x-jazzariy), A glutton.
P J% Ax-jaed kardan, To braid, to curl, to plait.
A Jax- jagdal, Hard. Strong, robust (camel).
A sex- Jaedah, Name of the father of a tribe.
Ax-jaer (from 2-), Voiding excrement (a wild beast).
Dung of wild beasts and birds of prey. Ly-3;" abjiarn, A
beetle. eya- ummujiarn, The pelican. A kind of eagle.
Ajs-jusrr, A worthless kind of date. A sort of insect.
Aja-jaez, (equivalent to ju- ja-2) A stifling sensation either | Jatam (from --), Desiring greedily. Having a foul appetite
from rage, thirst, or when under water.
A U-a-jas, Excrement, dung.
A U-5-a-jutsus, Short of stature, mean, contemptible.
A ---jaeshab, Tall and thick.
A ---jaesham, The middle. Jussham or jutshum, Thick
5. stout dwarf. Tall and corpulent. Name of a town in Yaman.
A Lt-a-jutshish, Short. Long. Vile. Meagre.
A*-jazz (from x-), Suppressing. Thick-bodied.
Ajax-jir, A thick dwarf. A corpulent glutton.
Ajx- jazzrat, Greedy. Gross, corpulent. Jiezrat,
Thick. Harsh-tempered. Diminutive, weak in mind. -
AA*-jazzar, One who has large swagging hips.
A ax-jazzarat, Retreat, flight. The pace of a slow man.
A *A*-jaesariy, Thick. Rude, deformed. Voracious. A
dwarf who adds to his size by art. (Hence) one who boasts of
what he has not, or assumes a false consequence. A murmurer.
A -is-jaaf (from ix-) Rushing upon. Flinging away.
Plucking, rooting up. Throwing prostrate.
A ix-jaear, A little stream. A large river. (A camel)
abounding in inilk. A proper name. ix-x" abjaafar, A fly.
P c x- Jaafar-bd, Name of a place near Shirz.
A Je Ax-Jaafar-i sdik, Name of one of the Imms.
r x-jaafari, The finest kind of gold. A kind of cupola.
A sort of screen (the interstices of the frame being lozenged).
Lattice-work. Name of a yellow flower. Name of a fortress.
A&AEx- Jaafariyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect. Name
of a quarter in Baghdd, and of a village in Egypt.
A &x-jaafalat (from Jx-o), Unhorsing any one speared.
Saying c"A; c. lx-jukiltu fidaka, For thee I devote my head.
A c- jagalik, A big old woman.
A J-jaeal, Swelling, inflated (honey).
A Jia-Jufiy, Name of the founder of an Arabian tribe.
*AJ- jatala, (fut. Jac gajalu) He placed.
A Ja-jael(from J-), Causing, effecting. Putting, placing;
laying (one thing upon another). A dwarf palm-tree. A heifer.
Counterfeit, forgery. Jial or jugil, Water swarming with dead
beetles. Juel (from Jae-), Making. Causing. Determining,
fixing. Nominating, constituting, instituting, holding. Giving.
Beginning to do. The hire or reward for any work. A bribe
(to a governor or judge). A reward of orty dirhams to which
509 c -
a person is entitled for having brought a fugitive slave from the
distance of three days journey and upwards, and delivering him
up to his master. Jatal (from Ja-), Swarming with beetles.
Jutal, A beetle. Jutul, (pl. of J-jital) Cloths (with which
boiling kettles are taken off the fire).
A J-la-juelus (or J-juelas), Foolish, ignorant.
Af Ja-jaeli, Forged, false, counterfeit.
A -jaem (from ***) Keeping back. Muzzling (a camel).
(a man, a camel, or a dog). Wanting an appetite. Speaking
thick through a wide throat.
A **-jatam, A doating old woman. An old she-camel.
A 3,4-x-jazmarat, An ass when going to bite.
A ***-jutmuz, A miserly old man, hankering after meat.
A L--jazmus and jutmils, Dung.
A cr-jaen, The languor of a dying person.
A Q-a-jaanab, Short of stature. A dwarf.
Aja-a-jatanzar, A corpulent glutton.
A J-a-jazanfal, (J--jasanfalil) Swelled honey.
A 3x-jatic, A heap of camel's dung piled up with the hand.
A 3x-jukcat, A dark bay horse.
A ex-jutad (from Ax-) Being crisp, curly (hair).
A sex-jukudat, Curling. Foam at (a camel's mouth).
A_x=-jutr, (pl. of A-jaer) Excrements of birds or beasts.
AJ- jaf wal, A young ostrich.
A *-jaeilat, A dwarf palm-tree. A good work. Hire.
r -jagh, A yoke. The ebon-tree. Jugh, A yoke for oxen.
p 3,4- jaghrah, An esculent root. Bread made of millet.
A red paint used by ladies. A vault for storing up grain. The
navel of any beast. A quadruped. Name of a town in Persia.
P &\x-jaghalah, A flight of birds; their cry. Unripe fruit.
A --> --: shaghib jaghib, Exciting a tumult, seditious.
P -- jaghbat, A stuffed cushion. Raw cotton. Quilting.
r 3-k-jaghbit, A gut-pudding. Raw cotton for quilting,
P .xx-jughd, An owl. Battlements. Platted hair, e
r_*-jaghr, A frog.
P &\,x- jaghrabah, A kind of water-moss, -
P <2,4- jughrt, (In the dialect of Samarkand) Oxyagal.
G 4:3,4- jughrafiyah, (Tswygapix) Geography.
P ex-jughard, A shrubbery. A grass-plot. Verdure.
P 4-, - jaghristah, A spinning-rope. A reed made use of
by weavers to wind their thread upon.
P sft- jaghzwah, Water-moss.
P Ut-jaghash (or ---jaghasht), A particular esculent
vegetable which appears very early in the spring.
p & jughalah, A light of birds.
p ck-jaghang, Name of a bird.
r c--jaghnut, Cotton employed in lining.
P &-jaghnah, A large yellow bird with black eyes,
 <-3- 5 10

P -jaghu, A small owl. r &-jatak, A heron. Jutak, A sort of bird that is said
P & jaghah, A crest, a tuft worn upon the head. to have but one wing 5 x; on the opposite side to which the male

A C- ju, A troop, a body (of men). All. A prodigious has a hook, and the female a ring 85.7 so that when they fly they

number. An old man. Any thing hollow. The half of an old are joined, and separate only when they are on the ground.
leathern bottle, which they convert into a bucket. The branch, | p > S c--jut-gw, A yoke of ploughing oxen.
the dug-up root, or the envelope of the flower, of a palm-tree. Pe-jatan, To turn the mind. To be inclined, to be bent.
A s-c-jaf-a (from t-), Throwing prostrate. | To prop (a vine). To grow worse and worse (an affair).
A \-jaf (from 33-), Injuring, treating cruelly, unjustly. | p & jatah, Bent, curved. Wrinkled. Double. cupola,
A
Trouble, molestation, oppression, torment, violence, iniquity.
- .*
a vault. A prop, a vine-arbour. The roof of a house. A young
- - -
- -

A s-jaf-a (from 3-), Casting up sticks and straws upon vine-shoot. Juftah, The buttocks,the space between the haunches.
its bank (a river). Throwing up scum (a boiling pot).
A \-jaf-a (from 3-), Oppressing. Taking no care (of
one's property). Not staying in, or fitting (its) place. Taking
(the saddle off a horse's back). Cruelty, iniquity, injustice.
Jifa-a, (111 of 3-) Unsaddling (a horse). Ju-a, Whatever
a torrent carries along with it. Wainly, uselessly.
P <\-jaf-pashah, Tyrannical. (met.) A mistress.
A s-juat, (pl. of j-jf) Cruel, stern, fell, hard, austere.
Unjust, ungodly. Restless. Sinners.
P s-- jafa-joy, One who seeks to oppress.
A c- jaffakh, Vain-glorious ; an empty boaster.
A_j\-Jafar, Name of a vast desert, intersecting Egypt, Syria,
and Idumea. Jifar, (pl. of ,-jar) Kids, or lambs four months |
old. Five-year old camels. Big-bellied. (pl. of S,3-jurat),
Large circuits. Middles, centres. Name of a well in Najd.
A 3-13-afsat (from U-5-), Suffering from indigestion.
A s- jaff (from -i-jaffa), Being dried (a garment
that had been washed). Collecting together.
A &\-jutifat, Bents of hay or grass scattered about.
rj- jaf-kr, A tormentor, a tyrant, an oppressor.
P U--jaf-ksh, Cruel, severe. A persecutor. A large circumference, a circuit of country. Name of a place
A J-jual, Whatever a torrent sweeps along with it. Froth
of milk. Much wool; an entire fleece carefully picked up.
A JU-jufalat, Scum, which is taken off the surface of a boil
ing pot, slush. A multitude, a concourse of people.
P &\{-jaflah, A flight of birds.
A e-jian, (pl. of & jafnat) Vine-shoots. Trenchers.
Noble, liberal men. Small wells. Juffan, Scattered bents of hay.
A &-jaffat or juat, A multitude, a crowd of people. All. the tenth of Abbaside khalis; name of a palace there.
S-, &=-jaffatan wahidatan, (They came) in one body.
p c--jaft, Crooked (old man) bent, doubled. Wrinkled,
dried. Toasted, fried. A bunch of grapes. A trellis. The
roof of a house. ,<!-- jaft-i ballut, The inner rind of the
acorn. Jift, Double. A pair (male and female). Jut, A yoke.
A couple, a pair (of oxen). An even number; evenness. A fellow,
a match. A mate. 43 ,-3-jut-i falak, The sun and moon.
p \, :-jaft, Inclined, bent, curved.
P &A c--jufat-frid, A kind of fruit promoting venery.
r_j\- --jut-saz, One of the three kinds of music.
A kick made by an animal with his two hind feet. A knot. Run
ning together (the threads in cloth).
p 3 &-jutah-ras, A trellis. A cion, the shoot of a vine.
ruz- juti, Parity, equality. Coupling, pairing; copula.
J- ** ham jut?, Conjunction, union, equality.
tion.
p J-M-jafridan, To incline, to bend. To prop (a vine).
A isrjatja, High ground, though not very steep. Low
land. A violent wind.
A &s jaffafat (from Cisr o), Collecting. Holding, re
taining. A company of horsemen travelling leisurely along,
A *jaakh (from *), Being haughty. Making haste.
P_3=-jafr, Doe-skin parchment prepared for writing upon.
Aji=jafr (from -), Being spacious. Being distended (the
sides of the body). Growing (a lad, a foetus). A kid or lamb
four months old. A camel of five years, and having a big belly.
A large well, not fenced nor frequented. - U min jafrika,
On thy account. Jafar, The art of making amulets or charms.
A 5,3-jafrat, A large, uninclosed, unfrequented well. (em.
| of ji-jafr), A little kid. Jufrat, The middle, centre. A cavity.
in Basrall. As 3,4-jura-i lahd, A niche in a grave.
P & s- jafrastah, A pair of tongs. Jafristah, A weaver's
shuttle. An iron spindle passing through the shuttle; a bit of wood
for steadying that iron rod. A bottom on which thread is wound.
A 5,3-Jafary, A maker of amulets or charms.
A 5,5-jufurra', The envelope of the bud of the female palm.
A &ji= Jafariyat, Name of a city founded by Mutawakk
Aji- jafs, Quickness of pace.
A U-- jifs or jais, Degenerate, unworthy. Jats (from
U-ar), Being pained at the stomach, suffering from indigestion.
re-r--jafidan, To adhere, to be joined, connected.
*A U-jafasha, (fut. U yaifishu), He gently expressed
with the tips of the fingers.
*A*--jafaka, (fut. S--: yaifuku) He threw prostrate.
A J-jafi (from J-), Passing lightly, swiftly by: Backing
a (startled) horse. Voiding dung (an elephant). Peeling, strip
ping. Burning (straw, litter). Casting up (fish) on the shore
 L-
(the sea). Throwing prostrate. Being dishevelled (the hair). A
cloud raining water. A black ant. A ship. Jit, Elephant's dung.
A l-jaflat, Leafy (tree). Jutat, A single fleece.
A G- jafiak, An inclosure of pales, a palisade.
A J- jafala', Promiscuously, indiscriminately.
A ji-jah;Jim or jun, The sheath (of a sword). The eye
lid, the eye-lash. A vine. A vine-shoot.
A &-jafnat, A vine. A vine-shoot. A large dish, a wooden
saucer. A liberal man. Jafnat or junat, A small well. Jafnat,
Name of the first of the Ghassn kings who reigned in Syria.
P & jafnah, A scabbard. A large dish.
A 3-jafic (and 55%-jificat) (from 23-), Injuring, treating
harshly. A wrong, an injury. Cruelty, iniquity.
A y-jufur (from -), Becoming languid (a stallion).
A --juaf (from ~ -jaffa) Being dried (a garment
that had been washed). Collecting, gathering together.
A J- jaful, Cloud-impelling (wind). Fleet (courser).
Large (woman). Jufl (from J-), Passing rapidly along.
Casting (fish) upon the shore (the sea); driving (the clouds)
along (wind). Throwing prostrate. Being disordered (hair).
(pl.Ae-jufan,
of Ji-ja)(pl.
Black ants. Ships.
of c-jafn) (pl. of Scabbards.
Eye-lashes. J-jaal).Vines.
* A ri-jafir, A large quiver.
A U-23-fuays, Degenerated, unworthy.
. A*-jafiz, Swollen (carcase).
- A Q-i--jaff, Dry (herbage).
: A J-jafl, Green corn cut when it is high.
-- * .
A 4-3- Jufaynat, Name of a man. - |-
e
A 9-9
G-jakk (from C.
G-jakka), Voiding excrement (a bird).
f . A & jikkat, An old worn-out she-camel. - Thread. Jul, A horse-cloth. A veil (hung before a sanctuary).
** P <<-jak, A churn-stick. The sentence signed by the judge.
3% A wooden mallet used in taking son out of the pods. The
A fifteenth night of the wol. s slugin. - A J-jall, The sail of a ship. (from J-jalla), Collecting
P <!-jakshah (or *-jn), A porcupine.
* r & jakk, Grapes of an inferior quality.
P &J'K-jakalah, A drop. The leaf of a door.
jakar, Earth. Jihar, The liver. Harim. A babe.
- A 5,3-jikrat, Any thing necessary to be done.
|- p <!-jikari, Colour.
, * < 3-jukak, A certain bird smaller than a sparrow.
* Ps-jugd, The peak of a mountain. A small partridge.
Pw-jugrah, Different ways. Conflicting opinions.
* Pc---jagtibumistan, (in ancient Persian) To write.
*X-jigar, The liver. The midriff or diaphragm. The
heart. The middle of any thing. Sadness, sorrow. Pity, con-
passion, sympathy. Strong desire. Expectation. An ell. 2-
* Js jigar khrdan, To grieve, to be sorrowful. J-
jigar-i gil, The bowels of the earth, (metaphorically) the grave.
2- ve duruw-ijigar, A medicine or cure for the liver.
511 \-
r &ST rjigar-agand, The caul. Sheep's intestines stuffed.
P *X- jigar-band, The intestines, the bowels. The gullet.
A son. Any thing lean and weak.
P <!-jigar-balah, Name of an offensive weapon.
P ~5,3- jigar-tab, Diseased in the liver.
P &#92-jigar-titah (also & X-jigar-tatah), Suffering
from a hectic complaint. Any one deeply in love.
P <-2- jigar-tishnah, Thirsting, hankering, longing after.
PT. J-jigarji, A seller of liver and the like.
P sy-g-jigar-khrah, A magician, a sorcerer. A fabu
lous being. One deeply afflicted.
P\-j- jigar-s, Wearing away the liver, afflicting.
2 - - -- - - - a -
2 - - - -
rj-j- jigar-siz, Inflaming the liver or heart, tormenting.
P -se-; K-jigar-fusd, The disease of the liver.
P c-jigar-garm, Hectic. A passionate lover.
P <!-jigar-gshah, A corner, or the lobe of the liver.
The heart. (metaphorically) A son. J *-jigar-gsha
man, An affectionate mode of addressing a child.
P 42-jigranah, A kind of crane.
P e-A- jagrianitan, (in ancient Persian) To strike.
P -- jagari, Mustard-seed.
r_w -
Name of an herb. Jigri or
jugri, The red currant. Jigari, Partaking of the nature of liver
as colour; livid. s- -Gic takik-i jigari, A cornelian.
P &\e -- jigari-dagh, An indelible stain or mark. Any na
tural spot.
Inconsolable grief.
- P J- J-jagijagi, A cry of fear.
= , = . - -
P <-jagijah, A pot for containing grease.
-
al, The inside, or (according to others) the outside, of
* J-ya, ne nte, c
the mouth. The midst of the sea. A lark. A handle, hilt, haft.
t 3 J-jul-i bak, A green film which floats on stagnant ponds.
*J-jala, (fut. Jyajillu), He was illustrious. -
(camel's dung). Jalla, He shone in majesty or glory, an epithet
frequently alluded to in the name of God, as, J-2 J-4.
allahu jalla wa &ala', The glorious and the most high God;
(synonymous to which are &W-J-jallajaliluhu and J- .C.-
&L. hakk-i jalla shanuhu). Jill, The stalk or reed of corn.
Coarse, rude. A coarse sheet or other stratum of linen. Jull,
| A housing, or covering for a horse. A veil, carpet, or covering.
The principal part of a thing. *A- ,J-jull-i askirihi,
The greater part of his army. (from P Jgul), A rose.
AW-jal, Baldness on the forehead. Name of a man.
A k-jal-a, Any thing clear and distinct. Emigration, exile.
Jil-a (from :-), Leaving one's country. Driving into exile.
Scouring, cleaning, wiping, polishing. Making clear. Gazing
with delight on a bride unveiled. Splendour, polish. A colly
rium which gives a lustre and clearness to the eye. A title of ho
nour. P. e J, A-jil-i watan Kardan, To quit one's country.
 Y-
A \-jil-a, (111 of 12-) Opposing, withstanding openly.
r )-jalb, A cluster ear-ring. Procrastinated, delayed.
Jilab, Muddy water. Julb, Name of a river.
A -k-jilb, (III of 4+) Assisting.
r )-julb or jullb, Any purgative,julap, sherbet. ,--
es fullb-i shakkarin, Sweet julap.Jullb, Beer.
A c-jallab, One who draws or drags very much.
A \}= julaba, Name of a root.
A -jalbib, (pl. of ~\!-jilbb) Ladies' veils.
A Ja-k-jaljil, (pl. of J-jujub Bells, small globular bells
hung about the heads and necks of cattle, or round the rims of
Arabian drums or cymbals. Name of a place. Juljil, (An ass)
braying loud and clear. Anything sounding clear.
A c-jilh, (111 of **) Being proud and severe towards
each other. Contending with vehemence. Shewing hatred.
Julah, A torrent undermining and carrying off. Jallah, A priest.
A t-julkh, A river filling its bed Trenching. A digger.
A c-jild, (III of Al-) Fighting with swords. (pl. of Al
jalad) Hard and level grounds. (pl. of $32-jaldat) Camels
yielding very rich milk. Large and hard palm-trees.
A c-jallad, Cruel, hard-hearted. An executioner.
p sele A-jil-ddah, Polished, burnished, made glossy,
A e-jaladat (from Al-), Being hard and strong. Being
swift. Being covered with rime. Hardness. Activity. Bravery.
j, c- 2\a-) ansr-i jaladat-shizr, Brave soldiers.
A c-juldih, Long.
AfJel-jalladi, The office of executioner. Cruelty.
A j-jilz, The nerves of a camel's neck (which they twist
round bows, the handles of knives, and the like).
P sj-jilsah, A key in music.
A U-)-jilas, (III of U-4-) Sitting with another. Jullas,
of U-J- jalis) Those who sit, sitters.
(pl.
A-jilat, (111 of al-) Opposing by stratagem, deceiving.
A -jile, (III of-a-) Talking obscenely together. Fight
ing, squabbling at a drinking-bout, or at the gaming-table.
A Ack-julitid, A strong, robust camel.
A -jilgh, (111 of t-) Laughing with the teeth exposed.
Fighting with drawn swords.
A & W-jalfat, Meanness.
A}}-jalifax, Hard and strong.
p : \-jalak, Swift, expeditious. An eye-salve.
r_<!-jil-gar, A book-binder. A polisher. A glass-grinder.
A smoother or presser of cloths.
A C-jalal (from J-jalla), Being great, illustrious, exalted
in dignity and majesty. Majesty, glory, dignity, greatness, power.
A pretext. J-2 s- jah wa jalal, Dignity and eminence.
Js" 23 zl jalal wa'l ikrm, Glorious and honourable.
g J-Jallied din, (Glory of religion) name of a cele
brated king of Persia, from whom the new Persian era called
512 -->
J- jalaiy, takes its name. <!-- ex min jalilika, From
reverence or regard to you. Jilal, (pl. of J- jull) Housings,
horse-coverings. Jull, Great, illustrious.
A )-jallat (from Ja-jalla), Being great and illustrious.
Growing old. Being too young to bear (a maid or a heifer).
A )-jullat, A large she-camel.
A&M-jallalat, A cow that eats dung and spoils her milk.
A &W-Jalliyat, Name of a sect who worship the more ter.
rible attributes of the deity. The followers of 45+. J-a-
Sayyid Jalal Bukhry. A kind of pigeon.
A l-jilm, (pl. of 4-jalam) Kids.
A 2-4-jalmd, (pl. of &al-jalmad and of ex~jalmd)
Rocks, large stones. Harsh, cruel men. Name of a place.
P <<\-jalnak, Name of a certain game.
*A*-jin-gar, (vulg-chilingar) A lock-smith.
P &\-julnah, A beetle.
Pe-jalndan, To cause to gnaw. To urge forward.
p >\-jitw, A wheel.
A $32%-jalwizat, (pl. of j-jilws) Serjeants or attendants
on the collectors of revenue.
A s-jilh, (pl. of al-jalh) Opposite banks of rivers,
p*\-jullh, A weaver of the Muhammadan religion. A fool,
a blockhead. Dancing to the clashing of arms or of cymbals.
A c-julhie, Unwholesome, injurious to the health.
A G-julahik, A musket-ball. A weaver.
A J- jala-il, (pl. of J- jalil) Great (things). Certain
plants smaller than wheat, from which a composition is made for
closing chinks in houses.
SkA 4-jalaba, (fut. -*. yajlibu or yajlubu) He drew.
A ---jalb or jalab (from --), Drawing, attracting, cap
tivating. Exciting, raising a clamour. Following (a horse) be.
hind, and driving him up. Going from place to place (with
slaves, cattle, or other goods). Julb or jilb, A thin cloud without
rain. The curved timbers of camel's saddles. Julb, The slough
of a serpent. Jalab, (Cattle) driven from place to place for sale.
Sounds, clamours, the mixed murmurs of men and other things.
A drover, a cattle-dealer. Gain. A governor or bash recently
appointed from the seraglio, and unacquainted with the world.
P l-jalab, A courtezan. A kind of apricot. A drum.
r-jalba, The beam to which the bucket-rope is fastened.
A \-julab, (pl. of ---jalib) Slaves carried to market.
* -jilbab, A pavilion or awning of net-work for keep
ing off flies. A decrepit man. Julbb, A fillet for the head.
A -\-jilbab, A long veil or shift worn by the Eastern ladies.
P J-jalbb, Decrepitude.
AAA- julubbr, The sheath of a sword. The edge of a swor".
A5. ... s-julbf-i shangar, Red tulips. Roses.
A J-julbn, Pease, beans.
A 3-1-jalbabat (from --~~ q), Putting on a veil.
 -
S -
A -julbat, The cuticle which grows over a wound when
healing. Leather used for camels' saddles.
der or of a cloud separated from the rest. A part of proven
A flourishing shrub.
A heap of stones (blocking up the way). Adversity.
Hunger. Jalabat, Sounds, clamours, mixed murmurs. Scarcity.
Az-jilbah, A deformed little old woman. A serious mishap.
A s-jalbadat, The neighing of horses.
Aj-julabis, Strong, robust.
A 3-4-jalbasat (for &als khalbasat) Flight.
r J-julbil or julbul, An ornamented canopy over the zer
hawdaj or camel's litter, in which the Eastern ladies travel.
A cl-jalabalak (or c-jalambalak), The sound made
by great gates when opening or shutting.
rl- jalbu, A certain plant resembling mint.
: P x-jalbub, Ivy.
* <<!-jilbahang,--- The seed of a yellow flower.
A J-jalba', (pl. of jalib) (Slaves) carried to market.
rj-jallis, An informer, a make-bate. A halter.
A&l-jalat, A baldness on the fore-part of the head. Jallat,
The orbicular dung (of camels or sheep). Jillat, Old (man or
camel). Jullat, A date-basket (made of palm-leaves).
skA ~!-jalata, (fut. --!>: yajlitu) He struck.
P --jalta, (in ancient Persian) The skin of man or beast.
P J-jallak, Wild sorrel.
**fal, Break of day. Glori jaiwan skull.
A ls jaiji, A village, an unfortified town.
A --jiljab (and **), Old and decrepit (man).
A *jalaja, The head, he skull.
J*jajal or jiljal, A bell. The bells of a tambourine.
P
A J*juljul, Little bells appended to the neck (of a camel);
also those which are hung round about the rim of a tambourine.
A thunder-cloud. Light, airy, cheerful.
* J-s juljulan, Coriander-seed. Seed of the grain sasa
mah. The heart-strings, the innermost recesses of the heart.
r- r jujulin- habashiy, Seed of the black poppy.
rac *juljulin- misry, The Egyptian lotus.
AJ<!- jalj
s alat (from J- 0), Striking with the hand,
touching with the fingers (cymbals, castanets, or a tambour de
basque). Roaring (thunder).
*:A *jalala, (fut. *yalahu) (He) browsed (the tree).
A *jail. (from
*), Cropping (as cattle the leaves of
**): Bald before or behind. Julh, (An ox) without horns.
Jalah (from **) Being bald on the forehead. Baldness.
\
\-
** * Jan
Jalha
-a, Name of a place two leagues from Basrah.
A -*jitha, (or *jithaba), A decrepit old man.
513 el
Aj-jilh. (or j- jilhaz), Narrow-minded, covetous.
A 94-jilht, Hairy, shaggy, extremely rough.
A g-jilhs, Hairy, shaggy, and large.
A J- jilhan, Narrow-minded, tenacious, covetous.
A -*jathan (or *jathabao, A decrepitold man.
A *jalahat, The forehead and temples.
Aj4- jilhaz, Old, decrepit (man).
A r jalahti, A country destitute of trees.
A a-- jilihz, Large-bodied and hairy.
U-4-jihisa, Hard, rough ground. Large and shaggy.
A
A
**alamat (from -4- Q), Twisting a rope.
A eilan, A varicious, stingy, narrow-minded.
A 2-jalkh, Filling its bed (a river).
Cleaving, cutting (the
earli). Throwing prostrate. Striking the belly. Defiling (a
damsel). Lengthening (any thing).
|- jala
A sixs khda', Idle, slothful, good for nothing.
us jal
A - akh ta, Ground without trees.
A asjilikhs, Hairy, and at the same time bulky.
a *.*Jalakhmad, Thick.
PAl-jald, Quick, swift, speedy, brisk. Mastupration.
A M-jald (from Al-), Striking, lashing, whipping. Throw
ing down, laying sprawling. Forcing (a woman). Skinning (a
camel). Hard, severe (man). Quick, active, brisk. Jild, A
skin, a hide, leather. A volume, a book. Juld, Hardness. (pl. of
J-1 aflail), Hari. Jalad, Strength. Hardness. Hard level
ground. The firmament, the expanse of heaven. A large camel,
that neither breeds nor gives milk. A sheep whose foetus died in
the birth. The skin of a camel's colt (stuffed and placed before
the mother, who, thinking it alive, gives milk plentifully, or
suckles the young of another camel).
A\,\!-julad, (pl. of Al-jalid) Hard. Active.
A --Al-jaldab, Hard. Strong.
P}\, J-jald-bz, Expeditious, quick, fleet, hasty.
| Al-jald-bz, Haste, speed, dispatch.
P
p Al Al-jald bajald, Quickly, speedily.
A sea-jaldat (from Al-), Scourging, whipping. A camel
yielding very rich milk. (A sheep) neither breeding nor giving
milk. Jildat, Hard, level ground. A large camel destitute of
milk and offspring. A single skin.
P ** Al-jald-kadam, Swift of foot, fleet.
r; al-jild-gar, A book-binder.
Pzy- J-jald-mizj, Hasty, precipitate, passionate.
Pl- jald, Reward, price Place, room, stead.
pss-jaldi, Speed, haste, expedition, quickness, swiftness.
3 U

A-
A sel-julda, Difficult work. Strong camel. Quick pace.
A 3-julz, (pl. irreg. 3-(-c manjiz) A mole.
A "3-jilz-a, Hard, uncultivated ground.
A $.3-jilz-at, A particle of such earth.
A e'3- Jilzn, Name of a grove near Taif in Arabia.
A -53'-jukiy, Robust, thick (camel). A violent pace.
Ajs- jal: (from A-), Folding, enveloping, twisting round.
Extending. Laying or letting down. The thicker part of the
teeth; the semicircle on the lower part. An expeditious travel
ler. The handle of a whip, wrapped round with a sinew.
A *}=-jal--a, Hard, coarse (ground).
P -jalsard, An excellent kind of clay.
A U-1-als (from Ll), Sitting down. Ascending to a hill
country. Hard, rough ground. Compact (camel, tree, or honey
comb). (A woman) keeping close at home. High (ground).
Av-jils; A companion, a comrade, a messmate.
P |-- jalsa, Scattered wood.
A U-1-Julas, (pl. of v--jais) Companions, fellows.
A <---jalasat, (pl. of &--jalsat) Sittings, meetings.
A. J-A- \--Jals-khatibi, The sitting down of the khatib
(preacher) between the readings of the first and second khutbah.
A * -jitsn, (equivalent to birsam) A pleurisy.
A e-la-Julasan (from P J-s gulistn), A rose-garden.
A &-la-jalsat (or 4-4-jalsah), A sitting, a meeting; society.
Posture, situation, seat, post, state, bearing. Jilsat, A mode of
sitting. Julasat, Sedentary.
A 3-2- Jalsad, Name of an ido,
|-|-jalata (fut. !--- Jajlitu) He lied.
sk A
A!--jalt (from !--), Drawing (a sword). Throwing away
(arms). Swearing; lying. Shaving (the head), Flaying (a doe).
A U--jalt, Loose (tooth).
A l-jultat, Thick milk. -
A. Wal-jits, IIard, coarse, uncultivated (ground).
skA t- jalaza, (fut. t: Jajlagu) He talked obscenely.
Being open (the mouth), uncovered (the teeth).
A s-jalie, Obscene. Inverted-lipped. Conspicuous,
A **-jalabat, A vicious camel.
A c-jaleid, A strong robust camel.
A -*-jalab (or J-4-jaleiba'), An untractable camel.
A J-4-jakably, one who has a piercing eye.
A 34-jalead, Hard, firm (thing). Name of a place.
A la-la--jalattit, Thick milk.
A 8-|x-jalaelae, (julatlat, julula; or &la= jalatlatat),
An untractable camel. A hedgehog. A beetle. A hyena.
A c-jakam, Impudent.
>}: A 8-|-jalagha, (fut. t yajlughu) He cut (with a sword).
A &\- (~'; nbun) jalgha-u, An old she-camel.
P s}}<!-jalghsah, A nut resembling the pistachio.
A - jalf (from -), Peeling. Cutting. Plucking.
514
c
Scraping (mud from off anything). Jil; A vessel, a jar, a re.
pository. (An animal) embowelled and skinned, with the feet
cut off. Severe, hard, unjust. Mean, base. A Iniser.
A &l-jalat, Hurt, damage, destruction.
A 5A*-jaladat, Any thing (horses for instance) carried for
sale from country to country, without profit.
Aj- jalfaz (or j- jalfazzz), A misfortune. Distressed.
A wrinkled old woman. Strong. A hardy old she-camel.
A &la-jalfatat (from ** Q), Careening (a ship).
P & jalah (for *- jalwah), A curtain behind which the
bride sits. A dance (especially one of a circular figure per
formed by darwshes). A starched, mincing step. Jilfah, A little
board for nibbing pens upon. An Arabian horse of a noble race.
Foolish, rash, fool-hardy.
t c-jalk, The crime of mastupration.
P c-julk, The thousand and eightieth part of an hour.
A c-jalak (from c-), Shaving (the head). Making con
spicuous. Laughing with the mouth wide open.
P <<!-jalak, Name of a small sweet-voiced bird.
P w- jalkarah, Opposite ways, contrary opinions.
hAl- jalkar, (s Sf U) Revenue raised from farming
out lakes and rivers, for fisheries and the like.
A J-jalal, A vast and momentous affair. A light and trifling
concern. -- cr min jalalika, On thy account. Julal, (pl.
of J-julla') Difficult and important affairs.
*A 4-jalama, (fut. *: Jajlimu) He cut.
A *-jalm (from **), Cutting (flesh off the bones). Shaving.
Shearing. Jilm, The tallow of sheep. Jalam, Any cutting in
strument. A she-goat. A kid. A flock, a species of cattle with
long feet, and without hair (frequently met with in Taif in
Arabia). A mark made upon a camel (by burning). The moon
(particularly the new moon when first appearing). Julam, A"
arrow without wings, used in drawing lots.
P 4- Jilm, Name of a country in the Panjab.
A.Wal-jalms, A cucumber.
A val-jilmz, One who desires any thing.
A J- jilmak, The sinew of a cannel (which they twist round
a bow to strengthen it).
A. rev- jalamni, (dual) Two knives kept in one case.
A &al- jalmat, The entire carcase (of a slaughtered beast).
Julmat, The lopping of a tree. Jalamat, (A sheep) skinned,
drawn, with the head and trotters cut off. The bank of a *
A. <!-jalmad, A huge stone. A stern man. Many cauels,
A seal- jalmadat, A hard, rough, severe man.
A}}<!- jalmatiz, A. she-camel both hard and fat.
A&l=<!-- jalmatat (from |aa = Q), Shawing (the head).
A &-jalmakat (from c- Q), Warping (a bow) with gut.
* ~ *- jalmak, (in the dialect of Gln) A wart.
A ex- jalmud, A great stone, a rock, A stern, seve" u)All
- -
 2'-
A c-jalan, The sound of a pair of folding doors when strik.
ing against each other (the one called jalan, the other balak).
Ajul- julnar (from rjus' gulnr), Pomegranate-flowers.
A c-jalambak, The slamming together of folding doors.
A
c-sil-julanjabin, Conserve of roses inade with honey.
A *::sil- jalanjuyah, Pennyroyal.
A c-jalandah, Heavy, noxious, unwholesome.
A 3-x-jalandahat, Strong, hardy (she-camel).
A **- jalanda', A slothful worthless man.
A c--julnisrin (re- Jgul nisrin), sweet-briar.
A J- jalanza, Broad-shouldered.
A s- jalanfat, Dry bread without meat.
A t-jalanfae, Corpulent, big-bellied (camel).
r = <!-jiling, The jingling of chains and the like. A kind
of cloth wrought with gold and silver. A common name for cu
cumbers, gourds, melons, and the like. A shrimp.
p :- jalaw, A horse-bridle. A horse led for parade. Jalu,
A roasting-spit. Brisk, saucy. Ill-tempered.
A}- jilaw, A rein. Retinu equipa
A 9-jalei,(fem, of A- ajlae,')cour t, ge.
Unclouded (sky). The meet
ing of the bride and bridegroom (in presence of the relations).
A c-jilicit, (pl. of $32-jilizat), Splendours.
A {}=-jilwkh, A wide valley filled with water.
P c- jalwad, An ill-temper, a bad disposition.
Aj}-jilwz, A serjeant or attendant on the collector of tri
bute or revenue. Spearmen, halberdiers.
A *** jalubat, Any thing brought from any place for sale.
A 35- jilicat, julicat, or jalveat, (commonly *- jilwah)
Splendour. The nuptial bed; also the place where the bride sits
adorned and unveiled (in which situation she is seen only by her
husband). A female servant presented by the bridegroom to
the bride. An affected, airy, mincing step. Turning round with
a rapid circular motion (a kind of religious ceremony performed
by an order of Muhammadan monks). r e-le *:- jilwah da
dan, To dress (a bride). To adorn, to adjust, to polish.
P --->|-jali. (jilu or julu) chub, A wooden spit.
P &\s- jalu-khanah, An antichamber, out-house, office.
**-jalid, A city. A village.
Aex- julud, Valour, agility. (pl. of Al-Jild) Skin s, hides.
A ex- Jallad, Name of a village in Africa.
*A*
S-ja
-juli-
lddr , An atte
at (fr t, a cour
A-)ndanBei ier, gro
stro a streom.
A om , ng ng; ngth, agility.
A ***-juldy, A tann er, a curr ier, or dea ler in skins.
A*}-jalawwas, Hard and thick.
*A*-jali-res, Full speed, the greatest expedition.
Aj}- jillawz (from P *}x}-jalghazah or jilghzah), A fil
berdm
A %-j.alw pistachio-nut. A mountain-almond. Robust, strong.
A aza sergt, A
eant, anatte
ndant on thecollector.
P *}}- jaluzah, (for *j- jalghazah) The pistachio-nut.
515
J
--
A J-julis (from Lr), Sitting, sitting down to table.
The beginning of a reign, the accession to the throne, the coro
nation. (Men) sitting together. Jy ~~~ "L-julus-i
satadat ma-nus, The august and glorious accession. P J--
Jjulus kardan, To sit, to sit down. To ascend the throne.
J--julisi), Belonging to the beginning of a reign.
- A
A -jalit, Impudent.
A 83- julut (from s-), Being unveiled (a woman's face).
A -julu (pl. of -i-jilf), Magazines. Empty butts.
A J-julul (from J-jalla), Being banished, living in exile.
(pl. of J-jall) The sails of ships.
A}- Jalula, Name of a city in Arabian Irk.
P*}- jalwand, A lamp, a candle.
P -jalunak, The stalks of melons, cucumbers, &c.
P s- jilwah-gh, The bride's apartment, in which she is
first unveiled by her husband. The world. (See $52-jilicat).
r; ;- jilwah-gar, Splendid, conspicuous.
P
-jilisah-gari, Conspicuity, splendour. Blandishment.
P -- jalw?, A mincing conceited gait. Suite, attendance.
P *:- jalwd, A picked, draughted soldier. A cucumber
bed, the sprouting of cucumbers. A sycophant, a worthless fellow.
r}}|- jaliciz, A rascal. A bridle-rein. A picked, chosen
soldier. A cucumber-bed. Jilwiz, A. sycophant, an informer.
Julwiz, A commander of infantry. A mercenary judge.
A 4- jalh (from 4-), Carrying away (gravel). Expe
riencing a partial loss of hair on the forehead. The opposite
bank of a river, Jalah, A partial baldness.
r 4-jilah, A silken cord to a bow. Julah (for 43 gulah),
A ball for a balista or other warlike engine. A ball (of thread).
Jillah (or 4- chillah), The forty days of Lent, during which
the religious fraternities in the East shut themselves up in their
cells, or remain at home. Forty days of winter (during which
the weather is most severe). Forty days after childbirth. A puff,
a fuzzball. Jullah, A weaver. A fungus. A basket, a ca
nister. A ball of thread. A date-tree. A jar, a drinking vessel.
The time during which a woman keeps her bed after childbirth.
A c-jilhb, A low place, a valley.
A le- jalhani, (dual of 4-jalh) Both sides of a river.
A 54-jalhazat (from 54- Q), Giving up (a study) or for
getting anything once well known.
r-jalham, A sort of buck-thorn. Julhum, A large mouse.
A
A *4-julhamat and jalhamat, The side or course of a river
or valley. Strength, hardness. Affliction. Felicity. A great
thing, an important affair.
A -->4-julhub, Thick-legged or large-kneed (woman).
A 2,4-julham, A great body of men.
P J-jalhi, The young of any quadruped.
AJ-jay, Clear, manifest, evident. Bright, shining, re
splendent. Large, plain (hand-writing). J- .J.a3 fast-ijally,
3 U 2
 - 516 - \*-
A season before the commencement of the rains in which a crop cient king of Persia. J) * aljammu'lghafir, A great mul.
of rice is cut (in India). J- 5 Js- khafiy wa jaliy, Hidden and | titude.
discovered. Jea) Q-jaliyu's sadr, Most eminent, supreme. PV-Jam, Name of king Solomon. (CAstellus.)
A. J- julla, An important, momentous affair. A V-jam, The swell of the breasts, or other parts of the
A ---julib, (A slave) carried about for sale. body. A little swelling, a pimple. A quantity, portion. Any
A & jaliyat, (fem, of J- jaliy) Clear, manifest. Lucid. thing unconnected. Motion (of an embryo, &c.). A collection.
A \- jamm, (fem, of -- ajamm) Unadorned (woman).
A s--jalit (for *-jalid) Hard and active.
Unarmed (man). (A sheep) without horns, dodded. (A build
r & jalid, A picked soldier. A cucumber-bed.
ing) without battlements. (A woman) having round elbows.
A s-jalid, Hard. Nimble, quick. Frost, hoar-frost, ice. A "V jamman, In a heap, in a crowd, pell-mell.
The expanse of sky. A * jam-a (or $*-), Body, individual existence.

Pe-jalidan (and e- chalidan), To pick a bone, to A -v- jamjim, (pl. of & s jumjumat) Skulls. (met.)

gnaw with the teeth. To use expedition in any thing, to make haste. Chieftains
Wooden cups. Wells sunk in brackish places.
p :-)-jalidah, A bone-ring worn by archers on the thumb. A c-jamah (from 2-), Being restive, refractory (a horse).
rj-jalis, A halter. A sycophant, a mischief-maker. Running fast. Eloping from (her) husband (a woman), and
A U-4-jalis, A companion, a comrade, a guest, a chum. going to (her) friends. Throwing (one hock-bone against ano
a &l-A-jalitat, A sword dropping out of the sheath. ther) so as to drive (it) from (its) place (a boy). Jummah, A
A i-jalf, Ray, darnel or tares. round-headed arrow, (with which boys learn to shoot). Soldiers
A 3.4-jalifat, Loss of property, scarcity, wretchedness. flying (from battle).
. A J-jalil, Coarse, rough, gross, inaccurate. A plant with P t- jamakh, The bit of a bridle.

which they close up chinks. A tale-bearer. Great, glorious, A c-jimakh, (III of 2-) Vying with another.
illustrious. j) J-jalilu'l kadr, (J) J-jalilu'sh'shan A. c-jammkh, Proud, vain-glorious.
and e);-) J-jaliltmisin), High in dignity, august, illus- A ev-jamd (from A^-), Dying, withering, drying. A dry
trious. Je) J-jalilu'littibar, In high estimation. J- season. (Ground) unwatered with rain. (A camel) wanting
_\xi}\Jalilu'l iktidar, Most powerful. milk. Any thing not growing or increasing; a fossil. Jimid,
P Ja-julyl, A horse-cloth. A covering for a camel-litter. (pl. of ~~~jumd and jumud) High fortified places.
A &= jalilat, A single (camel's) foal dropt at a birth. A A c-ev-jamdt, (pl. of eu-jamd) Minerals, fossils.
large pulm laden : f l, sand it a & ut-jamdi lahu, May ill-luck attend him!
A &!-jalh, A place cleared of gravel, sand, or grit. A seve-jumda', (jamada or **- jamza), Name of
P --Jam, N ame off an ancient
ient king
king of Persia,
ersia, whom they
y con two months (the fifth and sixth) of the Arabian year. J} Je
found with Bacchus, Solomon, and Alexander the Great. He
jumada'! awaal (or J.' ula'), Jumada the first, A-U) sea
is the subject of much fable; almost the whole circle of the arts
jumdal akhir (or ~5- ukhra'), Jumda the second.
and sciences being supposed to be invented by him, or Pythagoras, A **- jamdly, Inanimate (as fossils).
whom they make his prime minister. The cup of Jamshd, called
jm-i jam, (discovered, they say, filled with the Elixir of Im A j- jamr, A crowd. Jimr, A tomb-stone. (pl. of 52
mortality when digging for the foundations of Persepolis) is more jamrat), Small stones (thrown in the solemnities of Mecca). Jun
famous in the East than even the cup of Nestor among the Greeks; mar, The pith of a palm-tree; also that of the colocynth.
furn ishing the poets with numberless allegories and allusions to A J J-jamrun nahri, (equivalent to Je" jr jrun
wine, the philosopher's stone, divination, enchantments, and the nahri), Name of a plant resembling the water-lily. (BURHAN)
A t*- jamara, In crowds or heaps.
like. See el- jam. Jam is also used as an epithet of King
Solomon, particularly when mention is made of his minister or rj-jammz, A glance. A beast of prey. A robber.
his seal; of Paris and Diws. The pupil of the eye. The second Ajl jammz (or Sj-jammzat), A dromedary, a camel.
of the ten intelligences. Pure, exempt. Essence, nature, person. A Sj-jumzat, A woollen waistcoat.

p,5-jum, The moon. re), j- jamma--wan, A camel-keeper or leader.

-janma, (fut. ,< yajimmu) (The water) abounded.
:k A P sj-jamsah, jumazah, or jammzah, A dromedary.

A -jamm (from -jamma), Cutting off. Resting, recruit- P :-- jam-isparm, Name of a certain creeping plant.
ing his strength (a jaded horse). Filling (a measure), augment- r J- jamash,
also jammsh, The turn of the eye and -

ing its volume. Water collected, or flowing into a well. Much, stretched-out neck (of rapacious birds or robbers when going to
abundant, inexhaustible. Multitude, concourse. Name of an an- | seize their prey). An amorous glance. Cheerful, sprightly. A
 C---- 517
*
deceiver, a cheat. Bold. Drunken. Jollity, mirth, impudence.
Drunkenness, revelry. Fierceness. Decorating, adorning.
A Jv- jammsh, One who toys with women, a dangler.
A t- jim, (111 of 8-4-) Consenting, agreeing. Collect
ing, joining. Concubitus, coitus. A collection. All, universal.
A multitude, the sum total, the whole. A large cauldron. &\-
rjinia'i ism, Wine. Jummit, A mixed crowd of men.
Aizu-jameat, A crowd, a troop, a body. A heap or col
lection of any thing inanimate. A meeting, assembly, senate,
council, congregation. A faction. ex: ~e- jamzat-i
gahd, A Jews' synagogue. ~c- Je mafruz-ijumtat,
The prayers prescribed to be said in the larger mosques.
A J- jaml (from J-), Being fair, comely, becoming.
Elegance, beauty, decorum. JV- ~~\e shib-i jaml, En
dowed with elegance, beautiful. S-jamlaka, Take care
of your behaviour. Jimal, (111 of J.-) Treating handsomely, jumud, A high fortified place. Jamad, Ice, jelly. (pl. of
kindly, courteously. (pl. of Ja-jamal), Full-grown camels. **-jmid) Congealed, consistent. Rigid, stiff. Inanimate
P Ju- jumal, Beauty, elegance (of form).
A J- jammal, A camel-owner. Jummal, Very handsome.
A-\-jimlt, (pl. of J-jamal) Full-grown camels.
A l- jimalat, A troop of he-camels without females, (pl.
of Ja-jamal), Full-grown camels. Jammalat, Camel-owners.
* < \a- Jimlug (or <! J-), Name of a famous robber.
A J-jamlly, A kind of musk-melon (red-fleshed). Ju
maly, Large, strong (camel or man).
A *-jamm (from -jamma), Resting (a fatigued horse).
Rest. A heaped-up measure of corn. Jimm (from -jamma),
Abounding (water in a well). Flowing. Being filled (a mea
sure; a vase). A measure of dry goods, containing 15lb. (pl. of
*-jammat), Reservoirs. Jumam, A heaped-up measure.
P J-jumn, A kind of wood, the exterior of which is black,
and the inside of a pistachio-green.
A Ju- jumn, A pearl. A globule of silver resembling a
pearl. A belt or girdle of leather adorned with gems or beads.
Jammn, Heaped-up (measure).
**-jumnah, The middle, the midst.
P ju- jamni, A cup-bearer.
A j- jummnzy, Long-haired (man).
Azv-jamhr, (pl. of 3:4-jumhr) Republics, common
wealths. 94. J-jamahir-i nasara, The Christian republics.
A s-jam-ie, (pl. of *-*-jamie) Collective bodies.
A J-jam-il, (pl. of J-jamal) Full-grown camels. have the singular property of preventing those who drink out of
A *-jammat, A reservoir of water. A crowd, a troop. A them from being intoxicated, and also of causing pleasant dreams.
multitude, plenty. Jummat, A crowd. He who asks the pretium
sanguinis for a slaughtered kinsman. Hair flowing over the
shoulders. The part of the head where the hair is collected or
tied up, especially the forehead. The knotty parts of plants
whence the flowers spring.
P- jamtud, Exulting in, reviewing with complacency
any good deeds which have been wrought by one's self.
C--
A_3:4-jumsr, Earth or dust heaped up.
P sus jam-jah, A place of assembly. Imperial.
A.J.s jamjal, The flesh which is in the middle of a shell.
P ***Jumjum, A cotton shoe (worn by dervishes.)
A &t-s jamjamat, (from --- o) Muttering. Jumjumat,
The skull. A wooden cup. A well dug in a brackish place,
A *jamh (from 2-), Being refractory, vicious (horse),
Running away (as a wife from her husband to her relations,
without leave). Throwing (one huckle-bone against another).
A *jamkh (from **), Being proud.
AJ3 s jumkhr, Hollow (reed, or any thing similar).
* A 3-t-jamada, (fut. Mr yajmudu) The water froze.
A \- jamd (from A^-), Freezing, congealing (water, or
blood). Being frozen-hearted, unfeeling. Ice. Jumd or
things, fossils. PU-23-f-jamad-i chini, Native alkaline salt.
A s- jumada, Cold weather. The month Jumada'.
A 2-jamr (from Pr), Giving (to any person) a live coal.
Averting, warding off. Live coals.
r_j} > -jamarbr (); /*-janrayr or Jj-jamzivar),
A horse whose face, belly, and legs are white.
A 3,4-jamrat, One live coal. An eruption, the prickly heat.
Gravel, or small pebbles. A troop, especially a body of 1000
horse. A tribe made up from several. A sacred solemnity or
peregrination performed in the valley of Mina, near Mecca, in
which they defy and throw stones at a figure representing the
devil. 3,4-> 52. samrat wa jamrat, Good and bad.
r 3,4-jamrah or jimrah, Vapours, warm exhalations rising
out of the earth in the spring of the year.
f s-jamri, jumri, or jimri, Poor, vile, mean.
Aja-jamz (from j-), Travelling quick (a camel).
Ajja-jumzz (or ja-jumzat), A lump of dates.
Aeye-jumzn, A species of the date.
A 52-jamasa', (common gender) Fleet (camel or horse).
PU_*-jams, Ice. Jams, also jamas. A rising ground in a
garden. Earth heaped round the roots of vines.
A 3-t-jumsat, Half-ripe dates.
A c-- jamast, jamsat or jamist, A kind of turquoise or
coarse blue gem, found near Madina, cups of which, it is alleged,
A low illiterate man.
P ft-t- jamasfarim, A species of sweet basil.
A U-- jamsh (from U-4-), Shaving (the head), making
bare. Milking with the tips of the fingers, Flattering, sooth
ing; toying, playing. A low voice, a soft sound.
p U--jamash, An eye-glance. The turn of the eye and out
stretched neck (of rapacious birds when going to seize their prey).
 S- 518 _5-t

* Q-- jamshd, Moon-light. Name of a Persian king. madans when they assemble in the great mosque. Jumutat, A
r --- Jamshsb, Name of Solomon and of Jamshed. week. -

r 5-i-jamshk (or << *-jamshak), A shoe.
P <-- Jimshirik, The back-bone. The buckle of a belt.
P &t-- Jamshed, Name of a Persian king. See *-jan.
res." A.4-jamshed-mah? (or, s , Q--jamshed-i
mhi-gir), The sun in Pisces. Solomon. The prophet Jonas.
P J-- Jamshedun, Solomon, Alexander; a Persian king.
*A*-*-jamata, (fut. *-** yajmazu) He collected.
A *-jam't (from *-*~), Collecting, assembling. Contain
A *-jamaad, Stones collected together, or piled up.
r_j\exas- jamat-dr, A native officer of the army so called.
The head of any body, as guides, harkras, &c. (in India).
P 45)*-jamat-dr, The business of a Jamagdr.
p c-- jamaadan, A traveller's scrip. (CASTELLus.)
Ax~ jam tar, Yellow mud (recently dug out of a well).
A 34-jamtarat (from A^- Q), Turning round a sphere at
the end.2 of a stick. Endeavouring, or longing to bite (an ass)
A J-jumaagi, The weekly allowance to school-boys paid
- - -

ing, comprising. Joining; conjunction. A collection, a congre-

gation. A crowd, a multitude. Amount, sum total, aggregate. on a Friday; also the present then given by them to their tutor.
Rental. Name of a place (called also &er- Mutdalifat) near A &l--jumealat, A lump of honey or fat, the size of a nut.
Mecca, so named from the great concourse of people occasionally A J-jamaalil, An amasser, a collector.
assembled there. Bad, mixed dates. The mast of a ship. The A **-jamaalilat, A hyena. A she-camel old and hard.
plural number. t *-*-jamau'l jama, Plural of a plural. A_j x*-jumaur, A great crowd, a large company.
A 3)3-4-jumturat, A sphere whirled round at a stick's end.
&\; .*-*-jama-i killat, Plural of paucity. 5As /*-*-jama-i
A J-jam'87, A total, an assembly, a great many.
kasrat, Plural of multitude. A&J) *-i- jamau'l muzakkar,
Masculine plural A *-jamaiyat, A collection. Reflexion, recollection. Com
asculine plural. *-*-jame-i musannan,
---Jame-t musahhah, Sound plural.
plura posure. Al- ,-x-jamaiyat-i khtir, Peace of mind. -

2-&- .*-*- jams-i mukassar, Broken plural. --~~) 8-
jamau'l mu-annas, Feminine plural. t Jawmu'l jam t
The day of judgment. ";" *-*-jama-i abwb, Rent of land
fixed at a subsequent period to the time of the Emperor Akbar.
J --jame asl, Original rent of land as rated in the reign
of Akbar, or at some more ancient period. PJA ol s-jame
amadan, Coire. J-999 *-*-jama bid durusti, Revenue ac
cruing from fines. -- J.A. t-jang-bandi, An account of the
quantity of land and number of houses, in a district. A rent-roll.
L'- *-jama-dih at?, Revenue collected from villages. s-
J jams shudan, To be tranquil, secure. s-jame
r &\- --~~~~ jamzyat-khnah, A hall of audience.
P * ~~~-jamaiyat-gh, A place of rendezvous.
P r jamairah, Name of an Indian shrub.
P *A*- Jamgard, Name of an earthly paradise mentioned in
the Saddar, written by Zardusht. (Hyde. Rel. vet. Pers)
A J- jaml (from J-), Melting (fat). Jamal, A came
(of full growth). A kind of fish. Jumal, (pl. of 3.14-jumla!)
Totals. Jummal, Thick ropes, cables. J ~~~~ Addition.
A *-jaml-a, Handsome (woman).
A ex-jimln, (pl. of J-jumayl) Species of birds.
*Jumlat (or *-jumlah), The sum, the whole. A
A

tmr, A rent-roll. A J s-jame kml, Revenue that has total, an aggregate. Totality. <2\,\! *- jumla-i k-in,
remained unaltered for many years. 2.4% -8-- jama-i kasir, The universe, all creatures, every thing. r_<! ...t jumla
A great multitude. P J K- 25-t-jama-i lashkar kardan, To
lashkar, The whole army. A 4" \! bi'l jumlah, All. Among
assemble an army. e.9% J .*-a-jang-i ml kardan, To ac
all. Universally, upon the whole. In short, briefly. 4" 3
quire riches. A J-ai- 3-4-jame mufassal,The aggregate amount ji'l jumlah, Among other things. 44- vy" min jumlah, From,
of the different sources of revenue, whether of rent or custom.
out of the whole. Principally, chiefly. $2-), & L-At once.
3\, J2, 3-,-jame wist! bki, An account stating the rental, A. ***- jumlatan, Universally, upon the whole.

collections, balances, and arrears of a districtor province. P3 **- A *jamlai,The hedge-nettle.

g_- jama o kharch, An account of receipts and disbursements,
account current. A Juma orjima, The clenching of the fist. The
death of a pregnant woman. A virgin. Concealed, clandestine
(business). Jumae, All. (pl. of 3-4-Jumeat), Fridays.
A U-2-jame, (fem. of s- ajinae) All, every, universal.
Sound, whole (mare, or beast of burden).
A cl-jamazt, (pl. of s-jama), Companies; accounts.
air-jamahal (from - q), Shaving the head.
p J- jumlag?, (Q- jumlahi Cast.) Universality.
p J-jamlal, A swing, a see-saw.
A *-jamam, A heaped measure of corn.
P &-jamand, A slow horse. Slow, weak, languid.
A c- jamiah, Refractory, unmanageable (horse). Obsti

A gl-jimaaz, Rude, rough, thick. nate, self-willed (man). Jumh (from 2^*), Being refra
A c-jumeat, A handful. A sennight. -s ^: 3/awmu'l (a horse). Running away (as a wife from her husband * her
jumeat, Friday, the principal day of worship among the Muham relations without leave). Throwing (one bone at another).
 |->
A 24-jamid, (An eye) which cannot weep. Jumad (from (A sheep) whose horns bend backwards. Jin-a, (pl. of jr
&
&a=), Becoming frozen (water). Being cold-hearted, unkind. jni) Gathering, plucking. Gatherers. Sinners.
A U-x~.jumus (from L^*), Becoming hard (fat).
p U*** jamash, A vicious, stubborn, plunging horse.
A Ly-jamsh, Barren (season). Depilatory (lime).
A **-jumt, (pl. of *-*-jame) Troops, crowds.
A **-janum, (A well) full of water, and running over. (A
horse) running fast, outstripping all the rest. Indefatigable in
walking. Jumm (from *- jamma), Abounding (water in a
well). Flowing afresh (water after having failed). Being filled
(a measure or vase). Drawing near, being at hand (arrival).
**-jamhala, A kind of grain.
AJ344-jumhur, A high heap of sand. The greater or prin
cipal part (of men or things). Grandees. All, universal. A
republic. J:s- Jr. umur-i jumhur, Public, state-affairs.
A 5,384-Jumhriy, Must boiled down to half its quantity.
A J-jummiy, A man with a large head of hair.
P G--- jam it, A stone from which cups are formed.
P c---jam'itunitan, (in ancient Persian) To die.
P-jamid, A register of the kings of India. (for **-
Jamda'), Name of the fifth Arabian month.
Ax~jamir, A place of public meeting. 24- *" abn-u
jamir, Night and day. ~ J.' ibn-ijamir, A dark night.
Aj-jamiz, The wild fig. Jummayiz, A. sycamore.
A U-4-jamish, Smooth, deprived of hair. (A place) desti
tute of herbage. Chafed, bald (horse). Depilatory (lime).
A S-jami, Collected, assembled. An army. A family
of Arabs mustered together. All, whole, universal.
A *-jamian, In whole, altogether.
A **-janisat, An assembly, concourse.
A. J*-jam'il, Melted (fat). Beautiful, elegant. Good, fair.
J-4- 3. abjamil, A pot-herb. Jumayl, Name of a bird.
A *-janilat, (fem, of J-jam'il) Beautiful. Ele
gance. An excellent thing. *- 2 umur-i jam?lah, Good
things, good works. **- 23, aws a-i jam?lah, Good
qualities, excellent talents.
**-jamin, A plant stunted in its growth.
Pe-jan (for ej an), A woman, a wife. A side. Towards.
*AJ-janna, (fut. Jyajunnu) (The night) was dark.
A c-jinn, (vulg. jin) A demon. An angel. A spirit, a
genius. Interior (that which is not seen). The heart. The
ardour or precipitation of youth. The beginning of any thing.
Jr: abiljinn, The father of demons. A kind of large snake
with black eyes, quite harmless, and allowed to go about the houses
in the East. Junn (from Jr janna), Being possessed of a spirit.
$ A *-jan (for Cr), (fut. J. yajni) He gathered fruit. mals which creep into the holes of lizards and snakes, and come
P *-jan, The fruit or other produce of a tree.
A *-jan-a (from **), Falling prostrate upon, or leaning
over (anything). Being hump-backed. Fruit gathered.
***-jan--a,(fem.of u-Vajna-a) Hump-backed (woman).
519 \,-
r U-janb, A door-post. A contract. A kind of game.
Janab or junib, A saddle-cloth, a richhousing. Near. A wager.
A ---janb, An inner court, a vestibule. A threshold. The
environs, or area round a house. A side, margin, part, brink,
corner. Power, dignity, dominion, sovereignty. Majesty, high
ness, excellency. ~\. <-- ,--- janb-i jalalat-maab,
Glorious and august majesty. L. .e.---janb-i imam, My
lord prelate. --> Je gali janab (or -- \x- mutalla
janib), of high dignity. --J-Ai, Aja easi-imukaddas.
janab, Holy, venerable.J 2-- jamb-i tai or ,-u-
%-- janb-i mubarak, Expressions used for you in addressing
persons of high rank. Jimab (from --), Going a great way
off, retiring, shunning, avoiding. Causing one to keep aloof.
(111 of --), Being at his side. A rope by which a horse is
led. (pl. of ---janib) Tractable, easily led (horses). Junb,
Near, quite close. Junnb, Walking by the side, covering the
flank. A kind of boy's game. (pl. of C-3'-jnib) Strangers.
P'u-Jamb, Name of a town in Persia.
A J-janbni, (dual of ~~~.janb) Both sides.
A &\-janabat (from --), Being a foreigner, a stranger;
coming amongst, or living with, strangers. Being polluted. A
state of ceremonial defilement, a gonorrhoea. Distance, inter
val. A side. A camel sent with money to procure provisions.
A **-janbd, (pl. of 8-Jumbadat) Vaults, arches.
A &-junabah, A boy's game. A twin. (CASTELLUs.)
A -janmt, (pl. of &-jannat) Gardens. Palm-groves.
AA- janasir, (pl. of A-jansar) Large fat camels.
r -L-jamjt, Every individual or particular thing.
A e-u-janjin, (pl. of e-jinjin) Breast-bones.
A c-janah, The wing or pinion of a bird. The hand of a
man. The fin of a fish. The flaps of a saddle. The wing of
an army. A pinnacle. Elecampane. J-4) c-janhu nnasr,
(Eagle's wing) a thistle, or teasel. ** c- janah-i basi
satin, A gnat's wing. (met.) A very small thing. P sees *jy
c- rzana-i kushdah-janah, A window having the valves,
casements, or shutters open. A Junah, A crime, a sin.
P c-junah, The flower called elephant's ears.
A J---janahni, (obl. zer-e-janhayni) Both wings.
P -janakh, The bow, or flap of a saddle. Junkh, A sur
cingle. A stirrup-leather. The cover of a saddle. A large bowl.
A -->3'-janlib, (pl. of ~~~~jundub) Species of locusts.
A. tu-janadie (and ve-jandib), Subterraneous ani
out when disturbed by the spade. Beginnings (particularly of
evils). *** ~3 ztul janadia, A calamity.
A jeu-junadif, Short and thick.
A J- Jandal, Name of a mountain situated on the con
*
 -
Q - -
5 )0-
fines of Egypt and Nubia, Jamdil, (pl. of J&-jandal) Stones.
Je aljanadil, The cataracts. Jundil, Strong and great.
A &-jambat, A side, a tract of country. A bit of skin from
A j-junnar, A plane-tree.
A j-jinzat or janisat, A bier. The funeral solemnity a camel's side. A plant becoming green after withering in the
and rites. P ey *}\-jina-ah-rawn, A horse. summer. A withdrawment. Junabat, Any thing shunned.
A J--jins, (III of U--) Being akin, resembling. a 3-jumbasat, A black woman.
p &\- janagh, The jamb of a door. A contract, a bargain.
The breast-bone of a bird. The bow or pummel of a saddle.
Junagh, An outside covering of a saddle (inade of a leopard's
skin). A surcingle. A stirrup-leather. The flap of a saddle.
A cup. A sturgeon.
A3'-junafiy, Cunning, deceitful, crafty, wily.
Ax~janir, (pl. of 25-janfar) Ancient sepulchres.
PJ-junak, The covering of a saddle.
r = u- junig, A bird-cage, a coop, an aviary.
re-janan, (pl. of e-jan) Women. (equiv. to zaman).
A c-janan (from c-janna), Growing dark. A dark
night. Darkness, obscurity. The heart. A garment. A great
crowd. A prince, a chief. Jinan, (pl. of &z-jannat) Gardens
planted with trees. Paradises. Junan, A shield. (pl. of -j-
jani) Gatherers, pickers, cullers. Sinners. Jinnan, (pl. of
e-jnn) Demons, devils.
A &u=juniinat (from J-janna, He covered), A shield.
P &\-jananah, The heart.
A -jinyt, (pl. of&\-jiniyat) Faults, sins, misdeeds.
A ---jan-ib, (pl. of -- janib) Led-horses.
A <!--jnayat (from US--), Committing a crime. A crime,
iniquity. A wounding, a maiming. Whatever is acquired by
rapine. P e-A --~\-jinayat kardan, To commit a crime.
p C-jamb, Near, with, by the side of.
A -jam", A side. A part. A tract of country, a coast.
A boundary. Whatever is on the side. ~ * ---> sahib
biljamb, A familiar. A fellow-traveller. (from *---) Break
ing on the side. Wounding a man on the side. Leading a horse
at the side. Removing from, shunning. Causing one to re
move. Janab (from ---), Leading at the side (a horse of
state, or a captive). Halting, limping, or leaning to a side in
walking. Adhering to the side (the lungs from thirst). When
in a race the rider leads a spare horse by his side on which he
may spring, in case the one on which he is mounted is likely to
be beaten. Short.Janib, One who keeps out of the way to
avoid meeting and inviting a stranger. One who limps or leans
to one side in walking. Junub, A stranger, foreigner, guest.
-j-jrjunu", A stranger in the neighbourhood. One
who will not allow himself to be led. A polluted man.
A -jimbr orjinnibar, A young bustard.
P J-jumbn, Trembling, shaking, stirring, moving. Melt
ing. J- Je djsh-jumbn, Moving the shoulders.
A J-junuban, (pl. of C-junub) Polluted.
Q---
P e-'-jumbndan, To cause to move. To elevate. To
carry off. To rock (a cradle). To shake or churn (milk).
A t-jumbukh, Large-bodied, long and lofty.
A &-jumbukhat, A large louse.
P &-jumbad, A vault, an arch. A caper, a curvet.
A ej) -jumbudu'r rummni, A pomegranate-flower.
A S-jumbadat (from P * gumbad), A vault, an arch.
p_z=-jambar, The rim of a sieve. Suffocation, a throttling.
A 2-jambar, A large short-bodied camel. A youngbustard.
P U-jumbish, Motion, agitation. Gesture. A work, oc
cupation.ex U-- jumbish amadan, To bestir one's self.
J; J-jumbish-i awaal, The movement of the pen upon
the tablet of the Divine decrees. The first motion of the planels
setting out from the sign Aries, c-; J-jumbish-i zamin,
An earthquake. e U-jumbish kardan, To move, creep.
A &-jumbukat, A deformed or bad woman.
A J--jumbul, A large wooden bowl.
P J}~~ jambalul, A swing, a see-saw.
A J- jambalik, A big aged woman.
P 3.x~~.jumbandah, Anything moving. A living creature.
A creeping thing, a reptile, a venomous insect.
P 3:-jambuh (or & jambih), A weapon.
P &-jambah, A large bar. A fuller's beetle. A grape.
stone. A reptile. Motion, agitation.
A Lr-jamby, Lateral.
sy- jumbid, Origany, marjoram.
P J-jumbidan, To move, stir, shake, swing. To blow.
P 3A-jumbidah, Shaking.
P &r- jambinah, A kind of arms or armour.
A&-jannat, A garden, set with trees. A grove of palm-trees.
Paradise, heaven. Muhammad knew the genius of his cou"
men too well, to suppose that they would be captivated with the
idea of mere spiritual enjoyments in the world to come; he there
fore declared, that as the body in this life takes so much partin
the sufferings of the soul, it should in justice partake of its hap
piness hereafter, by the most exquisite enjoyment of every "
poreal sense. A vulgar notion has prevailed, that the Arabian
prophet excludes women from his paradise, but he had too high
a regard for the sex to be guilty of so unpolite a piece of injus
tice: the idea originated from a verse in the Kurn, which most
certainly allows no place there for old women; this gave so much
uneasiness to an ancient dame, that she remonstrated to Muham"
mad upon the cruelty of the exclusion; when the prophet ren:
dered her immediately perfectly happy, by declaring that all the
old women should be restored to the bloom of youth before they
 c-
entered those mansions of bliss. The Muhammadans believe
that there exist eight heavens, or different degrees of felicity,
for the blessed; and seven hells, or degrees of torment, for the
damned; drawing from thence an inference, that the mercy of
God surpasses his justice. l." c--jannatulma-wa', The
fourth heaven formed of gold, el.) --~~ jannatu'l bild,
The paradise of regions; title of Bengal. Je C--jannat-i
gadan, The garden of Eden. The Muhammadans assign three
places for this terrestrial paradise: the first, near Damascus in
Syria; the second, towards Obollah in the Arabian Irk or
Chaldea; and the third, on a spot bordering upon the desert of
Noubandijn in Persia, called Sheb Buvn, watered by the
Nilab; while others fix it at Samarkand. The more ancient
traditions however place it in the island of Sarandib or Ceylon,
where they say Adam was interred; agreeable to which opinion
the Portuguese have named the mountain, where they pretend
to point out the grotto and sepulchre of the father of mankind,
Pico dAdam. J%. G-- jannat-makn (or r ji t
jannat-ashiyn), Placed in paradise (a mode of speaking of
deceased princes). --~~~ *Jus' ahall-ijannat, The inhabitants
of paradise. ~s ea outnnwi jannat, The middle of
paradise. ru's --~~jannat-kash, Obedience. -a, --c-
JA*jannat-nasib shudan, To die.
:: A &-jinnat, Demons. Insanity, fury. Junnat, A cover
-
ing. Armour. A shield.
G & J-janturiyah, (Kerraglow) Centaury.
A 3-junnatiy, Paradisiacal, heavenly.
f
I. G-jantiyn, The herb gentian; bitter-wort.
A --~~jins (for U-jins), A race, stock, kind, sort.
Aj-jansar orjunsur, A large fat camel.
A 35-junsiirat, Earth or dust heaped up.
A J-jinsky or junsy, One who weaves coats of mail. A
best kind of iron. A sword. A coat of mail.
A **- jinsyat or jansiyat, Swords. Coats of mail.
p *-janj, The lowing of oxen. -
A -si-jinjab, Short and compact, or closely-set.
r_<- junjar, Shepherd's staff (an herb).
P <=i-janjak, Southernwood. Trefoil.
A J-junjul, Name of a pot-herb resembling asparagus.
P c- janjan, A species of fine rice.
A cst-janjan, jinjin, or junjun, The breast-bone.
p *i-janjah, A grape-stone. The bolt of a door.
:: A c-jamaha, (fut. ** Jnahu) Ite inclined.
A t-junk (from 2-), Breaking or disabling a bird in the
wing. Having the ribs broken from a heavy load (a camel).
Junhorjinh, Inclination. A part or watch of the (night). The
way-side. Traces or impressions left by people where they have A U-- jansh (from J-), Being barren and destitute of
been sitting. An asylum, a strong-hold. J." t- --~ tahta provisions (a place). Being distressed (the soul in the prospect
junhi'l layl, Under the protection of the night. Junuh, Great. of death). The emptying of a well. (Men) approaching to one
5
21 C
p &- Jand, Name of a city in Turkistan. Jund, An ass
bare or bald. Castor, the testicles of the beaver.
A 3-jund, An army, militia, a body of troops, a legion. Al
lies, auxiliaries, confederates, companions, fellow-soldiers. Ja
mad, Rough, stony ground. Name of a city in Yaman.
p_3,\ \x-Jundsbr, Name of a city in Persia.
p C's:-jandal, (sus) The vulgar. A trifling fellow.
A toper. Jundl, The chosen friends (especially of philosophers).
A cx~-jindab also jundub, Cruelty, oppression, injustice.
Name of a man. Jundub, jundab, or jindab, A kind of locust.
p ><!--jundbdastar (or P---jundbidastar), The
testicles of a beaver.
A tw-jundukh, A large-bodied locust.
Pyx~jandar, Clothes, garments. Jundur, Red beet.
A x-jandarat, (from J- 0), Tracing the pen over let
ters which are nearly obliterated. Renewing faded embroidery.
P &\sj-jandar-khnah, A wardrobe. A fold for goats.
p y-jandarah, The bar of a door. Two pieces of wood
used for smoothing linens; a calendar. Clownish, perverse.
P J33-jandkk, A demon.
r J.A.- Jandal, Name of the messenger sent by Faridun to
the king of Yaman to demand his daughter in marriage.
A J- jandal, Sandal-wood. Stone. A stony country.
Jindal, A sandy region, a desert. Janadil, A stony country.
A *A*-jandalat (from Jaz- Q), Throwing prostrate.
Pe-jandan, To polish steel. (for J-), Sandal-wood.
Puv.-janduk, Name of a medicine.
A s-jundy, One soldier.
Pyx~ J.A.- Jandi sbur, Name of a city in Persia.
A -junsubat (from P * gumbad), An arch, a vault.
Aji-jans (from 5-a-), Covering. Gathering, collecting.
Aj-jinxir (from rjjjangr), Rust, verdigrise.
A U---jins, A genus, species, kind, sort or mode. Gender.
A generation, a family; of the same stock. Goods, moveables
(any estate not in money). L--: U---jinsu'lajnas, A gene
ral species. J ,u_-fins-i bashar, The human race. U--
Jjins-i kamil, (in commerce) An article that fetches a high
price, (as sugar, paan, or cotton). j /U-- jins-i adna', Any
thing that fetches a low price, (as maize). U-- w- ism-ijins,
A generic or indeterminate noun. F U-2-2 harjins, Every
kind. A Janas, The ripening of dates. The freezing of water.
PJ-> jinistan, Fairy-land.
r-jinswri, Separately. Specifically.
A J-jinsiy, Generic.
A &-jinsiyat, Correspondence of kind, species, or genus.
3 X
 c- 5 22 ~al
*

another. A neighbouring place. The twilight just before day p J- jangali, Wild, unimproved by tillage.
break. &- 2. bi-ri janshat, A gravelly well. P J- Janguaran, Name of a city in India.
L Vla:-jantiyn, The herb gentian. p ~%-jangak, Convalescent, but not yet able to walk.
A k-jingz, Ill-tempered. A fool. A glutton. P J-jungi, Brave, warlike. Active. A swift horse.
A &lw:-jinizat, A glutton, a gormandizer. P C- jangdan, To make war, to give battle. To thirst.
A Jax-a-janaedal orjunaedal, A thick and corpulent man.
A ax-jineiz, Mad, foolish, crazy. *> Jingzz, The famous Mogul conqueror Gengiz Khn.
The Tartar Khns of Precop claim descent from this monarch.
A x-janz, Short in the foot.
A c-janan, A grave. A winding-sheet. Junun, Madness.
p 3534-janghzah, The Indian nut. A species of pine.
ru 2-janaghi, A consultation held with any one.
a 3-junu-a (from *-), Falling prostrate upon, or bending
*A --janifa, (fut. --> yajnafu) He deviated. down towards. Being hump-backed.
A &-janaf (from -i-), Deviating (from the right way). A c-janb, The south. The south wind. Junub, (pl. of
P & junfund, Fear, terror. Fodder. Dung. --~~jamb) Sides, parts, tracts. (from --), Breaking the
AJ33-janfur, An ancient sepulchre. side. Removing (anything) from one's self, shunning, eschewing.
A G-Jank (from G-), Throwing stones from a balista. A U. -janubi, Southern. A sultry day.
r -jink, A spur. Janak, Leaving for dead. A 5-janawa, (from L-), Committing injustice. Sinning.
p_\-jankr, Vitriol, copperas, rust. A crawfish. A c-juniah (from ) Inclining, leaning. Walking fast.
p zankalakh, A reel. Coming on (night). The approach of night.
P <--jang, War, battle, combat, engagement, fight, skir A --junud, (pl. of ~~jund) Troops, forces. Chess-men.
mish, rencounter. Brawling, squabbling, litigating. e-A c A U-3--junits, (pl. of U-jins) Kinds, sorts, species.
jang kardan, To make war, to fight. J-> <<-jang ojadal A --juni (from -...-), Deviating, wandering, straying.
Battle, conflict, brawl, altercation. 895 J---jang O . A ex~ junin (from c- janna), Covering. Being dark
changl-zadah, With pain and difficulty, c- ,-el- jala (night). Protecting, defending. Growing luxuriant (grass).
dat-i jang, The strength of the batttle. <-- 2,2'- dil-awar-i Flying round and humming (flies). Being a demoniac, possessed
jang, The hero of war. <-- 2)A- sipah-dar-i jang, The of a devil. Insanity, fury, phrensy. A demoniac. Darkness.
generalissimo of war. <-- j zafar-i jang, The triumph of ~~! ex~ juniinu'sh'shabb, The madness, or wildness of
war. <<-- ~\t mahabat-i jang, The terror of war. Jung, youth.
A withered (hand). A large ship. The paraphernalia (of a T} > Janawz, Genoa. A Genoese.
bride). Paralyzed in the hand. A camel which has never borne A Ust-junahiy, Indian cane.
a load. A large white spot. Dice.
AJ- jana' (from U-), Gathering, plucking fruit. Janiy,
rj-jang-r, A warrior. A crab, a crawfish. (Fruit) plucked, gathered. Jinniy, One demon, genie, or spirit.
P ser c-jang-siniidah, Experienced in war; a veteran. r -janib, A led horse prepared to receive his rider.
P J-jungl (or J- chungal), A butt for archers.
A ---janib, Led by the side. (A man or beast) tractable,
P e-t-jangnidan, To carry on war. To thirst. easy to be led. A (camel's) load on one side. A stranger.
*_l <!--jang-awar, A champion, a hero. Quarrelsome. A &:--janibat, A camel sent with money to fetch provisions.
r-jangh (for s c-jang-gh), The field of battle. * U.S --~~~~ janibat-kash, Master of the horse; a groo"
r 55, c-jang-bz (or **) zargar), A mock fight. P A-Junayd, Name of a celebrated Musulmn.
Pej janidan, To drop, to distil. Jinidan, To advise.
p -- ca 3-jang-jalab, Stratagem. A vain attempt; the
washing the blackamoor white. Procrastination. An ear-ring. A U-janis, Homogeneous. Jinnis, Name of a fish.
r-jang-ji, Quarrelsome, contentious, litigious. A U2-janis, Dead, defunct, deceased.
%.
J-jang-j-i,
5- - -- - - - - - - Pe-jamin, A tray, a wooden waiter.
P A quarrelsome, litigious turn of mind. A cr-janin, An embryo, a foetus lying in the womb. Buried.
P J-jangal (s ITG), A wood, a forest, a thicket; a counr_j}:-jani war, The horse-hair bridge across the etermal fire,
try overgrown with wood, reeds, or long grass; a jungle. over which the Muhammadans fancy they must pass into heaven,
p :-jaw, (s) Barley, a grain of barley. The bow of a
... s-janglihi (or _j-jangn), A kite.
2
-- - - -
violin. The alloy of four grains of silver in ninety-six of g.
P .5 J-jangal-buri, The clearing of jungles. 5, J
A., jangal-buri-i takallukah, A spot of ground brought into -T-jaw-ab, Barley-water. V. ** JA 3-jaw-arsh
cultivation by the possessor. gandum-nam, one who sells barley and shows wheat: "
P c-jangaluk, Lame in the hands or the feet. An inva p :-j, A river. A yoke. (in comp.) Wishing, desiring.
lid beginning to recover from sickness, but still unable to walk. A 3-jaww, The air, the sky, the atmosphere, the space be:
 \,-
tween heaven and earth. Low ground. The inner part of a
house. The summit. Yammah, a city of Arabia.
P l-jaw, Separation, disunion, disjunction.
A *];-jiw-a, A large space of ground, a valley. A place or
trivet for a pot or kettle. (111 of s-), Calling camels to water.
(pl. of 3-jaww), Low grounds. The interiors of houses.
A --jazb, An answer, a reply. Talk. A proposition.
-la- ,-,-jawb-i khitb, An answer to a question. .-->
32 jawb-i sf. A clear, positive answer. ---a -'re .-->
jawb-i sawb-nisab, A right and true answer. Ja ~);-
jawb-i katsi, A categorical answer. F e -- jairab kar
dan, To answer. --> ,-,-jawb-i nasawab, An imper
tinent answer. A -->> hzir-jawb, Echo. Ofready reply.
A ~5-jiwb, (111 of ~3-) Replying to one another.
A ~5-jawieb (or &\}-jawwabat), A traveller.
p\, -j-jawb-bl, May your advice prevail!
P &J -j-jawb-deh, Giving an answer. A respondent.
One who makes an obstinate defence. Amenable, accountable.
A. J- ~5-jawb-sawl, Questions and answers. Talk.
.M. J);---jawb-sawli, A reply, a rejoinder.
r & ~}- jawb-nmah, Letters of reply. A writing fixed
to the winding-sheet or the breast of the deceased, which it is
intended the angels Munkir and Nkir should read, in case the
poor soul should be too much flurried to answer their questions.
A J-jawb, (pl. of &\- jabiyat) Ponds, cisterns.
Af J-jawli, A respondent. A kind of bill of exchange,
which is not paid till notice is received of the bill's having been
taken up. A chorus, especially in repeating a mars or elegy.
A. J- J-jawbi-sawli, A mediator, attorney, envoy.
A s-jiwt, A place or trivet for a kettle or pot.
A <!-jiwt, (111 of c-obsol.) Calling camels. Juwt,
The word used in calling camels to water; or for checking them.
A J- Juwasa',
Name of a place in Bahrayn.
p *-i-jurichah, A chicken, a dab-chick.
AA-,-jawhir, (Reptiles) creeping into holes and corners.
Those who sneak privately into their houses.
A e;-jawd, Liberal, beneficent. (A horse) running swiftly.
Very remote or high (the summit of a mountain).
A -jiwd, (111 of 23-) Vying with in liberality.
A <!-juwd (from ex-), Being thirsty. Excessive thirst.
A -jawdd, (pl. of sel- jaddat) Highways, royal roads.
A J-jawdil, (pl. of J- jadl) The limbs of animals.
AJA, ,9}-jawd-i mutlak, (God) the universal benefactor.
A -S-jawsib, (pl. of ~3'-jzib) Camels which give no
milk. (pl. of 3,3'-jzibat) Attractive qualities, allurements.
Ajr jawr, Plenty of water. Jiwar, (111 of 23-) Being a
neighbour. Remaining constantly in the mosque (for prayer).
Receiving under protection. Neighbourhood. A farmer.
523 \,-
A j-ju-r (from j), Lowing (as an ox). Groaning in
prayer. A vomiting, an evacuation of any kind.
F_\- juwar, Leave, permission.
A ~);-jawrib, (pl. of ~95-jrb) Nether socks, hosen.
Afc-jazrah, A stem, a trunk, a body.
A t:- jawarih, (pl. of 3-A-jrihat) Birds and beasts of
prey. The members of the body (by which a man earns his
livelihood, particularly) the hands. Mares. She-asses.
Aj\}-jawriz, (pl. of 359-Jrizat) Hard or dry lands under
which lie strata of sand.
A v-jawris, (pl. of&sj-jrisat) Bees.
A L-jawrish (from P J guitarish) Whatever is used
in the dressing of meat, or assists in digestion.
A -jawr, (pl. of &j-jriyat) Ships. Female slaves,
servant-girls, lasses. Kept mistresses. J, ;-jawr
wa ghilman, Girls and boys. Maid-servants and men-servants.
rj-jawz, The planet Jupiter. The sign Gemini. A
buffalo (or a sheep) white on the middle of the breast. A mor
tar. A pestle. Juwaz, (j-juwzah, or J-juwsn)
A large wooden mortar in which grain is pounded. A pestle.
An oil-press or sugar-mill. A fewer.
Aj\;=jaw- (from j9-), Passing along or through. Going |
away. Pervading. Watering. Being allowed, permitted, law
ful. A path, a passage. A passport. Water with which cattle -
or ground is watered. Permission, lawfulness, propriety. |
Aj';-jitsiz, (111 of 59-) Transgressing, exceeding bounds.
A ^j}}- jawazim, (pl. of j-jsim) (Camels) satiated with
drink. Particles which deprive a consonant of its vowel.
P *}}- jatrazah, The tripe of an ox. A fever.
A J-jawzs, A spy, a scout, a collector of intelligence.
P <--> jaw ast, A kind of food.
Ar--jawsir, (pl. of ,-\a-jsir) Brave, warlike.
Av--jawss, (pl. of J-> jsus) Spies, scouts.
A c-jawshin, (pl. of cr-jawshan) Hearts. Coats
of mail.
AJ':- jiwas, (III of J;-) Glorying, boasting, vying.
A*-jawwas, Thick, corpulent. One who walks with a
haughty air. A fornicator. A glutton.
A t-jiwt, (111 of & 3-) Hungering, starving.
A -juw, A kind of fish.
A J-jical, (111 of J;-) Going round about (one another
in fighting). (pl. of J;- jl) Walls or parapets (of wells).
P J- juwal, A sack, a bag. One half of a (horse) load.
The human body. Deceit, fraud. Any thing open, uncovered.
A J-jawwal, One who travels about much.
A --jawlib, (pl. of3.J-jlibat) Things attractive, con
ciliating, agreeable; whatever banishes grief.
A &\}-jawlat, The best part of any thing. Juwalat, (pl.
of J-jl) Parapets of wells.
A *}- jawlih, The down of bullrushes and the like.
3 X 2
 \;= 524 *-
rj-juwl-dz, A large packing-needle. A sack-maker. A U-s- jawahiz, (pl. 3-is-jhizat) Yearling colts.
-juicil-dz, Sack-making.
P A *}~ jawa-ih, (pl. of &\- ja-ihat) Calamities, disasters.
i):-jawli, A large corn-sack. (CAstellus.)
P
A}}+jar-is, (pl. of jur-j-izat) Gifts, benefits, reward.
Pc-jawlik, A sack. Juwalik, A religious tunic, a der A --> jaieb (from ~;-), Cutting. Cleaving. Splitting.
vish's mantle of a blue colour. Tearing. Traversing (a country). Making the collar or breast
A J-jawlik, (pl. of c-jutsilik,) Large corn-sacks. of a shirt or other garment. Bringing. A shield. A shift with
A sack. A portmanteau, saddle-bags. out sleeves. A large leathern jar. Juwab, (pl. of &;-jawbal)
A. <\-juwlikt, (pl. of G-juwlik) Sacks. Gaps, breaches. Openings (between mountains or clouds.) Inns.
P c- juwam, (in ancient Persian) A day. (A Jatom.) P ;2-job, A stammerer, a stutterer, a drawler.
A *}-jawmih, (pl. of c- jamih) Stubborn; adversaries. P J- jobal, (in ancient Persian) A wallet, a sack, a bag.

A 2.5-jawmid, (pl. of 32.<!-jmidat) Fossils. A &;- ja-ubat, (A man) of an austere hideous countenance.
er-juwamard (for 9, s-), Young. Liberal.
P A &:- jawbat, A gap, breach, interval, or opening (between
A s-jawmie, (pl. of t-jmie) Comprehending. As mountains, clouds, or houses). A small caravansera.
sembling. Temples, mosques. s-jawmieu'l kalam, p :=23-Jaw bajaw, Grain by grain, a little at a time, by de
Comprehending many significations. grees. Piecemeal, to atoms.
ci-jawmik, (pl. of &z=-jmakiyat) Gifts, salaries.
A F & 3-jaw-i barahnah, A sort of barley without husk.
A v-jawmis, (pl. of U-><!-jms) Buffaloes. P &;-jbah, An emporium, a mart, a market-place.
e);-jawn, (s #TT) Young. A young man, a youth,
P
P &;-jawbnah, Eagles of the best kind.
a lad. A castrato, acatamite. J& J- ze);-jawn-i khosh rus, 3-jp7, Dancing in a circle till one is tired.
A 5-jawea, A low-lying place. Juwwat, Rough, brownish
shakl, A youth with a fine figure. (met.) Rice. J 2- ground. Rusty. A ditch. A patch upon a leathern bottle.
jawn-i salih, A fine youth. e e);-jawn kardan, To make A c- c-jawtjawt, A word for calling camels to water.
young. To nourish, to support, to protect. f s-jawtarah, A minaret, a lofty turret.
r- cy-jawn-asparam, Name of an odoriferous herb
P A c-jawas, A prominence in the upper part of the belly
of the class called ert) Jy rihanu 'shshayatin. with a lankness below.
* <> \\,-jawn-marg, Death in the flower of youth. A -jairsi, (fem. of <--" ajwas) (A female) having such
P eV);-jawnn, (pl. ofe);-jawn) Youths, young men. a belly as is described above. Arched work.
P &0\,-jawnnah, Manly, gallantly. Pr:-jj, A cock's comb. A crest. A pennant, a wa".
--jawnib, (pl. of -j-jnib) Parts, sides. Bounds,
A (In the Malay language) Draughts, backgammon. (HYDE.)
boundaries. -> 3). atrf wa jawanib, The surround A |-- jara, Any thing wished for, whether good or bad.
ing or adjacent parts, the environs. * , ~);-- jawanib-i A sl-3- jarjat (or 3-5-jawjaw), A word used to camels.
arbagah, The four sides, parts, or quarters; i. e. the whole. p >3'-3- jaw-jd, A bitter grain resembling an oat.
P ---jawn-bakht, Young. Fortunate, promising, of P 3,-,-Jjirah, A dirham weighing forty-eight grains.
great hopes; a brave, noble, generous youth. (This was the P s-3- jatjagh, A field of battle. (Burhn-i ktit),
name of the eldest son and heir-apparent of Shh Aalam, the late r-3- jjam, A branch bearing flowers and fruit.
reigning Great Mogul emperor of Hindustn.) P 3-3-jaw-jaw, Bit by bit, in pieces, to pieces. Name of a
A c-jawnih, (pl. of 3--jnihat) The lower ribs. city famous for musk, silks, and camphor. Juju, A Spar"
h |-}-jawns, A thorny plant whence they make pardahs. A 3-5- ju-ju-a, The breast. A bird's breast. A ship's P"
rj, 2_\-juwnghr o barnghar, The right and left P & 5-jjah, A chicken, a poult.
wings of an army. -
A c-jawh (from c;-), Eradicating. Destroying:
P 2,2'-jawn-mard, A young man. A fine generous youth. r 5-jackh, In troops. Very much.
Brave, generous, manly. A master-butcher. A - jawkh (from &;-), Carrying away (a rapid stream).
P ...se/~); fairn-mardi, Youthfulness, generosity, manliness. p >;-jkh, Cloth. A monk or dervish's dress.
A 2'-jawn, The herb germander, saw-wort. pe's 3-jawkhn, A place where dates are dried.
P &;- jawnah, A young man, a youth. A ex-jawd (from ex-), Falling in abundance (rain). s
P j- jawn, Youth. Youthful. A young man. Aniseed. ding tears plentifully (the eye). Being thirsty (a man). Being
P<<'':- juwnik, A hen-sparrow. near to sleep or destruction. Heavy rain. (pl. of &l- jii)
Copious (showers). 2.-- AL- sam-i jawd, A rainy sky. Jud
AA':- jawhir, (pl. of y- jawhar) Jewels, gems, pearls.
P es". Al-jawhir-isukhan, Chosen words, elegant phrases. (from ex-), Being liberal, beneficent. Liberality. A present
 _25
Hunger. (pl. of 3,2-jawd), Liberal, beneficent. (pl. of *-
ajyad), Long-necked. Juwud, (pl. of c- jawd) Liberal.
A le;-- juwada, (pl. of ex-jawd) Liberal (men).
r &le;-jdbah, The dropping or filtering of water.
P J-jawdn (or &le;-jawdnah), A species of camphire.
A kind of pomegranate having dry seeds. A birds crop. The
mark in a horse's mouth indicating his age. A species of willow.
A s-jawdat (from ex-), Being good, excellent. Benignity.
Ingenuity, intelligence, quickness of apprehension. Thirst. Ju
dat (from ex-), Being good. Being fleet (a horse). Courage.
Py-jawdar, A cow. A herb growing amongst wheat.
p ye;-jawdarah, A calf. Name of a certain general.
A s-Jdi, Mount Ararat in Armenia, (where the ark is
supposed to have rested).
a #33-jzbat, Bread soaked in the dripping-pan.
1,3- jaw-zar, In pieces, in morsels, piecemeal.
AJ&-jawzar, The hart. The wild ox.
AJ&- ju-zar (or J- ju-zar kannas), The wild calf.
P_5-jawr, A bumper of wine presented to any one. One of
the lines upon the famous cup of Jamshed. Name of an ancient
and celebrated city in Persia. 99 y: se's bdah bajawr dd,
He plied him with wine. Js-J bajawr khrdan, To eat
voraciously, to have a foul appetite (as a horse).
Ajj- jawr (from J3-), Going out of the way. Missing the
mark. Giving unrighteous judgment. Tyrannizing over. In
justice, violence, iniquity, oppression, tyranny. P e- jawr
kardan, To injure. A Jur, Name of a city. Jiwarr, Rain ac
companied by loud thunder. Strong-voiced (camel).
...!? AJ- ju-ar, Thick, heavy rain.
*
525 C
A j- jawz, A star, the sign Gemini. A sheep white in the
middle of the body. V al jawz, The star Orion.
A <>}}-jawzt, (pl. of 5-jawz) Nuts.
r &#92-jawz-ghand, A peach stuffed with walnut-kernels.
P <^j}- jawzk, Sorrow, sadness. Sorrowful, sad.
A ey-jsn, (pl. ofj- ja-iz) Beams, great trees.
A *j- jaweahanj, Name of an Indian medicine.
P *25- jawz bar gumbad, (Throwing) a walnut upon a
cupola. (metaphorically) Lost labour. c-s) *A}}-jaws
bar gumbad andkhtan, To act idly, to labour in vain.
A 359-Jawzat, One watering. A single nut.
re-3- Jjn, Name of a city in Khursn (Persia).
A_j}-jzar or jawzar, A fawn. Jawzar, A wild ox, a stag.
P &#59-Jawzaghah, A cotton-pod.
A J55-jawzak (for claij-jawz kutn), A cotton-pod.
P :- jaw:-girah, A coat-button.
A J}}-jazzal, A young pigeon. Poison. A youth, a boy.
P}< 55-Jawz-maghz, A walnut-kernel. Any hard substance.
P J33-faw-zan, Blight, mildew (as smiting the corn). Name
of certain magicians in India, who are said to bewitch people by
means of barley-corns steeped in saffron, over which certain
incantatory verses have been muttered. A Brahman (i.e. one of
the sacerdotal caste) who pours clarified butter into the fire, which
he strikes with stalks of barley (as a religious rite).
P j-jzah (or j-jjah), A chicken. A foetus. A gin.
A noose. \, 335-fo-ah-rub (or \; 85-jzah-lawa), A kite.
F_2.j:-jawzahar, The dragon's head and tail. The sphere
of the moon. A comet.

* J-juwar, Height, summit. Above. High. Pej j-jaw-idan, To be sad, melancholy, low-spirited.
** A Q-29-.jawrab, A shoe, a sandal. A stocking. A Gj-jawzinak, A dish made of nuts and sweetmeats.
A &y-jawrabat (from c- 9), Putting on socks. A sock. P & 39-Jawznah, Sugared almonds. A kind of syrup.
*J-jurbur, A partridge. A pheasant. r 5 5'-jjah-duk, The eye of a needle. A groove or
** 29-jurapah, A small species of duck, a duckling. notch in the top of a spindle. The winding (of thread). 55
**-jaw.r-pshah, Oppressive, tyrannical. A tyrant. t jja-i duk, A notch in the top of the spindle. (CAstellus).
A $5- jawarat, Tyrants, oppressors, unrighteous judges. P <!--jacsik (or <<-jawsak), Adam's apple.
Auj-jawrak, A male ostrich. A e-j-jawasan (from U-5-), Searching for with anxiety,
**):-jurah, Equal, in size, weight, colour, or the like. persevering in, and repeating the search. Rummaging a house
Aj}~ jawz (from rj gates), A nut. The middle, centre, or (as a thief for plunder). Catching intelligence (a spy). Going
marrow of anything. 25-jawz-i buw (or &; 33- jawz-i the rounds during the night (a watchman).
buyah), Nutmeg. j-jawz-i surayy, The middle or clus rej-ji-jsbnitan, (in ancient Persian) To take.
j-.55-jazz-i khanis, An unsound nut.
ter of the Pleiades. P2.<---jsufand-gir, A shepherd's crook.
*}}- jawzur rat, A saponaceous nut. Ly 255- jawz-i A C-5-jawsak, A lofty building, a palace. The zodiac.
rumi, A walnut. 2-) j9-Jawzu's sarw, The fruit of the cy P <<!-jawsak, A button.
press-tree. 92) j- jawzut tarf, The tamarisk-mut. 52 p cr-jawsan, A cuirass made of leather.
"jawsuit tib, A nutmeg. J" 35- jawzul kay, <-- jaw-sang, Of the weight of a barley-corn.
Nux P

vomica. Jj-jawzu'l kawsal, The physic-nut, **- Pe-jawsidan (for J-r), To adhere, to be fixed.
jaw-i gandum, Sandix-gum, juniper. Barley (ear and grain). A J-jawsh, The breast. The heart. Midnight.
J j}- jawz-i msal, The thorn-apple. gr) j- jawzu'l rv-jsh, Ebullition, effervescence; agitation (of mind or
maraj, The winter-cherry. s j-jawz-i hind, Cocoa-nut, body). Heat, lust. The ring of a coat of mail. The fourteenth
day of le month. (in comp.) Boiling, raging, ex-L
josh-i khn, Ebullition of blood (name of a disease). ~~~
Jjsh-i tifan, A deluge. ex" Lba josh amadan, To
boil over, to ferment, to chafe, to rage, to be agitated (like the
waves of the sea); synonymous to which are eye; e- joshan
budan and e U-2,--> L-jsh o khurshkardan.
r c-jshk, Heat, ebullition, agitation.
P J-jshn, (part.) Boiling, foaming (as waves).
J-jgi, (s atti l ) A sect of religious mendicants.
P & J- joshan-barah, Name of a certain savoury dish. J-jawl (from J-), Going round, surrounding. Choos
P ex-jshndan (and J \-jshndan), (transitive ing, electing. Jul, A wall, parapet, or fence to a well. The
of c-jshidan) To cause to boil, to seeth. To cook.
P sv-jshndah, A decoction.
P s-jsh-parah, A kind of food, vermicelli.
P_--jawshir (or z-jawshir), A weaver.
PU--jshish, A boiling, ebullition. Heat. A cooking, a
dressing. The thrush (a disease). A violent desire.
P <<!-jawshak or jshak, A sort of bottle made of earthen
ware, having a spout to it. Jushak, A button-hole or loop.
Pe-jawshan, A cuirass. A crabbed, ill-favoured look.
A c-jawshan, A coat of mail. The heart. Midnight.
P L: c-jawshan-posh, A cuirassier.
A L- ju-shsh, The breast. People. Part of the night.
p c--jshidan, To boil, to cook. To shoot forth.
p s-jshidah, Boiled. J s-jshidah shudan,
To be boiled, dressed, cooked.
rj s- jshidah-maghz, Passionate. Prudent, wary.
pr-jaw-shir, Barley-gruel. A weaver.
p y-jawshirah, A weaver. Jushirah, A kind of food.
p L-jshish, Ebullition. The thrush (a disease).
A :- jawz (and J-), (from ;-) Walking proudly.
A 8 :-j (from 8:-), Feeling hungry, famishing. Hunger.
ji." 33-fu'l bakar (or 3) &:- jzul kalb), Insatiable
hunger, canine appetite. Juwwat, (pl. of s-j-it.) Starved.
A ele-jawein, A hungry, famished, half-starved man.
A &= -jawet, The being once hungry. Hunger.
P -jgh or jogh, (s 3:T) A yoke.
Pe-jawghan, An instrument of wood drawn by oxen for
separating corn from the straw.
A -fate, A wide-extended plain. The belly. The in A -jawm
terior cavity (of any thing). Ju, (pl. of 35 ajwaf) Exten bad). Shepherds, whose flocks and interests are united.
sive. Hollow, concave. (in gram.) Verbs which have for their
medial radical 2 or ff. Jawaf (from -), Penetrating into
the interior or hollow. Cavity. Amplitude, capaciousness.
A G-jata, (fem. of s- afte) Hollow. Extensive.
A .#3jaw, Hollow, roomy within. Jzy, A sort of fish.
A c- jaick, A. declining, a verging towards the end. A
troop or body of men. U- J-jawkjawk, In troops. Jawik,
Having a down-looking distorted countenance. Thick-necked.
A. 3,2-jawkat, A crowd, a multitude (of men).
h %-jk, Sorrel.
P %-juk, A genuflexion before a king. A bird which hangs
from a tree and vociferates till the blood drops from its mouth.
P J%-jawkn, A club of an arched form used in an Eastern
game (perhaps a species of cricket). A battle-axe. See J
P &-jukak, A small bird resembling a sparrow.
P --jw-kb, Half-pounded, coarsely ground.
Ii
24 - - -
A
interior part of a well from top to bottom. A herd, a flock.
Wisdom, prudence. A stone at the bottom of a well or river,
J;-jul, A kite.
P
pey-jawln, Wandering up and down. Moving, springing
from side to side (as combatants or competitors in amphitheatres).
A c- Jawln, Name of a mountain in Syria. Julan, A
dusty day. Jawaln (from J;-), Wandering, walking round.
Motion, agitation. (Cattle) of the smallest and worst kind.
***) c-jawalanu'l humm, The beginning of sorrow or
Cares. P e J-jawalan kunan, Moving, leaping, springing.
P s- jawaln-gh, A place for (military) exercise.
P -s-jawln-gari, A fast gallop, fleetness.
r-jawln, Strength (of mind or body), quicknes of
apprehension. Fleetness.
A -j- jawlniy, (A man) of universal usefulness. Julaniy,
(A day) when clouds of dust are flying about.
Ps),-jlh (or &R}-jlhah), A spider. A weaver.
p c-jlhak, (dim, of s}}-) A little weaver; a spider.
P -jalakh, A woollen cloth worn by religious mendic
r-jalakhi, A religious mendicant clad in a j"
P J-jlak or jawlik, The dress of a wandering monk.
p J- jlak or jawliki, A dervish or religious mendicant.
P &- jula, A quiver, a case for bows and arrows. Beaten
(as wool or cotton). A porcupine. Julah (for s-jlh), A
weaver. A spider. Jlah, Grass of which animals are very on"
P * <!-- jlh-gh, A field of the grass called r margh.
P &#5-jalahah, A spider. A weaver.
rej-j/idan, To become confused, scattered.
(from ex-), Seeking, searching (ought, good or
P L---jumbaris, A beam divided into parts.
A 6.3- Jumat, Name of a town in Syria.
Pers;- jumard or jmard, Liberal, beneficent.
P 9-- jumardum, Liberal, munificent. -
P -- Jawmist, Name of a prophet of the magi.
Pe-jawn, A threshing instrument drawn by oxen. The
Jumna, a large river in India (in Sanscrit called Yamui).
A cy-jawn (from c-), Becoming black (the face). White,
-
Black (camel or horse). An herb withering and losing its colour.

Name of a horse. Jn, (pl. of e-jawn) Black. Juwan, (pl.
of &;-jnat) Spice-boxes.
A c-ju-an, (pl. of &;-ju-nat) Canisters covered with lea jawa', Warmth. A decay of the vitals. Heart-felt love or grief.
ther. Wases for holding spices.
A &;-ju-nat, A glass phial. A canister covered with leather.
A -,-jawnat, The sun, or his disk (when setting). A butt
smeared over with pitch. Jnat, Blackness (of a horse), pitchy
blackness. A box (for spiceries). A species of the kata bird.
P &;-junk, A camel between three and five. A bird's bill.
P &;-jawnah, The sun.
A -juniy, A bird resembling a plover, called Wai kata,
P e-jiwwn, (in ancient Persian) A youth.
A &;-ja-bat, Of a crabbed, grim countenance.
i. A s-ju-wat, A dark bay colour.
A 2,5-uicid (from ex-) Being heavy and plenteous (rain). J- jyn, Wishing, ambitious. Flowing. (pl. of s
Pouring forth tears apace (the eye). Being saturated with rain
(a field). Thirsting. Being near to death or sleep. Giving
one's whole soul to. jyn, Soldiers ambitious of victory. Q&c ze-jyn-imadad,
Ay-ju-ir (from j), Lowing (ox). Groaning in prayer.
Asking with a loud voice. Luxuriant herbs. A corpulent man.
A J-ju-sh, (pl. of J- ja-sh) Hearts and minds.
A 35-fach (from 33-), Looking at, or receiving ungraciously.
Keeping back by force.
p :-juh or jh (for 3- jugh or jogh), A yoke.
s A 35-33-Jahjah, A word used in driving or checking male
camels (not the females).
A jy-jawhar (from *A* gawhar), A jewel, a gem, a pearl.
t Matter, substance, essence (distinguished from accident). Quick
silver. Pith, marrow. The wavy appearance on someOrientaldag
gers and sword-blades. Virtue, worth, excellence. Skill, know
ledge. A guide, director. Bright, glittering. cele Ax~. L
mahz-ijawhar-i zt, Unmixed original essence. '- 25-jaw
har-i tulic, Heaven. Spirit. Fire. 9,325-jawhar-i fard, An
indivisible atom. (metaph.) A person unrivalled or unequalled.
* >;-juhar, When in a siege the men, feeling unable success
fully to resist their assailants, destroy their wives and children and
save themselves by flight. A place abounding in streams. J
Jjhar kardan, To sack or plunder.
A *A;-jawharat, One gem, a single pearl.
*M*A;- jawhar-dr, A bright, glittering, or well tempered
cimeter, possessing the blackish marks called J- jazchar.
P U*A*- jawhar-farsh, A dealer in precious stones.
A l-jawhary, A jeweller. Substantial, essential. Name
of a celebrated lexicographer, and compiler of an Arabic dic
tionary called cs sahah, i. e. Accurate, free from faults.
P c- jawhariyn, (pl. of -5,-,-jawhary) Jewellers.
A sect who attribute materiality to the Deity; materialists.
* @*:-jh (or U23-jy), Name of a flower.
* **-jawa (for sa-jy), A place. (CASTELLUs.)
\4-
A s-jawa' (from s-), Being powerfully affected by love
or sadness. Loathing, detesting. Stinking (water). Jawy or
Jawi, Fetid water. Jawiy, Disagreeable, inconvenient.
f s-jawi, A grain of barley. Of, belonging to, or made
of barley. A cobbler's last. Jj x-jaw-i zar, A grain of gold.
P s-jy (or 9-j imperative and participle of ej
jydan), Seek thou. Seeking, desiring, wishing, asking, -->
w-dawlat-jy, Wishing the happiness or prosperity of ano
ther, affectionate. s- e-jihn-jy, Attentive to worldly
affairs; a worldling, Jy, A running stream, a rivulet. A ca
nal or gutter cut for the purposes of irrigation. A groove made
in the back of a sword. -" s;-j-i ab, Arunning stream.
P :-jy, Searching, enquiring. Ambitious, wishful. Name
of a champion killed by Rustam (the Persian Hercules).
P
e."3- ra 2Kl lashkar-i musrat
jy) Wishers, seekers.
Petitioners, supplicants for assistance.
P e-- jyanidan, To inquire into, to investigate.
P :- jyy, Seeking diligently; a diligent enquirer.
P J-jy-i, A search, a diligent enquiry.
***jy-bar, A river. A river's bank. A place abounding
in springs or running streams. --: J-jy-br-i behisht,
The river of paradise. J- Jr. J-jy-br-i s man
khalkhl; A river with silver bracelets, i.e. clear limpid stream.
pj --jy-tz, A rapid stream, a mighty torrent.
P j}<}-joy-juz, A ship-worm. (CASTELLus.)
P &c.;-jycheh (or -jyak), A rivulet, a brook.
* * :-jazzsah, A summer-house in a pleasant garden.
A J-jawil, Whatever is driven about by the wind (as dust,
fallen leaves, and the like).
P & 5-joyimah, A trifle, a little.
Pe-jawin (or & 3-jawinah), Any thing made of barley.
P 3-3-jyindah, Searching. An enquirer, s ** 3
jyindah ybindah, Who searches finds; seek and you will find.
P sj-jy?, A prayer, a petition.
Pey. 5-jydan or jydan, To seek, search for, hunt after.
To set water a flowing.
**::-jy?nah, Aquatic. Any aquatic bird. A swan.
* *-jih, (in ancient Persian) Immodest women, courtezans.
A *-jahh (from 3-jahha), Repelling shamefully.
A *-jih-a, (in of Ji-) Glorying against, vying with.
A s-jahbizat, (pl. of r-jahbiz) Acute, intelligent.
<!! #s-jahbizalu'n'nakd, Money-brokers. Able critics.
A c--jiht, (pl. of 34-jihat) Faces, surfaces. Superficies,
r J ,<\;=-jiht-i shash, Six surfaces, a cube.
A c-jahd, Hard ground without grass, Jihad, (111 of
94-) Waging war, (especially against infidels). Battle, com
 \4-
bat. A gallant exploit. An endeavour, an effort. j Alt
jihd-i akbar, War against one's own lusts. A." 24-jihd-i
asghar, War againstinfidels, p & c- 39-- mubariz-i jihd
pshah, Soldiers accustomed to war, veterans.
A y-jihr, (111 of,4-) Carrying on open hostilities. Fight
ing face to face. Prevailing against, conquering. Railing at.
Reading or speaking with a loud voice. Vx-jihran, Publicly.
A 3/4-jahrat (from 24-), Having a loud voice or sound. A
loud voice. Being unskilled, unacquainted with poetry.
Aj-jahz (from 54-), Flying (as a terrified animal). Ja
haz or jihas, Paraphernalia, or portion given with a daughter,
effects in the disposal of a wife, whatever a bride brings to her
husband's house. Travelling equipage. Funeral apparatus. A
camel's saddle, or the saddle-tree. Pudenda mulieris. A ship.
j- 3 --, 3 zaraba fijahzihi, He fled and did not return.
*_2}\-jahs-par, On ship-board.
P Jj-jahs-shikani, A shipwreck.
A J-jahsy, A sailor. A kind of cimeter.
A Jl jihz, The unripe fruit of the tooth-pick tree.
A *-jahzat, Keenness, shrewdness, cleverness.
A J-jihl, (rII of J-) Behaving with levity. Ignorance.
A J-juhhl, (pl. of JS-jhil) Ignorant foolish (men).
A &\-jahlat (from Ji-), Being ignorant. Ignorance.
Vacancy. Barbarism. Brutality.
P_\-jahlar, A fringe, a flounce.
A *Jahm, A cloud without rain.
A &\-jahmat (from *-), Being of a harsh, austere coun
tenance. Receiving sternly and ungraciously.
rej-jahn or jihn, The world. An age. Worldly pos
sessions. Leaping, bounding. J- e 2 ' in o an jahan,
This and the other world. J 7 J-jahn-i ab o gil, The
human body. e-'- e-jahn dshtan, To possess much pro
perty. j J-jahn-i fani, The perishable world. ze
**jahn-i kadim, Eternity. &\ali- 2.) amr-ijahn-mu
ta, A mandate which all the world obeys. V c- 2
partaw-ijahn-nam, A ray illuminating the world.
A c- Jahn, A river (called by the ancients) Pyramus.
p -ji c-jahn-ry, Adorning the world. Name of the
sixth month of the Persian year of Yazdagird.
P Ji ej-jahn-r-7, The ornament of the world.
rj J-jahn-afrz, Enlightening the world.
P c c-jahn-frin, The creator of the world.
ex" c-jahn-awar, Valiant. Learned, accomplished.
r J J-jahn-bn, The keeper or protector of the world.
God Almighty. A powerful monarch.
r G Q-jahn-bni, The government of the world. Royal.
p jr jahn-bin, Seeing or comprehending the whole
world ( an attribute of God). The eye. A traveller. Offspring.
P su J-jahn-panh, The asylum of the world; a refuge.
528 ex4:-
p 3% e-jahn-pahlawn, Name of a post of honour to
which the bravest men were formerly advanced in Persia.
A &\-juhnat, A young hand-maid.
r --jahn-tb, Inflaming the globe. Name of the
fifth month of the era of Yazdagird (corresponding with July).
P-jahn-j, Ambitious of subjugating the world.
P c- J-jahnjahn, Much, many.
p_\xi\-jahn-dr, Possessor of the world. A king, an em.
peror. Name of a Mogul emperor, grandson of Awrangzeb.
P ---jahn-dr, Monarchy, empire. Imperial, royal,
-'-'-,-- asbb-i jahndr-i, Means of acquiring rule.
P 3,343 J-jahn-didah, Seeing the world; knowing man
kind. A traveller. 299 *#)- *** c-jahn-didah
bisyr gyad durogh, One who has seen the world tells many lies.
P J%Le-jahn-raw-i, The government of the world.
P s e- jahn-zindah, A flower flourishing all the year.
r_j\- eli-jahn-slr, A powerful monarch. A general.
PG- ej-jahn-sitni, The conquest of the world.
Pj}- J-jahn-sz, An incendiary, a breedbate, a tyrant.
P \-f- jahn-kush, Subduing the world. A conqueror.
P e-4 c-jahn-kihin, A little world, i.e. man. -
pJ. c-jahn-kay, King of the world; a great prince.
PJe-jahn-i guzrn, The transitory world.
re;c-jahn-gard (or 99; naward), A great traveller.
*A*-jahn-gir, The seizer or conqueror of the world;
(the name which Salim, the son of Sultn Akbar, adopted on
-
succeeding his father as Emperor of Hindustn in the year 1605.
He was grandfather to Awrangzeb, the great-great-grandfather
of Shh Aalam, the late Great Mogul). A woman's bracelet.
Short breeches worn by soldiers.
P **J-jahn-giri, Conquest, dominion, universal sway.
F vt J-jahn-mihin, The world, the universe.
P j-jahn, Worldly. An inhabitant of the globe.
rej-jahniyn, Mortals. Worldly people.
Pe-jahnidan, To cause one to leap. To attack.
A --~~~.jahb, A heavy dull countenance.
P Ar-Jihbad, One who pays with ready money.
A &r-jahbiz, Acute, intelligent. Buying with ready money.
A d-jihat, The side, face, surface; form, fashion, Inanner:
mode; reason, regard, respect. P ~f~} az jihat-i, For this
reason, because of & e. ~e-j az jihat-i in keh, Because
that. <-j- chr jihat, Four sides (of a solid). Four qu
lities or quantities.
A --- jahs (from -t-t-), Moving, agitating, render";
light and airy (anger, terror, or cheerfulness).
A &s jahjahat (from 4 s q), Shouting at a wild beast in
order that he may retire. A lion.
*A*-jahada, (fut. At gajhadu) He strove.
* *-jahd (from *-), Striving, struggling, exerting one
 529
J4 Cs
4*

self. Overloading (a beast). Longing for(food). Churning,fetch A *-jaham and jahim, Austere, sour, crabbed, surly. Weak.
ing out butter. Teazing, harassing. Eating much and often. A &ti-juhmat and jahmat, The beginning of the night, the
Being wretched and uncomfortable (life). An endeavour, ef first watch. Midnight. A kettle. A troop of about eighty camels.
fort, attempt. Fatigue, affliction. Jahd or juhd, Power, strength, p >{-Jih-mar, One who associates with harlots.
vigour. Labour, study. P J Jj- *Us J--At-jahd-i A 3-4- Jahamiyat Name of a Muhammadan sect.
jamil wa sagy-ijazil kardan, To labour and strain every nerve. Pe-jahn, Spirit. Jahn or jihn, Name of the son (by some
A&At-jahdamat (from ^*- 9), Making haste. the father) of Afrsiab, Jihan (for c- jihan), The world.
*A*-jahara, (fut. Jyajharu) He spake aloud. A cr-jahan (or &-juhnat), Coarseness of face.
Aji-jahr (from Ji-), Sounding high, having a loud voice. | A rug-jihinnam, Deep (well). Juhunnam, The familiar
Revealing, declaring, publishing. Beholding, perceiving,
852 see spirit of J- al aesha', name of ea; c c Amri'bni katan.
ing clear without a veil. Dazzling the eyes (the sun). Being P <-jahanjah, A kind of shoe or slipper.
great and respectable, appearing so (as an army). Shaking (a r x~ jihand, Skilled in the value of money; an exchanger.
bottle) in order to churn butter. Travelling over an unknown AJ& juhandar, A species of date.
country. Public, evident, manifest. A loud voice. Juhr, An P 3-3- jahandah, (A horse) going obliquely and skipping
elegant form, a beautiful face. Juhar (from A-) Having weak along the road. Elastic.
eyes, which cannot bear the glare of the sun. A. --jahannam, (HEB, bin R) Hell, the infernal fire. Us!
Aji-jihar, A female oblation. (HUNTER.) **- ahl-i jahannam, The inhabitants of hell, the damned.
A}{- jahr, A crowd, a multitude. (fem. of A- ajhar),
A J-jahannamiy, Infernal, hellish.
Unable to look at the sun. Beautiful, having a slight squint.
A "Wjahran, (p &y-jahrnah), Publicly, evidently, clear A US-$ ! &J laylatu' P.juhny, The twenty-third night of the
month Ramazin (esteemed fortunate for those who pray).
ly. "y- J Ty- sirran wa jahran, Privately and publicly.
A Wi-juhar, (pl. of r-jahir) Fair, handsome persons. A Wi-jahica (also :-jahicat), Naked posteriors. A tent
A 3,4-jahrat (from 4-), Being clear, manifest. Open, con without a roof. A clear, serene sky.
spicuous. Juhrat, Form, aspect. 3,4-jahratan, Publicly. A 924-Jahild, Laborious, diligent.
a ji-Jahram, Name of a town in Persia. P 934-juhd (equivalent to A Sex yahdly), A Jew.
A -vi-jahramiyat, A kind of linen cloth (thus called from
&le;-juhdnah, Judaically. The ventricle of a sheep
P

- Jahram, the town above-mentioned).
**, r*jaharukah, A sort of gallery whence audience is given,
to prevent near approach, danger, or the like.
P-jahrah, A yarn-reel. Juhrah, A stripling, a lad.
Aj-jah: (from j-), Rushing upon (a wounded man) with
intent to kill (him).
A U-4-jahsh (from U-4-), Raising a scream and running
frightened (as a child to its mother). Preparing to weep.
* L-jahish, Nature, temperament. Exterior form.
Ae-jahshn (from Ut-), Fearing, dreading. Rising,
springing. Running crying (as a child to its mother).
A *-i-jahshat, A profusion of tears. A crowd, a multitude.
*L*-jahs (from U-34-), Overcoming, conquering. Re
moving, carrying off. Setting at liberty. Causing one to hasten.
Being distant, far removed. Being cast out (an abortion).
A *-it-jahsam, Large-headed and broad-faced. A lion.
** J-jahala, jahila, (fut. Jyajhalu) He was ignorant. for drawing out a bucket. A slanderer, a railer.
A J-jahl (from J-), Being ignorant, foolish. Ignorance. >}: A s-jahiya, (fut. J. 3/ajha') The house fell down.
stuffed with meat and herbs. Name of a gum-bearing tree.
P se;- juhird, One Jew. Judaism. Judaical.
AJ34-jahwar (for .694-), Loud-voiced, high-sounded.
A 32;4-jahwarat (from 24- 9), Raising the voice.
A L-jahsh, Swift, flying from region to region. Juhsh
(from C.:-), Raising a cry and running frightened (a child to
its mother). Preparing to weep.
A *::-juhzat, Keenness, cleverness, shrewdness,
A. J-jahl, Extremely ignorant.
A *::- jahim, Weak, silly, impotent.
A &-juhunat (from **), Receiving sternly, ungraciously.
Having an austere, forbidding countenance.
A ex~ juhun (from Ji-), Approaching.
A c-jahica'. A tent without a roof. Naked posteriors.
Open, manifest. A man with a clear loud voice.
*}34-jah-ws, An instrument for cleaning a well. A hook

- J- jahl-i basit, Simple ignorance, artlessness. ,U3
-r jahl-i murakkab, Complicated ignorance, confirmed error.
Juhl, juhul, or juhhal, (pl. of J.S.-jhil) ignorant.
Ak-jahl (for x-jhiliyat), Paganism.
a-juhali, (pl. of J- jahl) Extremely ignorant.
**** jahlat, Ignorant, Jahalat, Many fools.
A &r-jahid, (A pasture) flocked to by cattle as being agree
able to them. Laborious, pains-taking. Toilsome.
r Jr-jah?dan, To leap, to spring. To dance. To gallop.
To be stimulated to running or flight. To recreate, to divert
one's self. To drop. To grow cold. To blow (as the wind).
A srt-jahayda or juhayda', Study, diligence.
3 Y
 r *-
w 530
A re-jahir, Loud-voiced, a clear speaker. Beautiful in the
face. Behaving with propriety, acting honourably. A year, a
part of an age. A fly corrupting meat. Unadulterated milk.
rj-e-jahia, Vestments and furniture of every kind which a
bride brings to her husband's house. A dowry. Minced meat.
A 3-t-jahiz, A light, nimble, swift horse.
A. S- Jahizat, Name of a certain foolish woman.
A Udr-jahiz, Abortive, not fully formed; a castling.
A **-jahim, (equivalent to *-jahannam) Hell.
A &re-Jahinat, Name of a large Arabian tribe.
P U-jay, (in ancient Persian) Pure. Ji, The city of Ispa
hn. Name of a district in the dependency of Ispahn.
A sus-jay-a (from A-), Arriving. Bringing, or coming with.
*J-3 * * hay-a trajay-a, Meat and drink, or the call to them. A 3-jid, A long, slender, beautiful neck. The lower or
a Au-ji-a, (pl. of -jiywat) Repositories for kettles. front part of the neck, on which jewels are suspended. A kind
A s- jiy-a, (111 of A-) Endeavouring to conquer by of short shirt. Jayad, The length, slenderness and beauty of
coming often. Conferring together. Agreeing, coinciding.
A s-jiy-a, A wicker basket or a trivet for a pot or kettle.
A s-jay-at (from A-), Coming; bringing. Jiya-at, Arrival.
A ---jiyt, (pl. of -jiyat or jyat) Stagnant waters.
A c-jiyd, (pl. of c- jawad) Swift, excellent (horses).
Aj-jayyr, A heat in the stomach from thirst, hunger, or
rage. Quick lime, or an unguent made with it and arsenic for
pulling out hairs by the roots.
A L-jayysh, A horse curvetting when pricked with a spur.
A J-jiyz, (111 of Ji-) Boasting (against another).
a 9-jayyz, (A man) who walks proudly.
A t- jyt; (pl. of t-j-it.) Hungry, famished.
A 3\-jayy, A digger-up of dead bodies.
P J-Jay afrm, Name of a Persian prophet.
A J-jay-al, (fem. &\,- jay-alat) A hyena.
A e- Jayan, Name of a city in Spain.
A s-jiywat or jaywat, Any place or thing (made of lea
ther or wicker work) upon which a pot or kettle is placed.
A s-jiyy, (pl. of 5,93-jayawat) Cupboards for holding
pots. (pl. of &-jiyat and jyat) Stagnant waters.
A <!--jaya-id, (pl. of e;-- jawad) Excellent horses.
A ---jayb (from Q-r), Cutting (a shift or garment) for
the purpose of making a collar or breast. Cutting (especially a
camel's bunch). Cleaving. Enlarging, widening. Traversing
(a country). The breast of a garment or a shirt. A sine (in
geometry). A monk's tunic, or dervish's habit. c ,----jayb-i
ufk, The sky. -* * nasihul jayb, Faithful and sincere.
T ---jayb or jeb, A pocket. Je- ,--- A privy purse.
P w-jibi (or -jip), Fuel, fire-wood.
A 3-Jibat (from ~5-), Answering. An answer.
pr-jibar, Gardens. Paradises.
P cr-jaybin, Interval, space, interstice.
P_0}:- jaypur, The king's highway. (CAstellus.)
' C
A -jiyat and jiyat, Stagnant water. A stinking ditch.
Aj-jaytar, A man of a short stature.
Pejrjuytan, The stuffing of a saddle, a saddle-cloth.
A k-jaysalut, A lying impure woman; a term of reproach.
A r jij, A word for calling camels to water.
r_j\;=\-jjr (or s-jijar), A chameleon.
A J-jayjal, A large stone.
P **-jijan, (in the dialect of Giln) Wild sorrel.
A J- Jayhn, A river called by the ancients Pyramus,
pA c-sl- Jayhn, The river Jayhn or Bactrus. Pey.
ex-3 ba Jayhn nishastan, To cross the Jayhn. To weep.
A 33-2- Jayhanly, Belonging to the Jayhn. Name of a
river whose waters are very sweet.
the neck. Jayyid, Elegant or excellent. Arable.
A l-jayd, (fem. of -- ayad) Fine-necked (woman).
A_\-jdr; The holm, or scarlet oak.
AJ&-jayzar, The wild calf. Jayzar orjzar, Short (man).
A j-jayzarat, Name of a fish black-coloured and thick.
rz-jir (for 2.5 zir), Declivity. A kind of leather.
A 2-ja-ir, Corpulent (man).
A c-jayri, jayrin, or jayra, Certainly, indeed. Jayar,
Shortness, brevity, contemptible littleness.
A ey-jirn (or S-jirat), (pl. of, '-j-ir) Neighbours.
A S-jirat, An edge or corner.
r 3,-Jiraft, Name of a city in Karmania. -
A ex~ Jirin, Name of one of the gates of Damascus.
f s-jirah, Bastard saffron. A daily allowance.
Aj-jiz, The border of a valley. A grave. Jiz and jiyas,
(pl. of 32-jizat) Sides, tracts.
A j-jizat, A side, a coast. The skirt of a val ley. Name
of a city in Egypt situated on the bank of the Nile.
P <-j-ji=jang, Penis succedaneus.
Pr);-jj, (;-jju
c-r-jestan, or 25-jijr), A hedgehg.
To leap. A small purse elegantly adorned.
p c--jistin, Something. Anything. An embryo.
A ---jaysud or jsd, A straight tree or stick.
A L-jaysh, An army, soldiery. An agreeable life, re
creation. Name of a place one stage from Madina. Jaysh
(or J-jayshn) (from U-), Boiling (a po); "A"
(as the sea). Flowing with impetuosity (as a fountain). Being
greatly moved, leaping (the heart). Jish, Name of a long
tufted plant, the head of which is filled with seeds.
A e- Jayshn, Name of a place famous for black "P"
P- jaysh-gar, A general. A maker of coats of mail.
A Li-jiz (or &i-jizat) (from Ji-) Turning away from,
declining. Jiyazz (or Jj-jiyizza'), A haughty air or step.
 \- 531 _* w

A-jayz (or J-jayzn) (from *-), Walking proudly. h ~~ chb, Name of an Indian fruit-tree.
re--jayghut, A hamper made of palm-tree fibres. P ej"- chabatan (or ev- chptn), An upper boot.
p c-jayghut, An ill-stuffed pillow, hard in the middle. P <<!- chabuk, Quick, swift, active. Ingenious, acute.

The middle of anything. A basket made of palm-leaves or fibres.
r & e-jighah, An ornament of jewels worn in the turban.
A -i-jawfor jiyaf, (pl. of -jfat) Carcases.
A &- jfat, A carcase, a corpse.
A Ji-Jayal, Name of the month Saxi",3 zl kazdat.
pUlys- &:-jfah-kh'r, A feeder on carrion.
Adorned. Beautiful. Beauty. A horsewhip.
p.9\, t < \e- chbuk-bz, Whipping, lash. (Hustn.)
P *y- <<!- chabuk-khiram, Swift-paced.
P \t-e) 3'- chabuk-dast, Dexterous, nimble. Beautiful.
p_\,-, -3'-chbuk-suwr, A breaker-in of horses, a jockey,
a rough rider. A horse-dealer. A flogger.

*
P <<- jik, The noise of fowls. P :- <<!- chabuk-suwari, Horsemanship, jockeyship.
4 jigar, (equivalent toJ- jigar) The liver.
Pj- P J'- chabuki, Celerity, agility. A horse requiring the whip.
\pi A J-jil, A body of men, a troop. Revolution. A nation. P 4- chabuk (or - chapk), Quick, nimble, acute.
Jayal, A hyena. Jayil, Bad-tempered, troublesome, unjust. Fusi- chapatz, Bread. A thin, unleavened cake.
A ex- ji-lan, Terror.
P J-'- chaplos or chaplus, Flattery, adulation.A flatterer.
re).-jln, The juleb-tree. Sesame.
P us-'- chaplosi or chplitsi, Flattery, wheedle, adulation.
A J-jiln, Gravel or dust blown about by the wind. The
P 4- chapalah, A scabby head. Scald-headed. Bald.
country called Giln, to the south-west of the Caspian Sea.
P -2'- chpub, Old linen cloth. A strip of old cloth.
a j-jilmy, Very dusty (day).
P *::\- chaput, An old cotton-tree. Old cotton.
P = <-N-jlhang, Name of a purgative Indian root.
P &\- chapah, A seal, an impression, a print, a copy.
Pyle-jil-dr, A wood, black without and green within.
A *-jim, The letter zjim. A silk robe, embroidered with G J-'- chtilik, (KaSoaiz;) A catholic, a priest, a doctor,

gold. Libidinous camels. a prior, or head of the Christian religion.

Pe-jin, Unamiable, detestable qualities.
p_2 <-jinahwar, The bridge across the eternal fire.
Pe-jaynin, An embryo. An interval.
A c- Jinin, Name of a town in the district of the Jordan.
rel-jaywad, Chastity, continence.
A -->juyub, (pl. of --jayb) Shirt-collars. Pockets.
A 9:-juyd, (pl. of Az-jd) Long, graceful, slender necks.
A J-juyish (from U-23-), Boiling (as a pot). Raging
P 5'- chatu, A halter, a rope to hang malefactors.
r- chch, A heap of corn threshed and winnowed. A
bundle of grass or hay. Stubble, straw, thatch. Name of a city
in Khatan, and of a famous bow-maker; hence J-- J
kaman-i chachi, Bows brought from that place, or made by
that man, which were neither affected by heats or damps.
P al-- chachilah, A rustic shoe, made of undressed leather.
P us-- chch, A white bow, neither gilded nor painted.

P J4-'- chkhsk (or <<!- chakhshk), A sickle.

(as the sea). Flowing with impetuosity (as a fountain). Being
greatly moved (the heart). (pl. of Ut-jaysh) Armies, forces, r_<!-- chdir or childar, A tent, a pavilion. A mantle, asheet.
troops. L-- amiru'ljuysh, The general of the army. A tablecloth. A veil. A cascade. *\,-\ J- chadir-i ihrm,
*L: e.J-juysh-i ahan-posh, Troops covered with steel. \s Je- chdir-i ajdah, The four elements. 2,2'-
Snow.

cu-" chdir-i ajsd, The four elements. ~);- 2,2'- chdir-i

r s-jiwah, (in Arabic Grj zibak) Quicksilver.
A j-jayhabuk, Mouse-dung. kh'ab, The curtains of a bed. -- je- chdir-i shab, Bed
sheets. A womans veil. 29- chdir-i kalandari, A
AJ3:2-jayhur, A fly tainting meat.
sort of tent. J- chdir-i kafuri, The dawn. 29
A &-jay-at or j-at, A receptacle of water. J-at, Arrival.

J* chdir-i kuhli, The heavens. A dark night. ex:-) Jel

chdir-i lajaward, The azure sky. A verdant meadow. 2,2'-
se; chdir-i yazd, A kind of woman's veil.
& ch, or, as it is sometimes called, chim, is the sixth letter
Pj"> chdir-tars, The sun. The sun's rays. Light.
A blue and yellow garment.
of the Persian alphabet, and is never met with in Arabic words.
P - chadak, The cooing of the turtle. A lark. A cas
Its power is that we express by ch. A few words are indiffe- tanet. A certain note of the harp. A kind of water-bird.
rently spelt with 'g ch or 5 je; as g kach orj's kj; and also
F_\- char (contracted from J\t- chahar), Four. A potter's
with g che or L. shin, as s lakhchah or < * lakhshah. kiln. Able, willing. (for *A*- chrah), A remedy, a cure.
Ignorant writers are also very apt to confound it with 'a.jim. r;"J"- chr abr, A kind of dervish who shaves his eye
P \- ch (or '- chay), Tea. eye- cha-dn, A tea-pot. brows and whiskers.
3 Y 2
 _* w 532 _*
PAT J- chr khur (or jet.A- chr midar), The four * - 3\e J- chr dang, The four quarters of the globe.
elements. Name of four stars in the Great Bear. Jj- chr dawal, An ox-goad.
P

***s-Ul- chr akhsh.j (e.9) j- chr arkn, 9-LA
chr ustd, or raze j- chr &unsur), The four elements.
P --~J- charasb, A team, or carriage drawn by four horses.
F --Ul- char asbb, The four powers or faculties: viz. of U Je A- chr diwri-nafs, The body. The world.
attraction, retention, elasticity, and repulsion. The four elements.
P T_\- char dyinah, A kind of armour.
P J- chr bagh, A temple. Name of a celebrated royal
garden in the environs of Ispahn.
* Ll j- chr blish, The four elements. A kind of large
cushion, on which great men sit or recline. A throne. The
world. The breast. e.9) J J- chr balish-i arkn, Heat,
cold, dryness, and moisture.
P <&lj chr bang, Sensible, intelligent, quick, alert.
* 9A j- Chr bard, Name of a city.
P * M:- char band, The world.
P **J- chr band, A wallet. The world.
P sle- chrdah, Fourteen. The full moon.
P ***y- chardahum, The fourteenth. Full-moon tide.
PJe A- chr diwar, Four walls. The four elements.
P --j- chr diwari, A court-yard, an area, an inclosure.
p >\}_\- char zana, A mode of sitting as taylors do at work.
P J-j- chr sal, The space of four years. Four years old.
P J-j- chr salag, The space of four years.
P >w- chr-sil,
A square. A market-place. A cross-road,
two roads crossing each other. Expectation.
P t j- chr shakh, A square machine for winnowing corn,
P &\*_\- chr shanah, A dwarf. Tough, hardy, fat, lusty.
r - - chr shab (or -& A-chr shaf), Bed-sheets.
pe A-33 d5 chr shudan, To meet each other.
f 4-3 Ae- chr shambah, The fourth day, Wednesday.
P ~~~~ chr shab, A market-place.

P ~~j- chr warb, Sensible, intelligent (applied to slaves).

**g_- chr bkh, Endive-root. Fennel-root.
P J J- chr tak, Four columns, i.e. a principal room on
P '- char pa, (* J- chr pay, or &\ j- chrpyah),
the top of Eastern houses, open in the front and supported by
A quadruped. A bedstead. Castanets.
P 9 5'- chr prah, Four square, in four parts. A pair of four pillars. A kind of quadrangular tent. The elements.
castanets or virginals. The patch of a shoe. r 3,\s-charkab, A vest without sleeves. A kind of mir
r 39- chr-kb (also c-j- chr sang), A mode of
rej *A*- chr pahl shudan, To eat much. To lie supine.
PU j- chair-ta OW tr, or 99. trah), A four-stringed lute. adoration observed by the Parsis or worshippers of fire.
P c- charag, A military commander, a general, a leader.

A drum. The four elements. The world. P *A*- chargmah, An ambling nag. Tumultuous mirth.
rt- chr tark, A quadrangular turban. P *A*- chr-gshah, Four-cornered. A throne. A bier.
* 9522 -j/- chr takbir bar o zad, He deserted him, P J-'- chrgsh, A square bottle; a four-handled **
he abandoned him, as if dead (a mode of expression borrowed
from the four Takbirs, or praisings of the names of God, which
P c- chargn, Mace. A saddle-tree.
are repeated by way of burial service over the dead). P '- charum or charam, The fourth. -

p rejJj- chr tak7r zadam, I left him thunderstruck. P -]a- *A*- chrum usturlb, The sun: the fourth climate.
P<!-j- charjamah, A kind of saddle without a tree. P**, *_*- chr marchrah, An inn. A stage. Learned.
P*5-j- chr jupah, A window-blind. rj j- charmaghs, A walnut. An earthen ball. "....

PA;-- chr jawhar, The four elements. Name of four r us '- chrum kitb, The fourth book, i. e, the Kur'an.
stars in the bear. - P t- chr mkh (or *A*- chr mikh), The rope *
P As --j- chrj-7 trat, Four constitutional habits which rope-dancers walk or tumble; also the poles by which it
in man, viz., sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic, and melancholy. is stretched and supported. The wooden frame of saddles, or of
P ---j- chrjihat, The four sides: the whole of a thing. pack-saddles. A cross. A gallows. Sodomy. An adze. J
P J- charji, A crier, a herald. A mace-bearer.
<2\,- ** chr makh-i hayt, The four elements. **):
P F-A- chr chashm, Four-eyed (a dog or a sheep); i. e. J.A.& chr makh shudan, To stand bolt upright. s
having a black spot over each eye. One who wears spectacles. chr makh kardan, To stretch a cord. To crucify.
P e-'- charm in or charumin, Relating to four.
- - - - -
One of
A meeting, an interview. Full of desire, anxious.
P A-j- chr had, Four bounds; east, west, north, and south. four, the fourth, Jr.w- 2:- 29-> khusraw: sipahr-i chir
P &\-j- char khanah, A large cauldron divided into four min, The monarch of the fourth sphere, i.e. the sun.
P e-'- chrmin-bm, The fourth heaven.
compartments. Checker-work. A kind of cloth. Any one who
assumes more than his condition entitles him to. P_\ U_*- charma char, Inevitable. Of necessity, whether
P &\-j- char khayah, Bold, brave, warlike. Fond of women. willing or not willing: nolens volens. -

r- charad, Lime. Plaster. r- chraw or chr, A measure. A corn-measure. Pas

 * 533 * w

ter, mortar. An ambassador. Help, aid. Fraud, imposture.
A fish-pond, a stew. Once, altogether.
P '- chr wa (equivalent to \; \*- chr p), A quadruped.
Pillage, plunder, depredation. The four elements.
rje 9- chr-wa-dr, One who keeps or lets out horses.
rja-j- chr o chadar, A remedy, a medicine.
P #23'- chrgh (or J- chrk), A peasant's shoe.
...
rl- charah, A remedy, a cure. Help, succour. A knavish
trick, a stratagem, a scheme. Separation. A mode, manner,
mean, method. Once. w- J bi chrah, Without remedy,
*** incurable. Poor, miserable, and destitute of help. *A*- 4-chi
charah, What remedy? what is to be done? how can it be cured?
what mode is to be pursued? what would you have j92 9
chrah-pardiz, One bringing, procuring, applying a remedy.
Jo *A*- chrah ddan, To apply a remedy, to cure, to re
pair, restore. ju- w- *A karim-i chrah-saz, (God) the
great provider of remedies. JS *A*- charah-kr, Applying re
medies, a restorer. Aid, assistance. Means, manner.
* 5- *A*- chrah-sz, The application of a remedy.
P -- charah-gary, A remedy, a cure.
p *A*-> *A*- charah mar charah, Treachery. Open, clear. Active, laborious, hard-working. Swift (a horse). A lofty
P - chr yar, Name of a sect of Muhammadans who dwelling-place. A highwayman, a cut-throat.
venerate especially the four successors of Muhammad.
pared. J <!- chk kardan, To tear. J c- c
chk chak kardan, To tear in pieces. <!- Je *Agri
bn-i sad chk, A collar torn in a hundred pieces.
Pej Sle- chkndan, To drop, to distil. To drink.
P &\s-j-t-chksrdz-khnah, Ahose-manufactory.
rle- -- chk chk, The clashing of swords. Cleft.
r_<!- chakar, A servant. An apprentice. A handmaid.
P Jj '- chakarn-zamin, Lands appropriated to the
maintenance of public servants.
P'- chkar, Servitude. Apprenticeship.
r-3'- chaksu (or 5*- chakshu), A small black shining
grain mixed up with camphor into an ointment for the eyes.
* Sle- chaku, A clasp-knife, a penknife.
P t- chakuj (or z:*- chkch), A mallet, a hammer.
P J- chal, Grizzled. A sorrel horse. A vault for storing
corn in. A hole in which weavers put their feet. A bird's nest.
A wager. A bustard. A beautiful kind of partridge. Name
of a certain water-fowl. A springe, a gin. A hoe. A spade.
Name of a town in the district of Kazwn.
P - chalak, Ingenious. Quick, nimble, clever-handed.
J- chlki, Alacrity, quickness, speed, nimbleness.
P

p j- chr yak or chr k, One of four, a fourth. J- chaln, An invoice, a bill of lading. Transportation.
P

r;"> chz, A frog, a paddock. P --; J- chal-pusht, A swayed, hollow-backed horse.

ejl- chj (>5- or s-), Wain, useless. Filthy, sordid. '- chalpos, A flatterer, a wheedler. A muleteer.
P

T_\-- Chsr, Caesar. J-- Jy The Roman emperor. P J- chlish, An elegant gait. A graceful motion. State
P J- chiish, A heap of corn or chaff. Lint-seed. A lunch. liness. Coition. Manner, conduct. Battle, combat.
* -- chisht (<!- chasht-gh, <!- chasht-gah, -- chlish-gar, A swinger. A warrior. Lecherous.
<!- chashtah, or J-'- chasht), The middle hour between P $J- chligh, An unruly ungovernable horse.
sunrise and the meridian, at which time they generally eat what p_\ J- chl-kumar, A stake, a bet. (Hyde de lud. or.)
is by some called dinner, by others breakfast; also, what is then r;"> chalu (or &\- chalah), A hole into which the weaver
: *
**
eaten, breakfast, early dinner, luncheon. A fourth of the day. puts his feet. A vault, a repository for grain.
P ex- chsh-dan, A bread-basket. P J- chalz. A gin for catching animals. Name of a bird.
g P J- chshak-dan, A bread-basket. A lady's work-box. P C*- chlish, War, battle. A pompous stately walk.
P - chalik, The game of tip cat.
* J- chshn, Taste. Flavour, relish. A taste of any
thing by way of a sample. A specimen, proof, trial. Quality. P c- chlin, A canal for watering a garden.
* Syrup. A mixture of sweet and sour. The first stroke or two P c- cham, A coat-button. A grain, a berry. Method,

y on a drum. A guide. Je * *- chshn?-i dil, Kind words. form, manner. A narrow winding-pass of a mountain. A val
P j- A taster to a prince, a sewer, a cup ley. Things laid in tiers in a house. r- c- cham cham,
<!- chshn-gir,
*:
bearer. (In India the term J.K. bakawul is generally used.) Manifold, multiplied. Entangled, intricate, mazy.
. .. P :- chagh, Time, season, an hour (or the twelfth part of rj- chamiz (or c- chamin), Urine, chamberlye.
every civil day). A spider. P Jr-- chamosh, A kind of shoe.

-

* J-chk, Time. Health. Vigorous, active, healthy. Chk, P &c- chamah, A poem exceeding nine couplets. A word. A
...?
(3*- chak chak orJ-'- chakchk), The sound made history. Power, strength. Honour. Clothing. A flagon.
by a sword or hatchet in striking a blow. re)* <!- chmah-dan, Eloquent. An orator.

* <\- chak, A fissure, rupture, rent. A bond or note of <<!- chmah-goy, An orator. A singer of odes. A poet.
P

hand. Rent, torn, broken. Day-break. The sound made by P e- chamidan, To make water. To blow.
the blow of a sword. A loop-hole, a fan-light. Ready, pre F c-- chnin, Urine. Excrement.
 - r 534

H j\xi\- chandni, A cloth, generally white, put up by way i six-chabtarah, An elevated place either as a seat of
of ceiling in a room, or to cover a carpet. justice, or place of execution. A custom-house.
p U- chanish, A pompous walk. War, battle. Perr-chabbin or chubbin, A bread-basket.
r &\-chnah, The jaw-bone. The chin. Jabber. A drop * -- chap, The left side. Unfounded. Discordant. ,<!--0
- ping, a distilling. Any kind of ferment for leavening bread. --- dast-i chap, The left hand. e-le -- chap didan, To
p 2'- chaw, (In the Tartar dialect) Paper-money.
sew on a patch. To deceive, to betray, to forsake. J -
- p >|->|- chw chw, Sparrows. The chirping or noise of chap shudan, To rebel. 29 r chap-raw, Going to the left.
sparrows or other birds (especially when terrified for themselves --9, -- chap orst, (lit. Right and left) Unsteadines,
or young by a hawk). The first relators of bad news. carelessness, want of principle. (HUNTER).
T J- chwush, A sergeant, a lictor; any officer that pre
rve- chap, The left side. Leftward.
- cedes a magistrate or other great man; a herald, a pursuivant, P <2\,- chapat, A slap on the face, a box on the ear.
| a messenger. The head of a caravan. * Lve- chapti, A thin kind of cake. A pancake, afritter,
T J L- chawush-bshi, Chief of the royal messengers. PJ- chapr, Spotted (horse), speckled (pigeon); bicoloured.
* r *- chwshir, A medicine called Boy's meat.
The gum P *A*- chaparah (or c- chapan), An old garment.
of a tree. The barberry and its tree. A camel five years old. P &\- chapgh or chipgh, A shad, a sheath-fish, a thunny.
P t- chawak (for - chakawak), A lark.
P J- chapn or chuppan, Old tattered garments.
- P &\- chawalah, A hundred-leaved rose. Unequal, awry.
P 5'3' -- chap-andaz, Machination, fraud, stratagem.
p J:- chawl,A winnowing fan made of reeds. P G- chapni, A knave, a rascal. A man clad in rags.
P J- chawush, A chief, a leader. P J- chapawal, An attack, a charge.
P *,\- chwah, The jaw.
P cr- chaptin, A small wallet.
P '- chwd, The chirping noise of frightened sparrows. P +\- chapchp, A smacking kiss.
P 3- chippakh, A sparrow-hawk.
f s- chh, A well, a pit. A dimple. J A-chah-i Bbil,
The pit of Babel, i.e. of magicians; also the well where two F --> -- chap-dast, Left-handed.
fabulous angels, called Hrt and Mrt, are said to hang im Pyr- chapar or chappar, An iron ring. A hedge, an enclo
mersed. & A-chah-i pukhtah, A bricked well. ~ ,<\- sure. A thatched roof. A thong put under a seam to strengthen it.
chh-i past, The world. &
2'- chh-i zankh, The pit of the P J-- chapsidan (or c- chasidan), To turn away.
chin. J .*- chah-i shukuk, Name of a well on the road to To hold any thing. To adhere, to stick together. To suit, to fit.
Mecca. j .*- chah-i zulmn, The world. The body. Pey. 39-- chapsidah shudan, To adhere.
--> *- chh-i nakhshab, The moon emerging from a well P c-- chapsin, Plaster, mortar.
(according to a fabulous tradition). The face of a mistress. P Jr- chapish or chapush, A yearling kid.
P f chapghut, A bed. A couch. A pillow, a cushion,
p >s- chh-j, An instrument for cleaning a well.
Old faded tapestry, or hangings; worn-out clothes. Quilting.
P J uss- chahaji-bash?, The leader of the band. p J- chapkalish (or J- chapklish), Labour, endea.
- rje se- chh-dalw, The sign Aquarius. The world. vour, effort, strife. A throng, a press. Crowd, want of room.
r_j\-'- chh-sr, The mouth of a well, or pit. P J- chapknji, A kind of scout or guard.
P <<!- chahak, A little well. A pit or dimple on the chin. p &- chapak, A kind of hawk.
P e5- chah-kan, A digger of wells.
P eft- chap-kan, A sort of short coat.
rj"- chh-wiz (or c- chh-win), Cleansing a well. P Jr- chapal, Foul, filthy, nasty (fellow).
A hook for drawing up a water-bucket. Sinister. P J- chaplan, A kind of shoe.
&s- chahah, A deep ditch.
P P <!-- chaplahang, The bark and the seed of the purging
P J- chhidan, To feel cold. To chatter (as the teeth).
root turpethum. The branch of a tree lopped off.
| p >|- chh-yz, An instrument for cleaning out a well. A P &- chaplak or chiplak, Indecent. Defiled, polluted.
- four-pronged hook. A spade. A pulley. Left, sinister. P Jr- chaplus (for J-), A flatterer. A muleteer.
P s- chay, (equivalent to |- cha), Tea. P &r- chaplah, A blow, a box on the ear.
re-'-chydan (or e- chyndan), To grow cold. P - chipinlik, A hair-tent for excluding the gnats.
al-i- chabchalah (or 6-- chabchah), A smooth slippery
P P **- chapnalitl, A swing, a see-saw.
(place); especially the gentle declivity of a smooth hill, down p :- chap, Plunder, pillage, sack.
which boys slide or tumble. Name of a fish. p :- chap (or Jr- chipur), The iron head of a spear.
fjr-chabdz (or Jer- chipdan), A sock; a boot-stocking. P &r- chapah, A sagacious dog. Left-handed. A rud
 Ls
--
535 }*
p cr- chapidan, To lean to the Ieft side. PJ'A- chadar or chidr, Fetters of cord or silk for horses.

pyrr-chapirah, Ready, prepared. Assembled. An assem- Py-chadr, A four-year old camel. Chadar, A remedy, a
bly, congregation, meeting of any kind. J v-To assemble. cure. (for yel- chdar) A sheet. A table-cloth. A veil.
Perr- chapin, A wicker-basket for containing bread. p', y- chudurw, The aloes-plant.
P_-- chatr; (s a ch'hatra) An umbrella, parasol, parapluie. r c-chidan (for c-chidan), To collect, to gather.
A tent, a pavilion. A parlour. The curtain of a royal tent or pr- char, A song. Chur, The organ of generation.
palace. A veil. A tuft of hair on the crown of the head. J r!-- char, Why? Wherefore ? For what reason? Pasture,
J chatr-i b-gn (or U-2 mind), The firmament. jy J a meadow. Pasturing, grazing. Cattle cropping the dry grass.
chatr-i rz (c j zarin, ,s sahar, or J nur), The sun. A marsh, a reed-bed. Chira, Why? Wherefore? A torch.
P ~|~ charb, Fat, gross.
*- 2- chatr-i samw (J- simbi or c-r- simin),
P &\,- charabah, Cream.
The moon. Moon-shine. Crze 2- chatr-i tambarin (or
J kuhli), Night. J- 2- chatr-i mr, A toad-stool. J P |-y- charaja, A field for grazing.
P <!- charkh, (equivalent to y- chargh), A lamp.
Jj chatrzadan, To walk on the hands with the feet in the air.
rejj-e- chatr-mn, A ruler, a governor, a bash. Pyls-y- char-kh'ar, A meadow; a field for grazing.
rk- chatlkuj, The pistachio-mut, or fistinut.
w-y- charkh-warah, A candlestick.
P

. p :- chatu, A veil, a covering. (CASTELLus.) r_<!- chara-khur, A meadow. (An animal) grazing.
p - chutuk, A sparrow. r_j}- chara-zar, A place abounding in pasture.

P & chattah, A thief, a robber. H Chittah, An account of P --,- charasak, A noisy grasshopper. The corn-cricket.
t P -j- charsya, (perhaps from Ktaro;) A cherry.
the lands of a village divided into dngs or portions.
r c-chatin, The fore and after part of a saddle. A kind P y- chargh also chiragh, A lamp. The wick of a candle.
of hops which grow on willow-grounds. (CASTELLUs.) A horse's rearing. A pasture, a field. A guide, a director. A
rzs chijj, A leathern case with several compartments. client, a dependant. --- .#y- chargh-i chashm, Offspring.
P chach, A kind of sieve. (for z-), A heap of corn. J- -.V- chargh-i sipihr, Sun, moon, and stars. ex: &W-
p s- chachak, A rose. . A lovely cheek. A mole, a spot. chargh shudan, To shine, to be bright. To become a client.
-P & 1s chachalah, A slippery place. Chuchulah, Lingula. j * -j- chargh-i tlam-afrz, A lamp illuminating the
*** chuch, A garden. A nipple. (Burhn-i ktie.) world, i. e. A thing known to all. J-5 y- chargh kushtan,
P * chakh, Altogether. Necessarily. Labour, attention. To extinguish a candle. es .#y- chirgh-i mughn, Wine.
War, enunity, opposition. Twisting, contortion. A scattering; a PAT *V= chargh-khur, Abundance, plenty. Affluence.
P e- charghn, Lamps. An illumination.
pouring out of wine. A scabbard. A grass-plot. Dross, filth.
P *** chakhachakh, The clashing of swords. Strife. P &\ \,- charagh-banah, The stand of a lamp. A candlestick.

P A-la- chakhachakhi, Wrangle, perverse disputation. P \;=\;- chargh-pa (&\! pyah or 3, barah), The foot of
?
P als chakhkh, A flint and steel for striking fire. a lamp. A portable lamp. A candlestick. A horse rearing.
t

-
res chakhn, Squabbling, contending. Striving. P& #y- chargh-parah, A lamp.
A candle-moth.

-

P s chakht, A coveting, a longing desire. Hope.
*** chakhch, A swelling in the throat.
r, s chakhchir, Trowsers, long breeches.
PU s chaksh, Scrofula, the evil. A swelling in the throat.
Pain, a disease. A scraping the hair off skins. A bat.
P & Ks- chakhak, A mole on the body. The cheek.
P Js- chakhgul, One who makes a pilgrimage on foot.
P **** chakhmkh, A little bag in which soldiers carry fuel,
a fire-steel or tinder-box. A battle-axe fastened to the saddle.
P **** chakhmagh (or Jk chakhmak), A fire-flint.
P Jk chakhidan, To strive, to endeavour. To contend,
Pjr. #y- chargh-parhez, A lanthorn, a screen to a candle.
PT J- chargh-ch?, A lamp-lighter.
P easy- chargh-dn, A large lamp, a lustre, or chandelier
suspended from the roof. Any stand or vessel for a lamp.
P t- chiraghak, A little lamp. A glow-worm.
P J- chargh-kush, Engaged in any shameful work.
P j #y- chargh-kushn, A deed which shuns the light.
P &ley- chirghalah, A glow-worm.
p 3)}:\,- chargh-wirah, A lamp, a lantern.
P <!, #y- chargh-wasah, A moth howering round a candle.
P 99-ye- chargh-warah, A candlestick. A horse rearing on

to quarrel. To grow hot. To freeze. To be bent or curled. his hind legs. A moth flying round the candle.
To be attacked by a disease (a steer). res- chargh, Land bestowed for the lighting up of a
* **** chakhidah, Stricken. Driven forward. Muhammadan mosque or tomb. A present made to a Mla' for
* crs chakhin or chikhin, Filthy. Chikhin, Coloured. offering up oblations at the tomb of a saint. Alms given to
 P)+
beggars who walk the street at night, as the class called Naksh
bandi. A present to soothsayers.
P &\,- charkeh, Because that.
p s- chara-gah (or <!-), A meadow, a pasture.
p y- chara-gar, Any grazing animal. Alone, single.
p - charam, A meadow, a pasture; a field for grazing.
p c- charmn, A meadow, a field for grazing. Forage.
, P ey- charan, (A beast) grazing. Grazers.
P easy- charndan, To graze. (CASTELLUs.)
P **y- charandah, Shepherds. (CASTELLUs.)
P J- charnidan, To cause to graze, to lead to pasture.
P **y- charayindah, Grazing. A grazier.
p JV- chara-7, Price paid for pasturage, agistment.
P J-A- charayidan, (for sy- charah-gah) A pasture.
P ;- charb, Fat, greasy. Corpulent. Viscous, glutinous.
Thick, grumous. Smooth. Conquering, overcoming.
vailing. A kind of water. * <-- charb-pahl, Fat. A
man from whom one gains profit and advantage. --> -->
charb-dast, One who has a nice hand at any work; expert, dex
terous. Wise, intelligent. e.93 -j- charb-zaban or; --
charb-g, One who hath a smooth tongue to persuade, wheedle,
or deceive. Agreeable, conversable, entertaining. Eloquent.
J -j- charbkardan, To anoint, rub, make supple and sleek.
PAT -- charb-khur, A cratch full of fodder; affluence. sphere. Je t- chark-i dawwar, The revolving
P J- churban, A collar. A triangular gusset sewed under Changeable fortune. &AS Jj, y- charkh-i zarin-kasah,
the arm-pit. A scabbard.
p\, -- charb-bl (or "; kmat), Tall, handsome.
r_F -- chart tar, Better, excelling, preponderating.
P ex~ charb-ridd, The fat upon the entrails. (Castellus.)
P Gj -- charb-zabni, Persuasion, flattery.
rv-charbish, Fat, liquid fat of broth. A neigh, a whinny.
Pe c-charb-shirin, Delicious, savoury, relishing food.
p\}< <-- charb-ghis, Dainties, viands. -
P SA- charbak, Calumny. A thin cake or wafer fried in
oil and given away at funeral obsequies. Cream. Thin paper
for tracing drawings. Churbak, A plausible lie. Slander, evil
surmise. Sarcasm. A laughing-stock. Shame. An enigma.
r- charb-nizr, Fat and lean (meat). (CASTELLUs.)
p >2- charbit, Fat. Fatness. Glue, starch.
p <<--> -- charb o khushk, (met.) Good and bad.
or less, Liberality and avarice. Liberal and churlish.
r & A- charbah, Thin paper used for tracing writing or draw
ing. Fatness. Cream. A spinning-wheel. A lathe.
ruse-charbi, Fat, grease. Suet. Mildness, softness. Rec
titude. Facility, ease. Success, prosperity. J J- char7
Kardan, To do any thing slowly or remissly. To make haste,
to despatch business. To anoint.
r_\e 22- charbi-dr, Fat, fleshy, sleek, or pursy.
p e-A- charbzdan, To prevail, be victorious. To abound.
536 t
r?,*- charpuz, Strong, powerful, overcoming. Deceitful.
r &AE- chirapnah, A fire-steel.
rjje- charpitz, Useless. Stupid. Mean, miserly. Wicked,
r &/-chartah (or s- chardah), Colour, hue. Skin.
p >> chirchir, Wild mustard-seed.
r &e-- chirchah, A kind of thistle of which camels are fond.
* {j- charkh, (s chakra) The celestial globe, the sphere.
Fortune, chance. Circular motion. Everything revolving in
an orbit, as a wheel, or a wheeled carriage, a pulley, a watch
wheel, mill-wheel, water-wheel, or spinning-wheel; a reel, the
wheel of a turner, cutler, or other artificer. A mill; an oil or
wine-press. The circular dance of the Muhammadan dervishes,
A cupola, or dome. A cart. A cross-bow. A bow in a very
tense state. The collar of a garment. A shirt. A white falcon,
A whetstone. A hyena. Name of a city in Khursn. **
Pre J chark-i asir, The aethereal sphere, or that of the moon.
(Synonymous to which are ris- akhzar, Green, &- w; tarsa
jamah, Christian's garb, U-2 3:- sufi-libas, Sufi's dress,
eyves gandana-gun, Leek-colour.) v w- charkh-i
atlas, The crystalline sphere where the Muhammadans imagine
the throne of God is fixed. (Also, J akbar, Greatest, c
barn, Uppermost, nuhun, Ninth.) r- ** charkh-i
chamburi (Je dolb; and J3&c mudawwar), The celestial
heaven,
The fourth heaven, i. e. the solar sphere. Je c- **
charkh-i sang-dil, The first and fourth sphere, i.e. those of
the moon and sun. J *J- charkh-i ghallah, A corn-cart.
<<3 *A*- charkh-i fatak, The passion-flower. *::: t
charkh-i kabud (or U-c mind), The azure sky. j- < t
charkh-i kinah-ss (J- sitam-kr or _\xi ghaddr), For.
tune, preparing misfortune, i.e. unhappy fate. U-> **
charkh-i mukawwas, The celestial orb. The Zodiac.
P}\,\!" t- charkh-andz, An archer.
p --, *J- charkh-irisak, Name of a noisy chirping insect.
* JJ &r- charkh-zan, A spinner. A dancer. A traveller.
P}\- c-charkh-s z, Moving in, forming a circle. Circular,
r 4.5- charkhusht, A wine, oil, or other press.
P *J- charkhalah, Succory; also its flower. A thistle.
More P & charkhah, A wheel of any kind. A reel. A circular
shield. A whirlwind. Heaven, the sphere. A gin for catching
animals. Weak, languid. An Arabian thorn or thistle. A
nag, a jade, a garran. Jej <-- charkhah sadan, To spin
P_r <-- charkhah-tir, An axle-tree.
P Jj <-- charkhah-can, A spinner.
Pussy- charkhi, Spherical. Celestial. Voluble. A globe.
A spinning-wheel. A kind of fire-works, a catharine wh
A dumb-waiter. A pulley. Soaring in a circle. A machine for
separating cotton from the seed. A silken west. Satin. A privy:

ex
i. r y- chard, A sill, threshold. Charad, A bay colour. Skin.
Charrad, A fray, a broil, a battle.
rel- chardn, A plate (for receiving contributions for the
poor). A staple, the hasp of a padlock.
rye- churdarah, A slice of a sheep's tail fried in its own fat.
f so- chardah, A bad horse, a sorry nag. A blackish locust.
Name of an herb. Skin. When added to nouns of colour, it
denotes an approach to the tint which such noun expresses; as
s- s-, siyh-chardah, Blackish, tending to black. 89-99;
zard-chardah, Yellowish, of a straw-colour, somewhat yellow.
P3,-- charz, A bustard. A bird of game, the flesh of which
is very delicate and tender.
p f charzah, The skin of the face or body.
rv- charas, A prison. Confinement. Pain. The rack.
A vat in which they press out the juice of grapes by treading.
A field for pasture. A spirituous liquor. A certain bird. Alms.
r 2- charist, A gnashing of the teeth. Weakness.
re-j- charastidan or chiristidan, To gnash the teeth.
re)- Lve- charas-dn, Amendicant's scrip.
P C- charsh, A good pasture. Charish, Pasture. Taste,
537
-
P e'- charm-dn or charam-dn, A leathern purse or bag.
rjl-r- charm-sz, A worker in leather, a currier, a tanner.
P ve- charmak, The ball on a spindle. Churmak, A riddle.
**- charm-i gw, A thong, a lash, a scourge.
t c- charm-gur, A bow-string.
P & 2,2- charmah, A horse. A white or gray horse. The hire
of infamous boys. See also c-charminah.
P : <!-- charmah-puld, An iron-gray horse.
r &e- charminah, Leathern.
rjje & s- charminah-dz, A shoemaker, a cordwainer.
r J; d-f-charminah-arsh, A vender of shoes.
P & charand, Pasture. Grassy. Grazing. A quadruped.
A shepherd. A, , f charand o parand, Beasts and birds.
r 33,3- Charand-b, Name of a place in Tabriz.
P r- charandu, Gristle. Grazing.
P s- charandah, A grazer, a grazing animal. Gristle.
P <&AE- charang, Anything either new, original or elegant.
Chiring, The jingling or tinkling of bells. Echo.
P <&- charangak, Name of a very small bird. t

flavour, relish. A feast, entertainment, a holiday. A species of
wheat. A kind of pottage.
P *A*- chargh, A bird of the hawk-kind.
P - chirgha, A large dish. A rundlet.
P J- charghn, A seal for public deeds, a royal signature.
P Ar- charghad, Alamp, or candlestick. Chirghad, A cricket.
**r- charghand (and s- charghandah), Sheep's guts
filled with meat. A lamp. A glow-worm. A horse that rears.
F}</- charghanii, A wine-vessel. A musical instrument.
PJ- charghl (or ex, - charghn), Lamb's tongue.
**-charghinah, Wicked, villainous.
P <- chark, A bird which hangs by its claws and chirps
during the night. Chirk, Dirt, filth. Ordure. Matter. Spittle.
e *%- chirk-i ahan, Dross of iron. Lt- chirk-i
gosh, Ear-wax. Charak, A wound, a sore.
*%- chirk-b, Filth, dirty water. Hogwash, draft.
P f 9- chirk-ld, Filthy, nasty, dirty squalid.
P u-- Charkas or Chirkas, A Circassian.
P <<- charkamak, Name of a small bird.
P c- chirkin, A running sore. Temporal goods.
P c- chirkin, Nasty, filthy, slovenly. Sordid. Rusty,
mouldy. Deformed, ugly, unsightly. (for Jr- sarkin), Dung.
ej J- chirkin shudan, To be dirty, base, disfigured.
*A*- chargar, A musician. A singer. Churgar, A Mufti
or judge. A priest presiding at prayer. A prophet.
* &- chargah, A ring made by huntsmen verging inwards.
*** charm, Ga) Leather; a skin, a hide. Cow-leather,
for making sandals, soles of shoes or slippers. Coarse camel
leather. j Zr- charm-i sher, A thong. Charam, A valley.
p c- charangidan also chiringidan, To jingle, tinkle,
rattle, make a creaking noise. To be struck. To hollow, scoop.
p >> chiriw, A whelp, a cub. A tumour, a wen. (CAstellus.)
P J- charwish, Fat seen beneath the skin.
P - charuk, Bread. Crumbs of bread left in a wallet.
Charuk or charwak, Crumbled bread. Churwuk, A ply, a fold.
Pe-Charican, The ancient name of the city of Ormuz.
pus-x- charawn;7, A grain resembling pepper.
P &- charwand (also s- charwandah), A sort of lan
tern or case for carrying a lamp about.
A lamp-stand.
P s- charwandah, Running. Going. Imploring help.
Pe- charteidan, To seek assistance. To go about.
r sw- chartridah, Seeking assistance. Running.
P f churah, A beardless youth. Churrah, A male falcon.
rj\,\- charhawaz (or 3">;-- charhawaz), A bat.
Puy~ charidan, (s RR) To graze, pasture, crop herbage.
Puj J- charyish, Fat. Viscous, clammy. Glue.
P - chark, Auxiliary forces. A man sent to a zamin
dr to supply forage for an army. Origin, beginning.
P & re-charinah, The ventricle of a ruminating animal, tripe.
rj- chaz, An ape. Chuz, A cricket. A woodpecker. Ever.
reje- chazd, A noisy insect resembling a locust, abounding in
hot weather, and which the poor sometimes eat.
A hiss.
r sy- chazdarah, A corn-cricket. A kind of bird. A whis
tling noise. A gentle sound. Bits of fat or fried sheeps' tails.
r s- chazdah, A dry stick. A black locust. A certain
noisy bird. A twisted gut. A whistle. A gentle sound.
P {j- chi:gh, A porcupine. Chazagh, A species of hawk
or kite, with a bald head and white wings.
p <- chizak, A porcupine.

3 Z
 C--- 538 **
T 4-5- chismah, A boot, either the outer part or the lining. pyk-- chashfar, The heel. The track of wild beasts.
r_je- chizwar, The scum of melted fat. P <<-- chishk, Abounding, overflowing. Prevailing over.
p 5-chazah, The inside (of any thing). A tent. *X- chash-gar, A taster. Frumenty, flummery.
* :- chuj (or *::- chujah), The waist-band of the drawers. Pet-- chashm, The eye. Hope. An amulet or charm (par.
PU-chus, Wind that escapes without noise. ticularly of holy writ) against fascination or enchantment. The
re-- chis-n, How In what manner? individual himself (as Je tayn in Arabic). A cup. A sword
Pe- chaspan, Causing to adhere to. Coherent, attached. belt worn obliquely over the shoulder. An eye-salve composed
Wiscous, slimy. Meet, suitable. A kind of upper garment. from a black seed pulverized. ele y- chashmr ab dd,
P J-- chaspandan (or e--), To fasten, to glue. He gave his eyes water, i. e. He made them clear or to see well.
P 3.x-chaspindah, A sticker: adhesive. A snail. e --- chashm aghilidan, To dart a side-glance. --
P J-- chasp?dagz, Adhesion, attachment, affection.
e-85'9" chashm-andz shudan, To disregard, overlook, be un
p J-- chaspidan, To adhere, to stick. To incline, to have mindful of. A --- chashm-i bad, An evil eye. Je r
a propensity to unite. To turn. To be turned, converted. To chashm-i bad dur, Avaunt malicious glances! *} ---- chashm-i
be dashed together. To be affixed to the ground. To be dwarf ba rh, Expectation. e-'- 92 --- chashm bar rh dshtan,
ish. To become double. To understand. To spit out. To To be looking out for, to be impatient for. ex U-92 s
sow, to be sown. To glue, to join, to adapt, to fasten one thing chashm bar zamin agandan, To cast the eyes on the ground. To
to another. To fit. To preserve, retain. blush. To worship. J ---- chashm-i bulbul, Name of a
P & Ar-- chasp?dah, Joined, glued, cemented, attached; in certain stuff. -7 ---- chashm-i by ab, Shamelessness, ef.
clined, addicted to, fond of, liking. Turned. Sown. Fitting.
frontery. J- --- chashm-i bimar, An eye that looks half
P -- chust, Quick, brisk, active, fleet. Ingenious. Fit,
suiting. Narrow, tight. Strong. Elegant, beautiful. Accumu closed (from-modesty; an epithet of beauty). AA U--
lation, a heaping up. A kind of laced shoe. chashmash parid, His eyes twinkled or winked. -- ~~
P --- chast, Tripe. The straight gut, the rectum. Chust, chashm-i pusht, The anus. J J: -- chashm-posh shudan,
Tight, sitting well (as clothes). To wink, to connive at. U-23- -- chashm-i khuros, (Cock's
r e-- chistan, An enigma, a riddle. eye) an herb. Wine. e;7 cs- --- chashm-i khun-alid,
P - -- chust chalk, Active, alert, fleet. Eyes tinged with blood, fiery eyes, murderous looks. c- *
re-- chustan, To be accumulated, heaped together. chashm dashtan, To conceive, to hope. To expect. To observe,
P & - chastah, Harmony, harmonious sound. The skin of to contemplate. 32. !--- chashm-i roz, The sun. UA*) ---
a horse's fundament. Chustah, The ventricle of a kid, rennet. chashm rasidan, To be affected by an evil eye, bewitched. *
* -- chusti, Agility, alertness, activity, velocity, fleetness. J* ery chashm-roshan shudan, To be rejoiced. Jej *
* -- chasm, Meaning, signification (Burhn-i ktie). chashm cadan, To wink. To make a signal with the eye. To
p <-- chasang, A mark on the forehead. Clay. regard with a malignant eye. To keep awake. To fear. To
P C*- chash, Taste thou, (in comp.) Tasting, partaking of muse, to cogitate. To blush. The twinkling of an eye. *
the flavour: asu namak-chash, Salted. (for c-chashm) *j chashm-zakhm, A fatal misfortune, in consequence of witch
craft. A mishap. Diseased eyes. e 3. --- chashm-zami
The eye. Chush, A word used for making (an ass) stand still.
r - U- chish ast, What ails him : kardan, To impede, obstruct, or confine. ej:- ~~~ chashm-i
P ^\-- chasham, An eye-salve made from a black grain.
sosan, The eye of a needle. (met.) Narrowness. c 3'- *
P J- chashan, A mace of iron, silver, or gold. A passage. chashm siyah Kardan, To covet, hanker after ej J-
P c- chashanidan, To cause to taste. chashm-i say!--an, A tear-shedding eye. -* ~~ chashm-i
r_<-- chashbar, A large corn-sack. shab, The moon and stars. *:: ** ~~~ ch ashm-ishab-paymi,
r x-- chashpar (J-- chashpati, also Ug-- chashati), An eye measuring the night-watches. J*--- chashm shudan,
The mark of a foot, particularly that of a wild beast. To become plain, open, manifest. J} ---- chashm-i ghasi'.
P 3.3- Chisht, Name of a place. A bumper of wine. JA ---- chashm-i frangi, Spectacles.
P & e- chashtah, A taste, a whet. Breakfast. c --> chashm Kardan, To wound with malignant eyes. To
P 2s-- chashkham, A remedy for sore eyes. wink. *~~ chashm-i gw, Ox-eye (a plant). s
r x-- chashd, A festival observed on new-year's day. chashm-i gwnah, A large open eye. e-A --- *
P & 5 U.- chash-zakh, (An abbreviation of *j --- chashm garm kardan, To take little sleep. Je --- chashm namu.
zakhm) A misfortune attributed to witchcraft or an evil eye. dan, To reprove, to reprehend. ej, J --- chashm 0
r J-- chashish, Taste, a tasting. A frog, a paddock. gosh shudan, To be all eye and ear, to give strict attention t
 -->
*: yf h-chashm, Having the eyes of a fawn or a gazel;
genile, soft-eyed. Chasham, A medicine for weak or sore eyes.
r -- chashm-r, A remedy or charm against sore eyes,
witchcraft, or those accidents called $5 --- chashm-zakhm.
r J --- chashm-aghil (J --- chashm-aghul or ---
J chashm-ighil), A glance from the corners of the eyes.
rv" --- chashm-alus, Looking askance, glancing upon.
PJ," --- chashm-awar, An amulet (suspended in gardens to
preserve the fruit from malignant eyes). A wall-eyed horse.
r2: --- chashm-wz, A kind of net-work make of hair,
worn by women as a veil. A fly-net put over a horse's head.
r x ><-- chashm-band, Fascination of the eyes. A woman's
veil (of fine black silk). A lady's slipper. (CASTELLUs.) .
P* *-- chashm-bandak, Blind-man's buff; hide and seek.
PU --- chashm-bos, Kissing the eye (a friendly salute)
nearly synonymous with U-> --- dast-bos, Kissing the hand.
** --- chashm-bind, Quick-sighted. Acute, intelligent.
P * --- chashm-panam, An amulet worn against the effect
of witchcraft, or **j --- chashm-zakhm. A sword-belt worn
obliquely over the shoulder. (CASTELLUs.)
* : *:: --- chashm-posh?, A turning away of the eyes; the
affecting not to see or hear (a petitioner). Connivance.
P v- --- chashm-psh, Modest, bashful, shamefaced. --- --> chashmi-
c; U chashm-pesh giritan, To veil the eyes. To blush.
P}, --- chashm-tar, Moist-eyed, shedding tears. A weeper.
P Jr- -- chashm-chidan, A charm for malignant eyes.
r &&. *-i- chashm-khanah, The hollow or socket of the eye.
* ~\e --- chashm-dsht, Hope, confidence. Desire.
P 63"> --- chashm-dnah, A grain used as an eye-salve.
P *29- chashm-daridah, Shameless, immodest, impudent.
* {} --- chashm-zgh, Blue-eyed. Shameless.
P J; --- chashm-cal, Just, equitable. (Burhn-i ktia.)
p 25 --- chashm-zad, An amulet made from glass beads to
counteract the influence of malignant eyes.
f s --- chashm-zadah, Struck, or hurt by a malignant eye.
Balked, baffled, disappointed.
* ej *-- chashm-zan, A small black grain good for sore eyes.
*A* --- chashm-sr, The mouth of a well, or fountain.
r 3 --- chashm-fis, One who pretends to stop the effects
of witchcraft, or **) --> chashm-zakhm, by counter-spells.
P <<- chashnak, A small eye. A peep-hole. Spectacles.
A wink. A black shining grain made up into an eye-salve. Hire.
Dog's tooth (an herb). A shoe. eye; <<-- chashmak za
dan, To wink, to make a sign with the eye.
* ej <<-- chashmak-zan, A wink, a leer, a side-glance.
p <-- chashm-gashtah, Blind of an eye. Squint-eyed.
P J- chashmaln, The ball of the eye, the pupil. Name
of a black grain used as a remedy for weak eyes.
* f --- chashm-narm, A beardless boy of handsome family.
539 \*-*
P c L. --- chashm-nam-i, A reproof, a reprimand.
P * -- chashm-wahm, An amulet worn against the ef
fect of witchcraft or --- chashm-zakhm.
P &V-> c-chashm o chirgh, Dearly beloved. (HUNTER.)
p &^ -- chashmah, A fountain, a source, a spring. The sun.
Spectacles. The eye of a needle. <!-- 2 sar-i chashmah,
A source, a spring-head. e):- <-- sar-i chashma-i
haywan, The head of the fountain of life. Ji- *-- chashma-i.
akhzar, The fountain of immortality. The mouth of a mistress.
Wine. U-7 <-- chashma-i tish, The fire of a smithy.
The
sun. J *-i- chashma-i tadbir, The brain. A thinking
mind. A prudent man. 23); *~ chashma-i tarz, The eye
in which the tongue of the scales plays. 8-5 <-- chashma-i
tagh, The lustre of a cimeter. e':- <-- chashma-i haywan,
'- *~~ chashma-i khwari (or J33
The fountain of life.
khr), The sun. C- <-- chashma-ikhn, The heart. 3--
A- chashmah dar mahi, The sun in Pisces, c, <--
chashma-i rshan, The sun. -- <-- chashma-ismab,The
sun. The moon. Day. -\al <-- chashma-isulumt, The
fountain of darkness. c- * -- chashma-i kir-gun, A night
as dark as pitch. *A*- chashma-i garm, The sun. <--
gulasb, Name of a fountain in Khursn.
Jy *** - chashma-i nosh, The fountain of life. The mouth
of a mistress. 2- ~~~~ <-- chashma-i haft akhtar, The
Pleiades. J <!-- chashma-i hor, The sun.
r_j\- **-- chashmah-sar, Abounding in springs; a fountain.
P --- chashmizak, A black shining grain resembling a
pippin, with which, when pulverized, they anoint the eyes.
re-chashn, A feast. A nuptial-feast. Fever-heat.
rj- c-- chashn-ss, Name of the first day of the month.
Jj 3-- chash
p 3.x.<-- chashandah, A taster. J,
anda-i shirin o talkh?, A taster of sweet and bitter.
re--- chashni, Taste, savour. A trial, an essay.
P J--- chashidan, (s atT) To taste.
P **-- chashidan?, Fit to be tasted.
P 3-- chashidah, Tasted. One who has tasted.
P_r-- chashir, (AJ-jashir), A large corn-sack.
r y-- chashirah, A kind of frumenty.
rja- chitazor (for J.P 3-), How In what manner
r - chagh, A spider's web. A churn-staff. A spinning
wheel. Ebony. Chigh, A sort of screen made of split bamboo,
used as blinds. Chugh, (s HT) A yoke. A draught-ox.
r_\x- chaghar, The sound of an instrument. A bad woman
who calls names. A cellar for storing grain.
P *A*- chighrah, A dry well in which they lay up grain.
r_j\x- chaghz, A brawling, abusive, shameless woman.
r &\xi~ chaghalah, A flight of birds. Unripe fruit.
r &\k-chaghmah, Poetry. A poem, a kind of verse, an ode.
3 Z 2
 c-
P ex- chaghn, An instrument for preparing cotton. A note
in music. Striving to the utmost of one's power. Industrious,
diligent. Name of a city. See also &\xe- chaghnah.
P &\- chaghnah, A violin, a shepherd's pipe; also a kind
of staff like a sceptre, to which are fixed three cymbals, which,
by motion, make a kind of music, and are generally used as an
accompaniment to other instruments. Four wooden timbrels
(two beat with each hand) used for the same purpose. An organ.
A poem. Active, industrious. Name of a water-plant.
P J- Chaghniyn, Name of a certain part of Samarkand.
r x- chaghbut (or c-- chaghbt), Wadding of cot
ton or the like for quilting or stuffing cushions.
P $- chaghbulugh, Moan, cries of sorrow.
P - chaght, The inward roof of a house, the ceiling.
P**- Chaghty, Name of a Turkish tribe, or nation.
P &-chughtah, A cion grafted into a vine.
P Ak-chughd, An owl. A knot of hair tied in the neck. A
niched battlement. Chaghad, A falcon's roost.
r J- chughdawal (or J*- chughdal), Rear of an army.
r x- chaghr, A turning towards. Honour, respectful atten
tion. Inquiry, search, Fear. A looking behind. Chughr, A
frog. Chaghar, A wall-eyed horse.
P <!-- chughrt, (See -j-jughrt).
r &A-chighristah, Tongs. Chughrastah, Sewing-thread.
r & j-chaghrishtah, A ball of thread of an oval form.
f s- chaghrandah, A fearer. Timorous, timid.
rej-chaghridan, To fear, to suspect. To turn towards.
r s- chagridah, Affrighted. Honoured, esteemed.
rj- chaghz, A frog. A wound whose lips being closed, the
foul matter is confined within it. A groan. Fear. Chaghaz,
A very white grass growing in a tuft resembling a broom.
P &j- chaghzbah or chaghzwah, A frog. Water-moss.
P Jj- chaghznidan, To croak (as a frog).
P *M- chaghzparah (or *}}*- chaghzwrah), The green
film or scum observed to float on stagnant water.
P sj- chaghz-lwah, A film floating on stagnant water.
Pe- chaghzidan, To fear. To honour. To lament.
<<- chughuk (or $- chughuk), A sparrow.
P
P J- chaghal, A plait, a fold, a wrinkle. A leathern drink
ing-vessel much used by travellers. Chighil, Black clay.
ghal, A coat of mail. Chughul, An informer.
P25- J- chughul-khur, A tale-bearer, backbiter, informer.
P .595- J*- chughul-khuri, Back-biting, tale-bearing.
P J- chuguli, Tale-bearing.
P **- chaghmnistan, (in ancient Persian) To stand up.
Pc--- chaghnat (or <---- chaghnast), Wadding.
P<- chaghand or chughand, Hair tied in a knot in the neck.
py-&- chughundur, Rape. Beet.
P <<- chaghnak, An owl. A swallow.
540 <<
P & s- chaghnah, A small owl. A martin, a swallow. A note
in music. An active, industrious man. Chughnah, A sparrow.
Chaghanah, A musical instrument. See &W- chaghanah.
r x-chughu, An owl. A sparrow.
P *- chagh-warah, Water-moss. A frog.
r_j x- chughur, A pullet.
P -- chughuk, A sparrow. Name of a water-bird.
P J- chaghul, A pit, a hole in the ground.
Pe- chaghidan, To seek, try, endeavour, aspire to. To
murder, to shed blood. A curl, a fold.
P &\le- chafalah, A flight of birds.
P -- chaft, A saloon. The roof of a house, formed like
an arch or cupola. A prop. An arbour. 83.c- chaft-i
Jalak, The celestial vault. Chift, The chain of a door. A
spouse, a husband, a wife. A companion. A pair, a peer. A
couple. A yoke of oxen. A twin. Chut, A tight garment.
A beam placed to shore up a building.
* -- chuflak, A kind of crane called also <<!9%.
Pe-chaftan, To understand.
r & chaftah, A sheep's head. A prop for a vine. A bat.
A vaulted roof. Curved, bent. Injurious suspicion, malignant
imputation. An equal, a peer.
PU-- chifti, Parity, equality. Union, association.
P **- chafalah, Bent, curved. A bunch of grapes. A sheep's
head. Suspicion.
P y-chafrastah, Tongs, forceps. Chafrustah, A reed
used by weavers to wind their thread upon. Raw thread.
* J-- chasidan, To incline. To keep, to preserve. To
come much. To stick. To fit. (See c->.)
P 39-- chasidah, Joined, pressed, knit together.
Pe- chaan. A scabbard. (CAstellus.)
P <<- chufnuk or chafnuk, A heron, a crane.
* Q- chifad(or ex-jifud) (for exi.), (HEB. Tin") A Jew.
P c-chak, A churn-staff. Chik, A screen made of split
bamboos to exclude the glare. Chuk, A yoke. A draught-ox.
P J"-li- chakchk (or J--), The clashing of swords.
PAjai-chi-kadar, What quantity ? How much?
r_*- chakar, A tavern. (Burhn-i ktit.)
Ps-s- chakmachi, Sarcasm, reproach, scoff, jeer.
Chu T c- chakmk (or G^{- chakmak), A flint.
TJ- chakmki, A firelock.
r_<- chukundur or chukandar, Beet-root.
Pe- chakidan, To fix a spike, drive a nail. To dash;strike
together, or become tumultuous. To litigate. To be deficient
P <<- chak, The written and signed sentence of a judge or
magistrate. An obligation, a deed, a bond, a note. A wooden
mallet used in taking cotton out of the pods. A kind of wooden
fork with several prongs or branches, with which they agitate
corn that the wind may clear it of the chaff. A cart. The noise
made in breaking a stick, or in masticating a crust. The lower
 2

C-K.
jaw and chin. A word. Perished, annihilated. Vine-pruning.
Drop, or dropping (from J-chakidan). v- chak
nawis, An actuary, a registrer. Chik, A walnut, the kernel of
which is not easily got from the shell. A drop. One side of four.
An eighth part of a thing. Chuk, Penis. The knee.
541 J
things as musk, powders, and drugs. A perch, a roost. Chakas,
A roost. Shame, modesty.
P 4-(2-chaksah, A perch or roost for birds. Little niceties.
A bit of paper for wrapping up powders, and the like,
P eye-K- chakas?dan, To blush, to be confused.

|- chak, A lark.
P
r J-chakish (from J-chakidan), An oozing or drop
p &\- chakbah, A beetle used by washers or fullers.
ping. Liquefaction. Chakush, A brazier's hammer.
P c-- chakchak, The clashing noise made by swords. P <<- chakak, A silken cord. Chukak, A tent-rope. A
The sound of a stroke of a dagger. Drawing, a draught. silken band or girdle. Chukuk, A sparrow.
P c- chakad, The top, the crown of the head. The hind H 49- chaklah, Whatever falls from its place. A district,
head, the middle of the head. Bald from the forehead to the the jurisdiction of a Fawjdr; as the al- of Hgli in Bengal.
Crown, The summit of a mountain. A partridge. A shield. rj- chakliz, The pains of child-birth.
P sol- chakdah, The crown of the head. A shield. ev- chakman (or er- chakman), A woollen cloak.
P

P 99- chikrah (from 4- What? and jS business), Useless. <<- chakmizak, A suppression of urine, a strangury.
P

Pj- chikri, Useless, contemptible, worthless. J- chakan, A rich silk. The evening. A woollen cloak.
P

p 4-3- chaksah or chiksah, A hedge-hog, an urchin. Chakin, (chikin, or w- chikin), A kind of cloth wrought with
* s- chak, A lark. A small partridge. A mob, tumult. the needle in flowers and gold. Embroidery, needle-work.
P ** chakk, The forelocks. A conveyancer, a notary * <! --&-chak-nmah, A roll descriptive of land-boundaries.
public. A borer of pearls, a bead-piercer.
r_<- chukundur (or jx- chukndur), Beet-root.
P <!- chakgah (or &J'K-), The leaf of a door. A drop. rj,<- chikin-doz (or - chikin-gar), An embroiderer.
P <!- chakmah, A poem exceeding eighteen couplets. J- chikin-doz, An embroidered robe; needle-work.
P

re-chakn, (in comp.) Dropping, distilling. e- ex * K- chaku, A fiddle-bow, a plectrum. A silken band. A
khun-chakn, Dropping blood. Chikn, What thing : sparrow. A kind of very rich silk. The evening.
P G- chakana, Besprinkling, wetting. (CAstELLUs.) P z- chakuj (or z- chakitch), An iron tool for notching
Pex- chakandan, To drop, to trickle, to distil. mill-stones. Name of a bird somewhat bigger than a sparrow.
P *-> <<- chak o chanah, Talking much; a babbler.
Pe- chakndan (from c-), To make drop.
ry;&- chakur, A bird of the partridge-kind.
**-chakr (-\-chakwak or s-chakrah), The P%- chakk, A lark. Purslain. The mourning of a dove.
cooing of a dove. Castanets. A certain water-bird. A lark.
A note in music. Chukk, A sparrow.
A small partridge. The summit of a mountain. The crown of & K- chikawnah, Name of a bird.
P
the head. The forehead. A note in music. <- chakah, Small, minute. Chakkah, A drop.
P
P s- chakw-gh (or s- chakawah-gah), A notch
re:K-chaki, Red goat's leather. The pivot of a mill.
at the end of a bow into which the string goes. P J- chakidagi, A drop. Distillation.
P s- chakh, A mountain's top. The crown of the head.
P J- chakidan, To drop, distil, flow, ooze, trickle.
r- chakij, A mallet, a hammer. p **{- chakdah, Dropped, oozed out. A mace. ex- 3-3-
*** chaichik (<-- chakichak also c-- chakida-i khn, Red wine. Chukidah, Sucked.
P %- chakizak, A suppression of urine, a strangury.
chakchk), The snoring of people asleep. A smacking kiss.
The clashing of swords. The chattering of the teeth from cold. P <<- chakik, Name of a bird bigger than a sparrow.

P <- chakchak, The noise made by water in dropping rj-chagr, The hind-head. The crown of the head. The
The chattering of the teeth from cold. The clashing of swords. ridge of a mountain.
Chikchik, The crackling noise made by the damp wick of a P <\- chugashah, A porcupine, a hedge-hog.
candle. Chukchuk, News spreading on every side. P J- chagl, A butt for archers. A drop. Thick, heavy.
Pex- chak-dan, Eloquent. <&- chagmah, A poem of more than eighteen couplets.
P

*K- chikar, Name of a dish. (CASTELLUs.) j- chaggni, A kind of melon.

P

**-chikarnah, A heron, a crane. r- chagaw, A lark. A small partridge. A mob, tumult.

ft- chakrah, Foam, froth. A bubble.
P
*X- chigar, The liver. (See:-). Harm, loss. (CASTELLUs.)
r-chakri, Mustard. Chukri, Sorrel. <- chuguk, A sparrow.
P

*%- chakzabah, Froth.

p J- Chigil, Name of a city in Turkistan famous for hand
P

L-- chaks, A bit of paper in which they wrap up such some men and expert archers. Name of a temple in the same
p
 &= 542 \**
city the ministry of which is attended upon by females. Name P <<!- chilk, A ladle, skimmer. Chulk, A spoon. A spindle.
of an idol-temple in China. Name of a people. Clay, dirt. Chaluk, Steel. The game of tip-cat, Chulak, A silken-band.
pJ- chugundar, Beet-root. A ball of packthread or silk. A sparrow.
rt- chagk, A lark. Chugiak, A sparrow. h *- chilam, The round plate to which is stuck the tobacco
P-- chugig, The corn-cricket. Name of an herb. in a hukah, generally a thin bit of unglazed tile, and upon the
J- chignagi (from &- chigunah), The nature,
P or contrary side of which the fire is put.
manner of a thing. Circumstance, matter, quality.
P c- chilum, The fortieth.
P &- chigunah, How 2 of what kind In what manner:
reer J- chil mardan, The leather fixed to the vacant

p J- chal, The ear (interior and exterior). The middle of part of a saddle. (HUNTER.)
the sea. An imbankment against the overflowing of a river.
(imp. of e- chalidan), Go thou. Chil, Half-witted, a fool.
A horse whose off fore foot and hind stirrup-foot are white.
Freckled, measled. (for J- chihal), Forty. Chul, The penis.
P !- chilla, The forty days of Lent during which the religious
fraternities in the East shut themselves up in their cells, or re
main at home. Quarantine. The period of forty days after
child-bed, during which a woman remains unclean. (HUNTER.)
p J- chalas, Fond of tidbits. A trencherman.
r - chalak, A black beetle, a tumble-dung.
P J- chilali or challi, A woman's work-basket.
*J- chaln, Current. A letter of advice from a Zamndr
to government that his rents are ready to be paid, sometimes ac
companying a remittance of the amount. An invoice.
p - chalnak or chulnak, A beetle. Chulnak, A game.
P *; e - Chaln-kh, Name of a mountain in Yaman.
p;|- chulaw, A kind of dish.
P sk- chulah, A weaver. A martial dance. Cymbals.
P <!-- chulbulah, Haste, unsteadiness. A gift to a friend.
P <!al- chalmalah, Gratuitous, without labour or purchase.
r- J- chil manrah, The throne of Solomon. The famous
ruins which are generally regarded as the remains of Persepolis.
PJle- chulnar (forJgulnr), The pomegranate-flower.
r;-t- chalanchi, One who soon dirties himself; a sloven.
p :- chal, A bat, a bandy.
P z:- chalj or chuli, A tool for notching mill-stones.
p --->|- chal-chb, A kind of boy's game. A spit.
P ex- chalad, A large village, a town.
P - chalawk, A halter tied round a horse's neck. Chuluk,
A rope for tying the head of a mill.
P e- chalun, A screen, a blind.
P - chalnak, Melon-seed and flowers. Name of a man.
P <!- chillah, A bow-string. A selvage. Lent. Forty days
of the extreme of heat, cold, or rain.
r- chalp, A cross. Anything crooked or bent. A
ringlet. *- chalip-i falak, A cross formed by the
colure's intersecting the equinoctial.
P e-'- chalidan, (s) To walk, go, move. To make
v.

- chalap, Two broad plates of brass used as a musical haste. To champ (the bit), gnaw (a bone).
P **!- chalidah, A bone-ring worn by archers on the thumb,
p

instrument A noise, a clamour, a disturbance. p >> cham, An easy air. A vacillating motion in walking,
4-'- chilpasah, A small Lybian lizard, very venomous.
P
Gained. Prepared, arranged. Twisted. A lane full of wind
<<!- chalpak (or J-), A cake fried in oil or butter.
P
ings. Signification, meaning, energy. The eye. The breast.
P <!-- chulpulah, Restless, uneasy. A disk made of platted reeds used to winnow corn. A wooden
r &le-challah, A flower. ladle. A summer-garment. Sin, crime. Chim, A green film
p t-J- chil chargh, A brilliant illumination. Chum, Boast, bluster, g
which floats
on stagna water. nt
P J- chalchal, Unsteadiness. conade. A living creature. Grape-stones or husks. Intense
P J4- chilchilah (from J- chil, for J- chihal forty), A cold. An eye-salve prepared from a black shining grain,
kind ofortoise (because it creeps forty days). Sophs or reli --t- chamcham or chumchum, The forelocks.
P

gious mendicants (because they sit on some occasions forty days

in one place). A kite. A frog. Chulchilah, A tortoise. A frog.
P t- chamkh, A bridle, a rein, a bit.
P J- chumk, An iron mace, a wooden club. A lad". -

r &Ju-l- chil slah (for 4- J-), Forty years old. P J- chamn, Walking, giving one's self haughty airs in

P cal- chulush, Name of an acid vegetable.
p_z=- <!- chalishtah-khur, A troublesome hanger-on.
P J- chi/subh, The forty mornings employed in mixing
up the clay for the formation of Adam.
P jla- chighzah, The cone of a fir-tree; the tree itself.
p &l- chilfah, The shaving of a pen.
P t- chilkaf, A pelisse made of fox-skins.
nah, The middle. A goblet of wine. An animal. A turquoise.
r &wi- chalkzah, A nut like the pistachio.
walking. A select party of friends. A goblet of wine. c
J chamn Kardan, To walk, move, go, proceed, step.
rt-chamnchah (also L-chamnchi), A vessel
for holding wine, having a narrow mouth and a large belly.
P & L- chamnah, A vessel made of the rind of a gourd, e
pecially carved or chased. The cup of king Jamshed. Chumi.
w
*..!
 **
P j- chamni, Walking pompously. A cup-bearer.
P J- chamndan, To walk easily, gracefully.
pr- chambar (for y- chambar), A sphere, wheel, disk.
Fus -- cham-parishi, Distinct, separate. Ambiguous.
pe ut- chamtk (or **- chamtak), A shoe.
P als chamchkh, Bent, curved, crooked.
r & str chamchurghah, A scourge, a lash.
r-t- cham cham, A ladle, a spoon. Multiplied, double.
Chumchum or chamcham, An easy air, a swinging gait. Chum
: chum, A cotton-shoe, an old soft shoe. A hoof.
. (2: p 44.5 chumchumah, The sound made by the feet in walk
x. ing. The skull. A bowl of wood or glass.
p as- chumchah, A wooden bowl. A spoon, ladle, skimmer.
i. T <<- chimdik, A nip, a pinch.
P U-j- chamrs, A sign, a miracle. (Burhn-i ktif.)
P Uta~ chamsh (for --- chashm), The eye. A portly gait
in walking. A small grain used as a remedy for the eyes.
Pe-- chamshd, The light of the moon.
P -- chamshk (or <<- chamshak), A shoe.
P - chamshah (equiv. to &-- chashmah), A fountain.
P - chamak, Power, strength. Increase. Abundance.
Authority, influence. Pomp, dignity.
rej- Chamln, Name of one of the gates of Ispahn.
P J- chaman, An orchard, a fruit-garden. A meadow, a
green field, a verdant plain, a garden plot or bed, a border, a
parterre, an avenue. An easy-paced horse. Je Zer-cha
man-i dahr, A terrestrial abode.
p *- chimn, A mule.
* <!-- chamnik (or <<- chamnak), A shoe.
* * cr- chaman-band, A gardener. A fountain. A youth.
*! c- chaman-pira, A gardener.
P*- chamand, A horse that eats voraciously, but travels
slowly. An idle, lazy fellow.
"J-- chamandkn, Whatever lives in water.
P*A*- chamandah, Cattle, or whatever lives upon the earth.
*}~ chaman-zr (or e--), Verdant meadows.
P& c- chaman-soffah, A garden-seat.
P J- chamsh, A vicious horse. A sort of shoe.
* - cham? (from -- cham), Real, true, significant.
* J-chamdan, To walk proudly, waving from side to
side. To take recreation, to go to see any thing. To incline
the mind. (s) To drink (wine, or other inebriating liquor).
* ***- chamidah, Walking easily. Bent, curved.
PU-- chamin, Waving, staggering. Urine. Grape-stones.
re-chun (for ex-chun), When. Chunn, The Jumna.
p --- chunb, A board having a circular hole through
which the tent-pole passes. Name of a large river in Panjb.
re-- chanchan, The whizzing of an arrow.
rt- chinkh, A double purse, divided by damask silk.
543 <>
pJ- chanr, Circles which women paint upon their hands
and feet with privet. Chanr or chinr, A plane-tree A pop
lar. J --- chinri o kadiyi, (It has no more resem
blance than) a plane-tree to a gourd.
rejj- chanzhan (or J- channhan), Well done!
P - changh, A mullet. Chungh (or J- chunak),
The bow of a saddle. A cup.
P J- chanal, The plantain-tree.
P J- chann, Striving. Name of a place. Chunn, Like
that, resembling that, in that manner. c- e- chunan
chunin, In this and that manner. Evasion, subterfuge.
P **- chunanchi (or &\-- chunnki), As that which.
P &\-- channah, A kind of game.
P e-- chananidan, To advise. To cause to choose.
rt- Chunawar, Name of a city in c- Khutan.
* *- chumbad, Arched work. A caper, a bound.
Pyr- chambar, A circle, a hoop. A fillet or wreath worn by
women round their heads. A kerchief, a collar, a necklace. A
cover for the chilam of a hukah. Suffocation. Bondage, cap
tivity. J 2-- chambar-i gardan, A necklace. A dog's
collar. The pillory-stocks. U- 2-- chambar-i min, The sky.
P <<-- chumbak, An assault, a leaping upon. The magnet.
P J.-- chambal, A cover for a hukah. Chumbul, A beggar.
P J}- chambalal. A swing, a see-saw.
P J.-- chumbuli, Need, lack. Mendicity.
:-- chambur and chumbur, A rein, a halter.
P &c- chumbah or chambah, A large bar, a bolt, a barricado.
A staff. A fuller's beetle. A block of wood upon which washers
beat the linen. Grape-stones. A scourge. Morose, perverse.
PJ-M- chumbidan, To jump, to rise. To run away.
II f champ, (s 3=U=F) A very fragrant yellow flower.
H J}=- chanchi, A. swing, a see-saw. (Burhn-i ktie)
r &i=- chanchah, A hammer. Chunchah, A grape-stone.
Chunchi (for 4- e-- chuman chi), So that.
rt- chinkh, A. gummy substance running from the eyes.
P & - chand, How much how many? Many, a great num
ber, a large quantity. Much. Several, some. About, nearly.
J <- chand bar, How often? sometimes, frequently. J---
chand tan, How many persons? ** Us tan? chand, Some
people. Many men. j. x+ chand r3, A few days. How
many days : 3329 A*- .*), rh-i chand rzah, A journey of
several days. &V. A- chand silah, Of few years. *->
har chand (or & A-J har chand ki), Although, neverthe
less, notwithstanding, however, how much soever, with all that,
so much the more. Often.
P'- chand, How much how many: A contribution.
PJ- chandal, (s RUGR, An outcast) A nightman.
P ex- chandn, Many, numbers, more, as many as, how
many soever, so much, so greatly. Sandal wood. Name of a
 c
s V. "
544
city in China, ex-Ae sad chandn, A hundred times more.
& Gl- chandn ki, As oft as, as much as, as many as, insomuch.
<-99 - chand dar chand, Very many, very much, very often.
P <&le-- chandnk (for &\e- chandanki), As often as.
P ile- chandni, Just so many.
T Jia- chandwul, The rear of an army. (BURHAN.)
Py- chundur, (contract. of y&-chughundur) Beet-root. gk), A man debilitated by disease, having his hands and feet
p A.3.x: - chandfund, Fear, dread, terror. Forage for cattle. contracted, lame, maimed, mutilated : unable to walk by himself.
P *A*- chand gah, Sundry times, divers seasons.
p J- chandal, Sandal-wood.
f so, & e- chand mardah, A sufficiency for several men.
rej- chandan, (s azz-T) Sandal-wood. Nightshade.
A scourge. (for e'- chandn) So much, so many, so greatly.
f s- chandah, Some. A bolt. A lash. A fuller's beetle.
p six-chandi, A quantity. Some one. Any uncertain or
indefinite number. & 2 s-chand o ch uni, All, the whole,
entirely. **-j az chandi, For some time since.
P c--- chandin, So much, so many.
res- chandini, For how much At what rate 2
P --- changhb (or c-changhilt), Quilting, wadding.
A ceiling. Old tapestry. Worn-out clothes.
P j- changhzah, A kind of pistachio-nut.
p &- chunak, A bird's beak.
P <<- chang, A crook. The hook for guiding an elephant.
The expanded hand, the fingers somewhat hooked. The claw
of a wild beast. The talon of a bird. Anything crooked or
bent. An ear-ring. A harp. A lute. A flageolet. A para
lytic. Name of the shop of the impostor Mn; also his book of
paintings. r. .<- chang-i maryam, The herb sow-bread.
*} ~~ chang-i muzah, The point or turned-up toe of a
boot. e---- ( b chang giritn, To twitch with the
fingers. Ching, The horny beak of a bird of prey. The point
of a spear. A withered hand. A spur. Chung, A kind of large
ship. A word, speech, talk. A picking up of grains.
rj- changr, Copperas, rust. A gray horse. A crab.
P J- changl, Fingers, claws, talons, pounces. A twitch,
*5-
P <-- changak, The hook used in guiding an elephant.
P J- changal, A hook. A harpoon. Fingers, claws. A
beak. Ajickling, a twitching. A forest, a desert. (See J).
ruse-chunglh, A kite.
P J-4-%.
:- changalistn, A woody country.
P --- changaluk (J- changalul or c- chan
P 4- changulah, A psaltery.
The fist. Bird's claws. A
harpoon. A hook. Chingilah, Curly hair.
P ex- Changwn, Name of a city in Hindstn.
P <-Changah, Name of a certain luxurious king.
P J- chang7, A harper, a lutanist. An actor, a comedian,
P C- changidan, To speak, to act a part in a play.
*}<- Chingiz, The famous Mogul king Gengiz Khn.
p >> chuni, (for , c- chin 5), Ashe, like him. A request.
* J. ex-chunud-pul, The bridge across the eternal fire.
p_x: - chanar, The south wind. The south.
P & e- chanah, The lower jaw, the chin.
P & e- chanah or chinah, Grain, bird's food.
ree &: chinah-dn, The crop of a bird.
P & chinibah, The heart.
p y--Chinidarah, Name of a country where it is said is a
fountain which emits musical sounds.
P c- chinidan, To admonish. To choose.
ps-- chinidah, Gathered. Elect, chosen. Spread.
P e- chanizagn, Vermin, insects.
Pj- chin?su, Ready money.
P c-- chanin, The heart. Chunin, Thus, so, in this man
p 3.2-chaninah, A wooden border round a house-wall.
f :- chil (for e- chian), When. Then. Thus, as, in the
same manner, like. If so be ; for as much as: How? A stick.
P \;=- chaic, An oil distilled from lignum aloes.
P 4-9- churcachah, A chicken.
ry- churcr, (or 9);-- juwr), Leave, licence, pardon,
P "> chiwik or chuwk, Flour dressed with oil and honey.

a nip, a squeeze. Blandishments, caresses, flattery. Slices or P J- chuwl, A sack.

balls of paste put amongst soup. A dish made of dates with
rj- chuwl-dz, A large packing-needle.
hot bread and butter. Slender-waisted. Chungal, A butt for P 3- chub or chb, A log of wood. Wood. A tree. A.
archers. A brink, margin, mouth. An orb, a disk. A plate. staff, a rod, a baton, a stick. A drum-stick. A beat" The
A round cake. A bar of gold or silver. plough-tail. A shoot of a tree, a sucker. A flock or lock of
P <-l- changl-khst (or e';*- changal-kh'n),
wool. ~2,5- t 3 khushk-chb, Dry wood. w
Balls of paste put among soup. A margin, a border. chb blizidan, To lance a spear or the like in sport. ,-:
P -, *- changl-khst, Hot bread, butter and honey. :- chb-i chini, China root. Jy;+ --> chb khrdan,
J-changlah, A claw. A trowel. A little flesh-hook. To devour the rod, i. e. to be lashed. Jj --> chb zadan,
P J- changli, Hot bread dipped amongst butter. Dough. To scourge. c -- chb-i zin, A saddle-tree. A cover
ood.
P J- changndan, To carry on war. To thirst. ing for a saddle. 2-3- chb-isurkh, Red-wood, log"
P -2 c- chang-pusht, Crook-backed. J'S 2- chb-i kr, A yarn-beam. J ,-,- chb-i nn, A
P J- Chingish, Name of a hero killed by Ruslam. rolling-pin. 9); -- chb-i naward, A weaver's beam,
 **
p\}: chb, A stake, a post.
P e---> * > chu bd bar khstan, To rise up, to leap.
re- chbn (also e- chopn), A shepherd. A horse
keeper c- c- chbn-sag, A shepherd's dog.
P j- chbn, The pastoral office.
rj -j- chb-br, A nut-shell.
pj c- chb-bz, The silk-worm's cone.
P & c- chb-band, A bridge.
P * --> chb-prah, A chip, a lath, a shaving, a piece of
wood. A species of reeds of which mats are made. A besom
for a barn. An instrument for levelling the earth.
rjs- c-chb-kh'ar, A timber-worm. Beaten.
Pyle --> chb-dr, A mace-bearer. (He carries a long
staff with a large head, the whole covered with embossed silver).
P &le;-chb-dnah, The jujube-tree and fruit.
* -- ~~~ chb-dasti, A walking-stick. A goad.
P * -j- chob-sy, A rasp. -
545 *
r- chucham, A shoe worn by dervishes.
p >> chuchu, A sparrow.
P & 3- chuchah, A swan. A chicken. A rolling-pin.
P |-3- chukha, A woollen garment. A monk's garb.
p J-3-chokhzdan, To stumble, to fall. To quarrel.
P_3- chor (or j : y :- chorpr), A pheasant.
P &y- chorabah, Water flowing from the bottom of a dam.
P & 2,2- churpah, A small species of duck.
Pj: j :- chu roz, (As clear) as day.
P 3,3- chorah, A distaff.
II f chawri, An instrument made of the long hair of the
rle- or Tibet cow, used to chase away flies. Chri, A bracelet.
PU: ; ; ;- churi-farsh, A seller of bracelets.
r_j x- chuz, Pudenda mulieris. A falcon able to catch game
before he is a year old. A pheasant. A certain thorny plant.
P }}- chuza, A kite.

r t--> chb-shikf, Cleaving wood. A wedge. P j- chuzah (also 853- chjah), A chicken, a young bird.
A notch at the end of a spindle to hold the thread. A spindle.
rej --> chb-shikan, A woodpecker. rj 335- chuzah-baz, An old woman fond of young men.
P-chb-shuw?, A fuller's beetle.
P<&- chbak, A little stick. A stick for separating cotton p"; 335- chuzah-law (or , *j;- chuzah-ruba), A kite.
H >> chawsar, A game of hazard.
from the pods. A watchman's rattle. Red-wood.
P ::- chb-kri, A drubbing. A kind of embroidery. P J-- chawsidan, To stick, to adhere.
!... P <<!- choshak, A vessel having a spout to it.
re- -- chbak-ushman, Pearl-ashes, lie.
* ej -- chbak-zan, A head watchman. A drummer. Pus-x-chaicshanz, Four years revenue.
P J- ch-kash, An instrument for cleaning cotton. P C*- chiishidan (or ex~), (s HH) To suck.

P J- chbaki, The timber of a saddle. The patrol,
nightly watch. The commander of the nocturnal guard.
p c- chakin, A wooden instrument for separating cot
ton from its seed. A watchman.
P &;- chobah, A rolling-pin. A wand. A walking-stick. A
fiddle-stick. A title of Bahram chbin.
* G- chbi, (c- chilbin, or chbin), Wooden.
P J- --> chb-yask, A staff borne by a mace-bearer.
**:- chbinah, (c-chbinah, or c-chbinak),
A woodpecker. An eagle. A swan. Name of Bahram chbin. principally for second-hand wearing apparel.
P *:- chaw-payah, A quadruped, a beast, an animal.
the P * > chugh, (s *IT) A yoke. A trench or a canal cut
through gardens or meadows. A dam, a wear.
P r- chughari, Sour milk which remains in a linen cloth
after the water is strained off. A horse of a partridge colour.
P J;- chkul or chilkul, An observator, an officer belong
ing to a judge or collector of revenue. (CAstellus.)
P 3- chok, A profound inclination or genuflexion before a
king. Name of a bird. Penis. The knee.
H 3 chok, A market-place. A daily market. A market
P - chok, Herbage.

P ** 2:- chawpar-bazi, An Indian game. s- chuklah, A district under a Fawjdr. See & =.
h

* J- chopgin, A stick for cleaning cotton. A little stick. J- chaicki, A raised seat, a chair. A guard. A place for
H

P t:- chplank, A kind of fillet for the head.
**:- chawpalah, A sort of covered sedan, or litter.
c- choplin, An instrument for cleaning cotton.
P
h ex-chaict, The fourth part: a fourth part of the revenue
formerly claimed as a right by the Mahrattahs (in India).
r-chth, of this kind. -
P- chawtarah, A raised square place either in a garden
collecting customs. A watch-house. F_\e J- chawk?-dr,
The officer of a guard. A watchman. *C- chawki-gala,
A square ornament of gold, &c. worn on the throat. L*: J
chawk-nawis, One who keeps account of outposts and guards.
P c- chg, The kneeling down of a camel. A genuflexion
before a king. An owl. Name of a bird. Penis.
P c- chawgan, A stick with one end bent, used in a game

or before a house. (Burhn-i ktie.) at ball; a crooked drum-stick; a stick having one end arched,
r-chsah, A tiger. to which is suspended an iron or steel ball, carried as an ensign of
r- chuj, A falcon trained to hunt. royalty. A game like that, in Scotland, called Golf, but played on
4 A
 \{*
horseback. J- J- chargn-isumbul, The ringlets of the
fair. Chgn, Time, an hour. If. When. Like, resembling.
rj- chawgan-bz, A player at chawgan.
P j- chawgani, A horse that rears and curvets.
P &- chgag, An owl. A large species of owl.
r J-chawl or chill, Bent. Chl, Penis. Chul, A desert.
f s- chlh, A weaver. A spider.
r- chm, Fat, tallow. The oxyacanth.
J- chmk, A club, an iron mace.
p c- chun, How? Like, in the manner of, as: Manner, ing of, four parts. The quarters of shoes.
P A musical instrument.
P <<\; \;= chahr pyak, A kind of disease.
quality. ej , c-chn-i bichign, Without likeness, in
P wJ- chahr trah, A four-stringed instrument.
comparable (an epithet of the Deity). V-> ex-y bi chun o
char, Without why or wherefore. Chun, Because, forasmuch
as, whereas, seeing that, since. When, after that.
P U2-chuna, How do you do?
Pe- chann, Just as if. So, like that. A rolling-pin.
P - S- chnnak, After what manner. Just as if:
f s- chanah, In this manner, thus, like, so
P V 3- chn-chard, Wrangling, altercation.
h &j- chunah, Quick lime.
P - chn, How are you? How fare you ? Quality.
p J- chun'in,
Thus, in this manner, like this.
P J- chygn (for e- chawgn), A bandy, a club.
r &e-chah added to nouns, forms diminutives; as in the word
& 3-jychah, A little river. Chah (for st-chh), A well.
Chi or che, what? in what manner * kind Since, because,
seeing that. Every, all.
Fifteen. Sex 4-chi bd, Would
to God! I wish it were 9- 4-chi chrah, What remedy ?
J <-chi dil, What heart? what courage, or ability; e- &-
chi sn (or & : <-- chi nawa), Of what sort : ~~ 4-chi
sagast, What dog is he i.e. what can he do 2 -- 5% &-
ch; taraf bast, What did it avail him i. e. it availed him no
thing. s &e= chi -idah, What advantage 2 for what pur
&; r
chi gunah, How 2 in what shape or manner *
pose : what is the meaning : To what end ?
4- chi maana,
",H t
&-chah, (pl. of *-*hi), What things ?
ch'hpah, A stamp, * seal; an impression.
P c- chahd, The peak of a mountain. The forehead.
ry- chahr, Four. A crab.
< * T_{t- chahr khur-7 sangin, The four quarters
P ex~ 2
of the world. The four elements.
P e,994- chahr arkn (or e), "J- chahr akrn), The
fourpoints of the compass. A kind of tent.
p l-L- chahr imm, The four religious chiefs.
P e-J- chahr am?n, The four khalis, Ab bakr, Omar,
othmn, and Ay. The four Muhammadan lawyers, Shfizi,
Ab Hanifah, Mlik, and Hambal.
r & Tyle= chahr yinah, A kind of armour.
P ey- chahr yn, A quadrangular tent. The four
immediate successors of Muhammad. The four principal sects.
546 \4+
r ju Ae-chahr b, A kind of rich lk:
rvj- chahr blish (or c-w balisht), A royal throne
(or place spread with four cushions). The fo ur elements. The
four quarters of the globe. The world. J%) Ju j
chahr blish-i arkn, The four khali. A quadrangle.
ra- J- chahr baszt (or J-), The four elements.
P *A*- chahr bakh (or P-jawhar), The four elements.
P- chahr p, A quadruped. A bedstead.
P *A*- chahr prah, Four parts; divided into, or consist
P t- chahr tak, A canter, an easy gallop.
P e-j- chahr takbir zadan, To abandon the world.
To repeat the burial service over the dead.
P --- chahrjy, The riverso f Paradise. The elements.
Pjet- J-chahr chdar, A cloth surrounding a woman
grave. A kind of horse-cloth.
P J ------ chahr chashm shudan, To see or loo
k for
earnestly. To meet.
Pe-y:
U- chahr chaman, The world. -
ra...:U-ju-chahr hshy Having four borders; ha";
its four edges embroidered.
p &G-j-chahr khnah, The ventricle of a sheep; also
pudding of it stuffed with meat, rice, butter, herbs, and spic"
a species of macaroni.
ries. Thin cakes dressed with soup;
The four quarters of the world.
P&\e j- chahr dang, Fourtimesfour; on" sides,
p_{-Jeju-chahar dar chahr,
Pj- Chahr dari, The world.
P</9}\t- chahrdariehah, The four window" (ofthebody),
namely, the eye, the ear, the nose, and the mouth.
s- chahrdah, Fourteen
P
***- chahrdahum, The fourteenth.
P
p ve s- chahrdah mh, The full moo" A mistress.
r xa. s- chahrdah matsum, The prophet Muham
mad, his daughter, and the twelve first eminent kha".
re- JeJ-chahr dizr-ijahn, The fourquarters'
-
the world.
P e, J-The four elements.
chahar rukn (or J-4jra-is), The four elemen"
psy j-chahr rzah, Lasting or consisting of four days.
rje-chahrzn, A mode of it"g" taylors at work
re; J-chahr zabn, (Four-tongued) an incessant talk"
One who does not stick to his word * quibbler, a prevarica
Pall-j- chahr slah, Of four years. Four years old.
r-je- chahr sil, A square, four sides, a market-place.
P w-J- chahr suwrah, A place where four way" meet.
PL35-J'-chahr silk, A market-place. l
P tJ-chahr shakh, A fan for winnowing co" with, t
P & J-chahr shambah, The fourth day, Wednesday.
Jih
 _4+
r & J-chahr sad, Four hundred.
full j-chahr tk, A four-domed edifice; a kind of tent. the face, and displaying its attractions (a lady lifting up her veil).
p Jj- chahr tk agan, A bed. (Burhn-i ktie.)
rle y-chahr talam, The four ensigns (of the faith), viz.
Ab bakr, Omar, Othmn, and Aliy. The four elements.
p Jej- chahr fyl, The four elements.
P L- chahr kargash, The four elements.
of ela. Shaddd, or (according to others) that of Js Ka-us.
P *A*- chahrgmah, Swift. An ambling nag.
P J- chahrgn, Four and four. In fours.
P *A*- chahrgnah, Of four modes, or colours.
P J- chahr gulkhan, The four quarters of the world.
The four elements.
P *A*- chahr gshah, Quadrangular.
table. A turban.
*A*- chahr langar, The legs or feet of quadrupeds.
rt- chahrum, The fourth.
ryeji- chahr madar, The four elements.
P*j- chahr mhah, Of four months. Four months old.
rej-j- chahr maskin, The habitable world.
rjji- chahar maghz, A walnut.
rja- ^j\t- chaharum manzar, The solar sphere.
P *A*- chahr mkh, The four elements. Sodomy.
P * y- chahr nazm, The four elements.
p by- chahr-wa,(equiv. to t- chahr p) A quadruped.
rje *A*- chaharwah-dar, The commander of a caravan.
P*A*- chahr haftah, A trifling silly thing. Nothing.
re-
chahr yr-i guzin (also e);
four chosen companions, viz. Ab bakr, Omar, Othmn, and Aliy.
* -- chahr yr, Name of a sect of Muhammadans.
P <&J- chahr yak, One of four. A fourth.
Pe- chahn, Many. Chihn, (pl. of 4-chi) Who?
r- chahawani, A cantonment.
P * chahbachah, A cistern, a vat.
P &s chahchahah, The voice of the nightingale.
pr-chehr or chihr, The face, visage. A map. Small shot.
J- sle, s shah-i mh-chehr, A prince beautiful as the moon.
P ej- Chihr-zd, Name of Humy daughter of Bahman.
P *A*- chahrukah, An upper chamber.
f s- chihrah, The face, countenance. The air, mien.
colour of the face. Original essence. A description-roll. A
wheel, a yarn-reel. Shot. L U-7 5:- chihra-i tish-nama,
A face flushed (with drink or anger). e-A2 3,4-chihrah
bar afrkhtan, To collect, assemble. J- 3,4- chihra-i hal,
+3 3,4- chihra-i duk, A wheel.
The circumstance of the case.
A yarn-reel. J.M.& 3,4-chihrah shudan, To be before or in the
presence of, to confront, be opposed to. To dispute. To prepare.
547 **
Gv
V *::- _5 (8.5 3,4- chihrah-kush offilwah-nam, Uncovering
P y-chohrah, A youth, a stripling, a page.
rj'92 3,4- chihrah-pardz, A painter. The sun. 39. *
e- chihrah-pardz-ijahn, The world-illuminating sun.
P Jys- *- chihrah-kharash, Scratching the face.
The throne p\:S 3,4-chihrah-kush, A portrait-painter, a limner.
P J 3,4-chihrah-kush-7, A display, an exhibition.
P s- chahri, A horse of a whitish colour.
P J- chihal, Forty.
Fourfold. P * J- chihal-pay, Having forty feet: the centipede.
rej J- chihal tan, Forty persons whom Moses is affirmed to
have slain and brought to life again.
P & J- chihal tah, A coat of mail.
A bier. A small
re J- chihal diram, An ounce.
P & J- chihal kad. A sort of armour.
Puzz Ji- chihal kadam?, A walk. A custom at the funerals
of Musalmns of stepping back forty paces from the grave and
again advancing towards it before reading the service over.
P *- chahlam, A sort of armour. Chihlum, The fortieth.
rj Ji-chihal manr, Forty towers: ruins of Persepolis.
P J- chahnli, Fines for petty offences, fornication, &c.
P *- chahandah, Leaping, bounding. Dropping, distilling.
Pe-chahidan, To leap, to bound, to walk for recreation.
To drop, to distil. To be stimulated to running or flight. To
grow cold. To blow (as the wind).
pr-chahir, The face, the countenance. The complexion.
Prt-chahirah, The face, countenance. J; r:- cha
hirah-nawis, One who writes down a description of a person's
akrn), The
countenance. An officer so called.
rj-chahiz (or cr-), Westments and furniture of every
kind which a bride brings to her husband's house. Minced meat.
Pj}rt-chah-yuz, An iron instrument with four hooks for pul
ling any thing lost out of wells or rivers. A pulley or block. A
shovel, a pick-axe, a hoe.
rus-chi, Something. Chi (for 3-cheh or chi), What?
P J- chiyndan, To collect, to gather. To cut up.
pr-chaypar, A highway. Name of a fortress, and of a man.
pyr-chipur, The iron head of a spear. (CAstellus.)
p crr-chaypin, Interval, intervening space.
P r- chit, (s F) Painted Indian, Persian, or Turkish
The silks, and other cloths. Chintz.
h Jr- chital, A small coin, 25 of which make a lo dam.
H &r- chitah, A sort of panther with which they hunt deer.
An estimate and measurement of lands.
r l- chichb, The sound of the lips in kissing.
P c--- chichist, (in ancient Persian) A mountain.
P <<!- ch?chak, The small-pox.
P <!-- ch?chalah, Sickness, pain.
4 A 2
 548 <--
~~
Cr

P .4- chikh, Blear-eyed. A humour in the eyes. Gathering roses, c-J J-jabin-i pur-chin, A frowning
or wrinkled brow. J-J. *j zulf-i pur-chin, Curling locks.
*A*- chidar, A shoe. P \- china, (participle of Jr- chidan) Gathering.
P Jr-chidan, (s fa) To gather, collect. To select, pick,
P c--- chinydan, To collect, to bring together.
choose. To imbibe. To swallow. To pluck up (hairs). To
r &\te- c-ch'in-hammah, Cinnamon.
spread a carpet. To ascend. P & As cr- chin-khnah, A cupboard for
plate and china.
p s- chidah, Gathered, picked. The dwarf-pine. P j-Chindarah, A fabulous fountain, where instruments
Pr- chir, Valiant, courageous. A conqueror. The highway. are said to be constantly playing.
Victory, mastery. A part, a portion. A bull. Name of a town. P Jr- chindan, Gleaning corn fields.
"J- chirag, Valour. Anger. Severity of language. A f s- chindah, A collection.
fault. J J.-- chiragi kardan, To be petulant, violent. p ex~ chinawad, The bridge which the Muhammadans be
p > chirah, High, sublime. Pointed. Eloquent. Impu lieve they shall be forced to cross on the day of judgment.
dent, unpolite, rude, uncivil. Spiteful. Wise, discreet. Vic r_":-- chinwar (23:- chinwar or chinr), Right, straight.
tory, superiority. A part, a portion. End, extremity. Sr p 4:- chaynah, The eaves projecting round a building to
J.A.: chirah shdan, To wax valiant. To prevail. To prepare keep the rain from the walls. Chinah, A gin, grain, or any snare
for. U-ST 39 y-- chirah-zira-i hani, A kind of helmet. by which birds are caught. Grain in general- ele 4:-chinah
r -- s- chirah-dast, Ready-handed, active, skilful, suc dan, The crop of a bird. Je 3- china-i diwar, Layers of
ceeding in whatever one takes in hand. Strong, brave. Boldness. large stones, bricks, or turfs, in building walls.
Pu-e Syr- chirah-dasti, Victory. re.-- Chini, Chinese. White sugar-candy. China-ware,
P J*r- chirahgi, Fearlessness, resoluteness, fortitude. porcelain; called also -- chinz-zurf.
*:::- chiz, A thing, anything. Existing. Precious. Food.
2-0 machiz, Nothing. Not existing. ex~9 nachiz shu
dan, To be annihilated or defaced, to perish. C
P <!---- ch?zchang, Penis succedaneus. or h, The sixth letter of the Arabic alphabet, is a strong
c h
P-- chzak, (dim. of j-) A little thing. A porcupine. aspirate generated deep in the throat. It is the character to
rjr- chis liz, A small capital, a trifling concern. represent eight in arithmetic, and Sagittarius in astronomical
Pr- ch- (; ;-- chiju or ! :-- chjwa), A hedge-hog. ...t-h-i hutti, to distinguish it from
books. It is called
*A*- chsu-gir, Violent, irritable, hot-brained. j}^ As h-i hawwas or s h, and **** .U- H-i muhmala
Pyz-chi-ah, small forceps used chiefly by the women for in contradistinction to & s *\-h-i mut jamat or & kh.
pulling out hairs. y- chsah-bx, Cause, motive, reason. A : \e- h-a, The Arabic name of the letter c h. A good
A& *}:- ch7-ah-bz-gar, The agent in any cause. (BURIAN.) man. A shrill-voiced woman. Name of a well in Madina.
P r- chs One thing. Something, a little, few, somewhat. A s-h-a, An interjection, used to call flocks, or drive camels.
P -chist (for --- <- chi ast), What is it? *A c-hba (for <-->), (fut. c--: ahabu) He sinned.
P e--- chistn, An enigma. . Quality, essence, state. A -- hab, A sin, a crime.
puz-- chsti, What art thou ? A c-hbb, (part.) (An arrow) going beyond the mark,
p :-- chigh, A projecting roof, eaves. A &t-hbat, Maternal kindred. A court-yard. A crime.
p - chayghut, An ill-stuffed pillow, hard in use middle.
A J'-hbil, (part.) Laying a net. Feeding on the frui of
The middle of any thing. A basket made of date-leaves. the thorny shrub stic tizh. A warp in the loom.
Pej &-chighah-san, A warrior. A cl- Hbilt, Name of a tract lying near the Euphrates.
r J.- chil, A troop, a crowd, a people, a nation. (CAst.) A y- habur, A meeting of a gang of villains.
p Jr- chilan, A forest haunted by wolves. Iron rings, A Jl-hbl, A rope for climbing a palm-tree.
-idi-bits, &c. Chln (or &lr-chilanah) The jujube-tree. A cal-habi, A giver, bestower. Near. High-shouldered.
t a 2-chilah, An adopted son. A slave. (An arrow) bounding to the mark. A plant growing in the sand.
re-chin. A old, a plai, a wrinkle. Chin, cJle- - A Jl-htil, A youth. Weak, The young of the bird l.
chin agandan, To contract into wrinkles. ex-3 cr
22
A jl- htilat, Short.
ch?, bar abr agandan, To grow old. To frown. Je A * |-htim, (part.) Rendering necessary. Ajudge. A black
him kardan, To gather, collect, pull, pluck, choose. To join,
to unite. To reconcile, to make peace. To knit the brows. crow. c 3- Htim T-7, Name of a man celebrated among
the Arabs for his liberality. &. J.- ~~</ arhyat-ihl
Chn (from cy-r- chidan), Collecting, c-c sukhun ~

chin, Collecting words, i.e. an informer. ex-J gut-chin,

-

m?yat, Liberality equal to that of Htim.

-

-
-
 3'-
A J- hati, (part.) Drinking much. -
A e;"> hasin (or e5- htin), A hot sultry day.
A z- hj, A thorny plant resembling wild asparagus from
which they gather manna. (pl. of &-- hjat) Things needful.
A z- hjj, A pilgrim to Mecca.
A --- hijt, (pl. of &-> hjat) Necessaries, wants.
A ---> hjib, (part.) Shutting out, excluding. Drawing
a curtain. A groom of the bed-chamber, a chamberlain. A
porter. A curtain. A screen. The eye-brow. J ,-->
hjib-i bar, The archangel Gabriel.
A 3-1-hjat, Necessity, need, lack. Unavoidable business.
A call of nature. Hope, wish. J --~~|~ hajat-i tajwiz,
: Any thing which requires investigation, as an account.
A 3-- hijat, A female pilgrim to Mecca. 4) --~ -e-
w A ze- hrikatani, (dual) Both hip-joints.
A female pilgrim to the house of God (Mecca or Jerusalem).
P--hjat-mand, Indigent, needy; hoping, depending.
P<!--- hajatit-mand, Needy, necessitous. (BURHAN.)
A 2-L- hjir, A wall.A dam, a dike, a causey. (L. Agger.)
Aj-> hjiz, (part.) Hindering, preventing.
a J-- hajil, (part.) Going by jumps or leaps. Fettered.
J-le" al hajil, (pl. J-> al hawajil), A raven, a crow.
~|~ hjim, A scarifier, a cupper, a surgeon. A barber.
A Aj- hzz, An excrescence on the callous part of a camel's
A 2-l-hajur. A dam, a dike.
A 32;-L-hjurat, Blindman's buff.
A -- hajy, A Christian who has performed the pilgrimage
to Jerusalem, or a Muhammadan that to Mecca. A pilgrim.
a 5-t-ha-ha-a (from t=l-o), Calling (a he-goat).
re-hild, A crow. Name of a son of Jacob.
a 9-hdd, Sharp, bitter, sour, acrid, ardent, fiery, poignant.
(A woman) bewailing the death of her husband.
A s-hilis, (part.) New, just appearing. Casual. P <-->
J hadis shudan, To appear, to emerge, to happen.
A tel- hdisat, A novelty, an event. An accident render
ing a person ceremonially unclean. A misfortune. Pudenda.
AJJ-hdir, Firm, compact-bodied (man). Fleshy (eye).
A 99- hadirat, (A camel) having full and prominent eyes.
AJe hdik, Ingenious, intelligent, skilful. Industrious.
A yea-hdr, A pendant, an ear-ring.
A 32- hadi-a, A defender.
A so- had, A leader of camels. One who lets out asses
and brings them to be loaded.
Aj-e sel- hdiya tashara, (mas.) The eleventh.
a 3- haz, The withers of a horse. The middle of a horse's
back. The back of a man. The rump, root of the tail. Name of a
plant and of a tree. 3A e-i-k-khafifu'l haz, Quick, nimble.
AJ3- hazir (for rl-), Avoiding, shunning. Ready.
A J-hzik, (part.) Cutting. Sharp, acute. Tart, sour.
Ingenious, skilful, intelligent, penetrating, excelling.
549 C*-
*AL-hra (for J3-), (fut. 23-yahuru) He returned.
A y- harr, Warm, hot, sultry.
A 5A-hrat or hrrat, A street.
A &A- Hratiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A c-hris, A farmer. A lion. Name of a hill.
A 9-hrid, Passionate, warm.
J- haris, A keeper. A governor, a defender.
A
J- hris, Desirous, wishful, greedy, covetous.
A
A &ei= harisat, A blow on the head penetrating through the
skin. A cloud pouring forth rain.
A Jl-hris, At the point of death. A coward. Greedy.
A J- hrik, (part.) Burning, ardent.
A 3-5,- hrikat, Fire. The top of the thigh. Narrow (in
circumstances). (A woman) strong and wanton.
A %- harik, The withers of a horse.
A l- Harim, Name of a small city in Syria.
c- hrn (for ex~ harn), A restive horse.
A
'- hrz, At any time, never.
A
A & A hriyat, An old and dangerous viper.
*Ajl- hza (for 53-), (fut.j}< yahzu) He collected.
breast, galling the elbows till the blood flows.
Aja- hzir, (part.) Measuring. Sour milk.
AJj- hzik, Pinched in the foot by a tight shoe.
A j- hzim, (part.) Pursuing a right course. Compre
hending. Wise, provident. Hardy, valiant.
A &sj\- Hazamzyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A -5- hz, A fortune-teller, a palmister.
A ---hasib,(part.) Reckoning. An accountant,a paymaster.
A 3-1- hssat, A sense (of which there are five). Destroying
(herbage); as cold, hail, wind, locusts, and cattle ; which are
called J J-> haicssul arz, The five senses of the earth.
-L);3 zl hssat, Endowed with sense and feeling, sensitive.
&cl= <!-- hassa-i &ammah, Common sense.
A 3-1-hsid, Envious. An enemy.
A-> hasir, Naked. Disarmed.
A e-- hasin, The moon.
A U- hsh (or Lla-hsh), Besides, except. God forbid!
let it not be 1 in no shapel p & Lu- hsh keh, Heaven forbid
that.... A Ll-hsh lakum, Saving or excepting your re
verence, with submission to you.
A Lt-hsh, Thyme.
A *- hshid, Ready, prepared (for anything).
A rle- hashir, (part.) Collecting. Al hashir, Muhammad.
A cl-hshik, (A palm-tree) abounding in produce.
A -- Hasham, Name of the father of an Arabian tribe.
A L- hasha, Let it not be God forbid! -
A &= hashiyat, A margin, brink, edge, border. The hem
 \\-
of a garment. A marginal mote. Men of inferior rank. Small
camels. Followers, domestics. A tract. A shadow. Protection.
A J- hashiyatan, A two-year old camel.
A U+\- hashish, A species of euphorbium.
PU; *\- hshiyah-bs, Kissing the skirt.
A --~~ hasib, (Wind) scattering gravel. A pimply erup Sides, margins, edges. Hffat, A side, a brink, a border.
tion from a fulness of blood.
a 22-hsid, A reaper, a mower.
A re- hasir, (part.) Blocking up. A restrainer. An astrin
gent. A calculator, a numberer. A mat. A mat-maker.
A Ju- hsil, (part.) Remaining over and above; a residue.
Appearing, being manifest, clear, evident. Produce, whatever
is gathered (as corn or fruits). Profit, advantage, utility, con
veniency. Tax, duty, custom, revenue. Sum, end, conclusion,
result.re." J.--hsil amadan, To be produced. A.J.e-
-2,3 hasl-i zarb, The product of multiplication. ~~3.J.e-
hasil-i kismat, The quotient. ck!" Je'> hsilu'l kalm, Upon
the whole. In short, briefly. JA-a- J.--hasil-i masdar, A
verbal noun. r_j\, J.--hasil-i bazr, Market-duties. J-e- who has composed a series of odes or other poems, in classes
J hasil kardan, To acquire, to gain, to collect.
A c-2'- hsilt, (pl. of J2a-hasil) Proceeds, results.
rje J.2\-hsil-dr, A collector.
A eye- hasin, A chaste woman.
A re- hzir, (part.) Coming or being before. Present,
ready, prepared. (in gram.) The present tense. Ready money.
An inhabitant, a near neighbour or borderer, a townsman, hav
ing a settled residence. A tribe or cantonment of wandering
Arabs. A large family. 2-,-] amru'l hazir, Second person
of the imperative. As c nahyu'l hazir, Second person of
the prohibitive. 29, re- hazir wa nazir, Present and seeing
(one of the attributes of God). P ey re-hzir shudan, To
appear before, to be present. To be prepared, ready, in order.
Je re- hzirkardan, To prepare, to make present, or ready.
c- hzirit, Commanding or imprisoning demons, &c.
A
raising the devil. (HUNTER.)
a yu hzirti, Commanding evil spirits. (HUNTER.)
A J.-- hziran, (Pers, pl. of r- hazir) Those present.
P L re- hsir bash, Content. Attendant. (HUNTER.)
P us re- hzir-bshi, Constant attendance.
A 52- hsirat, A city, a fixed residence. (fem.) Ready.
A --r- hzir-jawab, Pert, answering readily. Echo.
A J-y"- hazir-jawabz, A repartee.
A J re- hazir-zamin, A surety for personal appearance.
A J-Ju- der. A judge, an arbitrator, a magistrate. A name of God.
hazir-zamini, A bond for personal appearance.
A. J- hziri, Presence, readiness, attendance. Audience.
Muster-roll. Breakfast, dessert. An offering made to a saint.
A & 2\-hzinat, A nurse, a foster-mother.
* A \,\- hta (for k;-), (fut. k;=: Jahutu) He surrounded.
A c-htib, (part.) Collecting good and bad.
550
J
A '- htim, (part.) Breaking.
A x-htrat, Penetrating (sword).
A 3-hff, (part.) Surrounding. Dry bread without meat.
A 33- hfat, A coast, a shore, a brink. (pl. of i\- h-if)
A 23-hfid, A boy, or servant. A friend, a companion. A
grandson. A son-in-law. A father-in-law. A kinsman.
A_3\-hfir, A nail, a claw, a hoof. The foot.
A 3,3'- hfirat, The beginning (of business), The exordium
(of a speech). A way. 4,3- J- 8-9 rajata tala hfiratihi,
He retraced his footsteps. j 4 exerc mardiid fi'l hfirat,
Restored to (its) former condition.
A 3-3- hfishat, A water-course.
A*- hfiz, (part.) Keeping. Preserving. Guarding. A
commander, a governor. One who has by heart (the whole
Kurn, who is also styled W : asu-hfizu kalmi'llah, A
rememberer of the word of God). A perfect poet (i.e. one
equal to the number of letters in the alphabet; the first class
rhyming with \, the second with ~, and so on, which is called
a Diwn, and gives the poet a claim to the title of Hfiz, which
has been almost exclusively enjoyed by the celebrated Anacreon
of Persia, Muhammad Shamsuddin. <!!- hfizulbayt,
The guardian of the house. e-A \\?\- hafizul haramayn,
The defender of the two sacred cities, i.e. Mecca and Madina.
Js '- hfizu'n 'nahl, Euphorbium. ,e\a;">hfizn
kilt, (Pers. pl. of %3\- hfiz.) The governors of the castles.
A & last-hfixat, A female guardian. & las- g kik
hfizat, A retentive faculty, a good memory.
A J3-hfil, (An udder) full of milk, (a branch) laden with
fruit, (a channel) filled with water.
A J- hf, Barefoot. A proper name.
A J- hkk, The middle (of winter, or of the head).
A 33- hkkat, Price, value. The day of judgment.
A - hkizat, (A woman) kicking, waving the feet.
A ise hki, Curved, bent.
A c- hkin, Having a diabetes. Having a retention of
urine. Lying on the back, and stretching up the legs and ar"
A 3.3\- hkinat, The stomach. The lower part of the belly.
The hollow between the collar-bone and the tendon of the neck.
A&SA- hkat, (pl. of cu- h-ik) Weavers.
A - hkkal, A tooth.
A * hkim, (part.) Governing. A governor, a comma"
P &V.S*-hkimnah, Judicially, with authority.
a & Su- hkimat, A princess, a lady, a governess. .
A J- hki, (part.) Relating. An author, a historian. " A
ck &y. A writer of sweet words, an elegant composer.
A J-hal, State, situation, condition, mode, manner. "
 -- 551 *\-
affair, a thing. The time present. Prosperous circumstances. -->< hmil-i maktub, A letter-carrier. L5-5 J.- hamil-i
Ecstacy. Black mud. A child's go-cart. A bundle of clothes. wahy, Gabriel. J.-- As zikr-i hmil, Mental prayer.
: The middle of a horse's back. Jus' al hal, J J
Now. a & Lla-hmilat, Pregnant. Puj, 4.<!-hmilah shudan, To
-** J-hl tala hal, Time after time. Ju-JS Q= gala kull become pregnant, to conceive. Pregnancy. c al-e hmi
hl, In every way. Jus' f: 'l hal, Immediately, forthwith, lah kardan, To render pregnant, to impregnate.
J.-- hmi, A noose for catching men or beasts.
P
anon. F & 3) J-hl ankeh, Whereas, though, yet, however,
even, although, notwithstanding. J J-hl kardan, To be AJ-- ham?, (part.) Burning. Hot. A protector. A de
angry. To be in an ecstacy. fender. A he-camel emancipated from labour. A large troop of
A J-hll, (part.) Descending. Applying vigorously. camels. Kiss" J.-- ham7'l hakikat, A defender of the truth.
All-hlan, Now, at present. J-> hmi'l humaya, The protector of a district. J.--
A c-hlt, (pl. of all-hlat) States, conditions. A-3) ham? 2 rimar, A defender of truth. On who maintains
A -- hlib, A milker. A vein in the thigh.
his right. P Jjy Aer- hamiyn-i ro-i zamin, Protec
A Jll-hlibni, (dual) Two veins about the navel. tors of the face of the earth.
ress J- hl banjin, An anticipation of the revenue by A ex- hmiy, A descendant of Ham. An Ethiopian.
bringing part of the next year's rents to the account of the present. A &4- hmiyat, A protectress. A she-camel exempted
Au'l- haliby, Name of a medicinal plant. from labour. Name of a fountain in which the sun is said to set.

A &J's hlat, State, quality, condition. Posture of affairs. A
thing. Action, motion. A fuller's beetle. Py all-c. One
half of a load, as much as a beast carries on one side.
A J--- hal-hasil, Present produce.
A cll-hlik, (part.) Shaving. Going round, surrounding.
Coiens. Hurting the throat. Making sharp. Adapting. A full
udder. Sharp. High (place). Lofty (mountain). A vine-tendril.
A cll-hlik, Very black, pitchy. Dismal. Unlucky.
A '- halim, (part.) Dreaming. A sleeper. Cresses.
A 335- hlkat, Penetrating (sword).
A cyl-hlm (or -hlmat), Coagulated milk.
A Leyl- hlm, Name of a plant.
r J-hl (or Q- hly), At this time, in this state.
A J- h, (part.) Dressing, adorning one's self. A carpet.
A J- hly, Belonging to the present time. New, modern.
Current (coin). Now, soon.
A&l= hali-at, A noxious serpent.
A&l- haliyat, (part. fem. of J- hall) Adorning herself.
a J- haliyat, The present participle.
a cle Hm, (HEB. Dr.) Son of Noah, from whom they say
the Indians are descended. al- , U-jaysh-i hm, Darkness.
Pl-hm (or 2.3 sl him-i kabr), A weight of four
drams and a half. Je l- hm-i saghir, Three drams.
A&l= hmmat, Nobles. Relations. The best (of the flock).
A *- hmid, (part.) Praising. A praiser (of God).
Ax~ hamiz, Strong, firm. Sour, acrid, pungent.
a *-hmasat, A cherry-tree.
A e- hnn, (part.) Coveting, lusting after. Greedy.
A SUU- hnt, A workshop, a manufactory.
A &l-hnat, A wine-shop, a tavern.
A &t-hnnat, A she-camel crying for her colt.
A --~~hanis, (part.) Swearing falsely; a perjurer.
A last- hnit, Very red. Red leather.
A cl-hnik (for 18- halik), Very black.
A <-'- hanut (or '- hnut), A tavern, a shop.
A '- hanarczy (or J- hnzy), Officinal. A vintner.
A ju- hn, A sheep or wild cow in heat. Name of a town
in the district of Diyr bakar celebrated for its iron-mines.
A &t-hniyat, (A woman) who refuses to re-marry for her
children's sake. Wry-necked (sheep). A shop.
A 3.5"> hniyat, A tavern. Wine.
P &\s- z- hwij-khanah, A pantry.
A l-hw, (part.) Collecting, containing, comprehending.
J e-, js- Jy rawiyn-i akhbr wa
A collector.
hwyn-i asr, The writers of history, and collectors of annals.
A &- hawiyat (or *- hawiya-a), The entrails.
A J- h-ib, (part.) Sinning, offending. A delinquent.
A gl- ha-ij, Necessary, indispensable.
A &l-h-id, (part.) Declining, turning from.
A 2'- ha-ir (or jb ju- h-ir b-ir) Astonished, stupefied.
Undetermined, irresolute. Perishing, ruined. Wonderful. A
conflux of water, or the place where it runs.
Ajl- ha-iz, (part.) Excelling in dignity.
A Lt-h-ish, A plantation of palm or other trees.
A Ji- ha-iz (and &== ha-izat), A menstruous woman.

A vil-hamiz, Bitter, salt, sour (vegetable). Alaju h-it, A wall, an inclosure.

A&id- hmisat, (A camel) feeding on bitter herbage. A lal- H-itiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A Jl-hmil, (part.) Carrying. A porter, a carrier. Preg A kil-h-i, A side, a margin, an edge, a brink.
nant. J. J.-hmil-i asr, An ass. e-- J-hamil-i a c- ha-ik, (part.) (A little man) shaking his shoulders
main, A commentary rehearsing, or annexed to, the text. J and straddling in walking. A weaver.
 A J- h-il, (part.) Restraining. Detaining.
(as a curtain between two). A shelter.
Intervening ck;" hubbu'l watan, Amor patriae; patriotism. Habba, O excel.
animal, one yearDefence, protection. lent! & e-- habba bihi, How dear is he to me!
The female young of any old. A camel not
A *- haba-a, A royal favourite.
conceiving the first year. J- ) umm-i ha-il, A she-camel. A \- hab, A transverse cloud resembling a mountain.
* J J- ha-il shudan, To enjoy. To cover, to veil.
A c- h-im, (part.) (A bird) skimming in circles.
A *- hiba-a, (111 of 2-) Shewing respect of persons, wink
ing at. Vying with in acts of liberality. A gift.
*A --> habba, (fut. |-> yahibbu) He loved. A --> habab, A bubble of water. A wished-for event. A
A Q-- habb, A grain. A pill. J --~ habbu'l ilahiy, large quantity of water or sand. Hibb, (111 of --> habba)
Divine pills. e'." -- habbu'l bn, The ben-nut. Loving, cultivating friendship. Love. Affection. (pl. of
habbu'l butm, Turpentine-berries. Je .-a- habb-i validir, hubb), Jars, (pl. of c-A- habb), Water-bubbles. Hubi,
The Malacca beam-seed. e-4) -- habbu'l balsn, Carpo (from Q-- habba), Loving. Wishing, desiring. Love, friend.
balsam. Js z-habb-i tahmil, Suppository pills. z ship. Beloved. A species of serpent. Satan. A bubble. Hab.
***_* habb-i tamr-hind, Tamarind-seed. \{.- 2~~ bb, A seller of wine-jars, or pots.
habb-i hankil (or &&. *annah), A grain resembling black P &\- hababah, A bubble of water. (CASTELLus).
Pepper; but which within is white and sweet. J -
A --> habbat, (pl. of 3- habbat) Corns, grains, pulse.
habbu'l khardal, Mustard-seed. {2}- .<--~~ habb-i kharwat, A t- hubatik, Small, corpulent.
Spurge-seed. J- 2~ habb-i khiyr, Cucumber-seed. J A J- hubatil, Small and lean.
-->3') habbu'z'zahab, A grain of gold. y .<-- habb-i Aji-- hubajir, Thick.
rawand, Rhubarb-pills. els," Q-- habbu'r rashd, Nose
A J-- habja', (A she-camel) swelled from eating of the
Smart. J*) -- habbur'rashz, Pepper-wort. Q-a- plants &= taraj and & catat.
) habbu'z' zurkat, Flea-bane seed. -- habbu'z' zalm, * --|-- habahib, (pl. of -si- habhab) Small, short.
A seed used in medicine. G Q-- habbu'l zibak, Mercurial A --~~~ Hubhib, Name of a very avaricious man, who
pills. ju- .*-- habb-i sistn, Cardamom-bean seed. Was afraid to light a fire, lest it should invite guests to visit him.
*~!) -- habbu's'sualat, Pectoral lozenges. c-) Q--> A weak fire. Sparks from a tinder-box, or the shoe of a horse
habbu's'salatin, A purgative seed. **** ~ habb-i shah striking against the stones. A glowworm.
taraj, Fumitory-pills. 4) -- habbu's' safrat, Antibilious A y- habr, A mark, a vestige, a sign.
A y- habrt, (pl. of A- habr) Signs, forms, vestiges.
pills. A 3-2 ,--- habb-i sanawbar, Fruit of the Pine-tree. -->
Jj habbu'l tarus, Cubeb-seed. jj Gre-habb-i taziz, A A *A*- habrij (and t- habrj), (pl. ofr- hubruj)
berry, black without, white within, soft, juicy, and delicious. Certain aquatic birds. Hubrij, (for -- hubara') A bustard.
us ex~ 2~ habb-i tammiy, Pills in common use. J\}) 2 --> A - hubara', A bustard.
habbu'l ghar, Laurel-berries. Bay-tree. J;" G--> habbu'l A J.--> hibs, Whatever is set apart for pious uses. (pl. of
ghl, Fruit of the mastic-tree. A) Q-- habbu'l fakad, Seed U- hibs) Mounds, dikes, dams.
of the agnus castus. --As) |-- habbu'l kilt, A sort of vetch. A &\- hubashat, A mixed multitude. Name of a place
\\}; ,--- habb-i kky, (Kxia) Officinal pills. * 2--> near Mecca where an annual fair of eight days is held.
habb-i kkanj, The winter cherry. *
--~ habbu'l kalkh, sy G- habaka, The lot-tree.
A - hibak, A track (of stars, clouds, or drifted sand).
Ammoniac pills. ) e- .*-- habb-i listini'l kalb, Seeds
J- hibal, (pl. of J.--) Ropes. Habbal, A rope-maker.
A
of hound's tongue. i --~ habbu'l lahf, Red night-shade
berries. &l=<!) - habbu'l mastakat, Mastic-pills. Q A l- habilat, A fit time, a proper opportunity. Name of
3.xx") habbu'l mislat, Stomachic pills. L!" |-- habbu'l a plant, Hiblat, A net, a gin. Warp of cloth. A vine-shoot.
34) -- habbu'l muluk, A cherry.
mukl, Bdellium-pills.
A J- habala, (pl. of J- hubla') Pregnant (women).
\-" - habbu'n misa, Anti-hysteric pills. J Q-- habbu A J- hubbn, (pl. of Q-- habb) Berries, grains, pulse,
mnzl, woad. J , -- habb-i hl, Cardamoms. *:::) Q-a- A U.S.- hab-is, The best camels kept at home.
habbu'l yahd, The winter cherry. Hibb (from -- habba), A t- hab-ik, (pl. of &z=-habikat) Tracks in the sand.
Loving. Wishing, desiring. Love, affection. A lover, a friend. A J-hab-il, (pl. of &J- hiblat) Nels, snares, gins.
Hubb (from C-- habba), Loving. Wishing. Love. The ea." J- haba-ilu 'sh'shaytn, Satan's nets, i.e. women,
object of one's affections or desires. A cup. A wine-jar; also * ~~~~ habab, A bubble of water. A row of teeth (like unto
the trivet on which it stands. A grape-stone. ele, 2 Q-- hubb
Pearls). Spittle. Hibab, (pl. of C--> habab) Rows of teeth
wa widad, Love and friendship, benevolence and charity. -->
(like Pearls). (pl. of 3- hibbat) Seeds of wood-plants, berries.
 _-> <--
A 3-- hababat, Any thing pleasing, agreeable. Hibabat, insect). Clouds piled on clouds. Sands heaped up with a broad
(pl. of -- hubb) Jars. basis. Weak in the feet, small-bodied and long-backed. Thick.
A 3-habbat, One berry, one grain, one seed. A small piece A &r- habramat, A preserve made from pomegranates.

of money, an obolus. A particle, part. -habbatu's 'sum,
A clove of garlick. * (i.e. habbatu thalsah, Aniseed. "
!, is al habbatu'l khazra, Juniper-berries. le;-) -habba
tus' sawda, Coriander-seed. L - habbatu'l ghamm,
(ex." al muzn or All al kurr,) Hailstones. -- habbatu'l
kalb, The heart's core. Heart's blood. Original sin. J.' 2'-
&-jbiri'bn-i habbat, Bread. Hubbat, Love. A grape-stone.
A 2- habtar, Short of body or stature.
A &-habtakat, Mental anguish from avarice or care.
A c-habtak, Little. Full of flesh.
A J-habtal, Small and bare of flesh.
A G-habis, A serpent with his train cut off.
*A*- habaja, (fut. **: yahbiju) He appeared on a sudden.
A 6- habj (from *-), Appearing suddenly. Approaching.
Striking with a stick. Habaj (from **), Appearing. Being
: inflated from eating of certain plants (camels). Habij, A camel
thus swollen. (from &-) Breaking wind.
Aji=> habjar (hibjar and 2-- hubjir), Thick.
A ex~ Habrn, The valley, and also the river Hebron.
*A U-- habasa, (fut. U--> yahbisu) He confined, shut up.
A U-2- habs (from U->), Retaining; detention, imprison
ment. Bequeathing to pious uses (prohibiting alienation). A
prison. Imprisoned. A mound, a dike, or dam, for confining
water. Stoutness. A high mountain. \,\-) -U-- habs-i asr,
The imprisonment of captives. J; -U- habs-i bawl, Astran
gury. J-) U-- habsu'n 'naas, Suffocation, P ** U--
habs-i dam, Retention of the breath, which some fakirs do for a
very long time. An asthma. e.9% U-- habs kardan, To ar
rest, to put in prison. A Hibs, A mound for confining water (for
the use of men or cattle). A pond, a reservoir, a tank. Bed
clothes.
Hubs, Any thing whatever dedicated to pious uses.
a *-- habsat, The best camels kept at home. Hubsat, Sup
pression (of breath). Silence. Imprisonment, durance. Self
imposed restraint. A legacy bequeathed to pious uses.
A U-- Habash (or&- Habashat), An Abyssinian. Ethiopia.
A J-Habshn (pl. of U-IIabash), Ethiopians.

A J-halja', (femof- habij) A she-camel swollen from
feeding on the plants *r tarfaj and < zakat.
A --> hibhb, Short, mean, or deformed.
A Q-s-habhab, Small, slender. A slow flux of water. De
bility. Heat of fire. The driving of camels.
A 3-- Habashat, Ethiopia. Southern Arabia. A rabble, a
mixture of different tribes and nations.
Pus--- Habash?, An Ethiopian. Ethiopic. A bondservant.
A Ji- hab: or habaz (from Ji-), Moving, beating (as an
artery). Trembling and twanging (as a bow-string). Falling

:
A \-habbaz, O excellent! brave! how charming! |&- into the hands of the archer (an arrow, when shooting carelessly
tk habbaztlie, O what luck! or unskilfully). Being exhausted (water in a well). Failing,
** not happening according to wish. Hubaz, Name of a plant.
*AL:- habara, (fut. Js: yahburu) He did handsomely. All-habt (from lar-), Being done in vain or without re
Ar-hubr (from > habr), Being handsome. Beautifying.
ward (work), being lost. Rankling (a wound). Swellin
Doing good, acting beneficently. Making much of Makin g g, be
glad. Being glad. Joy, gladness, cheerfulness. A Jewish ing constipated from too much food (cattle).
doctor. Hibr, A learned teacher, a doctor. A Jewish scribe. A casa- habatiktik, Noise (particularly that of a horse gal
loping over stones).
Ink, Beautiful, adorned. A vestige, sign, trace, lineament, A Ja- habtry, Belonging to the Arabian tribe of ~\la
form, colour. Joy. Yellowness of teeth. Hibar, (pl. of 32 * w Habtat bani Tamim.
hiharat) Striped stuffs of Yaman. Hibir, (pl. of 3r- hibirat)
Yellow concretions on the teeth. Hibirr, Name of a city. A C- habak, Pennyroyal. Basil. Mint. A." C- ha
A Jr- Habrn, Name of a small town in Yaman. baku 'l bakar, Camomile. ej) G-- habaku t 'turunjn,
Alx~ habarbar or hibirbar, A thing, any thing.
Baum. c-!" C- habaku't 'timsh, Water-mint. C
A 3r- habrat (from 2-), Making glad, delighting. Hiba 3-y- habak-i khursni, Sorrel. use) G-- habaku'rrz,
rat. A striped Arabian stuff. IIibirat, Yellowness of the teeth. Mugwort. G-habaku'sh' shiyukh, Mastic. 45, i.e.c
* Ex-hubruj, A kind of water-bird. habak-i sakri, Sweet basil. J) C-habaku'l fil, Marjoram.
* Lr-hi brash, Very malevol ent. A 2.5-habak-i karanfulz (or j karmn), Sweet basil.
Avr-habarkas, A small camel, or ram. \,\! c-habaku'l m, Water-mint. Ja- 2C- habak-i nabti,
A Lr- habarkash, A small camel.
Basil. Habik (from c-), Breaking wind. Hibikk, Long.
* Lr- habarkas, A dwarf. A small camel. A G- hubukbuk, Sweet basil (a plant found in Yaman).
**r-habarkt (fem. of 32- habarka'), The female tike. A 5,5- habkarrat and habkurrat, Hail.
AJr- habarkal, Blubber-lipped. -

*A c-habaka, (fut. e 3-2 yahbiku) He wove the cloth.

A Jr- habarka, Men ruined or perishing. The tike (an
a c- habk (from c-), Weaving well (a garment).
4 B
 -

&r=~ 554 Q-9.

Hubuk, A fragment. A lock of hair. A ring of a coat of mail. A Ust- hiba' or huba', (pl. of r- hibwat or hubwat) Pecu.
(pl. of <\- hibk), Ways, tracks in the sand. liar modes of sitting down. Haby, Transverse clouds, resem.
A &e- habkat, Texture. Habakat, A grain of barley. bling mountains, immediately before night draws on.
A J-habkal and hubkul, Short-bodied. A --> habib, Beloved. A friend, a favourite. A mistress.
A J-habl (from J-), Making a treaty. Finding security. J-W --~~ habibu's sayr, Afriend to travelling, e--; al.
A rope, a cord, a chain. Sand writhed into the resemblance of a
habib, Roast kid. P \,\!- ,--> habib-i khuda, The friend of
rope. A league, confederacy, compact. Security. A continued, God, i. e. Muhammad. A Hubayb, (dim.) A little darling.
uninterrupted work. {y}) J-hablu'l zirt, A tendon of the Ayre- habir, New vest. A cloud. Saliva. A leathern-bottle.
hand. G\ J-hablu'l citik, A tendon of the neck. J.- A <!-- hubayrik, (dim. of Jr- habarka') A little weak
er) hablu'l matin, A strong rope, i.e. a firm alliance. J footed, small-bodied, long-backed (man).
e-SV-Whablu'l maskin, White ivy. & 23) J-hablu'l carid, A U--> habis, (A horse) dedicated to pious uses.
The jugular vein. Hibl, Evil, misfortune. Habal, (from J-), A U.:- hubaysh, A Guinea or Numidian hen.
Conceiving, being pregnant. Conception, pregnancy. A Jazz- hubayti, Short-bodied and large-bellied.
A c-hublt, (pl. of A- hubla') Pregnant (women). A c- hubayk, A bad species of date.
A - hublawiy, Relating to a pregnant (woman). A & habikat, A track in the sand.
A & Vs- hublat, A necklace. An ornament for the neck (of a A J-habil (or zy J-habil-i barj), A lion fearlessly
camel). The fruit of any prickly tree or shrub. Habalat, also remaining in his place.
hablat, A shoot of a palm-tree. ** J-habalu'l
-- habalat, A c-
r:- habin, Dropsica
Dropsical.
A -- hubaynat (or J:- ." umm-i hubayn), A chameleon.
, s
A foetus,
-

h A la:- hubaynit, Short-bodied and large-bellied.

c-
A C. (woman)
Ik, Slender-DOCl leC1 Sheep.
Relating to a A --> hatt (from c-> hatta), Falling (as leaves from the
- - -

A x & 13/3 g preg - - trees). Ordering (a hundred lashes) to be administered. Shaw

A J- hubla', Pregnant (woman, also all animals that have ing, grazing. Quick-going (horse).
claws). Hubliy, Belonging to a pregnant (woman). A*- hat-a (from *-), Plaiting, puckering, flouncing the
A c- habn (hibn or e- habin), Rhododaphne. Hibn (or border of a garment. Sewing. Tying (a knot). Propping or
3.2- hibnat), The heat of thirst. An excrescence, a pimple. strengthening a wall. Fixing the eyes stedfastly, and long, upon
Haban (from c-) Having the dropsy. Anger. The dropsy. any object. Laying down, depositing.
A \- habna, (fem, of e- ahban), Dropsical (woman). A -- hutat, Anything scattered. A man's name.
A Ja- habanta', Short. Corpulent. Swelling with rage. A_\,-- hitr, A lappet, edge, or hem. The circumference of
A :- habw (from ;-), Creeping along the g (**): the launches. The helix or circle of the ear.
Grazing the earth, then rising, and hitting the mark (an arrow). A J- hatrish, A circular motion of boys when at play,

Having charge of the property of another. Giving, presenting. A *u- haltna (for V. J-hatta m), How long?

Being near, approaching (to fifty). Being high, eminent. A &- hutamat, Remains of meat on a table.
A --> hubub, (pl. of ~~ habb) Grains, berries. A &- hutud, Perpetual (spring of water).
A <-r- hubbat, Vegetables, pot-herbs. A 2- hatr (from 2-), Giving sparingly. Tasting. Sewing
A 3- habwat (for 3~), Giving, presenting. Hibcat or a border on the skirt of a tent. Hitr, A small present. Hutr,
hub cat, A mode of sitting with the legs and thighs contracted, An entertainment given to builders after finishing a house. Any
with the sash or garments wrapped round them. thing sewed to the lower part of a tent, to keep it close to the
AJ3:- hubr, Cheerfulness, joy. (pl. of r- hibr) Signs. ground. Hutur, (pl. of ju- hitr) Fringes, outer edges.
A 5,3- huburat, Jewish learning, knowledge of Hebrew law. A 35- mon. suck of milk. ir, A house-warming
A *::- hubt (from a--), Being done in vain (work). A *> hatrashat, The sound of a locust eating.

A 52- habawkar (also Jr- habatekal), A sandy desert, A &- hatrafat (from 32- o), Removing from (its) place.

dangerous to travellers. A misfortune, a sore disaster. Redness and pain (in the eyes).
A :- habawkarat, Large-bodied (she-camel). A U-23-- hatrush, Short.
J:-- habawkara, Large-bodied (camel). Misfortune.
A A U-- hatsh, (from U-) Assembling together (people).
-:-- ." umm-i habawkara', A dreadful misfortune. Fixing (the eye) long upon any person. .

A J}~ hubul, (pl. of J-hibl) Evil; misfortunes. A - hat, Death, & --- Lve mata hatu anfihi, He
A US- hubn, (pl. of ex- hibn and &z=- hibnat) Biles. died a natural death. Hatif, One of Muhammad's swords.
a 4-habbah, One berry, grain, or seed. A part, or particle. A J- hutful, The remains of broth or meatin *P* The
A measure equal to two barley-corns. A coin of small value. mother or sediment of oil. The dregs of the people.
 _> 555
A c- hatk (from <<-), Going with a quick short step.
Preparing the sand for her nest (an ostrich). Turning one's self
to, tending towards. Hatak, Young ostriches.
A e- hatakn, A light, short, quick step.
A J- hitikka', The pace of a dwarf.
A J- hatal, A gift. Similitude. The refuse (of any thing).
* -- hatama, (fut. *: Jahtimu) He inspired.
a *- hatm (from ~~), Inspiring. Indicating. Rendering
necessary. Exercising legal authority. Jurisdiction. A decree.
The supplement to a discourse or a fast which had been broken off.
A c- hatn or hitn, Like. (from c-), Being hot (day).
A 5- hatw (from >), Twisting tight (the fringe of a gar
ment). Hataw, (equivalent to 2-Metadaw) An enemy.
A Q- hutid (from X-), Remaining (in one place).
A -- huti, (pl. of Li-hat) Deaths. ---,-}}-
suyf-i huti, Death-giving swords. --> ,s kuti-i Sprinkled earth. Husks of dates. Chaff. Straw.
huti, Vintages of death. ;--,--S kst-i huti, Chalices
of death. 2- *\-- ,-393-2 suff-i mashahidu'l huti,
Ranks (of soldiers) having death before their eyes.
A x- hutim, (pl. of *- hatm) Decrees, jurisdictions.
A J-haly (from Ja-), Sewing, plaiting, folding. Mak
ing firm. Hatiy, The produce of the dwarf palm-tree. The
husks and refuse of dates. A bad kind of dry wild date. Hatta',
To, until, even to, as far as. In order that, so that. Together
with. VS J-hatta isi, To when. *-y J- &-" -
akaltu's 'samakata hatta' ra-saha, I ate the fish, head and all.
2a) J-hatta'l makdar (J U.- hattal inkn or
s J- hattal icust), To the utmost of one's power.
A-ha's (from ~ hassa), Instigating, exciting, stimu
lating. Rendering greedy. Huss, Chaff, chopped straw scat
tered about. Dry, hard, glittering sand. Barley-broth, gruel.
Fried barley. Dry bread (without other victuals).
A-hasi, Chaff. Husks and refuse of dates.
A c- hass and hiss, Sleep. A black eye-wash. One
who rouses another (from sleep). Hisas, A little.
A j- husrat, Chaff. A bent or blade of straw.
A&J- huslat, The worst part of any thing (as the chaff of
corn, the husk and refuse of dates). Sediment of melted fat.
A.
A cst-has-hs, Swift, making haste. Covetous, greedy. or light of the sun. Hijab, A veil, a curtain. Night. Modesty,
A s-has-Hasat (from --~~ Q), Instigating, exciting, blush, shame. J A-\s hijab-i kuhly, Heaven. A black
stimulating. Vibrating, flashing (lightning). Greedy.
A cs- hus-hus, Many. Incitement (to activity).
AA- hasr (from A-), Having a pimple or sty (the eye-lid).
Being covered with blotches (the skin). Candying, granulating
(honey). Being thick and ample. Hasar (or SA- hasarat), A
sour grape. A globule of concreted earth.
A&A- hasrabat (from --> 0), Being feculent (water).
Hisrabat (or &A- hisramat), An excrescence on the upper lip.
\-
A 32- hasrafat (from 32- 9), Removing from (its) place.
A red soreness of the eyes.
A -- hasif and hisf, The rough tripe.
A&-hasalut (from J- Q), Drinking the remains of broth
from a pot or cauldron.
A J- has! (from J-), Being gorbellied. Unwholsome
pap. Bad condition, evil case.
A 43- his lab (or *~ his lim) Sediment of oil or ointment.
A *~ hasm (from *~), Giving. Rubbing.
A &- hasmat, A reddish hillock. Husmat, That part of a
water-inclosure through which it runs out.
A 5- hasw (from 5-), Giving little. Scattering earth. Sprink
ling dust upon the face of a dead relation.
A \;-- hasw, (A place) having much earth.
A --> hasus, Spurred on. Avaricious, greedy.
A J-hasu' (from J.--), Scattering earth. Giving a little.
Swift.
A t-t-hasis, Greedy, covetous. Spurred on.
A J-hasisa', Impulse, stimulation.
AA- hasir, Glans penis.
A J-hasil, A short man. A sort of mountain-tree.
A * hajj and hj, (from g- hajja), Setting out, tending
towards. Purposing. Walking. Going on a pilgrimage to
Mecca, and performing the ceremonies there. g- 2. am?r-i
hajj, The chief commander of the pilgrims (an office of great
dignity during the splendour of the khilfat, and generally filled
by the son or declared successor of the reigning sovereign).
JA z haij-i farz, The pilgrimage to Mecca ordained by
law. Hujj (from g- haija), Litigating. Carrying on a suit
at law for a long time. Gaining a suit. Huj and hijj, A pil
grimage to Mecca. Hujj, (pl. of z- hajj) Pilgrims to Mecca.
* A \s haj (for 35), (fut. S Jahju), He stood still.
A \s hija, Understanding,
83 2 genius.
5 An enigma.
A \s- haja-u, (fut. *Jahja-u) He rejoiced. He restrained,
prohibited. He took refuge.
A \s hij-a, (111 of 35) Overcoming in any suit or ques
tion. Teasing by asking questions.
A -\s hajb, A partition. The diaphragm. The track,
cloud. Dust. fee; <-use hijab kardan, To veil, to draw a
curtain, to cover, to hide. A Hujjb, (pl. of C--- hajib) Por
ters, janitors, chamberlains of the king's apartments (as having
the charge of the door-way).
p -\s hajjb, A porter, or porters. The eyebrows.
r &\\s hijbnah, A concealing, a hiding. (CASTELLUs).
A &\s- hajabat, A deputyship. The giving ofinformation.
P J-- -\s- hijb-chashmi, Sheep's eyed. (HUNTER).
4 B 2
 C-><
-
556 _>
A sus hajt, Bubbles formed on the water by rain. A : ** hujjati, A sound reasoner. A disputatious person,
A z\s hajaj or hijaj, The bone surrounding the eye; the a sophist, a wrangler.
eye-brow. Hajaj, Name of a celebrated Musulmn. Hijj , r hajaj, (pl. of s hajjat) Pilgrimages to Mecca.
(from g- hajja), Litigating. Gaining a law-suit. (111 of g- Hijaj, (pl. of 3 s hijat) Years. Hujaj, (pl. of & s hujjat)
haija), Pleading a cause, bringing proofs. Hajjj, A litigious Proofs, demonstrations. Claims, causes. Hujuj, (pl. of zs
man, a squabbler. A tyrant, an oppressor. Hujjj, (pl. of z- hajj or hijj) The bones which surround the eyes.
hajj), Pilgrims to Mecca. A. is-r hajhajat (from 2* Q), Retiring (in battle after
A_\s hijr, (pl. of, s hajar) Stones. IIajjr, Alapidary.
having made an impression). Restraining one's self from ex
A SAs hijrat, (pl. of, s hajar) Stones. pressing the wishes of one's mind.
Aj\s- hijz, (111 of s) Prohibiting, taking one from ano
# As hajara, (fut. , s yahjuru) He hindered.
ther (to prevent fighting). A rope for drawing a camel's legs
| -
A , s hajr, hijr, hujr (from ,s), Prohibiting, preventing,
together. jss' Al hijaz, Mecca, and the adjacent territory,
hindering, interdicting. An embrace, the bosom. Hajr and
Arabia Petraea. One of the principal species or modes in the hijr, Custody. A veil, a curtain. Name of a town in Yam
Persian music, of which there are three : viz. e- isfahan, mah. (pl. of 3,5- hajrat) Closets, chambers. Hijr, Illicit,
Jy- tirak, and j\s- hijaz. forbidden. A wall, a dam, a causey. The northern wall of the
A. s;\s hajazi, Cassia senna (a plant found in Arabia).
temple of Mecca. Interdiction of an action against an ideot,
A -33's- hijazayka, Separate them, part them. an infant, or a slave. The intellect. A good condition. The
A -}\s hijaf, (111 of -is not in use) Opposing, hinder skirt of the garment held up by the hand. The hem or border
ing, withstanding. Hujaf. A flux, a diarrhoea. of a shirt. Genitalia. Propinquity. A mare. The dwelling
A CVs hijal, (pl. of & s hajalat) The bed-chambers of of the Tamdites between Syria and Hijaz. IIujr, Forbidden,
IIajar, Astone. J-9"> hajar-i arman' y, Lapis lazuli. Bole
brides. J rabbatu'l hijl, Women. armoniac.
A. c- hijam, A rein, a bridle, a bit. ex-), s hajarul aswad, The black stone at
Mecca. U-3- 25 hajar-i asiys, ("Agios) Saltpetre. A*
A cus- hajjam, A barber, bleeder, cupper, phlebotomist. z hajarul afruj, Pumice-stone. --: hajar-i bahriy,
A 3...s hijmat or hajmat (from ***) Applying the cup Coral. J", * hajarul bakar, A stone found in the gall.
ping-glasses, bleeding, scarifying. The profession of a barber, bladder of an ox. J.), s hajaru'l bulur, Crystal. ****
which consists in shaving, paring the nails, and the like. hajaru 'd' dam, Bloodstone. Vs- hajaru's 'sam, Astone dis
...A J's hajjami, The profession of a cupper or barber. covering poison. e-k") As hajaru'sh 'shaytn, Adamant,
p J-s hajb, Breeches. loadstone, the diamond. Ja: As- hajar-i kiby, Coptic stone:
a kind of fuller's earth. -, * 2- hajar-i kibrit, Sulphur.
A s hajb (from ---s), Interposing, coming between.
Fencing round, secluding, excluding. IIujub, (pl. of ~\s $3), s hajarul kazak (or % kirk), Name of a white
hajab) Diaphragms. (pl. of ~\s- hijab) Veils. Curtains.
stone found on the banks of the Indus, As hajar-i l
A 3-s hajbat, The office of chief porter or chamberlain. &\,...), s- hajaru'l masinat, Bladder
ziward, Lapis lazuli.
e-), s hajarul misann, A whetstone, &;-- A*
stone.
Hajabat, The top or projecting part of the hip (both being in hajar-i mashwiyah, Lime. Us- hajaru'l matar, A fa
the dual J-s hajabatani). (pl. of -- hajib) Porters.
bulous stone supposed to produce rain. J-ka'), s hajaru'l
A s hajjat, A pilgrimage to Mecca (hence a form of miknatis, (Mayytn;) The load-stone. Jys" hajaru'n 'mir,
swearing &\!\ & s hajjattu'llah, By the sacred solemnities of
The marcasite. ex", s hajaru 'l yahd, Lapis Judai"
God') c- -sa- hajjattu'l islam, The first pilgrimage obli Hajir, Stony. Hujar, (pl. of 5, s hujrat) Camel's stables.
gatory on all Muhammadans. Hijjat, A year. The lobe of the r, s hujr, The waistband of the drawers.
- -, - -
-

A ce, s- hajarat, (pl. of 5, s- hajrat) Cells, closets. Huj

ear. *** 23 zul hijat, The last month of the Arabian year
rt, hujarat, or hujurat, (pl. of 5, s hujrat) Stables. Closets,
(because upon the tenth day a solemn feast is celebrated at
Mecca). Hujjat, An argument, proof, reason, demonstration. &!. .*, ** hujarat-i talabat, Student's cells.
A e), s hujrn (from As), Interdicting, preventing. (pl.
A decree, a decision, the sentence of a judge. Pretence, excuse.
Altercation, disputation. r);-- ,<!--s hujjat-i ustuwar, The | of ,-\-hjir) Walls, mounds, dikes.
A. 5, s- hajrat, A court-yard, a hall. 5;s Jy rabaz
Kur'an. J s hujjat kardan, To decide, to pass sen
tence. To make use of argument or excuse. hajratan, He went on one side. IIujrat, A stable. A chamber,
p &\,...s hujjatnah, A voucher. a closet, a cell. U-3- 3,5- hujra-i khss, A secret apart"
 557 \e-
s
A J, s hajaratani, (dual) Gold and silver. sensible. Hija', Intellect, genius; shrewdness. Hajiy, Greedy.
* ,s hujrah, A cell, a closet. The waistband of the draw Hujayy (or \ hujayy), A riddle. Hujiy, Meet, worthy.
ets. ~}+ 5, s- hujra-i kh'ab, The extremities of the two eyes. ag. hajj, Probing a wound. (pl. of z- hj) Pilgrims.
*Aj** hajaza, (fut.js yahjuzu) He restrained. a J-s hijjza', Hindering one another. Making peace.
Ajs ha: (from s), Prohibiting, preventing. Interrupt A 3-s hajif, Wind in the bowels.
ing, interposing, interceding. Drawing a camel's legs together # A 3- hadda, (fut. Jyahuddu) He fixed limits.
(as a farrier does when he wishes to throw him on his side). A A- hadd (from A- hadda), Setting bounds to. Defining.
A .js- hajz-a, Making peace. (P had), A boundary, limit. A definition, distinction. An im
A cs hujzt, hujarat, or hujuzt, (pl. of 5;sr), Waists. pediment, a check. Punishment, chastisement by sentence of a
A 55- hujzat, The waist, girdle, waistband of the breeches. judge (especially the inflicting of eighty lashes). A goal for
A s hajaf, (pl. of & s-) Leathern shields. Breasts.
racers. The edge (of wit or of steel). Strength, fortitude.
A & s hajafat, A buckler of leather. The breast.
Power. Dignity. Rage, fury, anger. Severity, sharpness.
P e Ks- hajak, A rose. Tartness, sourness. Escape. # * A- hadd-i bulugh, The
term of puberty, youth. w A- hadd-i ma-murah, At
A Us hijl also hajl, A fetter. Any ornament for the feet.
Hajal (from Js), Jumping with bound feet. A partridge the time or limits prescribed. Pej A-3) az had birn, Be
yond bounds, without the limits; enormous, excessive. *-j"
with red feet and beak. Young camels.
Als hajl, White-legged (sheep). e-'s az had guzashtan, To exceed, be exorbitant. six- G
p.< \s hajalb, The domestic swallow. (CASTELLUs).
& t haddi ki (or & A-3) \; t az had ki), So that, until that.
A e) s hujlan, (pl. of & s- hajalat) Female partridges. A lw- had-a (from "A~), Turning. Removing. Seeking
refuge. Protecting, succouring. A journey. Migration.
Hajalan (from Ls), Jumping with bound feet, hopping. A "*- hadd, (pl. of -se- hd) Camel-drivers.
A ** hajalat, A female partridge. The ornamented cham A "*- had-a (from *-), Sticking fast in (his) place. Lying
ber, where the bride sits. The marriage-bed. down. (pl. of sia- hada-at) Two-edged hatchets. Hid-a,
r & s hajlah (or -sex's A s- hajla-i damad), A curtain (pl. of six-hida-at) Kites. Hud-a (from A-), Impelling,
drawn before the bride's chamber. IIijlah, The nuptial bed. rousing, driving, making camels to travel with alacrity by sing
A separate apartment. ing to them. Making a noise with the mouth or breath.
A J** hijla', (pl. of & s hajalat) Female partridges. A c- hidb, (pl. of ~~~~ hadab) High grounds.
** ** hajama, (ful. -s= paljumu) He cupped. A c- hadabir, (pl. of jx- hidbr) Lean (camels). -

A *** hjm, (from -**) Cupping, bleeding. Sucking (the A 3 A- hada-at. A two-edged hatchet. A two-pronged fork.
teat). Keeping (one) back (from any thing). Muzzling (a Hida-at, (SA- hadt is less accurate) A kite.
camel). Taking flight. A swelling. Thickness, bigness. A $"A~ hudt, (pl. of sel-hd-a) Defenders.
A cs hajn, (from cs), Being bent. Drawing any thing A 3"x- hudt, (pl. of sel- had?) Conductors.
towards one's self with a stick curved at the extremity. A -- hids, (111 of ex-) Conversing, discoursing toge
A & s- hujmat, The notch in the spindle into which the thread ther. Polishing, furbishing (a sword).
goes. The leaves of the plant zmm. A & "3- hadsat (from ~~), Being new, fresh and young.
A}s hajw (from 35-), Stopping, remaining. Being ava Youth, tender age. The beginning, novelty, or freshness of any
ricious. Excelling in propounding and solving enigmas. Con thing. Acc ,-- "A- hadsat-i ahd, Early youth.
jecturing. Thinking well of any one. Driving (as the wind a A 3-le- hadjat, A camel-litter. A load.
ship). Sufficing, being proper. Hujw (from 35), Stopping. A c- hidd (from A-hadda), Mourning (the decease of a
A 35 huj-a (from \s-), Rejoicing at. Keeping in, re husband). Abstaining from perfumes or ornaments. Mourning
straining. Being greedy of, tenacious. Taking refuge. habits. The Persian historians say, that the first mourning was
A r hajirat, A man, a thinking being. introduced by Kaykvs or Darius the Mede (about 600 years
Ay hujr, (pl. of , s hajr and hijr) Bosoms. Mares. before the Christian era), upon the death of his son Siywush (the
father of Cyrus); a general change of habits, to blue, being
A 3/5 s hujrat, (pl. of, s hijr) Mares. ordered, by proclamation, throughout the Persian empire. This
A. $23.5 hajurat, Blind man's buff.
continued to be the mourning colour till the death of Husayn the
A cs hajn, Remote (mountain-top). Distant (expedition). | son of Aliy, when it was laid aside for black by the Muhamma
A g huja (from Ja-), Being diligent, earnest, eager; dans of that sect, who celebrate a solemn festival on the amni
addicted to. A tract of country. Intelligent, wary. (pl. of versary of his death, which happened on the 10th of Muharram,
* hajt) Bubbles of water. Haji and lfty, Intelligent, | the first month of the Hijra commencing at the vernal equinox.
 _yea-
5 8
The immediate descendants of Ally wear green by way of distinc
tion. Hidd, (pl. of AA- hadd) Sharp.
A c- haddd. A blacksmith, a farrier. A porter or keeper
of a gate. A jailer. Huddad, Sharp (sword).
A see- haddadi, The trade of a blacksmith.
A J'A- hidk, (pl. of 3~ hadakat) Pupils of the eyes.
A J- hadala, (pl. of JA- had!) Partial, unjust. High
shouldered.
A gla- had-ij, (pl. of 3-3-hadjat) Camel-litters. Loads.
A x- had-id, (pl. of S.M.A.- hadidat) Iron instruments.
A &la= hada-ik, (pl. of &A- hadikat) Gardens, orchards.
A c-hudb, (pl. of x- hadb) Hunch-backed (camels).
Iadab (from ~~~~), Being high. Being convex or hump
backed. Being favorably inclined, benevolent. High ground,
hilly. Hump-backed. Hadib, Hump-backed.
A \,x- hadb, Hump-backed (woman or camel).
A_\a- hadbr (or x- hidbir), Lean-hipped (camel).
A & A- hadabat, Gibbosity. A swelling (of the liver).
A M.A.- hudabid, Thick (milk).
A c-hudbuk, Short-bodied, compact.
A $3- hidat (from A-3) Being alone. Hiddat, The edge (of
a sword). Passion, vehemence, impetuosity, fury.
A J- hids, One who converses with kings, a royal fa
vourite. An entertainer of ladies. Huds, A novelty, a recent
accident. Hadas, A novelty, a recent accident, contingency,
event. A misfortune. A young man. An accidental cause of
impurity, according to Muhammadan tradition, whereby it be
comes unlawful to commence or finish a prayer without ablution.
A teller of tales. A newsmonger. Hadis also hadus, One who
speaks, relates, or describes well.
A c-hadast, (pl. of c-hadas) Unlucky accidents.
A e- hidsn, Beginning, novelty. Hudsan, (pl. of G-
hadis) Bullocks. Young men. Hadasan, An accident which
renders ablution necessary. Hadasani, Night and day.
A , ~
- hadsa', Defilement. Hudsa, Accident, contingency.
-5
A 3.5.x- Hadasiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A re- hadj (from z-), Loading a camel (particularly
with a litter called hidj, in which women travel). Loading (a
man with accusations). Shooting at, or wounding (with an ar
row). Looking with a sharp and stedfast eye. Hidj, A bur
them. A camel's litter. Hadaj, The wild gourd. The squash.
A 3.x- hudad, An impediment. Prohibited (thing). Wain,
foolish (pretension). Help, remedy.
AJA- hadr (from A-), Being fat, robust, of a firm, conn
pact habit of body. Makinghaste (in reading or saying prayers).
Swelling from a blow (the skin). Causing a swelling. Des
cending. Being steep, bending downward. Setting or throwing
Depressing, removing from office, precipitating to de
down.
on. ofSinking Hemmi ng, ty,
lacing
a garmen(at. ship).
structi g, ornamenting
the edge Hadar, A declivi low-lyi ng ground.
5
ffe
A y- Hadr, Name of a woman.
A 32- hadrat, Hard, compact eye. Hudrat, A troop of
camels (from thirty to forty).
A Jvae- hidrijan, Short (man). .
A &-je- hadrajat (from gy- 9), Twisting, making strong.
A U-9- hads (from U-2-), Thinking, conjecturing. Giv.
ing it as one's opinion. Wandering without a guide, uncertain
of the way. Going fast, making haste. Overthrowing, levelling
with the ground. Trampling upon, treading down. Striking
on the throat (a camel). Shooting (an arrow), throwing (a
javelin). Seizing suddenly, obtaining quickly. Hadis, Prudence.
*A U- hadaka, (fut. J yahdiku) He surrounded.
A j- hadk, (from J-) Surrounding. Beholding. Hadak,
The love-apple. (pl. of 3.3.x- hadakat) Pupils of the eyes.
A 3.5.x- hadakat, The pupil of the eye.
*A Je-hadala, (fut, of Jes: yahdulu) He turned aside.
A JA- hadi (from JA-), Being partial, unjust. Declining
Having a high shoulder. Partial, unjust. High-shouldered.
A.Y.A- hadla, (fem.) Partial. Wry-necked. High-shouldered.
(A bow) crooked at the extremity.
A & A hadlakat (from c-o), Fastening the eye upon
Hudalikat, The eye, or the pupil of the eye. A joint of mution.
A & c- hadamat, Heat, ardour. The crackling sound of *
fire. Hudamat, Quick-boiling (pot).
A Je-hadandaba, A wonderful thing.
a s- hadw (from 32-), Impelling, rousing, driving, making
(camels) to travel with alacrity by singing to them. Making"
noise with the voice or breath.
A \,x- hadica, The north wind (as driving the clouds).
A --> x- hudus (from x-), Appearing, re-appearing,
emerging. Happening. Novelty, invention, discovery.
A z-hudj, (pl. of z*- hidi) Camel-litters. Loads.
A ex~ hudud (pl. of A- hadd) Boundaries, confines. Hu
did (or &e ex- hudud-i shartiyah), Penal laws.
A_2-x- hadur, A declivity, a descent. Hudur (from JA*),
Being compact, firm in body. Swelling with a blow. Des:
cending, falling down. Depressing, throwing down. Sinking
(a ship). A descent, a declivity.
A 23- hadurat, A multitude, congregation.
A "A- (\;\ ana) huddayaka, I commend myself to \""
shew me your friendship.
A 3-A-Hudaybiyat, Name of a town near Mecca.
A G-x~ hadis, New, newly made. e- J*-hudi
'sann, Of a youthful age. An event, an accident, a novelty, a
history, a tradition (particularly with regard to the sayings and
actions of Muhammad, which are divided into two cl the
first called x~ hadisu'n 'nabawiy, The sayings of
the prophet; the other v) C--- hadisul kudus, .
sacred sayings (which they believe the angel Gabriel brought
 _y-
from heaven). e-J <!-- hadis-i bi'l magna', A mystical
A saying. Hiddis, Talkative (man).
A :- haddisa', A fable, a tale, a narrative.
a g- (' abu) hudayj, The stork.
A MA-hadid, Bordering upon. Acute, sharp. Strong. Iron.
A coat of mail. A hard, inexorable man. *** bi'l hadid,
armour. g AA- hadid-i afranj, Steel. &A- c
magdan-i hadid, An iron-mine, iron ore.
, r
A $.33- hadidat, A weapon, a tool. ~~ 3&A-hadidat
559 23
A 3,3- hazraif (or c-hazrafat), The stalk of a
date. The paring of a nail (a thing of no value).
A 33,3- huzrukkat, A stewed dish, soup.
A &-hazramat, Loquacity, talkativeness.
A 8),J& hazrrat, (pl. of y&- hazr) Shunning. Cautious.
A e.j- hizriyan, Extremely timorous.
In
A &J- hizriyat or hizriyat, A cock's comb. Rough land.
A -33- hazf (from -33-) Taking away (part of anything,
as the hair of the head, or tail of an animal). Rejecting, elid
ing, cutting off (a syllable of a word, by apocope). Throwing

ul hars, A ploughshare. or striking (with a stick). Hitting a blow (on the head with a
p 3.M.A.- hadidah, A machine for drawing silver wire. sword), and cutting off a part. Moving the hips or sides (in
m
A x-- had dry, Made of iron. walking). Making short steps. Conferring favours. Address
*

r2- hadir, A fold, an enclosure. ing in few words. The grammatical figure apocope. Hazaf,
A&A-hadikat, An inclosed garden. A palm-plantation. Small black sheep, (without tail or ears). A small species of
A 3-hazz, (fem. of 3-1 ahazz) Rat-tailed (camel). Thin duck. A kind of jackdaw which they eat. A blade of corn.
plumaged (bird). Of interrupted conception (womb). Lightly A G3- hazf-a, Little and short (ear). Huzua-a An in
and hastily made (oath). Slender-bodied, small-handed (woman). stitution, a mode of life, manners.
A sort of poem in which the metre eje.. is changed into J -
A 5,33- hasfarat (from_33- 0), Filling.
A 43- his-a, (III of 23-) Being over against, facing. One AJ3;&- huzfr (or j- higfr), A side, part, district. No
thing opposite another. A shoe, a slipper. The hoof or sole of ble, illustrious. A large meeting, or congregation.
a horse's or camel's foot. A J- hazk (from J-), Cutting (a rope). Extending,
AJ&- hizr, Prudence, fear. Hazari, Beware stretching. Reaping, mowing. Binding hard, and hurting by
A&J'- huzramat, Talkative, loquacious. the violence of the pressure. Biting (as any thing acid or
A x- hazra', (pl. of 23-hazir and of hazur) Timid. astringent). Being pungent, sour, bitter. Hizk (from J&-),
Hazr, (pl. of 3,23-hizriyat) Cock's combs. High grounds. Learning (the Kurn) by heart.
A 33-huzat, A shaving or paring of leather. A bit of A 333-hizkat, A part, a section, a segment.
meat, a morsel, a mouthful. Hazzafat, Podex. A & 33-hazkalat (from J33- 0), Rolling the eyes.
A J- hazl, Inclination, affection, love. Huzl, The hem or
AJ-33- hazfir, (pl. of 25;&- hugfr) Sides, parts, extre
mities. Ready, prepared, equipped for war. border of a shirt or veil. Hazal, Gumminess or blear-eyedness.
AJ&- hazk or hisk (from J3-), Learning (the Kurn) A red pimple on the eye-lid. A falling off of the eye-lashes. A
by heart (a boy). Quickness, sharpness. Hizak, (pl. of 333 species of berry which they smoke or burn as perfume.
hi:kat) Parts, sections. (pl. of J3- hazik) Ingenious. A &- hazlakat (from cl&- Q), Claiming above one's due.
A 33-hazkat (from J-), Being acute, cunning, shrewd, A & J3-hazlamat (from C- q) Walking fast, rolling on.
ingenious. Stretching. Cutting with a sithe, or any thing simi A &- hazm (from 3-), Cutting. Making haste, despatch
lar, dividing. Hizakat (from J-), Learning (the Kurn) ing business, travelling expeditiously. Going slowly. Giving.
by heart. Huzkat, A thing of no value. A mouthful. Rubbing hard. A light quick step. Hazim, Light, nimble.
A J- huzkiy, Eloquent, speaking well. A sharp knife. Huzam, Short of stature. One who takes short steps.
The colt of a horse or ass. A. J- hazaman, Celerity. Slowness.
A J'A- hazal and huzl, A gummy substance issuing from
A.2-3- hizmar, Short-bodied.
the tree l- salam (and which is eaten with milk by the Arabs). A &3- husunnat, Small-eared. J- huzunnatani, The
Ar- hazam?r, All, the whole. two ears. The testes. Vulvae labra.
A $3- higatan, Over against, facing, opposite. A 23- hazw (from 23-), Measuring by fitting one thing to
A 3-&- hazhaz, A quick pace. another (as shoe to shoe). Sitting opposite. Huzwa, Opposite.
A 33- hazar, Mobility, a wagging of the tail. Rat-tailed. A $23-hizwat, A share of spoil. Any thing opposite. Hizwata
AJ3- hasr, Cautious. Hazar or hiar (from J3-), Avoid and huzwata, On the opposite side, over against.
ing, shunning, fearing. Hazar, Caution, prudence. Fear. IHazir Pey. J23- hazar shudan, To be cautious, to beware.
and hazur, Fearing; timorous. IIasari, Beware : A 53- hazi, Cut off, done away, defaced. Omitted.
A 93- (*) umnu) hirrif, A hyena. A J-huzuk (from J-), Being pungent (vinegar).
 \;=
A 53- haza' (from 453-), Suffering pain (a ewe) from the
secundine being burst. Hazy (from 53-), Being pungent,
biting the tongue (vinegar). Hizy (from 53-), Cutting (leather
or the hand). Biting the tongue (vinegar). A tree.
A \,3- huzy, Part of booty given to another.
A & 3-hizyat, An oblong slice of meat. Opposite to, over
against. Hazryat, A share of plunder given to another.
A c- hazik, Cut, pared off, shaved.
A &3- hazikat, Quickness of understanding.
A *3-hazim or hirim, Cutting, sharp (sword).
p > hir, A cloud. A word used in driving sheep.
*A,-- harra, (fut. ,< yaharru) He became free.
A 2- harr (from A-harra), Being hot. Heat, warmth, fer
vour, ardour. Hirr, Pudendum mulieris. Hurr, Free (not a
slave), liberal, true (not spurious), genteelly born. A young
pigeon. A fawn. The foetus of a serpent. Pure clay (without
sand). J A- hurrul bakl, Pot-herbs eaten raw. J'A' ,-
hurru'd 'dar, The middle of a house, a court. J A- hurru'r
raml, Fine sand. 4-5." A- hurrul wah, The most prominent
part of the cheek. J-2 Je's L m has minka bi hurrin,
This is unworthy of you, it does not become you.
A ,- harb (also &\,- harbat), War. Hirb, (111 of
-->) Fighting. Opposing. (pl. of 4,- harbat), Short spears.
A \,- Hirb, A sort of lizard. . A 33,-- harfiz, (pl. of $33,-harfazat) Fine slender camels.
A J- harby, Woofs. (pl. of - harbat), Riches.
A sy- hart, The middle of a house, a court. Sound, murmur
ing, the crackling of a fire, the rustling of the leaves of trees.
The noise of combatants. A misfortune, an accident.
A -j- hirs, An unfinished arrow. The lower part of a
spear-head. Harrs, A farmer. A guardian, a keeper. Hur loaded with missile brands. A place for making charcoal.
rs, (pl. of c-hris or <!-- harrs) Farmers. A c- harakam, Red, reddish brown.
A &\,- hirasat, Agriculture. (GLADw1N).
A -\,- hiraj, (pl. of r: hirj) The parts (of deer) given to
the i. .... ropes. : of &- Mn.
Troops of camels. Thickets, brakes.
A. i-y- harji, (pl. of --j- harja) Cold violent winds.
A& y- harajilatan, The horsemen (came in a troop).
-
A. *-,- harajj, (pl. of z-,-) Long, fat, strong camels.
A cy- hird, (111 of 9,-) Being scarce of milk (a camel),
of rain (a season). (pl. of -harid), Living far from friends.
as' shahrul harm, The sacred month Muharram.
A s-hardy, (pl. of s- hurdy) Reeds.
Ay-harr (from P-harra), Being of noble birth. Becom
ing free from being a slave. Hirr, (pl. of ey- harrn),
Thirsty. (pl. of 3,- harrat), Stony places.
A sy- harrat (from A-harra), Being hot. Warmth, heat.
Ardour, fervour. Love. Violent thirst. Lust. A burning fever.
Pustules breaking out from heat. J ,-,- harrat-i diniy,
Fanaticism. * *y- harrat-i tubaiyat, Natural heat.
Aj\,- hirz, (111 of 32-) Speaking prettily, youthfully.
560 \,-
A vy- hurras, (pl. of L- hris) Keepers, guardians.
A &-y- hirasat (from U-,-), Guarding. Custody, guar.
dianship or tuition. <--- 2 <<!-- ---,- hirasat-i milk tra
miut, Government of kingdom and people. "J ~~);-
hirasat kardan, To guard, to preserve, to govern.
A e-A- harasin, A species of fish.
A e-A- harasin, Lean camels. Barren years.
A C- hirash, (III of L-) Exasperating, setting (men
or dogs) by the ears. (pl. of Ly- harsh), Signs, vestiges.
Pus) s- harasha-i rum7, Wild mustard.
A J-A- harashin, (pl. of c- harshun) Thistles sticking
to the wool of a sheep.
A J- hirz, (111 of J-) Continuing at, dwelling upon,
any work. Throwing dice or lots. Harrz, One who prepares
ashes of alkali. A maker of lime, plaster, or cement.
A &\,- harzat (from J-), Being at the point of death
(from love or sickness). Being care-worn. Being weak, cow
ardly, slothful. Desiring greatly, fainting from desire.
A 3,- hirf, (111 of -5,-), Making provisions difficult to
be procured. Recompensing evil. Being hindered from doing
anything, or cut off from all enjoyment.
A 3,- harraf, Ingenious, clever. Pleasant, facetious,
A &\,- hirafat, Bitterness. Anger. Change, inversion.
A J- harafiz, Excellent but slender camels.
A JP- hirk, (111 of J.-) Burning each other, Coition.
Hurk or hurrk, Fuel. (Water) extremely salt. (A horse)
full of fire, running at full speed. Harrak, An incendiary.
A 33,- hurkat, Fuel for the fire. Harrakat, A fire-ship,
A - harak, Motion.
a c- harakik (and c- harkk), (pl. of &-
harkakat) The upper parts of the thigh (on which people sit).
The prominent parts of the buttocks (in camels, and the like).
A - haram (from *A-), Being unlawful. Losing at dice.
Unlawful, forbidden, prohibited. Holy, venerable, sacred. A
warden of the sacred places. A Nazarite clad in the garment
*A- haram. rs" & bildu'l harm, Mecca. *A-
*s-,
masjidu'l harm, The temple of Mecca. a!!" 'P- haramu
'llah, So help me God! rele - harm Kardan, To make
unlawful, to interdict. To prohibit or prevent from sleeping.
Jy *}=: ba harm raftan, To go astray, to commit adultery.
A Hiram, (pl. of c- hirm.) Forbidden things. (pl. of J
harmn), Libidinous (sheep).
A , . \,\,- Harmni, Mecca and Madina.
A &\,- hiramat, Guardianship, government.
P &; *y- haram-toshah, A term used in abuse.
 -->
J - haram-:dag, Illegitimacy, bastardy.
* Sejy- harm-zdah, Illegitimate, spurious. A bastard.
A villain, a thief, a robber, a rogue.
PJS - haram-kr, A fornicator, an adulterer.
r - harm-kri, Any forbidden act (but especially
adultery and fornication).
A Ju harm-ml, ill-got wealth.
A c- cy- haram-mawt, Suicide.
rjs - harm-maghz, The spinal marrow.
r & *}- harm-namak, Idle, deceitful, base, ungrateful.
A J- harama', (pl. of J9- harmn) Libidinous (sheep).
Harmy, A robber, an assassin.
Av- harmis, (pl. of U-2,- harmas) Barren years.
Ac- harmayn, The two holy cities, Mecca and Madina.
A ey- hirn, The obstinacy of a restive (horse). Harrn,
Stony ground. Thirsty. Harran in Mesopotamia.
gl. A 3,- harrniy, A native of Harrn.
A 3,- harawat, Acidity. Ill-flavour.
A ~~);- hard-is, (pl. of *A- harisat) Gains.
Ajy- hara-ir, (pl. of 3,- hurrat) Noble ladies. Pure sands.
A U-V- hard-is, (pl. of-,- harisat) Sheep stolen by night.
A c- hara-ik, (pl. of & P- harikat) Hasty puddings.
*A -- haraba, (fut. -->: yahrubu) He plundered (him).
A --> harb (from *}^-), Sharpening (a sword). Waging
war. War, battle. An enemy. ~~"Je darul harb, Hos
tile countries. Q-> ,--T lat-i harb, Arms, weapons. -->
J 3 harb wa kitl, Battle and slaughter. IIarab (from
*>), Spoiling, plundering, reducing to poverty. Being very
angry. Harib, (A man or lion) burning with rage, furious.
P ,-- hirab, The buds and flowers of the palm-tree.
P \,- harb, A parhelion or mock sun, a circle round the sun.
A */~ harban, Forcibly, with an armed force.
A *> hirba-a, (fem. s- hirba-at.) A chameleon. The
rings, buttons, or joints of armour, bridles, and the like.
A z- hirbaj, Thick, gross, corpulent.
AA- hirbaz (from *> Q), Stringing (a bow) tightly.
A * ~ harbat, A hunting spear, a javelin, a spontoon, a hal
bert, a dart, a dagger. A porcupine. Friday. A corruption
or degeneracy of religion. Stabbing. Plunder, rapine. Hirbat
Warlike apparatus. IIurbat, A sack.
A -- hurbus, A certain herb which causes the cattle that
feed thereon to yield good milk.
A g- hurbuj, Thick and large-bodied.
Ai-A- harbasat (from Jay-Q) Irrigating (a field).
A aj- harbasisat, A woman's ornaments.
re- harbagan (s- harbagh), A field of battle.
A x- harby, Warlike, hostile. Near to, or bounded by
an enemy's country. Sounding or calling to arms. & A ,8};
kilt-iharbiyat, The garrisons on the enemy's frontiers.
561 * t
A 5- hirat, Pudendum mulieris.
A 5- harrat, A stony country. Thirst. Hirrat (from ,-
harra), Being thirsty. Thirst, excessive drought. Hurrat,
Free-born, noble (woman). A fine she-camel. Free ground,
paying no tribute. A cloud abounding in rain. 3,- A. layla-i.
hurrat, The night when a bride preserves her virginity.
A c-hart (from --,-), Rubbing hard. Being of a bad
disposition. An orbicular section. The noise of cattle eating.
A &= hurtat, Tickling the nose (as snuff, pepper, and the like).
Huratat, A glutton.
A 3,- hartak, Slim, slender-bodied.
*A c-harasa, (fut. -->: Jahrusu) He acquired (wealth).
A c-hars (from 2,~), Tilling, sowing. Gaining (money).
Marrying four wives. Indulging much in venery. Reading
(the Kurn) with attention and meditating upon it. Stirring the
fire, making it burn. Making a notch in the end of a bow for
the string. Making lean (a beast) with over-work. Tillage.
The produce of a field. Standing corn. A ploughshare. The
root of an ass's yard.
Women. A beaten road. Haris, A lion.
Name of a hill on a mountain in Hawrn.Huras, Earth.
A &B,- hursat, The space between the tip of the penis and
the place of circumcision.
A &- IIaraszyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
*A g- haraja, (fut. g: 3yahraju) It was narrow.
A z > hiri, The shell called concha venerea, of the small
white species. A crime. A narrow place. Part of the deer
(given to the hounds). An erect or perpendicular rope. Clothes
hung over a line or spread on the ground to dry. Hurj or huruj,
A violent hurricane, a cold wind. A long shaped, robust, and fat
she-camel. Haraj, (from g_-) Being narrow, confined. Being
filled with anguish (breast). Being dazzled (eye). Being forbid
den. Being kept from labour (a she-camel) that (she) may
fatten. Narrow. A narrow place. A bier. A sin, a fault,
crime. Difficulty, doubt. Lean (he-camel). Long (she-camel).
Narrowness. The burial of infidels. A camel-litter. (pl. of
&-- harajat), Troops of camels. Shrubberies, bushes. Harij,
Narrow. (A place) impenetrable from the closeness of the trees.
A -> harjat, and harajat, A troop of camels. A thicket, a
forest. Hurjat, A bucket, an urn.
A g- hurjuj, A long, fat, and strong she-camel.
A --> harjaf, A cold violent wind.
A Jay- harjal, A troop of horses or locusts. IIurjul, Long.
A &l=> harjalat (from J-> Q), Being long. Filling up
a straight line. A flight of locusts.
A &= harjamat (from --> Q); Driving (camels) against
each other. Crowding, thronging one another (men or camels).
A e);-- harjuwn, A species of locust, without wings.
A g;--> hurjj, A long, fat, and strong she-camel. A cold
biting wind. A lean, lank she-camel.
4 C
 A c- hirh, Pudendum mulieris.
*A 9-harada, (fut. Q.-: yahridu) He proposed.
A 9-hard (from 9,-), Intending, proposing. Hindering,
keeping back. Intention. Impediment. Hird, A camel's stable.
Harad (from 9,2-), Being angry, enraged. Indignation, anger.
A '9,- hard, (fem. of 9,-] ahrad) (A she-camel) having
the tendon of the fore-foot relaxed.
A JA- hardn, Angry, enraged, furious.
A c- hardab, Nightshade.
A &e;-- hardabat, Lightness, agility.
A &ce, hardamat, Obstinacy, stubbornness, pertinacity.
A 45,-- hurdly, A reed.
A exe-harzn, The land-crocodile, the male Lybian lizard.
A y- harurat, Heat or sourness (of victuals).
A &J,- haruriyat, Liberty, frankness.
A 5,2- haraz, Rough ground. Polished nuts, used by children
at play. Hirz, Custody, guard. A fortification, a garrison-town,
a castle. Any place of refuge. An amulet or charm against
fascination or enchantment. Jj,- hirzu'z'zahr, The spine.
A $3,2- harazat, An excellent thing worthy of being preserved.
A &#5,- harzakat (from Ujj- q), Shutting up, confining.
A &sj- harzamat (from *3,-0), Cursing. Filling.
A U-,- hars, An age. Hirs, Guardianship, custody, protec
tion. Haras, The king's guards. Name of a plant.
A U-,-- harasiy, One life-guard man.
A J- harsh (from U5,2-), Hunting the crocodile. Scratch
ing. Springing up (enmity). A sign, vestige. Harash (from
L-), Being rough-skinned.
A L harsha, Rough (coin). Unbesmeared (scab). Sting
tailed (scorpion). Name of a plant.
A --> harshaf, Scales of fish. Silver studs (upon armour
and the like). An artichoke. A thistle. A small ostrich.
A & 2,2- harshafat, Rough and hard ground.
A c-,-- harshin, A thistle or bramble sticking to a sheep.
A Je- hars (from Jr-), Splitting, or tearing. A fissure.
IIirs (from U2-), Desiring eagerly. Avidity, avarice, ambition.
A ^\e- hirsan, (P &\e- hirsanah), Greedily, eagerly.
A &e;- harisat, A blow on the head breaking only the skin.
A J- hars (from J,-), Drawing all the milk. Insti
gating, exciting. Corrupting, destroying (ones self). Hurz and
huruz, The herb alkali or its ashes, with which they wash clothes.
Haraz (from J-), Being at the point of death (from love
or sickness). Being worn down by incessant anxiety. Being
cowardly, slothful. Going unarmed to battle. Longing, faint
ing through desire. The edge of a garment. Wicked (man).
Blasphemous (language). Lean (camel). A certain worthless
plant. Haraz or hari, Unsound, vitiated, depraved, in body,
mind, or principles. Sick. Lean (from love or grief). At the
point of death. Sluggish, tired, jaded. Unable to rise. Un
armed. A coward. One from whom nothing is hoped or feared.
Haraz, (pl. of the above). Hiraz, (pl. of**- hirzat), Lean(men).
A g- hurzn, (pl. of Jre- haraz) Weak, and unarmed.
A 4-3,- hirzat, Lean (man). Hurzat, One who throws dice
for others, but is afraid to play himself. Harazat, (pl. ofJ
haraz) At the point of death. Huruzat, A market for alkali.
* A 3,- harafa, (fut. -5,-- yahrufu) He changed (it).
P 3,-harf. A word. A noise made by the mouth in con.
tempt. Spittle, saliva. Disgrace, blemish. A channel, a flux
of water. Jj -5,- harf zadan, To speak, converse, 35-
<-- harfo hikyat, Conversation. Disputation, doubting.
A 5,-harf (from -5,-), Changing, inverting, turning (as
a coat). Writing diagonally. Providing for (a family). Gain
ing. Trafficking. A letter of the alphabet, a character. A
particle (as an adverb, preposition, conjunction, or interjection),
A lecture, reading. A side, extremity, margin, or border. A
part, the summit of a mountain, a promontory. The edge (of a
sword). A crooked pen. A lean camel. A way, mode, man
ner. ve-) 5,- haru'l istidrk, Adversative particle.
x.) 3,- haru 'l istiftah, Inchoative particle. P.
c-) harfu'listifham (or J- su-l), Particle of interroga
tion. ..) -5,-- haru'listins, Particle of exception. P.
su...] harfu'listi-nf (or \,x \ibtida-a), Inchoative par.
ticle. Jy 3,-harfu'liftirk, Particle ofdijunction. 32
<2\ harful jab, Particle of affirmation or assent. P.
A.l) harfu't ta-kid, Particle of injunction or emphasis. P.
***" haru' t tabaid, Particle of removal. Gist P.
haru' t tahkik, Particle of affirmation. Jirs" 5-haru't'
tahz72, Particle for exciting the attention. Jaras" 3,-har
fu' t takhsis, Particle of identity or specification. J 2.
haru' t tarajji, Particle of hoping. *92) 5- haru' t
tardid, Particle of disjunction. *) -j- haru't tashbih,
Particle of similitude. <<!) 32- harfu t tashkk, Par
ticle of doubt. x 3,-harfu't tatri (or 3,4- matrial),
The definite article. Je') P- harfu' t taalil, Particle of
Cause or reason. &A) 3,- haru' t tafrik, Particle of se
paration. Ji) 5,-harfu't tazil, Particle of comparison,
Q-Jia') - harfu t takrib, Particle of drawing nigh un".
j) 3,-harfu' t tamyiz, Particle of discrimination. -j-
v) harfu t tanfis, The particle of breathing-time. ~~
J.K.) harfu' t tankir, The indeterminate article. t P.
harfu't tawakkut, Particle of expectation. j 2- harfu'l
jiz, Particle of consequence. J 5-harful hl, Particle
of the present. 2* 3,- haru'l hasr, Particle of restric
tion. ~us" 32- harfu'l khitb, Particle of address. P.
\c haru d' dut, Particle of invocation. s 5- harfu'r
'rade, Particle of reproach or indignation. Aj A-P- harf-i
z-id, Expletive particle. 2-5) -5,- haru's 'sair, Particle
of reprimand. C, , ,- har-i skin, A quiescent cons"
 Gy-
--~! 5- haru's 'sabab, Causative particle. },t) 3,-
harfu'sh 'shart, Conditional particle. *** ,-i,~ har-i sahih,
A consonant. i.a.) 5- harfu's 'silat, Particle of conjunc
tion. c) 3,- harfu't tarh, Particle of method. 3,-
ilas" haru'l tat, Copulative particle. <-le. 3,- harf-i
tillat, A long vowel, as \,, or 5. &\!" 5,2- harfu'l ghayat,
Particle of extremity. <2\,\t 3,- harul mubhmt,
Demonstrative particle. <<i> 23,- har-i mutaharrak, A
563
A Je;3,- hurkus, A kind of winged flea.
A -,- hurkuf, A lean nag. A certain reptile.
A c- hark (from 9-) Striking (a horse) on the withers.
Withholding a debt. A. bi harkihi, On his account. Harik,
Nimble, quick. Ingenious. Industrious.
A <2%- harakt, (pl. of 3.5,- harakat) Motions. Vowel
points. <2\,{-> <2\,- harakat wa sakanat, Proceedings.
Vowels and consonants.

consonant inflected with a short vowel. J;t ,-,- harf-i A&S9- harakat, Motion, action, conduct, procedure. Agi
majhill, A sharp letter, as 5 in J, sher, A lion. Jy-- 23,- tation of mind or body. Disturbance, commotion. Prevention,
harf-i masrk, A letter written though not pronounced, as 2 in hindrance. A vowel. xi- ,-5,- harakat-i mikdary,
Jly- kh'ahish. iya.' ..3,-harf-i matri, An open or a The expanding or shrinking motion (in bodies capable of growth
broad letter, as s in J shir, Milk. 455-2 23,- harf-i or decrease). L-ex ,--9-harakat-i wazatly, The rotatory mo
matnawiy, A postposition. ** 23,- harf-imagiyat, Particle tion (of the heavenly bodies). re 9- harakat kardan, To
of society. "A." 3,-harfu'n'nidi, Vocative particle. 5- move, proceed, behave. To commit an improper action.
) haru 'n 'nudbat, Particle of lamentation. J) - A J- harakati, An interrupter.

harfu'l nay, Particle of negation. *" AT ,-,- harf-i A &- harkasat, Commotion.

khir-i abjad, The letter & ghayn. The nightingale. 3,- A &- harkakat, The upper part of the thigh, (by others)

5-; harf ba harf (also by-,- haran haran), Letter the nether part on which one sits. The buttock (of a camel).
by letter, literally. Hurf, Cresses (or the seed). Misfortune, A &S,- harkalat (from J- q), Taking no game (a hun

the making no money. 3,- hurf-i babiliy, Babylonian
cresses. Hiraf, (pl. of &#~ hirfat) Trades, arts, sciences.
ru f 3,- har-shn, Just able to read.
r_j\}\ 3,- har-andz, Cunning, artful. (HUNTER.)
P-5's 3,-harf-andz, Cunning, artifice, art.
A &3,- hirfat (also 43,-- hirfah), A trade, art, business, pro
fession. Skill, ingenuity, cleverness, cunning. A corporation,
a body of artificers. 3-5,- .J'ahl-i hirfat, An artisan, a trader.
Hurfat, Misfortune. Hirafat, (pl. of 3,-harf) Letters.
* 5; c-3-hirfat-bz, Witchcraft.
A 333,-harfazat, Fine slender he-camels.
A &is,* hirfazat, An excellent she-camel.
*A*5 harf-gir, A censurer, a caviller, a critic.
P <2* 3,-- har-giri, Accusation, reproach. Criticism.
*A J- haraka, (fut. J.-: yahriku or yahruku) He burnt.
A JP-hark (from J-), Burning. Filing. Grinding the
teeth (in a rage). Being burnt by too much beating (cloth).
IIarak (from J;-), Having a burnt appearance from too much
beating (cloth), Dropping off (the hair). Fire. Rage. Harik,
Losing the hair, bald. (A cloud) sending out vivid lightning.
Hurak, Very salt (water, almost burning).
Ae- hurkn (from J,-), Chafing (as the thighs).
ter). A mode of walking. A leathern saddle.
*A*- harama, (fut. *A*: yahrimu) He prohibited.
re- harm, Any place kept guarded. Harim, An anathema.
J ,- harim kardan, To anathematize, pronounce accursed.
A c- harm, Despair. Hirm, Forbidden. Unlawful. Ne
cessary. Expedient, proper. Hurm (from -), Being pro
hibited. (pl. of - hirm) Forbidden things. Haram (from
**) Being forbidden, unlawful. Sacred, interdicted from pro
miscuous use. The sacred enclosure at Mecca, or precincts of
the temple which is called &J) e- haramu 'llah. c
Al
haram, Mecca and its temple. The most sacred and most re
The haram or women's
tired place of a temple or a palace.
apartments. A wife. A daughter, a ward. Unlawful. P z
ex** haram-i humayun, The seraglio of a great monarch.
A Harim (from *A-), Prohibiting. Disappointment, failure,
repulse. Huram, Prohibited, inviolable. (pl. of 9,- hurmat)
Wives. Families. Hurum (from ^,-), Being prohibited.
Four months during which it is unlawful to fight (viz. the first,
Muharram; seventh, Rajab; and two last, Zl kaadat and Zl
hijat. (pl. of ey- harm) Venerable. Clad in pilgrim's attire.
(pl. of A- harim) Things which a person keeps with care.
A <2\,- huramt, (pl. of 3.9,-) Inviolable things. Families.

A *5- hurkut, Flame, fire. Ardour, heat. Aj.o,- Hirmz, Name of an Arabian tribe.
A \,- hirkid, The root of the tongue. A L-t- hirms, Smooth, light. Hard (ground).
A 3-9,- harkadat, The head of the wind-pipe. a c- harman, Libidinous (sheep, &c.). Hirman (from
A & 5,- harkaat, The top or the projecting part of the hip.
,-), Being prohibited, declared unlawful. Prohibiting, mak
(from ii,~ 0), (One ass) biting (another) on that place. ing unlawful. Rejecting, depriving of hope. A repulse, disap
A &ls= harkalat, A manner of walking. pointment, mortification. re,95 J- 2 Jr. ghabn o hirman
A $35,2- harkuwat, The upper part of the uvula. kardan, To deceive and disappoint.
4 C 2
 - C
_2 > 564 F}-

P cl- hirmn, Repulse. Desire, earnest application.
A c- Haramni, (dual) Mecca and Madina.
A &= harmat and haramat, Desire of copulation (in cloven uvula. 3!) -5,- huriifu'l'luyniyat, Soft letters. -i >
footed beasts). Disappointment. Ill-luck. Hurmat (from -),
Being unlawful, forbidden. Hurmat, huramat, or hurumat, Pro
hibited, sacred. Whatever is in the keeping of another. A wife.
A family. A divine command. Guard, protection. Honour,
reputation, chastity. Reverence, respect, veneration. Dignity
commanding respect Anything given above measure or weight
by a seller to a buyer. Harimat (from c-), Prohibiting.
A 3-2,-- harmad, Black mud.
A $22,- harmazat (from 29- Q), Cursing. Turning aside.
A U-2,~ harmas, A barren year.
ry- r- haram-sar, The women's apartments.
A J- harmal, Wild rue.
letters. 3.}\ |\ -5,- hurful lisiniyat, Lingual letters.
&34) 3,- hurfu'l 'lahwiyat, Letters pronounced from the
A hurui madd, Letters of prolongation. Ja --
hurfu'l masdar, Particles serving for the infinitive. -5,P-
c: Ada!'hurful muzratat, Letters forming the aorist. -
* hurful mugjam, The alphabet arranged in order con.
trary to the abjad, Ls -5,- hurf-i magna', Particles
which influence the sense. alaial) 5,- hurfu'l muktagt,
Detached letters such as occur in certain chapters of the Kur'n.
&#;" 32,- hurfu'l mawkifat, Quiescent letters. -
\s huriifu'l haj, The letters of the alphabet.
A J-harik (harruk, or G- haruka), Fuel for fire,
A &#,- harukat, Pottage, gruel

a sy- harma', (pl. of J- harmn) Libidinous (sheep).
Harmy, Prohibitive. Belonging to the enclosure at Mecca.
A -y- Haramiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A c--Haramayn, The sacred cities, Mecca and Madna.
A 39- harnniy, Of Harrn in Mesopotamia.
A &,- hurankiat, (fem.) Short.
A --> hurub, (pl. of ~~~ harb) Battles, wars. , t
<-2}- wak-it wa hurub, Encounters and battles.
A 3,5- harwat, Heat in the throat or breast (from anger or
grief). Bitterness, sourness.
A 9.2- harud, (A camel) yielding little milk. Hurd (from
9,-), Restraining. (pl. of 9,-hird) Camels' stables.
A y-harur, A warm nocturnal wind. Hurr (from Je
harra), Being hot. Heat, warmth.
Pe- harun, Restive (horse). Obstinate, self-willed (man).
A J2j harun, Refractory, restive (horse). Game which
does not come down from the summit of a mountain. Hirin,
(pl. of ,- hir) Pudenda mulierum. Hurlin (from cy-), Being
stubborn (a horse). Asking a fair, just price. Dividing (cotton).
Harrin, (pl. of 3,- harrat) Stony grounds.
P & P-harianz, Obstinacy, stubbornness, disobedience.
r & hirah, Nightshade. (CAstellus.)
A 45- hara, A court, the middle of a house. A place. A
tract. The spot where the ostrich lays her eggs. Agreeing,
corresponding with. Meetness, suitableness, Hari, Worthy,
fit, proper. Hary (from -), Waning (the moon). Harra',
Thirsty (woman). Harriy, (A camel) pasturing in a stony place.
A --> harib, Spoiled, plundered. -

A *A- harzbat, Effects, of which a man is plundered, or upon

A 32,-- harurat, Heat, warmth, ardour.
A &J,- haruryat, Freedom. Name of a sect. which he lives.
A &A- hurriyat, Freedom, frankness.
A J-huruz (or 4-xy- hurzat) (from C-), Being
ready to die (from love or grief). Being worn by long vexation. A -- harit, The char (a kind of fish).
Being cowardly, inactive, slothful. Wasting from intense desire.
A *A- harisat, Gain. A she-camel worn out with labour,
A i,~ hurf, (pl. of -5,- har) Letters. Characters. A * ~ harid, Solitary, single. Living alone, at a distance
Particles. Mountain-tops. J.) 52,- hurfu'listikbal, from a friend. (A star) shining distinct, separate from others.
Future particles. 34-) 5,- hurfu'l asliyat, Sibilant letters. F_2_-harir, A companion, a friend. Paper. Name of a
3.2% 3, 5- hurful asliyat, Radical letters. 33\2\\ - fire-temple. ** 29- harr-snah, Soft, tender-hearted.
hurufu'l izafat, Particles of annexion. J 32,- hurufut Aj P- harir, Silk, silken cloth, a silken garment. Warm,
'tasdik, Particles of affirmation. i-i-" - hurufut A 32,- harrat, A silken garment. A kind of pap made from
'tazzi, Letters of reduplication. *) 5,j- hurfu't 'tam milk and flour. Caudle. (fem. of 2,-harir) Warm.
bih, Particles for awakening the attention. A - hurfu'l A x-haririy, A silk-merchant. A thin kind of paper.
jarr, Particles of the genitive. ** 3,- hurfu'l hal Ajj-hariz, Guarded, strongly fortified. Valued, highly
prized. A preservative from the effects of poison.
kiyat, Guttural letters. &\}) 5.j- hurfu'z' zaw-id, Ser A -P- harisat, A sheep stolen by night.

vile or redundant letter. &A"-Auris shariya, A Ut-harish, A serpent speckled white and black. A
Palatal letters, e) 5.j- huriifu'sh 'shaahiyat, Labial rhinoceros. A griffin. Name of an Arabian tribe.
letters. *** - hurufu's 'sahih, Sound letters. -
A 3-A-harishat, A kind of fish. Hawkweed. - -

&\,\ huriu'l tillat, Infirm letters. J) 5.3- hurfu'l tilal, a La, haris, Covetous, greedy. --~~~~~~ *
Accidental letters. &3:) - hurufu'l 'liswiyat, Gingival mansib, Ambitious of honours and appointments.
 O
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_23
A ia,- harisat, A cloud pouring forth rain so as to break up A 25- hazwir, (pl. of 25- hazr or hazawwar) Strong,
: the ground. hale lads fit for service. (pl. of $25- hazwarat) Hillocks.
*. A vi-hariz, At the point of death (from love or sickness). A 3.25- hazwirat, (pl. of 25- hazar) Grown up youths.
-- Unarmed. A coward. Unable to rise. A c- hazza-ana, (pl. of j- hazza-a) Fortune-tellers.
*. r i,~ harf, A companion, a messmate. A dice-player. A c-hazb (from ~~), Happening, occurring. Hizb,
*. else, ,-i, P- harf-i ab o dandn, Whatever is agree- A troop; associates. Apart (particularly a sixtieth of the Kurn).
*- 2 able to one's disposition. Delicious as sweetmeats. A faithful c- ,-j- hizb-i mushrikin, Crowds or bodies of infidels.
: lover. A *#A- harf-i gala-bar, Deceitful fortune. A *j- hizb-a (or 5.ff- hizb-at), Rugged uneven ground.

: A i,~ harif, A man (used in a contemptible sense), a fel- A 35- hazzat, A single incision. Huzzat, The waist. The
Ri low. An adversary in a law-suit. A rival. One with whom waistband of the drawers. The neck. An oblong slice of meat.
*. you do business, a partner. Clever, cunning. Pleasant, facetious. A 5-j- hazhazat, Indisposition from grief.
. Impudent, audacious. Hirrif, Acid, biting (to the taste). A 9-hazd (for A-a- hasd), Harvest.
ft P J- harfn, An intimate friend, a familiar. A 5- hasr (from 25-), Measuring, guessing. Turning sour.
rus-harifi, Stratagem, fraud. PJ-hazar, A term, a mode. Warlike.
** * A&P harik, Fired, burnt. Incensed. Flame, fire. Bo- A 35- hazrat, The best part of flocks, or any kind of wealth.
rage, c-,-\&c. tazb-i harik, The torments of hell. P j-hazrah, Long.
- A & A- harikat, Pottage, gruel. Heat, warmth. A J}~ hazk (from Jja-), Fastening with a rope. Pulling
A <&A- harik, Dancing or skipping along. tight (a cord). Pressing, compressing. Hizk (and j- hizkat),
Arj-harim, Sacred, unlawful to touch. A sacred place, a A multitude. Ilizak, (pl. of J-hizk) Multitudes (of men,
-, sanctuary. The sacred enclosure at Mecca. Women's apart- birds, or palm-trees). Huzzuk (huzakk or 35- huzukkal),
:*: ments. Any thing that lies round about another and belongs to Short of stature, going with lor steps. -

------ it. A spacious place near the king's palace where soldiers are A J- hiskil, Narrow, avaricious. Ezekiel.
r exercised. A dwelling. A right, a privilege. A companion, A 5- hazk (from 5-), Girding (with a rope).
r, partner. The coarse garb of a pilgrim. Prohibited, repulsed. *A c- hazama, (fut. ej-yahsimu) He bound (the load).
A * > harimat (from ,-), Prohibiting. Any thing lost A - hazm (from j-), Binding, fastening (a load). Girth

which cannot be regained. Any thing sacred.
*Aj-hazza, (futj=yahuzzu) He cut, he notched.
Aj- hazz (from j- hazza), Cutting, making an incision,
notching. Scraping. Boring. Paining, incommoding. Ex
celling, exceeding. A notch, an incision. Time.
A j-ha--a (from j-), (Vapour) raising up (anything).
Collecting or driving (camels).
ing (a beast). Being provident, vigilant, steady, firm in mind.
A firm resolve. Vigilance, industry. Rough and hard ground.
Hazam (from j-), Having an oppression in the breast. Being
uneasy in mind. Thickness round the middle. Huzum, (pl. of
*}- hizm) Girths. Swaddling-bands.
rej- hazam, Vigilance, shrewdness. Industry. Abstinent.
A - huzama, (pl. of *}~ hazim) Provident, careful.

A}~ haza, Wild anise.
A- hazza-a, A physiognomist, a palmister.
A 2'- hazabi (also &j- hazabiyat), Thick and short.
IIasibly, Victorious. (pl. of *\}~ hizb-a) Rough grounds.
Ajj- hazz and hiraz, Scales on the head. Indisposition of
mind. Hizz, Diligence. Hazzaz, Scraping, boring. Indis
position of mind. Anger. Anxiety. A*}}- hazzazus'
s sakhr, Lichen. Hizzz, (pl. of jj- haziz) Rough places.
Huzzas, Indisposition of mind from anger.
- A 359 hazzat, Scurf. Indisposition of mind from anger.
.. A "Gj- hizakan, Necessarily, by force.
A 135-hazkilat, The lowest (rank of men).
- A *}- hizm, A belt, girth, surcingle.
Swaddling-bands.
A -j- hazamat (from -), Being provident, firm in mind.
!, Arj- hazmr, (Taking) the whole.
A ey- hizzn, (pl. of jj- hazz) Rough places.
. A &\}- huznat, A family, domestics (a source of care).
A &j- huzmat, An armful (of wood or corn). Hasamat,
Vigilance, foresight. (pl. of *j- hazim) Provident, careful.
A 25- hazmar, A king. The bursting of the leek-flower.
Fjy j- hizm rz, The first day of the Persian month.
A J- hizmal, A despicable woman.
Ax~ hazmr, (Taking) the whole.
Auj-hazn, Rough ground. Huzn and hazan, Grief, sad
ness, affliction, sorrow. Hazin, Sad. Having a good name.
Huzan, (pl. of &}~ huznat) Rugged mountains.
A J- hazambal, Short and compact of body. A foolish
female. An old woman. A species of sweet herbs.
**}-husna, A rugged mountain.
A 35-hazniy, (A camel) pasturing on rough ground.
A 25- hazw (from 23-), Guessing at, estimating.
A_2}~ hazur or hasawwar, A lad arrived at the age of pu
berty, strong, and fit for service.
A $2.5-hazwarat, A little hill.
 \-> 566 Q-->

A J%j- hazawkal, Short of stature, a dwarf. r -U.3 -\-- hisb-kitb, Accounts. (HUNTER.)
A - huzm, (pl. of j-hazm) Hard grounds. * L-3 -\-- hisb-nawis, An accountant.
A c-hazn also huzn, Vicious (sheep). Huzn, (pl. of A e-- hisibly, Accountable, accurate, just, proper.
ey-hazn) Rugged grounds. a 3- hussaid, (pl. of 3-A- hsid) Envious, haters, enemies,
A. &j- huznat, Ruggedness of ground. A scu-- hasdat (from 3--), Envying. Envy.
A 5- hazy (from 45-), Measuring, guessing at. (Vapour) A_j\-- hussar, (pl. of ,-u- hsir) Unarmed, disarmed.
raising up (anything). Driving away (birds). A J--- hiss, (111 of U- hassa) Following. Huss, Ma.
rej-hazidan, To mine, burrow, hide. lignity, depravity. Unhappiness. A small fish which is gene.
A JAj- hazrn, The Syro-Macedonian month of July. rally dried. Hasss, Endowed with the five senses. An animal.
A}}~ hazz, A steep rugged place. A e--- Hassin, Name of a warlike nation in Kurdistn,
A c-hazik (also &j- hazikat) A multitude (of men, of whom frequent mention is made in the history of the Crusades,
birds, or palm-trees). A&\-- husfut, The refuse of rotten dates, Anger, rage,
A rej- hasin, Provident. A belt or girth. The swathes or indignation. Hatred.
straps of a cradle. The breast, the pit of the chest. A & SV-- haskat also huskat, The asperity of a malevolent
A c-hazin, Sad, afflicted, melancholy, grieved. (A man) mind. A hedge-hog.
of a good name. s * Quc mliku l hazin, Name of a fish. r 3-- haskik, The small of anything. (CASTELLUs.)
A U-- hass (from U-- hassa), (Cold) nipping (plants). A JS-- haskil, (pl. of JQ-- hiskil) Young animals.
Destroying, killing. Plucking up by the roots. Shaking off the A l--haskilat, The lower rank of people in general.
dust. Currying (a horse), or combing (his) mane. Broiling A&M- huslat, Chaff, husks, parings.
(meat) on the coals. Toasting (a locust). Removing (the em A *\-- husam, A sharp sword; also its edge. P J-'->
bers) to a side (for baking bread or roasting meat). Perceiv UT husm-i khan-asham, A blood-drinking scymitar.
ing. Following. Hiss (from U-- hassa), Being touched with A e-- hisn, (111 of c--) Treating kindly, acting well.
pity or sympathy; loving. Helping, assisting. Perceiving, com Hussan or hassn, Very good or beautiful.
prehending, discovering, understanding, receiving certain in P *** e-- Hasan ajam, Name of a certain prince.
telligence. Following. Listening to. Uttering a low sound. *A C-- hasaba, (fut. --> yahsubu) He reckoned.
Being ill-tempered. A low murmuring sound. The pains A Q--~ hasb (from Q--~), Computing, calculating, count
of childbed, also those following the birth. The nipping of ing. Reflecting upon, considering. A sufficiency. A surely,
plants by cold. Sense, sentiment, feeling, imagination. Sym Burying a corpse amongst stones or in a winding-sheet. -->
pathy. Genius, intellect. e -U- hiss-i batin, Internal sense. 53-) has bu'l ijazat, According to license. 5A:) Q-->
A* .v.- hiss-i zahir, External sense. << -U- hiss-i has bu'l isharat, In conformity to the signal, or hint. -->
mushtarik, Common sense. Hassi, The sudden cry of pain ya) hasbu'l i-tirr, Necessarily. Vil) --~ hasbu'l
upon touching unexpectedly any thing burning hot. --> cr iktiza, As occasion may require. e u-2- hasbu'limkn,
- 3 min hassika wa bassika, From wheresoever you please. As far as possible. J- --~~~ hasb-i hl, According to exigen
A \-- has-a (from 5->), Sipping. Soup, broth, pottage.
| --~ hasbu'l hukm,
cy, from the state (of affairs, &c.).
A c-- hisb (from -->) Reckoning. Computation, According to the order: a patent, or order under the seal of the
calculation. Number, proportion. Sufficient. (pl. of e--> Wazir. sle .--> hasb-i dil-kh'ah, Agreeablyto one's desire.
has ab) Quantities, measures, rates. (III of --) Reckoning
e- J --~~~2 bar hasb-i farmn-i sultn, According
with, calling to account. Considering attentively. --~~~
to the commands of the emperor. 5,35) J.-- hasbu'lkudral,
film-i hisb, Arithmetic. ~~~~< ghayr his ab, Not reckoned.
To the best of one's abilities. --~ bi hasbi, According to.
~~~ x. yawmul hisb, The day of reckoning. P ,-\-> J:- t> &\,-\-hastumamara'ilah wa ballagha'rrasil,
J- hisb-ijumal, Arithmetic. Addition. A chronogram. An As God commands and the prophet explains. Jr" -->
account. The reckoning by abjad. (Burhn-i ktie.) ---> hasbu'l ma-mur, Agreeable to command. \cal) Q--> hasbu'l
c hisb kardan, To keep accounts, to calculate. --> es' muddata, According to wish. Va.) --- hasbu'l marm,
bi hisb, Innumerable. A Hussab, (pl. of c-\- hsib) Ac Agreeable to my desires. Jx~!) --- hasbu'l magml, Agree.
countants. Receivers. Paymasters. able to custom. exex." Q-a- has bu'l mawtd, According to
A &\-- hasbat (from -->), Having good reputation. promise. &\, ,--- hasb-i wkitah, According to fact.
wages, price of labour. Hisbat (from --~~), Computing. J;-) --~ hasbu'l wusuli, According to the produce: re--
Being highly esteemed, of a respectable family. venues to be afterwards settled according to the croP, &c. J.
P e's-> hisab-dn, An arithmetician.
-- tala' hasbi, In respect, on account of V-- hasbum!"

i
 _-- 567 co--

According to which. Hasab or hasb, Quantity, measure, pro A sy---hasra, (pl. of r-hasir) Tired. Dim-sighted.
portion, value. Number. Way, mode, manner, occasion. Re A --- hasf GFrom -->), Cleaning (dates).
pulation, estimation. Dignity, nobility. Pedigree. Opulence. A J-- hasfal and hisil, Whatever is small and contempti
Sufficiency. Religion. Numbered, counted. ble in any thing. Hasal, Puny (children).
P --~ hasab, A pearl. Any thing precious. Wealth. A J-- hiskal, Large-bellied. Hiskil, A tiny foetus.
A tent. A family. A tribe. An ell. A c--hasak (from t--), Being rough towards (any
A --> hisab, (pl. of 3~~ hisbat) Rewards, remunerations. one). Conceiving hatred. Envy, enmity, hostility. A prickly
A e-- husbn (from C-->), Computing, reckoning.
plant which clings to the wool of sheep. Caltrops for keeping
Reflecting upon. A short arrow. Punishment. A calamity. off cavalry. Hasik, Angry.
A tumult. A secret. A small pillow or cushion. Any thing A & Q-- haskat, Envy. Hatred. Hasakat, One caltrop.
striking terror (as lightning). A small ant. Locusts. 23.9 A c-hiskik, A hedgehog.
e-- daftar-i husban, A register. A JK-- haskal, Any thing bad of its sort. Hiskil, Sparks
A c-- husbnt, (pl. of e-- husban) Calculations. of fire flying from red hot iron whilst hammering. Hiski!
A&\-- husbnat, One short arrow. A small pillow. (<1%-- hiskilat or &&.-hiskilat), A small young animal.
r-- hisbat, Goodness. (CASTELLUs.) A 1%-- haskalat (from J-> Q); Slaying young camels.
A 3-- hisbat (from --~), Reckoning. A reward, hire,
A J-- has! (from J->), Despising, holding in contempt.
price. The administration of affairs. A certain mode of reckon
Hisl, A young crocodile recently hatched. Js 3' abu'l hist,
ing. Burial. 3.} & e- hisbatan lillah, For the love of God.
A <-- hasabaka, Well done! bravo! The crocodile or Lybian lizard. J--" cr sannul hist, Never.
A J-> hisln, (pl. of J-- his!) Crocodiles newly hatched.
A &-- hasbalat (from J-- 0), Pronouncing the formula
<!!! -- hasbun 'llah, God is sufficient for us. A -- hasm (from *~~), Cutting, paring. Searing (a limb
A s-> hasbiy, Belonging to nobility. or vein) to prevent it from bleeding. Forbidding.
A&--hassat or hissat, A state, condition. A -- hisma', A plain in the desert, the mountains near to
P & K-- hastak, The written and signed sentence of a judge. which are scarcely ever free from dust. Husamiy, Very hairy.
A U-\s-- has-hs, Liberal, generous. Hus-has, Small fish *A c-- hasuna, (fut. J-e-, yahsunu) (It) was good.
which they are accustomed to dry. A c-a-hasan (or c- cy-- hasan basan), Beautiful, ele
A 3-s has-hasat (from U s q), Laying (meat) upon gant. Husn, Beauty. Goodness, elegance. J-W * -

the embers. husn-i ikhtiyar (or <-2) iradat), Free-will. A.T *U->
+A A-> hasada, (fut. M--2Jahsidu and yahsudu) He envied. husn-i adab, Good manners. * us' zr-- husn-i bi nazir,
A *-a-hasad (from A->), Envying. Envy, malevolence, Incomparable beauty. Je J-- husn-i tadbir, Good ma
malice, emulation. reje, -- hasad burdan, To envy. nagement, prudence. r J- zer-- ye darhusn-i hl, In an
P ! -- has ad-r, Malevolent. (Burhn-i ktie.) excellent manner. A -\las- 29-> husn-i khitb, Eloquence.
A 39-- hasadat, (pl. of ~~ hasid and 95-) Envious. c- ex-husn-i khulk, A good disposition. * zer-> husn-i
ra-y, Prudent counsel. - zer-- husn-i suluk, Upright
a J--hasdal, The tike. conduct. J% /J-- husn-i zann, A good opinion, a favourable
A J-> hasdaly, (A neighbour) of pretended friendship.
judgment. J*A* 2C-- husn-i triyat?, Borrowed beauty,
Ar-- hasr (from 2-), Drawing (a sleeve off the arm). i.e. such as is supplied by antimony or ornaments. Cic -U->
Removing (a veil) from the face. Baring a limb. Bereaving
husn-i takidat, Loyalty, fidelity. Age,c-- husn-i tahd, Good
of children. Wearying. Vexing, annoying. Hasar (from faith. J: .e.-- "cj karin-i husn-i kabul, Agreeable, ac
J--), Becoming fatigued and dim from over-exertion (the ceptable. 4.<!-- J-- husn-i mumalah, Good correspon
sight). Sighing for grief. Hasir, Dim-sighted. dence. i.e. 'J-- husn-i ysuf, A sponge. P s-c J->
A -,--hasart (pl. of 5,-- hasrat) Sighs. Hasan Maymundi, Name of the vazir of Mahmd Sabaktagin.
A 5,-- hasrat and hasarat (from >>), Sighing for grief. A U-- hasn, Beautiful (woman).
Grief, regret. Impatience, passion. Strong desire, emulation, Ae-- hasant, (pl. of 3-- hasanat) Beautiful, good.
ambition. Envy. 94) c-- hasratu'l muluk, A gut Public foundations. re <--- hasant kardan, To per
pudding stuffed with meat and rice. --~~|~ : c-- hasrat form good works, to build mosques, colleges, inns, hospitals.
wanadmat, Regret and repentance. re-'- <>, > hasrat A&--hisnat, Reward, hire. Hasanat, A good work, benefit.
dshtan, To sigh after, to regret (the absence of any one), to Good fortune. <- : *-- hasanah wasi-ah, Good and bad.
wish anxiously to see a person. r 3-- hasank, The writing of the judge confirming any
f soj, hasrat-zadah , Woebegone, afflicted. (HUNTER). agreement or contract. (CASTELLus.)
 C- - 568
A U-- husna, Most beautiful, most excellent, fairest, best.
Paradise. Victory, or where one dies a glorious death. Good
ness. The Muhammadan faith. - Au- asm-i husna,
The excellent names, i. e. the ninety-nine attributes of God.
P}~~ hasu, Pap, gruel, hasty pudding.
A 3-- haste (from 5-a-), Sipping (soup or broth). Hasaw,
A draught. One who sips much.
A 3:-- haswat, One draught. Huswat, Any think drinkable,
as soup. What is drank at one draught.
A 95-- hasud, Envious. Husad (from 3--), Envying.
A_j -- husur (from J--), Becoming dim-sighted. Being
indisposed, pained. Becoming vile or wretched.
A U-3-- hasis, Dry, burnt up, barren (year).
A J;-- husul, (pl. of J-- hisl) Young land-crocodiles.
A x-> husum, Wicked. Continued unfortunate (nights).
Weaned. Fatigued with labour.
A G-- hasy (from -), Perceiving, knowing. Excavat
ing sand from any place, that the water which lodges there may
be drawn out. Hisy, Water absorbed in sandy ground, and
collecting on a solid stratum of stone or clay below; also stratum.
A U-- hassiy, Sensual, belonging to sense.
P -- has7b, Roast meat. &lt;!) --~~ has 7bu'l buz
ghalah, A gut-pudding stuffed with rice and minced meat.
A --> has ab, Estimated, esteemed, valued. Conspicuous
for birth, dignity, or merit. Revenging or resenting an injury.
A reckoner (a name of God).
P <<-- hasibak, Sheeps' chitterlings stuffed.
A G-> has it (for c-e- hasistu), I comprehend.
A 2-- hasir, Tired. Sighing. Dim-sighted.
A U-- hasis, A low, obscure sound. The noise made by
fire. Slain. IIusays, (dim. of e-- hasan) Little Hasn.
A &r--- has fat, Anger, rage, indignation, hatred. What
ever is thrown away as vile and despicable.
A c--hasik, Short.
A &-- has ikat, The unfeelingness of a malevolent mind,
hatred. A hedge-hog.
A J-- has il, A calf, a stirk, a runt.
A &-- haslat, Bad dates, dried, macerated, and sweet
ened with water. (fem, of J.--hasil) A heifer.
A c-- husayn, (dim. of c-- hasan) Beautiful. Good.
Name of a son of the khalif Aliy. Name of a sect.
rus-- husayni, Relating to Husayn. Any vessel made of
leather. Name of a note in music.
#A U- hashsha, (fut. U-2 yahushshu) He lighted (a fire).
A U.- hashsh (from Ui- hashsha), Lighting (a fire). Mak
ing keen or covetous. Cutting or mowing (hay). Feeding
with hay or dry grass; holding it out (to a horse). Feathering
(an arrow). Wounding (in the belly) with an arrow. Gaining.
Hashsh or hishsh, A garden, a palm-plantation. A fire. Hushsh,
A privy (as being generally in a garden).
*A*- hasha-a, (fut. t-: Jahsha-u) He struck with a whip
on the side or belly. He ran through (with an arrow). He
lighted (a fire). He had an asthma. He humbled (the woman).
A\!-- hash, The bowels, the diaphragm. A side, a quarter,
AA- hash-a, (pl. of 3. hashiyat) Stuffed couches or
beds. Stuffings about the breast or hips. Hish-a, (III of
Ust--) Excepting, excluding from a number. Abstaining from.
A c- hashd, (Ground) over which the water does not
flow except after an abundant (or very scanty) shower.
AJ- hishar, (pl. of 3,4- hasharat), Assembled crowds.
A L- hushsh (and &\-- hushshat), The remains of
life, last breathings of a dying man. Hushshash, Foragers,
A c- hishk, A muzzle to prevent a kid from sucking
Hashshak, Name of a river, and of a city.
Ae- hishshn, (pl. of U- hashsh or hishsh), Garden.
A \,\!-- hashy, (pl. of 3.3- hashiyat) Stuffed couches.
A L- hasha-ish, (pl. of Ut-- hashish) Dry grasses.
A J--- hash-ishy, A forager.
A &- hashd (from A^-), Assembling. Bringing together,
A never failing fountain. Hashd or hashad, A troop, a crowd.
AJ-- hashr (from J--), Assembling. Sharpening, making
thin, making elegant. Destroying (as a severe season). Driv
ing, rousing, exciting. Raising the dead. Being dead. (sing:
du. and pl.) Delicately formed (ear). Sharp (p-
yawmu'l hashr, The day of resurrection. Hashar, (pl. of 5
hasharat) Husks. Game. IIashir, Moderate-sized, well shaped
(leathern bottle). IIashur, hushur, or hushr, Scales on the head.
Pr-- hashar, A meeting, a congregation, a concourse.
A-,-- hashart, (pl. of 3,4- hasharat) Creeping things,
animalcules, little beasts. J ,-,-- Reptiles of the earth.
A 5,2- hasharat, A reptile, an insect. Chaff. The excres'
cences of trees (as gum). Game (of the most delicious kind).
A gr- hashraj (or &:- hashrajat), A small jug or cup.
A well in a sandy situation. A hole or crevice in a mountain
(through which water subsides and becomes purified).
A *-i-- hashrajat (from t- Q), Making a rattling noise
in the throat (a dying man, or an ass when braying).
A -> hashraf, The serrated fig-tree (found in Arabia).
P *A- hashar-gay, A woman who has many lovers.
A &s-hishirmat, The little groove on the upper lip between
the mouth and nose.
A U--> hashash, Herbs, simples.
A -- hashf, Dry bread. Hashafor hashi, Very bad dates,
or small-stoned, dry and worthless. A dried-up udder.
A &t-- hashaat, Glans penis.
<<- hashk (or <!-- hushuk), (from <<) Being
A
full of milk (an udder). Being loaded with fruit (a palm-tree).
Assembling, coming together (people). Pouring down rain pr
 C-
--
569 \-e-

fusely (the clouds). Becoming strong (the wind). Leaving (a The powder of the leaves of hemp, from which they prepare an
camel) unmilked until her udder be completely filled. inebriating electuary. An abortion. \las) J} ,U--hashish-i
A&- hashkat, Plentiful rain. bazri'l kitn, Leaves of fleawort. 3-j- v- hashish-i
A J-hashl, Whatever is vile and worthless of any thing. khursn, Worm-seed. z) Ut-- hashishu's' zajj, A
A *-- hashm (from --~), Using offensive language in the water-plant. U%y Ut-> hashishul faraz, Perennial darnel.
hearing of another, firing him with rage. Putting to the blush. A 3-- hashishat, One herb. 3.--> 3." abu hashishat,
Being angry, enraged. Hasham (from --~), Having many The gullet of beasts which graze. JA) -- hashishatu'l
servants, keeping a large establishment. Train, equipage, suite. barrk, Name of an herb which shines at night. -) &--
Neighbours. Inhabitants of a country. Hushum, Very bashful. hashishatuz' zahab, Name of an herb which turns sheep's teeth
P c- hasham, Black tents (used by the inhabitants of the de yellow. :M &:- hashishatu'r'rih, Pellitory of the wall.
serts). Those who lead a wandering life. A Q-i-- hashif, Old worn-out clothes.
A*- hashmat (from --), Being enraged. Being bash A &t-- hashilat, A family, domestics.
ful, ashamed. Having a magnificent retinue, a great following. A --> hashim, Possessed of a great retinue.
Feared.
State, dignity. Equipage, retinue. Hishmat, Reverence, re *A La-hassa, (fut. Jack yahussu) He went fast.
*|:
-
spect. Anger. Magnificence. Shame, bashfulness. Humanity, A La-hass (from La- hassa), Going fast. Waving, nod
:t:
civility. Hushmat, A woman. Patronage. Propinquity, affinity, ding (as the plumage of a helmet or the hair of the head). Thin
neighbourhood. Reins, a bridle. Hashamat, Servants, atten ness of hair. Huss, Saffron. The yellow chives of flowers.
dants, clients. Pomp, equipage, magnificence. (pl. of Ja- ahass) Thin-haired.
A c-- hashn (from c-), Smelling fetidly, from being un A *La- has-a (from \a-), Quenching (thirst). Filling his
washed. Grime sticking to a milk-pan. A bottle or milk-dish. paunch (a kid). Breaking wind.
A &t-hishnat, Malevolence, hatred. A\a- has, Little stones, gravel. A barren year.
A 5-- hashw (from 3-), Quilting (a garment with cotton). A \a-hass, (fem, of U- ahass) Thin-haired. (A bird)
Stuffing (a pillow, a cushion, or a bed); also whatever they are thinly feathered on the wing. Barren (year). Unfortunate.
stuffed with. People of the meanest condition. Small camels. A 5-a- hast, One pebble. A stone in the bladder. Under
Prolixity. The intermediate feet of a hemistich. We 3-- standing, intellect. & K-15 a- hastu'l misk, A particle of
hashw minh, Subtraction, deduction. The quantity deducted. musk. Sua- 33 zu hast, Endowed with understanding.
A 35-- hushwat and hishwat, The intestines, bowels. People A cla- hasd or hisd (from 2-a-), Reaping. Being firmly
J 3,3- The intestines.
of the meanest condition. twisted (a rope). Dying. The harvest. Pola- .<-3, je dar
A ex~ hashud (or $- hashuk), (A camel) collecting wakt-i hasd, In time of harvest. A Hassad, A reaper.
milk soon in the udder. Ajka- hasr also hisr, A small saddle or riding-cushion.
AJ-hashwar, Firm-fleshed (horse having swollen sides). Hisr, (111 of Pas-) Besieging. A fortified town, a castle. A
A3-hashwarat, An avaricious old woman. A large-bellied fence, an inclosure. Py- 2\a- hisar-i ustuwr, A strong for
woman. A mare compact in the body. tification. Je crs Ja- hisr-i hanin-diwr, A castle
A Lx~ hushsh, (pl. of Ui- hashsh or of hishsh) Gardens.
having walls like iron, cj 2\a- hisr-i barin, The highest
Palm-plantations. (pl. of U-hushsh) Necessaries, ivy-bushes. '-a- hisr-puld, A thimble. A chafing-dish.
heaven.

A x~ hushum (from --~), Recovering his flesh, becoming The lower heaven. Sjr! 2\a- hisr-i pirozah (also c
plump (a horse), after having been lean. mutallak), The sky. UF 2\a- hisar-i tarkash, A quiver.
A *::- hashwiyt, Unmeaning, unprofitable words. Name of a fortress in the island of Malhah. Jcel Ma
Hisr-shdmn, Name of a city in Turkistan. Jka- hi
A&;-- Hashawiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect. sr kardan, To lay siege to. Jy" L 2\a- hisr-i hazar
A U-- hashy (from Us:-), Having an asthma. Breathing mkhi, Heaven. The zodiac. The eighth heaven, namely,
hard." Being filthy and nauseous from the pellicle or unctuous
that of the fixed stars.
particles of milk (a leathern bottle). Hasha', Bowels. A safe
r_ka- Hisr, Name of a town. Name of a note in music.
guard. Hashi, Short-winded. Hashiy, Dry. Marred. P ka- hisari, A soldier in garrison.
A J- hashyan, Short-winded, pursy, asthmatic.
A Jea- hiss, (111 of La- hassa) Dividing any thing with

A --> hashib, A rough coarse garment. another, giving him his share. Huss, Wehemence, velocity.
A*- hashiyat, A stuffed couch or bed. Any stuffing which The full speed of an ass running with his ears laid down and his
gives a false prominency to the breasts or hips. tail erect. The rumbling of the belly.
A U- hashish (from U- hashsha), Rendering covetous, a & La- hasat (from Cia-), Being endued with a sound
inspiring with desire or avidity. Dry herbage, hay, or grass. mind and judgment.
4 D
 _j-e-
Aris- Jlla- haslbn akhzar, Rosemary.
A&J'a-huslat, Chaff, refuse, sweepings.
A -la-hassm, One who breaks wind often. -
A eva-hasin, A chaste woman. Hisn or hasn, A beauti
ful, strong, entire horse.
A&\a- hasnat (from cra-), Being strong. Being chaste (a date-flowers. Hasal (from J-a-), Having the cholic from
woman), keeping close at home. Firmness, stability, durability.
A sa- has-id, (pl. of 32-- hasidat) Harvests. Ava
&-J) has-idu'l alsinat, Sayings for which the tongue is cut out.
A Ja- has-il, (pl. of ra- hasilat) Residues, remains.
A --a- hasb (from a-), Throwing pebbles. Throwing
(into the fire). Travelling, roaming about. Hasab (from
-va-), Having an eruption from fullness of blood. Fuel thrown
upon the fire. Hasib, (A place) full of gravel. An eruption
from a fullness of blood. (Wind) scattering gravel.
A \ra- hasb, Gravel, pebbles. -
A 3-a- hasbat, hasabat, or hasbat, Measles. Spotted fever.
A ta- hissat or hissah, A lot, portion, part. Division. &a-
<!-hissa-i khlisah, Crown-dues. ---, 4-a-hissa-i wasiyat,
A legacy, a bequest.
A U2\s- has-hs, Swift, not languid (pace). His-has (from
Lasr o), Appearing, being clear, manifest.
A Lasr his-his, Earth and stones. - -
A&as a- has-hasat (from Lasr o), Walking fast. Ap
pearing, becoming manifest. Moving one thing against another
so as to fit. Fixing the knee firmly on the ground when about
to rise (a loaded camel).
*A &a=- hasada, (fut. A 2-. Jahsudu or yahsidu) He reaped.
A Ma- hasd (from A-a-), Reaping. Being twisted tight (a
rope). Dying. Hasad, Cut down. Harvest. Hasid, Strong. &; a c-a-hus un-i masunah, Fortified castles. {}; cya
A "&a=- hasda, (A coat of mail) of close rings. Leafy (tree). husun wa kilt, Castles and forts.
*Aya- hasara, (fut, ras: yahsuru) He besieged closely.
Aya- hasr (from ra-), Closely besieging, blockading. De
taining, hindering, confining. Prohibiting. Numbering, count J hissah-dr kardan, To impart, communicate, distribute.
ing. Having the orifices of the teats narrow (a camel). Ava
ricious. Close, trusty, P Jyr rae- hasr-birn, Innumerable.
e-A re- hasr kardan, To surround, besiege. A Husr, Cos
tiveness. Hasar (from ya-), Being weak and tired. Being
avaricious. Being narrow (hearted or chested). Being hin
dered, unable (to accomplish a thing). Keeping close a secret.
Faltering, hesitating (when reading). Straitness in the chest. ing). Number, multitude. Gravel, pebbles, small stones.
Covetousness. Hasir, One who keeps a secret. Avaricious.
Unable to articulate from anguish. Hussar, (pl. of2- hasir)
Besiegers. Restrainers. Astringents. Reckoners. Mat-makers. Harvest, corn piled up in ricks.
A&a=- hasrabat, Anxious tenacity, avarice.
A ra- hisrim, Sour grapes or other fruit. Close, covetous.
A 3-ya- hasramat (from era- ), Drawing (a bow), twist
ing (a rope) very tight. Instigating, exciting. Filling (a lea
thern bottle). Mending (a pen).
A Jra- hisrimy, The juice of unripe grapes.
5 0 s:--
A ra- hisrimiyat, Food prepared from unripe grapes.
A Jaa-hasas, Thinness of hair. Hisas, (pl. of &a-) Lot.
A -i-a-hasaf, A ring-worm, the dry-scab.
A &a- hiskat, A candlestick.
A.J. a- hasl and hasal, Unformed, immature dates. Yellow
eating grit (a horse). Chaff, sweepings of the floor.
A 4-a- his lib (and "...a- hislim), Earth, dust,
A & La-hasalat, A single unripe date. -
A U-a-hasm, (fem.) An ass that breaks wind often.
A cra- hism, A castle, a fortification. Custody. Ja-...--
hisn-i hasin, An impregnable fortress. Husn (from ca-),
Being guarded, preserved. Chastity, modesty.
A U.a- hasn, A modest woman.
A 3-2- hasw (from 5-a-), Preventing, hindering. Breaking
wind. Suffering from a twist of the bowels. -
AJ3-a- hasr (or za-hasir), Narrow-minded; avaricious.
Chaste, abstemious. Destitute of offspring. A camel, the orifice
of whose teats is narrow. A king. A prison. A date store.
house. A mat on which one sits. The side. A vein or muscle
passing by the side to the belly (of a horse). 2-& Al hasur,
John the Baptist.
A J;-a- husul (from J-a-), Remaining over. Coming forth.
Existing, appearing clear. Produce. Collection, acquisition.
Profit, gain. r. J;-a- husul-i marm, The obtaining of
eyes 23. Jya- husul-pazir shudan, To appear.
one's wish. P
A xa- husiam (from ra-), Breaking. Breaking wind.
A exa- husun, (pl. of cra- hisn) Fortifications. Castles.
P Uck &a- hissah-bakhsh, A distributor of lots.
pje &a- hissah-dr, A participator, a partaker. j9 &d-
P '- &a- hissah-dri, The being entitled to a share.
P A-) &a=- hissah-rasad, An equal share, a proportional part.
*As a hissah-gir, One who takes his share.
A ga- hasa' (from Uga-), Making an impression. Abound
ing in gravel (land). Being endowed with (a sound understan".
A -->\-a-hasayt, (pl. of Ja- hasa) Pebbles.
A Q-a-hasid, Reaped. Overthrown, and utterly destroy"
A 39-a-hasidat, (fem.) Any thing cut; harvest.
P_ra- has r, A mat. A case for a musical instrument.
A ira- has if, Firm, sound injudgment.
A &ra- hasilat, The remains, the rest. A relic.
A ra- hasim, Small gravel.
A ca-hasin, Fortified. Strong. A fortification. A prison.
 \a-

Husayn, (dim. of cra- hisn) A little fortress. e---> abu'l ** hazrat padshah, His majesty, J slas- rd
husayn, The father of the little fortress, i.e. the fox. hazrat khud-i bi zawl, The Lord God without end. A Ha
A Li-hazz (from Ui-hazza), Instigating, exciting. Huzz zarat, Grief (pl. of re- hazir) Citizens.
A ori- hizrim, Very liberal (man). Copious, ample.
(from hazza), Stirring up. Incitement, instigation.
*A*-i- haza-a, (fut. ti-yahsa-u) He stirred (the fire). A &ri- hazramat (from ri- 0), Pronouncing vowels badly.

A2-Li-hazjir, A hyena, (pl. of, s hijar) Capacious A c-i-Hazramawt or hasrunawt, (HEB. nipn) Name
(milk-bottles). Camels swollen from eating bitter plants. of a province, tribe, and city in Arabia Felix. (Gen. x. 26.)
. A 5-li- hazjirat, (Camels) scattered about their keeper. A Jri- hazramy, A native of Hazramawt in Yamam.

A ji- Hazr, Name of a star. IIizr, (111 of 23-) Ap A 5-i- hazariy, Belonging to a to; a townsman.
pearing against another; pleading against, or arraigning one A U43- huzaz, (pl. of U2-i- hazis) The lower parts of
(before a judge). Trying to outdo in number or in strength. any thing. Huzuz or husaz, The juice of boxthorn.
Selling fruits before they are ripe (which is forbidden by the law). A --- hig. A serpent. -

White camels. A strong swift she-camel. Huzzar, (pl. of
J- hazir) Those present. Spectators, auditors, assistants.
. .
A ji- higirat or hazrat (from 23-), Being present. Re
maining in a fortified town. Being on the brink of death.
Occupying, engaging the mind (care). Hurting.
. A e-i- hizan, One teat of a ewe being longer than another.
A &ti- haznat (or -i- hazanat) (from cri-), Fondling
in the bosom, embracing
g, caressing. Educating, bringing up.
Averting. Claiming for one's self. Hindering from business.
A \,\i-hazy, (pl. of 3.3- haziyat) Favourite wives.
A ji- haz-ir, (pl. of 3-i- hazirat) Small bodies of men
making excursions against the enemy.
A C-i- higb, The twanging sound made by a bow-string.
A male serpent. Hazab, (equivalent to --a-hasab) Fuel.
A g- haj (from 2-), Kindling (a fire). Dipping (into
water). Pusillanimous. Ignoble, vile. Hisj, Water left by
camels in a trough.
A, s- hijar and higajr, A large capacious milk-bottle or
churn. Large-bellied.
A 5, s- hazjarat (from As- Q), Filling.
A 4-i- huzad or huzud, The juice of the boxthorn.
*Ari- hazara, (fut. xis: yahzuru) He was present.
A ri- hazr (from ri-), Running. Leaping. An inhabited
place. A fixed habitation. The front, the area. Huzr (from
ri-), Running. Preparing. A race, a course. Hazar, Town
residence, a settled abode. Presence. Ai- Js' ahlu'l hazar,
Townsfolk. PU ri-je dar hazarash, In his presence. Hazir,
One who does not travel. The inhabitant of a settled residence.
A rd- hazart, (pl. of 3,3-hazrat) Presences. Majesties.
A. &ri- hazrabat (from ~~i=-Q), Bending much (a bow). of a mountain. Abyss. Low ground. (In astronomy) the
Twisting tight (a rope). Cramming full.
A 3ri- hazrat, Presence. Dignity. Majesty. Dominion, Jj J has?--i kaar-i zamin, The centre of the earth.
power. An epithet often joined with the names of the Deity;
also a title by which kings and great men are addressed, similar
to majesty, highness, lordship, &c. &J) c-r-i-hazratu'llah,
The Lord God. Usr e-ri- hazrat tisa', The Lord Jesus.
r ri- hazrat maryam, The Virgin Mary. P -ri ing down. Staying on a journey. Resting. Leaving to him
A J-i- hasal (from J-i-), Being rotten at the place where
the branches shoot (a palm-tree).
A cri- hazn (from cri-), Fondling in the arms. Sitting
(on eggs). Turning (one away from any thing) and claiming
(it) for one's self. Keeping back (from business). Hizn, A
side. The breast, the body from the arm-pits to the short ribs.
A tract of country. The den of a hyena. Hazan, Ivory. An
egg on which a bird sits. Name of a mountain in Arabia.
A 3.3- hazanat, See &\i- haznat.
A 3-i-hazw (from 3-3-), Stirring (the fire).
AJ-i- huzir (from ri-), Being present. Being at hand,
approaching (death). Occupying the mind (care). Hurting.
Inhabiting (a place). Being in good case. Presence, ap
pearance. Attendance. Court, government. Rest, quiet, re
pose, ease, pleasure. Persons present, P \, 2.5-i- huzr-i bal,
The exalted presence.
| mr- Bei
A --J J-i- huzr-talab, Being called to the presence,
summoning attendance. (HUNTER.)
FJ-2 5 2-i- husur-navis, A secretary who resides at court
and keeps copies of all firmns, orders, and letters.
A xi- husiari, An attendant. The privilege of paying
the revenues immediately to government.
A c-i- hacun, A sheep with one teat longer than another.
A -i- hussly, A stone at the foot of a hill.
A -i- has yat, A beloved wife. A favourite concubine.
A 5-i- hazarat, A small body of soldiers from four to nine
(employed in excursions). The pus of a wound. Water and
matter which accompany the birth.
A Ji-i- haz72, The lower extremity of any thing. The foot
lower apsis in an eccentric orbit, opposed to z: atj). P. Lzi
A U-i- hassa' (from Ji-hazza), Exciting, instigating.
Ali- hat, (from a-hatta), Unsaddling (a horse or a camel).
Unstringing (a bow). Descending (into a hollow). Being ac
Throw
customed to the rein, following his leader (a camel).
4 SD 2
 \a-
self. The declivity of a mountain. P J a-hatt kardan, To
throw down, depress, or precipitate. To beat down a price.
A -la- hit-a, The remains of water.
A =\la-hat-a (from "a-) Moving, shaking. Striking (es
pecially on the back with the open hand). Throwing prostrate.
Breaking wind. Ravishing a woman. Easing nature. Cast
ing up scum (a boiling pot). A large louse.
A -la- hitb, Loppings. Hattb, A seller of wood.
A &\la-hattbat, Wood-men, fellers of wood.
A \,\la- hatt, Pimples or pustules on the face and other parts.
The froth of milk. Hitt (from a-hatta), Growing used to
the bridle (a camel).
A cua- hutam, Anything dry, brittle, and easy to be broken.
IIutiim (or & Wa-hutamat), Anything small, minute.
A la:Wa- huti-it, A little man, a dwarf.
A -a- hatb (from -la-), Collecting wood. Fetching
wood for another. A great and important affair. Hatab, Fire
wood. Hatib, Very lean, thin, and lank (like a stick).
A la-hattat (from a-hatta), Letting down, laying, or put
ting down. Hittat, Remission of sins or taxes. (According to
others a\!\!\ ^\ } la ilah illa'llah, There is no god but God).
AA- hatr (from Aa-),Wedding (a maid). Stringing (a bow).
a &Aa- hatrabat, Perplexity, narrowness, straits.
A Ja- hitl, A wolf.
A hatm (from cla-), Breaking.
Being broken (through
age). Hatim, (A horse) broken down (with age). Hutam,
Untamed, savage (beast). Alkali.
A &Ala- hatmat, Old age. Barrenness. The force of flowing
water. IIutamat, Intense fire. The first of the seven hells.
Cruel, savage, untamed. A troop of robust camels.
A 3, a- hatmarat (from Pla- Q), Filling. Stringing (a bow).
A laala- hitmit, Small, weak, puny.
A e-la- hatami, A kind of herb, with which the Muhamma
dans when on pilgrimage are forbidden to rub their beards.
A 3|a- hatw (from 5a-), Moving, agitating. Throwing,
driving with the palm of the hand. Breaking wind. Coition.
A syla- haticat (for $3.3 khatwat), A step..
Akla- hatt, Sloping. Depressed. Swift (camel).
A Ja- huta, Monday (with the old Arabians).
A --~~ hatib, Woody (place).
A &\a-hutay-at, Short; a dwarf. Despised. Big-bellied.
A &la-la-hatitat, What is abated in a price.
A c- hatim, Dry, broken, or trodden under foot. The wall
surrounding the temple at Mecca.
A J- hat?-a, (A man) of the baser sort.
Ala- hazz (from a-hazza), Being blessed with prosperity,
enjoying abundance. Good fortune, happiness. Pleasure, de
light. Flavour, taste. Happy, fortunate. Ill-fortune. (Timur).
J a-hazz-i ni, The fading pleasures (of the world). A
4-9 hazz-i nafsaniy, Sensual pleasures.
572 - Q-8-
A Wa- his-a, (pl. of $54- hazwat) Short pointless arrows,
A_\-hizr (or 3/4- hazrat), A shed for camels.
A J- hazzal, Attentive to domestic economy.
A Ja- hazla', (pl. of Ja-) (Camels) eating colocynths.
r Wa- huzam, A convivial meeting.
A \,\a- hazy, (pl. of a-haziyat) (Women) possessed of
influence and dignity. The concubines of married men.
Ajua- haz-ir, (pl. of 5, a-haziral) Folds for camels con
structed of branches to shelter them from the cold and wind.
A &la=-hizat (fromja-), Being in high favour (with the sove
reign, or a wife with her husband). Felicity. Dignity.
AA- hazr (from A-), Prohibiting, secluding.
A &A- hazrabat (from -A- Q), Stringing (a bow) very
tight. Filling, distending (a leathern bottle).
A ala- huzaz and huzuz, The juice of the boxthorn.
*A Jae-hazala, (fut. J-- yahzulu) He kept back.
A Ja- hazl (c- hisln or hazaln) (from J-), Re
straining, hindering in the use of liberty, in moving or walking.
Hazal (from Ja-), Feeding plenteously on bitter gourds (a
camel). Being decayed where the branches spring. Limping
and changing her colour (a ewe with a diseased udder). Hasil
(JW4- haszl and Jia- hazl), Attentive to business; desiring
from domestics an account of what provisions are delivered out
to them. (A camel) eating the colocynth.
A c-hizln, Parsimony. Hazaln (from J-), Check
ing his steps (a man in a passion). The gait of an angry man.
A &la- hazlabat, Swiftness, speed.
A 24-hazio (from 33-), Walking slowly, leisurely.
A <!-- hazawt, (pl. of 3,4- hazwat) Short arrows.
Ae);4- hazwn, (pl. of $53- hazwat) Shoots, suckers.
A --> - huzub (from C-4-), Becoming fat.
A 3x3- hazwat or huzwat, A small arrow without a point,
used by boys. Hazwat, A shoot or sucker. Hizwat or husical
(from 54-), Obtaining rank and esteem. Acquiring influence,
prevailing with. Happiness. Dignity.
Akla- huzuz, (pl. of 3- hazz) Good fortunes, portions.
A. Ja- haza', A large louse. Hazy, Fortunate. Happy.
Comfortable. The eighth horse that enters the lists at a race.
A&a= haziyat, (fem.) Fortunate. Invested with digni
comfortable. A married man's concubine. Huzayyat, (dim. of
3,4- hazwat) A small arrow without a point.
Ajla- hacir (also Sla- hazirat), A sheep-fold or stable,
A hovel constructed of boughs to protect camels from the cold.
A parapet. 5As & nakidu'l hazirat, A covetous, worthless
II13 Il. J-Ai" S-haziratu'l kuds, The chief place in paradi
A i- ha (from -i- haa) Going, turning or carrying
round, surrounding. Cutting or dressing the beard and mus
taches. Serving, giving attendance. Being awhile neglected,
unoiled, uncombed, and entangled (a woman's head). Making
 _*- 573 c
#s smooth (the face) by pulling out the hairs. Shaving. Rubbing. ther's way, to injure him. Hir, Name of an herb. Hafar,
Covering with a garment. Falling in love. Eagerly desiring. A ditch. Any place hollowed out. (from ,i-) Being hollow
I, Urging one (necessary business). Making a noise (the feet in (the teeth). Hufar, (pl. of 5,3- hurat) Ditches.
g walking); (a bird) when flying or chirping; (a beast of bur A 3,4- hurat, A ditch, pit. A grave. 5* <- las
then) when travelling ; (a serpent) when creeping or hissing; akhtat istuhul hurat, He missed the mark.
the belly; the rustling of trees, and the like. A weaver's in A 2,3- harad, A pearl-bead, or other gem. Name of a plant.
strument. The bow of a saddle. P J- hafraki, Grim, ugly, deformed.
A lie- ha (from Ji-), Being barefoot. Having a worn
hoof (a horse), or sore feet from walking (a man).
Aji- Haft (from ji-), Pushing, shoving forward, driving
up behind. Repelling. Following. Piercing (with a spear).
*A*- hafa-a, (fut. t: yahfa-u) He threw prostrate.
Hafizz, Guilty of excess, committing enormities.
A s-haf-a, The Egyptian papyrus. The root of the pa
A U-- has (from U-5-), Eating, devouring.
pyrus fresh and esculent. Hi-a (from Ji-), Going barefoot. A U- hash (from U-5-), Flowing or running from all
(iii of L-) Disputing, contending. quarters. Going at full speed (a horse). Following one an
A s- hut, (pl. of J- hf) Barefoot. other (horses). Conveying water (a spout). Milking. Hish,
a c-huffs, A kind of hissing, harmless snake. A small house or closet. A little box. The case for a spindle.
A 2'- had, One who makes great haste. A La- hafs (from La-), Collecting, gathering. A leathern
A 8,32- harat, A kind of fish resembling a dart. sack with which they draw earth out of wells. A lion's whelp.
ng. A c- husat, A collection. A 3.25- Hafsat, Name of one of the wives of Muhammad. ...)
nt f Agu- hufzij, Fleshy. Swag-bellied. &as- unim-i hasat, A hen.
'-
A \tiahifz (from ak-), Preserving. Keeping in custody. A -a- Hasiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
l, Fixing the eyes on, looking attentively at. Being bashful, mo A La- ha: (from U45-), Twisting, bending. Throwing
dest. Disdaining. IIuffaz, (pl. of -hfiz) Commanders of
away. Haas, Household furniture; or a camel carrying it.
garrisons, protectors. Rememberers. Learned in the Kur'an.
A *- hifazat, Custody, care. Memory. (GLADw1N.)
Agi- hif:{j (is- hitaj also *- hufazij), Fleshy.

A hiff (from -- haa), Making smooth (the face) Flagging-bellied, loose and pendulous.
by plucking out the hairs (a woman). The side (of any thing).
A s-is- ha:ajat (from zi-
Q), Growing fat.
A curling lock. Hair in general. A troop. *A*- haftsa, (fut. a-- yalifazu) He preserved.
A l- hulat, Worthless (man or thing). A as hi:
if: (from as-),2 Preserving,
g: guarding.
g Committing
s S->

A J-haffn, (A vessel) filled to the brim. A young ostrich to memory. Custody. Memory. r, A- hi.-i martib,
or camel. A household, domestics. Observance of etiquette, attention to the rank of persons ad
A - hafiiwat and hiwat (from U.-), Wishing well to, dressed. J-) & cr Wake-hi-an
min aydi 'n 'ns, For the
favouring. Enquiring minutely into another's condition. Urg sake of guarding (him) from the hands of men.
ing, asking with importunity. Great veneration. A 3-- hi:at, Zeal (especially in defence). Anger, warmth.
A &\se- hafayat also hifayat (from us-), Being barefoot. Hafazat, Guards, garrisons, keepers. Observers, inspectors,
Having a worn hoof (a horse), or a sore foot (a man). watchmen. Angels (as inspecting the actions of men).
A - hafi-ir, (pl. of 3,3'- hafirat) Graves. Ditches. A Q-- hafuf, Poverty, penury. A margin, the brink, and
A & haat, A weaver's beam. edge. A trace or vestige.
A Q-K- haft (from c--), Destroying. Pounding. A J- ha! (from Ji-), Being assembled (people). Pour
Puj c--hat shudan, To be dried. (CASTELLUs.)
ing forth rain (the sky). Polishing, making bright. Turning
A -- hafts (hifs or &- hafisat), The rough tripe.
the mind to. Shedding tears copiously (the eye). An assem
A *- had (and eAx~ hafadn) (from Ake-), Making haste bly, a council, a congregation. Studious, diligent.
(a servant). Going fast (an ostrich or a camel).
A e- hafadat, (pl. of 23-hfid) Counpanions; attendants, A &-hatat, All, the whole of. Study, diligence. Huflat
servants. Nephews. Family, progeny.
(from J-), Being assembled (people). A synod, a council, a
A U-les- hafadlas, Melancholy, gloominess. general assembly. Hafalat, Studious, diligent (in business).
A 2- hafallaj, Bow-legged.
Aji- hafr (from Ji-), Digging (a well). Hollowing out.
Engraving a stone. Descending in digging. Becoming hollow a c- halak or hafallak, nervated, foolish.
and decayed (a tooth, the enamel having been worn away). A c-hafn (from e-), Taking up with both hands (meal.
Making lean. Rottenness of the teeth or gums. ? 2. A or sand). &- &A c- hafana lahu hafnatan, He gave him
J J->\ har-i bi-ri ikhtil kardan, To dig a Pit in ano- a little, a handful. Hufan, (pl. of & humat) Ditches.
 G 574 \-

A 3.5-hafnat, The measure of both hands. A small quan
tity. A mouthful, a handful. Hufnat, A ditch, a pit, a well.
A g- haannaj, Short of stature.
A J- haanja', Languishing, numb, dull, stiff.
a 3-i- hafandad, Rich and careful.
A U.S.-hifnis, Impudent, obscene (woman).
A z-i-- hiingj, Fleshy. Enraged.
A 3-hafw (from 53-), Keeping back from all good.
A 35- hawat also hificat (from Ji-), Being barefoot.
Having a worn hoof (a horse).
A U23'-hufus, (pl. of La-hafs) Leathern sacks.
A 3,5- huuf (from -- haa), Being matted, entangled
(woman's hair neglected). (pl. of -- haft) Weaver's utensils.
A Ji- huful (from J-), Flowing together (people, milk,
water). Raining plentifully. Weeping profusely. Polishing.
Caring for, attending to. & ri) Ji- huulu: 'zira, Fullness
of teats; (metaphorically) Opulence.
skA J- haiya, (fut. Jyalia) He went barefoot.
A U- hafi, (A beast) worn in the hoof. (A man) beat in
the feet. One who inquires carefully into other people's affairs.
Benevolent, kind. Hafiy, Knowing, intelligent. Barefoot.
A &- hayat (from J-), Being barefoot. Having the
hoof worn very thin (a horse).
A \-hafayt-a, A short squat man.
A \-hafed, A grandson.
AJe-hafir (or r-), A sepulchre. A ditch, a well.
A V-t-hafays-a, Thick and fat. Short.
A s-hafiz, A guardian. A keeper. A governor. One
who has learned any thing by heart. A name of God.
A lack-hafizat, Zeal (especially in defence). Anger.
A --- haff (from -- haa), Making a noise (in the
belly) when travelling (a loaded horse); (a bird) flying; (a tree)
shaken by the wind; (a serpent) hissing. The sound itself.
A J-hail, Studious, diligent in business.
A G-hakk (from c-hakka), Accruing, happening unto.
Being necessary. Becoming, befitting. Overcoming at law.
Being sure of, knowing of a truth. Acting justly, uprightly.
Discharging an obligation. *\- 93- c--hakaktu has
rahu hakkan, I did unto him that which he was avoiding.
A C- hakk (P hak), God. An attribute of God.
Justice, equity. A just claim, right, or due. Law. Reason.
debt, a claim, an obligation. A Ja J-hakku't tahsil. A
merited remuneration. A sixth of the actual collections made in
Bahr to the person in charge of them. G-; G- hakk-i
tarbiyat, Gratitude for education. w Je-hakk tatala',
God Almighty. J-> J- G- hakkjall wafall, The Deily
in all his splendour. J);-- 2C- hakk-ijiwar, The right of pre
emption. ** c-hakku' himyat, A present for protec
tion. --~~~ c-hakk-i khidmat, Reward of service, J
&\}~ hakk-i khiznah, A duty or fee of two per cent, claimed
by the inferior treasurer upon all monies paid into the royal
treasury. &le;) G- hakku'r' rityat, Duty of respect. P.G-
J hakk-i zadagz, Birthright. A J- J-hakku's' saty,
Wages for labour, recompense for trouble. **) G- hakku'l
kadam, The reward of a messenger. Any thing set before a
guest. 4.) G-hakku'llah, The rights of God; punishment in
flicted for religious offences. e-Vilv .G-hakk-i ml-zamin,
Interest, usury. U-9) c-hakku'n' nas, The rights of man;
punishment for crimes against society. cl G- hakku'n'
nasirin, Something left after a banquet for the servants or spec
tators. P + &J G-hakk-i namak, Fidelity. J). z-hakk-i
waris?, Right of heirship; reversion. A 5), c-hak-i wizrut,
The vazir's fees. Jes bi'l hakk, Of a truth. J-CAA bi
tarik-i hakk, In equity. For the love of God. G-A.c find
hakk, At the time of p c- \; n hakk, Unjust. J J-9
n hakk kardan, To err. A Hikk, A camel just entering into the
fourth year (when he is fit for labour). The age of a camel
when she may have colts. A she-camel who has lost her teeth
from age. Hukk, A hollow in the nape of the neck, or of a
bone. A hollow place in the ground. A hillock of a roundish
form. A spider's web. (pl. of - hukkat), Cups, bowls.
A "We hakkn, By God! Really, truly, principally.
A -- hakab, A girdle ornamented with jewels (worn by
the Arabian ladies). The white at the root of the nail. A white
string (tied round infants, to guard them from enchantments).
Hikb, (pl. of -i- hukb) Periods of 80 years. Progenies.
A ji-hakrat (from ji-), Being despicable. Wileness,
baseness. Scorn, contempt, affront, disgrace. re; r
hakarat kardan, To despise, to affront, to disgrace.
Truth. A s- hikf, (pl. of -si- hik) The habitations of the
people of Aad in Hazramawt. -

Rectitude. Steadiness, vigilance. The Kur'an. Muhamma A J- hikk, (111 of G- hakka) Litigating, contending
danism. A thing decreed. Riches, wealth, effects, possessions. for one's rights. Being hostile, opposed to. Enmity, hostility.
A lot, portion. An enemy. Death. The crown of the head. Small plants of the kind called *\ie tizh. (pl. of G- Hill)
Name of a bird which is said to suspend itself by the claws by Camels rising four years old. (pl. of G-hukk) Hollows in the
night and continually cry hak hak. Right, just, true. Neces nape of the neck; sockets in bones. (pl. of-hukkat) Bottles.
5
sary, expedient, fit, proper. Firm, constant. Existing, extant. Js" J3 natikul hikik, One who disputes concerning trifles.
r & al hakku murrun; Truth is bitter. P Ju-87 2G-- hakk-i Hakkak, A box or casket-maker. - ine. or

ashna-i,
The rights of friendship. J. J. Gr hakk bar sar, A A J- hikl, (III of J-) Selling corn before it be ripe,

Je-
in the ear. Receiving winnowed grain in payment. Letting
a field for cultivation for a third or fourth part of the produce.
A&MK- huklat, Water in the bowels.
&\s---s
A G-hakkny, True, pure, disinterested.
muhibbat- hakknyah (or simply c--hakknyat), The
love of God, perfect charity. -
A -j- hak-ib, (pl. of 3:5-hakibat) Portmanteaus.
A \;\;=- hak-id, (pl. of A- hikd) Hatreds, enmities.
A -j-hak-i, (pl. of -k- hik) Winding sand-hills. The foot of a mountain or wall.
A c- hak-ik, (pl. of G- hikk) Camels rising four years
old. (pl. of&#-hakikat) Truths. G- ls tulum-ihak-ik,
Theology.
A J-hak-il, (pl. of Ju-huklat and &i= hakilat)
Watery humours in the intestines.
A c-huk or hukub, A period of eighty years or upwards.
Space of time. Offspring. Hakab (from *-i-), Having his
sheath so squeezed by the hind girth as to be unable to stale (a
camel). Being barren from want of rain (a year). The back
girth of a camel's saddle.Hikab, A crowd. (pl. of 3.5- hik
bat) Years. Hukub, (pl. of ~\-hakb) Ornamented girdles.
A \-hakb (fem, of i- ahkab) The wild ass (because
white-flanked). al hakba, The milky way.
A 3.5- hikbat, A year, a space of time. A period of eighty
years. Progeny. Hakibat, A cloak-bag, a portmanteau.
re: J-hakk-bin, Having a regard to justice.
r 2.3- hakk-parast, Devoted to truth; a worshipper of
God: (a name which the old Persians assumed to themselves).
P A- c-hakk-pasand, Approving truth; just.
A - hakkat, According to law. Truth. Sure; descend
ing, impending (judgment). Hikkat (from G- hakka), En
tering on her fourth year (a camel). A she-camel rising four
years old; also one not bringing forth at the end of the year.
The age of a camel fit for breeding. Right. True. Hukkat
(from G- hakka), Being necessary. Happening indubitably.
A round box, a vase, a cup, a bowl. Hukkat or hakkat, A mis
fortune. A woman.
P}-C- hakk-j, Seeking truth.
A Jsi- hak-hk, A difficult nocturnal journey.
A&s hak-hakat (from c; s- Q), Travelling well and fast.
Travelling in the early part of the night. Riding one's camel
to death. Difficult and dangerous travelling during the night.
A 35-hikd or hakad (from AK-), Wishing ill, hating. Hikd,
Hatred, rancour. As- e-by' arbb-i hikd, The malevolent.
Pyls- hakk-dr, Rightful owner, proprietor.
Aji- hukr, Contempt, slight, scorn.
J---- hakk-shinas, Knowing and performing one's duty.
P
Rendering to every one his due. Grateful.
r---hakk-shinsi, Gratitude.
A kai-haksin, Nimbly, quickly.
-*
57 5 &-
Ala- hakat, Agility of body.
A Jlai-haktabn, The male woodcock or snipe.
A lai-haktabat, The voice of the above bird.
A & Ma- haktat, Short and light-bodied (woman).
r}}J- hakk-tiraz, Observing truth.
A -i- hik (from -iji-), Lying down upon sand with the
head and feet drawn together (an animal). Being crooked.
Sand heaped up in long waving hills; also round tumuli of sand.
A G- hakak (from G- hakka), Placing his hind foot in the
track made by the fore foot (a quadruped). Hakik, Certain, sure
of Hikak also hukuk, (pl. of G- hikk) Camels rising four
years old. Hukak, (pl. of &- hukkat) Caskets, boxes. Huk
kak, Sound discourse. Cloths of a firm texture.
*A*J- hakk-guzr, Administering justice, upright.
P enj- hakk-guzin, Approving justice.
P J- hakk-gy, Speaking truth. The essence of a thing.
Name of a bird that hangs by a tree and vociferates all night.
A J-hakl (from Ji-), Putting forth the blade (corn).
(Cattle) swallowing earth along with grass, and being thereby
griped. Walking with the hands in the sides (an old man).
(Corn) in the blade. Land without houses or trees. (pl. of
l-haklat) Good lands. Pains in the belly caused by earth
swallowed with the grass.
A &- haklat (from Ji-), (Cattle) swallowing earth with
the grass, and being thereby griped. Walking with the hands
on the sides (an old man). The gripes in cattle. Rich land.
a Mi-haklad or hakallad, Avaricious, stingy.
A aft-hakm or hakam, A sort of pigeon or other bird.
A c-hakn (from c-), Putting milk in a bottle in order
to make butter. Keeping (any thing) awhile (in a vessel).
Keeping blood or urine from being spilled. Giving a clyster.
Hukan, (pl. of 3.5- huknat) Clysters.
p J-9 c-hakk n hakk, Right or wrong.
A 3.5-haknat, The cholic. Huknat, A clyster.
A 35-hakw, The notched end of an arrow. Breeches. The
waistband.The loins. The waist. Hikie, The cloth wrapped
round the middle in the bath.
A 855- hakwat, The belly-ache.
A ex~ hakud, Malevolent. Hukud, (pl. of A- hikd) Hates.
P_35-hakur, Just, true. (Castellus.)
A 3/55- hukurat, The fourth heaven.
A -hukuf, (pl. of -- hikf) Winding sands.
A Uji- hukuk, (pl. of c- hakk) Rights, dues. Duties.
Laws, statutes. (pl. of tie-hukkat) Cups, bowls, 4-6) Ji
hukk-i ilahiyah, The divine laws. &\- Ji- hukuk-i sbi
kah, Old debts, former obligations.
A Ji-hukl, (pl. of Ji-hakl) Open uncultivated fields.
P & hukkah, A round box for holding jewels or drugs. The
 \@- 576 *
bottle through which the fumes pass when smoking tobacco. magistrates. *}=- ''{- hukkm-i zawi'l ihtiram,
J hukka-i tish, A kind of rocket used in war. j, J. Most worshipful magistrates.
hukka-i bi maghz, A brainless, senseless, heartless man. &- A\,\{-haky, (pl. of &\- hikyat) Stories, narratives.
j- hukka-i sabz, The firmament. U.S & hukka-i kwus, A&\{-hikyat (from -), Telling, relating. Being like
Name of a note in music. (*** s- hukkaha-i mind-fam, unto, resembling. History, heroic romance, fable, tradition, a
The celestial orbs. relation, narrative. J Ju- ~~!@-hikyat-ihlimii,
rj &-hukkah-bz, A player at cups and balls, a juggler. A relation of things past. The imperfect tense. re <--
rj &-hukkah-bardr, The man who prepares the hukkah. hikyat kardan, To relate, to narrate.
99. &- hukkah-pardazah, A sky-rocket.
P
A & hikkat, The itch, the scab. --> <- rfici
r- hukkah-gar, A turner of cups and balls. hikkat o jarab, Antiscorbutic. -

A Ji-hukiy, (pl. of ji-hakw) The notched ends of arrows. *A*-hakada, (fut. x~ yahkidu) (It) returned (to its ori.
A *-i- hakibat, A cloak-bag, portmanteau. Profound learning. ginal state).
A 3.5- hakkiyat, Reality, right. (GLADw1N.) AA- hukar, (pl. of 5K-hukrat) Things laid up against want.

A Jke-hakir, Base, contemptible. Thin, lean. Jzi A 3,9- hukrat, Whatever is hid or laid up against a scarcity,
hakiru'sh'sham-il, Of base qualities. Llr- hakirul mik A L-haksh, A collection. A contraction. Je L
dr, Of little value. P cle y-hakir dashtan, To despise. hakish takish, A wrestler, one who twists and exerts himself to
A & J- hukayriyat, Contempt, scorn. get the better of his adversary.
A G-hakk, Worthy, deserving of &i= <-- banatu'l A +&-hakak, A soft white stone.
hukayk, A date. AJK- hukl, (Anything) giving no sound (as an ant).
A&i-hakikat, Truth, sincerity, reality. A thing notorious. A&- huklat, (from JK-) Being obscure and doubtful
The real state, circumstance, or statement of a thing. Any thing (speech). Being dumb, tongue-tied.
which must be defended (as a standard). A speech without A. hakama, (fut. : yahkumu) He exercised authority,
A K- hakm (from
tropes and figures. Advice, counsel. News. *-, -ir ), Bridling, or putting a curb on (a
hakkat-i jamt, A general statement of the public revenues. horse). Restraining (a fool). Hakam, A prince, a nobleman.
& fit hakikai, In truth. A judge. A governor, a commandant. An umpire, a mediator,
an arbitrator. Hikam, (pl. of 3.3- hikmat) Knowledge,
A "&die-hakikatan, Truly, certainly.
P L--: c-h-hakikat-shins, Wise, intelligent. sciences. Prophecies. P K- 2. - kalm-i pur-hikam, Words
A J-hakikiy, (Phakk) True, unfeigned, real. Accu full of wisdom or mystery. A Hukm (from ), Exercising au
rate." Radical, essential. r us:- J Ones own brother. thority. Passing sentence (a judge), whether to absolve or to
A & ft-hakilat, A watery humour in the bowels. condemn. Command, absolute power, dominion. An order,
A c-hakin, Milk poured into oxyagal. Oxyagal. judgment, sentence, decree. Wisdom, knowledge. Solid judg
a c-hak, A handle. Scraping. Removing. (Burias.) ment. The gift of prophecy. J *~ hukm-i biyz, A
*A c-hakka, (fut, t yahukku) He scratched, rubbed. royal mandate issued with secrecy and despatch. -- *>
a c- hakk, (from t- hakka) Scratching, rubbing. Hukm- hukumat, Sovereign authority, absolute dominion. *>
Scraping, erasing. Digging. Boring, piercing. Palpitating *} hukm-i sirat, A mode of life. & J z- hukm-i shart,
(the heart). Q.5)&e 3 K-V. mi hakka fi sadri, It did not A judicial decree. Any decision according to law. V; *-
occur to my mind. It gave me no pleasure. 3.24) 3 &J <<- hukin-i kaza, The decree of fate. 4.) al hukmu Pillah
hakka lahu fid dabarat, He scratched his back; he coaxed him. God is the judge, heaven must determine. re - hukm
*A*- haka-a, (fut. "G-cyahka-u) He tied (a knot). kardan, To judge, decide, sentence, decree, determine, order,
A \{-hik-a, (III of J-) Relating, telling. Imitating, command, rule over, regulate. ...Qba hukm-i, In conformity to:
resembling, taking after. -- A e hukami, (pl. of <-- hakim) Wise men, philosophers.
A c- hikd, (111 of <-) Leaning upon, being supported. Doctors, physicians. J s- The physicians of the age.
Following one's leader. Being baptized. rj"A" c- hukm-andis, Obedient to orders, hitting the mark
A c-hikk, (iii of ~ hakka) Resisting. Hakkk, (an arrow or bullet).
P 292 &= hukm-bardr, Executing commands. Obedient.
A jeweller. A polisher of precious stones. A borer of pearls.
A & hukkat, Whatever falls off in polishing, filing, rasp A *@- hikmat (from ), Knowing. Being skilled in law
ing, sawing, planing, shaving, or the like. or physic. Wisdom, science, knowledge. Art, skill. r
A 2'-hikm, (111 of ) Citing before a judge. Hukkm, Mystery, secret. An oracle. A miracle. A cause. <---
(pl. of *- hkim) Princes, lords, nobles, governors, judges, i tilm-i hikmat, Philosophy, physic, medicine. J ,-->
 U 577 \-
hikmat-i ilahy (or a!!! --~~~ hikmatu'llah), Divine mystery. and going in unto her. Striking (with a sword or a scourge).
By the permission of God. (This is also expressed by P --~~~ Giving. The dressing of a hide.
"As hikmat-i khuda and a jy ,--~~ hikmat-i rabbnzy). *A t-hala-a, (fut. *: 9ahla-u) He brayed the collyrium.
&\, .<-- hikmat-i bilighah, Mature wisdom. ,<- A t-hala-a (from U-), Being marred by the knife in dress
Jy hikmat-i riyzy, Mathematics. Je ,---- hikmat-i ing (a hide). Being covered with an eruption (the lips).
amally, Practical knowledge. J 2~ hikmat-f taby, A s- hil-a, (111 of 4-) Behaving kindly to.
Natural reason or instinct (in contradistinction to intellectual or A s- hal-at, A place abounding with trees. Hula-at

spiritual wisdom). Hakamat, A bridle, a halter. An iron ring, (from u-), Braying a collyrium and anointing the eyes there
or other check-rein for a horse. The chin of a sheep. with. Pulling off (the skin) from a fleshy part (a currier). Any
Py <-- hikmat tar, More wise or prudent. thing pounded small, or pulled off by flaying.
A e-- hikmaty, Clever. A -- hitb, (III of --) Milking together (along with
P 39 * hukm-rn, Sway, dominion, authority. another). Assisting. Hillb, Name of a horse.
A ** K- hukm-kidam, A divine decree. A L-- hulabas, A nobleman. A lion. Halabas or hulabis,
P J *- hukm-kash, Obedient to orders. A brave man. Addicted, given to.
A z- hallaj, A dresser of cotton.
p 4.9 - hukm-nmah, A written order.
A. ur- hukmi, Obedient to directions (applied to medecine). A 3-)- haljat, The art of dressing cotton.
A -- hukuf, Languor in work. P J J-- halji kardan, To abuse, to revile.
A << hukk, (pl. of t-) Erasures (of books or deeds). A J-)-halhal or J- halhal, A sort of wild onion. Hula
tl A&- hukumat, Dominion, sovereignty, absolute power. hil, A prince, a chief of a tribe.
r Jurisdiction. A principality. The sentence of a judge. A 3)-hilaf, (111 of -il-) Entering into an agreement and
P e), <> hukumat-rn, The reigning power. confirming it by an oath. Halli , One who swears much.

P s- hukumat-gh, The seat of government, the metro A c- halak or hulak, A sore throat. Halaki, Death. Hi

t: polis or royal residence. A province, a principality. lak, Razure, shaving. Hallak, A barber.
:
-

4-3- hakki, An erasing-knife. A 3- hulkat, Any thing that falls when clipping or shaving,

A J-4- hakis, Heedlessly, rashly thrown away. especially goat's hair. -

A J- halal (from J- halla), Being legal, legitimate. Ful

A --hakik, Smooth, polished (die). Games at dice or
tables. The paring of a nail. filling the term of a Nazarite's vow. Laying aside mourning
A *- hakim, Learned, wise, prudent, judicious. A doctor, for the death of her husband, at the expiration of 110 days
a philosopher. A physician. Firmly joined (chain). Ja r (during which time she is not by law allowed to marry) (a
hakim-i mutlak, Omniscient. woman). Being discharged (a debt). Discharging (a debt).
A. J- hakimi, The practice of medicine. A lawful thing. Any thing indifferent (in religion). A lawful
*AJ- halla, (fut. J-- yahullu) He unloosed (the knot). husband or wife. Mastic. Js \! bill hall, Legitimately.
A J-hal, A word of command to she-camels (as -j- hawb Pej J-hall shudan, To be legal, legitimate. J J
is to the males). Hall (from J- halla), Untying (a knot). halal kardan, To make pure or lawful. To slaughter cattle.
Descending, alighting on a journey, resting, staying, remaining To give. To marry. ! halalam, My lawful (wife or hus
with. Pitching a camp. Remaining quiet (after performing band). A Hilal, (111 of J-halla) Lighting and resting in a
pilgrimage). Diluting, dissolving, discussing. Crushing, bruis place. Those who alight, and stay. Coverings for a camel's
ing. Lighting, falling on (as anger). Being deserved, proper saddle. Hallal, A looser, solver, dissolver. 2 c-c - 3\.3
to be inflicted (punishment). Laying aside a Nazarite's vow. ~}<x< ,J\-kashshf-i mushkilt wa haltl-i mutzilt, The
Putting off her weeds (a widow). Solution. Oil of sesame. J resolver of doubts and difficulties.

**ic hall-i tukdah, The untying of a knot, lay : J-hall wa PJ 5- J- halal-khor, An epithet applied to the lowest and
rabt, Loosing and tying. P Je * s's J- s gh hall gah vilest classes of the people, particularly such as are employed in
shadd kardan, To tie and unloose, unloose and tie. A Hill (from the meanest offices, the removing of carrion and the like; so
J- halla), Being lawful. Laying aside a Nazarite's vow. A called because every thing is lawful food to them.
lawful thing. J. Je-hill bill, Property lawfully gotten. Free P X- J- halal-khri, The business of a sweeper.
from labour. One who alights and stays. Take and welcome. Psej J- halal-zdah, A legitimate son.
A Ja- hal-a (from W-), Pounding, braying, mixing a col * t J-hall-namak, Faithful, true, good.
lyrium, and anointing the eyes. Pulling off the skin from a A 's- halalah, A woman married again with her first di
fleshy part (a currier). Throwing prostrate. Marrying a wife worcer, after she had been divorced from her second husband.
4 E
 *)- 578 J
J- halli, Fresh. Legitimate. Lawfulness. Freedom.
P A c-- halt (from e-A-), Shaving (the head). Sorting
e-8 Je: ba hall ddan, To give in marriage. (wool). Paying (a debt). Giving. Whipping.
P c- halam, A lamb. A --- hiltit, Assafoetida.
A --*\- halsab, A miser. A proper name.
A c- hullm, Cattle of the smallest kind. A kid taken from
the mother's womb.
A 2-
halj (from *),
Carding wool or cotton. Travelling
during the night. Rolling paste in an orbicular form. Proceed
A 3] hallmat, A sort of fish. The tike (an insect).
P c- hulan, A lamb newly dropt. ing step by step. Running with extended wings (a cock).
A e)- halln, Paying. Hulln, A kid taken from the belly A s- haljat, An interval, distance.
of its dam. Small cattle. An animal fit to be offered in sacri Aj- haljaz, Covetous, a miser.
fice. The Lybian lizard. A kid which, with its ear slit, and A - haljamat, (from c- Q), Twisting.
consecrated by certain words, was wont to be eaten by the Pagan
A 1,4- halhalat (from J- Q), Moving (men) from their
Arabs, although it died of itself.
A s-halwat (from 3-), Being sweet. Pleasing. Sweet place. Unloosing.
ness. PUck. <2\- halawat-bakhsh, Sweetening, giving sweet
P'- hal-dari, A collection for marriage licences; licences,
ness. A Hulwat, The middle of the hind-head. Aj4- halz (from 34-), Stripping bark off (a tree). Taking
A - hulawa', Middle of the hind-head. A certain plant. the hair off (a skin). Hilliz, Short. Covetous.
A ey- halazun, A snail. A sea-shell. A horn-beetle.
A -- hala-ib, (pl. of - halub), Animals which are
A U-4- halis, A strong brave man. Covetous. IIils or hilat,
milked. (pl. of 3.1- halbat) Race-horses brought from dif
ferent stables. Dorsers put under saddles to save the camels' backs. v-
umm-i hils, A she-ass. & v- hilsu baytihi, One who does
A J-hal-il, (pl. of &l= halilat) Wives. not move from his house.
>k A 4 halaba, (fut. yahlulu or yahlibu) He milked.
A 3-1-hilsat, (pl. of J- hils) Camels' saddle-cloths.
A --- halb or hulb (from 4-), Squatting on the hams. A -- hilsam, An avaricious man.
Flocking together. Halab, A milking. New milk. Aleppo in Ala- halt (from A-), Swearing. Contending obstinately,
Syria. A jux!" -- halahul andkid, Wine. Hilab, A milk Being angry. Being quick, hasty (in any business).
ing. A milk-pail. Hulub, (pl. of ~~ halb) Animals which
A il- half and half (from -ij-), Swearing. Hil. A
are milked. Hullab, A milky plant of which hinds are fond.
compact, confederacy. Faith in keeping agreements. A re
a &LA-halbbat, (halababators-halabt), A milk-camel. ligious observer of compacts. Confederates of a certain tribe.
A &l- halbat, Horses assembled for running races. A race A Q- hala (or -ij- halaf), Name of a water-plant. Ilu
course. Hulbat, Fenugreek. Gross darkness. IIalabat, (pl. of laf, (pl. of -3.3A half) Associates, confederates, friends.
J-hlib) Milkers. Hulubat, Food made of dates and fenu
A v- hilafs, A fleshy six-year old camel.
greek, given to women in labour. Hallabat, Lactarian herbs,
of which goats are fond. A G- hulfuk, Any place for resting against.
A s-hilbid, A dwarf camel. A c- halk (from G-), Shaving (the head). Shearing (a
goat). Hurting one in the throat. The wind-pipe, the throat.
A $24- hulabidat, A large sheep.
Hilk, The royal signet. Much wealth. Halak (from J.-).
A v- halbas, A nobleman. A gallant brave man. A lion.
Going round, surrounding. Twisting hard (a rope). Having
Addicted, affixed.
A 3-)- halbasat (from U- Q), Going away. an excoriated penis (a horse or an ass). Coition. Halak, h
lik, or hilak, (pl. of &l= halkat) Rings. Circles. Hulak, (pl.
A 12.2- hulabitat, A hundred or more camels. One, or two of c-hlik) Udders teeming with milk.
hundred sheep. A --halakt, (pl. of &l= halkat) Rings.
r ) - haliblb or hiliblab, Ivy. A. c- hulkn, Dates half-ripe.
A -:4- hulbab, Very black (hair). IIalabub, (Ex~ hala
A&M halkat (or al- halkah), A ring, a hoop, a circle. A
but or J- halba'), A milch-camel. bracelet; the ring or knocker of a door; the link of a coat of
A J.- halabiy, Native of Aleppo. Ilullaby, A leathern mail. A kind of fireworks. An assembly, a circle of friends.
bottle seasoned with the plant &A= hallahat. P e as- halka-i ab-gun, The sky. JejJJ &l-halkah
A c- halbib, A species of hermodactyls. bar darzadan, (Jej e-A &-halkah bar sindan s or
A i- hillat (from J- halla) Coming to the place of sacri ej &- halkah zadan), To knock at the door. Ls &-
fice (a victim). A loose upper garment. A girdle. A compa halkah ba gosh (also Je &\- halkah dargsh), Having a
Hullat, A cloak. (for & khullat), Friendship. ring in the ear (which formerly distinguished a slave). A ser
my of persons.
 J
--

vant, a slave. fle -halka-i dm, A horse-hair snare.

*l
& c-chalka-i dast-band, The horizon. The earth. 45
- halka-i sufrah, Rings sewed
round a leathern table-cover.
c- *l-halka-i simin, The full moon. J &l- halkah
l
kardan, To bend, curve, form into a ring, loop, or link.
t hs
L halka-i nsh, The lip. The mouth. A Halakat, The
(i. link of a coat of mail. (pl. of Gill-hlik), Shavers.
s halkachi, A kind of sweetmeat.
a vil- hilkid, Of a bad disposition. Halakkad, Avaricious.
Weak. Enmity. A crime.
A v- hulkus, A fence of boards or poles.
A 3.5-halkamat (from il- Q), Cutting (another's) throat.
A 3.5-halkanat (from eji= Q), Being half-ripe (dates).
A il- hulkum, The throat, the gullet, the windpipe.
a &-halkah. See &l-..
p J <!- halkah ba goshi, Servitude, slavery.
F c- &l- halkah-chin, A kind of sweetmeat.
A -- halkiy, Guttural.
A 14- halk, halak or halik, Blackness. Obscurity.
**-halk (or 4-hulakat), A kind of lizard.
p -- halkri, Gilding. (HUNTER.)
and receiving the marriage-portion of a daughter (due on the
death of her husband or in case of a divorce). A present to a
soothsayer. Name of a city in Irk.
A j- halwanzy, A confectioner.
P c l- halw-i pirinj, Fresh sweetmeats.
- halw-7,
P A confectioner.
A. -j- halub, One who milks. (An animal) milked.
P J- hulubi (or J-), Adulteration. Variegated.
A G-hulik, (pl. of c- halk) Throats, windpipes.
A <!- huluk (or &!-) (from c-), Being very black.
A J}- hulal (and &l- hululat) (from J- halla), Enter
ing. Descending, remaining, resting in any place. Lighting
upon (as anger). Arriving at the place of sacrifice (a victim).
Being discharged (a debt). Paying a fine. Any place where
one rests. Transmigration. P F 3'-- J}~ hulul-khana-i
sham, The house of rest of the west, i.e. sun-set, the west.
A - Haluliyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
A - hulum (from --), Being meek. Wisdom.
P '- huluni, Adulteration (of money). Variegated.
A -- halwa', Confectionery made of honey or sugar.
A <>''}- halwiyat or hulwiyat, Sweetmeats.

A J- haly (from J-), Being sweet. Decorating (herself)

A 4- halkam or hulkum, Black.
A & halkamat, Blackness. - with jewels and other ornaments. Pleasing to the mind or eye.
A ~$- halakuk or hulkk, (Anything) very black. Jewels, female ornaments. P --T * - haly-i ab, The rippling
A J-halal, Weakness in the hough or pastern. Hulal, (pl. of water. A Hila, (pl. of - hilyat or hulyat) The ornaments
of al- hullat) Striped Arabian garments. Habits of paradise. of a sword. External forms or descriptions of a man. Hally,
A
l- hilm, Understanding. Gravity. Puberty. Mildness, Grass hard, dry, and beginning to wither. Huy, (pl. of 4
clemency. P '- Us: b7 hilm, Merciless, severe. J-y by hilmi, haly) Women's ornaments.
Severity. A Hulm, A dream. Puberty. IIulm or hulum (from A -- halib, Sweet milk. Fresh blood. Date-wine.
A &l= hilyat or hulyat, An ornament (of a sword, especially
l-), Sleeping, slumbering. Nocturnal pollution. Halam (from on the hilt and sheath). The external form or description of a
!-), Being corroded, fretted by worms (a hide). Theinfests
tike.
man. A garment. Elegance of composition. Haliyat, A wo
A al- halamat, A single tike ; another worm which
man dressed in her ornaments. Hilliyat, Lawfulness.
*heep. The nipple. A herb smaller than lamb's tongue.
A rl- hilmiyat, Mildness, gentleness, patience. A --- hillit, Assafetida. Halyat, Name of a place in
A :- halve (from 3-), Being sweet, pleasant (to the eye, Yaman abounding in lions.
A -halij, Carded or dressed (cotton).
mind, or taste). Giving something by way of recompense above A &\l- halijat, Milk, in which dates have been dissolved.
the stipulated hire. Hulw, Sweet. Gain. Hallw, A stone
Butter sticking to the churn.
upon which they bray the paint or unguent for the eyes.
A i-half. A confederate, a partner, a conspirator. ,i."
A 5- halu-a (from W-), Pounding, braying, mixing a col
J-M3 halzf-i ilas, Poor. e-Q) i-halful lisan, Eloquent.
lyrium, and anointing the eyes. Pulling off the skin from a
fleshy part. A bit of skinned meat. A *-halifat, An oath. Name of a place.
A\}-halic, Any kind of sweet cake or paste made with A *- hulafah, Name of a medicinal seed. |

flour. Pe - halw-i by dud, An esteemed kind of con
fection. **) - halwa-i rishtah, A kind of vermicelli.
P t- halwj, Name of a bird which feeds on carrion.
A J- halwan (from :-), Being sweet, pleasing, agreea
ble. Giving something above the stipulated hire. A kid. A
lamb. Hulwn (from 3-), Making a free gift. Claiming,
A c- halik, Shaved (on the head or chin).
A J-halil, A husband, a wife. A companion, a partner.
A 3-4- halilat, A wife.
A **- halim, Mild, gentle, affable, humane, tractable. A
fat animal. A kind of food dressed in the Muharram.
*** - Halimat, Name of one of Muhammad's nurses.
Ax~ halmit, Garden-sorrel.
4 E 2
 \- 580
A *- ham, A husband or wife's father or brother. Hamm
(from - hamma), Making hot (water). Kindling, inflaming.
Exciting, encouraging. Tending towards, designing, purposing.
Determining, defining. Measuring. Melting the fat from a
sheep's tail. That which remains (of a sheep's tail) after the fat
of it has been melted away. Anxiety. Escape. *- &o V.
m l minhu hammun, I cannot avoid it. Humm, Escape. (pl.
of s-humm-a), Podices. (pl. of -- ahamm), Black things.
-- J" aalu humm, Name of certain chapters of the Kurn.
*A*- hamma, (fut. t yahummu) He heated the water.
A s- ham-a (from *~), Cleaning (a well). Ham-a (or
\ae ham), The father or brother of a husband or wife.
A \-ham, (pl. of a hama-a) Black particles of mud.
Ave. hama-a (or *- ham-a) (from *-), Being full of
black, stinking mud (a well). Being angry. Black, thin, fetid mud.
A s-ham-a (or su- ham-at), Thin, black, stinking par
ticles of mud. Him-a, (111 of Ja-) Prohibiting, command
ing to abstain. Assembling(people). Directing the mind to.
Abstaining through modesty and gravity. Prohibition, absti
nence. Privation. The sacrificing of one's self for another.
<< *- him-a laka, Health to you! IIumma-a, Podex.
A su-ham-at, Thin, fetid, black mud.
A s- hamt, A wife's or husband's mother. The calf of the
leg. Hamath in Syria. Humt, (pl. of '- ham7) Protectors.
A ze- hamtni, Two muscular nerves in a horse's leg.
A. -- hamhim, A kind of garden-mint.
A c- hamdi, (An interjection of applause) Bravo!
A csa- humaza, Intense heat.
a j- himr, A male ass. A millipede. A board upon which
swords are polished. Lw- himaru'l ha-it, The game of
leap-frog. e 2\- himr-i kabbn, An insect resembling a
locust without wings. Us--> j- himr-i wahsh, The wild
aSS. Hammar, An ass-driver. Hammr, (poet. hamar) (pl. of
$,0- hammrat), The hottest days in summer.
A y- hamrt, Active, industrious in his affairs.
A c- himrn, (dual) Two stones placed in an upright
position, across which a third is laid for drying milk upon. Name
of two stars in the constellation Cancer.
A. Ma-himrat, A female ass. A large stone. Stones raised
round a reservoir (in order to confine the water); likewise stones
erected round a hunter's lurking place. The upper part (of the
foot). Hammrat, (poet, hamrat) The hottest time of the sum
mer. (pl. of Je. hammar), Ass-drivers.
A. J- humris, Strong. A lion.
A. -- himrzy, Asinine.
A. 35ute- hamsat (from 2-), Being strong, stout, firm. IIi
msat, Tartness of wine.
A 3. U- hamasat (from L-4-), Being steadfast (in religion),
valiant (in battle). Epic poetry. The anthology of the ancient
--->
Arabian poets; also modern poetry (after the Arabians became
mixed with strangers).
A J- hummaz, Wild sorrel. c.F \\ J*~ hamzu'l atraj,
Citron-juice. --JJ}) J*- hamzul arnab, Dodder. Uw
Jr." hamazul amir, A small creeping plant. ji." J
hamzul bakir, Wood-sorrel. P G- J- hamz-i bostani
(or A s nahri), Garden-sorrel. (Gladwin's Materia Medica).
Aku-hamt, Hay. A canker-worm. Humt, Akind of fig.
A &\t-hamtat, Dry herbage. A secret of the heart. The
black blood of the heart. A heat, or roughness in the throat.
A J*- himk, (111 of G-) Joining, countenancing in folly,
Humak, Small pox, measles.
A &\-hamkat (from c-), Being silly. Folly, stupidity.
A. usv- hamaka', (pl. of C-hamik) Foolish, infatuated.
Fools. -
A Lve hamkis, Misfortunes.
A J- hamml, A porter, a carrier of burdens,
A Ju- hamlat (from Ja-), Taking upon one's self, under.
taking for. Conceiving. Becom ing pregnant. Whatever any
one undertakes for. A foetus in the womb. Tribute exacted
from the people. Himalat, A sword-belt.
A cus- hamlik, (pl. of J- himlk) The internal parts
of the eye-lashes which they anoint with antimony.
A *~ hamm, A dove, a turtle, any bird with a ruff. Himam,
(III of hamma) Decreeing death. Asking, requiring. Death.
Humam, The camel-fever. A herb. Hammam, A bath.
A vz- hamm, Stone-parsley. Jamaica-pepper.
A v-hammt, (pl. of - hamm) Ring-doves. Hum
mmt, (pl. of - hammm) Baths.
A s-hammat, One dove.
A J-- hammmzy, A bagnio-keeper.
A*- himyat (from J-), Protecting, defending. Guar
dianship. Patronage, countenance, or support. P c- <!--
himyat dadan, To give protection, to defend. To patronize.
A *- ham-id, (pl. of 3~~~hamidal) Laudable actions.
A J. L- hama-il, A small Kurn suspended from the neck as
a preservative. A necklace of flowers. (pl. of &\- himlat)
Shoulder sword-belts.
P J- hama-il, The elliptical motion of a planet.
A Gu- ham-im, (pl. of &\- hammat) Valuable treasures.
(pl. of &\,- hammat) Pigeons, doves. (pl. of &a- hami
mat) Warm baths.
A&- hamat, A species of eagle. Humat, The venom of a
scorpion. Hammat, A hot spring, or a warm bath. Humm',
Warmth, intense heat. A fever. Blackness. Plenty (of water).
J," &- hummatu'l firk, The decree of Providence, death.
A Q-4- haunt (from A-), Being hot (the weather). Hot,
sultry (day). Himt, Hot wells. Humt, (pl. of ~~~~ hn)
 Leathern bottles without hair (for keeping butter and honey in).
Hamat (from A-) Becoming rotten (a nut).
A--- himhim, Very black. Humhum, Borage. Abramble.
A&s hamhanat (from --- Q); Neighing (as a horse
when he sees his fodder).
A 44-hamd (from A^-), Praising. Praise. Ar-AA
hamd-i hamd-i akram, Praise (to God) worthy of praise.
<! tuahi'l hand, G!! wl at handu tllah), Praised
be God (to which they sometimes add e-w) c, rabbi'l
tlamin, Lord of the universe). & J "A~ hamdan lillah, By
: the grace or favour of God.
Pe-hamdn (or ey-hamdan), Membrum virile.
A 834- hamadat, The crackling sound of fire. Humadat, A
** fulsome unblushing flatterer.
A late-hamdalat (from J- Q), Pronouncing the formula
<! ~~~\al handu li llah, Praise be to God.
P & X-hamdunah or hamidanah, An ape, a baboon.
'. s
A 2'-hamr (from 2-), Paring (the inside of a thong), and
W.
making it supple with grease. Skinning (a sheep). Shaving
t a hamak, Lice, nits. A minute thing.
(the head). Excoriation. Jj} > hamru'l arz, The earth
worm. Humr, (pl. of A- ahmar) Red. New things. (pl.
of Je himr) Asses. Hamar (from 2-), Stinking from eat
ing too much barley (the mouth of a horse). Bursting (with
rage). Humar, Tamarinds. Bitumen of Judea. (pl. of 3,4-
humrat) Reds. Humar or hummar, A small red-headed bird.
Humur, (pl. ofj- himr) Asses. Himirr, Violent rain.
A y- hamra, (fem. of,4- ahmar) Red. New. Recent.
Barbarians (as distinct from Arabians). A barren season.
A --~~ humurt, (pl. of 2- hummar and humar) Birds
resembling sparrows. (pl. of y- himr) Asses.
A J- hamrn, (pl. of,4- ahmar) Red. New.
A 8,4- humrat, Redness. Pestilential carbuncle. Erysipelas.
A $9,4- himridat, The slime of a cistern. -
A 3-2- himrakat, Wool.
Aj4- hamz, Acrimony, bitterness of taste.
A 3,4- hamzat, The herb rocket. Name of a brave man,
cousin to Muhammad, whose wonderful exploits are celebrated
in the book called &c'. 3,4- hamzah-nmah.
*}^- hamzah, Darley-broth, or any thing similar.
A **- Ilanziyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect,
A U-4- Hums, Name of the tribes Kuraysh and Kanmat
(from their constancy in religion). Hamis, Strong. Hard.
A U-- hamsh, Slender-shanked. IIamash (from U--),
Having slender legs.
A 3-2- himshat, Anger, indignation,
.
A U-4- Hams, Name of a famous town in Syria (Emessa).
Himmas and himmis, A kind of small pulse, vetchlings.
A C*- hamz (from L34-), Being acid. Feeding on a salt, calves of the legs.
bitter plant (a camel). A salt, bitter plant. Thick oxygal, a
preparation of sour cream.
A 3.3- hamzat, Desire, appetite. Name of a family.
A U44-34 - humuzmuz, The herb stork-bill.
A 3.3-hamasiyat, Camels feeding on bitter herbs.
A U4-34 - hamziz, Wild sorrel.
A ka- hamt (from aa-), Peeling. Squeezing.
Akua's himtt, A canker-worm.
A 3,4- hamtarat (from la- 9), Filling (a leathern bottle).
Bending (a bow). -
A Jaa- hamtal, The colocynth or bitter purging apple.
A late-hamtalat (from Jae-o), Gathering colocynths.
Akla- humtat (or al-- hamatit), The canker-worm.
A G-humk (from G-), Being foolish. Humk or humuk,
Foolishness, inadverteney. * > C- humk waghabawat,
Folly and stupidity. (pl. of C- ahmak) Fools. Hamik, A fool.
A G- hamk, The insipid herb (beet). (fem. of c
ahmak) Foolish. Humaka, (pl. of G-hamik) Blockheads.
A J-hamka, (pl. of c-hamik) Fools.
*A J-hamala, (fut. J-yahmilu) He bare (the load).
A J-haml (from Ja-) Being pregnant (a woman). Bear
ing fruit (a tree). Haml or him!, Fruit borne in the womb, or
on a tree. Pc J-haml kardan, To impose a burthen, to
load. To impute, ascribe, accuse. e-A J*- 283; watt-i
haml kardan, To lay down a load. To be delivered of a child.
e-A J-hamlgiritan, To conceive, become pregnant. A Him!
(from J4-), Lifting, taking up a burden on the head or back.
Sustaining. Bearing patiently. Ascribing, affirming of ano
ther. A load. Baggage. Hamal, A full-grown lamb. The sign
Aries. Js" e- lisanul hamal, Lamb's tongue (an herb).
A z- himlj, The bellows of a goldsmith.
A J- himlak, The inner part of the eye-lash which they
anoint with collyrium. The white of the eye.
Ae- humln, (pl. of Ja- hamal) Full-grown lambs.
A 14- hamlat (from Ja-), Making an assault. An attack.
An assailant. Hamalat, (pl. of J.<!-- hamil) Carriers, bearers.
A 44- hamlajat (from 2- Q), Twisting firm (a rope).
A &t- hamlakat (from c- 9), Looking stedfastly, staring.
A G- haml?), Categorical.
A *- humam, Coals, ashes. Fuel,
A &t-hamamat, Coal.
A ex~ hammn, The smaller species of tike.
Ax~ hama (from 54-), Being hot (day, or furnace). Being
angry. Heat. Hamil, A husband's or wife's father or brother.
IHumaw, The venom of a scorpion.
A. <-> humawt, (pl. of s-hamt) Mothers-in-law. The
 Co
A $x~ him wat (from J-), Commanding, enjoining to ab A U- hin-a (from 5-), Being libidinous (a wild cow or a
stain from. Him wat or humiwat, A paroxysm of pain. sheep). Lust. Hinna-a (U-hin or su-hinna-at),The dyeing
a g- hamuj, A little fawn. or colouring shrub (Lawsonia inermis). *~! * allinnial
A ex~ hamd, Praised.
A U234- humus (from U24-), Subsiding (as a swelling, or
a boiling pot). Ceasing to vibrate (a pendulum).
A J-humuz, (pl. of U44- hamz) Salt, bitter plants.
A **- humuzat (from U-4-), Being acid. Feeding on
salt and bitter plants (a camel). Acidity, bitterness. (pl. of
U44- hamz), Salt and bitter plants.
A J.-- hamul, Mild, gentle, tame. One who bears injuries
with patience. Burden-bearing (camel). Humul, Camels which
carry women in litters called zer havedaj, also those litters.
...A & J- hamulat, Carried. Carrying. A beast of burthen.
IIumulat, (pl. of Ja- himl) Horse or camel-loads.
A **- humiyat or humuwiyat (from J-), Being hot.
A J- hami-a, Muddy. --
A J-hama', A dove, a pigeon. A father-in-law, or near
est relation to husband or wife. Full of clay. Hamy (from
J-), Becoming hot (a day, or furnace). Heat. IIima', In
accessible, forbidden. A camp. An asylum. &\s! L- hima'l
khilfat, Name of Baghdd. Huma', The poison of a scorpion.
IIamzy, Hot, boiling, fervent. Protected. Humma', A fever.
A \t- humayy, Whatever one must defend (as a wife, or a
standard). Heat of wine. Fever.
A *- himyat (from J-), Prohibiting, forbidding. IIa
miyat (from L-), Modestly abstaining. Zeal, impetuosity.
A nice sense of honour. Modesty. Hammiyat, Warm baths.
A c--- ham it, Extreme (rage). A leathern bottle without
hair (for keeping milk in). A leathern bottle lined with must.
A -- hamid, Praised. Laudable, glorious. **----,
at:sa-i hamidah, Laudable qualifications.
A s-- Humaydi, Name of a nation of Kurdistn.
A y-hamir, A leathern strap or thong with which they sew
shoes, or fasten loads. (pl. of j- himr) Asses.
A. S- hamirat, A thong for fastening saddles. Net-work.
A bow for dividing cotton.
A j-hamiz, Strong, firm.
A U-- humish, A sort ofnightshade.
A J-- hamzl, A bastard. A surety. Sticks, carried down
by the stream. A slave brought young from another country.
A 3..- hamilat, A sword-belt.
A - ham7m, Warm water. A hot bath. The heat of the
summer. Summer rains, the rainy season. Causing fevers. A
fever. Sweat. A relation, especially under your care.
A **- hamimat, The choicest part of property. Hot water.
*A c- hanna, (fut. J Jahinnu) He pitied.
A c-hann (from c-hanna), Averting, detaining. Hinn,
Name of a people of Chinese origin. (for c-jinn.) A spirit.
582 r
ahmar, The fruit of the wild strawberry. y) A-hinni-vi
ghulat, Borage. U A.- himn-a karish, Moss growing on
stones. J-s *~ hinna-i majnun, Woad.
A g- hunabij, Large-bodied, fleshy. Small ants.
re)- U- hin bandn, A marriage-feast.
A '-- hanatim, Black clouds.
Aj-u- hanajir, (pl. of Asi- hanjar and ji-) Throats.
A i-L-handji, (pl. of -5,-i- hunjf) Heads of the
ribs joining to the back-bone.
A J-U- hundjil, Short and compact of body.
A 2-L-handjir, (pl. of - hunjr) Wind-pipes.
A ze- hanadij, (pl. ge- hanadij) A large camel. An
oblong track or heap of sand; also, a short one.
A J-- hannas, The devil.
APU - hannt, A seller of meat.
A &L- hintat, The art of embalming. Corn-dealing.
A - hanzib, (pl. of e-la--) Male locusts. Beetles.
A J- hink, (pl. of G-hanak) Furious passions.
a c- hink, (pl. of &- hunkat) Straps of a saddle.
A JSu- hunakil, Despicable, rude. A dwarf.
A J- hanan (from c-hanna), Pitying. Parental or filial
love. Hannn, Most compassionate or affectionate (one of the
epithets of God). Open, clear (way). Twanging (bow-string).
A \,\:- handy, (pl. of 3-haniyat) Bows.
A &- hinayat, Flexure, bending.
Aj- hand-ir, (pl. of $2.2-hanirat) Arched works.
pG- hin-7, Of the colour of hin. See L-hinn-a.
A --- hanab (from --), Being curved or bent in the
back or fore-feet (a horse). Having the hind legs wide apart.
A &J.- himbalat, A babbler, an idle talker.
A 2- himbatar, Wehemence, hardness, severity.
A g- himbij, A louse. Humbuj, Large-bodied, fleshy.
A 2- himbar, Short, dwarfish. IIimbarr, Assiduity. Mag
nitude. Hardness, force, strength.
A 3-> hambarat, Excessive cold.
A --> hambarit, Pure (water). Weak.
A*-hambashat (from U- Q), Leaping. Applauding.
Walking. Laughing. Playing. Talking. Receiving familiarly.
A U-a- (>) abu) himbas, (Father of stratagems) the fox.
A --> hambasat, Stratagems (in war).
A Jr.-- hambal, A short dwarfish man. A garment made of
skins. Name of an eminent Muhammadan lawyer, and head of
one of the four chief sects in Muhammadism. Humbal, French
beans. The flowers of the Egyptian thorn.
A &- hambalat (from J- Q), Eating beans. Putting on
a pelisse of fur.
 3- 583 ->
A 3-hannat, A wife. The froth of a camel. (Heb. non) A 35-hanzakr (or 35-hanzakrat), Dwarfish, despicable.
A woman's name (Hanna). Hinnat, Madness, fury. a c-hunzb, A flight of the birds Was kata.
A sax-hant-a, A dwarf. A U-- hanas (from L.-), Pushing courageously into the
A Ju-huntil, Escape, flight. hottest of the battle.Hunus, Pious, chaste (people).
A 52-hantarat, Difficulties, straits. A U-- hansh (from U-2-), Hunting (vipers). Bending.
**- hantam, A green-coloured bucket or water-pot. Driving off, averting. Hanash, A serpent. A malignant villain.
A x- huntu, One who scratches his head. A Laza- hans (from Laxa-), Dying.
A C-- hins (from c--), Swearing falsely. A sin, crime. A s-hins-a, A weak man.
Maturity of judgment. Obedience. A_\a:- hinsr, Slender and large-bellied.
AA.-hansar (or s-hansara'), Foolish. A fool. A Jua- hinsl (and & Lac- hinslat), Large-bellied.
, ; A *A*- hansarat, Straits, difficulties. A J-a-hansal, A cavity in a stone. Water collected there.
f:
A J-hansal (or J khansal), Weak, feeble. A small pond.
.A *- hanj (from *-), Inclining, giving a bias. Twisting A ax~ hant (from a--), Being red (hide). Coming to ma
a rope. Hinj, Root, origin, stock. turity (the herb c-oy). Hinat, (pl. of Ala- hintat) Wheats.
A si- hunjab, Dry. A & lax- hintat, Wheat.
A. *i- hunjud, An oblong tract of sand. A 2Aa:- hantarir, Clouds.
Aj- hanjar, The head of the asper artery. A certain plant. A -la- hanta, Large-bellied.
A5A-i- hanjarat (from Asia- Q), Slaughtering. Being deeply A&la- hunati-at, A broad fat she-goat.
sunk in its socket (eye). Hanjarat or hunjurat, The wind-pipe. A $."< hans-at (from J- Q), Reviling shamefully.
: P J *A*- hanjarah-ghaltn, A singer, a warbler. Ajax- hinza-w, Short-bodied.
, is A lst-hanjary, Guttural. A -- hunzab or hunzub, A male locust. A beetle.
t A -ist-hanjaf (hinji and hunju, also &i=- hunjafat), A \la:- hunzaba, A beetle.
{ija The top of the haunch or thigh. The back-bone. A J-hanzal, The wild gourd, the colocynth.
- A Ji- hinjal, A large-bodied woman. Clamorous. Hunjul, A e- hinziyan, One who speaks imprudently.
A wild beast, especially a lion. A -- hanaf (from C-8-), Being bow-legged. Walking

a e;-i- hunjd (also Jsi- hunjr), The wind-pipe, the

limpingly on the outer edges of the feet. Professing the true

>*
throat. An oblong vessel, a jug, a cruet, a smelling-bottle. religion. Eschewing idolatry. Being circumcised. Turning
A ;si- hunjf, Head of the ribs joining to the back-bone. Musulmn. Being of the sect of Hanifah.
A *- hunud, (pl. of ex~ hanud) Waters absorbed in sand. A U- hunaf, (pl. of -i- hanf) Orthodox believers.
A z*- handaj, A large camel. A man's name. IIunduj, A U.K.- hinas, Impudent, shameless.
Sands producing odoriferous herbs and flowers. A U.K.- hinfush (or Ut- him?sh), A viper.
AJ< hundur (or 9.x- hundur), The pupil of the eye. A U2- hanas, Weak, cowardly.
A U-A-hindis, A dark night, darkness. P ft-hanai, Orthodox. J- ,-83.2 machab-i hanafi,
A J-handakk (or 3,5-handakuka'), The lot-tree. The true religion. (for J- hani.) The sect of Hanifah.
Ilindakk, A tall foolish fellow.
A c-hanak, High indignation. IIanik, Enraged.
A J-handal, Short. A dwarf.
Ala-hankat, A bird resembling the woodcock or snipe.
A vla- handalis, (A camel) fleshy, flabby and slow-paced.
** A -- hank (from t-), Putting a curb or check-rein
Excellent (camel).
A -handam, Name of a certain tree with a red root. under a horse's chin. A bridle, the chin-strap or chain. Per
-*J- hindaman (Jv- hinziman also hunzimn), A ceiving, understanding. Confirming. Rendering expert (age).
body of men, a crowd. People. Rubbing the palate of an infant with chewed date or honey (in
A 3,4- hundurat, The pupil of the eye. Hundurat (also order to induce it to suck). Hanak, The palate, and the under
*A*- hindirat), The object of vision. part of the mouth which is opposite to it. The beak of a bird.
A&A.- handiyat, A hawk. The jaw, the cheek. Deep black.
A 3-hanz (from 3-), Roasting (an egg on a hot stone). A &- hunkat, Strength, firmness. Experience. A strap
or timber of a saddle.
Scorching (the sun). Making (a horse) sweat by exercising him
Diluting (wine) with a little water. Growing hot.
in the sun. A e);K- hunkarn, Name of a bird that lives on fish.
Hanaz, Heat (of the sun). Name of a place near Madina. A J-hankal, Despicable, rude. A dwarf.
A -j- hinzab, A stout middle-sized ass, short and thick. A a &-hankalat (from JG- q), Walking heavily.
strong dwarf. A wild carrot. A flight of birds. A tax- hanamat, Sleep.
 \,-
A 3-hanz (from 5-), Bending, twisting. Crooked, bent.
Hinw, The crooked timbers of a saddle. Crookedness, curva
ture. The side (of a mountain). Hunaw (from 3-), Being
affectionate, loving (as a mother who on account of her children
rejects a second marriage). Wanting the ram (a ewe).
A y-hanw, (fem. of s- ahna') Crooked-backed.
A 35-hanicat, A sort of odoriferous herb.
A ex~ hanud, Water absorbed in a sandy soil, and resting on
a solid stratum below. Low-lying ground.
Ak;-- hanut, Sweet herbs which they are wont to sprinkle or
strew over dead bodies. .
A c-haniin, Whistling (wind).
A J-hany (from 3-), Bending. Haniy, (pl. of 5- hinw)
Crooked timbers of saddles. (pl. of 3-haniyat) Bows.
A l-hany, (fem. of s- ahna') Crooked-backed (woman).
A d-- hanzyat, A bow.
A G--hanis, Perjured, wicked.
A 3-haniz, (Meat) baked in the oven. Roast mutton.
A 2-hanir or hunayr, Name of an old Arabian month.
A s-hanirat, An arch, the cementing of arched work. A
bow without the string. A bow for separating cotton.
Ajr-han?-, Short.
A Ci-hanf, A person who leans from Judaism and Chris
tianity. An orthodox Musulmn. Firm, steady.
A &- Hanzfat (or &-3) Ab handfat), Name of one of eye; haicss zadan,
the four chiefs of the principal Muhammadan sects.
pus:- hanf, Heathenish. (CASTELLus.) Orthodox.
A &- hanfyat, The sect of Hanifah. Orthodoxy.
A G-- Hanik, Name of a mountain encompassing the globe.
A c-hanin, Love, affectionate yearning. The affectionate
cry of a camel to her colt. Hunayn, Name of a man. Name
of a valley at three miles distance from Mecca.
p > haw, A bloody moisture in the eye.
A 5- hw, (pl. of s;-) ahwa') Black, dusky-lipped.
A \,- hawa, The constellation Serpentarius.
A \,- hate and havewa, (HEB. mm) Eve the mother of man
kind. Hir, A tent of wool or goats' hair. A number of those
tents adjoining to one another. Hawwa, (fem. of s:- ahwa')
Black or dusky-lipped. A blue colour. Name of a plant resem
bling the wolfin colour. A charmer of serpents.
A *\}~ huteic-a, Name of a pot-herb that cleaves unto the
ground. Name of a plant resembling the wolf in colour.
A. - haw-ab, An open place. Name of a watering-place.
A <-- hiwt, (111 of ~~) Lurking, stealing (as a fox).
A. <<!- hawtk, Cattle poorly fed, or that will not fatten.
A young ostrich.
AF;- IIareasir, Name of a family of the tribe of Kays.
A z- hawjj, (pl. of &-\- hijat) Female pilgrims.
A l-);- hawjib, (pl. of cus+ hijb) Veils. Nights.
Eye-brows.
584 \,-
A J-j- hawjil, (pl. of J-U- hjil) Crows, (pl. ofl
hawjalat), Cruets. -
A <--> hawadis, (pl. of &ie=- hdisat) News. Accidents.
P sej <--> hawadis-zadah, Unfortunate.
Aje- hawadir, (pl. of ye- hadir) Firm-bodied men,
A_\}~ hawr or hiwar, A reply. Huwar, A camel's colt.
A - hawarid, (pl. of 9- harid) Hot, passionate,
A sy-hawry, Shining, clear, white-skinned. A washer
of garments, a fuller. A disciple or apostle (of Jesus Christ).
A friend, associate, companion, and staunch believer (in Mu.
hammad). (pl. of - hiri), Paradisiacal nymphs, houries.
J- *- hawriy-ijinan, The nymphs of paradise,
Je hawry-misal, Like nymphs. Hincara', White bread.
A <-- hawriyt, (pl. of &J';-) Fair-skinned (women),
A &_\,- hawaryat, (fem. of :- hawariy) Clear, white
skinned (woman). A washerwoman, or bleacher.
A cy:J);- hawryn, Apostles. Assistants, companions.
Aj- hawwaz, An instigator. Huwz, Large beetles.
Aj- hawazz, (pl. of j\- hazz) Excrescences on camel's
breasts which gall the inside of the shoulder.
A U-3- hawss, (pl. of 3-\- hssat) Senses. *-*~~~
harcass-i khamsah (in Persian J-- & panj hawss), The five
senSeS, ~~);- hawss-i barranty, The external senses,
P ~~);- hawass-i andaruni, The internal senses. v
To revive, to return to sense.
r &\ J-- hawass-bkhtah, Out of one's senses.
A. -,- huwasat, A mixed assembly.
A &\,-huwshat, Any thing against which one takes ex
ception, saying, &_W \,\- hasha li'llah, God forbid!
A <<!- hawshik,(Winds)blowing from different quarters.
(pl. of -- hshiyat) Margins, bor
A es':- hawash?,
ders, hems, marginal notes or observations. Followers, attend.
ants, domestics. Common soldiers. J-> y umara s
hawshi, Princes and people, grandees and plebeians. Jy
-,-) rakikul Hawshi, An easy\-life.hsib) Violent winds.
-
" A C-2}- hawsib, (pl. of r
A Je'> hazsil, (pl. of & ex- hazzstllat) (Birds) crps.
e garments. A pe.
Name of an animal of whose skin they mak
lican. A sort of bellows. A kind of pick-'
A. era;- hawsin, (pl. of eye- and eva-) Chaste women.
- huwatat, A place for keeping grain.
A
Feet.
A_3\}~ hawfir (pl. of A- hfir) Nails, claws.
A & 3"> huzcakat, Any thing swept.
A U}\,-- hawkil, (pl. of J3;- hawkal) Very infirm old me"
Being
A J);- hawi (from Ji-), Changing very ,
ishing.
changed. A circle, a circuit. Hiwal, (1* of J.-)
Seeking. Hawla, Round about. a hill, a
-
A \,-- hawlat (or a);- harilah), An emine
hing similar which co
mmands the
-
mountain, a fortress, or any'
 t- 585 __5-
adjacent country. A commissary. A commission, a charge. A &;-- hawtakat, A dwarf's pace.
Custody, deposit of property. Seized with the epilepsy. P <!- A G- hawtakiy, Short. Lean. A glutton.
J hawlah kardan, To transmit, to transfer one's power to A &5- hawtakiyat, A sash which the Arabians roll round
another, to impower one to demand a debt, to give in charge, to their heads or turbans.
recommend. To change. To brandish (a sword), to aim, strike A J- hawtal, A youth near puberty. A young kata (a kind
with, or shake a weapon in a menacing manner. To refer or of grouse). Weak. Short.
recommend one's self to another. A c- haws, Wheresoever. There. *\,- *F tara
p_'. J.;- hawl-dr, A military officer of inferior rank. kahum hawsan batcsan, He left them dispersed.
A c- hawlik, (pl. of c-hlik) Udders full of milk. A G- haics, The liver with its appendages. A fat woman.
p s <!- hawalah-gh, A place of refuge. A public walk A 55- hawsarat, Glans penis.
in the environs of a city, an esplanade. A z*- hatc.; (from z:-), Having occasion, being in want of.
A J- hawala', Round about. Hawalz, Environs, outskirts, Hawij and hiwaj, (pl. of 3-- hijat) Necessaries.
A |-> hawj, Necessity. An affair, business. A doubt, a
parts adjacent. (pl. of 3.4-haliyat and Ju-hliyat) Women
dressed in their ornaments. IIawaliy, (pl. of J.- hawl? y) scruple. Hope, desire, any thing wished for. A kind of herb.
Yearling, solid-hoofed animals. -
A &-> hawjalat, A cruet, a smelling-bottle.
A Ji- hawmiz, (pl. of 3"- hmizat) (Camels) feeding
A --> hawjam, Name of an anti-venereal plant.
on bitter herbs. A c-3- hawjan, A red rose.
A c- hawmin, (pl. of 330-3- hawmanat) Hard places. A 3- hatcz (from &=), Driving (camels) fast.
A -- hawnit, (pl. of ~5- hnt) Shops. A e'- hawzn, The water-lily.
A :- hawawi, (pl. of & ;- have?) at and **- hawiyat) A_3=- hawr (from J3-), Returning. Failing in one's duty.
Intestines. Cauls. Quilled garments. Perishing. Being white (a garment). Hawr or hur, Defect,
A ''}- hawaya, (pl. of 3,5- haw?yat) Circles of stuffed cloth
detriment, loss. Hawar (from J3-), Being extremely bright
put over the bunches of camels to prevent the loads from hurt (the white and black of the eye). Extreme whiteness of the
ing them. (pl. of &;"> hawiyat) Intestines. eye with intense blackness. The total blackness of the eye (as
A&W- hiwayat (from 53-), Collecting. Comprehending, that of a doe or a cow), this word frequently expresses the
embracing. Occupying. beautiful black eyes of women, but never those of men, except
A t:- hawa-ii, (pl. of 3-- hajat) Affairs, necessaries. ing sometimes in a metaphorical sense). A species of red
:
A J- haw-iz, (pl. of &i- ha-izat) Menstruous women. leather with which they line wicker baskets or shoes. Hr,
#
A a;- haw-it, (pl. of al- ha-it) Walls, enclosures. Produce (especially flour from grain, as it falls when grinding).
A <<!- hawa-ik, (pl. of &\- h-ikat) Female weavers. of 23-) ahwar) Beautiful-eyed. Hawwar, The (white)
(pl.
\g
*** A --> hatch (from c-,-), Calling out to camels. Sinning, poplar (tree). Use, 25- hawwar-i rumiy, The black poplar.
offending. Father and mother, parents. A sister, a daughter. Pt_- hur (or - 25- har-i behisht), A virgin of pa
A word used in driving he-camels. Hawb or hub, A crime, a radise, a black-eyed nymph. er- ~<! rashk-i hurul
sin, wickedness, profligacy. Hub, The gutter on house-tops, ayn, The envy of the virgins of Paradise, i.e. surpassing them
also the court-yard in which the rain drops. Affliction, destruc in beauty. PA \-- hiru 'n'nisa, The most angelic of wo
tion, death. A disease. The soul. A thing. Huwab, (pl. of Inell. J 2_3- hur oghilman, Boys and girls of paradise.
&;- hawbat) Relations on the mother's side. A V3- hawra, (fem. of 23-) ahtcar) Having fine black eyes.
A\;- hawba, The soul. A body (thing or person). The ry:- hura, A virgin of paradise.
breast. A short man. Long-backed, with short feet. r x- J3- hur-isand, The anemone.
A *5- hawbat (from ~5-), Sinning. Saying hatch to male ey:- hawrn, The southern regions of Damascus. Hurn,
A

camels. Grief. Weakness. Want, necessity. A family dis (pl. of 2- h-ir) Places where waters stagnate. (pl. of N.
tressed with poverty. An infirm helpless man. A great battle. huwar), Sucking camel's colts.
P ej);- hir-zad, Born of a celestial nymph.
Any great and important affair. Hawbat or hubat, Maternal
kindred. A court. A crime. Habat, A mother. A wife. A
A c-huwarnak, A magnificent palace (particularly one
concubine. A beast of burthen. A weak man.
built by king Bahrm, of Persia).
A --> hawt (from c-), Flying round any thing (a bird). A.J.J.;- hawarrear, Something, any thing.
Ilal, A large fish. Pisces. --> --> libt hit. The P r hiri, One virgin of paradise, one black-eyed nymph.
prophet Jonah. P ex~~ ht-i gardian, The sign Pisces. A c- hawari, Extreme whiteness of the eye with intense
A <<> hawtak, Short. Lean. blackness.
4 F
 *>
Aj}-hawz (from j9-), Collecting, accumulating, acquiring.
Driving (camels) slowly. Drawing (a bow). The brink, mar
gin, border, edge. j}= & laylatu'l hawz, The first night on
which camels are led forth to water.
a 53- hawz, A war which brings together all the people.
A 55- hawzat, A tract, a side, a part; the middle (of a king
dom). The nature of a man. (People) assembled.
A 453- huziy, Shaking. Active, brisk, light, nimble.
A &j}~ huziyat, A she-camel returning from the herd.
A L- haws (from U-5-), Separating, dispersing, dissi
pating. Putting to flight. Searching anxiously for any thing.
Sweeping the ground with one's garments. Excoriating. Com
ing across, preventing any one from seeking. (Anything) mix
ing with the thoughts and affecting them. Being bold, valiant.
Hus, Slow camels. Huwwas, Adversities, misfortunes.
A \-> hawsa, A she-camel that eats much.
A C-5- hawsak, A castle, a palace.
P & 5- hawsah, Rich, opulent.
A U- hawsh (from U-3-), Beating up (game) on all sides,
and driving (it) into the net. Urging forward (camels). Hush,
A country, desert, or inhabited by demons. A savage animal.
A demon (who according to popular belief, covers cattle, and
makes them fierce and untractable). Any thing light and sharp.
e;) L-hushul fu-d, Keen, acute in mind.
A -- hawshab, A hare. A calf. A dog-fox. Gaunt
bellied. Full-sided. The fetlock-joint (of a horse). The pastern.
A J- hush), Any thing foreign or strange. Fierce,
savage. One with whom nobody associates.
A &-- hiishiyat, Savageness, misanthropy.
A U2- haws, Joining close. Sewing up. Covering (the eyes
of a falcon). Hus, (pl. of Je:- ahwas.) Those whose eyes are
narrow at the corners. Haicas (from Je;-), Being close at the
angles (the eyes). Narrowness at the corners of the eyes.
A &e;- hawsalat (from Je-o), Stuffing its craw (a bird).
Hatcsalat, hawsallat (or 4-> hawsalah), The stomach, maw
or crop. Resolution, ambition. Capacity, spirit. Endurance.
P. \v 4-3- hawsalah-mand, Ambitious, aspiring.
P J-hawz, A canal. (CASTELLUs.)
A J-hawz (from J;-), Constructing a tank. A large
reservoir of water, the bason of a fountain, a pond, tank, or vat.
r 7 J-hawz-i ab (or es's J-hawz-i mah?), The sign
Aquarius. \ J- haic-i tars, A vessel in which the juice
of grapes is pressed out. AA; J-hatcz-i kazesar, A reservoir
of nectar in paradise. e 35- hazcz-i nutman, Name of
w
a pond whose water, which was very salt, was rendered sweet
by the foot of the Prophet.
P &s- haw:chah, A small reservoir, a cistern.
P <<:- hatczak, A small reservoir. A large dish.
A 25- hawt (from 95-), Keeping, preserving, taking care
of Contracting, drawing in.
586 _2 >
A -- hawf, A leathern girdle worn by menstruous women.
A J5- hawk (from J3-) Sweeping. Margo glandis.
A J- hawkal, A very infirm old man.
A 13,2- hawkalat (from J- Q), Being old and weak. Being
impotent (an old man). Withered (penis).
A t- hawk (from 9-), Weaving. Basil royal.
A &- hawakat, (pl. of & Su-h-ik), Weavers.
A J;- hawl (from J;-), Changing. Elapsing, passing by.
Being of one year's growth (an animal). Returning. Leaping,
Retaining, detaining. Being sly, insidious, laying snares. Be
ing powerful, strong. Being agitated, trembling, wavering.
Receding, departing from (an agreement or custom). Being
altered, corrupted, becoming black. Being crooked, bent (as a
bow). Fraud, deceit. A year. A partition, or wall. Power.
4. "S y : J- li hawla wa l kteata illi billah, There
is no power nor virtue except in God. Hill, (pl. of Jiu-h-il)
Camels not conceiving in the first year. Hawal (from J;-),
Being squint-eyed, blind of an eye. Hawil (from J;-) Being
changed, migrating from place to place. Hawla, Round about.
Hiwal, Transportation, passage, change. Huwal (from J.-).
Passing by. Existing a year. Vaulting on horseback. (pl. of
&J,- halat), Misfortunes. Huwul (also J;- huwal) (from
J;-). Being covered without conceiving (a mare). Vaulting on
horseback. IIuwal, Prudent. Prolific in stratagems.
A \,-- hield, Water flowing before the birth. Huwali. A
membrane coming along with the foetus.
A e;-- hawln (from J;-) Passing by or through. J.-
J;- hawln-i hawl, Property in possession for a year.
A &J,- hawlat, Force (employed in exacting a debt). Hillat,
Misfortune. Huwalat or hiawalat, Very sly. \
A &J- hawlakat (from c- Q), Saying a!!!) S; }; J;-)
There is neither power nor virtue except in God.
A J- hulal, A camel not conceiving in the second year.
A. J:- hawly, A young animal (of the solid hoof species).
A court, area. Huwwaliy, Mutable, versatile. Prude", dr
A x-hairm or hateam (from ~~), Going round. Skimming
in circles (a bird). Hawam, A large herd of camel. - *
A J- hawman (from ^:-), Moving round. Skimming in
circles (a bird). (pl. of jus:- hairmna) Rugg"P"
A&\s;- hawmanat, A rugged place. Name of a *
A & ex- hazmat, The greatest quantity or power of any thing,
A field of battle. A street thronged with people. J) &-
hatematu'l kitl, The chief strength of the battle.
A 2.5- humar, The tamarind. - -
A J-Hatema', Name of a place abounding " spirits.
A J-- hawannas, Immoveable.
Doing less than one
A 25- huteur (Romy-), Reurng nt)
ought to do. Perishing. Being white (a garmen).
ithout con
A J.;- huwill (from J;-), Being covered, yet wi
-
 \-
ceiving (a mare). Leaping on horseback. Departing from an
agreement. Interposing, coming between (two things).
A J- hu-ul, A change.
P sy- Hawah, Eve. (Castellus.)
A s-Hawwa', (HEB. mm) Eve, the first woman.
A&;- hawiyat, An intestine, or the fat adhering to it. A
quilted cloth put over a camel's bunch, to prevent the load from
hurting it. A receptacle for water formed in a soft species of
stone and surrounded by earth and stones. Rotundity. though covered. Shifting a saddle. A young she-camel. Op
r g- hawij, Things transported from place to place. Pot | posite, contrary. (pl. of J-ha-il) Camels not conceiving
herbs, seasonings. A sweet cake.
A \-huwayja, Necessity, want. A call of nature. Hope,
wish. Scruple, doubt.
Pua-hawiji, Sweetmeats.
*A*- hawir (and 3.25- hawirat), A reply.
A}}- huwayza, A treasure, a deposit.
A J-hawil, Any thing longed for, desired.
A J- hawill, A house, dwelling, habitation. The districts
attached to, and in the vicinity of, the capital of a province.
A - hayy (from 55-), Collecting, comprehending, em
bracing, occupying. (from J-), Blushing, being ashamed.
Living. Being lively, healthful. Alive. An animal. A ser
pent. Shamefaced, modest, bashful. A family, part of a tribe.
The middle of a village. J-hayyu'l etlam, Houseleek.
J; L-hayyfuln, Such an one. --> J-hayy l yamut,
Ever-living, eternal. sual) Us- hayyu'lm-i, Quicksilver. Us
**: hayy wa kayyum, Living and immortal (epithets of the
Supreme Being). Hayya, Come hither! approach
A \,-hay, Rain. A plentiful year.
587 Je=
serving. Watching. Drawing in. An enclosure in which corn
is kept. A vineyard surrounded by a wall.
P &\-hiytah, Space within the walls of towns, not allowed
to be built upon, lest it might endanger the defence of the place.
A J- hiyak, (III of G-) Envying. Hating.
A t-hiyk, The act of weaving. Hayyk, A weaver.
A ve-hiykat (from <<-), Weaving. Basil royal.
A J- hivl (from J-), Not conceiving (camels or mares)
the first year. Hiyla (or J bi hiyli), Near.
A c- hiyn, (111 of ex-) Naming a certain time.
A &r=~ hayyat, A serpent. An earth-worm. A maw-worm.
Name of a constellation called the Serpent.
A ex~ hitn, (pl. of ~~ hut) Large fishes.
A c-- haysa, (haysu or v- haysum) Where. Where
soever, to whatever place (you go I will follow). -- e."
ila' hays, Whither ? To whatever place. --~~: bi hays, So
that, ex~ or min hays, Whence? From whatever place.
Seeing that, because. <!-- ~~~ haysa baysa, Severally.
Pua- haysi, Where. (CASTELLus.)
A &- haysiyat, Ubiquity, universality (in science). Ca
pacity, ability, merit. A conditional proposition. Examination.
&:- ,-4) arbab-i hayszyat, Contemplative, scientific.
P =\- hayjur, (in the dialect of Giln) A frog.
A Ja- J- hay jail, Blind man's buff.
A 3-hayd (from A-), Turning aside from. A projection
from the side of a mountain. A knot upon the horn of an ibex
or mountain-goat. Hiyad, (pl. of $32- haydat) Such knots.
A 3-A-hidsat, (pl. of & Bel-) Recent events. Misfortunes.
A e'er- haydn, Gravel (thrown about by a horse).

A s-hay-a (from U:-), Blushing. Shame. Vulva, uterus.
A &-hiybat (from <--,-), Sinning. A family, domestics.
A s-hayt (from J-), Living. Life. Life-time. A
porch, P j ,--- Hayt-i txah, New life, (used to express
recovery from severe illness, or the pleasure derived from meet
ing a friend). U.<! -->\- hayt-bakhsh, Giving life.
A --- hayyt, (pl. of 3- hayyat) Serpents.
A c- hijd, (111 of ~~) Turning aside, deviating. ---
~~~ hidi hayadi, Make way ! -
Pyle -hay-dr, Modest.
Ar- j- hayar shambar, Cassia fistularis.
A lw- hayri, (pl. of ey- hayrn) Astonished.
A j-hiyzat (from 53-), Collecting, gathering. Accu
mulating. Driving gently. Urging onward.
A J- hiys (from U23-), Sewing together; joining close. Young sucking camels.
Being close at the angles (eyes). (111 of La-) Laying snares.
A --- hiysat (from U23-), Binding. A girdle. Pain.
A S.A.- haydat (from Ax-), Turning aside from. A knot in
the horn of the mountain-goat.
AJ&r=~ haydar (or 3,9- haydarat), A lion. Proper name.
Jay- IIaydar tally, Name of the first sultn of Mysore.
p *T22- Haydar-bd, Name of a city in the Dak'hn,
Ae';*- haydawn, A ring-dove, a wood-pigeon.
A Sex~ hayddat (from Ax-), Turning aside from.
A s-hayada', (An ass) that startles at his own shadow.
A 2- hayr (from 2-), Being astonished, confounded, dis
turbed. Being dazzled (the sight). Being driven to and fro.
A old for cattle. 22- hayr bayr, Perturbation, irresolution.
A ey- hayrn, Astonished, confounded, confused, bewil
dered, amazed. Fatigued. Hirn, Stupor, astonishment. (pl.
of, U- ha-ir), Places into which waters flow.
(pl. of M- huwar),
...A r- hayranz, Astonishment, perturbation.
A 5,7- hayrat (from J-), Being astonished, confounded.

A J-hiyz, (pl. of JA3- hawz), Large reservoirs. Being dazzled (eyes). Wandering 52 straying. Hirat, Stupor,

A &- hiytat (from P;-), Surrounding. Keeping, pre perturbation, amazement. Name of a city in Mesopotamia.
4 F 2
 -

Q-8-a- 588 *...*-

...'"

*}< c- hirat-angz, Exciting wonder. A &- hifat, A side, eage, margin. A patch in mending.
a pr- hiram, An ox. A cow. A J-hiyafs, Short and thick (man).
p y-hirah, The skull, the hind-head. A G- hayk (from G-), Surrounding, girding. Lighting
P 5:- hiri, An open gallery, a saloon. upon, overtaking (as affliction, or a snare).
A s- hiriy, Native of Hirat in Mesopotamia. A J-hikl (and J-hiklat) (from Ji-), Being im.
Aj-hayz, A vehement driving forward. Hayz or hayyiz, potent (an old man).Being very old.
A place, portion, or tract of ground. A court-yard, an area. Ajr- haykur, Vile, contemptible.
Hayzi, A word used in driving an ass. A laa- haykut (or eMai- haykutn), A woodcock.
p > hiz, A vessel used in baths, either for drinking or pour A c-haykamn, The outer angle of the eye.
A - hayk (from <<-), Penetrating, cutting (a sword).
ing water upon the body. A catamite.
A c-hayzabian, A decrepit old woman. A ex~ hayakn (from - K-), Shaking his body, and walk
r_j - hayzar or hayzur, Name of a very long Indian root. ing wide (a short man). Penetrating (a sword or a speech).
A - hayzm, The breast, or the middle of it. The parts A &-hayknat, Thick (arm).
round the back and belly. High and rugged ground. Name r &- haykalah, The herb nightshade.
of the steed on which the angel Gabriel is said to ride. A J-hayl, Virtue, power. Deception. A horse. (CAsiRI.)
P .5~ his?, Sodomy. Hiyal, (pl. of &z=- hilat) Frauds, snares.
A U- hays (from U-2-), Mixing or preparing a kind of A &= haylat, A trip or flock of goats. Hilat (also 4
dish made from dates, butter, and milk. Food thus prepared. hlah), Machination, fraud, treachery, stratagem, finesse, kna
Hayas (from L--), Approaching, coming near one (death). very. Art, invention, cunning. Virtue, power, force, F &
A. J-> haysuman, Thick-skinned. e-A hzlah kardan, To use art, to deceive.
A U-- hayash (from Ut-), Quaking from fear. Making A&Jr- hay lulat, (from J;-), Coming between, intervening.
haste in going. Increasing, rising, overflowing (a river). P j 4-hlah-b: (or MS kr), A knave, a cheat.
A J- hayshn, One who trembles greatly. r <!-- hilah-bs, Villany, deceit.
A C22- hays and hayas (from Lar-), Turning away, revolt rj\- & hilah-ss, A cheat, a deceiver.
ing. Flying, escaping, retreating. Difficulty, perplexity, straits. * Jj 4.- hilah-arsh, Who deals in deceit; a crafty fel.
U2: La- hays bays, A perplexed business, a misfortune. Per low. Sly, malicious, crafty.
plexity, hesitation, suspense. A c- hayn (from c-), Perishing. Being near to: De

A Va.-- haysi, Narrow in the womb. struction. II in (from c-), Arriving (time). Time, an age,
A Je:- haysan (from Lac-), Turning aside. Fleeing. forty years, seven years, half a year, two months, eve and mor",
A & a- haysat (from Jar-), Running away. any given period of time. ~~ .c- hin-i hayat, Life-time.
A J.-- haysal, The love-apple. A U-- hinan, Sometimes, in some time.
A viz- hays (from Lic-), Having the courses (a woman), A 3-haynat also hinat, A fixed period. * al hinat,
and on that account abstaining from prayer. Emitting a humour Once in the day or night.
resembling blood (the thorny shrub 3,4- samurat). c-e al, A 3-hina-izin, Then, at that time.
waladu'l hayz, A term of reproach. Pj y Ly -Lir- hay--i e':- haywan (from us:-), Blushing. An animal. A
A

aris-i raz, Red wine. A IIiz, (pl. of i-hizat) Catamenia. Jz e':- haykn-i ghayr natik, An irrational
brute.

Dirty rags. Huyyaz, (pl. of Ji- ha-i-), Menstruous (women). being, a brute. Jb -e);-- haywan-i natik, A rational being.
A 9'> haywanat, (pl. of e':- haywan) Cattle,
brutes.
A 3.3- hisat, A menstruous cloth.
A U-ie- hayz7, A wicked brat. (HUNTER.) P :- haywan?, Brutal. Sensual. -- -

-
Life. :-- ) ruh-i
-- - -

A 3:- hayt (from us:-), Blushing.

A J-hitn, (pl. of al- h-it) Walls.
A 3-la-hitat (from la-), Surrounding. Guarding, keep hayaty, The vital spirit. P W-3) <-r-2 Ut cy rh-bakhsh
ing. Drawing in. A court, a palace. A barn. An enclosure. o hayt-afza, Giving spirits and prolonging life.
Affection, inclination. Hiyatat, Care, custody. 18 &la- 5* A c-3-hayyut, A male serpent. -

huwa hivatatun laka, He is much inclined towards you.
A x-- hayalat (from Ux~ 9), Pronouncing the formula
$1.2) J- J- hayya tala's 'salit, Come to prayer
A C - ha (from Ci-), Practising injustice. Injustice,
violence, oppression. Hy, (pl. of &z=- hiat), Patches.
A \l-hayf, (A field) not irrigated. Ah! alas !
A ex~ huyd (from Ax-), Declining, diverting, turning
from. (pl. of ~~ hayd) Projections from the sides of moun
tains. (pl. of $3- haydat) Knots in the horns of mountain-goals.
A U23:- hayus, Timid, running away. Huyas (from La).
Turning aside. Fleeing away. Retiring.
A J-huyuk (from c-), Surrounding: Descending on.
 ~\-
A x-hayawiy, Serpentine. Living.
A J-hayyahal, hayyahala, or hayyahla, Help!
A t hayhalat, The herb nightshade.
A J.- ha-i, (fem. &- ha-iyat) Bashful.
: Ar-Huyayyat, (dim. of 3- hayyat) A little serpent.
Q Muhammad).
tkh, The seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet, and the
ninth of the Persian, expressing in arithmetic 600. Its power is
generated by a gentle vibration in the throat. The sound is not
familiar to the English, but is used by the Welsh and some of
the northern nations. In this edition it is represented by kh,
not that it partakes of either of those letters, but because it has
been usual so to note it, for want of a simple character. In
Persian it is called kh. It represents Tuesday in almanacks.
p's kh, The shoulder. A sewer, a sink. Kh (and s
khay), (part. of e-'- khay?dan) Chewing. *A* * *
tilti-i shakar-kh, A sugar-eating parrot.
F \s-kh-a, Crines ani.
A 's kh-a, Name of the letter kh.
r 2.3 khb (for ~5- khb), Sleep. Cast back, rejected.
A -- khbb, Affinity, kindred.
Aj khbiz, (part.) Having bread.
Ala-khbit, (part.) Stumbling. J." |al-khbitul layl,
A spectre, a night-walker.
Ax's- Khabur, Name of a river in Mesopotamia.
A &\s- khbi-at, A jar (for wine, oil, and the like).
re-'- khbdan, To trample upon, tread down. To make
equal, to adjust. (for e-'- khbdan) To sleep.
P -- kht, A kite.
A all- khtm (for '- khatam), A seal.
A F- khtir, A deceiver. Perfidious.
A Jls khtil, (part.) Deceiving, circumventing. A de
ceiver, a cheat. Bold, strenuous.
A ** khtim, (part.) Sealing. Khtam or khtim, A ring,
a seal-ring, or seal. The last. \t\,\-khtimu'l ambiya, The
seal of the prophets (i. e. the last of the prophets, Muhammad).
r- j khtam-i jam, The seal of Solomon (to which many
wonderful qualities have been attributed by the Muhammadans).
A cabalistic charm so called (See and e- Sulayman).
e- J:--> khtam-i suhayl-nishan, The mouth of a mistress.
P J* khtam-band, An inlayer.
P s ~~ khtam-band, Inlaid work.
A &J's- khtimat, An end, a conclusion. An epilogue.
P Pls- khtmar (c- khtman or e-'- khtmn), (in misfortune.*~~ khr-i saped, The white-thorn; a thorny
ancient Persian) A sister.
r s & Jus khtimah-bandi, A kind of workmanship of A thistle, teasel. c- khr shudan, To be despised. As
which they make bows. The ceiling of a roof. (HUNTER). eye; khr Kardan, To vilify. &;s 3', 2's khr-i was gunah,
589 _\-
A J- khtami or khtim, A ring or seal-maker.
A j (xxi., 4- ahallahu maktad) al khtin, He caused
him to be seated on the most honourable seat.
P <!;"> khtlah (or y\- khtrah), Fraud, deceit, se
duction. Vileness, meanness of condition. War, battle. Full.
APe-khtn, Alady, a matron. ---, 95.3 khtn-i
jannat, Queen of Paradise (a title given to Ftima daughter of
P ~\si- A-eg khtn-i khargah-sinjab,
The sun and moon. -e);'< khtn-i khum, A jar of wine.
Wine. $3,e\--& e- khtn-i shabistn-i falak, The
sun. The moon. The planet Venus. A <^* re:- khtn-i
tayyibat, Mecca. ~~ ley- khtn-i tarab, The Kaaba, or
fane at Mecca. Fatima. --~~~}^+ khtn-i finab, Wine.
P \ le- khtn-i yaghma, The sun.
pe' ex~ Khtn-bd, Name of a quarter in Ispahn,
A & khtiyat, An eagle.
A 2'- khsir, Thick (liquids). Mixed, jumbled together.
r- khj, The Christian cross. The soft part of the ear.
r %-- khjark (U---|- khjsus, ----Khjsak,
U-3-3-khjshus, -}-\- khjshak, ---khjk, or
J;-- khajul), A sickle, a sithe, a pruning-hook.
P es-- khkhdan, To tread, to trample under foot.
P el- khd, An eagle, an osprey. A kite. A kind of falcon.
Bastard saffron. Raw. (CASTELLUs.)
A ze- khadij, (A camel) producing an abortion.
A s- khadir, (part.) Sitting behind a curtain. (A lion) en
tering his den. Confounded. Torpid, lazy, slow. A lion.
A es- khdit, (part.) Deceiving. A deceiver. Capricious.
Changing the skin or shape. Clipt (money) less than standard.
A ^* khadim, A domestic servant. A slave. An eunuch.
\!\!\ ^e's khdimut 'tulabi, A public teacher, a professor (of
a college). Pyr. ---- khadim-i pir (ory:- sipihr), The planet
Saturn. suje Zeel- khadim-i dargah, A servant who has the
charge of a tomb or mosque.
r xel- khdah, A straight branch. A broom-stick. An oar.
A coal-rake. A gibbet.
AJS- khazir, (part.) Hiding himself. A fugitive.
A J-khsil (or J,3- khazul), One who denies assistance
to a friend. Solitary (doe).
r_<- khar, What scratches. A thorn, a thistle, a bramble. A
sting. An enemy. Full-moon. An amorous gesture or blandish
ment. A very hard stone. A cock's spur. Wile. Name of a town
in Persia. es 2,\- khr-i hani, An iron spike. U.S.- As
khar-i dali-kash, A hook for drawing up a bucket. sy 2,3- khar-i
rah, The impediments of the way. Jr- As- khr-i sipihr, A
plant. J 2'- khr-i shutur, A plant of which camels are ond.
 _\- 590 C*-
The inverted thorn. ej J- khr nihdan, To disobey. To A J). khrik, (part.) Tearing, splitting. *i)'s w !;
oppress. c- khr o turunj (or A-2J's- khar o khur al) afrs-i khrikatu's' suff, Cavalry Piercing the ranks.
ma), Trouble and repose. Indigence and affluence. (Burhn-i <2<\e Jj- khariktadat, Contrary to custom, uncommon.
katia.) J-, j- khr of amal, A species of date. P <\s- Khrak, Name of an island situated in the Persian

pyl- khra, A stone of extreme hardness. A waved silk.
r Jy y- khr-tarash, A stone-cutter.
r & y- khr-sang, Marble.
P}\,\ y\\ khr-andz, A porcupine.
re-s- khrndan, To cause to scratch.
p_i \s khr-war, Thorny. A thorny brake.
P JV- khara-7, Extreme hardness.
A -j- khrib, A thief. A camel-stealer.
P <-- J- khr-bast, A hedge of thorns.
P e-j- khr-bunan, Roots of brambles.
P <2* khr-pusht, A porcupine. Name of a fruit.
A zy- kharij, External. *A* ila'l khrij, Without, on
the outside. *A* cre min al khrij, From without. r zy
<< f khrij ahang, Discordant, repugnant. A 84- t- kha
rijjam & Alienated from the rental. Allodial lands in general.
r_*.* *- *A* khrij hita-i shumar, Innumerable. A *A*
--; khrij kismat, Indivisible. 552. g's Eccentric.
P |-j- khr-ja, A thorny place. (CASTELLUs.)
A. *\-j- khrijan, Out of doors.
Gulph; also of a species of dates which grow there.
P U.S.s- khr-kash, A wood-cutter. A poor man who for
want of an ass is obliged to carry thorns. Name of a note in
music. Khr-kush, A kind of leathern hose worn over boots.
P e khr-kan, A spade for digging up thorns. A basket
for carrying them in. A nursery-man. Name of a note in music.
P J-j- khr-mhi, A fish-bone. A sword-fish; a sturgeon.
rjs- khr, A fish-bone. A beard of corn.
rjj khar-war, Thorny. Pointed like a thorn.
P J-2 A- khr o khas, Rubbish, sweepings.
P ey- khrn, Restive (horse). What is scratched.
P 8, A- kharwah, A sailor.
P 93- khrah, A hard stone. A kind of rich waved silk. A
broomstick. A woman. (Burhn-i ktie.)
P s- khr (for 593-- kh'ari), Meanness. Ignominy.
P JJ- kharidan, To scratch, itch. To provoke, irritate.
P c- khrn, Restive (horse). What is scratched.
r_j\s- khz, Dirt of the body, garments, and the like. A cotton
garment. A pumice-stone for rubbing the heels in the bath.
P Jjs- khazghn, Brass.

A Jjs- khsik, A spear-head. Hitting the mark (arrow).

A&E's- Kharijat, Name of a certain woman.
P &J's- kharjang (also 4-3- kharchah), Name of a A ejs- khsin, A treasurer. The guardian of paradise.
P &j- khazanah, A wife's sister.
thorny plant, preserved in vinegar like capers.
A 4-j- khrijah, The word at the bottom of the page, which P '- Khzini, Name of a celebrated physician.

A Jjs- khzk, A stake for impaling men.

is repeated at the beginning of the next, an asterisk, a catch-word.
A Js- khrajiy, A pretender, an outlaw. Upstart nobility. P 35- khzah, Mixed, kneaded. Stucco, plaster.
Belonging to the people called Khrajiyat. A '- khazi, (part.) Shaming, disgracing.
A &-j- Kharajiyat, Name of a people in Arabia. P J- khjghn, A kettle, a pipkin.
P <--> khrchang, A crab. The sign Cancer. P ---> khsib (or --~~ khsip), An apple.
P J- khstagi, The rising or swelling of dough.
P <--> khr-ch?nah, Small forceps, tweezers.
P J- khr-chin?, A hard substance, whence the Chinese p J.-- khstan, To rise, to get up. To excite an muic
make mirrors; also arrow-heads, a wound from which is mortal. tion. To set out. (for e-- kh'stan) To ask, to *
pyl-2'- khr khr, Scratching. Scrubbing. Disquietude, P &\s-khstah, Risen. Raised up. A riser. &--; na.
anxiety. Affliction, anguish. Love, desire; the impulse of the khstah, Newly risen. A youth whose beard begins to appear.
AJ-- khsir, (part.) Suffering loss. Wandering. One who
heart. A wound, a fissure. Heat. The itch.
p <<--> khr-khasak, Name of a triangular thorny plant. has lost his way. Causing loss. A loser.
A. eye- khrid, Silent from modesty. A i-- khsif, Lean. Discoloured.
rje j- khr-dr, Thorny. Barbed. Troublesome, arduous. A G-l-'khsik, A spear-head. Piercing the mark (arrow).
A J.-- khasi-a, (part.) Driving away. Rejected. Remote.
r_j j- khr-zr, A place over-run with thorns. Keeping aloof from the society of men. Dim-sighted. Dull.
Pejj khr-zad, Name of a thorny shrub.
Pe-j- Khristn, A place over-run with brambles. p J-3 khsdan, To wax old. (Castrws). -

r_* khr-sar, Anything pointed. A ry- khr-sar-bur, A bent Ut- khsh, War, battle, strife. Wehemence, impetuos
P
of hay or straw. Rubbish, chips, filings. Immede lil

A thorn-cutter. An instrument for cutting thorns, a bill.

P J- kharish, A sore, a scratch. The scab, itch, mange. love or in friendship. Quarrelsome, squabbling. Aut:
Itching. Scratching. e Lj-khrish kardan, To itch. Doting, silly, weak, cowardly.
p : "...U- khshk, Alject,sprigs,
Chips, leaves, vile. A*
"*"
suckers,
A j- Kharif, Name of a tribe in Yaman.
 C 591 \\-

young grass, small bits of wood, shavings, parings, or refuse of A *** khssatan, Especially, chiefly. But, yet, still. Only,
any kind; also dust, motes, straws, or any thing similar which at least. Entirely, quite, however. Truly, certainly.
gets into the eye, or liquors. Rubbish. Vile, mean, abject, A 52. khsirat, The hypochondria.
contemptible, trifling. A wand, a stick. P Js- khsagi, Peculiarity, speciality; excellence, nobility.
r - t khishtanshb, A bird of paradise. * -- khsah, Fine cotton cloth of a close texture commonly
*** khsh-j, Fond of fighting, warlike. called cossaes. A private secretary. The king's victuals.
AA- khshir, The mob. (Barley) destitute of meal. A 3-2- or ~~~~ khssiyat, Property, innate quality, matu
A ts- khshit, Humble, modest, peaceable. Low (place) ral disposition, intrinsic virtue.
covered with dust, uninhabited, and pathless. -

re-khsidan, To suppress. (Castellus.)

A is khshi, (part) Going fast. Travelling boldly in
the night-time. Piercing (sword).
r khshak, Sticks and straws. See cus-khshk.
r,
rel- khshak-dn, A shop-till. A bread-basket.
Pujls J* khsh-mash, Furniture, common utensils.
rj\-ls khshinshr; A bird with a tail like an elephant.
PU--> U2's khsh o khash, Sticks and straws. Chips, filings.
P Js khshsh, A reaping-hook.
P &l-khshah, Dried grass. Envy, jealousy.
A J- khsh, (part.) Fearing. Timid, fearful.
A Jes. khss, Particular, private. Own, proper, peculiar.
Pure, unmixed. Fine, excellent. Single. Gentle. Noble. A
royal favourite. Whatever (the king) enjoys, as his own domes
tic or private property. Holiness. J Je- khass-bahr, The
A 3-khzib, A young ostrich with reddish or yellow legs
from eating certain herbage.
A 839- khazia, Humble, submissive, obsequious.
A --- khtib, A public speaker, (in gram.) The second
person. \ -'- khatibu'l ambiya, The preacher to the
prophets (Jethro, father-in-law to Moses).
Ajs- khtir, The heart, mind, soul. Affection, propensity,
inclination. Account, sake. Will, choice. Memory, remem
brance. re-L- khtir asudan, To satisfy, appease. (GLAD
wiN.) JJ's khtir awakhtan, To be in love. c-sle A
khatir dashtan, To like, have a mind for. Ai- ve 2'- khatir-i
dary-makatir, A comprehensive mind. Je 2'- khtir-i ttir,
Gracious mind. e khtir kardan, To reconcile, satisfy.
P A- khtr-azr, Displeasure.

royal fleet of vessels sent every year to the king. r_\ J-3- P sej A- khtir-azurdah, Melancholy, dejected, sad.

khss-bardr, A soldier whose arms are furnished by his em P < T_A+ khtir-ashuftah, Distressed, dispirited, agitated.

ployer. The bearer of the betel-box. A servant who in a great

A s- _*- khtir-jama, Collected, comforted, contented,
man's retinue carries a firelock. 893, Je- khass-purah, Apart assured, tranquil, at ease. Content, assurance, encouragement.
ment for servants. A c- Jels- khss-tagalluk, Lands exclu A e-A- khtir-jam'87, Comfort, confidence.
sively belonging to government, from the original proprietors
having died without heirs. An imposition of a tax to defray the
* - A khtir-khh, A beloved object.
expense of presents made to the king. P \- Jels- khass-ja, A A za-j- khtir khatir, Noble mind. (GLADw1N.)
P s';*A*- khtir-kh'ah, Agreeable to one's wishes.
sanctuary. A J-k' Je- khssul khawass, Most highly distin P JA* J-A- khtir khush shudan, To be contented.
guished. P e Je- khass-dam, A tax for providing the king's P le A- khtir-dari, Confidence, comfort, satisfaction.
wardrobe. J3 Jels- khass-zar, Fine gold. Jj Je- khass
P << ** khatir-dasht, Complaisance, regard.
zamin, Quitrent estates. Jes- khass-talab, Retinue, suite. P sej}'s khtir-zdah, The offspring of the mind.
A cves khss-katan, Fine linen, muslin. Pe J's khss P AA- khtir-farib, Stealing the heart; lovely.
kardan, To apply to any particular use. To consecrate, to sanc P \t Al- khtir-kusha, Breaking the heart.
tify. A J s U2's khss-mahall, A private apartment. The P*A*- khatir-giriftah, Displeased.
apartments of married women. First married wife. PU; Je
khss-nawis, The office where the king's accounts are recorded. r2s ++ khtir-gir, Captivating the heart, possessing the
s-3 Jel- khss-nawisz, A cess for presents made to the king. mind, enchaining the affections.
P &J t 23- khtir-mandah, Offended.
* , Je's khss o gimm, Noble and plebeian, all, every body.
Private and public. A 4-2- Js' am wal-i khassah, Private reje sle k's khtir-mndah kardan, To disgust.
(royal) chattels. P Jes- r- sara-i khss, Inner apartments. A Jes 4'- khtir-nakis, Defective mind. (GLADw1N.)
A es. khassn, (Pers, pl. of J-3- khss) Persons of rank. P e- 2'- khtir-nishn, By heart. Any mark of remem
A --~~ khsib, Red-thighed (ostrich). brance. An instance of memory. A memorandum-book.
A 3-3-khssat (or 3.23 khssah), (em, of Je- khass) Spe r c- |- khtir-nishin, Fixed in the memory. Chosen,
beloved. J- e-A- khatir-nishin skhtan, To reconcile
cial, private. Excellent, good, pure. Charming, virtuous. Pro
perty. Peculiarity. Jy 3.22 khssa-i rijal, The chiefs of to, to incline towards, to impress favourably, to dispose.
the people; nobles, grandees. P Jj'- khtir-nigarn, Anxious.
 c- 59)
*
c
rj); A- khtir-nawz, Affable, benign, ggracious. c, khk shudan, To turn to earth. To die. To be despised.
P t A+ khtir-nawazi, Politeness, benevolence. \ , ,<\ khk-i shaf, Earth of the plain of Karbal wom
r x2+ khtirah (for A23 khtir), The mind, thought, de in rosaries, &c. and greatly venerated. -->4,-\, khk
sign, intention, will, resolution, purpose. zatif, Man. Ga t khk-i mutabbak (or J.-- mutallak),
A i's khti, (part.) Striking, blinding. A wolf. The terrestrial globe. ", < *; khko b, The human body.
A J- khati-a, (part.) Sinning. Deviating (an arrow). * > s khk o bd, Earth and air. A footboy. A courier,
A 33 khf, Extremely fearful, very timorous. r & khk, A plan, a sketch, a draft, an outline.
A 3.33 khfat, A short leathern garment (worn by those who rj's) 3-khk-andaz, A shovel. A loop-hole. A sling,
gather honey). A leathern bag, in which honey is put. A round The fringe or skirt of a tent. A magician.
stratum of leather (which is used, when spread, as a table, or Pj\s- khk-baz, A species of game.
converted into a travelling-sack, by the contraction of purse rj c-khk ba dar, Grieved. Dead. Distress, poverty,
strings round the edges). Pe < * khk ba dahan, May you perish!
A c-3-khit, (part.) Ceasing to speak, becoming dumb. The P <\e 2 --khk bar dashtah, Lited from the mire,
dead. Rainless clouds. Dwarfish corn. Pr <\- Khk bar sar, Distress, poverty. Grieved, dead,
A e- khfitni, (dual) The two banks of a river. rj- khk-biz, A large sieve for skreening gravel or lime.
A U433 khfiz, (part.) Depressing; hence one of the attri One who braves difficulties to gain his point. Quick-sighted, dis.
butes of God (as depressing the proud). Easy. Easily watered cerning, intelligent.
(field). Wi-) Li-khizu's 'suky, Easily watered. The P -j- khk-biz7, The state of being a stranger. Travel.
conveniences of life, acquiring easily all that one has occasion | A sifter of rubbish.
for. (A night) in which one travels commodiously. >\,) Jia r se; "> khk-tdah, A heap of earth; a butt to shoot at
c khaizut 'tayr ato al janah, Submissive and obedient. r & - t khk-khusbah, Name of a certain bird.
P e' t khk-dn, A place where rubbish is deposited;
A 3.333-khisat, A female circumciser of girls.
A. c- khafik, (part.) Trembling, palpitating. The horizon. hence also a sack in which it is carried. The world.
. c.3'-- Khkni (also .e.:* khafikayni), The two horizons, Pye - khk-dar, The world.
the east and west. The two banks of a river. r J- khk-dil, An unbeliever. Ignorant. Adulterous,
A 3.33 khikyat, A large drinking cup. P & <!-- kh k-rand, Dust.
A_3+ khfur, The herb southernwood. P 2) <\ khk-r (or <-2J - khk-rb), A sweeper.
A J- khafi, Occult, concealed.
P & S- khk-rbah, Sweepings.
A &#3. khyat, A secret, concealment. A demon (possessing Pjy c: "+ khk-rz, The foot of a wall.
The shortest p ej - khk-zad, Earth-born.
a man or haunting a place). A haunted place.
feather in the wing. The branch of a palm-tree nearest the pith. P es#"> khkji, Name of a certain seed.
e G- khkn, An emperor (of China or Turkistan).
A
rj-s- khk-sr, Mixed with earth. Base, mean, low-born,
JG- khkni, Imperial, royal. Name of a poet.
P
abject. One who sits in the shoe-hole.
P e- khkniyan, Emperors. p --: khk-sri, Wile, abject. Dirtied, overspread with
r c- khk, Earth, soil, mould, dirt, ground. The grave. dust. Humility. Meanness.
P e-'- khk-sn, Contemptible, mean, wretched.
Any thing of little value, useless. Quiet, mild, peaceable, obe
dient, submissive. Humility, lowliness, c-r c- \, c PA-S- khkistar, Ashes. ex:A-33. To be reduced to
khk ba khun sirishtan, To make a general massacre. 's ashes. To be calcined. J* e-A-33. To sit in ashes.
eye, khk badan, To be lowly and submissive. J 24 p -5A-5- khakistar, Ash-coloured.
Khk-i bimar, Pure gold. e-y s ...t khk-i bi nmsi, r Jt-khkash (for Ls 3 khk-kash), A rake, harrow.
Freedom, immodesty, indecency. * ...t's khk-i py, The ** "s khk-sh, A person in the mint who washes the
dirt or dust of the feet. Ground beat by the feet. 99 ...t ashes to recover any particles of bullion that may have falled.
khk-i trk, The human body. & ...t khk-i tang, A The man who prepares earth for brick-making or pottery. A
grave. J- c: "S-khk khalas, Metal reduced to a powder. certain black grain from which an eye-salve is prepared.
2-le , t Khk-i daman-gir, Mire, adhesive clay. - PJ-5|- khk-shor, One who prepares earth or clay for build
JJ khak dur budan, To remain in one place. Je ~ ing. One who washes the earth in which gold and silver have
eye, 3- khk-i discar khrdan, To practise content. (Bukhas.) been fused, to discover if any particles remain.
e-9 ~ * khk-i rangin, Gold. Silver. A bed of flowers. P J-k khkshi, A weight for gold. A red bramble. A
Man, Jj cs khk zadan, To sweep the ground. <!- small seed used in medicine.
 J
ls. r ie cls khk-sifat, Earth-like. Humble.
PU.S c- khk-kash, A rake, a harrow.
-->
* <<- Khk-ginah, A white mineral earth used in the
**
smelting, refining, or casting of gold or silver.
Pe- t khk-nishin, Sitting on the ground; humble.
x, ret c-khk-namak, Salt-soil. A salt-mine. A boy's
game, in which they hide something under one of many heaps
* , of sand, he that hits upon the right heap gaining.
F & 33 khkah, A plan, a sketch.
re:- khk, Earthen, terrestrial. Shameless, base, con
temptible. A tribe. The constellations Taurus, Virgo, and
Capricorn. e.9% J- khaki kardan, To surrender, submit.
To be unsteady. c Js- khk-nihad, Earth-born, humble.
Self-neglect, humility. "Worthiness.
re- khkyn, Mixed with earth. Abject (people).
r = <-khg, An egg.
P <!- khginah, A fried egg.
* J khl, A mole, a freckle. An eatable bird resembling
a crow. A standard. An arrow. A large black camel. A
h
vestige. An ambassador. A fountain, a spring. Irksomeness.
t: A pair, a couple. Black. ple J- khl-dr, Marked with
j moles. 32. ...ss. khlh-i shangarf7, Tears of blood
trickling down the cheek. J J khl-i nn, Seeds sprinkled
upon bread. Blisters raised on a loaf by the fire. C- ex~~
mushkin-khl, Having a musky or black mole (on the face).
A Jus khl (from J-4), Imagining, fancying, or thinking.
|Af Being proud. Limping (a horse). Haughtiness, self-import
ance, conceit. Proud. A mask, a visor. A cloud. The dis
position of the clouds to rain when much wanted. Lightning.
A mole on the face. Soft cloth. A striped Arabian garment.
Natural aptitude. The standard of an army. An excellent
|
administrator or factor. An uncle by the mother. A black
g kardan, To evacuate. To abandon, to reject, to throw away.
stallion (especially a camel). A master, an owner.
A J- khall, Loose. Scattered, dispersed, disbanded (army).
r's khl, An aunt.
P ey's khalawun, Name of a medicinal seed.
A -- khlib, (part.) Deceiving.
A&J's Khalat, A maternal aunt. (pl. of J- khl) Moles
(upon the cheek), (pl. of Jil Kh-il) Proud.
A 2'- khlid, Eternal, perpetual. all-' abi, khlid, A dog.
-'As, al jaz-irul khalidat, The fortunate isles.
P l- khlar, Salt works.
A Lal-khlis, Pure, unsullied, uncorrupt. Best of anything.
A friend. J U2's khlis'uljann, Sincere of heart.
A "la-khlisan (p &V2's khlistinah), Purely, sincerely.
A 3-13 khlisat (from La), Being good, choice, excellent.
Being pure, uncorrupt. (fem. of LA's khlis) Pure. Marrow.
A -- khlisah (or & 2 & 2.3 khlisah sharifah), The
principal court of exchequer, where all matters touching the reve
nue are transacted. Land held immediately from government.
A sl khlit, (A woman) who sues for a divorce. A dry
withered tree. An ever-green. A very ripe date. A camel
unable to rise. A twisting of the hough of a quadruped.
Pusae J-khl tasi, Sin, transgression. (Burhn-i ktie).
A -ij- Khli, (part.) Succeeding. Lurking in the rear.
A successor, a follower. The latter part. Wicked, perverse.
A water-drawer. & Js" ill- khlifu ahl-i baytihi, The
last, lowest, or worst part of the family.
A&G-khlifat, The same as -ill- khli above. Posterity.
A refractory man or woman. A tent-pole.
A Jlls khlik, (part.) Creating; the creator. s c
U-4); khlikul jinn wa'n ns, The creator of demons and men.
A &J's khlikiyat, A creative power.
A C- khalim, Equal, equiponderant.
r ~ khlum, A serpent.
p >|- khalil, A maternal uncle. A trumpet, a clarion.
re-t- khllinjn, Galangale.
A e- khln, (pl. of J- khla) Reapers, Inowers.
P & Khlah, A maternal aunt. uses &\3 khlah-bibi (or
L: &\ khlah-bini), Barley-broth. -
" A J- khali-a, Stubborn (camel). One who does not stir.
P J- khl, A large carpet. One mole (on the face). A
maternal uncle. A garment. A handsome man. Proud. The
eye-brows, especially when beautifully arched. A banner, a
streamer born at the end of a lance. A black mountain.
A J- khl, Free, vacant, empty, void. Idle, unemployed.
Pure, mere, unmixed. Only. Unmarried. A bachelor. Un
cultivated, uninhabited. The time past. A reaper. _-) J
khl's 'sayr, Travelling alone. Pey. J- khli shudan, To
be free, exempt from ; to be empty, void. c J- khl;
A 3.JU- khaliyat, (fem. of J. kh) Unemployed (woman).
&Ls) ex, kurunul khaliyat, Past ages.
g cl- khliduniyn, (Xixivior) Swallow-wort.
p c= <!-- Khlig, A servant who has care of a nobleman's table.
P ^* khm, Raw, undressed, crude. Unripe, immature.
Vain. A headstall. The silken cord of a musical instrument.
A net (of silk). A bungler. A horse that has been long in the
stable. (for 4.43 khmah), A pen. A white reed.
A els- khm, Unbleached cotton. Raw (silk).
A 2'- khmm, Stinking flesh.
g 1.3 U.'s khm-i akti, (Xauaidarn) Dane-wort.
Jye- khmdaryus, (Xapatv;) Germander.
G.
G J'l- khmzk, (Xapabpyn ) Dwarf laurel.
P Jls. khamarwan (ex- khmlyn; also evls.
khmn), The Egyptian willow.
a ys khml, (Xaaaaia) Widow-wail. Mezereon.
4 G
 594
--
A 3) Gv.& khmlnaku'2'27b, Wolf's bane.
rf *** khm-amadani, Gross receipts of revenue.
G c-'- khmmilin, (Xauaiunxoy) Camomile. (BURHAN.)
rj\--- khmbaz, A wide-mouthed kettle.
P -- khm-prah, A term of abuse applied to a woman
who has been cohabited with before the age of maturity.
A 3.3- khmat, Green, succulent grass. Dried grass.
a &c's khmid, Resting, quiet. Dull, stupid. Dead.
P e)--> kham-dan or khama-dan, A pen-case.
P --> 's- kham-dast, A man whose hands are unaccus
tomed to labour. A lazy, idle fellow, barbarous, and unskilful.
ry -- khm-r-inah, The parchment of a drum.
A U--> khmis, The fifth.
A V-43-khmisan, In the fifth place, fifthly.
rj;--> khm-s02, A raw hide, the leather covering a saddle.
A pancake, or any thing similar roasted on the coals, or on an iron
plate. Meat roasted black.
c
An enchanting pen. J A <\- khn-i gawhar-nisar, A
pearl-scattering pen, i.e. an elegant writer,
P e)- &\- khmah-dn, A pen-case.
rej & = khmah-zan, A bit of wood for nibbing pens on.
P J.-- kham?, Raw, unripe. Rawness, immaturity. Loss.
A noose. A toil for ensnaring game. A heap of sand.
AJ.-- khmi (for J-s- khmis), The fifth.
rjs- kham yaz (or s- khmyzah), Gaping, yawning,
The mouth of a kettle.
rj--> khamiz, Broth strained and allowed to cool, or jelly,
P e- khan, A caravansera, an inn, any place of public recep
tion for travellers. A prince, a nobleman, a lord. The khn of
the Tartars. A house. A hive. A family, domestics, furniture,
any thing in, or belonging to, a house. A sort of tray or table.
A shop-keeper. A shop. An exchange, a market, or any other
place where merchants meet. 3,' 'e \-khn-i barah, The sign
Aries. %. J- khn-i khark, A halting-place for a caravan,

P %--> khamsk or khamsug, Unleavened bread. J J-khn-i dil, The Kaaba. 39 J-khn-idih (or ek
p U.<!-khmush, Silent. Dead. Extinguished. (See J-). dih-khn), A judge of a village or small town.
A 3-2- khmishat, A small stream. f s- khndah, (in the dialect of Giln) An officer who
P-5- c- kham-shb, Half-washed, rinsed. communicates the orders of the general to the army. (BURHAN),
P c J- Khan balik (or t- bligh), A city in Turkistan.
P &cl=-khamshah, Fumitory.
p J.--- khmushi or khamoshi, Silence, taciturnity. A &\- khnat, (pl. of ej kh-in, e- kha-un and J;4
A U2's khmis, Extenuated, thin-bellied. khawwan), Faithless, treacherous. Deceivers.
P g- khnj, A hole into which boys throw nuts.
A\,.\-khmit, Anything bitter. A bitter plant. One which
yields little fruit. A kind of tree called 59) ark producing P**@- khnchah, A tray, salver, waiter. A small inn,
little fruit.Sour milk. Good milk having a pomaceous smell. Pe- J khn khnn, Lord of lords. A prime minister.
Milk which, though it have lost its sweetness, retains its smell. pe)23"-khnadn, A family; domestics. Household. The
P t c- kham-tab, Foolish, dull. court, the king's household. Of noble blood. The master of a
P J ** khm-tab, Ignorance, simplicity. family. *: ...A.N.- khnadn-i nubuwat, The house, family,
P ** ** khm-tamat, One who entertains vain desires. or posterity of the prophet.
A &\- khmizat, The hyena, P v- Khndes, Name of a province in the Dakhan.
P J- '- khm-eakli, Folly, weakness of understanding. P_\-3- khn-salar, A taster of provisions (to a king).
P_\- khm-kar, Unskilful, inexperienced. P J-- khn-smn, A house-steward, whose businesi,
P -j- khm-krz, Awkwardness, unskilfulness. to furnish and regulate the table of a great man.
A J-khmil (or er- khmin), Mean, obscure, unknown. P j-j- khn-smni, The department which generally
P L el- khm-nsh, A drinker of new wine. includes every expense belonging to the household.
J- khmsh, Silent, dumb. Extinguished. Dead. A
P A s- khnit, (part.) Doubting, suspecting. An adultere
disease in horses. J Lc-khmsh Kardan (or ex~~ a whore-master, a wicked man.
khmshnzdan), To make silent. Lx- --> U%;--> <- P 9x3- khn-ghard (or so, ghardah), A summer-house.
sinah purjsh o lab khmsh, Troubled breast, and silent lip. A &\s- khni, Fastidious, tossing the nose from pride. (A
r khmsh, Taciturnity, silence. caniel) tender-footed, and turning the feet out.
re-3- khmshdan, To keep silence. To be modest. A c- khnik, (part,) Strangling. A narrow pass through
To pacity. To be wrinkled. To be wearied. To wind about. mountains. A narrow street, an alley. --~~ J- khaniku
r &\s. khmah, A pen, or writing reed. Ink. A heap of z'zib, Wolf's bane. --!!!. Gls khniku'l kall, Dog's ba".
sand. A flaggon with a long neck. A tent made of goat's hair. <<!" c's khnikut malik, Gall-apple. A.) Ji- kh
Any thing of one colour. J} &\ khma-i azal, The pen of nikun namr, A species of night-shade which destroys panthers.
the divine decrees. JJ) &\- khma-i zarin, A golden pen; * * khnakh (u khnakah also 4-khng)."
letters illuminated with gold jJs 3.4-khna-i sihr-sz, monastery, or religious structure, built for the Eastern sophs or
 c 595
dervishes. A convent, a chapel. A baiting-place. S sls.
khnkh-i bala, Heaven.
r 333 khnku, The city of Canton.
lg. rl- khanagi, Belonging to the house. Domestic. Home
r a baked bread. A kind of sweet cake. A hen. A prostitute.
p J's." J. khnagi-mahl, A place for prostitutes.
P * khnam, A lady.
i.
g p Jls. khnman also khnumn, Household furniture. A
domestic animal. Riches, and especially hereditary possessions,
n moveable and real. The house, the family, domestics.
P se';"> khnwdah or khnuwdah, A family, a house. No
... T ble, of an ancient family. The mistress of a family.
r rl- khnut, A shop, a merchant's office.
r && khnah, A house, dwelling, habitation. A tent, a pa
*:::::::- vilion. A spider's web. A receptacle. A socket. The square
w of a chess-board. A drawer, a partition, a compartment. De
: partment. A field. A woman. A heap of corn. A hillock
of sand. A plasterer. Verse, poetry. &\-j9 dar khnah,
At home, in the house. &= --> shib-i khanah, The
t master of the house. & c-.8 kitb-khnah, A library.
Jy -37 &G khna-i fat-rz, The world. e. &\ khna-i
bd, An airy house. -- 33 khna-i past, Nether world.
, 23); 33 khna-i tarz, The sign Libra. slas- &l-khna-i
khuday, The house of God, i. e. the Kaaba or temple at Mecca.
J-y &\s- khna-i rstn, The Kaaba. e.95 e4, & 3.
A
khnah roshan kardan, To come to a conclusion. Jj &l-kh
na-i zar, The sun. The fourth heaven. The sign Leo. &l=
\
cj khna-i zarin, The sun. The stars. The eighth heaven.
* Jy J- 33 khna-i sayl-rz, Wine. J Ls &\ khna-i
shash dar, The world. 2: &\-khna-i shir, The breast, the
udder. Khna-i shar, The sign Leo. U-2 3'- khna-i tank,
Name of a note in music. J;4 &\- khna-i ghul, The world.
l; als khna-i fard, The future world. J &l-khna-i
kamn, The curved parts of the bow between the handle and
the ends, the upper being called \\ &l- khna-i bal, and the
lowercr &\-khna-ishibin. r- &l- khna-imurgh, Anest.
Je & 33 khna-i nuh dar, The world. The human body.
p''s khnah, Houses. The squares of a chess-board.
re' 43 khnah-bd, May your house flourish
rj &\ khnah-bs, One who stakes his whole property.
* J &\s- khnah badosh, A traveller, pilgrim, gipsey.
rjy als khnah-bar andz, A traveller. A wandering
monk. A prodigal, a spendthrift. A beloved object.
p 45'92 &\- khnah-pardz, Domestic economy.
*_2: &l-khnah-parwar, Brought up at home.
P J- &\s- khnah-jangi, Civil war, skirmish, bickering.
p &l-4-khnah khnah, Cellular. (HUNTER.)
Flas &'s khnah-khud, Master of the house. An oratory.
P-j- &\g khnah-kharb, A vain, empty, lying fellow.
s
r_< &\s-khnah-dr, Frugal, economical. A housekeeper.
P le &\ khnah-dr, Housekeeping. Economy.
rele & khnah-dmd, A domesticated son-in-law.
P el- &\-- khnah-dn, A great tribe, a family.
P --> &l-khanah-dst, Fond of home (a term of abuse).
* Ly &\- khnah-ras, Unripe fruit falling from the branch,
and coming to maturity in-doors.
P ej &\-khnah-sd, The child of a slave.
P_55- <!-- khnah-ss, Disgracing one's family.
P &\-khnah-shumr, House-counting: a house-tax.
P Jy &\-khnah-arsh, Renouncing the world, solitary.
P J; & khnah-farshn, (pl.) Pure, devout. Hermits.
Loose abandoned fellows who frequent taverns and stews.
Pe; &ls- khnah-kan, A spendthrift. A prudent manager.
r2: &ls khanah-gir, Possessing a house. A game at dice.
P 's khnz (or 4-'- khn-chah), A fountain, pure water.
A vessel wherein they cool water. A bath. Gold. Title of khn.
P 3-3-khndah, Masticating.
r;"> khw, The pile of velvet. Down, soft hair, wool.
rls. khwar, The west, but often used by the poets for the
east; and also for the sun.
P eye- khawaran, The east. A district in Khursn.
r l- khwari, Western. Eastern. The sun.
* L- khawush, A cucumber kept for seed.
r J- khtcul, Rust.
P el-t- khtealinjan, Galangale.
r x,\- khawand, A master. The west. Definite.
rj khawandagr, A lord, a master.
ps.'s khrcandi, Taste. Occidental. Mastery, dominion.
r- khw, Flavour. Delight. Hollow ground.
A s, khw, Uninhabited, ruined, or fallen down (a house).
ela' s-- khw'l batn, Empty-bellied. J." -5,-khw't
wifaz, With empty pockets.
A & G. khwiyat, Empty (house). Hollow (palm-tree).
PA- khahar (for A}- kh'ahar), A sister.
P s-khy, Taste. Chewing. Pleasure, any thing grateful
to the sense. Ground dug up, or trenched. Low-lying land.
A --- kh-ib, Unsuccessful, disappointed. Impoverished.
A yu kh-ir, Well off. Weak, debilitated.
P &'s khyistah, Masticated. Divulged. Absurdity.
p : -- khyisk or khysik, A smith's hammer. Malleable.
(in ancient Persian) A prison.
A Jes. kh-is, Any small present, if accepted.
A J-4 kh-iz, (part.) Entering, fording, or passing (through
water). Exposing one's self to danger. Wandering.
A kits kh-it, A tailor.
A -l-kh-i, Timid, pusillanimous, afraid.
r &&. khyak (or ck khyag), A locust.
P <!- khygnah, A fried egg.
4 G 2
 \-3- 596 &-
A Jls kh-il, (part.) Imagining (especially falsely or fool- p w- khabarah, Quick, active, intelligent.
ishly). An administrator. A factor. A guardian, a keeper, a A r khabara' and khabari, (pl. of Ayr khabr-a) Soft
pastor, a shepherd. An attendant, a client. A horse. Proud. loose grounds where the lot-tree grows.
A e;"> kh-in, A deceiver, a traitor, a rebel. P: e." J- P '-- khubari, Mallows.

t kh-in-i nn o namak, A bread and salt-traitor, (met.) A Ajs khabbz, A baker. Khubbs (or ), Mallows.
domestic villain who betrays his master. A J--- khabbas, Fond of game, and killing much.
A. J- kh-in?, Treachery. A 3.3 khubbsat, Prey, game, spoil, plunder.
P & khyah, An egg. A testicle. An eunuch. A &-khabshat, Provisions fetched from different quarters.
U-4 &\-
khya-i iblis, Name of a certain stone. A rogue. J &\s- || A multitude of men from different tribes.
khya-i zar, The sun. c-. khya-i sag, The testicles of Aks khibit, A long and broad mark on the thighs of cattle,
the beaver. J &\-khyah kardan, To lay eggs. impressed with a hot iron; also the iron with which the mark is
rj'92 &\ khyah-bardr, A cringing fellow. (HUNTER.) | made. Khubat, Madness, demoniacal insanity.
PU &\- khyah-dis, Name of a plant growing in the sand. r s- khabak, Strangling. Contempt. Despicableness.
pJ.J & G khwah-rz.
: , .. A fried egg. Four walls without a roof. Khabak or khibak.2 A stable,y a cir
3/ 2 S5 -

P J 4- khyah-ghulamn, A sort of grape. (BURHAN).
p 33.5 & 3 khyah-kashidah, Castrated.
re &\- khyah-kun, (A hen) laying eggs.
r s.5 &\- khyah-kandah, An eunuch.
** &\- khyah-gir, A venomous spider.
P <<!- khyah-gnah, A fried egg.
p Je &\ khyah nihdan, A shameful crime. (BURHAN).
P J- khydan, To chew, to masticate, to gnaw.
F 8.xx~ khydah, Chewed, gnawed. Divulged.
r - khab, Silent. Silence. Deceit, fraud. Cold. An
icicle. A pressure upon the throat. J --- khb bash, Be
silent! Khb (or -- khup), A wine-jar.
A --~ khabb (from -- Khabba), Going with an ambling of mischief, i.e. wine. --, Je" atml-i khab-is, Wicked
pace (a horse); also standing with one foot alternately up. Grow- | * shameful actions.
ing (as a plant). Being agitated (the sea). A wave, a surge.
A low hillock of sand. A deceiver, a fraudulent man. Khibb
(from -- khabba) Deceiving. A seducer, a deceiver.
A k-- khab-a (from **), Concealing. Concealment. Any
thing hid. <---: khab-u's 'samawt, A drop. *-
cular fold for cattle. Khubak, An ox. A ram.
A J- khabal, Fatigue, a burthen. Corruption (particularly
that putrid matter supposed by the Muhammadans to flow from
the damned). Name of a horse.
P J khibl, A sheep-fold.
A J- khibn (from c-), Doubling and sewing up a gar
ment to shorten it. Laying up provisions against a scarcity.
P J- khabnzdan, To cause to trample upon.
A'. -- khaby, (pl. of &z=-) Secrets. Concealed things.
A --> --> sawb-i khab-ib, A torn garment.
A 3'-- khaba-is, G- khalisat) Impurities, wicked
things. Evil spirits. Wummul khab-is, The mother
Pe- khabayidan, To chew, to eat.
A -- khabab (and - khabib) (from -- khabba),
Ambling (a horse). Standing with one foot alternately up.
A <-- khabbat, khibbat or khubbat, A long track or stripe (of
sand or of clouds). A long roller of cloth. An oblong slice of

J khab-ul arz, A plant. meat. Khubbat, A kind of sweet herb. A pond, a reservoir.
A Vs khab-a, Concealed. Rain. An herb. Khb-a, A A G-khabt, Plain ground, large field, uneven sandy ground.
supported by two or
rustic Arabian tent of wool or camel's hair, A & khabtat, Humility.
by three poles. A J-khabtal, A short woman. -

A vs- khubabis, Horrid. Dark. Ancient. A lion.
A s- khuba-at, A woman who just shews her face to men,
and then withdraws or covers herself.
A ,-\,-\, y khbs?, O infamous (woman)
A & U- khabsat (from --~~), Being wicked. Wickedness,
infamy, baseness, depravity, impurity.
A z- khibaj (from **) Striking with a stick. Breaking
wind. Lying with a woman.
A U-U.S. khabj, Foolish. A stallion held in great request.
rels khubd, A broomstick.
Ajs- khabr, Soft and loose earth. Khibr, (111 of Jes-)
Letting land to another for part of the produce.
*A c-- khabusa, (fut. -->< yakhbusu) He was malicious.
A G-- khubs (from --), Being perfidious and impure.
Malignity, malice, brutality, perfidy, malevolence. Impurity.
Khabas, Dross of metal. ~ \, y khabasa, O shame! 0
infamous! Khubas, Impure. Impurity.
A r khubasa, (pl. of G--- khabis) Impure, wicked men.
A & khibsat, Impurity and dishonesty.
A ** khabj (from **), Striking with a slick. Breaking
wind. Lying with a woman. Khabij, Foolish.
P &isk-khahjah, The tamarind.
p &l-khibchah, A gold or silver rod. A few hairs hanging
on the forehead. The branch of a tree growing perpendicularly. -

-
 3- -
A *; khabkhabat (from --> 0), Doing ought in the
cool. Being loose. Vacillating. Deceiving. Saying bah bah.
A t khubdue, A frog.
*A re-khabara, (fut. x+yakhburu) He knew.
A r- khabr, also khubr(from J-), Knowing, understanding,
being well aware of Trying, proving. Producing the lot-tree.
er,
Khabr, A large bag or bottle. (A camel) that yields much milk.
fr Khibr (from ), Going partners in the cultivation of a field.
Part of the produce paid as rent for a farm. Khubr, The know
t: ledge of a thing. Khabar (from J-), Knowing. Being loose
lr and stony (ground). News, advices. Report, rumour, fame,
story. Prophecy, prediction. ri-2a+ khabar-i khizari,
Je Report, sudden news, guessing what is to happen. (yi- Khi
As zar was a prophet skilled in divination, and hence, when from
l, certain symptoms, the public guess at the intentions of govern
t ment, &c., intelligence of such intentions is called khabar-khi
Hist sari). 23-2'-' mubtada wa khabar, Subject and predicate.
Khabir, Soft and stony (field). (Ground) producing lot-trees.
A "re- khabra-a, Soft, loose, stony soil.
A g-khabarbaj, A soft delicate body.
A &rs. khabarbajat, Excellent food.
A 5-khibrat also khubrat (from 23), Proving. Khibrat,
Wisdom, learning. Experience, experiment, trial, proof. A
portion, an allowance of meat or fish. Thick mortar or cement.
3r- J all-i khibrat, A maker of experiments, a censor, a
critic. An assayer of gold or silver. Khubrat, Proof, experi
ment, trial. Experience.
'r khabar-dr, Informed, certified. Aware. Careful,
cautious. An informer, a scout, a spy. Take care! je z
ej khabr-dr shudan, To be conscious, to have intelligence.
To be aware of. clr- khabar-dr kardan, To announce,
to inform, to give intelligence, to assure. To caution.
P lr- khabar-dr, Cautiousness, care. Information.
A *r- khabratat, Information against any one.
A - khabrakat (from Jr- Q), Tearing (a garment).
*A* khabar-gir, Taking cognizance, paying attention to.
A spy. An informer. A protector, a patron. -
P *A* khabar-giri, Spying, informing.
Attention. Aid
ing, protecting. Allowance, maintenance, establishment.
A c- khabarnaj, Delicate (body). Excellent (food).
* L; /* khabar-nawis, A reporter or writer of news.
A &rs khubre, An informer, a sycophant.
fr khabrah, Solid. Khabrah or khibrah, Reckoning.
P&9 r- khibrah-nmah, A mariner's compass. A sun-dial.
A r - khabariy, An historian. Name of an historian.
Aj-khabz (from >3), Baking, eating, or having bread. Paw
ing the earth (a camel). Khubz, Bread. A strong impulse.
A 5-s- khubzat, One loaf. A mass of dough ready for the oven.
*39;s khabazda (or t khabasduk), A beetle.
597 re
A U- khabs (from U-3-), Taking in the hand. Defrauding.
PU- khabsh, Commotion. (CASTELLUs.)
A U- khabsh (from Ut-), Collecting here and there.
A Lars- khabs (from Larc-), Mixing.
Plaas khabt or khabat, A herd of ostriches.
A lar khabt (from lar-), Mixing. Committing a blunder.
Insanity, madness. Pawing the ground with the fore-foot (a
camel). Striking the leaves off (a tree) with a stick. Confer
ring a favour upon an unknown person. Throwing one's self
down upon any place to sleep. Marking a camel on the thigh.
*::-e lars khabta eashir-a, (A camel) pawing the ground when
she cannot see. (met.) An imprudent, heedless, improvident man.
Khibt, Water reaching to the middle, or to a third of a cistern
or vase. Khabat, A leaf fallen from a tree. -
A lar-khibtat, Imprudence, rashness. Danger (to which a
person rashly exposes himself). A number of men or houses.
Little (milk). A draught (of water). The first watch of the night.
A s- khaba (from S--), Concealing.
A & khubatat, (A woman) covering and uncovering herself.
A & khubbaesat, Struck with amazement, astonished.
A c- khubatsin (or &), Hard-bodied. A lion.
A Jaz- khabaalat (from J-3- 0), Walking slowly.
A C*- khabk (from C-), Breaking wind. Despising. Khi
bakk or khibikk, Long (man or horse). Swift (horse).
A $.3 khibikk, (A woman) of a bad disposition.
A is khibakka', Swift (horse). Impetuous (man). Quick
pace of a horse (with wide steps).
P << khabak, Strangulation, suffocation.
P e.9% -- khab kardan, To keep silence; be modest, bashful.
P J- khabgal, A butt for archers. Khubgl, Fortunate,
happy, blessed. A flower, yellow without and black within.
A J-- khabl (from J-), Corrupting (the mind). Muti
lating (the body). Corruption in mind and body. Amputation
of the hands or feet. The syncope of the letters and <-2 in
J-c of the two kinds of verse called la-' al basit and j-)
ar' rajaz. Khabal, The epilepsy. Demoniacal madness. Kha
bil, Oppressive, overwhelming (adverse fortune).
-
A c- khabn (from c-), Doubling up and sewing part (of
a garment) to shorten it. Laying up (provisions) against scarce
times. A poetic licence in which the metre eft}=\; becomes
ej. Khuban, (pl. of & khubnat), Armsful.
A & khubnat, An armful. ~~~}} zu khabandt, Having
any thing sometimes right sometimes wrong, now well now ill.
A &r-Khabannakah, Name of a man famously stupid.
A 3- khubuw (from 3-3-), Being extinguished (fire).
A -- khubut, (pl. of c-- khabt) Soft level fields.
AJ3- khubur, (pl. of r- khabr) Large bags or bottles, (pl.
of r- khabar), News, advices.
p r khaburah, Firm and solid.
 A U- khabus, (A lion) seizing, and tearing his prey.
A 8 :- khubt (from 84), Being choked with weeping and
unable to speak (a child).
A J3- khabuk, In coitu pedens (mulier).
r 53:- khabuk (or 8:3- khabah), Firm, solid.
A J}< khubul, The palsy. Amputation of the hands and feet.
(pl. of J-3 khabl), Corruptions.
P &- khabah (also 4-3-khapah), Strangulation, suffocation.
Suffocated. J25 4-3-khapah Kardan, To strangle, to suffocate.
To abscond. Khubah or khubbah, The stitching or closing up
of a vein. Shepherd's pouch (a kind of herb).
A J- khabi-a, Concealed, secret, mysterious.
A --khabib (from Q-- khabba), Going with an ambling
p y-khapirah (also *:::- khapiwah), A heap of sand. A
sum total in casting up accounts. Strong, solid.
P --> khit, A race. Splendour. Science.
F (--- Khata, Name of a city in China. (Burhn-i ktit.)
A U- khati-a (from **), Hindering, keeping back.
ry- khatr, Purging, clearing (a garden or field of weeds).
Ajs- khattr, A great deceiver, an arrant knave.
A J- khatarish, The motions of an infant.
A Ju-khitl, (iii of J.-) Deceiving, circumventing. Seiz.
ing by stratagem (as a wolf his prey).
A --- khitam, (111 of ~) Bringing to a conclusion, finishing.
Wax, or clay, with which any thing is sealed. The end of any
thing. Khutam, A seal, a seal-ring. -

pace (a horse); standing with one foot alternately up.
a & khabibat, A track of sand. A strip of cloth. A slice
of meat. The hair of a two-year-old camel.
a 3-3-khabiyat, Hidden. A treasure. A lurking-place.
A -- khabit, Any thing despised.
A -- khabis, (fem. &r-) Impure, wicked, base, malig
nant. &r- t arwh-i khabsat, The infernal spirits.
a u-khabisi, Impurity. A malignant woman.
P J- khabidan, To chew. To trample upon, to beat or
wear with the feet. To grow old or inveterate. To seize, to
snatch. To roast, boil, fry. To break. To abscond. To retire.
A cyl-3-khitn (from c-), Calling a convivial meeting on
account of a marriage or a circumcision. Such a meeting. The
place of circumcision either in boy or girl. J-,-- sunnat-i
khitan, The rite of circumcision-feasts.
A &-khitanat, The same as the above.
A *** khata-i-, (pl. of 3-3- khatiaat) Thumb-stalls.
A -- khatat, Langour, enervation of the body.
AA+ khatr (from 2-), Deceiving perfidiously. Being dis.
turbed, disordered from drinking (the intellect).
A --- Khutrub, Name of a demon.
A &A- khatrabat (from c-o), Cutting in pieces.

r 8.xx~ khabidah, Crooked. Strangled. Khubidah, Name A *2+ khatrashat, The noise made by a locust in eating.

of a thorny plant. -

A - khatra, Wormwood of Pontus. A kind of mug-wort.

r2: khabir or khibyar, Weighed. Counted. Prepared. A **** khatrafat (from - Q), Striking. Cutting, paring.
Twisted.
A **** khatramat (from ** Q); Keeping silence from fear.
Ayr khabir, Knowing, acquainted with, informed. Skilful.
A farmer. A digger of wells. A plant (as the produce of the A s- khata (from s-), Travelling. Going right in the
earth). Camel's hair. The foam of a camel. Baldness. dark (a guide with travellers). Khutae, Skilful (guide).
P y-khabirah, Sum total. Arranged. Twisted. A sand-hill. A 5, s- Khattarat (from A- 9), Vanishing, disappearing.
pe, As s-khabirah shudan, To arm one's self. To muster. Pr-Khataraj, Purslain.
Aj khabiz, The purple mallow. A J-- khati (and e-- khattn) (from J-3-), Deceiving,
P *}:- khabizah, Ivy. A winding, twisting. Coiled together. circumventing. Seizing by stratagem (as the wolf his prey).
c, r- khabizah shudan, To arm one's self. (CASTELLUs.) Khitl, A covering. The form or lurking-place of a hare.
p e- Khatlan, Name of a district in Badakhshn.
A U2: khabis, A kind of sweetmeat.
p G- Khatlanz (or J- khatli), Belonging to the country
A cr-khabin (from c-), Laughing through thenose.
r Jr.-- khubin (or cr-khupin), A wooden dish. of el-Khatlan. An excellent horse bred there.
p Js khap, Silence. Khup, Earthen jars (of all sizes, with A s- khatm (from ~), Sealing. Concluding. Finishing,
or without handles, for wine, oil, ointment, and the like).
reading the entire Kurn, 24% &\;= & !!! ** khatamallah
P w- khaparah, Active, nimble, dexterous.
tawkibahu bi'l khayr, May God end his days in happines'
P - khapak, A fold for cattle.
Khatam, Sealing-wax. End, conclusion.
r &six khapchah or khipchah, A straight branch of a tree. A --~~ khatamt, (pl. of -- khatam) Terminations, ends.
P * khapak, A large loaf. Strangulation. Wexation.
JA .*& khatamt-i kurn, Recitations of the wh
P * khapwah or khapiwah, Sum total. A heap of sand. A Kurn (for the souls of the dead, or in any other act of devotion).
multitude of men. A & Khatmat, A sealing. An epilogue.
P J- khapidan, To be crooked.
A c-khatn (from c-), Circumcising (a male or female).
r s khapidah, Bent. Lying down and sleeping. Diminishing. Acting unjustly. Khutn or khutun, Relationship
 _5-
: by the wife's side. Khatan, The nearest relation to a woman
(as father or brother). A son-in-law. A circumcision-feast.
reas Khutan, Tartary; also a certain district of that country.
pr khatambar (or s:- khatnabirah), A miser. One
who knows much and makes no use of it. A trifling vain fellow,
who boasts of wealth and affects distinctions which he has not.
A & khutnat, Circumcision. Circumcision-fees.
A 5-3-khatic (from 23), Changing colour. Becoming broken
Twist
with grief or indisposition. Restraining or prohibiting.
ing or plaiting certain parts of one's clothes by way of ornament.
p;3 khuti, A reed. The horn of a rhinoceros. The tooth
or bone of a viper. A Chinese bird, of whose bones they make
handles to knives, which, being dipt into any victuals suspected
to be poisoned, are said to have the very singular virtue of im
mediately discovering it.
P &;-- khaticnah, The habit of a religious mendicant.
A J- khatawtal, Elegant, facetious, witty.
PJ: khatur, A reed, a cane.
A}}< khatar, A deceiver. Perfidious.
A &;-- khutia (from 8-23-), Travelling. Going right in the
dark (a guide with travellers).
A 35-3- khutanat, Relationship on the side of the wife.
A c--: khatit, Base, vile. Unlucky. Languid, infirin.
A 2-3 khatir or khittir, A deceiver. Treacherous.
ry: khatirah, A shepherd's double scrip.
A --> khatigat, A thumb-stall of leather, worn by archers.
A --& khus, A camel abounding in milk. Khuss, Any rub
bish carried down or left by a stream. Dry sea-weed.
Aj khusr, Remains of food upon a table.
A '- khusrim, One who forbodes evil. Thick-lipped.
, A & Khussat, A handful of sticks, a faggot. Camels' dung.
AA+ khusr (from 23-), Becoming thick. Being confounded,
disturbed (mind). Being mixed (folk). Remaining in a rural
abode, and not going out with the others in quest of provisions.
AV+& khusara, (pl. of A- khsir) (Men) mixed together.
Ar- khisaabat, (A camel) abounding in milk.
A 5*- khasarat, A disappearance, a vanishing out of sight.
A *s- khastam, A lion.
A& khastamat, Reddish (ass). Staining the body with confounded. Being cheerful. Being insolent and purse-proud.
blood (applied particularly, when people, entering into any im Sounding with the buzzing of flies (a field). Khajil, Modest,
portant agreement, kill and eat together some animal, and, mix bashful. (A place) luxuriant with herbage.
ing sweet herbs with the blood, dip their hands into it by way of A &\s khajlat, Bashfulness.
solemn confirmation).
A & khaslat and khasalat, The lower part of the belly be
tween the navel and the pubes.
A ** khasam, Thickness of the nose or top of the ear.
A & khusmat, Shortness in a bull's nose.
AJ33-khusr (or 93-khusiarat) (from A+), Becoming thick
(milk). Thickness, consistency of any liquid.
590 _2=-&-
A L khasy, khasa', or khisy, Dung (of oxen).
A < khasis, A collection.
* khaj, Diligence, endeavour.
P
ag. khajj (from * khaja) Driving. Cleaving. Being
twisted. Striking the foot on the ground. Coition.
A ls- khaja-a (from Uss-), Knowing (a woman).
A sus- khuja-at, A man who marries many wives. Corpu
lent, heavy, stupid. An old man taking a wife.
A 3-[s khajjjat, Stupid (man). Tall. Thick-boned.
(Wind) blowing continually.
P3,\ss- khajarah or khujrah, A little. Weak. Buffoonery.
A jus khij, (pl. of -i-s khaji) Thin, slender.
A JUs khijlat (from Js), Being ashamed, confounded.
Abounding with grass (land). Shame, bashfulness, modesty.
P Jls khijlzdan, To embrace, to surround, to encircle.
P 3,\s- khujawah, A voice, a sound.
P s khajt and khujt, Concupiscence.
P * * khaj khaj, Effort, exertion, diligence.
A ***** khajkhajat (from A* q), Blowing hard (wind).
Being sad. Lying hid. Shrugging from fear. Walking fast.
A s- khajar, The smell of the nether parts. Khijirr, Vora
cious. Knavish, cowardly.
P s khujast, A mode in music. Fortunate, happy.
P ex-s khujastagi, Auspiciousness.
P &-s khujastah, Happy, fortunate, auspicious, blessed.
A flower yellow without and black within. 32A 4-s- 2529 :
nato rus-i khujastah-burz, The happy beginning of the spring
or new year.
P2.3T &-s- khujastah-khtar, Of happy stars,
* Us. 4-s khujistah-pay, Happy arrival. (GLADw1N.)
P &-s khujastah-ra-y, Name of a certain vazir.
P <-s Khujastal urjn, Having a happy conclusion.
P U-s khajash (or * khajuch), The scrofula.
A -s kha, Lightness. Levity, inconstancy,
P cs khajak, A hole made with the point of the finger or
a stick. A pearl in the eye. The tike.
A J- khajal (from J), Being modest, bashful, ashamed,
P J s khajlat-kash, Overspread with bashfulness.
r x-s khujand, Mallows. Fortunate. In Turkistan.
p six-s- Khujandah, Name of a city in Turkistan.
f := khuj, A lark.
A Blowing violently, a whirlwind.
** Khajj,
A U-35 khajja' (or *** khajja-a), Long-footed.
ra, s khijawlah, A blister on the hand or foot.
 \e
P Js khjldan, To embrace.
P e-s khajidan, To assemble, to meet.
Prs khijir or khujir, Handsome, comely.
A i-s khaji, Lightness, levity. Thin, slender.
p J, s khachkl, A beggar.
P *** khachmkh, A fire-steel; also the bag.
P a- * khakh khakh, Study, labour, or endeavour thou.
Well done! bravo! A pulsation.
A *** khakham, A high priest of the Jews.
A 3-khadd (from A- khadda), Cutting furrows, trenching.
A road. A fissure in the ground. A cheek. y&x" A- khaddu'l
gazr, The maidens' cheek, (met.) The anemone.
A \,\ khad, Horse-worms, bots.
p\,\! Khud or Khod, God. Master, owner. *A*- Gri
Jj Jhazrat khud-i bi zawl, The Almighty God without end.
regA |<- Khud-farin, God the creator.
p f 'As. khud-gh, Knowing God.
A --|x+ khaddb, A liar, an impostor.
pe, "As khud-burd, Whither are you bound?
p :- - Khud-bandah, Name of a king of Persia.
PCs. |A khud-parasti, Divine worship.
P J-F |A& khud-tars, Fearing God. Virtuous.
A glas khadaj, Name of a bird that feedeth on fish.
(from z), Casting her foal (a camel). An imperfect work.
p :- "As khud-j, Seeking God.
Pl-'As. khud-haiz, God preserve you ! adieu.
p e);-la- Khud-kh'an, The fore-finger (because they hold
it up when confessing their faith).
A cls khidad, A mark burned on the cheek.
p >|-> \,\ khud-dd, (Deodatus) granted by God; a proper
name. Name of the state governed by Tippoo Sultn, late sove
reign of Mysore. Name of the founder of a sect.
P J.'" |As khud-dn, The knowledge of God.
AAA- khadar, Name of a shrub.
rye- khudara, For Gods sake.
A 3,4- khadarat, Modesty, chastity.
A eyla- khadarin, (pl. of C- khadarnak) Male spiders.
A l- khudry, Black (camel); dark (place); black (cloud).
a & Meg khudriyat, Black (camel); dark (night). An eagle.
A Ls- khidsh, (111 of Ut-) Excoriating. Scratching,
wounding with the nails. Jlas"> abu'l khdsh, A cat.
ru- |33 khud-shinas, Knowing God, righteous.
A t- khdt, (111 of ***) Deceiving, studying to circum
vent. Fraud, treachery, deceit, perfidy. Khaddz, An egre
gious impostor. (A year) producing little grain.
P ej |As khud-firshn, Hypocrites. (Burhn-i ktie.)
A & Wes khadalat, Plumpness in the arms and legs.
a glas khidn, (pl. of 233 khadamat) Circles of leather. |
600 _y
Leathern ornaments worn on the ancle, Khuddn, (pl. of *
khadim) Ministers, domestics, servants.
P -c "A+ khud-mashrab, Religious, pious.
A c-khidn, (111 of ex- not in use) Being friendly to,
F & 33 leg khuda na khstah, God forbid!
re','A-Khudwn, The fore-finger.
Pyle- khudwar, A lord, a possessor, a prince.
**:A+ khudwand, A king, a prince. A lord, a master. A
possessor, a man of great authority. JV. AA- khudawand-i
ml, A possessor of riches. &\s- 2,4- khudawand-i khnah,
The master of the house. --~~~ .*.* khudwand-i nigmat,
(lit. Beneficent master) A form of address to superiors. Rich,
rej *A*- khudawand-zd, A prince.
rjla- Khudawandigar, The creator of the world. The
Lord, author and perfector of every thing. A king, a great man.
P9&la-Khudwandigri (also isla khudsan),
A sovereignty, a principality. Royal, regal, imperial, princely.
Pu- |A& khud-himmat?, Religious zeal.
P J- khuday, (Self-existent) God.
Pl. khudaya, O God!
P 2 **** khuday bar to, A form of administering an oath.
P Jlas- khud-i takla', The most high God.
Khid;
A s"A- khada-ie, (pl of &A- khadiat) Frauds, deceils,
P Je: khdyagn, A powerful lord. Happy, opulent.
P Ja khudayaganj, Great, lordly.
P J'As. khuda-7, Divinity. Divine.
* cl Khud-yn, The followers of Khud did.
r- s"> Khud-i rahm, A kind of food given to the poor
in completion of a vow.
* A -->< khadb (from c-As), Striking (with a sword), cutting
through the skin and flesh. Khadab (from c-), Biting (as a
serpent). Lying, deceiving. Being long. Going fast, Tall
ness and stupidity. Khidabb, Thick, corpulent (man).
A "** khadb, Tall, foolish (woman). A soft coat of mail.
*** Khaddat, A cheek. Khuddat, Acheek. A furrow, a
trench, a pit, a well.
AJ& khadr (from J&s-), Being separated from the bevy (a
hind). Sitting behind the veil or curtain (as women in the east
concealed from the view of men). Standing (amongst the peo:
ple). Khidr, A veil, a curtain. The women's apartments. The
back or interior part of a house. A lurking place, a den. Kha
dar (from JA-), Being benumbed (the limbs). Being very
black (the eye). Being wet (the day). A torpor of the limbs,
Rain. Khadir, Wet (day). Benumbed (limb).
A ** khadrazat (from 8 ye-o), Making haste.
A cy-khadarnak, A large male spider.
Py-khadrah, A spark of fire. A bit, a scrap.
A x-khudariy, Black (camel); dark (place); black(cloud).
 * *
re
g, scratching with
A U-23 khadsh (from Lx), Excoriating
the nails. A vestige, a mark. Khadish, Alarm. (GLADw1N.)
A & 33-khadshah, Fear, alarm. Danger. Doubt, question.
Apprehension, solicitude. (Hunter.)
A 8- khad or khide (from 89-), Deceiving, circumvent
ing, leading astray, being insidious. Entering into a place, with
drawing. Taking back or retaining after giving. Not meet
ing with a ready sale (merchandize). Overcoming (as sleep
the eye). Drying in the mouth (spittle). & 5 *** Jl
aftl-i khadi wa bade, Acts of fraud and innovation. Khadae,
Wily (dragon). Misleading (road). A vapour floating over a
plain. Khadia, A deceiver, a beguiler.
A c- khadaat also khudaat (from 89-), Deceiving. An
impostor, a cheat. One who is cheated, a gull. The means by
which a person is imposed upon. Fraud, imposture. &co- ~~
al harbu khudaatun, War is fraud, i.e. stratagem is necessary in
war. , Khudaeat, A deceiver. That by which one is taken in.
**** khudah-gar, An impostor.
A -533- khadf (from -3.x-), Walking fast, with short quick
steps. Being delighted or feasted. Snowing. Khida, (pl. of
&#9-khidfat) Patches or pieces inserted in shirts, gores.
A JA- khadk (from J-), Voiding dung (a bird).
r 33 khadak, A bridge. Khudak, A magistrate.
a JAG khadal, Plumpness in the arms and legs.
A lo-khadl (or J33-), A woman plump in the arms and legs.
A -la-khidlib, An old languid camel.
A *s khadiabat, A dull languid pace.
a six khadalajat, (khadallijat or slas khadalakha),
A plump woman, especially in the legs and arms.
#A es. khadama, (fut. **: Jakhdumu) He served.
A ** khadam, (pl. of re- khadim) Servants, domestics,
retinue. P **-j- $j, shah-cada-i hur-khadam, A prince
attended by the virgins of paradise, i. e. a deceased prince, of
happy memory.
A \,\ khadma, (fem. of **) akhdam) White-legged sheep.
A Vx-khadamt, (pl. of 3.23 khadamat) Strong leathern
straps. Khidmt or khidamt, (pl. of & c-khidmat) Services.
A *** khidmat (from ^*), Serving. Service, employment,
office, ministry. J &c & khidmat baki, The service remains
(in my heart), i. e. I shall never be unmindful of the favour.
Khadamat, Alady's bracelet, also an ornament for the ancle, made
of leather, and adorned with gold, silver, or jewels. A circle
of men. A strap which fastens a leathern shoe on a camel's foot.
(pl. of e- khdim) Servants, domestics.
PJe: khidmat-gr, A male domestic who waits at table.
P** khidmat-gari, Service, attendance, ministry.
pJs. khidmat-guzr, A servant. Forward, obliging.
p ves. khidmati, A magnificent present, such as is presented
* to great men. (Burhn-i ktit).
601 _j
r gree- khadamraj, A camel-guider. (CASTELLUs.)
A cy- khidn, A friend. A girl, a servant.
A & khudanat, A friend to mankind. -
F & 333 khadang, The white poplar, a tree from which they
manufacture bows, arrows, and saddle-trees. A bow or arrow
made of it. A hedge-hog. A crab.
P 3.x- khudu, Spittle.
A Q-M3 khudud, (pl. of A- khadd) Cheeks.
A_3\- khudur, (pl. of y-khidr) Curtains.
A U-23- khudush (from U-23-), Excoriating. Scratching.
r 3* Khudak, Weariness, irksomeness, vexation, plague.
Anger, indignation. Envy. Shame, contempt.
A sa-khady (or J-khadayn) (from $34), Travelling
fast (a camel).
A. ga- khadzj, An abortion (of a camel).
A 3-x-Khadijat, Name of Muhammad's first wife.
P_2< khadir, Beauty, goodness, amiableness, cheerfulness.
A *A*- khadirat, A modest retired woman.
P_-A- Khudaysir, Name of a district in Turkistan.
P J-khadish also khudish, A king. A mighty man. A
householder. The mistress of a family.
A ** khaditat (from 89-), Deceiving. Fraud, fallacy.
A ** khadim, A servant.
A c- khadin, A friend.
P:A+ khadw, khidw, and khudzw, A king, a great prince,
a sovereign. A benevolent excellent man. A master, a posses
sor, a rich man. A friend. A.'s 23:33. The king of India.
r_j khidzwar, A great prince. The phoenix of the age.
P &A- khidyah, Annexed, added, joined.
A 34 khuz, (imperative of 33-) akhaza) Take thou.
A 3- khazz, The issuing of blood from a wound.
A J)& khuzarik, A purgative salt water.
A #934. Khasiri, (pl. of -j khuzrif q.v.)
A *A* khazarim, Rags, bits of cloth.
A J'3- khazzak, A species of fish.
A "3+ khazlat, Plumpness in the arms and legs.
A 393- khizrf, A certain salt and bitter plant.
A J93- khazrak, One who has a fit of purging.
A 3/3+ khuzrat (and j- khuzrf), A swift-going beast
of burthen. A troop of camels. The vibration of lightning.
Any thing fastened to the end of a string which boys whirl round
with velocity, and cause to make a hissing or whizzing sound.
A 33,33- khazrafat (from 393-0), Walking fast. Filling (a
vase). Whetting (a sword), Mutilating in the extremities.
A3,33- khazrakat (from Jo q), Voiding dung.
A c-khazarnak, A large male spider.
P 85,33- khizarnah, A spider.
P 93.3 khizrah, A spark of fire.
A c-khazrik, Suffering from a diarrhoea.
4 H

\;=
A 3+ khaz
(from ***), Cutting, mincing, hashing.
A 3-3- khaziabat (from --~~3-9), Cutting.
A Je- khizil, A foolish woman.
A &;-&- khuzeubat, A segment, a slice.
A 33 khazf (from -533-), Throwing (a stone).
A 3,33- khafarat, A rag, a bit of cloth.
A J33-kha:k (from J&), Voiding dung (a bird). Egging,
spurring, goading forward (a beast). Dung.
A J33- khazl (and J- khizln) (from J33-), Disappoint
ing, withholding assistance. Remaining behind the herd (a doe).
Staying with her young (a beast). Being weak. Khazl, Fat.
r J3- khusul, A medicine, a simple.
A J3- khizlan, Weakness. Abandonment, desertion.
A 3.33 khazlabat, A weak, languid pace.
A&J& khuzalat (also J}< khazil), A deserter of friends.
**): &J33- khuzalat wa ashkiy, Robbers and vagabonds.
A &J33-khazlamat (from C- Q), Walking fast.
A ^* khazm (from **), Cutting. Khazam (from ^3+),
Being liberal. Khazim, Swift (horse). Liberal.
Going fast.
A \,\ khazm, (A mountain-goat) slit-nosed.
A 5,333 khazanfarat, A woman speaking through the nose.
A 23-khazio (from 23-), Being loose, flabby, pendulous.
A33- khuzu-a (from **), Submitting to (another).
A \,3- khazw, Flagging-eared (ass). Pendulous (ear).
A 5.33 khazi.f. (An ass) going fast and scattering gravel;
also very fat, the navel almost touching the ground.
P 33- khaziak or khuzk, Anger. A threat. Terror in
spired from threats. Passionate.
A J:34 khazl, (A doe) remaining behind the rest.
A 2,3- khazm, (An ostrich) going swiftly.
A "s-khazy (from 53-), Being loose, hanging down. Be
ing humble-minded, of a subdued spirit.
A 3x3- khazitat, A dish of hashed meat.
P 33 khiziw, A great prince. A name of God. r_<!-
r_< khar, (s &R) An ass. Black, viscous clay. A swamp. res khard,
The bridge of a violin, (imp. of Jj kharidan) Buy thou. certain king. Je <!- kharrd-mihr, Name of a fire-temple.
The commonest of its kind; as <--> khar-sang, A rough
stone. 9," A. khar-amrd, An ill-flavoured pear. J 2 Ay- kharrr, Murmuring (stream).
khar-i tambur, The peg of a guitar. U-59 A khar-i dashti, J- khararsh, A tumult, a rumour.
The wild ass. J-e J- khar-i &isa', The ass of Jesus. (met.)
A solitary hermit. **~ * 2- khar-i ba tashdd, Doubly an
ass, very stupid. Khir, (imp. of Jj khiridan), Buy thou.
A cloud. Khur, The sun. Convenient, proper, worthy.
Aj-kharr (from A-kharra), Falling. Falling down in worship.
Khurr, The hole in the mill through which the corn drops.
A 5-khur-a, Dung.
r),3- khiri (from e- khiridan), Buying.
A $4,- khara-at (from &), Going to stool.
P y- kharb, Deserted. Overcome by wine.
602 \,-
A-,+ kharb, Ruin, desolation. Destroyed, deserted, de
populated, spoiled. Miserable. Pey. -j- kharb shudan,
To be spoilt, ruined, or desolate. A Khurb, A crowd, a meet.
ing. Khurrb, (pl. of ~\-khrib) Thieves, camel-stealers.
P &\,\,- khurbbah, Water strained, or oozing through any
dike, bank, or mound. (CASTELLUs.)
P <2\,\,- kharbt, A tavern. A gaming-house. A brothel.
A <-,+ kharbt, (pl. of 3,3- kharabat) Devastations.
P J- kharabati, A haunter of taverns and brothels.
A J ~);- kharb-batin, Evil disposition. (GLADwin.)
A &\,- kharbat, Devastation, ruin. Depraved, bad, r, j
c- &\,- duzd-i kharbah-nishin, A robber skulking among
ruins. A Khirabat, (from ~~) Stealing (camels). Khurbat,
The socket of the hip-bone. Khurrbat, (pl. of ~}} khrib)
Camel-stealers.
P & S- -,+ kharb-khastah, Ruined, desolated.
A J- kharabil, (pl. of Jj khirbl) Foolish old women.
P &\,- khurbah, A draught of water. Name of a root.
A Jy kharb, Ruin, desolation. Depravity, mischief.
A 2. kharat, Name of a star.
A ce), khurt, (pl. of 5,3 khuricat) Human excrements.
A ze- kharatani, Two stars so named.
P -- kharatagim, A kind of armour.
ty- kharaj, A pimple or other eruption. Tribute,
A
revenue. J zy- kharaj-i ml, A tax upon effects. r.
J- kharaj-i sar, A poll-tax. A rare zy- kharaj-i misr, Sugar.
Sugar-candy. A kiss. *A*z, * kharaj-guzr, A tributary.
Being tributary. A Khiraj, (111 of z_*) Casting lots with the
fingers. Tribute, tax. Khurj, A pimple. Kharji, A word
used in the game c- kharij. Kharrj, Ingenious, skilful,
r- khurj, Scrofula. Any kind of protuberance.
A &-y- kharajah, The leading word in a sentence.
A -y- kharaj7, (Lands) subject to taxation.
kharakhar, Snoring.
A kite. Khard also Kharrd, N* of a
<!- khard, A lathe. (HUNTER.) See 2,3-.
A -
P
r xy-- kharrah, A sob. The noise of a waterfall.
Ajs- kharrz, An awl. A cobbler.
P *}\,- kharazah, Membrum virile.
P L-A- kharis, A horse or ass-mill; also the *
A L-A- kharras, A maker or seller of jars.
P e-A- Khursn or Khorsn, An extensive andnoble count -
try, the ancient Bactriana, lying to the north of the river Jayh"
PU-,- kharastar, Noxious reptiles. AN,
P ~);-- L-y- khars-kharb, The firmament. (Burlias)
-
P 4-,- kharasah, A horse or ass-mill.
 \,-
| ||
, ls A. e-A- khurasiy, A native of Khursn.
P J.A. kharash, Anything torn, destroyed, and useless. Rot
nt ten fruit. Khirsh, Piercing, scratching, tearing (with the nails
or thorns). Excoriated, torn. Fallen, abject, rejected. Anything
despicable. Lty- Jo di-khirsh, Piercing the heart. Asis.
U}~ & khanjar-isinah-khirsh, A heart-stabbing dagger.
Ly J- khirsh-tarsh, Performance, completion.
A U}< khirsh, (III of L-) Scratching, irritation. An
oblong mark made upon camels. JA: 24% kalb-i khirsh,
An angry growling cur.
rej Lys- khirshndan, To cause to scratch.
A &\,- khurshat, A scale or filing of iron. A small debt.
- Puy~ khrashish, A scratch.
A t- kharshit, (pl. of &-,+) Ridges of mountains.
A J- kharashiy, (pl. of Ls-) Serpent's sloughs. Foams.
P J- khirshidan, To scratch. To shave, to smooth.
AJey- kharras, A liar.
AA-khirt (from 2,3-), Being stubborn. Kharrt, A turner.
A*,3- khirtat, The art of turning.
A *A- khartim, (pl. of *2,~ khurtum) Noses, or the fore
parts of them. Khurtim, An elderly woman.
A J- kharat?, A turner. Turned.
P *A. khartim, (pl. of *** khurtium) Noses. Trunks
of elephants. Chiefs of the people. Wines.
A c- kharatin, An earth-worm.
A &\;= khura, The raging humour of a she-camel.
A&ey- khareat, Looseness, wickedness. Liberty, immunity.
Khurrtat, The smell of the she-camel.
A --~~);s kharitib, (pl. of &ze, kharabat) Lovely girls,
with small bones and beautiful skins.
A y- khiri, (111 of -5,-) Spending the autumn with
another. (pl. of -5,-- kharif) Foals six or seven months old.
A <2\,- khurfat, (pl. of &\,-- khurfat) Fables, stories,
romances, ludicrous sayings, farrago, nonsense.
A&#y- khurfat, A fable, an entertaining tale. Malice, de
traction, falsehood. Name of a man.
A *A-
khurfaj, Affluence, comfort.
re *\,- kharak kardan, To snore.
P s- kharm, Good news. Khiram, Good news, joyful
tidings. Joy, gladness. Waving, 55 walking
5? easy air. Pace,
stately gait. A beautiful woman. A self-complacent devotee.
Hospitality. J* s- c birn khirm shudan, To walk a
great way off. s- js p-i na ham war-khiram, Walk
ing with distorted feet. *A*- khush-khirm, Walking ele
gantly, J *}- 2^je tazm-i khirm kardan, To enter on a
journey. Jy *\,- cj mawziin khirm raftan, To walk
with a measured step, with gravity and dignity. -
P Js- khirmn (or **-s- khirmandah), Walking pom
* Pously, ej, J- khirmn shudan, To walk, to march.
603 (+)-
Pej t- khirmndan, To cause to walk.
PJ- Kharmakn, A kind of fragrant plant.
Pe- Khirmdan, To walk gracefully. To walk. To
swing, to rock a cradle.
re-,+ khirmn, A kind of provender.
P e';* khirn or khirrn, Obedient, obsequious.
rjy- kharmbar, A meeting on business. A number of
men assembled at the house of one woman. Tumult, discord.
A culprit who is made to ride on an ass through the city.
P Ut- Kharnjash, Name of a wrestler in Turkistan.
A c- kharnik, (pl. of C- khirnik) Leverets. Tanks.
P e- khirndan, To cause to buy.
P c- kharhan, A kind of provender.
Pers),- kharithin, An earth-worm. A maw-worm,
A ,-- khard-id (pl. of 3&A kharidat) Modest virgins.
A - khard-i, The fruit of the palm estimated by guess.
P <<!- kharyak (also <<!- kharyag) Unploughed
land. Land dug or tilled. A root. Ice.
A -,+ khurb, The base of a sand-hill. The socket of the
hip-bone. A round hole. Kharab (from 2,3-), Lying waste,
ruined, uncultivated. Being pierced, bored (as an ear). A male
bustard. Kharib, Desolate (place).
P ej,+ khar-bzn, A game resembling leap-frog.
A Ls khirbsh, Confusion.
A Jys. khirbk, Wind in the belly. A proper name.
P J- khar-ban, An ass-driver or owner.
A es. khirbn, (pl. of ~~~ kharab) Male bustards.
A &- kharbat or khurbat, A hole made in the ear. Khur
bat, The socket of the hip-bone. A wallet-handle. A round hole.
P ,-- kharbat (or 4-5-), A goose. Stupid, silly (man).
a y-khurabid, Thick oxygal or sour milk.
*}}< kharbuz (or 9,- kharbuzah), A melon, a cucumber.
s $2,3- kharbuza-i rbh, The bitter purging apple. SAA
Js kharbuza-i hindi, The squash.
r & A kharbusah, The projecting eaves of a house.
A U-j- kharbasis, Hard (ground). Something.
A &t-kharbashat (from Ut-o), Spoiling (a book).
P <<-A- kharbashk, kharbishk, kharbushk, A blacksmith.
A &aj- kharbasat (from Jay-o), Lighting upon a pasture,
and falling to with greediness. Carrying away money received.
A young woman, handsome and accomplished in mind.
A Lara, kharbasis, Particles glittering amongst sand. A
small lean camel. An ear-ring. A gold knob. A kind of grain.
A&araj- kharbasisat, Something. A glass bead.
ra,3- khar-bat, A fat goose. An ideot. Stupid. A wild
man, a hairy demon resembling the human form. Dishonest.
P & aj kharbatah, Facetious, one who promotes laughter.
A G-kharbak, (Pers. Kharbuk) Hellehore. F * G
kharbuk-i sapd, White hellebore. *- Jj kharbuk-i si
4 H 2
 .. 5.3
&_- 604 25

yh, The black poplar. Ivy, or any thing similar. A kind of
small lettuce, with red fruit.
A &A- kharbakat (from c- 9), Rending (a garment).
Cutting (anything) piecemeal. Spoiling (ones work).
A c, kharbakayn, (dual) The two hellebores.
P *A- kharbalah, A water-wheel. A chest, a closet.
r s-khar-bandah, An ass-owner, a muleteer. Leap-frog.
*_\,-,-- kharbunwr (3'-j- kharbunwz, j-kharbuz,
kharbitraz, or j- kharbwz), A large bat.
p_x>- kharbr or khurbr, A large bat. An owl.
r-kharbzah, A melon, a cucumber.
P *A*-2- kharchrah, An ass's head placed upon a pole in a
garden, to guard it, as they suppose, from malignant eyes.
P c-> kharchakug (or c-> kharchalug), Name
of a herb (the use of which increases women's milk).
P <--> khar-chang, A crab. Cancer. A kind of herb.
r & A- kharchah, A marginal note.
f 4-3-khurchinah, The comb of a bird.
Ajs-> kharkhar, Flowing water.
r x,\-J: khar khwind, Master, owner, possessor (spoken
contemptuously). (HUNTER.)
P ex~ khurkhujiyun, The night-mare.

r & kharabah, Desolate, laid waste. (Burhn-i ktie.)
A J- khirbil, A foolish or an old woman.
r &&. A khar-pushtah, (Ass's back) a sharp roof. A tomb.
A tent. A whetstone. Flame. Bole armoniac. A breastplate.
r 4-4-khar-pashah, A fly, a gad-fly.
P s- khar-pay, The heel.
A c-khart (from ~~), Boring, drilling. Khirt (from
,-), Being skilful in pointing out the road. Khurt, The
eye of a needle. A hole. The orifice of the ear. A small rib.
The breast-button of harness.
P SA- khartuk, Glass beads worn as amulets.
P <-- Khartang, Name of a village near Samarkand.
p c-khar-tilt, A wild mulberry-tree. An old woman.
A \;= kharsa, A woman loose-fleshed, and large round the
r_<!-- kharkhar, A doubling. Doubled. A cupola. An
upper parlour. Khar khar or khur khar, The purring of a cat.
A_--> khirkhir, Soft, delicate (man).
A !--- kharkhara, Snoring. (HUNTER.)
A 5,-,-- kharkharat (from ,-,-- 9), Snoring. Rattling (one
strangled). Penetrating the ground (water). A sort of aloe.
r sys-/- kharkharah, A curry-comb. c *>> kharkha
rah kardan, To curry (a horse).
r 4->> kharkhasah, An owl tied by the leg as a lure.
r 3-->> kharkhisht, or kharkhusht, A wine or oil-press.
P & s-kharkhishah, A tumult, a crowd. A boxing-match.
A dispute, quarrel, wrangling. Anxiety. A decoy.
A --> kharkhub, A camel giving milk plentifully, but
soon ceasing. -

hypochondria or short ribs. rjs-> khar-khiyr, A cucumber. An ass-radish.

A A- khurs), Utensils of the meanest sort. r_>> Kharkhiz, Name of a city in Khatay; also of a stuff.
>kAz_- kharaja, (fut. z --Jakhruju) He went out. p > khard or kharrad, Black viscous clay. A muddy place.
Kharad, Solder. Khirad, Understanding, judgment, intellect,
A g_- kharj, Revenue, tribute, tax, duty. Produce (of wisdom. Jr. se- ,9}- khirad-i khurdah-bin, A quick genius,
land). The price or hire of any thing. Outgo, charge. Ex
a mind seeing minute objects. 9,- us bi khirad, Uninformed.
pense, cost. Clouds just appearing. A river overflowing its
9,-- xe dandanh-i khirad, The wisdom-teeth.
banks. J zA kharj-i kail, Parsimony. z_-A), wair
A 9,-- khard (from 9,4-), Being bashful; keeping silence, or
kharj, Great expense. g., - J.S. wakil-i kharj, A steward, a speaking in a low tone from modesty. Khurrad or khurud, (pl.
maitre-d'hotel. re zy- kharj kardan, To expend. To
of A. A kharid and 5*,3- kharidat) Modest women, virgins.
go or rush out. y. z - kharj-i yargh, Horse-apparatus. re- khord or khurd, Minute, little, small. Young. The
A Khurj, A cloak-bag, portmanteau, saddle-bags. Kharaj, Tri hole (of the ear). J, Q, khurd-murd, Trifles, minutia.
bute, revenue. A mixture of black and white. P eles- khurdd, Giving light. Name of the third Persian
r & A- khurj, Saddle-bags. A cock's comb. Outlay. month; also of the sixth day of the month. Name of an angel.
A. \-> kharja, (fem. of z- akhraj) Black and white. p > 9,-- khirad-parwar, Fostering wisdom.
P JA- kharjal (or J-), A blue crow, a bustard. A fish. P - 9,-- khirad-pasand, Commendable.
A -A- khirajat (pl. of z- khurj), Wallets, saddle-bags. rje, - khurdtar, Smaller.
P *\- e-khurd-kham, Being ground small. Trituration.
Khurajat, One who goes much out of doors. P e- 2,~ khurd-khn, Dispersed, scattered, dissipated.
P &--> kharjastah, War. Contention. A republic.
P -e eyes- khurd-dast, The wrist. Fraud. A cut-purse.
p J-j- kharjal, A sort of bird. A locust without wings. A kind of children's play of joining hands, and other manoeuvres"
P L- kharji, Travelling-expenses.
P je;- khardar, A kite.
p J- kharjidan, To moistenor anoint the eyes. To weep. P ** A- khar dargalah, An independant tribe. -

P c- kharjik (or c-), An extensive desert. r JV f khurd-sl, A youth of tender years. 3 J- 9;&
res- khurjin, A portmanteau, saddle-bags. U*.* < In years a youth, in judgment an old man.
 j-
:
rj}- 22 khirad-sz, Consuming the understanding or rea- pearls, glass beads, coq-de-perle, or things similar (especially
* son (grief or study). Exquisite beauty. Name of a fire-temple. such as are hung round the neck to avert malignant eyes). jj
r 24, khar-dashti, The onager or wild ass. J) kharazu'2' zahar, The joints in the back-bone. Khuraz,
P 49- khurdak, Well-bred. Clever. (pl. of 33,4- khurzat) Stitch-holes (in a shoe or leathern bottle).
!..!.
P L* o, khirad-kshi, The practice of wisdom. A c- kharazt, (pl. of 35,3 kharazat) Shells. <-9,4
P s- khurd-gh, A small tent enclosed within a larger.
ru.93 khurdagi, Well-bred.
A J- khardal, Mustard. Mustard-seed.
t.
P J- khar-dil, A low, cowardly, ignoble fellow.
A &le;-- khardalat (from J- Q), Chopping small (meat).
P *9,3- khardamah, A bird with a melodious voice.
l
P &c.,3- khirad-mand, Wise, learned, judicious, intelligent.
T:
re-s- khirad-mandn, The wise.
P***** khirad-mandanah, Wisely, prudently.
p.s...), khirad-mandi, Wisdom, prudence.
s P J- *A khirad-manishi, A prudent disposition.
s
r 5,- khurdawt, Small-wares, trifles.
f s, khurdah, Anything small. Crumbs. The teeth. That
s part of (a horse's leg round which the fetter passes). Quickness,
smartness of wit. Criticism. Fault, blame, disgrace. A thorn.
big The rainbow. A spark of fire. The fifth book of the Zand.
Small, fine, minute. J--: so,3- A-coA- khiradmand-i khur
dah-shins, A man of the most acute understanding. C-J $3,3-
khurda-i dast, The wrist. A cut-purse. * $9,4- khurda-i
sumt, Crumbs fallen from the table. J;3% 39,- khurda-i kfur,
The stars. 33.3 $9,3- khurda-i kundur, Frankincense. $9,3-
* khurda-i mina, Brayed glass. Wine.
p ls- khurduha, Fractions in numbers. Small things.
F c 89;& khurdah-bin, Acute, penetrating. Critical.
* L 39- khurdah-bini, Subtilty of genius.
P J *9,< khurdah-dn, Sagacious, penetrating. A caviller.
* J; 39,-- khurdah-farsh, A shopkeeper, a piece-broker.
r & 39,-khurdah-gh, The instep (of a horse). That part
of a camel's breast that touches the ground when he lies down.
***** khurdah-gir, Seeking out faults; a caviller.
* r 89.3 khurdah-murdah, In pieces. Topsy-turvy.
p Js- khurdahi, A kind of bird.
* 59;& khurdi, Smallness. Infancy.
P <&e= khurdikak, Less, smaller.
game resembling blindman's buff; hot-cockles.
* Js- khurdin, Smallest, most minute, c- ,-6) P *J- khirs-giyah, Name of a herb.
angusht-i khurdin, The little finger.
A. *"SA- khurzzy, Wine.
AJSA- khirzak, Broth, soup.
A&SA- kharzalat (from JSA. J Cutting (meat) small.
****, S-khiraz-mand, Wise, learned. (CASTELLUs.)
Ajj- kharz (from 3,4-), Sewing (leather) pierced with an
** Uniting closely (the planks of a vessel). Kharaz, Small
605 C
t." kharacatu'l malik, Pearls or other gems in the royal
crown (to which one is added for every year the king reigns).
P e)}}< kharzn, The first day of the Persian year; i. e. the
vernal equinox. Seej > y roz.
A $5,3- khursat, A stitch, a hole made with the point of an
awl. Kharazat, A single shell. Ji') 35,3- kharazatu'l bakar,
A stone growing in an ox's gall.
Azj A- kharzaj, Name of a wind (blowing from the west).
P e'- Kharazdan or Kharizdan, Name of a wrestler.
P sej A khar-zadah, A beetle. Name of a flying insect
which bites the nostrils of cattle.
P j,-- kharzah, Trifles. A glass bead-maker. Penis. Kha
razah, Trappings strung with glass beads. A stone full of holes
placed near the mouth of a well.
rj}< khar-zahrah, A poisonous shrub or fruit. The colo
cynth (as being poisonous to asses, dogs, and other animals).
Wild radish, aristoloch, oleander, rododaphne, and other plants.
A venomous earth-worm about the size of the finger, and of a
blackish red colour.
P .552- kharasi, (A kharaziy) A seller of beads.
P Jjj- khar-zin, A shelf. A sort of wooden horse for put
ting a saddle upon. A bench for reclining upon. A pack-saddle.
A Ly-khars (from U-5-), Making an earthen wine-jar.
A wine-jar. Khirs, A wine-jar. Khurs, Meats prepared for
marriages. (pl. of L-A- akhras) Dumb. Kharas (from
U-,-), Drinking out of a wine-jar. Being dumb. Dumbness.
P Lj khirs, A bear.
A \- kharsa, (fem. of J- akhras) Dumb (woman).
e-A- khursan, (pl. of J- akhras) Dumb persons,
A.
rs- kharsawlah, Dirty, rusty. A lizard.
P L- khirs-base, Rudeness, romping, bear's play.
A 4-5,-- khursat, Food assisting child-birth.
F --> kharast, Filled with drink, drunk.
P J-5- khuristn, A grove of palm-trees.
r & khiristah, A leech.
P <<= khirsak, A little bear. A quilted coverlet. A
P <!-- khar-salak, A muleteer.
P *~~ kharsalah, A kind of medicine.
P A-,-- khursand, Content, satisfied, pleased. Tranquillity.
F 39-- kharsandah, Contented.
P s-> khursandi, Content, pleasure, mirth.
* <</s. khar-sang, A large rough stone. Heaps of loose
l gravel (rendering a road disagreeable to travel upon). A rival.
 2,3- 606 Gy
A Jj khursy, Belonging to Khursn. P t- khar-tab8, Stupid, like an ass. Stubborn.
rej-j- khursidan, To grow putrid (meat). A ** khurtum (or *A- khurtum), The proboscis of an

#A Uj- kharasha, (fut. Ujik: yakhrushu) He scratched. elephant. The nose. Wine that speedily intoxicates or which
A L-kharsh (from Uji-), Scratching, tearing. Search runs before the grapes have been trodden.
ing for, or procuring victuals for one's family. Drawing (a ca A J- khurtuman, Long.
mel) towards one with a crooked stick, called Jys" mikhrash. A *** khartamat (from ** q), Striking on the nose.
ru-kharash, A wild ass. Kharish, A butt for ridicule. A *A- khirtit, A coverlet painted on both sides,
Khurush, A cry, an uproar. Rubbish of sticks or thorns.
A\- khirsh, Spittle. Foam. Dust. Snake's slough. The A - khart (from & A-), Cleaving, splitting. Kharat
interior pellicle of a broken egg. Inflated and broken. {j-), Being soft, languid. Being weak (the root of a
(from
res- khurshd, (in ancient Persian) The sun. See ***. palm-tree). Languor, flabbiness. Kharit, Languid, flabby,
A s- khirshf, Rugged ground. A &res=-khartabat (or &;e;-- khurtubat), A beautiful girl,
A --~~~ khurshab, Tall, thick, and fat. with small bones, and a smooth skin.
A 6--kharshabat (from --> 0, Working carelessly. A ce, khurtib, Long and flexible, bent double. Long
A 3.93 kharashat, A kind of fly. and well-made (camel).
P J;s- khar-ghul, A hare.
1 < *; kharashtah, One who walks with a vacillating gait.
Kharishtah, An arched roof. A kind of armour. P *- kharghulah, The plantain-tree.

A 8-,-- kharshat, (pl. of ***, *) Ridges of mountains.P ex~ Khargin, Name of a city.
A **,-- kharshatat, The ridge or summit of a mountain.
A 5,-- kharf (from -3,4-), Gathering fruit (in autumn).
A&A kharshafat, Rugged grounds. Confusion in speech. Falling (the autumnal rains). Kharaf (from -5,-), Doling,
A *** khurshum, A promontory beetling o'er a valley. A The dotage of old people. Kharif, Delirious (old man).
large mountain. Thick hard soil. P 3,-- khirf, Purslain. Kharif, Languid, impotent (neither
P &A kharashah, Enmities, tumults. Anxiety. Scratched. seeing, hearing, nor knowing what he does).
r & 5,3- khurshd, The sun. A z- khirfaj, Easy circumstances, affluence.

re-- kharshin, Oscillation, vibration. Name of an inde A ex~ khirfn, (pl. of 5. A kharif) Lambs.
pendent tribe of Afghns. A ,-- khurfat, Autumnal fruit. Khuraat, A fable, an agree.
A Jea-khars, A piece of wood used in fastening the mouth able merry tale.
of a leathern bottle. Ue- } > & Je;-) la kharsun lahu wa la P c- khariftan or kharuftan, To murmur. To shore.
khirsun, He has nothing whatsoever. Khars and khirs (from A ** khurfaj (and -khirf), Affluence, comfort.
J2,3-), Guessing by the eye the produce of palm-trees. The A &-kharfajat (from *> Q), Taking much.
branch of a palm without leaves. Khars, khirs, and khurs, A
A 83;-- khurue, Fruit of the tushar tree. Carded cotton.
spear, especially the head of it. Khirs and khurs, A gold or Cotton rotten in the pods.
silver ring. Kharas (from U2-), Enduring hunger and cold.
P G3,-- khirfak, Seed of wild rue.
Kharis, Hungry and cold.
A J- khirsan, (pl. of J2,-- khars, khirs, or khurs) Rings
r &= kharfah or khurah, Purslain.
A 35-kharfiy, Autumnal (fruits).
of gold or silver. Spear-heads. Leafless palm-branches.
P *> khursawlah, Filth, rust. Filthy. A J- khark (from JA), Tearing (a garment). Plough
ing. Passing, pervading. Blowing (wind). Lying, deceiv
A by- khart (from *A-), Unbarking. Smoothing, especially
ing. A fissure, a round hole in a torn garment. A widely
in a turner's lathe. Stripping a branch of its leaves, or a cluster
tended plain swept by the wind. Ceu. ,3,3-khark- tidal,
of the grapes, by drawing the hand from one end to the other. Contrary to nature, a miracle. Khirk, Extremely liberal.
Making anything long and taper. Humbling a damsel. Purg Khurk, Asperity, unfeelingness (of heart). Laziness, sloth,
ing (a cathartic medicine). Letting loose (a falcon) after game. inertness. Kharak (from JA-), Being struck with astonish
Breaking wind. Hardening (glass). A kind of prickly tree. ment, fearful, bashful. Stupefaction (from shame or fear).
c- khartu'l katad, The difficulty of any thing. Khirt, Kharik, Fearful, bashful. Khirak, (pl. of 3-5,-khirk") Clouts.
Milk coagulating in the udders of sheep from disease. Khurt, Khuruk, (pl. of G-kharik) Level grounds, sprouting *
(pl. of *> kharit) Unmanageable (horses). Kharat (from A G,3- kharka, (fem. of J- akhrak) Inexpert. un
9,-), Labouring under the disease called kharat (a camel); also (A sheep) bored in the ear. Wehement (wind). Khurk
the disease itself, in which the milk comes away in a clotted state. Cattle having their ears pierced with round holes. ---

A J- khartal, Oats. A &= kharkat (from JA-), Cutting, cleaving. Spoiling */

P J- khirtl, A kind of leathern purse. work. Khirkat, A garment made of shreds and patches; ar"
 -
ex
n
ligious habit. A remnant, a patch, a rag. Ji- & 5,3- khir- || Breaking the bridge of the nose. Piercing pearls or glass beads.
! katu'l hig, A menstruous cloth. P easles' 45,3- khirkah andakh- || Deviating from the way. Kharm or khurm, The peak of a
Msgr. tan, (met.) To confess a fault. To surrender. To be lost in mountain. Kharam (from *A*), Being pierced in the ear.
ecstacy. e--- 35,-- khirkah skhtan, To rend in pieces.
P J- kharkatan, Ivy.
| rs- khurm, Vapours, exhalations. Name of an open plain.
rej,43,3-khirkah-pshn, Religious mendicants, dervishes.
pje 35,3- khirkah-dz, A botcher. Poor.
r- kharki, A grain from which they make bread.
p ff- kharak, A little ass. A small gelding. A species of
locust. A reptile which has the fore-legs long and the hind ones
short. The bridge of a musical instrument. A childs go-cart.
A three-legged stool. The rack. A vine-arbour or prop. A
wine or oil-press. A reel for winding cotton upon. A chopping
or sawing-block. A glove. A handle, a hilt. A breast, a pap,
the nipple. The scab. Name of a village near Shirz.
P s- kharkdah, A tent, a tabernacle.
*A*- khar-kabutar, A wood-pigeon, a queest.
p*:::A; kharkabtah, A measure. A handle, hilt. The
scab. An earth, or maw-worm.
w
P Jj << kharak (or .<= kharak-i) zamin, Reptiles.
rv- khar-kus, An idle babbler, a silly fellow.
**
* Js- kharkash, A shoe or slipper, worn above boots, to
keep them clean when walking. Khar-kush, Killing an ass.
A multiped insect resembling a beetle, met with in cemeteries.
The toe of a boot. Khur-kush, Crooked. Winking, looking
amorously through half-shut eyes. Having a reeling giddiness
from intoxication. A sort of insect.
P J- khar-kamn, A large bow. A machine for stringing
bows. A spring-gun set in gardens. Arduous and vain concern.
P - khar-kuf, A kind of large owl.
P *A. khargh, A tent, a pavilion, a tabernacle. The royal
tent, court, or palace. A cottage or moveable Turkomn hut
or tent, formed by flexible poles, and covered with felt-cloth.
j-i- 29- kharg-i khuzr (or U mind), The sky. 29
*" <& khargh-i falak-ishtibah, A pavilion high as heaven.
s *A. khargh-i mh, The halo round the moon. A mole
on the cheek. Khirgah, A pleasant spot. -
*s. khar-gar, An insect troublesome to cattle. A halo
round the moon. Crooked.
ps- khargurah, A young ass, an ass's colt.
*}{= khar-gaz or khar-giz, A large wasp, a hornet. The
leading of a culprit through the streets, mounted upon an ass.
s- khar-gawaz (or guitaz), A goad for driving cattle.
t A- khar-gr (or 95-), The onager, or wild ass.
"JA. khar-gsh, A hare or rabbit. Lamb's tongue.
**A- khargshak, A leveret. The plant hare's tongue.
P
* <= khargah, A tent. J)} &= kharga-i azrak, The
sky, s <= kharga-i mah, A halo round the moon.
A pr kharm (from **), Bursting (sewing). Cutting off.
607 ex
Khurum, (pl. of ,+ khurm) Summits of mountains.
Kharam, A defect. A dissection, amputation. A return before
having finished a journey. Khurram, Cheerful, smiling, glad.
A pleasant, delightful place. Name of the tenth solar month;
also of the eighth day of every month. J-> pr- khurram
o khandn, Cheerful and laughing.
P t- kharm, A groom, a horse-jockey, or stable-keeper.
Khurma, A date. J. t- Khurma-bun, A palm-tree, the pith,
J-> **** khurma-i abjahl,
or marrow of the palm-tree.
A sort of date. ... **** khurma-i hindi, A tamarind.
A t- kharma, (fem. of ,-] akhram) Having the tip of
the nose cut off, the bridge broken, lip chapt, or ear pierced.
ry- khar-mr, A groom, a horse-keeper.
reju-'s- khurmstn, A grove of palm-trees.
AJys- khurman, A lie, a falsehood.
A &- kharmat, The part of the ear which is pierced.
A <> khurmuj, A kind of blight or smut.
P e'- khuram-dan, A leathern purse or bag, carried by
religious fraternities at their side.
A U-2,-- khirmis, A dark night.
P ---> khar-mast, Stupid. Obstinate. Athletic.
A 4-9- kharmashat (from J-- Q) Spoiling (a book).
P is s- khurram-faza, The sky.
P - kharmuk or khurmak. See y-khar-muhrah.
Ps- khurram-gh, A large tent. A green, a grass-plot.
*u-s- khar-magas, A gad fly, the ass-fly. A meat-fly.
PJ- kharmul, A large, tasteless pear.
A J- khirmil, A foolish woman. A decrepit old woman.
A multitude of men.
P cr- khirman and kharman, The harvest. Reaped corn,
grain. Flour, meal. A barn or other place where the grain is
separated from the straw. A parhelion or mock-sun. A kind
of rich cake, a plum-cake, or fritter. A candlestick, or stand
upon which they place it. ** khirman-i gada, A heap
of corn gleaned. A. zer-khirman-i mah, A halo round
the moon. The sky. A mole on the cheek.
P v- khar-munj, A gad-fly. A paralytic. A certain colour
in a horse.
r &&.5- cr- khirman-sokhtah, Ruined. A bankrupt.
P ~5 cr- khirman-kb, A corn-thresher.
P *e.9- kharman-gh, A barn, a threshing-floor.
P as c- khirman-gada, A harvest-beggar. (BURHAN.)
P cr- khirman-giry, Close-fisted, avaricious, stingy.
P Lj khar-mash, A large rat.
 _2_- 608 t
p ** = khar-muhrah, Any little stone marked with points P <<> khursak, A red animalcule found in baths. Khu
by nature or art, small shells, coq-de-perle, or glass beads, rsak (or 4-2,3- khursah), Lingula vulvae. The foreskin.
fastened round the neck or arms of children, as fancied protection rv- khursh, An assault, a loud cry made when attack.
against malignant eyes; also beads of glass, with which they ing an enemy. Impetuosity, ardour, noise, tumult, crash. A
ornament bridles and harness. A trumpet. A pearl in the eye. lamentation, crying O ! making an exclamation, sighing. The
Pus- khurrami, Gladness, cheerfulness, pleasantness. A. impulse of love or rage. Putting one's self in the attitude of
set of carnal voluptuaries, the sect of Bbak. striking. Khariwash, The wild ass.
p*A- khar-nay, A brazen trumpet. A note in music. rej e A khurshn shudan (or Jj khurshi
rjs- kharambar (or j- kharambaz), The ceremony dan), To be warm, to be inflamed with love or anger. To
of leading a criminal through the street mounted upon an ass. make a loud noise or shout. To make an assault or effort.
A meeting, a concourse, a crowd. Pe: \*,- khurshndan, To render warm or passionate.
P Ls- kharambash, Name of a medicinal plant. To cause to attack. To raise a tumult.
P L-- Khirnajas, Name of a celebrated wrestler. A ,+ kharut, Unmanageable (horse).
r &- kharand (or xj+ khazand), An herb used in wash A & 2,+ kharicator khirwat, The plant called Palma Christi.
ing. Kharand, A low garden-wall. The parapet of a gallery. Any withered plant.
f s- kharandah, A purchaser. A -khari, A lamb. A colt six months old.
A -i-,-- khirnaf, Cotton. A milch camel. The fruit of A J-khurk, (pl. of J.- khark) Fissures, rents in gar
the thorny shrub called Sxic tizat. ments. (pl. of G- kharik) Level grounds.
A &A- kharnafat (from -ij- 9), Striking (with a sword). P 9- kharuk, An animal that makes a noise in gardens in

the summer-time. Name of a herb which produces an increase

A U-,-- kharnafs, Magnum penem habens. (HUNTER.)
A c- khirnik, A leveret. An artificial pond. of women's milk. Khurwak, A beetle.
r 3,-- kharnb, khirni or khurnub, Bean-pods, carobs. F \,-- khirwand, A kind of sewing.
The bread of St. John, or of the prodigal son. A32,- khur-a, (pl. of -khur-a) Excrements.
A J-khirmus, A young pig, a porker. Pj khirwah, khurwah or khurh, A bird's comb. A cock.
p > khiri, khur (also \;=- khirwa), Garden-mallows. r -khurhak, Coral.
Khurii, (for U-> khurs), A cock. * **, + khurhah, The comb of a bird. A net, a gin, a call,
*}}< khar-war, An ass-load. Urine and dung of an ass. or any snare or decoy used in catching birds. Lingula vulva.
P *> kharwalah, A shout. Saddening, terrific.
A --> kharrub, See -- kharnb.
A $2,- khurwat, Human excrement. P 3,-- kharah, A heap. Viscous clay heaped stratum upon
stratum. A marshy place and full of clay. Assault, attack,
A c-khurt, (pl. of -khurt) The eyes of needles, &c.
A z- kharij, Long-necked (horse). Khurj (from z_-), throng, medley. Kharah or kharrah, Lees of wine. Grains of
Going, issuing, rushing, sallying forth in a hostile manner. Dis sesame remaining in the hair-cloth after the oil has been ex
obeying. Excepted from a general rule. Egress. Excretion. pressed, which they give to the poor. Kharuh or khurah, Divine
P & 2,3- khurj (for U-2,+ khursh), A loud cry. illumination, the light of reason. A district or division of the
rz-A- khurch (for U->> khurs), A cock. Persian empire, of which there were five. Khirah, A cloud.
Khurah, Wild beasts. Fruit-stones. The white ant. A disease
A 2A kharud, Very modest (woman). which causes the hair to fall off; also a disease which destroys"
rle, A- kharu-dr, A species of herb. nose and lips. Khuroh, A cock. Khurrah, The noise of *
A_2}- khurr (from A- kharra), Falling. Falling down (in being suffocated; a snore.
an act of adoration). Snoring (one asleep). Neighing (a horse). r 3-sys- khara-i chb, Scaffolding. A wooden frame for
Living comfortably. turning an arch upon. Beams for supporting the roof of a *
P ey- Khurzn, Name of a famous wrestler. r xs; khara-i khisht, A pile of bricks. An oil-press.
A L- kharus, (A woman) conceiving for the first time. * <- *s, *- khara-i sang, A heap of stones.
A woman in childbed. Having little milk flowing from the nip P << khuruhak, Coral.
ple. Khurus (pl. of Ly- khars or khirs) Earthen wine-jars. res,-- khiri, Name of a yellow flower. Of divers colours.
P U-23- khurs or khors, A dunghill cock. A ball, a dance, Unlucky, inauspicious. A gallery. A sofa, a bench.
the Greek chorus. A slave to his passions. ** J \-> *L*
r_\,-- khiryr (for AAA- khiri-dr), A buyer.
Khursn-i twus-dum, Goblets of wine. Je S L A c-,+ khirrit, An intelligent guide. --|3
khurs-i kingira-i &akl, The breath. Weighed, measured words. A g- kharij, Name of a game where they cry * ty

r &s- Khorschah, The jaws. The wind-pipe. kharaj kharaj. Khirrij, A scholar, instructed in learning.
 \;<
re.A.- khirikhisk, A farrier.
a &A kharid (and 5.x,-- kharidat), An unblemished virgin,
a modest woman, silent or speaking in a low gentle voice.
Kharid, A low voice (as the indication of modesty).
r AA- khirid, He bought. Purchase. <>, > * >
: khirid o farkht, Buying and selling.
*M*A- khiridar, A buyer. ej Ms- To be a buyer.
P r J- kharidr-gir, An article which finds a ready sale.
P x- khiridari, Purchase.
A * > kharidat, A pearl not perforated.
Pey. A kharidan or khiridan, (s t) To buy. Khiridan,
To guard. Kharridan, To have the face flushed (an infant).
f s, kharidah, Purchased, bought. The child of a pur
chased slave. A modest woman, a matron. Khiridah, Pur
chased. (Wares) received or given amongst merchants.
AAA kharir, The murmuring of running water. The sound
(of wind). A beaten track between two hills.
ru-kharish, A butt for ridicule. A laugh. Kharesh,
Scratch thou. Scratching. A scratch made by the nails or a
thorn. Thin parings that fall from leather in the currying. The
dressing of leather. Khirish, A lady, a matron. Khurish, A
king. The master or mistress of a family.
P <<-A- kharishak, A farrier.
r &A kharishah, The urine of an ass. A gadfly.
rej-A-khareshidan, Toscratch, to tear, to bite, pull, crop,
or break with the teeth.
A Ls kharis, The point or head of a spear. Cold (water).
A 4-ij- kharizat (or &= - kharisat), A beautiful girl, full
of health and animal spirits.
AP *A* kharit (also * > kharitah), A purse. A volume.
A small bag. A letter-bag, a mail. A letter.
*Jj khurayta', One who weeps bitterly.
*** kharie, Flaccid, withered, flabby, pendulous. A Treasures of gold and of silver. ey rejs- khaza-in-i be
bad woman, an adulteress. Soft and pliant of body.
r j kharif, A decrepitold man. Autumn.
A -ij- kharif, The first crop in the year (in India), con
sisting chiefly of rice. Cathered. The autumn. The harvest.
Autumnal rain. The fall of the leaves.
P - khari?, The autumnal harvest. Grown in harvest.
A G. A kharik, Level ground, a field sprouting up, harvest.
A cold violent wind, overthrowing tents. Khirrik, Very liberal.
Pj} > kharyus, A bat, a reremouse.
* > khaz, The beaver, whose fine hair is worked up into
garments. Crawling on the hams like boys.
Aj khazz (from ja khazza), Piercing through (with a the eye. Name of a nation near the Caspian Sea, whence it is
dart). Fencing (a wall) with thorns. Silk raw or spun. Silken calledj bahru't khazar. Khazar (from 23-) Looking
stuff. The fine hair of the beaver.
A}< khas, A kind of herb.
A j- khiz-a (111 of Js), Disgracing, rendering one's self
ls
>
t more ignominious than another.
al
!
609 _3-
rj=-j- khazkhaz, Creeping, crawling.
Aj=-j- khuzakhiz, Strong, robust.
Ajj- khasaz (or - khazaza'), A mountain upon which
the Arabians were wont to kindle a fire the night on which they
undertook an expedition. Khazzz, A raw-silk merchant.
A &js- khuzz,Death.
A e;-- khuzzat, A section, a segment.
A - khazza. A seller of earthen ware.
A -j- khisim, (III of ej-) Taking possession of a road, in
tercepting. (pl. of &sj- khizmat) Hair-rings. Khazzam,
A maker or a vender of ropes made of the fibrous bark of trees.
Pl- khazm, Name of a plant promoting pregnancy.
A &sj- khizmat, A ring made of hair, put through a camel's
nose, to which the bridle is fastened. Khuzmat (or c
khuzma'), A wild herb of a fragrant smell, with a long stalk,
small leaves, and a red flower.
P ej khazn, The autumn. A month in autumn. The tenth
day of every month. Khizan, Autumn. ey- .e. bd-i khizn,
The autumnal wind, which blows during the fall of the leaves.
A J- khizzn, (pl. of 35+ khuzaz) Male hares.
A ej- khuzzan, (pl. of ej- khazin) Treasurers.
A &\}~ khizanat, A treasury, treasure, a magazine, a granary,
a repository. The public revenue. The chamber of a gun.
c- &js- khiznatu's' silah, An armoury. rce &\}~ khi
zna-i tmirah, The imperial treasury.
TJ- khaznch?, A treasurer, a cash-keeper.
rje &\}~ khizanah-dar, A musket with a chamber.
Ajs- khazy, (pl.ofe- khazyn), Ashamed, blushing.
A &\}~ khazyat (from 5-), Blushing. Shame, ignominy.
A c-khaz-in, (pl. of &\;<- Khiznat) Treasuries. Trea
sures. Divine secrets. P.J.; ; ~e- khazit-in-i sim o zar,
girn, Immense treasures.
A c-khasab (from ~}~), Swelling, being fat. Having
warts upon the udder (a camel). Khazib, Soft (flesh). A camel
or sheep with a swelled udder. Fat, bloated.
Ajs- khazibz or khizbz, Dung-flies; also their humming.
A disease in the throat. A cat. Name of an herb.
Aj=-j- khuzakhis (or j<-j- khuzakhiz), Strong, robust.
r 39;s khazduk, An insect resembling a beetle.
r se;-- Khazdah, A sin, an error, a crime.
A 25-khasr, A side-glance. Khazr or khazar, Smallness of
through half-shut eyes, or with one eye only.
r_j-khasar, Small globes made of coloured glass. Khazar
(or ey- Khazrn), Name of a district in Turkistan. Name
of a province in Gln.
4 I
 A. &Vjs- khizrafat, One who sits badly or ungracefully. Talk Ajj- khuzz, (pl. of j-khazz) Coarse silken stuffs.
ative, vainly loquacious. P %j- khazuk, A beetle, a tumble-dung.
Aeys khazurn, A cane. The flexible root of an Indian A&sj- khazmat, (in the idiom of Huzay!) A cow.
cane or reed, with which they make little vessels or baskets. A p > khacah, The rudder of a ship.
spear made of this cane or reed. P sys;- khacharah, Asses' bane (an herb).
A G- khuzrnik, White garments.
A 45-khazy (from 45-), Disgracing. Khizy (from j),
A &js- khazrabat, Confusion, indistinct combination of words. Being base, abject, afflicted, disgraced. Ignominy.
A e- khazyan, (fem. \}~ khazya) Blushing, modest.
A 3.5-khuzarat, A pain in the vertebrae of the back.
A z_j-khazrij, The wind, the south-wind. A &rj=- Khusaybat, A gold-mine.
A &js- khazrafat (from }}~ 0), Walking fast (a horse). A * > khayat or khizyat, Affliction. Khuzyat, The handle
Taking wide steps. of a bottle. Any thing perforated (particularly the anus)."
P j- khazrak, Cowardice. P Jj- kharidan, To creep (as reptiles), to wallow (like a
A c-khazarnak, A large male spider. child). To walk in a slow, haughty, or airy manner. To pass
P c- Khazarwn, The Caspian Sea. Name of a country. with difficulty, to rub the body against any thing, to creep on all
p > khazrah, An expanded hand or paw. fours. To strike with the feet (as a horse in making a leap).
Aj}~ khuzaz, A male hare. To spring, to endeavour to get forward (as a child, or a falcon,
A 83- khaz (from & 3-), Rescinding, restraining, prevent when bound). To rise up. To carry off, to absorb. To support
ing. Impeding, detaining. Separating from associates. one in walking. To totter, to fall down in a slippery place. To
A J- khazzal, A limping, a halting, lameness. sit down any where in order to be concealed.
A J-s- khuzatbl, Foolish, ludicrous sayings or actions. Pj khasidah, Concealing, lying hid.
A *}= khuzat bilat, A jest, a laughable tale or discourse.
*Aj-khazir, Ashes beneath which are latent sparks. Fire.
A&ej- khaztat, Lameness. Khizzat, A section. A piece of A_2}~ khazir (or $25- khazirat), Any kind of broth.
meat (especially camel's flesh). Khusatat, One who restrains A j-khasis, Brambles placed as fences to walls.
or detains another (from any thing good). * * > khasinah, A treasury. A granary, magazine, Tri
A &le;-- khazzalat (from J- Q), Limping, halting. bute. The lower flap of a tent.
A 3}=-khazf (from 5-), Walking haughtily. Khaza, P_\e *j- khasinah-dr, A treasurer, a robe-keeper.
P *;- khajand, Name of an herb.
(from 5-), Drawing. AP Khaza, A flower-pot, or any kind
of earthen vessel. Py 5- khazaf-rezah, A potsherd. * U-- khas, Bad, wicked. A mean man. A rustic, a moun.
P j-khazafi, A potter, a seller of pottery. taineer. (s SI) Name of a tribe of mountaineers, inhabiting
A J-kha:k (from J-), Reaching the mark (an arrow). between India and Tartary. A miser. A false gem. A weed.
Transfixing (with a spear). Reviling, reproaching. A lettuce. A thistle. A thorn. A splinter, a chip of wood. A
A J- khazal (from J-), Cutting. Hindering, keeping kind of large white crane. A reptile. A little animal swim.
back. The rejection of the letter" and the repose of the c in ming on the surface of water. J c, U.S.- khas ba dahan
the prosodial foot c-- - giritan, To be weak. To sue for protection. -> U-3-
A &- khazlabat, A slow, heavy pace. khas o khshk, Rubbish, litter. Khus, A mother-in-law.
A &- khuslat, A fracture in the back. Khusalat, One who A U-> khass (from U.S.- khassa), Rendering vile. Lettuce.
restrains or detains another (from any thing good). Jv-nasri Himir, wild leuce. -

A - khazm (from j-), Perforating the bridge of the
(camel's) nose, and passing a ring through it. Spitting locusts,
running them through. Boring the nostrils. Threading and
joining. Khazam, A tree, of the bark of which they make ropes.
A e- khizmiyn or khazmiyan, Beaver's testicles.
A ej- khazn (from ej-), Laying up in a cellar, or treasury.
Keeping (a secret). Khazan (from ej-), Stinking (meat).
A *U-> khas-a (from --), Driving away (a dog). Being
driven away. Being dull and weak (the sight).
A\ = khas or khasan, Unequal. $3 -> khasan sakanor
khasa zaka, Odd and even (a kind of game).
A \-- khisi-a, (111 of 3-) Pelting each other with stones.
A \-- khisi-a, (111 of J.--) Playing at odd and even.
F_\-> khasar, Ice. -

A &}=- khasanat, (pl. of ej- khazin) Treasurers. A_\-- khasr (and SA-3-khasrat) (from J-S-), Sustaining
Aj=-P khasand, Name of an herb used in washing. a loss. Perishing. Straying from the road. Plunder, devasta
f sj=- khazindah, Creeping. Reptiles. A moth, a worm. tion. Fraud, perfidy. P eye; e- A-s- khasrat oghardt
A >> khaste (from 25-), Subduing, reducing to order or dis kardan, To ravage and plunder.
P * -- khasrah, The act of lopping superfluous branches.
cipline (men), breaking or exercising (horses), rendering obe
dient. Opposing (an enemy). Slitting a young camel's tongue. Khisarah, The clearing of a garden or vineyard of weeds.
 Q--&-
A & V-3 khassat (from U-- khassa), Being close-fisted,
covetous, mean, ignoble, low-born. Parsimony. Meanness.
A Ju-> khassk, A liar. &\-> 33 z khasskat, One who an attack.
bids for anything, differs and breaks off, and then offers again.
A J-3- khussal, Vile, abject (men).
re-s- khasn, (pl. of U--- khas) Mean persons.
res s- khasandan, To grind, to triturate.
p sw-3-khisindah, An infusion (in medicine).
P J-s- khasanidan, To chew. To cause to scratch, bite,
or pull with the teeth.
A J.--- khasa-is, (pl. of U-> khasis) Base persons.
A JU-3-khas-il, (pl. of J-> khasil) Worst, vilest.
Puy~ khasydan, To chew. To eat. (CAstellus.)
rej"-- khaspanzdan, To cause to kick or trample upon.
To cause to extinguish. Khuspnidan, To cause to lie down; to
cause to rest or sleep. 2-3, J-> 2,3 fur khuspnidan-i
shutur, Causing a camel to lie down.
P U-> khuspish, Lying down. Rest, sleep.
r-3-khaspan-j, Abed, a couch. (Castellus.)
P Cu-khas-psh, Covered o'er with thorns. Varnishing
over, giving a false colouring to.
rus:--- Khusp7, The planet Jupiter.
P c- khasp?dan, To beat with the feet, to trample, kick.
To extinguish. Khuspidan, To lie down, to sleep.
A -- khassat or khissat, Vileness, meanness. Avarice.
611 <--
P zy- &-- kh stah-mizj, Infirm, weak, sickly.
p J-A-S-khastidan, To wound, pierce. To ail. To make
To fear. To cut in pieces. To be cleft, broken.
P U.--L-- khas khas, A sweet-scented root of a sort of grass.
AJ--- khasr or khusr (from r ->), Losing. Losing the way,
perishing. Khusr (from ,---), Losing, missing. Damage, loss.
P_r ~ khasar, Ice. Khasar also khusar, A father-in-law.
Khusur, A mother-in-law. A father-in-law.
A JP-s: khusrn (from P->), Suffering loss. Missing the
way. Perishing. Losing. Damage, detriment. Perfidy.
!s. khusrn-gar C- khusrn-gir), A son-in-law.
P <<!-- khusrn-gari, Alliance by a wife. Friendship.
P r - khusarpurah, A wife's brother. (GLADw1N.)
P &\,-,-- khusr-khjah, A father-in-law.
p ><- Khusraw, A great king. A celebrated Persian king.
ey- 2-s- khusraw-i akhtarn,
A royal surname in Persia.
The sun. Js- 2-&- khusraw-i khwar, The sun, the monarch
of the west. C--: * 29-> khusraw-i hashtum behisht,
Title of Muhammad. Khusuru, A father or mother-in-law.
P <!-- khusrawnah, Kingly. Like a king, or Khusraw.
P jr-- khusrawnz, Royal. Monarchy, regal dignity. A
kind of song. A species of old money (coined by king Khusraw).
A -s- khasrawniy, Wine. A kind of cloth.
P --2-3- khusraw-khjah, A father-in-law.
Pl, s- khusraw-daru, Galangale.

P G-> khast, He wounded. Colour. Utility. Desire, P e- 2-& khusraw-nishn, A maker of kings. One pos
violent itching (of a sick person). A reptile, an insect. Khast, sessed of the marks of royalty. The imperial signet.
Rest, repose. The sleeve of a garment. f sr--- khusrawi, Belonging to a king. Royal. Imperial.
P & 3 khastnah (also &;--> khustunah), The patched Monarchy. A sort of hot wine. -

garment of a religious mendicant. p >, <- Khasrah, Tremulous. Khusrah, A mother-in-law. A

* P-3-khastar (or 32-), Reptiles, noxious insects. father-in-law.
P J-- khastagi, A wound, a sore. Sickness. Fatigue. A s-- khusry, An unlucky throw at dice.
"J-- khastan, To wound, to pierce. To prick. To be r & P--- khusrinah, A father-in-law.
indisposed, to be sick, to ail. To be wounded, broken, split. A C-i--- khas (from ~ -e-), Driving inwards (the eye),
To make an attack. To cut in pieces. To fear. blinding. Being sunk (or lying hid) under ground. Being
P 3-3-khastil, A confession. A mother-in-law. The seed sunk in the head (eyes). Being lessened, diminished. Being
or stone of fruit. Khusti, Confessing. Confession. A noxious lean, thin, or poor. A vice, a defect. Any crevice in a vessel,
animal. Name of a Chinese merchant. (Burhn-i katia.) through which the water exsudes. Hunger. An esculent nut.
P e;-- khustuwn, Those who confess or acknowledge.
J- gala'l khas, (He took it) upon an empty stomach.
**-s- khastuwanah (khustuwanah, also 435--- khustli Khusf, An esculent nut. Khusuf (from -->), Being cleft,
nah), A patched woollen or camelot garment, worn by fakirs, broken and pressed inwards (the ground). An eclipse of the
dervishes, and other religious mendicants (especially ragged). moon. (pl. of -5,--- khasi and -r--- khas f) Wells dug
P & khastah, Wounded. Sick, infirm, indisposed. Fruit in rocks which spring continually.
stone. Ground prepared for sowing. Excited, roused. 4-3- P 5-s-khasaf, A walnut.
J J-khastah-hal budan, To be in a bad situation, to be A G-c-khask (from G-c-), Penetrating (an arrow).
afflicted. Khistah, Poor, moneyless. The stone of fruit. PG-c-khasak, Saffron in the flower.
P & 4-> khastah-band, A bandage, a roller for fractured P Q--- khisk, Bastard saffron. Khusk, Time. Delay, re
limbs. A plaster. One who binds up broken bones. pose. Khasak, (dim. of L-3-khas), A twig, small wood. A
* J. & 3 khastah-dil, Sick at heart. triangular prickly herb. A caltrop against cavalry. A javelin.
4 I 2
 \- 61 2
-
C. A *

P J-- khasknn, Strict investigation, diligent search.
r &\x~~ khasak-danah, Seed of saffron-flower.
A J-- khasl (from J--), Rejecting. Khussal, Weak, vile.
P -- khism, A wound, a sore.
PJ-- khasan, Shreds, chips, sweepings. Reptiles.
P 39-- khasandah, Reptiles, insects, serpents.
p :--- khasu and khusu, A mother-in-law. A father-in-law.
A3-s- khusu-a (from * -), Being dull and weak (the sight).
Being vile, despicable, and odious. Being driven out from the
society of men (dogs and swine).
P Js-> U-> khas o khsh, Bits of cloth. Twigs.
reje;-&- khusudan, To praise, to commend. To reap.
P.J.;-&- khusur, A father, or mother-in-law. Entered. Hap
pily arrived. Harvest. e; sle 23-3-khusur-i damd
kardan, To contract an alliance.
A '-- khushrim, Sounds. Thick (camel).
P *A*- khushrah, Crumbs fallen from the table,
A L-khashsh, or khishsh, Insects flying or creeping.
A small-headed serpent. Khishash, A wooden ring on a camel's
nose, to which the reins are fastened; (if copper it is called 52
burat ; if hair, &sj- khizmat). Khushash, One who pene
trates deep. Self-willed.
A -3-3-khishf, (111 of -i-4-) Travelling by night (a ca
mel). Emitting a sound (an arrow). Khushshaf, A bat. A
swallow. (pl. of ~&\s- khshif and -khashif), Those
who travel boldly in the night. Penetrating (swords).
p >> khushm, An obstruction in the nose.
A C- khusham, Large-nosed (man).
P er- khashaman or khushaman, Husband or wife's mother,
e- khishn, (111 of c-) Behaving roughly towards.
A

Puy~ khusurdan, To enter. To salute. To reap.
P 3,3-3- khusurah, A husband or wife's father.
A --c-khasif (or -- khasi), A well dug in a rock,
which springs perpetually. Khusuf (from -i--) Thrusting in
ward (the eye), blinding. Being sunk (or lying concealed)
P e- khushn, Crumbs fallen from the table.
P ej"-- khashndan (also ex~~ khashayidan), To
scratch, to tear, to lacerate. To bite, to chew.
r;"> khishaw (or *~~), Culture of vineyards or gardens.
P w- Khishawand, Name of a country.

under ground. Undergoing an eclipse (the moon). An eclipse. *,\- khishwah, Land cleared of the stones and weeds, and
P

re-,--- Khasig, Sordid. Deformed, shameful, base. prepared for cultivation. A hedger and ditcher. J **
P < khasi, Baseness, vileness, meanness. khishawah kardan, To cultivate a garden, to weed and dressland.
A C- khisa', A woollen cloak or upper garment. Khasry, r s-khashy (for Ls khsh y), Welcome.
The worst kind of wool. A --~ khashb (from *-es-), Mixing (one thing with ano
Pe-> khasidan, To become old. To chew. Khis?dan, ther). Polishing (a sword). Choosing, picking. Hewing out
To masticate. To collect, gather, or become wrinkled. roughly (a bow or arrow). Writing off-hand (a poem). Khish
. A 2-3 khasir, Suffering damage. Straying from the road. as ~~~~~} kishb khishb, Good for nothing. Khushb, (pl.
A U--- khasis, Avaricious, sordid, penurious. Low, base, of C-: khashab) Timbers, (pl. of -- khashi), Rough.
ignoble. U-> U.S. mas-i khasis. A mean soul. Khashab, Wood, timber. Khashib, Rough, thick, hard. A mi
A 3--> khasisat, Meanness, avarice. Teeth projecting be ser. Khushub (pl. of --~ khashab), Timbers.
yond the fore teeth in a camel (when about six years old). P - khishb or khishab, Rude, ignorant, indolent.
A U-- khasil, Most vile, worst. A \-khashb, (fem. of J.-lakhshab) Rough. Wo".
PU's khash, Avaricious. The arm-pit. A stick, or a chip. Wooden-fronted, impudent. Despicable. High ruggedmountain.
Running fast. (for U- khush) Good. Khash also khush, A cyl-3- khushbn, (pl. of ~ khashab) Timbers.
Husband's or wife's mother. Khush (for t:-- khushk), Dry. P <!-- khish-pukhtah (for &;,------), A burnt brick.

A Ls khashsh (from U- khashsha), Passing a wooden r 3 khasht, A tear. Ignorant, rude. Blind. Seeing
ring through (a camel's) nose. Interfering (in any thing). Seiz
ing by surprise and binding (a man).
A\t khash or khish (from Ust-), Fearing.
A : \: khashsha-a, Gravel and clay ground. A bee or wasp
nest. Khisha-a, (III of J-) Being afraid of each other (two
persons). Khushsh-a, A bone projecting behind the ear.
A --- khashshab, A seller of wood.
A s-3-khasht (from us?--), Fearing.
p sc-s- khushdah, A well prepared sown field.
pyl-4- khishr, An enemy. Khushr, An unburnt brick.
Aj.3 khushr (and SA-3 khushrat), The refuse of any
thing; as fragments of meat, or crumbs. The dregs of mankind.
(eye). Khisht, Ajavelin, spear, halberd, pole-axe, spontoon,
dart. A brick. A kind of sweetmeat. Name of the tw"
chapter of the Zand. &; -- khisht-i pukhtah, Ab"
brick. Jj ,<!--~ khisht-i zar, An ingot of gold. The sun.
P er- khashtman or khushtman, A mother-in-law.
r2 -- khisht-paz, A brick-maker. (G LADw1N.)
** -- khisht-tibah, A brick-kiln.
P *-s- khishtchah, A square piece of cloth put under the
arm-pit of a shirt. The knee-pan.
r -c---Khasht khusht or khisht khusht, The n
made in gnawing or rasping any thing. Khisht khisht, The
rattling of paper; the rustling of new clothes.
 s\ A 613
r-khishtarah (or 9-2-3-), A brick-maker. A gusset.
reje-t-khisht-zan, A spearman, alancer. A brick-maker.
* << khishtak, A small brick. A gusset. The knee-pan.
pA- khisht-gar, A brick-maker.
rj-khashtanshr, Name of a water-bird.
p :- khasht, Confession. A mother-in-law.
P << khashtk or khushtk, A bastard. A thief, a rogue.
P & khashtah or khishtah, Poor, moneyless.
P es- khashjan, The four elements.
*U: s- khashkhash, Poppy, poppy-seed. A scented root.
A troop of men in armour. J Lk- To break in pieces.
ru-s khashkhash, The noise made by a mouse gnawing.
A 3-s khashkhashat (from U s q), Making a noise
(hard bodies clashing together). The noise made by such col
lision. A troop of armed men.
rus khashkhat, The noise made by a pen in writing.
Ajs- khashr (from j-), Cleaning from rubbish. Leaving
any place dirty. Khashar (from 2-), Fleeing (a coward).
P - khashram, The knocker of a door.
A ** khashram, Bees and wasps; also their nests or swarms.
Soft stones for making plaster.Name of a man.
A&- khashramat (from *A*- Q), Eating with noise.
A -e);-- khushashawiini, Two bones behind the ear.
A t-s- khushshat, (pl. oft-'- khashi:) Modest, quiet, low.
A &t- khushtat, Soft ground. A low hill.
F_\--- khashughshr, An aquatic bird. A large duck.
A -i-khashforkhashaf (from -i-) Moving gently; also
the noise caused by such motion; a low voice, a sound (as that
of the feet among half-frozen snow, or the crawling of serpents).
Breaking (the head with a stone). Khash, khishf or khushf,
A young hind. Khasha, also khushaf, Snow slightly frozen.
Khusha, A sort of green fly. Khushshaf, (pl. of -35-3-kha
hi and -i-khashf) (Camels) travelling by night.
* -i- khashaf, Snow.
A c-khashfn (from -i-), Travelling by land. Kha
*htin (from -it-), Being moved, agitated gently. Yielding
a low sound (crisp snow when trodden under foot). Travelling
quick. Journeying by night, Being bold in the night. Med
dling in any business.
A& khashfat also khishfut, Sound (of reptiles, serpents,
frozen snow, and the like). Movement, agitation. Khashaat
(from -i-), Leading others rapidly on (a guide in the night).
hishafat, (pl. of its khishfor khushf) Young fawns.
*A*--s- khashafshr, A water-bird, a cormorant.
*** khashk or khashak, A false pretence. A mote in
*
the eye. Khushk, Dry, withered. Avaricious, tenacious. Bad
tempered. e cs khushk awardan, To keep silence
from excessive stupidity. eas e 3.3 khushk bkhtan, To
play for nothing. To play away all one's property. <<
s a *
c-khushk jumbnidan, To move about without motive
or advantage. F : 3.3 khushk o tar, Dry and moist. Day
and night. Bad and good. Khashak, A mountain.
r 2.3.3 khashkb, Hindering, restraining; a hinderer.
r); << khushk-abzr, Dry sweet herbs, seasoning.
p = 7 << khushk-khar, A barren year.
PJ- khushkar, Dry flour. Bread of coarse unsifted flour,
full of bran. A fried egg.
P e << khushk-rad, Dry meat. Loosening, separation.
rj\;\ << khushk-afrz, Herbs used in seasoning meat.
<< khushk-a zar, Condiments.
Py;"
PA-3. khushkmr, Diligent enquiry. Estimate. Dropsy.
rjv. khushkmz (or e\ \.4), Diligent enquiry.
r- khushknj, Dry in body. Meat dried in the wind.
Large bread, orbicular and flattened.
P & K-3- khushknjah, A large flat loaf of bread. Dry.
P s <<- khushk-angubin, Honey dried in the comb.
P e-- khushkndan, To cause to dry or wither.
* \},\ ci-khushk-awzr, Condiments, seasoning.
P *}\; - khushk-bazah, The loppings of a tree. Bark.
P --; << khushk-pusht, (Dry back) A tortoise.
* Us? << khushk-pay, Unfortunate, of ill omen.
r; << khushk-tar, Melancholy; a fool, an idiot.
P Js- khushk-jn, The soul, spirit. Ignorant, unskilful.
Lukewarm, indifferent. Destitute of fortune and wealth.
P J- << khushk-jumbn, Busy to no purpose.
P Js- khushk-jahn, An age barren in distinguished men.
p_\s. << khashk-khr, A caltrop to keep off cavalry.
P ere - khushk-daman, Pure, chaste.
* ~~~~<- khushk-dast, (Dry handed) Avaricious.
P &\se << khushk-dimgh, Grievous. (HUNTER.)
* Je << khushk-dimghi, Grief.
p Jse << khushk-dahn, Fasting. A tyrant, oppressor.
* K-4- khushkar, Flour full of bran. Bread made of bran.
P s-3- khushk-randah, The dry scab.
* Jy << khushk-rish, A dry scab or wound. Subtilty,
fraud, stratagem, deceit, falsehood. A vain excuse.
P &J << khushk-rishah, Crust of a wound. An excuse.
r_j\-- khushk-sr, Arid land lying far from water.
* J << khushk-sal, A year of drought, a general dearth.
<-37 J- 3.3 khushk-sl-i afat, The present evil world.
P J-- khushk-sali, Sterility, drought. A dry season.
*> << khushk-sar, Addle-pated. A babbler. Irascible.
* * * * * khushk-shanah, Proud, haughty, arrogant.
re- << khushk-tintin, Unmanageable (steed).
P \;<-- khushk-f, Unfermented bread.
p\.3 khushkam, A dry fuzzball. Fuel.
rj-3- khushkamz, Diligent search, strict enquiry.
 c--- 614
r 25 & khushk-mz (or *}\-s- khushk-mazah), A dry,
withered, or broken branch. The bark of a tree.
p\,\- khushkmn, Anything cold eaten after meat, by
way of moderating the heat of the stomach.
Pjt - khushk-maghz, Testy, irascible. A fool.
r 5 << khushk-maghz7, Rage, impatience. Folly.
P e." << khuskh-nn, Dry bread, biscuit.
r & c- khushk-nnah, Bread eaten without meat.
r-khushk-ny, The asper artery, the windpipe.
p \;< khushk-wa, Unleavened bread.
r &&. khushkah, Boiled rice. Flour not sifted.
p J- khushk?, Dryness. Scarcity occasioned by drought. p ex~ khashd, A rake, a harrow. The pruning of young
Dry land. By land (in opposition to s, tari, by water). Horse shoots. A gardener's ass or other beast of burden. A messen
dung dried, used instead of straw as litter for horses. Dry, arid.
re.3 khushkidan, To dry up.
A J-khashl (from J-), Rejecting as worthless. Refuse,
rubbish, offal. Khashl or khashal, The dry fruit (also the stone)
of the dwarf palm. The top of a woman's cloak ; also of her
drawers, her bracelets, and the rings or ornaments of her ancles.
Khush!, Bdellium. Khashal (from U-3-), Being worn (a vest.)
p J-3-khashal, Bdellium, an Arabian gum. (BURIAN).
A --- khashm (from **), Striking, hurting, or breaking
the cartilage of the nose. Khasham (from **), Having no smell
(a nose). Stinking (meat). A defective sense of smelling.
p --- khishm or khashm, Anger, passion, rage, indignation,
fury. e-A -- khishm giritan, To become angry.
p Jv-khashm-ghl, An angry glance. A squint.
p f -- khishm-ld, Tainted with anger.
P c- khashm-gn, Full of rage. Angry.
re--- khishmin, Angry. (Burhn-i ktia.)
P . khashm-nak, Passionate, furious, angry.
p &^*.s- khashmah, Travelling utensils.
r c-khashn, A kind of grass from which coarse garments
are made. Khishn (for ex~ khashin), A kind of falcon.
A c-s- khushn, (pl. of e-- akhshan) Rough. Armed (le
gions). Khashin, Rough, coarse, thick. c-> khashi
nul jnib, (A man) of rough unpolished manners.
A U.S.-- khashn, (fem.) Rough. Heavily armed (legion).
P e- khushnan, Happy, fortunate, prosperous.
P 3.9% cs khashn-brn, The sky. A cloud.
A 3~ khushnat (from c-), Being rough. Asperity.
P << khashanjah, A gusset, the gore of a shift.
r &\s- c-khashan-khnah, A house constructed of reeds;
also a house the doors and windows of which are lined with furze,
which being kept continually sprinkled, a circulation of cool air is
thereby maintained within. (Burhn-i ktie.)
r x: khushmud (for ex~ khushnid), Content.
p_\--- khashinsar, (khushansar, or j- khashanshr),
A species of white-headed aquatic bird.
J
4
r K-3-khashank or khushunk, A cautery.
r = <- khashang, A scar, a cautery. Bald. Baldness.
r;--> khoshnu or khashni, Contented, pleased. See ex-3.
P ex~ khoshnud, Content, satisfied. Happy, pleased.
P sex---khoshnudi, Content, satisfaction. Reconciliation.
P U-3-3-khushni, An immodest woman, a harlot.
A 5-3-khashw or khushaw (from 3-), Producing small bad
dates (a palm-tree). Khashw, A small, bad date.
p > khush, A father or mother-in-law.
P &\;< khushwnah, Wool, spun and wound.
P J-> U.S.- khash o khsh, Trifles. Chips, scraps, rubbish.
ger of news. Khashd or khushud, A long branch; also one
pruned of all superfluous twigs. Khushid, A mother-in-law.
A scratch with the nails.
fee;--> khushdan or khashdan, To prune a tree.
p_3-khashur, A prophet. A messenger.
A 83- khusht (from 8-2-3-), Being humble. Humbling
one's self. Being quiet, modest. Lowering the voice, casting
down the eyes. Lying low, level, also waste (ground). Setting
(a star). Spitting out viscous saliva. Humility, submission.
A s- khashi, (A man) walking fast. (A camel) travel
ling by night. (A man) traversing a country boldly by night.
Khushuf (from --c-), Travelling by land.
P %-- khashk or khushk, Spurious. A miscreant. A
blockhead. Khushk, A long branch. Any thing of gold"
silver in form of a cow's horn.
A &;-- khushanat (from c-), Being rough. Asperity,
severity. Rigidness, fierceness. Indignation, disdain:
PU- khashi, (Anything) extremely white.
A J- khashi, Timid. Khashiy, A dried herb.
A U-3-khashy (em. of e- khashyn), Timid (w").
A c-s-khashyn, Timid. Khishyn (from L*), Fear
ing. Fear. -
A 23-3-khashib, Rough-hewn. Rough, unfurbished (ar.
row, or sword). Polished. Thick, hard (camel).
Ar-3-khashibat, Nature, temper.
A &t- khashyat (from Lt.-), Fearing. Knowing. Ab
Fear, terror, dread.
horring.
re- khashijn, Contraries. The elements.
P U2:- khashish, A crowd of men. Tumult, clamour.
r_j\t- khashishr, Name of a certain aquatic bird.
P 4-s khishishah, A bird that frequents gardensin Pri
Pus--> khashishi, A kind of garment.
A ---> khashif, Snow. A bit of ice. (A guide) travelling
boldly in the night.
r c-e- khashin, Of the colour of ashes, of a darkish while;
of a black, white, blue, and green. A rich cerulean colour. A
falcon with a black back.

re-t-khashind, Name of an aquatic bird.
PJ- khashinr, A species of large duck.
r & c-khashin-pand, A kite.
p_\-3-khashinsar, Name of a certain aquatic bird having
a black back, and a white spot on the head.
P & khashinah, A species of falcon. Ash-coloured.
A Ja- khuss, A house of reeds. A tavern.
A \a-khas, The crushing of any thing moist.
A \as khisi-a (from Las-), Castrating.
A Q-La-khisab, (pl. of-a- khisbat) Loaded palm-trees.
A_\a-khisar, (111 of Pas-) Taking (a companion) by the
hand, and walking together. Going different ways and meeting
at the same place.
A Jaka- khass (or 3.2\as khassat), Poverty. A hole, a
gap, a chink. The space between the feet of a pot.
A 3.2\as khussat, A vine after the grapes have been gathered.
A - 3\as khisf (from -3.23-), Casting her young in the ninth
month (a camel). (pl. of &as khasafat) Baskets for dates
made of palm-leaves. Khassaf, A liar. A shoe-maker.
A Ja-khisil (from J-a-), Conquering at darting. Cutting
away (a piece) of meat. (111 of J-a-) Contending for a wager
at shooting or darting. (pl. of 3) as khaslat) Good manners,
habits, properties, or qualities. 33:4- ,Ja khis al-i hamzdah,
Praise-worthy virtues.
A a-khisam, (111 of -a-) Litigating. (pl. of-a-khusm)
Corners of eyes.
A. eas- khissin and khussan, Grandees. Royal favourites.
A vlas khas-is, (pl. of 3.2-khssiyat) Properties.
A Jak khas-il, (pl. of &as khaslat) Affairs, excellent
works. Manners, customs, usages, properties.
A **** khasa-im, (pl. of &xas- khusumat) Law-suits, strifes.
A Q-a-khasb, The branch of a palm-tree. A fruitful palm
tree. Khisb (from a3-), Being very plentiful (the year);
possessing in rich abundance the comforts of life. Fruitfulness.
Plenty. Fatness. Plentiful. Khasib, (A year) rich in produce.
a 3-a-khasoat or khisbat, (Earth or trees) fruitful in produce.
Ara-khasr, The middle, the waist. Khasar (from 22-),
Being hurt in the extremities by cold (a man). Being intensely
cold (the day). Coldness, chillness. Khasir, Cold (water).
A -- khas (from -ia-), Doubling and sewing together
(a sole). Covering (the body with leaves). A shoe or slipper |
made of several plies. Khasaf, (pl. of &a- khasafat) Date
baskets made from palm-leaves.
A&as khasat, One ply of shoe-leather. Khasafat, A bas
ket for dates, made of palm-leaves. Inhabiting a cultivated district. ---as ;: abu khasib, Flesh.
* Ja- khasl, A compact, agreement. Archery for a wager.A &a- khisyat, (pl. of J.-a-khasiy) Castrated.
A Jas-khast (from J-as-), Conquering at shooting or darting;
Khisyat or khusyat, A testicle. As) &a- khusyatul bahr,
Castoreum. &as khusyatus satlab, Satyrion. &-as
also the premium gained by the conqueror. Cutting off (a piece)
of meat. Khusal, (pl. of &as khuslat) Entangled branches 3) khusyatul kalb, (Dog's stones) Rag-wort.
hanging down. Intricate locks of hair.
-*
a & Las khaslat, A quality, a property. Temper, humour,
disposition, nature, habit, custom. An excellent work. Khuslat,
Entangled hair or branches. A cluster of grapes.
...A == khasm (from -a-), Striving to overcome at law. An
enemy, antagonist, adversary at law, or game. Pr- 3 z-as
khasm-i yak chashm, The devil. Antichrist. The heart. The
sky. A Khasam, A husband, J -a- khasam-li, A woman
whose husband is alive. Khusm, The side or margin (of any
thing). The corner of the eye, gumminess, dust, or any thing
| sticking there. Khasim, Engaged in a law-suit or altercation.
T ra- khism, A friend, a relation.
A v.a-khusam, (pl.of-a- khasim) Antagonists. Enemies.
A J as khusmn, (pl. of -a- khasm and of -a- khasim)
The opposite parties in a suit at law. Antagonists, adversaries.
J- J-a- khusmn-isuly, The elements. (Burhn-i ktie.)
p &L-a-khasmnah, Inimically. Housewifery. (HUNTER.)
ru... a+ khasm-kush, The slayer of an enemy.
P ug--a- khasm-kushi, The slaughter of a foe.
AJ- khusur, (pl. of, as khasr) Middles, waists, loins.
A Je;-- khusus (from Las khassa), Belonging, being pe
culiar to. Doing or giving (anything) in particular (to another).
A thing, business, particular. (pl. of U-- khuss) Houses of reeds.
|
Taverns. Jer J* &ala'l khusus, Chiefly, especially.
A \exas- khussan (or xa- khususlyan), (P &\exa- khu
ssnah) Particularly, especially, chiefly.
A 3-ya- khas us?yat (from Ua-khassa), Being peculiar to.
Doing for, or bestowing upon, peculiarly. Khususyat, Par
ticularity, singularity. Attachment, intimate friendship.
A 3; as khasi, (A camel) casting an abortion in the ninth
month; (according to others) foaling in the thirteenth month.
A ^:-- khusum, (pl. of ** khasm) Enemies, rivals.
A -la- khusumt, (pl. of &ra- khusumat) Law-suits.
A &:-- khusumat (from *-a-), Trying to overcome at law.
Litigation, a law-suit. Enmity. P J% e--a- 2\ izhr-i
khusumat kardan, To declare war, to denounce hostilities.
A as klasi, One who has a pain in the testicles. Khusa',
&as khusyat and of khisyat), Testicles. Khasiy, An
(pl. of
|
eunuch. A gelded animal.
A s as khusyt, A testicle.
Ae-- khis/n, (pl. of Ja-khasiy) Eunuchs,
A.J'a- khusyni, The two pellicles of the scrotum.
|
A Q-a-khasib, A palm-tree, fruitful, abounding in produce.
Cultivated, inhabited (place). -** Q-r-de-Khas?bu'l janab,
Eunuchs.
A var-a-khasis, Peculiar, private.
 _j^e-
- -
616
A & ara-khusaysat, (dim. of &als khssat) Minor nobles.
Aug-a- khasisa' (from Las khassa), Doing, or giving
(any thing) in particular (to another).
A i as khasi, Well made (shoe). (fem. & as khasiat)
Black and white, or of any two colours. (A legion) of the colour
of iron, i. e. in armour. Mixture of new and old milk. Ashes.
A &ra-khasilat, A piece of meat, particularly the coarse
joints, as the thighs, the shoulder, or the leg.
A -a- khasim, Litigating, opposing; an opponent.
A c-a-khasin, A small axe.
A \is khaz, The bruising of any thing moist.
A --d- khizb (from -i-), Tinging (the nails or hair
with cyprus or saffron). Flourishing (a palm-tree). Tincture.
A Ji--is- khuzakhiz, (A place) abounding with wood and
water. Fat, large-bellied (man or camel).
A cis khazd, A soft tree destitute of prickles. A fracture.
A_\i- khazr, Milk thinned with water. Herbs sprouting.
Khizar, (111 of ris-) Selling pot-herbs ere they be full-grown.
A 8) is khuzrat, Greenness. The sea.
A & Ji- khuzrit, Avaricious.
A '-i- khazarim, (pl. of ori- khizrim) (Things) large and
copious. (Men) extremely generous.
A &sjis- khazarimat, Name of a people of Persian origin.
A -j-i- khuzra', Green (corn or herbage). Verdant (field).
Khuzry, Name of a blackish bird. Naval, maritime. Khuz
zara, Green corn.
A J-i- khazs, Writing ink. The meaner kind of women's
apparel or ornaments. A foolish man. Khizz, (111 of Li
khazza, not in use) Selling on credit, lending. Ink.
A {\4- khizt, (111 of 8-i-) Speaking gently (to women).
A JW4- khazf (from -i-i-), Eating (meat). Breaking
wind (at any one). -i- \, y khasii, O impudent (girl)!
A & A.33 khuzmat, Any thing eaten with distended cheeks.
A e- khizn, (111 of cr-) Soothing, coaxing with gentle,
amorous words. Reviling each other with outrageous language.
A c.33 khazb (from Gvi-), Tinging (the nails or hair with
cypress or saffron). Growing green (a palm-tree).
A *. is khuzabat, (A woman) who paints (herself) exces
sively, and tinges (her) hair.
A J2\*** khuzkhz, Tar for anointing scabby camels.
A Jak- khuzkhuz, The east wind, blowing about the solstice.
Khuzakhiz, A watery herb.
As- Khaskhazat (from Jak q), Stirring round.
A 3-4-- khazd (from 94-), Bending (the branch of a tree).
Cutting or breaking (a green stick). Bending his neck (a ca
mel). Eating much; or something moist (as a cucumber).
Whatever is cut off a green branch. A plant. Limberness in
plants. Khazad, (A tree) newly cut. The shrivelling of fruits.
A pain in the bones. Khazid, Unable to rise.
A, as Khizr, Name of a prophet, who, according to Orien
2-&-
tal tradition, was vazir and general to an ancient king of Persia,
called Alexander, or Kaykobd, (not Alexander of Macedon).
They say that he discovered and drank of the fountain of life,
and that in consequence he will not die till the last trumpet. He
is by some confounded with the prophet Elias, and, which is
somewhat singular, likewise with St. George of England, whom
they call Khizr Elias, imagining that the same soul animated
both by transmigration. P s sy Aris-Khizr-i rh gardidan
To guide, to lead the way. A Khazr, Green. Fresh. Of an
agreeable aspect. Khuzar, (pl. of 3ris- khuzrat) Greens, fresh
pot-herbs. Horses or camels of a dust-colour.
A Vis- khazra, Heaven. Azure, party-coloured (legion). A
citadel, a palace. Greenness. er *ris- khazra-u'd dimn,
A comely woman, but of a low family. Wri-yi- khizra mizra,
Freely, with impunity. Well, healthily.
A 5, is khuzrat (from ris-), Being green. Greennes. A
pot-herb. Dusky (camels or horses). Khazirat, A lovely woman.
A ri- khizrim, Overflowing (sea, or well). Anything large
or copious. A generous man. Khuzarim, Sweet or sweetened
water. A young (Lybian) lizard or crocodile.
A ri- khazrawt, Greens, herbs.
A U23s khazaz, Small beads and other ornaments, with which
the lower order of females in Arabia adorn their wrists.
A 8-is khasat, Humility. Khuzua, (pl. of t- khazit
and 8 :-i- khazia) Humble, submissive, obsequious.
A \xi~ khazza, (fem. of t-is- akhzt) Hanging the head.
Low-necked. Well-trained (mare).
A 3-is- khas at and khasatat, The sound of a scourge. Khu.
zazat, Submissive. Tyrannising over equals. A palm-tree from
a date-stone.
A is khagf (from -ij-), Breaking wind (at any "").
Eating meat. Khaza, A small or large melon.
A J-is khazi or khazal, A pure pearl. Coq-de-perle, beat"
or other inferior female ornaments. Khazal (from J-i-), Being
moist. Khazil, Moist. Fresh tender (plant).
A -3.3s khislf, A wild palm-tree. The bdellium-tree.
A&A is khaziat (or &is- khazilat), A pleasant garden or
meadow. Khuzallat, Affluence, the pleasures of life. A wife.
A delicate modest woman. The rainbow.
A&l-is- khizlafat, A small crop of dates.
A ris- khazm (from --), Eating with the mouth full, chew
ing with the grinders. Khazam (from *.ic-), Cutting, at P*
tating. Khazzam or khizamm, A great assembly of m"
Khizamm, A lord, a great and generous man. The sea. A
plump horse. A sharp sword. An aged camel.
A & is khuzammat, The thicker part of the arm next to the
elbow. The middle. The most important part of any busines.
A cris- khan (from cris-), Loading (a camel).
A_2-is khazur (or 3rds khazirat), Green, flourishing,
 *.
A 8 i- khazie, Humble, submissive, obsequious. Khuze
(from *-i-), Being humble, submissive, depressed. Being
quiescent, motionless. Being diligent, laborious. Setting (as
a star). Inviting to any thing bad. Stooping (from age).
Submission, humility, respect, veneration.
A 3,4- khazi, One who breaks wind in presence of others.
A --> khaz7b, Stained, dyed, imbued. ~i= i
al kafu'l khazib, The name of a star, at the zenith of which the
Muhammadans believe every prayer to be favourably heard.
A.M. is khazid, (A tree) cleared of its thorns.
Azis khazir, Green, flourishing. -
A 5-is khazirat, A flourishing palm-tree whose dates fall off
when half ripe.
A*-is- khaziaat, The rumbling of (a horse's) belly.
A&M. is khakilat, A pleasant garden, a verdant meadow.
A *-is khazimat, Wheat softened by boiling. Soft soil.
Green, tender plants.
p!asi khat, Writing. Down upon the cheeks. The beard.
:
Mustaches. A speck, a mole. Fault, blemish. The brim of a
goblet. The mouth of a well. A lance, a spear. Name of a
place where the best spears are made. Khitt, Limits, confines.
The boundary-line of a building,
Ala- Khatt (from as khatta), Drawing lines in the sand.
Writing. Delineating, painting. A line, a stripe, a lineament.
A figure drawn on the sand by conjurors, when making their in
cantations. A character. A letter, epistle, hand-writing. Name
of a place in Yammah. P -se' as khatt-i sdl, A deed of
manumission. C-; ex-3) as khatt as khn nawishtan, To
implore help in a great emergency. A J.5 , as khatt-i azrak,
The fourth line on the cup of Jamshed. |;-) las khatt-i istiw,
The equator. p < 3" as Khatt-i ashk, The fifth line on the
cup of Jamshed. A J} Mas khatt-i awwal, The letter) alif. The
throne of God. Mecca. C Mac khatt-i batil, Sin, wickedness.
re-3 J, as khatt bajahn kashidan, To renounce the
world. ex: S.P. 2 as khatt bar sar kashidan, To disgrace.
A wra as khatt-i Basrah, The third line upon the cup of Jam
shed, Ja as khatt-i butln (or las- a-- khatt-i khati,
a- As khatt-i naskh, or Jj as khatt-i bizr), Cancel
ling, scoring out. ex: as khatt-i Baghdd, The second line
on the cup of Jamshd. Pt Aas khatt-i tigh, A gash with a
sabre. A s- as khatt-i jady, The tropic of Capricorn. Aas
Q- khatt-i jally, A strong plain written character. J- Aas
khatt-i jawr, The first line on the cup of Jamshed. las- -U-2-
husn-i khatt (or plas-L-kh'ush Khatt), Beautiful writing. An
elegant mustachio. Jis as khatt-i Khafiy, A thin character.
P sy As khalt-i rh, A passport. 3- Jack khatt-i sabz, The
first appearance of a beard. An anonymous epistle. A black
line. A Jr- Aas khatt-i saratn, The tropic of Cancer. P las
G- khatt-i sawda-7, An interest-bond. A --: Aa-Khatt-i
617 Was
sharf (or P ex~ <--> res Aas khatt-i humyn-i sata
dat-makrn), Royal letters, diplomas, or mandates, signed or
superscribed by the king's own hand. P & J--: Jack khatt-i
shamshir-band, An appalling letter. A J- Aas- khatt-i z
mini, A security-bond. A ex~ Jas- kht-i &amd, A perpen
dicular line. A J !asi khatt-i ghulam?, A contract for servi
tude, indentures. "p &e. A !--- Khatt-i fardinah (or Jj mus
awwar), The seventh line upon the cup of Jamshed. A t As
khatt-i ktia, A secant. r & &-S Aas khatt-i kasah-gar, The
sixth line upon the cup of Jamshed. L'e; ..as khatt-i kirdar,
The register of the divine decrees. J as khatt kashidan,
To draw a line or lines. To draw a line through a word. To
erase, to obliterate. A --, Aas khatt-i mutawz, A parallel
line. e. As as khatt-i mahdd, A definite line. J Jas
e; As khatt-i ghayr mahdd, An indefinite line. Js las
khat-i mihwar, A longitudinal line. - s as khatt-i mukh
tali, An unequal line. J-c as khatt-i mustadir, A circular
line. ~~~ Aas khatt-i mustakim (p ~99 durust), A right
line. -->< 2 J J-e , as khatt-i mashrik wa maghrib, A lon
gitudinal line. P c- Masi khatt-i mushkin, A mole upon the
cheek. A zs Jas- khatt-i mutawicaj, A curved line. J-k's Aa
khatt-i mikyas, A graduated line. Jk Aas khatt-i mulk,
A tangent. J.-- A- khatt-i munkani, A curved line. Aas
2- khatt-i naskh, A kind of writing of which the author was
&- c Ibn Muklat. J\ ia as khatt-i nisu'n'nahr,
A meridional line. Ji, ..as khatt-i watar, A diagonal line. a
&\.S., khatt wa kitbat, Epistolary correspondence.
A slas khit-a (and sus. khit-at) (from "as-), Sinning, offend
ing. Khit-a, A sin, a crime.
A las Khata-a (or "as khat-a), Sin, fault, crime, error, in
advertency. A blunder. A misfortune. Was-> --> sawab wa
khata, Right and wrong.
A Was- khata, Scythia beyond the Imaus. Name of a province
of Scythia. Northern China.
A Was khit-a (pl. of 3; as- khaticat) Steps.
A cllas khitb (from las-), Conversing. Praying for
the reigning prince from the pulpit. A discourse. Correspon
dence by letter. Title, an address. e-le 2Was khitb-i
&ili-shn, Sublime or divine words. --> Was khitb wa
jawab, Conversation, question and answer. P c ua-Khitb
kardan, To speak. To say, to talk. A Khuttb, (pl. of Cls
khtib) Public speakers.
A \las- khitban, Directly to the point.
A &\as khatbat (from -a--), Becoming a preacher.
Khitbat (from -as-), Preaching. &\las- * film-i khit
bat, Rhetoric, eloquence.
ru's: Wa- khata-bakhsh, Forgiver of sins.
A. Ja- khitabi, Verbal, by speech.
A&Was Khattbi-at, Name of a heretical sect.
4 K
 *-
PL: Uas khat-psh, A coverer of sins, i.e. merciful.
*Aja- khitr, (111 of Aas-), Laying bets, gaming. Putting
any thing at risk. Throwing one's self in the way of danger.
(pl. of a& khatar) Dangers. Khattr, Tremulous (spear);
also he who brandishes it. (A camel) wagging his tail.
Akuas khattt, Afine writer. J." us khatttwl bild,
A geographer. A ..s) Pllas khatttu'l biladi, Geography.
A iklas khattf;(pl. of sua-khutt) Swallows. Hooks,
crooked irons.t-) ius khattifu's' sibiit, The claws of
wild beasts. ius li: baklatu'l khatiti, Swallow-wort.
A Was khattf. A ravisher. Satan. Khutt, A swallow.
A hook; a crooked iron (particularly on each side of a pulley,
through which goes the axis), a grapple. Satan.
p_{\a-khat-kr (or Kua- khata-gar), A sinner, a criminal.
A lak khattlat, An immodest woman.
A ^\las- khitam, A halter. A bridle. A mark on the nose or
the side of beasts of burthen.
p_i as- khatt-awar, A beard beginning to appear. A youth
whose beard and mustaches begin to appear.
A. suas- Khatay, Khatay, a large country in Scythia or Tartary
beyond mount Imaus. Northern China.
A \\las- khataya, (pl. of &las khati-at or of &las- khatiyat)
Sins.
Faults, errors. Wines. Whoredoms.
Ajjua- khata-ir, (pl. of Alas- khatir)Weighty matters.
Alajas khati-it, (pl. of &la-la-khatitat) Lands not watered
by rain (though situated between others which are).
A Ja- khata-Zy, (pl. of as khati-at) Sins, faults. Wines.
A native of Khatay.
A -las khath, A thing, a work. The cause, nature, or state
of any thing. A heavy misfortune. <<!-- L m khatbuka,
How (or what) do you do? Khitb, A betrother. Khitb or khutb,
The word used by the Arabians in contracting of marriages.
Khatab, A bright bay or light red colour. Marriage. A thing.
A work. Khutab, (pl. of &as khutbat) Sermons.
A \las khatb, (fem. of -la- akhtab) (An ass) having a
black stripe down her back. Khutaba, (pl. of ls- khtb
ol" ----- khatib) Preachers. - P Ja- khat-kash, A ruler (to draw lines).
Aela- khutbn, A gourd, yellow with red streaks.
as-), Asking (a woman) in mar
A & las khitbat (from
ragedorao"), betrothing. (em, of las-khitb), (A woman)
asked in marriage. Khutbat (from -a-), Praying for the king.
Khutbat, (or &la=- khutbah), An oration delivered every Fri
day, after the forenoon-service, in the principal Muhammadan
mosques (in which they praise God, bless Muhammad and his
descendants, and pray for the king). This was generally pro
nounced formerly by the reigning Khalf, or the heir apparent.
A Vas khittat, The boundaries or foundation-lines of a house.
A country, territory, region, city. A street. A habitation. P &las
-*J. khitta-ipur bahjat, A place full of delight. A Khuttat,
618
Jes.
A line. An affair (especially one of importance). Design, aim.
A history. Name of a mountain-goat.
A las- khatr (from a-), Vibrating, brandishing (a sword or
spear), striking (with them). Trembling (a lance). Swinging
the arms in walking. Lashing the sides with the tail. A num.
ber of camels, from forty to a thousand. Khitr, A species of
dyeing herb, indigo. Thin watery milk. Many camels. Khatar
(from Aa-), Being in danger. Throwing the die of uncertainty.
Selling what one has not (as a bird in the bush). Danger, jeo.
pardy. Risk, hazard, fortune, gaming. Dignity, nobility, fa.
vour (at court). Like, equal. Pe- Aas- khatar-i jn, The
hazard of life. A Khatir, Great, high in authority. Equalindig.
nity, or esteem. \\} as "As haz khatir lihz, This is equal
in value to that. Khutur, (pl. of Aa- khatar) Dangers, perils.
A ), a- khatarat, The elevating, depressing, and brandish
ing of a spear. (pl. of Aa- khatr) Thoughts. Dangers.
A eye- khutrn or khataran (from A*), Lashing with the
tail. Khataran (from Aa-), Brandishing (a spear). Walking
tremulously. A trembling step. (pl. of las- khatar), Dangers,
P &\la- khatrayah, A kind of dervish's mantle.
A &Aa- khatrabat (from - Aas- Q), Drawing tight (a bow).
Twisting firmly (a rope). Living hardly, faring meanly,
A 5|a- khatrat, The vibration of a tremulous lance. Thought,
reflection. Danger, fear, risk, venture.
A &la- khatrafat (from 5A- o), Walking fast, taking wide
steps. Striking (with a sword). Being loose-skinned (a woman).
P 9 A- khatar-nk, Dangerous.
A Aa- khutru, One who goes swiftly, taking wide steps.
A i. Aa-khitrif, Swift-paced.
A lala-khitat, (pl. of las khittat) Lands marked out for build
ing upon. Streets. Habitations. Khutat, (pl. of &las khuttat)
Lines. Affairs. Designs.
A ilas khat or khata (from -ija-), Seizing, carrying off.
A &a-khalfat, A limb or a joint cut off (by a butcher), or
torn away by a wild beast.
A Jlas- khatfa', A rapid pace.
r_< a.s. khat-guzr, A scribe, a notary. A javelin-man:
A Ja- khuti, (pl. of Ja-) akhtal) Bangle-eared (sheep or
dogs). Hyenas. Khatal (from Ja-), Stammering, being Pe
plexed, and hesitating (in speech). Speaking a great deal of
nonsense. Walking with a swinging motion. Being restless,
unquiet. Being loose and pendulous (the ear). Levity of con
versation, obscenity. Khatil, Long and waving (man, spear."
horse). A crooked spear. A foolish man. A munificent man,
one who gives freely and readily. Piercing quickly. (An
row) missing the mark. Beautiful and thick (man or cloth).
(A garment) sweeping the ground. A gin or rope. (A man)
having rough hard hands.

Ala- Khatl, (fem, of Ja-lakhtal) (A woman) speaking
a great deal foolishly or obscenely. Flap-eared (ewe or bitch).
A slas khatm (from **), Smiting on the nose. Haltering (a
camel or horse). Bringing under by words. The beak (of a
bird), the snout (of an animal). Khutum, (pl. of *** khitm)
Halters. Marks on the nose and sides of beasts of burden.
A&Alas khutmat, The summit of a mountain.
A Ja khatmi, khitm?, or khitmiy, Marsh-mallows.
A * khatic (from ja-), Stepping, proceeding.
A clus khutuwt or khutairt, (pl. of $3.3 khutwat) Steps.
r_\a- khat-war, Made of twigs.
A a- khutub, (pl. of a- khatb) Things, affairs, causes.
Heavy calamities, severe misfortunes.
A 3,4- khatwat, A step, or a pace. Khutwat, The space be
tween the feet. A step.
Aja- khutur (from a-), Entering, occurring to the mind.
Being in favour or estimation (with the king).
A $xas. khuturat (from Aas-), Being in dignity and favour.
Abja- khatt, (A wild ox) pawing the ground. Khutut,
(pl. of a khatt) Lines. Letters, epistles. Blots, faults. k;a-
&c's khutit-i shie-yah, Radial lines, rays of the sun.
A Ja- khutiity, Linear (demonstration).
A J. Ala-Khitta-i awwal (or J% kull), The throne of God.
A Jai khuta', (pl. of 5, as khuticat) Steps. Spaces between
the feet. Khattiy, Produced in, or brought from, la-Khatt.
A -- as khatib, A betrother. An intercessor. A preacher.
A reader of prayers at a mosque. -* khatibu'l am
biy, Jethro, Moses' father-in-law. t ,----- khatib-i
falak, The planet Jupiter.
A Jr. khittiba' (from -**), Betrothing (a woman).
(or "as khatiyat), A sin, a fault, a crime.
Ala khati-at
Wine. Whoredom. Khattiyat, A spear made in as Khatt.
AA- khatr (from la), Lashing (the sides with the tail).
Brandishing or striking with (a sword or spear). Quivering (a
spear). Walking tremulously. Great, honourable, dignified
(man). A camel's halter. Dangerous, hazardous. Ala-2-)
amr-i khatir, An important, doubtful, or dangerous affair. 23
Ala- khtir-i khatir, A penetrating, comprehensive mind.
A5A- khatirat, A play, in which they strike one another
with their twisted mantles.
A lak khatitat, Ground not watered by rain (though si
tuated between others which are).
A as khai, Swift (dromedary).
A&la- khatzfat, A kind of milk-pottage.
Ais-Khazz (from las- khazza), Being unnerved (man).
A Was khaz-a (from Ja: ), Being compact (flesh).
A "*** khazbaz, Compact in flesh.
A *A*- khazrafat (from A- o), Walking with wide steps
(a camel). Striking (with a sword). Being flabby (a woman).
619 \s
A 3.43 khaziabat, Confused chattering.
A3+ khuzw (from 33-), Being firm, compact (flesh).
A e';*s- khazawn, One who gains flesh, or grows plump.
A J.A. u_i~ khazi baci, Firm-fleshed (man or woman).
A ** Khase (from t-- khatta), Making a rattling noise in the
throat (a lynx), impeded in (his) course.
A - s- khus khut, Name of a plant.
P <s- khughjak, A certain root. An ulcer or galling on
the back of a horse. Smacking the lips (a horse wanting water).
P& s- khughjah, Abramble. (CASTELLUs.)
rss- khaghnaj, A black scorpion.
rs- kha, A towel or cloth in which garments are laid up.
A splint for broken bones. A joint. Khaf or khuf, Linen-tinder.
A -- khaff (from *-- khaffa), Crying (as a hyena). Khiff
(from -- khaffa), Being light. Light (of weight, or morals),
without dignity. Nimble, dexterous. A small number of peo
ple. Khuff, A boot. The sole of the human foot. The foot of
a camel or ostrich. An aged camel. Rough, coarse earth.
A G-khaa (or \;<-khai-a) (from ;-), Being concealed).
als c_r. baraha 'l khafa-a, The cat was let out of the bag.
A \;<- khaf-a (from u-), Tearing up. Driving into the
ground. Taking to pieces (a house or a tent). Cutting open
(a leathern bottle) and laying it upon a cistern that the earth
may not imbibe the water of it. Entrusting (ones family or
house) to another. Khf-a, A veil, an upper garment, a cur
tain. Any thing concealed.
A c-khift (from ~5-), Speaking in a whisper; telling
a secret. Reading low. Khufat (from c--), Dying suddenly.
A J khaftal, Weak in body and mind.
A J-\s- khufjil, Tongue-tied.
P 4-3- khafachah, An unripe cucumber. A green and sweet
ish pumpkin. Khafachah or khaffachah, A banditti of Arabs.
A -i--khaakhi, (pl. of-3,4- khukhif) Male hyenas.
A ce'ks khafdid (or Meus khafdd), (pl. of ex-kha
faydad) Swift. Young ostriches. -
pj- khufar or khuffar, A reward; a present to a guide.
A 3/3+ khafrat, khiarat, or khufarat, Extreme bashfulness.
Reward of labour, hire. Khifrat (from -), Blushing much,
being ashamed. Whatever preserves palm-trees or corn from
corruption. Khufarat, Protection, safeguard.
A J- khuffash, (p khaffash), A bat, a reremouse.
A 33 khuf, khaaf, or khufff; Light (of conduct or of
weight), undignified. Nimble, agile. Khifri, (pl. of --khiff)
Light, active. Bearing burthens lightly (young men or poor
people). (pl. of Ls- khuff) Boots. Khafff; A boot-maker
or vender. A place near Kufa abounding in lions. Khufff;
Limpid (water). A kind of verse. -
A J-khuffish, (pl. of Luis-khuffsh) Bats, reremice.
4 K 2
 S
A J- khafak or khaffk, Broad-footed before. Khifk, (pl.
of c-khaik or khufak) Gaunt-bellied (horses).
A&W- khaffakat, Lank-bellied (woman). The podex.
P e; \;<- Khaa kardan, To suffocate. (CASTELLUs.)
A d-khafalah, A flock of birds. The noise made by them.
A e- khaffan, A garment worn under armour.
P J- khaanzdan, To cause (a needle) to penetrate.
A \,\;= khafy, (pl. of 3.4 khafiyat) Secrets, mysteries.
Demons or spirits concealed in the earth or in human bodies.
A & khiffat (from -i- khaffa) Being light (in weight or
dignity). Not being oppressed by hard labour. Being quick,
and forward at business. Going fast. Lightness, levity, want
of dignity. Affront, disgrace. Khiffatan, Lightly, superficially.
A -- khaft (from G--), Speaking in a whisper. A low
or whispering speech.
Ajs- khaftar, The king of Mesopotamia, or of Ethiopia.
P e- khaftan, A cuirass, a coat of mail.
A e- khaftan, A garment worn under armour.
P e-- khurndan, To render (the limbs) torpid. To <aduk, or *-j- khqfzadah) A beetle, a may-bug.
cause to kiss each other. To cause to roll. To cause to sleep.
P r khuftak, The night-mare. A heron.
a J-3-khatal, Weak in mind and body.
p c-khuftan, To sleep. To lie down. To sleep (as the
limbs) from a stoppage of the circulation of blood. To kiss.
To equalize, to compare. To compensate. ejs- j nama:-i
khuftan, The prayer before going to sleep.
r (s- Khuftan-j, Place of sleep; a bed, a bed-chamber.
P J- khuftani, Fit to be lain upon.
r;-- khul, The night-mare.
P}~ ; --~ khut o khez, Slowness. A deliberate progress.
Agitation, commotion. Restlessnes, inconstancy. Coition.
P & khaftah, A cough. Khuftah, Sleeping, asleep. Curved,
bent. The game of tipcat. & 2,3,furo khuftah, A low neck.
pe:-- khuridan, To roll, to wallow. To be asleep (the
limbs). To kiss each other.
P * khu), An owl. A sepulchre. Khafaj, Wild mustard.
Khaff or khafuj, The night-mare.
A * khafaj (from *), Trembling. Having a tremor in
the fore legs before raising them up from the ground (a camel).
Having a pain in the leg from fatigue. Being crooked in the
feet. Coition. A kind of disease in a camel.
p\s- khafaj, The night-mare.
P gl- khafchk, Noble. Name of a desert in Turkistan.
P <- khachah, An ingot of gold, silver, or brass, whence Setting (a star). Tapping with anything broad (as a slipper,"
they cut the money to be coined. A fine, a mulet. Legal pu
nishment. The rod with which criminals are flogged. Khifchah,
Braided hair. A straight branch shooting upwards. Khufchah,
Name of a fruit-bearing tree.
AUks khafkhat, (A woman) speaking through the nose.
a & ks-khakhafat, The noise made by a hyena or dog whilst
devouring their food. The rustling of new clothes.
A i, s- Khukhi. A bird clapping its wings. A hyena.
A *-khad (or ex~) (from Aks), Going fast (an ostrich).
Peaks khaftln, A military garment worn in battle.
A **- khuulud (or Q: AK-- Khufdad), A bat.
P s- Khaalah, Bent, curved, crooked.
Pe-- khafildan, To suffocate. To cough. To distend.
A_*- khafr (from Ji-) Protecting, patronizing. Khafar
(from 25-), Being very bashful. Excessive modesty.
A 5,3- khurat, Patronage. Khafirat, Bashful (woman).
p z- Khafraj, also khafarj, Purslane. Khifrij or khuruj,
One who holds any thing by the nails.
A &#3. kharajat, The being well fed.
PU;-- khafrak, A word used in abuse.
P t- khafranj, The night-mare.
A c- khafranj, Soft, tender, delicate.
P}< kha), (e;-- khajad, 29}}< khafad, t kha.
A U-- khafs (from U.S.-), Deriding, ridiculing. Over
throwing. Speaking obscenely. Eating little. Conquering at
wrestling. Putting water in wine.
A U- khafsh (from U.S.), Throwing. Khaash (from
(from Ut-), Being weak, feeble. Smallness of the eye,
weakness of sight (such as see in the night not in the day, and in
a dull not a clear medium).
A U-3-khash, (fem. of Ul akhfash) Small-eyed, weak.
sighted. Seeing more clearly by night than by day.
A Li-khaf (from L&), Abasing (the proud). Presing
down (a camel's head) that he may kneel down. Lowering
(the voice). Dropping (the wings to him), i.e. yielding. Put
ting the vowel kasra () under the last letter of the oblique case
(called likewise 2-jarr). Going gently (a beast of burden).
Living easily, quietly, agreeably. Circumcising (a girl). A low
tone, a whisper. A gentle pace.
A s-khae (from s-s-), Being giddy (from hunger, o
some other cause). Striking (with a sword). Khafat, A veil,
curtain. Khafat, (or ex- khafatn) Looseness in the joints.
A J-ks khafshal, Oppressed at the stomach. One who
walks slow, with distorted legs.
AJ< khafk (from c-), Palpitating, trembling, waving
(a standard). Nodding the head when sleeping. Vibrating
(lightning). Making a whistling noise (the wind). Creaking
(as shoes). Being almost passed (the night). Flying (a bird).
the flat of a sword). Khafik or khufak, Slender-bodied (horse).
A c- khafakn (from C-), Palpitating, trembling (a
standard, or the heart). A palpitation of the heart.
A G- khafaknzy, Subject to palpitation.
A& khikat, Anything flat with which one is beaten.

us-
pe 35-khak or khafak, Suffocation, strangulation.
P J- khafagi, Anger, displeasure.
A c-khaan, Laxity of the external belly.
r & Khaanj, Profit, advantage. Pleasure, delight. Blan
amn, coquetry. A black scorpion. Khufanj, An owl. A
tomb. Khufunj, Monuments, especially of martyrs.
A J- khaanjal, Overloaded at the stomach. One who
walks slow, with distorted legs.
A Js- khufanja', Needy, short of money.
P J- khafandan, To sprinkle. To cough, to breathe hard.
Pex~ khafandidan, To be suffocated.
A 3-khaw (from 33-), Hiding, concealing. Flashing (light
ning). Lightning which flashes from the sides of a cloud, and
diffusing itself widely; (when it glances slightly it is called
L waniz, and when it darts in a perpendicular direction it
is named & takikat).
A -->;-- khafut, A lean woman, one who looks deformed in
comparison with others. Khufut (from -3-), Being subdued
(tone). Ceasing to speak, becoming mute (a dead person).
A exi- khaud, (A camel) casting an abortion.
A -khuf (from -- khaffa), Being small. Walking
fast. Being quick, nimble, obedient. Khaffif, A hyena.
A J- khafik, Slender in the middle (a horse). Khuak
(from c-), Setting (a star). The waft of a streamer.
r & khafah, (sfii Phlegm). The cough. Suffocation,
strangling. Angry, displeased. c & khafah kardan, To
strangle. Khufah, A cough.
J- khuy (from Ji-), Flashing widely (lightning). Hid
A prevent its sucking. Pinning (clothes) with a skewer. A track
ing, concealing. Making manifest. Driving out of their holes
(mice). Dissimulation. Khafiy, Clandestine, concealed. Fine
writing (opposed to J-jaliy).
A c- khiiyani, The voice and footsteps of a woman.
A & khiat also khuyat, Concealment. Khayatan also
khtyatan, Privately, secretly. Khafyat, Any thing hidden.
A secret. A demon supposed to lurk in the earth, or to possess
demoniacs. Maniacal madness. A well which has been often
dug (the waters having sunk). A place abounding with lions.
*** khafd, Celebrated, lauded, notorious.
A **s khafid, A swift-going young ostrich.
A **- khafaydad, Swift. A nimble ostrich.
Peris khafidan, To breathe, breathe hard, pant for breath.
To cough. To penetrate. To sneeze. To wither.
***- khafidah, Strangled, suffocated. A benumbed or
sleeping limb. Khufidah, Troubled with a cough.
Aris- khafir, A protector, guardian, tutor. Very bashful
(woman). Toll paid for protection of the roads.
A Lks khais, Much-diluted (wine).
A Li-khafiz, Pressed down, made submissive. Obsequious.
The conveniences of life.
l \-
6
A --- khaf', Light (of weight). Undignified, immoral,
weak in understanding. Nimble, dextrous, A species of verse.
A sle s- khai da-irah, Centre of a circle. (HUNTER).
A G- khafk, Extremely fleet (horse). -
A UVs" & khuyah-mahal, Landshid from government.
rv; &#~ khuyah-natc7s (also j & khuyah-nigar),
A writer of secret intelligence, employed by government.
A cs khikk, A fissure in the ground. Khukk, A pond or
other reservoir full of cracks (from the drying up of the water).
A es- Khakn, Name of a king of the Turks.
A - khakkhakat, The noise made by an emaciated sheath.
A & khukumat, (pl. of J- khakn) Turkish emperors.
A 3: khakirk, (A horse) making a noise with his sheath.
Khukk, (pl. of G-khikk) Fissures, cracks in the ground.
A c- khakk (from c- khakk), Making a noise from lean
ness (the sheath of a beast). Murmuring, simmering (a pot over
the fire). Creaking.
r $3.3 khakushk, An earthen painted jar, in which the
Persians put sweetmeats, &c. and present them to their friends
at the festival of jy; naw ros, or new-year's day. These jars
are also used as childrens' play-things.
P es- khakidan, To trample under foot.
r- Khagaw, Name of a country. **
PJ-khal, Arrival. Khil, Love, sincerity. Khul, Bent, curved,
crooked. Mad. Ashes. The fundament. Khil or khul, Snot.
A J-- khall (from J-khalla), Being diminished, extenuated,
lean. Becoming poor. Slitting the tongue of a young camel to
through sand. (A serpent) creeping (over the sand). A worn
garment. A rent. Thinly plumaged (bird). A vein in the
neck, and in the back. A camel entering into the second year.
Fat. Lean. Khill, Poor, in want. Khill and khull, A friend,
particularly a sincere and intinate one. Intimate friendship.
A \s- khala, (J \- khala tan or \s-\c m khala), Besides,
except. e \s- khal an, Saving that, unless that. Khalil (or
Sks khalat), Green forage.
a W-khal-a (or \- khil-a), Being unmanageable (a ca
mel), lying down without a cause. -
p!-- khil, Mud.
A \- khal-a (from 2-), Being vacant, deserted (a place).
Being at leisure, free. Departing, receding, abstaining from.
Passing by (time). Jesting, ridiculing. A privy. An abode,
a station. A desert. As f 3- 9) and minka khal-a, I am
independent of thee. Khila-a, (111 of \s-) Now leaving, now
taking. (111 of 3-) Leaving, dismissing, bidding adieu.
P As khalb, Mud. Water mixed with mud. A slippery
place. Khilb, Clay. Filth. Dirty water. Soft earth or mire
into which the feet sink. Men blindly following their passions.
A c- khilb, (111 of ~4-), Deceiving.
A --- khallb, A deceiver, a liar.
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* \-

A s khilbat (from --), Deceiving with words, disap
pointing. Tongs, forceps. (Exod. xxv. 38.)
pr- khalabar (or Lk- khalabash), A boarded servant.
A U-)- khalabis, A dispersed multitude. Vain. Khulabis,
Courteous language. Artful, fine-spun, vain discourse. A lie.
Aux~ khalbis, Vain, false. A lie, a fabulous tradition,
a romance. Separated (from the flock). Worthless men.
A g- khilaj, (111 of g) Affecting with anxiety.
a J-4-khalikhil, (pl. of Jkhaikhai, khuuhai, and of
J- khalkhl) Rings worn round the ankles.
A Jas-M3 khalkhil, (pl. of Jug- khalkhl) Ankle-rings.
A L-k- khilas, (111 of vls.) Snatching from another.
A J-- khalasiy, A mulatto boy. A fowl from across breed. Khallak, Creating, forming well. The Creator. - J
A 3-13 khalasiyat, Hair of two colours. khallk-i k-int, Creator of the universe. We ,-\s Afts
pLs- khalash or khilsh, Tumult, strife. Khilsh, Muddy khallak-i taja-ib-i talam, Creator of the wonders of the world.
water. A miry place.
r &-khalshmah, (khalashimah, or khilshmah) A disease
from indigestion. A sore throat.
p &l-khalshah, Rubbish of sticks, or thorns. A rudder.
rk- khalash?, A mariner, a sailor.
A Jes- khalas, Liberation, release. Redemption. Liberty,
health. P e Js- khalas kardan, To set at liberty. A Khilas
(from L**) Being good, excellent, well. Being pure, unmixed.
Reaching, arriving at. Escaping safe and sound. Safety, health.
Gold or silver purified in the fire. Clarified butter. The best
and purest part of any thing. Sediment, lees. (111 of L4-)
Acting sincerely, candidly (towards another). Khallas, Asaviour.
A. Jek- khilas, Pure gold, genuine coin.
a 3.23 khulsat or khilsat, The purest and best part or sub
stance of any thing. Purified or clarified butter. Gold or silver
purified. The essence of a thing. Khulsat or 4.2\s- khulasah,
Abstract, conclusion, inference, moral. Spacious, roomy.
AJ- khalas?, Freedom, liberation, redemption, discharge.
A sailor. A native artillery-man.
p!-- Khalt, Name of the capital of lesser Armenia.
Ak khilt, (111 of 4-) Mixing. Coition. Involving in
distress. Being perplexed in mind. A crowd, troop, or flock.
A c- khilt, (111 of 8-13-) Sueing to for a divorce (a wife).
Staking one's garment. Khulaz, The palsy, the epilepsy.
A 3-As- khaltat (from t), Sending forth the ears (corn).
Putting forth leaves and flourishing (the tree called 5\ic tizat).
r 3)- Khalf. A willow, an osier.
A k khil, (III of -s-) Opposing, contradicting, re
belling against. Visiting (a woman) in the absence of her hus
band or her master. Contradiction, opposition. Contrariety, re
verse. Lie, falshood, imposition. A sleeve. \; -- khilf-i
inh, A false relation, a lie, a fiction. G--s-khilf-i hakk,
Contrary to truth or justice. Iniquitously. .82% ,-l
khilf-i share-i sharif, Against law and justice. , &- ,-4
c- khilf-i sulh wa salah, Repugnant to the spirit of the peace.
-** 3- khilf-i tabitat, Against nature, contrary to cus.
tom. Je 5.3 khilf-i takl, Contrary to reason. J -
khilf-i kiys, Ungrammatical. Jax -3.3 khilf-i muttd,
Contrary to ordinary practice. 2.) U.S. ,-\-khilf-i nasul
amr, Against the soul of the thing, i.e. contrary to truth. cr"
,-3)- min khilft, From the opposite side.
A&M-khilfat (from -ij-), Succeeding, supplying another's
place. The khilfat, vicegerency, lieutenancy. Imperial dignity.
A J- khalak, A portion of good fortune or happiness. Khi
lak, (111 of G+) Showing kindness, or good will (to any one).
A portion of good fortune or happiness. A species of aromatic.
A 33.3 khalkat (from c-), Being light, smooth.
P 3}<-khalakat, Mockery; a laughing-stock. Weariness,
A J-khall, Sour dates. Khill, (111 of J-khalla) Shewing
affection, cultivating friendship. A tooth-pick, or anythingsimilar,
as a wooden bodkin or skewer, a pin, a peg. A skewer passed
through the tongue of a young camel to prevent him from suck
ing. Thorns growing out of palm-branches. The middle of
any thing, a space or interval between two things. A rule, mode,
usage, manner, or style. J-9.J.- khill-i farisi, The Persian
style or manner (of writing). (pl. of J.- khall) Winegars, (pl.
of 3.13. khallat) Qualities, or properties. (pl. of - khullat)
Friends. (pl. of J3 khalal) Infirmities. Distractions of mind.
Dispersions. Interstices, intervals. Khulal, Ripe dates sought
amongst unripe ones. Anything sweet turning sour. Khallal, A
vinegar-merchant.
* J khill, An ear-picker; also a tooth-pick. J
khill kardan, To leave off eating. , A. J|- khill-i m
man?, The sweet rush from which tooth-picks are made.
A&M-khallat or khillat, Sincere friendship, candour, sin
cerity. Khilalat, A tooth-pick. A damsel. Khullat, Bits of
meat sticking between the teeth.
P e)All- khill-dn, A tooth-pick case.
P J- khalalush, Multitude, tumult; the noise of a crowd.
A J}< khulally, Ripe dates sought amongst unripe ones.
A c- khilm, (III of s- not in use) Cultivating friendship.
A}< \si khala mal, Unfeigned friendship. (HUNTER.)
A J-khalmis, (pl. of Jy's khulmus) Pasturing cat
tle for four days, and watering them morning and evening at
different places.
P e's khaln, Thin clay or mud (at the bottom of a cistern).
A e's khulln, (pl. of J.'s khalil) Intimate friends.
A g-khalinii, (pl. of ** khalanj) Trees from which
arrows or trenchers are made.
 -A-
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P Ls- khalnsh, Tumult, contention. The clamour of a the sea.
mob. The water-lily. Name of a medicine.
p e- khalndan, To insert, to stick in, to fix.
P Js- khalawush, Busy hum, noise, tumult.
P **- khalawah or khilwah, Astonished. Clamour.
p :)-- khilh, Clay, loam, mud.
A\\s- khaly, (pl. of 3.13 khaliyat) Ships. Beehives.
A-ij- khal-i, (pl. of &z=-khalfat) Vicegerents, khalis.
Ac- khala-ik, (pl. of c- khalk) Men, people, nations,
creatures. A servant, a slave. (pl. of 33.3 khalikat) Natures,
tempers, dispositions. Creatures. Summits of hills adapted for
receiving showers.
A 4 khalb (from 4-), Wounding with the mails, tear
ing. Cutting grass. Deceiving, cajoling. Khilb, A nail, claw,
or talon. The pericardium. The envelope of the liver. The
diaphragm. \-) 44 khilbu n' misa, A favorite of women.
Khulb or khulub, The fibres of the palm-tree, of which they
make ropes. A rope made of the same. The heart or pith of
the palm-tree. Clay, black and stiff. Khullab, Clouds without
rain. 44 A3, bark-i khullab, Lightning when not followed
by rain, (proverbially) a vain-promiser.
P --- khilb, Snot. Khulb, A powder for the eyes. Khalab,
A reed not yet wrought into a pen.
G s- khalbay, (Xax&yn) Galbanum, benzoin.
A & khalabat, Deceivers, liars. Khalibat, A female de
ceiver. (A woman) walking airily or haughtily.
A 3-4- khalbasat (from J- Q), Flattering, bewitching.
A & als khalbasat (from Las- Q), Running away (a man).
A c- khalban, Foolish (woman). Thin, lean (woman).
A~~~ khalbub, (common gender) A deceiver, a liar.
AJes khalabus, Name of a bird smaller than a sparrow.
. A is khallat, Nature, property, quality (good or bad). Po
verty. Sour, pricked wine. A quantity of vinegar. One heap
of sand. A camel entered into the second year. A small hole,
a chink, a gap. Khillat, A rich sword-sheath of leather adorned
with jewels and gold. A camel's nerve whipt round the horns
of a bow. Bits of meat picked from between the teeth. A sin
cere friend. Khullat (from Js- khalla), Being diminished,
lean (flesh). Friendship. Poverty. A friend. A plant of
which camels are fond. 4-exas. Al-khullat-i makhssah, Most
intimate friendship.
A * khalj (from *), Drawing away, carrying off. Wean
ing. Moving, shaking; brandishing and piercing with a spear.
Making a signal by a wink of the eye, admonishing. Engross
ing, occupying (care). Coition. Khalaj, The aching of the
bones from excessive labour, lassitude. Corruption, fault, ble
mish. Khuluj, (pl. of ** khalij) Small ships. Bays, gulphs.
Canals leading from the main stream. Wooden platters.
A ess- khuljan, (pl. of t- khalij) Bays, gulphs, arms of
c
Khalajn (from *), Throbbing, beating (a limb);
winking, twinkling (the eye). Giving to understand by a wink.
Occurring to the mind. Agitation, commotion, anxiety, curiosity,
re-e. khalajn shudan, To tremble, to be agitated.
A&- khalijat, Winking (eye).
A ** khaljam, Long, large, corpulent.
P * khalach, A horde of Turkomns.
P * khulchah, A stick with a curved head.
P * khallakh, khullukh or khullakh, Name of a large city
in Khatay remarkable for the comeliness of its inhabitants.
P J- khalkhl, Name of a large city between Giln and
Kazwin. An ankle-ring. J3 J- khalkhl-i zar, The sun.
A Js- khalkhl, The ring (of gold or silver) worn by the
Arabian ladies round their ankles. Fine thin cloth.
A ej khalkhn, Name of an herb found near Balkh.
A Jkhalkhal, Fine thin cloths. Khalkhal or khulkhal,
An ankle-ring (of gold or silver).
A &\s khalkhalat (from JA+ Q), Stripping a bone.
A M3 khuld (from el-), Being perennial. Having a green
old age. Eternity, perpetuity. Paradise, everlasting bliss. A
green old age. A mole, a shrew-mouse. Khalad, The mind,
heart, thoughts. Khalad or khulad, (pl. of $2.3 khaladat) Ear
rings, bracelets. Khallad, (in prayer) May he cause to endure
for ever! &#)-4, 33 khallada'llah khilfatahu, May God
perpetuate his empire
A J'Al- khildn, (pl. of Al-khuld) Moles.
A 5Als- khuldat, One mole. Khaladat, An ear-ring, a brace
let. Khiladat, (pl. of $4.3 khaladat) Ear-rings.
A 3%. J& khuld-makani, Exalted to heaven.
r_< khalar, khular, also khullar, Pease. Beans. Khular
or khullar, Trifles. Great.
A vls. khals (from J-4), Seizing, drawing away, carrying
off. Ripe hay, at the roots of which green herbage is sprouting up.
Khuls, (pl. of \-- khals and 3-k-khalsyat) (Women)
half-gray. Khulas, (pl. of 3-13 khulsat) Spoils.
A U-13 khalsa (fem. of v- khalis), Half-gray (woman).
A 3-1-khulsat, Rapine, plunder. Herbage, or date-stones,
partly dry, partly green.
P U.4 khalish, A wounding. The sinking (of a thorn) into
the flesh. Putting a stop to, interruption. Solicitude, suspicion.
P & 3.13 khalashk or khalushk, The feet of long drawers.
Khulshak, Spittle. See - 3.3 khukshak.
skA L4- khalasa, (fut. Jes: yakhlusu) He escaped safe.
A J4+ khils, A sincere friend. Khalas, A species of sweet
smelling tree. Khullas, (pl. of J.-- khalis) Pure, sincere.
A Vas khalsa, A place in a desert in which there is a fountain.
A Ja- khulsan, A friend. (pl. of J4+ khils) Friends,
_-
 s 624 G
A 3.23. Khalasat, Name of an idol once worshipped in Arabia. al khulaf-ur rshidn, The four lawful khalis, i. e. Abbakr,
A la's khalt (from!--), Mixing. Confusion, mixture. Plas Omar, Othmn, and Aliy, the immediate successors of Muham
J, khalt shudan, To be mixed. To be astonished. e las mad. (The Persians do not acknowledge the three first, being
khalt kardan, To mix, blend, confound. A Khilt, A mixture, a of the sect of Aliy). (See asar.)
miscellany. Dirt. A humour, of which there are four in the A J- khulfan, Rebellion.
human body. A man of mean or mixed origin. Ignoble. A A G- khalfnzy, One who goes or steps back.
fool. A bow or arrow, which, from the curved nature of the A &-khalat (from -ij-), Substituting another in your
wood, cannot be made straight. A-G -- khilt-i sid, Canker place. A guide. Khiat, (from -...-) Opposing. Succeeding.
of a sore. Khalit, Mixing, Khulut (or \ khulat), (pl. of Posterity, succession. A vicar. A substitute (person or thing),
g khalit) Mixed, blended. Partners, neighbours. a succedaneum, one thing following another. The vicissitude
A&l=3 khiltat, Society, company. Khultat, Partnership. of day and night. Offspring of different sexes. Plants growing
A e-s- khaltn, Water wherein dates or raisins have been up after others are withered. Autumn or summer herbs or fruits
steeped, until they ferment and become spirituous. succeeding those of the spring. Fruits of two colours, i.e. green
A t- Khala (from t), Drawing out (slowly). Pulling off and ripe upon the same tree. A flux in which various humours
(clothes). Deposing, removing from office. Repudiating a are ejected. Various-coloured. A pregnant camel. A place
wife, when desired by herself from an aversion to her husband; for drawing water. Khalifat, Adversaries. Successors, followers.
(on which account she resigns all settlements, and the presents A & Khilafnat, Repugnance, pertinacity.
made to her at marriage, which, had the divorce taken place at r & khulah, Purslain.
his motion, must have been kept by or delivered to her). Disin A J- khalaz, Successive.
heriting a son and turning him out of doors. Putting forth the A <!- Khalyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
beard (an ear of corn). Waxing strong (a youth). Investing A J- khalk (from c-), Measuring accurately, defining the
with a robe of honour. Hunting. Departing from any place. dimensions. Producing, creating, preparing, framing. Feign
Meat dressed with sweet herbs, also flesh dried in the air, which ing, inventing (a lie). Smoothing, polishing (an oration). Al
travellers carry as provisions. Khule, Divorcement. Khalat, tributing verses or expressions to another of which he was not
Slaughter, rout. Khilat, (pl. of x- khilat) Robes of honour, the author. Created things, creatures. Creation, production.
with which princes invest those whom they mean to distinguish. People, a nation, the populace. The world. Some one. Much,
A \- khulat, (pl. of 83. kha/78) Dissolute (youths). many. &\!" c- khalkhu'llah, Gods creatures. re-" &
A 3x3- khalat (from t-), Investing with a robe of honour. khalk-i atish in, Devils. Khulk-i atishin, Anger, fury. AJR
Khileat, The most valuable part of one's estate or effects. A c-jahil khalk, The vulgar, ignorant people. r_j\}\,- J
robe of honour. 3,3-9 -- khil-at-i fakhirah, A royal robe, khalk-i chahr yr, An appellation which the Turks give un"
a kafn. Khuleat, A divorce granted at the request of the themselves. A * J- khalk-i talam, Mortals, people. Js.
wife. A woman thus divorced. The best part of one's property. "Ac khalk-i eadalat, An appellation which the Persians give
A 3 khalf (from --) Coming, after or behind, suc themselves. P es; J- khalk kardan, To create. A Khulk or
ceeding (as day to day, or as people to people). Substituting. khuluk, Nature, quality, property, custom, manner (generally
Piecing or mending a garment. Drawing or drinking water. in a good sense). Disposition, temper. Religion. Fortitude.
A successor. The latter part. Posterity. A wicked saying. Khalak (from c-), Being thread-bare (a garment); made
A camel's stable. A place where dates are dried. Compensa smooth (the side of a horse, by rubbing off the hair). The side
tion, retribution, reward. A spurious rib. Khala (from i), of a horse. Worn-out clothes. The interior part (of a cave").
Coming after. Succeeding to the place of another. Drawing The smoothest part of the forehead. Smooth cloth. Khalik,
water. Being depraved. Being corrupted (as meat, or milk). Creating, forming. Of an excellent disposition. Khullak, Pre
Smelling badly (the breath when fasting). Leaning to one side ternaturally strait (woman).
occasioned by a distorted limb (a camel). A successor. Pos p c- khalik, Old, worn out (thing).

terity, descendants. An heir, favourite son. 3, .-- khalaf-i A \-khalk, (fem.of c- akhlak) (A stone) smooth, equal,
ashraft, His most noble son or successor. Khil, A camel's dug. free from fissure or flaw. Poor. (A woman) of an excellent
Short rib. Khul, Breach of promise. Khali, Pregnant cannel. disposition; also one impervious.
A "Ls Khalaan, successively. ** khalaan P e- khulkn, Very unsightly, sordid (thing).

basla salain, Successively, uninterruptedly. A es. khulkn, (pl. of G-khalak) Threadbare garments.
A \-khulaf, (pl. of & khaliat) Vicars, substitutes, lieu * Cx; J's khulkn-farsh, A seller of old wares.
tenants, khalifs. Emperors, kings, princes. *- s- khu A & khalkt (from c), Measuring accurately, defining.
lah-i ansmnyah, The emperors of the Turks. eye-!" Als Creating, framing. Inventing (a lie). Polishing, smoothing.
 2 625 4

Highly finishing (a discourse). A circle, a ring. A buckle. A
hoop. Khilkat, Creation. The exterior form, the shape. (A
cloud) disposed to rain. The creation, people, populace, the
world. Khulkat, The disposition or turn of mind. Khalikat,
(A cloud) disposed to rain. - -
a Jils khalky, Natural.
A & khalkiyat, Creation.
r 4 khalak, A defect, a flaw. A gap, a chink.
AJ& khalal (from J& khalla), Being marred, thrown into
confusion (business), by fault or negligence. Rupture, breach,
gap, interruption. Defeat, danger, change for the worse. Dis
turbance, disorder of the spirits, infirmity. &\s J3 khalal-i
dimgh, A disturbed brain, madness, melancholy. Khilal (pl.
of 3.13 khillat) Rich sword-sheaths. Shreds of meat picked
from between the teeth. Khulal, Thorny plants (of a pleasant
flavour). Bits of meat sticking between the teeth.
pj|A; J13 khalal-andz, Throwing into confusion.
P * khilm and khilim, Anger, indignation. Adhesive mud.
Khilm, khilim, or khilum, Snot. Khulum, Name of one of the
dependencies of Balkh.
A 's khilm, A friend, a companion. The covert of a deer.
A Vls khulam, (pl. of * khilm) Friends. Coverts of deer.
f sal-khilim-dah, A snotty nose. (Burhn-i ktie.)
A Jy's khulinus, Pasturing cattle four days and nights, and
driving them to water morning and evening at different places.
P z- khalwj, Name of a carnivorous bird; a kite.
A. C-54 khalub, A deceiver, a liar.
A s-khalwat (from ;4), Being deserted (a place). Sit
ting in private with another. Laughing at, jeering. Retire
ment, solitude, privacy. A closet, a private apartment. Secret
council or debate. *** .<!- khalwat-i sahih, Complete re
tirement, where is no legal or natural impediment to the com
mission of the carnal act of marriage. reje; <!- khalwat
kardan, To retire. To evacuate. To dismiss.
P &l=<!-- khalwat-khnah (or \,-,-- khalicat-sar), The
women's apartment, or any other private apartment. An oratory.
P -99 <!- khalicat-dost, Fond of retirement.
Ps- khalwat-gh, A solitary place, one of retirement.
re; se- khalwat-guzin, Choosing solitude; a recluse.
P e-'- khalwat-nishin, Sitting in solitude; a hermit.
P J- Khalwati, Name of the poet Ismal Jamlu'd'din.
A --- khaluj, Scattered clouds full of rain. A she-camel
losing her milk when her sucking colt is taken away. Khuluj
(from *), Beating, throbbing. Making signs by winking.
A 2,3- khulud (from Al-), Being perpetual. Having a green
old age. Eternity. A fresh and vigorous old age.
A J- khulus (from U-4), Being good, choice, excellent,
pure, unmixed. Reaching to, arriving at. Purity, sincerity,
candour, integrity. Friendship. Khulus or khalus, Sediment.
A -- khulus at, (pl. of Jes. khulus) Purities. Extracts.

F & 3 khulmah, The head of a mace or a military club. A & es- khulusiyat, Purity, candour, honesty.

P cal- khilmidan, To blow the nose. To be angry. A s- khalut, Mixing. A mixer.

P J khulin, A snotty-nosed fellow. P s- khalif, Fetid breath.
A Jls. khalambus, The marcasite; a fire-striking flint.
p * khalanj also khilanj, Of two colours. Piebald. Khi
A 3, 3- khuli (from -ij-), Succeeding, coming behind.
Drawing or drinking water. Becoming very offensive (the
lanj, A black pigeon with mottled wings. Khilinj, Torpor of breath from fasting). Turning (as milk or wine). Being cor
the limbs. A scratching with the nails. rupted by vice (a man). Limping with a distorted shoulder (a
A ** khalanj (or p khulanj), A tree from which they make
camel). - U.- hayy khulu, Arabs absent from their
beams, or wooden bowls. A wooden platter. dwelling-place, not one remaining behind. Present after having
A est- khalanjn, The root galangale. been absent. (pl. of -k- khilf) The short ribs. Camels' teats.
A J}< khaluk, Name of a species of aromatic. Khuluk,
* r_<!-- khalandar, Origany, an herb.
rls khalandah, Penetrating, wounding. (pl. of G- khalk) Men.
A &#24- khulukat (from c-), Being torn, worn (garment).
* <!-- khalang, Of two colours, piebald. Khilang, Pinch
ing the skin with the nails. Of two colours. Being measured, consonant, adapted. Being beautiful of face.
P s- khulu-gurdah, A kind of large plum.
a 3- khalw or khilw, Vacant, solitary, at leisure.
p :- khula, A large well-flavoured damascene plum. A J}s- khulul (from J& khalla), Being diminished, lean.
A}< khalu-a, Stubborn (camel). Not quitting his place. A &\s- khulalat (from J-- khalla), Becoming poor. Amity.
A}~ khaluw, An obstinate camel that will not budge. Khu s- khululy, Any thing common to all. Melancholy,
P

law (from 3+), Being vacant, or deserted (a place). Being at gloominess. Shameless, barefaced. Intrepid.
P *}< khulwah, Disgraced, dishonoured, infamous.
leisure, free, alone. Going away, receding, abstaining. Com
*
ing to any person in private, or requesting a private interview. p &ls khalah, A helm or rudder. Any sharp piercing thing.
Passing away (time). Smiling, laughing at. Besides, except. Void, empty. Lost. A writing signed by a judge, confirming
823) :- khuluieu's zart, Freedom from cares. any mercantile transaction. Trifles, silly discourse. Any thing
A * khulu-a (from W3-), Being obstimate (a camel).
that goes off by degrees. Wind in the belly causing acute pain.
4 L
 626
J ~
A pain in the members. Snot. t- &\s-khala-i chashm, Dirt A 3.4-khalifat (or s-khalifah), A successor; a lieutenant,
in the eyes. Khilah, A mole on the face. Lost. Khulah or a deputy. An emperor, king, prince, sovereign, monarch. This
khullah, Snot. A helm. Idle talk. Khallah, Anything lost. was the title given to the Muhammadan sovereigns or successors
Silly discourse. A disease in the joints. A rudder. A writing of their prophet; to which was annexed the most absolute au.
signed by a judge. thority both in religious and civil government. It was first adopted
a 4-3-khallah, Pricked wine. A poor man. A camel of one by Ab bakr (Muhammad's immediate successor) who would at.
year old. Khullah, A friend. Friendship. A sweet-tasted cept of no other title than 4) Js. khalifaturasilillah,
grass. Khillah, What sticks between the teeth in eating. A (the vicegerent of the apostle of God), which, together with 2.
thong which they bind round the end of a bow. er-!) amiru'l mu-minin, (the commander of the faithful) as
P -->4)- khalah-ch, The rudder of a ship.
sumed by the succeeding Khalf Omar, became the principal
A J- khaly (from J-), Cutting, mowing. Giving grass | titles of all the following princes during a period of 636 years,
to cattle. Khaly, Free, unbound. Owing nothing. Void of viz. from 622, the commencement of the Hijra, till the taking of
care. A bachelor. Khulliy, (A camel) feeding on sweet herbs. Baghdd, and the final period of their empire in the year 1258.
a 3.13. khaliyat, A large ship (as being free from the impulse See ex Baghdd. 4) & 3 khalifatu'llah, The vicegerent
of oars). A bee-hive. Acid, food (composed of raisins, figs, len of God, i.e. Adam. Pers; &!-khalifa-i zamin, The emperor
tils, and minced meat). (fem. of 4- khaliy), A camel taking of the world, i. e. the reigning king.
a liking for another's colt. The divorcing of a wife (in the fol
P J i-khalifkardan, To deceive. To change. (CAST)
lowing manner): Us &!--~" anti khaliyat minn?, Thou art A J- khillifa', Deputyship. Succession. Imperial power,
at liberty from me." A &4- khalik, Worthy, fit, or suitable. Well proportioned.
A c--khillit, Variegated in an uniform way, or in one part. Suited, perfectly adapted. Humane, polite, of good disposition,
r && khalitah, A purse, a linen bag. Khulayk (dim. of c- khalak) Somewhat worn (garment).
A ** khalij, A bay, a gulph, an abyss, a whirlpool. A river A \- khulayk, The tip of a horse's nose.
or its banks. The canal which they open for the discharge of the A & khalikat, Nature, disposition. A creature (man or
animal). The Creator.
Nile, when it swells too high. A small ship. A wooden platter.
A rope for drawing any thing with. P <<!- khalik, A starling, a stare.
A *-- khalajam, Long, large, corpulent. A J.- khalil, A sincere and intimate friend. 4.) J-kha
rs- khalykh, A tree, from which platters are made. lilu'llah (or Js" al khalil), The friend of God, i.e. Abraham.
P e- khalidan, To prick. To pierce into the flesh (a needle Name of the town Hebron where the tomb of Abraham is vene
or thorn) causing pain thereby. To sting (as a scorpion). To sew. rated.The heart. The nose. A spear. The hilt of a sword.
p >3.13 khalidah, Punctured. Stung. A puncture. The place of any man vacant by death. Lean, infirm. Indigent.
rv- khalis, A mixture of two things, as of dry and fresh A &l= khalilat, Friendship. A female friend.
p e-s- khilmdan, To blow the nose.
grass. Hair of two colours. Black mud. Vitriol.
A U-4- khalis, Half gray. Ripe hay, at the roots of which * <!-- khalinah, A purse, a linen bag.
green herbage is sprouting up. P zs- khaliwaj, A kite.
p C.) -- khalish, Warm water. A place in a sultry region s- kham, Crooked, bent, twisted, curled, curved. A curl,
P

the air of which is tempered. A hot place. Black mud. A tu a knot, a ringlet. A ply, a fold. A row, a rank. A house for
mult, a crowd. Khilish, Yielding, adhesive mud. the winter season. A tower. Flight. That part of a noose
Al-As- khalit, Mixed. A partner. A neighbour. Any mix which incircles the neck; also the eye or ring through which
ture (as corn and chaff, clay and straw, hay and grass). the rope runs to form or draw tight the moose. A convex or

A c- la's khalita-i tian, An exciter of disturbance, a sharp roof (en dos dane). Spirituous liquor. As j ** kham
calumniator, a wicked person. (HUNTER). andar kham, Twist within twist; curling locks. e-'9 ** kham
A J- khullayta', Confusion, a perplexed business. A mob. dadan, To bend. To repel. To resist. Jj ** kham sailan,
A t- khalia, Wicked (youth, and therefore deserted by his To flee away. Je s- kham Kardan, To bend, to crook. To
friends). A hunter. A worn-out garment. The worst throw at twist, to curl. --> s- kham o cham, Coquetry, the blandish
dice. A wolf. A demon, called also Ghul, supposed to feed on ments of a mistress. Elegant, graceful. Khim, A kind of owl
dead bodies. J&s" t!- khaliau'l cisar, Simple, free from (having a pleasant voice). A painful wound. A consump"
every kind of accession or encumbrance (as a face without a Nature, disposition. (for al-khilm), Snot. Khum, Ajar, a large
beard, a camel without a halter, or a road without a barrier). vessel. An alembic, a still. A trumpet. A cymbal. A drum.
A cils khali, Mended (garment). Twisted, folded up. A Silence. An arch, a vault. Silent. eyes. khum-i dhan
way between two mountains. The armpit or oxter of a camel. gun, The firmament. ****) rynah-khum, A brazendr"
 \-
: A * khamm (from ** khamma), Stinking (as meat).
2. .
tracting an unpleasant smell (a milk-bottle). Cleaning out (a
well). Being confined in a coop (a hen). Khimm, An empty
garden. Khumm, A crib for fowls. Name of a place.
Ay-la- khumjir, Brackish water. Coiled. A coil.
A c- khumh, Name of a plant growing in Arabia Felix.
P2-&- \as kham khusraw, Name of a note in music.
A scus- khumaza', Intense heat.
Ajs- khimr, (111 of 23-) Hiding one's self, lurking. Fre
quenting or residing constantly (at a place). Selling a free man
as a slave. Mixing with, interfering in. Altering, disturbing
(the mind). Bringing on a dizziness in the head (disease). A wo
man's veil or head-dress.<\- * Le ma shamma khimraka,
What has befallen you? Khumar, The head-ach, or crop-sick
ness after drinking. A languishing appearance of the eyes, the
effect of love, drowsiness, or drinking. Khammr, A vintner, a
wine-merchant. Khammar or khumar, A great crowd.
ry- khumr, Crop-sickness after drinking. Name of a
city in Khata. Khammr, Addicted to drinking; a drunkard.
re,T_\as khumr-ld, Intoxicating (eyes). (HUNTER.)
P &\-j- khumr-khanah, A tavern. (HUNTER.)
A J-s- khumsy, A word of five letters. A thing of five
spans. Any thing belonging to, or consisting of five.
P Ls- khamsh (or a sus-), Shavings, parings, rubbish.
A Luis- khumsht, Remains of enmity, grudges.
A &-khumshat, A wound or any injury for which there
is no fixed punishment.
A Jes- khims, (pl. of La- or Le-) Lank-bellied.
Abus- khimat, Roasted meat.
A &\s. khume and khamt, One who limps or halts.
A Jus khuml, A limping gait, or the cause of it.
Aelus khimlt, (pl. of & Ls khimlat) Secrets.
A&lu- khamlat, The plumage of an ostrich.
A c- khammm, The dregs of the people. The meaner
kind of utensils. A limber spear.
A &ts- khummat, The sweepings or filth of a house; the
mud taken out of a well. The offals or crumbs which any one
eats from motives of piety, that nothing may be lost.
es- khamn (equivalent to es kaman), A bow.
P
A Js. khamn, The elder-tree. Khammn, A limber spear.
The dregs of the people. Khimmn or khummn, The dregs
of the people. Mean furniture.
* Gus- khamn, A rival. Emulous. (CASTELLUs)
*Js- khamn-7, Similitude. (CASTELLUs.) are preserved. A small drum carried by mendicants. A little
p Js. khamndan, To be bent, curved, or twisted. To vessel for keeping leaven in. Leaven. A small mat of palm
distort the mouth, to make mouths at, to ridicule. To counter
feit the speech of another. To calumniate. To tell a secret.
reus khumhn (or ejs- khumhan), A kind of hard
stone, which when brayed and dissolved in water makes a reddle.
627 _-t
Con persus khamhan, A species of black shells inclining to red.
A Jlas kham-il, Soft silks, velvets.
P -- khumb, A large vessel or jar. A trumpet.
P j-khambzah, Yawning.
P ** *s- kham ba kham, Coiled up together.
ps, as khum-barah, A small jar. A rocket. Name of a bird.
P < khumt, A large jar.
A * khamaj, Weakness. Listlessness. Perversion (of the
mind), corruption (of religion). Rottenness (of dates), taint (of
meat). Infamy. Languid. Khamij, Depraved in morals.
P als khamjaj, A large painted globular glass vessel. A
money-purse. A travelling bag for combs or tinder-boxes.
AA- khamjar, (khumajir or 2J- khamjarr), Brack
ish water, which none but cattle will drink.
A2, s khamjarir, Bitter. Brackish water.
A & Lls- khamjalilat, A tumult.
P < khumchah, A small wine-jar.
P &\s khum-khnah, A wine-vault or binn. A tavern.
p;&^+ khumkhar, Fermented dough.
A *** khimkhim, A thorny plant. An udder full of milk.
Khumkhum, The wild pomegranate.
A &t khamkhamat (from .*** Q), Speaking through
the nose, muttering (from pride). Devouring ungracefully.
A M4s- khamad (from A^-), Becoming low (fire).
Pyle ** kham-dr, Twisted, curled, bent, crooked.
P e)*- khum-dn, A repository for jars. A potter's kiln.
P & X-khamdah, Curved, bent. Asleep.
Ayas-khamr (from Ps-), Covering, hiding, suppressing (evi
dence). Concealed (news, &c.). Fermenting, leavening. Feel
ing ashamed (for another). Drinking wine. Wine. Evil. A
crowd. Ls As khamru'l himr, A species of soap-ashes.
Khumr or khumur, (pl. of js- khimr) Women's veils or coifs.
Khamar (from 24-), Lying hid. Being concealed (as news).
Any thing which obstructs the view (as a veil, a crowd, a heap
of sand, or a clump of trees). 24- J- G.U+j-and gala kha
marin, He came to us privately. Khamir, (A place) abounding
in wine. A man crop-sick from ebriety. One who experiences
a similar sensation on the approach of death.
A 5,23 khamrat, Wine. A great multitude. 3, 3,4-
khamratun sinfun, Pure, undiluted wine. Khimrat, The head
ache or crop-sickness from hard drinking. A mode of cover
ing the head with a veil. Khumrat, A cosmetic for the face.
A small wine-jar, or vessel in which perfumes, oil or sweetmeats
leaves, on which they kneel, or prostrate themselves at prayer.
Khamarat, khimarat or khumarat, Fragrance, a grateful smell.
p&\->s- khamir-khnah, A wine-house, a tavern.
A Jus'As khamr-mahl, Places at which arrack and spi
4 L 2
 J-
rituous liquors are sold; also a branch of revenue arising from
the sale of arrack and other spirituous liquors.
Ply ** khum-roy, A brazen drum, a kettle-drum.
P 3,4- khumrah, A small wine-jar. A bomb-shell.
A U-t-khams, (fem.) Five. (from U-4s-), Taking (from
the people) a fifth of their property by way of tax. Making five
(by going into a company of four people). Khimas, Watering
of camels every fifth day. Camels thus watered. Name of a
certain king of Yaman; also a striped stuff of which he is said
to have been the inventor. Khums or khumus, The fifth part.
A 3-3-khamsat, (masc.) Five. &A-, &-s-khamsat mus
tarikat, Five supplementary days added unto the Persian year.
* cr*~ khamsa-i mann, The five fingers.
re-s- khumistan, A cellar in which wine-jars are stowed.
A c--khamsn, (oblique case c--khamsin) Fifty. Arc
e- tidul khamsin, The feast of Pentecost.
A U.S. khamsh (from U --), Scratching (the visage) with
the nails. Giving a box on the ear. Mutilating in a limb.
P J-khamush (for Ls- khmsh), Silent.
Aj.c. khamshir, An avaricious man.
A Las khams (from Jae-), Emaciating (hunger). Khums,
Going down (as the swelling of a wound). Khamas (from La-),
Falling away (the belly). Being slender-waisted (man).
A e'.<- khumsn or khamasan, Extenuated (in the belly).
Rhumsn, The crepuscle or twilight.
A 3.a4+ khamsat (from J24-), Emaciating (hunger). Hun
ger. A small tract of soft beaten ground.
Ala-khamt (from aa-), Roasting (meat, especially when
skinned). Being well flavoured (milk). Stinking. Anything
bitter or sour (especially a tree yielding but little fruit, as the
ark). Good milk of a pomaceous flavour. Milk, which
though it have lost its sweetness, retains its odour. Sour milk.
Khamat (from al-), Being well-flavoured (milk); also stink
ing. Khamit, Tempestuous (sea).
A&laas khamtat (from *-), Being fragrant (fields). The
odour of vine-flowers. Apple-flavoured (wine). Sweet (land).
A.J.Jaa- khamtarir, Salt water.
A 8-4- khamt (and ejs- khamtn) (from s-s-), Limp
ing. Khim, A wolf. A robber.
r & khumak and khumuk, The noise made in clapping
the hands. Beating time in music. Very deep or high. Khum
mak, An earthen water-pot. The rim of a brazen drum.
r s kham-kadah, A wine-house, a tavern.
r &&.3-kham-gashtah, Crooked.
p J- kham-gosh (or < kham-gshah), The hom
or extremes of a bow.
r Ls khaml, Wild saffron, dog's bane.
A Jas-khaml, The skirts or flaps of a garment. The eye-lids.
A carpet with a long pile. A cushion placed upon a saddle. The
62 8 Ust
--
-
plumage of an ostrich. Khim! also khuml, A sincere friend.
Khamal, (pl. of J.A. khmil) Obscure, unknown, contemptible.
A&as khamlat or khamalat, Camelot, silk and camel'shair;
also all silk or velvet. Khimlat, A secret.
P & Ls khamlah or khumlah, A border of net-work.
Prt > khum-muhrah, A musical instrument, a shell.
A c-khamn (from c-), Conjecturing, guessing.
ru. khimnk, Sick, diseased.
A 343 khamw (from 3-), Becoming thick and hard (milk).
A ex~ khumid (from A*s-), Abating, going out (the flame or
fire). Being assuaged, abated (the heat of a fever). Being
cooled, quieted (in mind). Fainting, dying. Khammad, Any
place where fire is covered up and preserved.
A 2343 khamur, Leaven. Khumur, (pl. of A-khamr) Wines.
r Ut-khamsh (for Lx~ khmsh), Silent. Taciturn.
Dumb. Tame. Dead. The extinguishing of a candle.
A Ly-khamiish, Gnats. Khumush (from U-4-), Scratch
ing with the nails. Giving a box on the ear. Mutilating.
Pejx~ khanoshidan, To keep silence.
A U2 khumils (from La), Subsiding (a swelling).
Akx~ khumut (from a 3-), Being sweet (milk). Stinking.
a 343 khamt, A whore. Khume (from 8-3), Limping.
J** khumal (from J-), Being, or rendering one's self
A
mean, despicable, or of little note. Being obscure, dull, indi*
tinct (sound). Limping. Obscurity, contempt. r & &-
Js- nishastah ba kunj-i khumill, Seated in the nook of solitude.
PJ}^+ khumill, Delay. Solitude. A loiterer. Deferred.
A x~ khumm (from 23-khamma), Becoming stale (dressed
victuals). Stinking (a leathern milk-bottle). Cleaning (a well).
Being confined in a coop (a domestic fowl).
rust-khami, Crookedness, curvature. 39 ** khami-i
zni, The internal bend of the knee.
P *}^*- kham yzah, Yawning, or stretching. e. y.
kham yazah kashidan, To yawn.
A G---khamit, Thick, gross, plump.
P & khamid, The female of every species.
Pe khamidan, To be crooked. To be clear, perspicuous,
celebrated. Khimidan, To blow the nose. (Castellus.)
P 8.xx~ khamdah, Crooked, curved, bent.
Aj khamir, Dough, leaven, or any thing put a m*
of paste to ferment it. Stale or mouldy bread. PU-33-2"
khamir-i kh'ush, Dry, arid. A Khimmir, An habitual drunkard.
A S-khamirat, A mass of dough. Hermodactyl-root.
P * > khamir-mayah, Leaven.
p y-khamirah, Dough. Conserve of roses or violets.
A U--- khamis, A fifth. Anything consisting of five parts
(especially an army composed of thre e lines and the two wing).
th
A garment or piece of cloth of five cubits; also a spear of )ese
dimensions. J- xyawmut khamis, Fifth day, Thursday.
 U-3- 629 <-

A Laza- khamis, Extenuated in the belly. Thin-waisted.
Aas-khanisat, A black garment. Black hair.
Ala-khamit (from a 3-), Being sweet (milk). Stinking.
Sour milk. Roasted meat, especially when skinned (when the
hair only is singed off it is then called ax~ samit).
AJ-3-khamil, Soft meat. Thick clouds. Satin, silk, velvet.
Al-khamlat, Soft sand prod ucing trees. Trees growing turning them outward (a camel). Cutting up (an orange).
close, and intertwining their branches. The plumage of an os
trich. Soft cloths of the silk, velvet, satin, or camelot-kinds.
P &r-khaminah, Heavy, continued, and unseasonable rain.
re- khan (for &l- khnah), A house; as c- J. bd-khan,
A summer-house. c kul-khan, The furnace of a bath.
A c-khann (from c- khanna), Lopping (branches). Seiz
ing (property). Emptying (a basket), taking out one thing after
another. Khinn, A ship in ballast. Khunn, (pl. ofe- akhann)
Persons who speak through the nose. -
Au-khan, Obscenity in conversation. the thropples of horses.
rus khin (for U- hinn), The dyeing herb cyprus.
A -- khanb also khinnb, Long, foolish, and going as if
loose in the joints. Khinnb, Thick-nosed.
A&\ khanbat, Infamy, wickedness. Khinnbat (or
khinna-bat), The side of the nose.
A v- khunabis, Squat, dwarfish. Extremely dark (night).
Of a disagreeable aspect. Ancient. Solid. A lion.
a c-- khinas, (pl. of C--) Folds. (pl. of J) Scrats.
a & khunasat, A rank old catamite.
A J- khansa' or khunisa', (pl. of 2-3.) Hermaphrodites.
*A* khanasir, Misfortunes, evils. "Household utensils.
AA-s- khanajir, (pl. of 2-is- khunjr) Milch camels.
A Je- khandik, (pl. of 3~ khandak) Ditches round forts.
A Jlas khantil, (pl. oflla.<) Herds of camels or oxen.
a &et- Khunteat, Name of the founder of an Arabian tribe.
A -- Khinf (from -i-), Striking her breast with her
hand (a woman). Twisting the nose (a camel) when finding the
reins painful. Turning the head about when running, and looking
towards the rider (a horse). Having the fore-feet tender, and
A *u- khunaij, Very fleshy.
A Jus khanis, (pl. of L--c-khunas, &--- khunfasat,
or \-- khunas) Beetles, May-bugs.
A c- khinak, A halter with which any living creature is
strangled. Khunak, That place of the throat where they usually
strangle. The quinsey, or inflammation in the throat. Strangu
lation. Palpitation of the heart. Khannk, A hangman.
A 330-khunakat, The quinsey or inflammation in the throat.
A 3.5us khunakiyat, A disease affecting the crops of birds and
r t khunik (for J- khunak), The quinsey.
P *u- khunam or khunnam, A disease to which horses, asses,
and mules are subject.
r & Khinmak or khinmuk, Name of an herb.
A Ju-khann, The pleasures of life. Khunin, A rheum at
the nose. A disease in the throat of birds; also in the eye.
A Jar khannis, (pl. of Je;-- khinnaws) Young pigs.
A --~~ khimb, The back parts of the joints of the legs and
thighs. The space between the ribs or fingers. Khanab (from
--~~), Being out of joint and weak (the foot). Suffering
from a cold in the head. A running at the nose. Khinnab,
Long, foolish, and going as if loose in the joints.
P c - khumb, An earthen vessel (for holding wine or wa
ter).Khanab also khamb, A seat raised from the ground and
-

Pseu-khandah, (in the dialect of Giln) An officer who

provided with cushions.
communicates the general's orders to the army. A <!---> zu khunubat, A liar. One who, if he by chance
A&S. khanasiz, (pl. of $3.3 khinziz) Excellent horses,
acts right, defeats immediately the effect by acting wrong.
whether stallions or geldings. Prominent mountain-tops. Lords,
courteous heads of families.
Pej khumbn, Moving, shaking, wagging.
r 3" khimbnak, Name of an herb.
Aj's khunns, A lizard. Jews who keep meat till it slinks.
Aju- khanazir (or Ajs- khanzr), (pl. of 22-khinzir) Pe- khambanidan, To mock. Khumbanidan, To move.
Boars, hogs, swine. Swellings, wens, bunches. A & khanabat, Corruption. Khanibat, (A girl) having a
A Ls. khannas, The devil, a demon. A wicked man. beautiful cast with the eye.
A 3-1,4- khumbujat, A small jar.
A 3-2- khansirat, (pl. of ,-- khansar or 5-- khan
x
/
sariy) Wanderers in the path of error and destruction. p 3.x~ khumbadah, Intelligent. Agreeable.
A J-s- khannsy, Diabolical, devilish. r s.-- khum-barah, A small earthen pot. **** 3-4
: AJ.--> khanasir, Destruction. Urine of mountain-goats khumbara-i dudnk, The sky. Khumburah (or j< khimbu
voided upon the corn or the trees. Deviation from the road. zah), A water-pot having a small mouth.
A U- khambas, A dwarf, a short man.
Perfidy, over-reaching. Perishing, lost. Faithless, treacherous,
disloyal. The lowest of men. p &.s- khumbasah, A large corn-basket.
Are"-- khanasir, (pl. of, a.3 khinsir) The little fingers. A J- khambash or khimbash, One who moves greatly.
A3 -- Khunisirat, Name of a city in Syria, A U2.3 khumbus, Sparks elicited from a flint.
A*-3- khanatit, Scattered crowds. A 8-3-khumbut, Fruit in its envelope.
 &= 630 <-

a & khumbutat, A small veil. The space between the
whiskers and upper lip. The upper lip.
A G-3 khumbuk, Avaricious, close-fisted.
r 2.3 khumbak, A small jar or other vessel. The noise
made by a horse when drinking. Mocking, ridiculing. The
rim of a drum. Striking one hand against the other in beating
time in music. The dress of a dervish. Khumbuk, Name of a
village in Badakhshan.
p > <-- khumbag, A coarse garment of a dark colour.
r_< khumbur, The resurrection. Land fit for tilling.
p 4.3 khambah, A vine-arbour. A raised seat, a gallery.
Kumbai, A large vessel (in which they lay up corn) of earth
or wood hollowed, and crusted over with clay. Corn.
re-si khambidan, To become celebrated, published.
be bent. Khumb?dan, To leap, to spring. To beat time.
p.s..S. khambidah, Celebrated, notorious.
PJ: khampir or khumpur, The bridge across the eternal
fire. Khumpur, The resurrection. A sower.
A & khunnat, A sound made through the nose.
p c-cs khant or khanat, Lightning, gleam. Coruscation.
The celestial orb. A brazen pot. Khunt or khunut, A wine-jar.
Ajs- khintar (or J5-> khuntir), Excessive hunger.
A ca.-- khantab or khuntub, An uncircumcised clitoris.
A J.3 khuntuf, Wine. (according to others) Rue.
A cls- khans (from e--), Bending inwards (a leathern
bottle) at the orifice in order to drink therefrom commodiously.
Deriding. Khins, A dispersed crowd. The inner part of the
cheek nearest to the grinders. Khuns, A ply, a fold. Khanas
(from c-), Being flexible, flaccid. Khanis, Flexible.
A 3.5 khinsabat, A good camel full of milk.
*A* khunsar, (khanasar, khanasir, or *A*- khanasirat),
Rubbish and filth left where men have been encamped.
A & khinsatbat, A. camel yielding plenty of milk.
P 99y. khanjird, Ridicule, mockery.
P *** khunjirah, Flesh-glue. A butterfly.
A 45; s- khanjari, A mode of printing or staining silk (gul
badan). A small tambourin. (HUNTER).
A **** khanjary, A man with an ugly beard.
A.J.jis- khanjarir, Salt-water.
A isis- khanjaf, A camel full of milk.
P <<=i- khanjak, The mastich-tree. A dry thorn. Khin.
jak, The mastich-tree. Khunjuk, Wormwood of Pontus.
AJsis- khinjal, A foolish woman; also corpulent. A desert.
A lists khanjalat (from Js- Q), Marrying a silly woman.
*z- khanjj, (Tm) The antediluvian prophet Enoch.
AJ3-i- khunjur, A camel full of milk.
To * <- Khunjah, Breathing hard through the nose.
P **** khanjidah, A balsam. Khunjidah, A butterfly.
* -i- khanjir or khinjir, Any smell, the exhalation of fried
bones, boiling oil, or melted fat. Dark. Sharp, rough.
P Js khanjil, A swing, a see-saw.
P <<- khanchak, A triangular thorn, resembling a caltrop.
Khunchak, Fruit of the mastic-tree.
A bramble, a thistle.
A 3.<!-khankhanat (from est- Q), Muttering nasally,
P A- khand, Laughing, smiling. Alaugher. & Uty rish
khand, A flatterer, six-vy rish-khandi, Flattery, adulation.
* K. shakar-khand, Smiling sweetly.
r x<x<- khandkhand, A continual and hearty laugher.
P J- khandn, Laughing. Delightful. A smile.
P ej"-- khandndan, To cause to laugh. To laugh,
A --~~ khundub, A man of a bad disposition.
A J- khunduban, Fleshy, corpulent.
P U-x~ khand kharish, Derision, mockery.
G Ly-khandarus, (Xveo.) Frumenty.
A U-93.3 khandaris, Old wine. (Xy?go;) Old wheats.
G Jy-- khandarill, (Xovgan) A species of succory.

A & khunsuat, A bitch-fox. P J-s- khandistn, Vexation. Jeer, taunt, raillery. Lu

A U-s khansal, khansil, or khansul, Weak. Flabby woman. dicrous entertainment. A play-house. The lip of a mistres.
A U- khansa', Asphodel. Khunsa', A hermaphrodite. A &A.- khundat, A large locust. Khundue, Intrinsically vile.
r 23 khanj, Lost. Wain, unprofitable. Interest, profit,gain, A 33< khandafat (from -3-3-0), Turning the toe. "
adving. Conveniency, usefulness. The pleasures and com with a strut. Making haste.
forts of life, delight, festivity, song, dance, mirth. A leer, an A JA khandak (from P s& kandah), A ditch round forti
amorous glance. Khanj khanj, Breathing hard through the fied towns, gardens, or fields, a fosse, a moat.
nose. Khunj, An owl. A 3.33.- khandakat (from J& Q), Digging a ditch.
r x<x<3 khanjdah, khunjadah, khunjidah, or khunjudah, A J&s khandalat, Fulness of body.
Flesh-glue. Khunjadah or khunjudah, Reddle. Wenery. Khun A U.J.A.- khandalis, A fat and flabby she-camel.
jidah, A butterfly. P & 2 - khand o tand, Scattered, ruined, topsy-turvy.
rAsia- khanjar, A dagger, a poniard, a hanger. The smell A -5,--- khandi, A proud, strutting fellow. -. . .

and filmes of fat, bones, hair, and the like, when burning; also p 8.x: khandah, Laughing. A laugh, Laughter. * -

of a lamp when just put out. Any thing sharp or severe. Jst cj khanda-i zamin, Verdure and flowers, r--> J), s
2) khanjar-i zar, Sun-rise. ** 2-t- khanjar-i subh, Sun-rise. 3. khandah-ward o masarrat-angz, Promoting huge,
The morning-breeze. -
and exciting mirth, i.e. a facetious man. J *- : */ S.V.5-
AJ- khanjar, A large knife, a hanger. A milch camel. khandah-ray obasim shudan, To have an affable coun"
 Le-
*U-A s- khandah-khirish (also 4-A kharishah), A
laughing-stock. Laughter. A jeerer. A flatterer.
rv, s-khandah-rish, Alaughing-stock. JJy
khandah-rish kardan, To flatter, to cajole. To ridicule.
rejuj six-khandah-zabn, Bursting into laughter.
pex3- khandidan, To laugh.
p Ls- khandish, Laughing, jesting.
A $3.3 khanzt, A wicked saying.
A & khunzut, Intrinsically vile.
A J- khinziyn, Obscene, foul-tongued.
A &&.-- khinziz, The highest part of a mountain. An ex
cellent stone-horse. A gelding. An expert horseman. A hero,
A lord. A polite man. A chief of a family. An excellent poet.
An eloquent orator. A skilful genealogist. Obscene in talk.
A 2-khunnar (pl. of F khnir), Sincere friends.
Aj-3-khanz or khanix, Stinking, corrupted. Khanaz (from
j-), Becoming stale, stinking (meat).
A -j--khanzab, Satan. Khunzub (and ~}<- khinzab),
Bold in villainy.
A *}< khanzajat, Pride.
A 35- khanzarat, A pointed instrument to break stones with.
A Jj. khanzuwan, A boar. A male ape. Khunzuwan,
(`),5- khunzuwanat, &\}}< khunzuwaniyat, and
khunzuwat), Pride. ---: zu khunzuwat, Proud.
Ajj.- khinzir, A wild boar, a hog. r J- &-- 29
khinzir-i khastah-hal, A wounded boar. *A* *** shahmu'l
khinzir, Hog's lard. p s-s khinziri, Hoggish. A hog-stie.
A 25-khin-irat, (fem, of 23-3-khinsir) A sow.
A U-- khans (from U.<), Returning, retiring, receding,
remaining behind, withdrawing, concealing. Whispering any
thing bad of some one absent. Khanas (from U.S.-), Having a
turned-up nose. Khunus, Deer and their haunts. Khunnas,
Stars, planets (especially Venus and Mercury).
A-3 khansi (fem. of J.-- akhnas), (A woman) having
a turned-up nose. A lion. An ape. A wild cow.
*_\-- khansr, Name of an aquatic animal.
631 J.--
A Q-2',4's khinzb, The pulp of the wild date.
A 3.3-3- khunzubat, Fat (woman).
a -3, 3.3 khanzaraf, Ajolly, corpulent, full-breasted woman
*Ala-khanata, (fut. a.k: yakhnitu) He made sad.
A &\la khintbat, A worthless man.
A slax: Khinty (from Ja- Q), Laughing at, mocking.
A --Ja: khantas, A proud step, a haughty air.
A 53. khantarif, khintarif, or khuntarif, Decrepit woman.
P Jaz-khantal, The colocynth, or bitter purging apple.
A Ja khantal, A tall rock. A misfortune.
A Sla-khuntuwat, The summit of a mountain.
A Jlars- khantl, Long cloud or branch, Khuntill, Longhorn.
A.&l=>s- khuntulat, A herd of camels or oxen.
A Jlas khintiyn, Obscene, impudent.
A &la: khintiynat, A woman who laughs much.
A&la-khantayat (from Jais- Q); Laughing at, mocking.
Azla-- khintir, A wrinkled hag.
A su-khanza-at (from a 3- Q), Talking obscenely.
A A- khanzaraf khinzarafor khunzaraf, Decrepit woman.
P Jaz- khanzal, The colocynth or bitter purging apple.
A Jls khinziyn, Obscene, impudent.
As--- khant (from S--), Whoring. Being wicked. Play
$25 ing together. Soues. Khanie, Submissive, abject. Khunus,
Abject men. (pl. of x~ khanat) Doubts. Wickednesses.
A --~~~ khanaab, Long hair.
A & khuntubat, Any thing protuberant and pendulous
from the upper lip. The space between the whiskers.
A& khanaat, Doubt, suspicion. Adultery. A false accu
sation. Wickedness.
A L-x~ khantas, A hyena.
r_\-- khanighshr, A large water-fowl. (CASTELLus.)
A Q--c-khana, The breast or back contracted on one side.
Khunu, Vestiges, impressions. (pl. of -5,-- khani) Weak in
the feet (camels). (pl. of ~ir-c khanf) Coarse linen cloths.
A & khanafat, The segment of an orange.
* khanaj or khanafaj, Name of a certain plant. Khin
P

re-- khunistn, Fortunate, happy. fij, A black grain mixed up into an eye-salve.
AJ-- khansar (or s, 3 khansariy), One who frequents A * khunuj, Very fleshy.

the ways of error, the road to perdition. r_< khanfar, Domestic utensils.
AJ-- khinsr, Worthless. Avaricious. A U.K.- khunas (or \--- Khunas), A beetle.
*-s- Khunsh (or ex~ khumshn), Happy, fortunate. A 3-i-s-khanasat (from U.S.-- 0), Departing, turning away
Ax~~ khanshafir, A heavy calamity. from, abhorring, Khunfasat, A beetle.
A J- khanshal, A swift camel, thick and hard. F_\-s- khanfashr, A large species of duck.
A*- khanshalat (from J-- Q), Tottering (from age).
A J4-4 khanshalil, Sharp (knife). Rough, severe (man). A t-i-- khunue, Foolish, silly, stupid.
A G-khanakk, Acalamity, evil, misfortune. A spirited,
A swift, thick and hard camel. lively woman. A monstrous man. Very swift (camel). The
A U-j-khunshsh, The residue of an estate; some camels, sound of the feet of a horse on the gallop.
Aras khinsir or khinsar, The little (or middle) finger. A G.3 khanik (from c-), Strangling. A strangler. Khu
A Lara.-- <-- i bijkhinsis, Slothful and slow. nuk, Narrow (intervals), small (chinks).

f,
 5-
r K+ khank or khink, A gray horse. Self, himself. A
kinsman. Jey K.-khink-i rahwar, An ambling nag. Khu
nuk, Happy, fortunate. Good, excellent. Cold. Cool, tempe
rate. Easy. c-, - b-i khunuk, Cold water. **
t- haw-i khunuk, Fresh or temperate air.
r & khunk, O how happy!
r_<- khunkar, An emperor.
P e- khunuk-jn, Cold, chaste. Vindictive.
P e.9% 3- khanak kardan, Tojoke, to be facetious.
r s khink-tak, Weak, unskilful. (Burhn-i ktie.)
P ~ khunuki, Temperature, coldness. Prosperity. * *
khunuki-i haw, Temperature of the air, somewhat cooled.
\;s
p > <- khang, Depravity. Khing, White. Gray. White
raiment. A bowstring. A gray horse. <s ---, -s
khing-i shab-hang, The noon. Break of day. A piebald
horse. The horse on which Muham
mad is said to have gone to
heaven. Khung, An angle, corner. O how happy! Learned,
intelligent, courteous. Deeply in love.
r & khing, An athletic clown. Able-bodied. (HUNTER.)
P J- khingl, A mark to shoot at.
P - c= <-- khing-but, Name of an idol in Kbul.
P * = < khing-bid, A thorn. The white thorn.
PJ: 3 << khing-zi war, A piebald horse.
rjs. khing-sr, Gray-headed. Saltpetre.
P J- khangal, A kind of armour.
*:::: khing, A sort of dodder.
P * ce 3.5 khunug-hawa, Salubrious, temperate, fresh.
r <<!-- khunlachak, A sore upon a horse's back. Name
of a certain herb, called also J: yawshan.
A 52- khunilw (from 3-), Being obscene in speech.
A ** khanicat, A chink, a crack in a small house.
A --> khinnawt, A kind of marine animal. Ignorant, stupid.
A t 32- Khunikh, (ireb. Tim) The prophet Enoch.
p 2.3 khanad, Household, travelling utensils. Khanud or
khunild, Two packs between which a rider may sit on horseback.
r_j}~ khanar, Household utensils, as pots, pans, knives, or
g in. Two packs
hatchets. An earthen vessel for keepin money
thrown across a horse, between which the rider is seated. Tillage.
AJ3: khanawwar also khinnawar, The world. J.3-> .*
ummu khinnawwarin, A hyena. A cow. Prosperity. Adver
sity. Khannr also khannawar, A reed, of which they make
arrows. Any soft or withered plant. Prosperity, favour.
Aj}~ khuni- (from 24), Stinking. Khannz, A hyena.
A U-> khunus (from U.<), Staying behind. Lying hid.
Concealing. Traducing the absent. Khinnaws, A lion. An ape.
A U23: khinnates, A porkling. Any young animal.
a 23.4 khinnatesat, A young pard or tiger. A palm-tree
within hands reach.
A # 3.3 khanit, A deceiver, one who does not keep his pro
mise. Khunut, Submission, humility.
632 \,-
A -,+ khani, Splay-footed (camel). Khuni, Anger.
P &- khanah, A heap of corn. Ridicule. Khunah, The cough.
A Ls- khani, Obscene (speech).
r khuny, Modulation, melody, song. Milking.
**** khuny-gar (also o, garah), A musician, a singer
(especially when accompanying with heroic words the Persian
instrument, called barbut, not unlike the manner of our old En
glish minstrels). <<!; A|-- khunya-gar-i falak, Venus.
P '-- khuny-gari, Minstrelsy.
A 3-& khunaysat, An old catamite.
Ps- khanid, Famous. Khumid, Approbation. Acceptable.
Peyr-c-khanzdan, To twist. To echo. To obtain cele.
brity. Khinidan, To suck. Khunidan, To leap.
P 8- khanidah, Sound, voice, echo. Celebrated. Wise,
learned. A skilful musician. Agreeable, chosen. Khinidah,
Sucked. Khunidah, Celebrated, praised by every one.
rck khanirah, Account-book. A sand-hill. A collection.
Aj.4 khaniz, Unleavened bread broken into pieces (upon
which they pour liquor).
A --c-khani, Flax. Coarse hempen cloth. The part
under the armpit or oxter of a camel. Abounding (in milk).
A G-c-khanik (from G-), Strangling. Strangled.
P << khunik, A coarse gray dervish's garment.
A c-khanin, A sound resembling laughing or crying
through the nose. A whisper.
Ps- khaniwar or khunivar, A straight open road. Fields,
cultivated lands. The general resurrection. Name of a city.
p > khaw, Ivy. Tares, darnel. The expanded hand. The
sole of a beast's foot. A branch of a tree. A plank upon which
masons or plasterers stand when at work. A frame-work for
turning an arch upon. A plucking up. A reaping. Warbles
on a horse's back. The tuel or fundament of a horse. Ahan".
ful of any thing. Kh (for - khy), Habit, nature, custo"
A >> khaww, Hunger. A large river.
r"; khaw, Flesh, meat. Khiw, Taste, flavour, delight.
Khuw, Food sufficient for one day.
A \;<- khaic (from J-), Falling down (a house). Being
empty and clinging (the belly). Space between any two things,
P --> kh'ab, Sleep. Repose. A dream. ** ,-->
khab-i jwd, Death. Ls A-,+ khb-i Kharg", *
ence, inadvertency. Feigned negli
hare's sleep, (met.) neglig
gence. Je.--,+ kh'b-didan, To see in sleep, * * T.
dream. c -\;<ba kh'b raftan, To go to sleep. A->
t khb-i subuk, A light slumber. ex: -;-2' "
khab shudan, To be in bed, to be asleep. To sleep standing,
to be stupid. J --> kh'ab kardan, To sleep, to take
nap, c-; ,--!> kh'b-i nshin, Sweet, sound sleP. -->
j}=-3 kh'ab o kh'ur, Rest and food.
A -,-- khawbb, (pl. of ~13 khbb) Kindreds.
P f --> kh'ab-ld, Stained or drowned in sleep, sleepy.
 \,- 633 \;<
re- kh'bnidan, To cause or put one to sleep. To A_\;<- khawr also khuwr (from J3-), Lowing, bleating.
cause to kneel. To oppress, beat down. To thicken (milk). The bleating of sheep, goats, or fallow-deer. Khawwar, Weak
p.s.. s- kh'b-bindy, Sleeping. (man). Slender (spear). Low or sloping (ground). (A ca
rejr: -- khb-parishn, A frightful dream. mel) full of milk. An arrow-maker. -

p &l- ~|~ kh'b-jmah, A night-shirt.
p &l=<!-- kh'b-khnah (or *@-kh'ab-gh), A bed, a
J;4 .sl The world.
couch. A bed-chamber, a dormitory.
P Js- -- khb-khiyl, Spectre, phantom. (HUNTER.)
P 3A.) --> khb-didah, Dreaming, sleeping. Polluted.
*A*-s- kh'b-guzr, Somnolent.
pyjs- kh'r-bar, Food. Provisions carried from town to
town. A small competency. Taste, relish.
a 3,5-khaiowrat, Hips, buttocks.
A t2\;< khawrij, (pl. of us.j khrajiy) Heretics, schis
matics. Strangers (of a different religion). Rebels.
P :--> kh'r-khu'ri, Ignominious treatment.

P &e U -j- kh'ab na didah, A boy under puberty.
P - khb-nk, Sleepy, drowsy.
rv-- kh'ab-nsh, Sleeping.
P e--- kh'ab-noshi, A doze, a nap.
P Js- kh'abanidan, To lie down. To sleep.
r-khbah, as k ham-kh'abah, A bedfellow.
A J':- khawb, (pl. of &l= khbi-at) Jars (for wine).
P J- khbdagi, Negligence, supineness, inadvertency.
P J-- kh'bdan, To lie down. To sleep. To kneel.
A <--> khawt, Sound. The noise of a flying bird, of thun
P e- kh'rdan, To eat. To drink. See ey;s-.
P - Khuwarazm or Kh'arazm, Khorasmia, the ancient
Chorasmu, lying along the banks of the great river Oxus or
Jayhn, and extending to the Caspian Sea; part of it belonging
to Irn (Persia), and part to Trn (Parthia). It is said to
have received its name from an expression of the great Cyrus,
who, having defeated a large army of the natives with little loss
on his side, exclaimed ^jy Js- kh'r razm, An easy victory.
p J- kh'arazmi, A Khorasmian. Thin slices of paste.
A J- khawarik, (pl. of Jj- khrik) Penetrating, tearing

der, or of a torrent. Khawwat, An intrepid man. One who

(spears). Miracles, unusual things.
eats every hour, but little at a time. r_j\}_l,+ khr-kr, A tyrant, an oppressor. A scorner.
A c-khawtim (or *}- khawatm), (pl. of il- khtam, rs- khr-krah, A reviler.
r khtim, s- khutam, *\,\s- khtam and **** khaytam), Seals.
PJs- khuwrnidan, To give to eat and drink.
A c- khaicatin, (pl. of ey- khtn), Ladies, matrons.
r_j : Ms- khawar o zr, Abject and distressed. (GLADw1N.)
re.-s- kh'ajaki, A wealthy merchant. Chieship. P &9'> khrah, A stipend, an every-day allowance. Victuals.
P J-> khjagn, Masters. (GLADw1N.)
P 4-);3- kh'jah, A man of distinction. A rich merchant. A Khuwarah, Established order. Mode, manner. Strengthening
doctor, a professor, a teacher, a preceptor, a schoolmaster, a food. A frame for turning an arch upon. An arch.
P - kh'ari, Baseness, meanness. Distress. J
pedant. A lord or master. A birds comb. Heart, soul. An
eunuch. J t -,+ khja-i bats o nashr, Lord of the kh'rz kardan, To revile. To injure. Jz s- khr;
namudan, To abase one's self.
resurrection, i. e. Muhammad. Ji- -la- kh'aja-i sipihr, The
Sun. * &\;< khjah sih yrn, Name of a place of F_\,- -- kh'ari-khr, Reviled, abused.
A c- khatcarin, (pl. of ey;-) Fundaments of animals.
recreation in Kbul. y- 4-\;< khjah-sar, A domestic. An
eunuch. c. 33 3-\;<- khaja-i falak, The sun. Jupiter. 4-9s Pj\}- khawas, A goad. A horse for hanging clothes on.
P s- kh'azandah, A bride.
w khjah kardan, To castrate. s &-\;<- khjah giyah,
Name of a shrub. --- &-,- kh'ajah massah, Muhammad. r- khzah also khawazah, A triumphal arch. A tent
P J 4-\;<- khjah-tash, A scholar, a school-fellow.
formed or decorated with colours, banners or standards, prepared
p J*-s- kh'ajidan or khuwajidan, To see badly from any
for the reception of a king upon triumphal occasions. A vine
infirmity in the eyes. To water, to be hard, or hot (the eye). arbour. A plank on which masons or plasterers stand when at
As. khiwaz, (111 of 3. not in use) Dissenting from, re work. The inner apartment, surrounded with tapestry, where
sisting. Consenting to, agreeing. A flying fever, the fits of the royal bride waits the arrival of her husband. A benediction.
which are uncertain in point of time. Praise, applause. Desire, wish.
PJs- kh'r, Contemptible, abject. Poor, distressed, deserted, P J-k kh'as, A petitioner, a candidate. Khaws, Fear.
P <--> kh'st, A petition, request, desire, wish. Will.
abandoned, friendless, wretched, ruined. Naked. Few, small.
Fasy. Soft, tender. Erect, straight. Name of a district near A petitioner. He desired or asked. A beaten road. An island.
Ray, (in comp.) Eating. cl- kh'r dashtan, To hold Gold. Riches. Furniture.

in contempt, to despise. Ms- mut-kh'r, Eating for p_\,-\,- kh'str, A petitioner, an asker. Those whose son
nothing, i.e. a parasite. Khuwr, Victuals. Name of a coun and daughter have married together.
try, the burial-place of the son of Enoch. re); -s- kh'starn, Small worms.
4 M
 \,- 634 \,-
:: kh'ast-gr, A petitioner, candidate, competitor. re.";- kh' or khiwli, Food. The bed of a river. A
P-- kh'st-gri, Request, wish. Marriage. kitchen. Beautiful, adorned. Congratulated.
re-s- kh'stan, To desire, to wish, to demand, to require, re-s- kh'alidan, To spread, to expand, to strew. To
to petition, to beg, to pray. To will, to want. e--Je taste. Khawlidan, To come. To eat. To sleep.
uzr khstan, To beg pardon. *X",< kh'algar or khiwaligar, A cook. A sewer.
P *-s- kh'astah, Desired, wished, willed, wanted. Mean p *}x}- kh-mazah, A maintenance, a competency.
ing, signification. Riches, possessions. The needful for tra A U--> khawmis, Camels drinking on the fifth day.
A C-- khawmish, (pl. of{--|-- khmishat) Small streams,
velling or for carrying on war.
P 4-9s- khsah, A scarecrow stuck up in fields or gardens. A s- khawmit, (pl. of**** khmitat) Hyenas.
.A L- khiwsh, (III of U,) Moving (one'sside) offthe bed. P e';* kh'n, A table, a covered table, and the meat upon it.
A Je- khiws, (111 of U23-) Shewing and conferring (ap
A spacious tray. Household furniture. Rubbish of sticks and
plied to merchants when exchanging, or fixing the price of straws. Weeds, tares. A reader. A chanter. A crier, an in
goods). Khawass, (pl. of 3.23 khssat) Properties, qualities, voker, an inviter. J- -e);4 khn-i dil, The temple at Mecca.
virtues, Grandees, ministers of state, royal favourites, or do e':- &!!! ,-4) angusht-i allah-kh'n, The finger that in
mestics; attendants on the king's person. **: Je':- kha vokes God, namely, The fore-finger. e';*AS zikr-kh'an, A
praiser of God. Khiwn or khuwan, A block for sawing wood
wss wa taicmm, Noble and ignoble, the whole people. Khaw
ws, A vender of palm-leaves; one who covers baskets with them. upon. Khuwan, Broth. A leprosy, a gangrene. (in comp.)
A !-- khaws, The place where one sits behind a great Reading. e':- U- kh'ush-khuwan, Reading well. (CAST)
A e';* khwn or khuwan, A table. Khawwan, A deceiver,
man upon an elephant. (HUNTER.) a traitor. A lion. ry <!-- 'e':- khawwan-i maclamah
A JA';3 khiwz, (111 of J-) Entering or passing (through
water). Plunging into or encountering (business or danger). kr, Villains, cruel betrayers. A Khawwan or khuwan, Name
A}}- khawatir, (pl. of Al- khtir) Thoughts. The mind. of the third month with the Pagan Arabians.
Aik- khawtf, (pl. of -k- kht) Lightnings. P 4. e);3 khn-pyah, A table-cloth. (Burhn-i kti)
A J- khawt, (pl. of JA- khti-a) Delinquents. De r J-kh'n-psh, The cover ofa tray, a tray-lid.
viating (arrows). A &\,- khawwanat, The backside.
Az- khawatir, Benevolent affections. P *}~ khnchah, A tray. Jj *!)- (or jir), The sun.
A : \,-- Khuwt, Stupor, astonishment. P J- kh'ndagi, Reading. Invocation. Adoption.
A Cl- khaw, Tumult, murmur, noise. Khiw, (111 of P ex'}- kh'ndan or khndan, To read, to recite. To in
J;-) Surpassing another in timidity. vite, to invoke, to convoke, to call. To sing.
P - Ahuzaf, Name of the leader of a sect. P s- kh'ndah, Read. Sung. Called, invited. Knowing
A c- Khawik, (pl. of &#13 khkyat) Large drinking how to read and write. s- Unii kh'indah, Unable to read.
vessels. The four cardinal points of the winds. r_j\-,+ kh'n-sr, A sewer, a table-decker.
A j- khawf, (pl. of 3.33 khyat) Secrets, concealed F_\-\;< kh'n-slr, A sewer, a table-decker.
things. The shortest feathers of the wing. The branches of a
P J-'s- kh'an- smn, A house-steward.
palm-tree nearest to the pith. A - khawn f (pl. of Jij khnf) Tossing the nose
c-
. A khawkn, (pl. of J. khkn) Emperors, kings. through pride. (Camels) tender-footed, turning the feet out.
y:- zer-3 le- salatn-i zaman wa khawkn-i
A c- khawnik, (pl. of sl-khnkh) Monasteries.
dawrn, The kings of the times and monarchs of the age, i.e.
P e';* kh'n-karam, Open house, a free table.
The reigning princes.
p - kh'g, A hen. An egg. A fried egg. rjs - kh'n-gar, A cook. A table-decker.
s- kh'anandah or khnandah, A reader.
P A crier or
P J- kh'al or khuzcal, Lamp-black. Food.
convoker. singer.
A <!- khawalat, A doe. rej;3 Akh'in idan or khndan, To read. To make read.
A J-khawlid, The base and solid parts of a rock. Huge P \t e';* kh'n-yaghm, A public feast. An OP table.
stones or mountains which resist the violence of the winds.
p e-l- kh'alistan, An inkstand. A c"; khawnik, (pl. of 33.3 khunakal) Quin"
P 4-5- khlistah, Sik put into an inkstand. An ink-horn. A c \;< khawanin, (pl. ofes- khn) Lords. (GLADwis).
A J- khawli, (pl. of &\s- khlfat) Tent-poles. Wo r;);3- kh'aw, (equivalent to --> kh'b) Sleep.
men. Remaining behind, refusing to engage in any work. Ps);3 kh'h, Wishing, desiring. Desire, petition. :
r_<!- kh'al-gar, A cook. A sewer. whether. *\;<\; tarakki-kh'h, Wishing increase. s';**
khtir-kh'ah, The desire of one's heart. s';-- ~3 datclid
--laf.

P c- kh'alinjan, Galangale.

->
*
khh, Wishing prosperity, benevolent, kind. s';** s':- kh'ah
makh'ah, Willing or no. Certainly, positively, at all events.
s', U , sly- khh o n khh, Nolens volens, against the in
clination. Khuwh, Longed for. Diligent, studious. Content.
P es':- kh'hn, Willing, desiring. Petitioners.
Peus; kh'ahnidan, To wish. To ask. To cause to
petition. To cause to wish, will, or want.
r/s; khhar, A sister. J& 2"> kh'ahar-i padar, An
aunt, a father's sister. Ls Ab- kh'ahar-i shy, The hus
band's sister. Jel. 2-lys- khhar-i madar, A maternal aunt.
re),A}< khharn, Sisters. Ji- 'e','';- kh'harn-i
suhayl, Two stars called by the Arabs J- |-3- ukht suhayl.
P sw-ys- kh'ahar-kh'andah, An adopted sister.
p se; Al- kh'ahar-zdah, A sister's son, a nephew.
* Je'> kh'ahish, Will, wish, divine inclimation. Petition.
Riches. J U.S;s khhish-i ilahi, The divine will.
p J- khhil, khhil, or khuwahil, Crooked, curved. A
shoemaker's strap with which he binds the last to his knee; also
the piece of wood upon which it is bound.
P se-s- khhandah, He who asks, wills, wants, or wishes.
p as; kh'hah, A petition. Desire, intention.
P Js':- khhidan, To petition, intercede. To will, want.
P ** kh'ay, Taste, flavour. Pleasure, delight.
A &\}- khawyat (from s;-), Falling (a house). Seizing,
carrying off. Large within (man). Swift, light (horse).
A -khawb (from ~5-), Being reduced to poverty.
* --> khub, Good. Beautiful, elegant, pleasant, graceful,
lovely, amiable, charming, excellent, or gracious. Beautifully,
excellently. Firm, strong. --> <-295-2 <-- khub
srat opk-sirat, With an elegant form and pure mind.
*j- khub-ar, Convenient, and inconvenient. Carrying any
thing to be eaten. Provisions transported from place to place.
P Jjs- kh baz kardan, To leave off a habit.
p J- khbn, (plur.) The fair sex. The good.
P js- khbn, Fried apricots.
p J- khbnidan, To oppress, to beat down.
rj --> khab-wz, Having a charming voice.
A& khatchat, Ground without rain (between fields that
have rain); likewise without herbage; barren. IIunger.
PA;- khubtar, More good, better. More beautiful.
* Jjs- khubtarin, The best.
* <y --> khub-ra-ihah, With a pleasant scent.
P: 3- khub-r, Having a lovely face.
*Jy --> khb-ryn, (plur.) The fair.
p es. khubkaln, Name of a seed of a cooling quality.
p us;* khubi, Goodness, excellence. Beauty.
* cs- khupkhin, A mummy.
*A*:- kh-pazir, Accustomed to.
P* 3- kh'aplah, Foolish, ignorant.
-
-
63 >>
A c-khawt (from ~5-), Pouncing upon his prey (a
falcon). Making a shrill clear noise. Breaking a promise. Be
ing diminished, failing (provisions). Seizing, carrying off.
Growing old. Driving, impelling, pursuing.
A *-ij- kharotat, A skilful guide. A leveret.
A J- khawtal, Elegant, graceful, witty, jocose.
A --> khawas (from ~~), Having a flabby, pendulous
belly. Being filled, satiated.
A G-khaws, Swag-bellied (woman). A tender virgin.
rs khawj, A bird's crest. A flight of birds. Khj (khj,
or <-3s khchah), A cock's comb.
P e--- khjridan, To be oppressed with grief or care.
P z:- khch, The comb or crest of any bird. Cock's-comb
(a flower). The tuft of a helmet. The peak of a house. The
sash of a turban. A red silk neckcloth. A rocking-horse.
Pe-3-khchidan, To see badly from any infirmity in the
eyes. To water, to be hard, dry, and hot (the eyes).
A 3-khawkh, A peach. L!' t- The water-willow.
A*-3-khawkh-a, (em, 34-3-, pl. e5-33-), Foolish.
P&A t-khkh akrat, Indian leaf. (GLAdwin.)
A &;- khawkhat, A window, a sky-light, a little window or
wicket in a great gate. An open space between two houses.
P 3-3-khawkhaw, (in ancient Persian) Rite, custom. A
sword. Power, strength. A branch. A bricklayer's scaffold.
A ex~ khawd, (pl. ex:- khd) A beautiful young girl.
P ex- khud, A helmet. g2+ --> khd-i khurch (also
825- khurh), A cock's comb. The anemone. Kh'ud, Self.
Himself, herself, itself. But, s\ ex- khud-ry, Pride,
arrogance, a display of one's own merits. Q e;-- kh'ud ba
kh'ud, Of himself, spontaneously. -be, e;-- kh'ud ba dawlat,
You, your worship. Sir. J 9:- khud-bin, Seeing himself,
i. e. Proud, self-conceited. J 9:- khud-bini, Arrogance,
presumption. ~, ex- khud-parast, A worshipper or ad
mirer of himself. L 95-khud-parasti, Self-conceit. 95
~~ khud-pasand, Self-approved, vain, conceited. **-* Q
khud-pasand, Self-complacency. Jr. ex- khud-pr-i,
Ostentation. L.; e;-- khud-san, A boaster. An egotist. Qx
3- khud-kho, Uneducated, undisciplined. Capricious.
*\;< khud-kh'ah, Selfish. J'e ex- khud-dr, Content. Pa
tient. Master of one's self. e;-- khud-ray, A fantastical
capricious humourist. Ja 93-- khud-rukhsat, Leaving a
service of one's own accord, in which case it is customary to
deduct something from wages. (HUNTER.) 4-9 ess khud
rustah, Wild, spontaneous. <& ex- khud-rang, Preserving
the natural colour, unchanged; also yellowish colour. 29 e;--
khud-r, With her own face, i.e. unpainted, adorned only with
native beauty. Spontaneous, without culture (a wild plant).
Jy ex-kh'ud ry, Ill-disciplined. Spontaneous growth. 2,4-
J- khud-sit-7, Self-applause, vain boasting. J ex-khud
4 M 2
 sar, Bold,fearless. Self-opiniated, obstinate, whimsical. Head
strong. j- ex-khud-soz, Name of a fire-temple in Azarbjn.
J, khud-gharz, Self-interested. (Gladwin.) |ale 95
khud-ghalat, Wrong-headed. (GLADw1N.) L, ex-kh'ud
farsh, Selling himself, i.e. boasting, vaunting. *AS ex-khud
krah, Acting for one's self, trusting to none. -4.5 e;-- khud
kasht, Cultivation of one's own soil. 4.4% e;-- khud-kshtah,
A <2993- khawrnt, (pl. of eyy-khawrn) Fundaments.
P ejy:- kh'urandan, To eat or drink.
P *99- khrhah or kh'urhah, A cock's comb.
P <!3- kh'ury, Arranged. Elegant. A few provisions.
r_j\ j}~ kh'ur-bar, Serving up a repast. A hamper of pro
visions or fruits. Suitable and unsuitable. (CAstellus.)
P w- kh'ur-parah, Bits, fragments of meat, orts.

Self-cultivated (i.e. by the farmer himself.) es e;-- khud-km, P -j-kh'ur-parast, A sun-worshipper; the sunflower,
Living like a libertine, following his own fancy; arrogant. 93 Pe-s- Kh'urkhajiwan, The night-mare.
A.S khud-kmah, Self-willed, opiniated. Gaining the object Peyr- kh'ur-chin, A portmanteau, or wallet, cr
ofone's desires. Growing spontaneously. (Burhn-i ktiz.) ex J kh'ur-chin kardan, To glean, to lease.
J* khud-kmi,Self-interestedness; wilfulness. se; ex-khud r 2,3- kh'urd, Little, minute. Short. Suitable, proper. A
Kardah, Done of himself. V c- khud-nam, Vain, arrogant. meeting. A public address. Meat, victuals. Eating. He did eat.
Growing spontaneously. J e;-- khud-nam-i, Ostentation. He met. He brake in pieces. 95- & pasha-i kh'urd, Alittle
re-ex- kh'udistn or khdustn, Vine-shoots. gnat. 93-24 shir-i kh'urd, Skim-milk. eye; 93-khurdkar
reje;-- khudan, To cut, to amputate. (CASTELLUs.) dan, Tobruise small. e-c ox-kh'urdmurd, Minutiae of any kind.
pse;-- khdah, An arch, a vault. Truth. --> 3,93 Kh'urdo kh'ab, One who does nothing except eat,
rse;-- kh'udha, Selves. (GLAD wix.) drink, and sleep. J- kh'urdo kalan, Small and great, all.
P s- kh'udi, Selfishness. Self-conceit, egotism, vanity. P eley;-- kh'ur-dd, Name of the third month of the year.

Pj-- kudi ss, Name of a fire-temple in Azarbjn. p_\- kh'ur-dr, A domestic whose board is found him.
A &- khus, (pl. of sex- khawzat) Helmets, head-pieces. pje);-- kh'urdtar, Smaller, younger.
A c- khawzn, Servants, domestics. P J- Q); Kh'urd-sln, Young ones.
A $3,3- khazzat, A casque, a helmet. The head-ache. P J-22,3-kh'ardustn (or e-,-)3- kh'ardstn), Young

AJ3-khawr, A valley between two mountains. A bay, a vine-shoots which are eaten for their freshness. (Bukha).
gulph. The mouth of a river. (from 93-), Striking or pierc P J- kh'urdagn, Young ones, inferiors.

ing (an animal, especially about the podex). Khr, Women PJs. 2,3- kh'urd-mahal, The apartments of the concu
suspected of vice. (pl. ofy",3- khawwar and 5);-- khawwarat), bines of great men. (HUNTER.)
weak. (Camels) full of milk. Khawar (from J3-), Becoming Puy~ kh'urdan, To eat. To drink. To devour, destroy.
weak, languid. Being abated, moderated (heat). Alarm. To take. To suffer. J-J shir kh'urdan, To drink milk,
p_z=- kh'ur, Despicable, contemptible, abject, mean, vile, Jy 5- ** gham kh'urdan, To devour sorrow, to be afflicted.
base, infamous. Worthy, proper, agreeable to: The east. A eye, 2- 3:S:- sawgand kh'urdan, To swallow an oath, to went
partner, a consort. Light, radiance. The sun. Name of an J- -3.3 tazb kh'urdan, To suffer torment. Jy -5
angel. The eleventh day of every solar month. Meat. Fla khawf kh'urdan, To fear. Jy;- bs kh'urdan, To be
vour, relish, taste. A cameleon. A palace, a villa. Ja- ? ) > gulled, cheated, to swallow a gudgeon.
ex-'- Kh'ur o hakir dashtan, To render despicable and hapless. P j93- kh'urdani, Provisions, victuals, food. A repast.
Eating, or consuming; asy;- fr: mardum-kh'ur, Devouring r x,y,-- kh'urdah, Eaten. Devoured, corroded. Eating. A
men, i.e. a fierce warrior. L3- <!-- mrs-kh'ur, Inheriting. spark. Quickness, acuteness. A bit, or scrap. A crumb. A
py;+ kh'ur, Worthy, suitable. Few provisions. Eating, speck. A fault. That part of a (horse's) leg which is enclosed
voracious. A gangrene (as devouring flesh). in the fetter. Minute, slender. 3995- 99-9 dard-khurdah, A*
P -95- kh'ur-b, Impure, muddy water. A cataract. The
fected with pain. 3999-J Jjs- khinzir-i ti-trat A
dam of a sluice. An itch for drinking. boar wounded by a dart. e $2,5- khurda-i ambn, Cru"
P *95- kh'urbah, A river, especially one whence water is in a wallet. e2; 39);- kh'urdah kardan, To change money.
brought for the purposes of cultivation. Water to drink. Hus
p **s-2,3- kh'urdah-adim, An acorn for tanning leather.
bandry, agriculture. per se, 5- kh'urdah-bin, A caviller, a criticiser.
P 59:- kh'urk, Food, victuals, provisions. Daily bread, P J:- 3.993-- kh'urdah-kh'an, A small table.
eatables. . One meal. One dose of medicine. critical.
P e' sey;-- kh'urdah-dn, A minute investigator;
rw;- kh'urki, Daily allowance of food or money to pur
chase it, subsistence-money. (HUNTER.)
ru:, ; ses- kh'urdah-arsh, A retailer, a huckster. - -

r sy;-- Kh'urdah-kri, Any thing liable to criticist

A J3- khawrn, The podex or tuel of quadrupeds.
re);+ kh'urn, Eating, devouring. Voracious, gluttonous. ****): kh'urdah-gir, A criticiser.
 35-
P r 399- kh'urdah murdah, Minute objects, trifles.
pj kh'urdi, Broth, juicy meats. Smallness, littleness.
P}: jy;- kh'urd-paz, A cook, a maker of broth.
P U so);-- kh'urdi-arsh, A seller of broth.
gjj}~ kh'uras, (Xogs) The Greek dance or chorus.
P .5595-kh'urz (or & JJ 3-kh'urzinah), A barn, a granary.
rjji- khursar (or js- kh'uristr), A refectory.
P Jew:- Kh'uristn, Name of a country in Persia.
P 3-95- kh'ursand, Contented, happy.
P-j}=- kh'ursand, Gladness. Contentment.
P Ly;- kh'urish, Eating and drinking; food. A father-in-law.
* L--e -Uy 3-kh'urish-i dast-s (A 59% lahwat), A handful
of wheat which the miller throws into the hopper.
rs- kh'urshd (or c-kh'urshd), The sun. Name
of the mistress of Jamshed.-- A-- kh'urshed-i
jahn-tb, The sun illuminating the world.
P e-A * > kh'urshed-parastn, Fire-worshippers.
*A*. A-- kh'urshd-paykar, (Sun-faced) Handsome.
Pe):- A-kh'urshd-suwrn, Early-risers. Christian
monks. The favourites of a king. Angels.
Pejr-- kh'urshidan, To collect. To suit. To happen
agreeably. To carry one's victuals. To crack (lips with heat).
P key:- kh'ur-sala, A store-house, a barn, a cellar.
A :- khawram or khuram, A stone full of clefts.
r- kh'urram, Joyful, pleasant. (GLADwis.)
P*99- kh'ur-mah, Name of a summer month.
A - khawramat, The soft part of the nose.
P <<vis- kh'armak, Shells worn as amulets.
r__3-khr-mihr, Name of king Solomon's sword.
P & Xs kh'arand, Worthy, suitable, proper. Name of the
twelfth day of every solar month.
P 335,53 kh'urandah, An eater. One who obtains the pro
perty of another fairly or dishonourably. A family, domestics.
P & Xs khawarnak, The palace of king Bahrm built in Ba
bylonia, and alluded to often to imply any magnificent edifice.
: P 95- kh'arangh, The palace of Bahrm. A portico.
P 49,3- khatcarnah, The palace of king Bahrm.
P L: 2 y > kh'ur oposh, Food and raiment. (GLADw1N.)
P-kh'arah, Anything that eats or corrodes (as rust, moth, fair, charming, pleasant, delightful, agreeable, cheerful, amiable,
leprosy, or a gangrene). Divine illumination. A division of lovely, delicate, tender, kind, gentle, humane, mild, meek, ele
the Persian empire, of which there formerly were five. 9:-
Jey! Kh'ara-i rdshir, Name of a city in Persia. Khawrah,
A valley. Oleander. Trodden. Khurah, A corn-sack.
P c- kh'urhag, Shells suspended from children's necks.
Pj}~ kh'uri, Baseness, meanness. A kind of cloth.
P- khu'ryd, A peasant, rustic, clown, ill-behaved man. Very well, be it so. But. xx) L-kh'ush-mad, Flattery.
***):- kh'uryadi, Rusticity, rudeness. &T U-33-9, 3rd kh'ush mad, It is agreeable to him. L
Pej y > kh'uridan, To invite to nuptials. ; 2.7 kh'ush-mad-go, A flatterer. ex J- kh'ush ama
Aj}+ khawz, Enmity.
637 C
p53:- khz, Sugar-cane. The inhabitants of J-j}<- Kh
zistan, the ancient Susiana, between Persia and Babylonia.
r 3533 khawazduk, A beetle. The scolopendra.
f soj}~ khuzdah, A beetle, a chafer.
r_j}~ khzar, Name of a tree.
A x-- khuwaara', The gait of one whose joints are out.
Pe-j- Khuzistn, Susiana. A sugar-plantation.
a & j}- khawzag, An old woman.
A&ej}< khawzazat, A sand-hillock detached from the heap.
A j}< khawzakat (from J33- 0), Impaling (a man).
A J}}- khawzala, A slow, tottering pace.
P c- kh'azam, A thick fog. Khawzam, A carpenter.
A &sjs- khawzamat (in the dialect of Hudayl), A cow.
P j}~ khawzah, Trampled upon, ruined. Khuzah and kh'u-
zah, A triumphal arch. The inner apartment where the royal
bride awaits the arrival of her husband.
A z Aj:- khawzahraj, Asses' bane.
P j}< khzi, Pounded, beaten (meat).
ry- sj;-- khzi-kh'ar, A contented cuckold.
Pe j}< khxidan, To invite to a marriage.
P j :- khjh, A cock's comb. Sheeps' chitterlings.
A U-> khaws (from U-5-), Deceiving. Stinking (carrion).
PU-33 kh'us, A brother-in-law.
re-'-- khusnzdan, To desire, to wish. To excite de
sire. Khsanidan, To cause to moisten.
P -33 kh'ust, A melon. Rubbed. Wearied, tired. Khst
or kh'ust, An island. A beaten road.
p_\-33 kh'astr, A petitioner, a candidate.
re--> kh'astan or khstan (for e-- khstan), To ask.
P & 25- kh'astah, Dug up, extirpated. Stinking, fetid.
ps,s khusrah, The brother of a husband or wife. -
r & 33 khsah, A scarecrow fixed in fields or gardens.
Pe-> khusidan, To dry up, to shrivel. To be wrinkled.
To be moist. To flow from the eyes (humour). To collect.
A Ls khatesh, The hypochondria, the waist under the ribs.
P U- khash, A husband or a wife's mother. A kiss. (for
Ut-khsh), Self. Khosh (for << khushk), Dry. Kh'ush
(khash, Burhn-i ktit), Good, sweet, excellent, beautiful,
gant. Healthy, wholesome, temperate. Happy, well, pleased.
Willingly. (for &&.5-khoshah), A bunch of grapes. Js
ex- kh'ush isparam, Name of a fragrant shrub. j J
khush-atwr, Well-bred. c Ls- kh'ush-alhn (or U-3-
j khu'sh-ws),
J ), With a sweet voice. V. U-5-
-
Ls- kh'ush amm,
dan, To please, to become agreeable. To succeed well. To
 C- 638 C
agree with (as meat or drink). To be welcome. **t L lent virtues! or, O most virtuous mother. J.A. Ls khush
kh'ush-amadi, Flattery. Assenting. You are welcome. Ls shudan, To be well. To be in good health. & Js Hush
~g kh'ush-angusht, A player on an instrument. L tabat, Jocular. t L-,+\ tamsilt-i khush-tallas,
<<s kh'ush-hang, Having a melodious voice. * U Apologues of an entertaining nature. GJs. khush-tabati,
kh'ush-yand, Flattering (endearments). Grateful, wholesome, Pleasantry, mirth. Je Ut-kh'ush-tinn, (A horse) of an
amiable, agreeable, pleasing, charming. ** L- kh'ush agreeable pace, gentle. sas L- kh'ush-katt, Well-shaped,
ayandah, Amiable, agreeable to all. s J- ,-\." nicely cut out. e.9% L- kh'ush kardan, To cure, to benefit,
mulatafat-i kh'ush-yandah, Flattering caresses, blandishments. to do good. Ju Ls kh'ush-kanr, A beloved object. U.
Grateful, agreeable, wholesome. L* U-khush-bash, Free ' khush-gn, Well-paced., c- Ls- kh'ush giristan,
to stay or to depart. Lands granted to favourites at low rents on T weep abundantly. s*J- twn-gi, Eloquence.
condition of serving the government when called upon. Inde * U-3-kh'ush-g, Eloquent Melodious. J's- **
pendent. 3, U- kh'ush-bo, Perfume. je z J- kh'ush sharbat-i kh'ush-guwr, A pleasant beverage, easy of digestion.
b-dr, Fragrant, aromatic. . C- kh'ush-boy, Fragrant, <s J- 2-A- mutrib-i kh'ush-lahjah, A musician having a
odoriferous. 5 L-kh'ush-pozi, A kiss. : U- tuneful voice. yj - Ls kh'ush-mazah, Agreeable to the palate,
kh'ush-pshk, Well-dressed. & U-kh'ush-pch, Intelli delicious, als U- kh'ush-muaimalah, An upright dealer.
gent, wise. A distinguished gentleman. cr-s- kh'ush-taman, U-- U- kh'ush-manish, Having a good heart (ethically), or
A mother-in-law. Jy U-kh'ush-tarsh, Of a good shape, excellent spirits (physically). Satiety, glut, languor. A-. L
graceful. 2; Ls kh'ush-takrir, Eloquent. J- U- kh'ush manzar, Of a goodly aspect. c-- kh'ush-nishin,
kh'ush-hl, Happy, fortunate, in pleasant circumstances. U*:- Sitting easily, having room enough. J- L- kh'ush-nishini,
J- kh'ush-hall, A pleasant condition. <-,- J- kh'ush A royal guard for which lands are assigned. J- kh'ush
harakat, One who acts with propriety, or who does good actions. nasar, A species of red, yellow, and white rose. L
Als- Jj khush-khtir, A cheerful mind, a gladsome heart. kh'ush-namak, Well-salted. Witty. A beloved object. L
J- Ls kh'ush-khl, A mistress, a sweetheart. Ls- L j'; kh'ush-nawaz, A musician. v; J- kh'ush-nawis,
kh'ush-khabarz, Exhilarating news. ^\,- U-kh'ush-khirm, Writing a fine hand. ey;-> Ls kh'ush o kh'urram, Happy
One who walks elegantly. & J- L:- kh'ush-kharid, Paying and cheerful. ~3, Ls kh'ush-trakt, In happy circumstan
in ready money, buying in private sale. Jss- L- kh'ush
\;= L-kh'ush-haic, A pleasant air.
khisil (and 55- U- kh'ush-khy), Of an excellent dispo P Ls khsh-b or kh'ash-b, Fresh, well-tasted water.

sition. Well-bred. Affable. a- L- kh'ush-khat, Elegant
writing. A handsome youth. J- L-kh'ush-kh'ar, A good
liver, one who lives well. e';* L- kh'ush-kh'an, Singing
delightfully, harmonious. - L:- kh'ush-kh'urk, One
who lives well. Ls- L- kh'ush-kh'ahish, Wehement de
sire. J }=- Ls kh'ush-kh'ur, A fortunate petition. Subacid.
J.-- C- kh'ush-daman, Mother-in-law. J C- kh'ush
dil, Cheerful, with a contented heart. J L-kh'ush-dili,
Cheerfulness. ^e Js- kh'ush-dam, A sweet breath. Fine air.
&\ce Ls kh'ush-dimgh, Pleasant, mirthful. &|3 L
kh'ush-z-ikah, Well-flavoured, savoury. Jy L-kh'ush
raftar, Graceful in walking. Proceeding properly. L** 225
J sarw-i kh'ush-raftr, A sweetly-waving cypress. z
J Ls kalam-i khush-raftr, A good pen, which moveth
easily. Jy L- 23 nigar-i kh'ush-raftr, A beautiful wo.
man walking gracefully; also of good conduct. <& L
kh'ush-rang, Of a lively colour. 29 U.S. khush-raw, Plea
sant-paced. Kh'ush-r, Beautiful. 32, Ut-kh'ush-rz, A
holiday. C- kh'ush-zabn, Speaking well, having a
sweet or clear voice. Plausible. * L-kh'ush-sy, The box
tree. 5,3- J- kh'ush-sakhrah, A pleasant, humorous fellow.
* | ** kh'ushi, Happiness, cheerfulness, gaiety, pleasure.
2- Js-Jo slay madar-ikh'us h-sir, O mother, of excel Consolation, comfort. Goodness, excellence, benignity. L**
Water in which grapes, figs, pruins, or dried apricots are boiled
together. Fresh, tender pot-herbs. Moist. Waving. Clear,
pellucid. A pearl. (Burhn-i ktie.)
F-Ls kh'ush khush or kh'ash kh'ash, Very well'
re-s- kh'ushd, The clearing of a garden.
Ae- khushan, A species of orach.
Perss kh'ushman, A husband or wife's mother.
P s- Khshy, A cluster of grapes. An ear of corn.
r_--kh'ushtar, Sweeter, pleasanter.
P *> kh'ushchah (dim. of U-23-), Good (girl). Prettily.
P e <> kh'ushkah-rd, Flour not bolted.
r-s- kh'ush-nam, Of good appearance. Elegant, Pe.
cious. Neat, pretty.
re-- kh'ushnd, Content, satisfied. Pleased, delighted.
Pey--- kh'ushnudi, Mirth. Contentment, satisfaction.
P &;-khshah, A cluster or bunch of grapes or dates. An
ear of corn. The constellation Virgo. Name of a bird. Glean
ing. The rainbow. Separately. c--- khshah-chin, Ga.
thering grapes, reaping or gleaning corn. A plagiary. Kh'u-
shah, Husband or wife's father.
 c 639
ej kh'ushi namdan, To display excellence or benignity.
Ls-je darkh'ushi, In pleasantry. Khsh, Name of a bird.
PUck :- kh'ushi-bakhsh, Affording delight.
pej-khshidan, To collect, to contract. To wrinkle, to
shrivel, to chap (as the lips). To burn, fry, or parch. To bring
in or lay up provisions. To be busy. To love. To congratu
late a stranger. To happen well, to succeed. To jest, to play,
to represent in the manner of theatrical entertainments or public
spectacles. To grow dry.
A Lex-khaws, Leaves of palm-trees, of cocoa-nuts, and the
like. Khawas (from U23-), Having the eye-balls turned inward.
A \ex- khawsa, (fem. of Je:- akhtcas) (A woman) whose
eyes are sunk in the head. A sheep with one eye white, and
the other black. A hot wind, hurting the sight. A deep well.
A high hill of sand.
A J-khawz (from J-), Entering or crossing a river.
Plunging (into danger), entering precipitately (into business).
Resolving, purposing, consolidating, deliberating, taking counsel.
Stirring (wine) with a stick. Acting inhumanly, piercing with a
sword and turning it in the wound.
A& khawzut, A pearl.
by- khut, A limber-twig
A (of a palm-tree). A corpulent
man, yet handsome and agile.
A &\,: khtnat (or &\- khtniyat), Long and slender
like a twig (man or woman).
A 83-khawe, A whitish-coloured mountain. The windings
of a river. A field producing the plant --~~, rims.
A c-khai-tam, A fool.
Aes Khghn, Name of a seed.
A khaw (from ~5,3-), Fearing. Fear, dread, terror.
*
Murder. Red leather, cut into straps. P \,\ - khawf-i
khuda, The fear of God. A Khawaf, (pl. of ~&\-kh-i) Timid.
P G- kha, Power, strength.
A s-s- kharfat, Crabbed, sullen, moody, severe.
p ;4 khawfnk, Terrified, timid. Frightful, terrifying.
A J:s khawk (from J33-), Putting on ear-rings (a girl). A
ring of gold or of silver for the ear or nose. The scab. Khk,
The sheath of a horse. Khawak, Spaciousness, capacity.
A G- khawk, (fem. of J) akhwak) Wide, deep, exten
sive. Dim-sighted. Scabby (camel). Foolish.
p % khk and khk, A hog, a sow. Scrofula. pe ,-3- of blood, bloody water. Tears of blood. Vermilion. Breath
khk-i dary, A porpoise. e." 3+ khk-bn, A swine-herd. ing hard. J-- --khn-b chashidan, To die.
P *- kh-kardah, Habituated, accustomed to. re, Te-khn-ld, Stained with blood.
P j- khakizah, A large duck, a goose. r_j\ j}+ khn-br, Shedding (or raining) blood. (Generally
P c- khawag, A servant.
** kh-gar (or, s kh-gir), Accustomed to, habituated.
J*A: kh-gar shudan, To be used to. To become tame.
*A*; kh-gir, The stuffing of a saddle. A pad. A pack
saddle. 3,3,3}< kh-gir-dz, Asaddle-maker. (Husten.)
c
A J;4 khawl (from J}+), Keeping, preserving. Turning
one's attention to the proper management of an estate. (pl. of
J34 kh-il), Servants, domestics (male and female), followers.
Shepherds. Khawal, The bit of a bridle. Wealth in servants
and handmaids, (pl. of J khl) Maternal uncles. (pl. of Jil
kh-il) Shepherds. (pl. of s- khawliy) Excellent managers.
P J;- khawl, A servant. "Any thing bent. Khul, A magpie.
A lark. The bee-eater. A kind of sparrow. A bird's comb.
A shad-fish. A bubo. Khawal, Name of a bird resembling
a partridge. Lean.
Pe);- khawln, A certain juice with which they anoint the
eyes. Servants, retinue. Khawalan, Buckthorn. -
A - khawlat, The female deer, a doe. Name of a woman.
A s- khawlak, Terror, sudden fear. A wolf. A wild man
of the woods. A skilful guide. A gambler, one fond of wagering.
r;"> khulalu, Cumin-seed.
P es. khulanjn, The herb galangale.
P &- khawlah, A quiver. Khulah, Empty.
A J khawly, A good manager.
P s- khaliya, Anything feasible to every body. (BURHAN.)
r}}~ khli (or c-khalin), A kind of bird. A locust.
Pjs- khlizah, A goose. The lodging of a bear.
A c-khawn (from c-), Being perfidious, deceitful, break
ing a promise. Khun, (pl. of e;- khiwan or khuwan) Tables.
Khawan, Languor of countenance.
Pe-khun (equiv. to ey- kh'in), A table. Food. Khn,
Blood, gore. Bloody. Selfishness. Pride. A table. Reading.
Singing. c c-khan-ashm, Blood-thirsty, ferocious, cruel.
la ze-khan-i bat (c- jm, or 39 raz), Wine. J- ze
khun-i jbal, Rubies, cornelians. X- 2003- khn-ijigar (or
Je dil), Deep affliction. e'r 2.5-khn-ijahn, A ruddi
ness in the sky. e':- 203- khn-i haywin, Milk, fat, or ho
ney. --> .e.:- khn-i khum (or e\; karbn), Wine. ex:
c-, Je Khn-i dil-i khk, Flowers. Rubies. Jy ex
khn-rkhtan, To shed blood. Seve .e.:- khan-i sdah, Pure
blood. e- , c-- khan-i siyawushn, Dragon's blood.
J& cy- khun shudan, To perish. F: ..c5+ khn-i kabu
tar, Wine. e-A ex~ khun kardan, To kill, murder. Khn,
A house. Khiwan, A log of wood.
r 9;s- khn-ab (and &\;= khnbah), Blood, a torrent
-
spoken of the eyes of a lover).
P \t- khn-bah, The fine paid for the shedding of blood.
A. &:- khawnat (pl. of c- kh-in) Deceivers, traitors.
P **** khanjadah, A gum for closing wounds.
P <<- kh'anjak, A black grain. A kind of corn.

r sls khnjidah, A kind of eye-salve.
P - khnchak, Fruit of the mastic-tree. Trefoil.
P e khn-chakn, Dropping blood.
P **** khnchah, A small table, resembling a tea-board, a
tray. Meats sent from a marriage-feast to an absent friend.
P J:s3- khn-chin, A bituminous liquor of the consistence
of wax, found in sepulchres wherein embalmed bodies have lain.
p &y- ex- khn-kharbah, Bloody work, deeds of death.
p_\;<\; khn-khir, Devouring blood, cruel, blood-thirsty.
P J- cs khn-khragi, Murder, destruction.
P J- khn-khri, Effusion of blood. Sorrow.
r &; khand, A lord, a prince. Swift, rapid.
P - ec- khn-dast, A sort of table.
rj- kh'und-kr, The Turkish emperor.
rej-khndan, To read. (CASTELLus.) See es';*
rjs- khn-raz, A blood-thirsty tyrant. An executioner.
An amorous glance.
rv- khnish (for Ls-), Reading. Intercession.
re,\ j}: khn-fishan, Shedding blood, cruel. saddle between the horse's sides and the legs f * rider.
rj- khnkr, A killer. A king (as having the power of P .55-455- kh'ay-khy, Shame, bashfulness. (BURHAN).
sentencing to death; hence used as a title of the grand Turk).
rjs. khn-gar, A tanner, a currier. A cook.
r- khn-giritr, Dull, stupid, insensible.
PAe- khn-giriftah, Whose blood is taken, condemned
to die, at the point of death.
P ---'er- kh'an-gasht, A butcher's block.
r s-khnandah (for s- khnandah), A reader. A
singer, a musician. A crier.
r &;s khnah, A rolling-pin, or any thing for making level.
r -khuni, A murderer, a homicide.
rej khunyan, An assassin, a bully, a cut-throat.
re,+ khnn, Bloody, bloody coloured.
A 5,233 khuwrat, Debility.
...A J. :- kha-ul, (pl. of Ju- khl) Maternal uncles.
A &J,3- khu-lat, The relation of a maternal uncle. (pl. of khshtanr rstan, To adorn or dress one's self.
C-khl) Maternal uncles. Pe c- kh'ashtan-bin, Self-important.
r sys khawh, Sweat. Khh, Tares, darnel. A sister. Kha
wah, Strangulation, suffocation. Strangled. A servant. A
narrow pass between two mountains.
rus; khh, (equivalent to s-kh'h), Wishing.
P c- khhnidan, To cause to beg.
r_>;- khahar (for Al- khhar), A sister.
r U.S.- kh'ahish (for U.S.- kh'hish), Petition, intreaty.
p J-3-khhal (kh'ahl, or al- kh'ahlah), A shoe-stretcher.
Crooked. Bent.
P J- kh'ahlg, Crookedness, curvature.
r c- khhan, A vender or presser of oil. A funnel.
a .533 kharcy (from ~5,3-), Being ruined, fallen down, or de
serted (a house). Khawa' (from s-), Being reduced, fallen
640 (#5-
in (a woman who has recently brought forth). Being empty
(the belly), and collapsing with hunger. Khawi, Empty-bel
lied. A flux of blood from the nose. Khawiy, Firm, fixed. A
tract of level ground between two hills.
P sys- kh'ay, Sweat. Filth, rubbish. A sown field, a mea
dow, herbage just sprouting above ground. A saddle-cloth, or
dorsers below the saddle. A helmet. Rust. Mildew. Khy
(and 33 kh), Manner, custom, mode, humour, habit, disposi
tion, temper. A helmet. cu-ji J- kh-i atishnak, A
fiery temper. e 53:- khy kardan (also c- khy
giritan), To contract a habit. J. A bad-khy, Of a bad
temper, s-J- kh'ush-khy, Of an amiable disposition.
Khawz, Spittle. A helmet.
A &;- khawiyat, Meat prepared for a woman in childbed.
Khatriyat or khuwiyat, The space between the udder and the
-
matrix of a ewe.
PC:- ** kh'ay-ch'in (or ey- ** kh'ay-kh'urd), A shirt,
a sock, or under waistcoat, (as imbibing the sweat).
p 35- c.55- kh'ay-kh'urah, A saddle-cloth, and the flaps of a
A &= - khuwaykhiyat, Calamity, misfortune.
P & 33 khawd, kh'id, or kh'ayd, A sown field. Green corn,
or grass cut for horses.
P j9 - 55- khiwi-dard, A whitlow.
P - kh'aydak, A kind of melon.
pe;-- khatridan, To chew the cud. To sell corninth
p 3-3-khawisah, Disputing, contention.
P Ut-khsh, Self, himself. Body. Fxistence, mre
A plough. A species of cotton cloth. A son-in-law, a kin"
(for Ut-kh'ush), Good, well, pleasant.
pej. 3- khshn, (pl. ofU-khsh) Rela tions, kindred.
r &\s khshvand, Akinsman.
J- khzshvand, Consanguinity.
P -
re-s- khshtan, One's self. Self. e-y y-3-
pje c- kh'eshtan-dr, Abstinent. Feeding well.
P J--: c-3- khshtan-shins, Self-conceit.
P c-; Ls khsh-kurbt, Kinsmen, relations.
rj- khsh-kar, A farmer, a husbandman.
pus-3-khshi, Relationship, consanguinity.
:- khygar, Habits, customs, manners. (CastELLUS).
AJs khuwayl, (dim. of Jus khl) A little".
P 43- kh'aylah, Foolish, ignorant.
pet sys- kh'uy-nd, An earth-worm. (Burhn-i katit.)
p33}}< khawyuz or khyz, A bat.
Ppejr:
& Xs }<-
khuyah, A shovel.
kh'ayidan, An oar.
To sweat. To be collected. To live.
 \--
--
: P & khah, Ridicule, derision. A hillock. A threshing-floor.
&as khah khah (or f-f- khahi khahi), Well done!
p_{s khuhr, Native soil, settled residence, abode.
p Js khahl, khuhl, (or als khahlah), Crooked. Khuhal,
A last for stretching shoes.
Puss khi, (equivalent to << khik) A bottle, a skin, a bag.
A J- khayy (from 53-), Falling (a house). Intention.
A * khayyb, (A flint) not striking fire. --> e: ---
khayyabu briu hayyabin, Loss, detriment.
rejs- khiybn, A parterre, a flower-bed.
A &s khaybat, Desperation, hopelessness.
re-s- khaybidan, To masticate, to chew.
rj- khiyar, A cucumber.
Ajs khiyr, (111 of s-) Glorying, or boasting mutually.
Excelling. The myrobolan. The citrul. Any thing choice,
excellent. (pl. of 23 khayr), Good, abounding in good things.
js- khiyaru'sh' shart, Optional condition. J * -->
anta bi'l khiyr, It is you to choose, take which you will.
A 5-s- khiyarat, Anything exquisite of whatever species.
Pr-L- khiyr-chambar (or r-s), Cassia fistularis.
pe'92'-- khiyr-dan, A cucumber-bed. An avenue of trees.
rjj khiyr-zr, A cucumber-bed.
r jus khiyrzah, A small cucumber. *:- 5 Ms- khi
yrza-i sipand, Wild cucumber.
A s- khayari, A kind of violet.
Ajs- khayasir, (pl. of ey:- khayzurn), Canes, rattans.
p &j- khayazanah, A wife's sister.
A *-s- khayshm, (pl. of ex- khaysham) Bridges of
noses. The projecting parts of mountains.
A Jews khiyz (from J-), Entering, or fording (a river).
Plunging (into business or danger). Taking counsel. Stirring
(wine) with a stick. Acting inhumanly towards a wounded man.
A ks- khiyt, A needle. A passage. Khayyat, A tailor.
A *us khiytat (from A-3), Sewing. Creeping (a serpent
on sand). Herds of ostriches. Swarms of locusts.
A&A. Khaytiyat, Name of a Muhammadan sect.
* Js- khayal, A phantom. A scare-crow.
A Js- khayal, A phantom, a ghost, a spectre, or a vision.
Imagination, fancy, idea. The exterior form. The resemblance
of a man, with which they frighten birds, a scare-crow. J
Js khayl-ibtil, A foolish imagination. &\- J- khayal-i
hftsah, The retentive faculties, the memory. & Js
khayl-i khilfat, Ambition. J-,e_3 kicat-i khayal, The
powers of the imagination. reje J- khayal kardun, To ima
gine. To preserve, to keep. A Khiyl (from J;-), Keeping,
preserving. Turning one's attention to the proper management
(of an estate). (111 of J), Promising rain by thunder and
lightning (clouds). Acquitting, setting at liberty. P c- J
khiyl-i khm, A vain imagination, a ridiculous idea.
64] _-
A ls- khuyl-a, Arrogance, pride.
A ... khaylt and khiylt, (pl. of Jus khayl or Ju
khayalat) Phantoms, or imaginations, P ** Us! ,-l- kha
Jlt-i by magna', Absurd ideas. A J;" | s. khaylt-i
la ta-il, Ill-grounded expectations.
P --> Js- khiyl-parast, Abard. A visionary. A lover.
A J- khaylat, A phantom, a spectre. The external form
of a thing. Khayyalat, A troop of horses, or their owners.
A. J- khayally or khiyally, Imaginary, ideal, capricious.
A Fs- khiym, (pl. of s- khaymat) Tents, pavilions.
A &- khynat (from U9-), Deceiving. Violating an
agreement. Perfidy, treason, disloyalty. Dishonesty, embezzle
ment. Rape. P e --~~~ khiynat kardan, To betray.
P <!---> khynat-pshah, Perfidious.
**** khynat-gar, A traitor.
rjs- Khiya war (or Js- khiyawar), Labour, industry.
P e'- khiyawn, An agreeable spot outside of a town.
rjs- khayyar, Chewing, mastication. (CASTELLUs.)
P e-'- khayy?dan, To chew.
A & khaybat (from Q-->), Being disappointed, baulked.
Hopelessness. & & khaybatun (or khaybatan) lahu, May
ill success attend him : e
A rs- Khaybar, Name of a town in Hijz.
P e-r- Khaybar-sitn, Name of the Khalf Aliy.
A G-c- khayt, The causing a sound, exclamation.
r Js khital, A lie. A joke, a jest, pleasantry.
A **** khaytam, A seal-ring. A seal.
A 22- khaytari, A restless woman.
A_j x~ khaysatur, Any thing that soon disappears. The
semblance of water called - sarab. Filaments in the air in
hot weather. The world. Any thing suddenly attacking a
man, and destroying or depriving him of his senses; death, ca
lamity. The imaginary demon, called also Ghul, which is said
to devour both man and beast. A lion. A wolf. A little animal
that moveth constantly on the surface of water. A woman of
a bad disposition. Satan. A departure to a distance.
P &= kh'ch, A plough.
P & khd, Wheat or barley in the blade.
A Q-32=- khaydab, A straight open road.
A &A.- khaydabat, Former habits, or employments; as J.3"
- J) akbilila' khaydabatika, Return to your old affairs.
A ts- khaydae, A deceiver, a knave. Wrong, misleading
(road). A vapour floating over the plain.
p c-> khzdan, To be bent. To teaze, to card (wool). To
scratch. To groan.
P 8.xx~ khdah, Curved, crooked. Cotton-wool.
Ajr- khayr (from 2-), Being kind, favourable to. Being
well off, enriched in goods. Excelling (others). Preferring,
choosing. Good. Goodness. Goods, riches. A good work.
Abounding in good things. Better, best. Well, happy. J
4 N
 Jr
- 642 C*-

&A) khayrul bariyah, The best of men, i.e. Muhammad. a 3,23 khayra' or khira', Abounding in good things.
W- khayr-buwa, Common cardamoms. jr- khayru 's P r=~ khir A species of violet. The winter gilliflower,
'sanr, Thanksgiving. A tear. -r- khayru 's 'siyab, Saflower. The herb ox-eye. The boundaries of a house, the
A fine whitish linen. Ga. 23 khayr-i mutlak, The chief space within the walls. The inner apartments, also the principal
good, the summum bonum. A 223 khayr wa sharr, Good apartment on the top from whence any thing is viewed.
and bad. }\e 22- khayr wa tyal, Health and welfare. a &23 khayriyat, W elfare, safety.
\ta-'Ur' s- khayru umurin awsatuha, In the medium is vir rj khez, Rising. Leaping, bounding, capering. A spring,
tue. rs- **) abniya-i khayrah, General goods, public edi a leap. A wave. A riser. An assault, shock, brunt. (in comp.)
One who awakes or excites. J-A sahar-khz, An early riser.
fices. P exis =>2< khayr-dut gutan, To salute, congratu
js -- shab-khez, Rising in the night-time, leading sleeples
late, bless. Khir, Liberality, nobility. Khayyir, A good man.
p_z=- khir, A pain in the eye (from dust). A torpor or nights. J- &; fitnah-khz, Exciting a tumult:
numbness in the limbs. Name of a red and white flower. In P 9:- khz-b, A wave, a surge, a billow.
rej- khzn, Rising, leaping. A wave. A root running
digent, destitute, desperate. Impotent. Astonished. Bare
faced, impudent. Wain, useless. Causeless. far a wide. Js-, eas utino khsn, Falling **
A --> khayzab, Soft, tender (flesh).
A <!-- khayrat, (pl. of 5:3- khayrat) Good things. Good A Jj- khayzabn, Soft, tender (flesh). A young ostrich,
works, charities. Sacred fabrics, charitable foundations. Land
APeyj + khayzurn (or J2j- khayzr), A cane, a rattan.
given in charity, principally to Musulmns; it is by custom he
A&Vjs khayzarnat, The keel of a ship. Khayzurndl,
reditary and alienable.
A. khayrti, Intended for charitable purposes, given (Men) sitting in a ship. The gait of one
A j- khayzara' (also J- khayzala'),

| (or to be given) or received in charity. (HUNTER.)
p U-A" -- khayr-andesh, A well-wisher, a friend.
P e-r- khayr-andeshi, Well-wishing.
P & 23 khayr bd, Farewell. May he prosper'
A S- khayrat, A good thing, any thing exquisite of what
ever species. The best (of men). Good, pleasing (woman).
Khirat, The favour or blessing of God. <! 32-Je t'ala
khrat; 'llah, With the good God. Khayyirat, Excellent (wo
man). Khiyarat, Anything choice, exquisite. Election.
P **r- Khayr-khh, A well-wisher. Benevolent.
rz- khir khir, Idle, futile words. Haste. Astonished,
stupified. Dark. Wain, useless. Groundless.
pr- khir-sar, Vain, opiniated. Shameless. A trifler.
Pejr:- khrashidan, To wound with the nails.
p sl khayr-gh, The inner part (of a house). (CAst.)
J.-- khirag, Malevolence, malignity. Obscurity.
P A c--khaysn (from U-3-), Neglecting, dissolving, break
khr, A kind of violet. Flower of mallows.
p Jz Khayrwn, Name of an ancient city in Shirwn.
r && khirah, Malevolent, malignant, wicked, quarrelsome,
contumacious. Astonished, confounded. Dazzled, fatigued.
Dark, cloudy. Clear, manifest. Torpid, sleeping (the limbs).
Looking through half-shut eyes. Vain, vacant, empty, indolent.
Much, many. Stupor, astonishment. Ignorance. A glutton.
Jy --- ss khirah-chashm raftan, To walk with half-shut
eyes, careless and inattentive to surrounding objects.
P-39 s khirah-dary, Of little understanding.
r -e y-khirah-dast, Awkward, slow, unskilful, unlucky.
p y-khirah-ray, Shameless.
p > y-khirah-sar, Stupid, blundering, insane, silly; a trifler.
J ss khirah-kosh, Ofa distempered brain. A lover.
P
who walks as if his limbs were out of joint.
PAsj-khz-gir, Rise and catch (children's game, *
what like blind man's buff). A pigeon intoxicated with love.
f sj khzandah, Rising, leaping, sliding. A boy's game
of sliding from high ground. A sledge.
P c- Kh7-wn, Name of a country.
re-- khzdan, To rise, leap, spring. To totter, slide,
tumble. To prop. To blow the nose. To creep on all fours.
A U-2s- khays (from U-t-), Exhaling a disagreeable smell,
stinking, corrupting, being putrid (carcase). Being neglected,
despised (meat upon a table, as not fresh). Violating a treal?
breaking a promise. Being fixed (to a Place). Grief, trouble.
Sin, crime, error. A lie. Khis, A thick forest, a den (of a
lion). Thick, entangled reeds. Milk flowing copiously.
P U-3-khis, Any coarse linen counterpane.
ing (an engagement).
Peu-- khsnidan (ore-3- khsyidan), To cau
to moisten. To mix. To creep forward (as * child).
A 3-2- khisat, A lion's den or haunt.
P & khistah, A nut; the stone of fruit. Mellow land pre
pared for sowing. Oppressed, afflicted. Rising up.
A 45-res khaysara', Destruction. Aberrance. Perfidy.
Loss, damage. Khaysary, Losing the way. Suffering loss.
p 3.x+ khisindah, Moistening. A cold infusion.
P & khisah, A coarse coverlet or garment.
Pejr--- khisidan, To moisten, dissolve, or mix (an elec
tuary). To knead a mass of paste with hands or feet. To chew.
To start back (as a horse). To dread, to be terrified.
rified.
AJ&s khaysh (from Js.), Terrifying. Being"
 --
Coarse linen cloth of an open texture. Jax" C- khayshul
tamal, One who does business expeditiously.
ru-khsh, A sort of linen cloth. A summer garment.
A yoke. Kindred. 22, Ut-khsh-i misr, Egyptian linen.
P *~~ khishwah, Land prepared for sowing.
P &[*** khsh-khnah, A kind of tent constructed of reeds,
camel's hair, or cotton cloth.
rts- khayshafaj, Cotton-seed.
A :- khayshum, The nose; the cartilaginous part of it.
A promontory, the projection of a mountain.
A U-23 khays (from Lars-), Being few. Small (thing) either
given or received. Khayas, An inequality of the eyes, the one
being larger than the other.
Aa2+ khays, (fem, of Jais- akhyas) (A she-goat) hav
ing one horn erect, the other close to the head. Having an in
equality in the size of the eyes.
A Jass- khaysn, Little (money).
Ausars- khaysa, Anything separated, scattered.
A. Ji- khayyiz, (A sword) made of male and female iron.
A&-i- khayzatat, A helmet. A diversity of sounds. The
clashing of swords. The shouts of war.
A -ij- khayzaf, Breaking wind in the presence of others.
A ** khayt, A thread. A small rope. The air. ex-l
al khaytul aswad, The black thread, i. e. the darkness of the
night, or the first appearance of twilight. J al khay --> sarab is seen to float.
tul abyaz, The white thread, i.e. the dawn when diffused all
around. &A) a- khaytur rakabah, The spinal marrow.
Jb ls- khayt-i batil, The threads of vanity (i.e. an exhala
ition in warm weather, like threads of cobwebs floating in the
air; also, rays of light, resembling threads, passing through cre
vices in window-shutters into a dark place). Khit, A herd of
ostriches. A swarm of locusts. Khayat, Length of neck.
Aes. khtn, (pl. of *> khut) Limber twigs. (pl. of
His- kht) Herds of ostriches.
A lass- khaytat (from lar-), Passing quickly, and at once.
One thread. A pole, a pin, a club. (in the dialect of Hudayl)
A slender rope made of the Arabian tree --- salab.
A -lass- khayta, Rapid, swift-going (dromedary).
A khaytafa, A rapid pace.
A Ja Khaytal, A cat. A dog.
A Js. khayta', A herd of ostriches. A swarm of locusts.
A &is- khaytimat, A nobody, a worthless man. Obsolete.
A 3,4- khaytarat, Levity, poverty, and barrenness of mind.
a Js. khaytal, A sleeveless might-shirt. A wolf. The lamia.
A ls khayalat (from Jae- Q), Putting (upon another
Person) a shirt or shift without sleeves.
*-s khayf (from -i-), Fearing. Terror. Fear. A
hill. The declivity, the lower part of a mountain. Higher
ground, whence water flows. The lower part of the breast. A
643
camel's sheath. The skin of a camel's udder. A uterine brother.
i al khauf, A temple on the declivity of mount Mina near
Mecca. Khf (pl. of -5,- khawf, Li- khayf, and &
khiat) Fears. (pl. of -i- akhyaf) Wall-eyed (men or
horses). Wide-sheathed (camels). Khayaf (from -r--), Be
ing wall-eyed (a horse). A variety in the colour of the eyes
(the one being blue and the other black). Roominess in the
sheath of a camel. Khiyaf, (pl. of -533 khatef) Fears. Khiyaf
or khuyyaf, (pl. of s- kh-if) Timid, fearful.
A $.3 khayf, (fem, of -i- akhya) Wall-eyed (woman).
(A camel) having a large bag, but destitute of milk. A com
position, in which the words occur with and without diacritical
points alternately.
Ajs- Khayfar, A king of Mesopotamia or Ethiopia.
A J- khayfan, Locusts diversified with white, yellow, or
green. Excellent, swift (horse). A multitude of men. Name
of a mountain-herb.
A & khayfnat, A horse with long feet.
A & khayfat, A knife. The den or haunt of a lion. Khifat
(for & 5,3- khiwfat) (from -ij-), Fearing. Terror, fear.
p_i~ khayfar, Household utensils.
A G- khayfak, Very swift (young ostrich, camel, or horse).
A woman with long small-boned legs, and taking long steps. A
prodigy. A widely extended plain over which the vapour called
A c- khayfan, Locusts, the locust-species.
p z-khifanj,
Q
Lint-seed. (CASTELLUs.)
P -3- khik, A leathern bottle, a bag. A hide. The spoils
of animals (as their skins). (CASTELLUs.)
*** Hikchak (dim of-knik), Asmall bag of Rus.
sia leather, holding about 20 English pints of water, which the
Persian cavalry tie under the horse's belly, or hang at his side.
P & khaykalah, Name of an herb.
* -s- khig-b, A leathern water-bottle.
r Js- khayl. A body of men, a troop of cavalry. Followers,
dependants. Contention, tumult, mob.
re J: khayl-i
tarab, An encampment, tribe, or body of Arabs. Khl, Snot.
A J.- khayl (from Js), Imagining, thinking. Supposing,
entertaining a vain notion. Being proud. Halting, limping.
Eating frequently of rue. Proud, self-important. Assafoetida.
Rue. Horses. Horsemen. Thick, squat (camels, or horses).
A black stallion. A horse-bridle. A lord, a possessor. A mili
tary standard. A hillock. Not disposed for love, unmarried.
Liberal. Beyond suspicion, of an excellent disposition. A hand
some man. Weak in mind and body. Attentive. A good
steward or administrator. A winding-sheet. Khil (from Js),
Imagining, supposing. Being proud. Assafoetida. Rue. (pl.
of Js- akhyal) Persons who have many moles on the face.
p!...+ khayl, The elegant walk of a lovely woman.
4 N 2
 Cre-
A $.3 khayl, (A woman) having many moles (a great beauty
among the Arabians). Khuyala, Arrogance, pride.
P J- khaylan, Haughtiness.
A es- khiln or khayalan (from J-), Thinking, entertain
ing a vain or false notion. Being proud. Khiln, (pl. of J
khl) Moles on the body.
P c- khaylanidan or khilnidan, To prick, to bite.
A & khaylat or khilat (from J-), Thinking, fancying.
Being proud, haughty.
P Jr- khaylatsh, A fellow-soldier, a comrade. A general.
P &\s!-- khayl-khanah, A great tribe, an illustrious family.
A t:- khaylat, Terror, sudden fear. A wolf. An ima
ginary silvan demon. A shift without sleeves.
r;-- khl, Mallows.
A&J- khayllat (from J-), Imaginary, fancying, enter
taining a vain notion. Being proud. Pride.
A J.-- khayla', A lie. A sycophantic whisper.
P J.- khayli, A number (of men). Many, very much, very
long, too
much. Jj J.-- khayli zaman, A very long time.
T & khaylijah, Enough,sufficiently. P ***M <!--
sex, khayl.jah rozgar didah o kar axmudah, One who
has seen enough of the world, and learned experience.
A. ** khaym (from **), Lifting (the feet). Having recourse
to fraud. Khaym, khim, or khiyam, (pl. of &z=- khaymat)
Tents. Kh7m, Natural, innate, peculiar to any thing.
p 2.3 khim, Self-love. Nature, disposition. A signal, a mark.
Excrement of the eye, smot of the nose, spittle, shavings of the
hair or beard, scrapings of the intestines. A wound. Pain.
Grief. The bowels. A hangman. A large sack, the warp of
which is cotton, and the woof of linen yarn of different colours.
A rope for tying sacks. A fool.
A ev- khayman (from **), IIaving recourse to fraud.
A & khaymat, (&- khaymah, also khimah), A tent, a
tabernacle, a pavillion. Any hut framed of trunks and branches
of trees. A shade. J3 <- khima-i asrak, The sky.
ps".<- khaymshah, Sadness, grief, affliction.
A 3-t-khaymat, An adultress.
2 - -
P J- khimagi, A needle.
P J- khimnkn, Wounded (men). (CAstelles).
A &t=== khaymumat (from ~), Fearing, being cowardly.
p53 44- khimah-dos, A tent-maker.
rej & khaymah-san, A pitcher of tents, an officer who
has the direction of encampments.
py-&- khimah-sar, The sky.
P s s- khimah-gh, A camp.
A us- khaymy, A tent-maker.
U.- khina, A sweet voice, song, modulation.
P Pes's dbhanitan, (in ancient Persian) To laugh.
*A*- khina-gar, A musician, a harper, a minstrel.
r c--- khindan, To adorn, to decorate.
644 ">
p :- khayi, or khiy, Spittle, saliva.
A_j :- khuyur, (pl. of s- khayr) Goods, good things,
Pj :- khayz, A bat, a reremouse.
A U-2-3-khuyush, (pl. of Ls khaysh) Coarse, flimsy linens.
A *::- khuyushat, Subtilty. Minuteness.
A *:::- khuyut (or &:- ), (pl. of lars khayt) Threads.
A -- khuyf, (pl. of -i-, Large-sheathed (camels).
pus:- Khivak, Name of a country in Persia.
A J:- khuyl, (pl. of J.- khayl) Horses. Troops, armies.
A *::- khuyum (and *:::) (from **), Using fraud.
P &- khiyah, A vessel of leather or wood, for carrying earth.
A J-- khayhafa' (also **s- khayhaa), A mongrel
whelp, from a dog and a she-wolf.
p J-- khayidan, To chew the cud.
A J-khuyayl, (dim. of J.- khl) A little mole or freckle,
Q dal, The eighth letter of the Arabic and tenth of the Per
sian alphabets, denoting 4 in arithmetic, and 'the fourth day in
the week, or Wednesday; also the planet Mercury in the Ephe
merides, and the sign Leo in the Zodiac. It corresponds to the
letter d, by which it is represented in this edition. It is some
times interchangeable with cr te, 3 z, or j <; as c's kht
for el- khd, Je adar for 37 zar, y dzar for 'A's didar,
F \e d, The foundation or groundwork of a building.
* da-a, (imp. of "e, wada-a) (for 89 dat) Leave, let alone.
-je da-ani, Let me go, leave me alone.
A sle da-a (from e), Being sick. Disease. Pain, Sick,
indisposed. *\e di-w's 'satlab, The fox's disease, i.e.
the scald, loss of hair. ~3) Ae di-u's 2ib, The wolf's dis
ease, i.e. hunger. J) \e da-ul fil, The elephant's disease,
i. e. the leprosy. us) A3 & bihi di-u'z'zaby, He has the dis.
ease of the ghazel (a beautiful species of deer), i.e. he is fault
less; that creature being supposed to have no distemper.
A. <<!"> da-alik, (pl. of 45 du-lak) Important affairs.
A Je da-alil, (pl. of Je delib Calamities. Confusions.
A -->e da-b or da-ab (from c-'e), Striving, exerting one's
self. Being fatigued. Thrusting violently forward. Custom,
manner, mode, institution. Condition, state, situation. --
<--s da-bi suhbat, Good manners, civilization. ** 9
da-bi kadim, Ancient custom.
r "e db, Magnificence, pomp, pride. Ostentation. Pro
duction, invention. Name of a Persian king.
***db, (in anc. Pers) Gold. (A -ss-ahab.) (trm)
*****" dabhndah, Laughing. (Burhn-i ktie.)
A &\e dabbat, Whatever is creeping upon the earth. A beast
 * 645 SS

- - of burden. A reptile. J da-batul arz, The white ant.
The second beast mentioned in the Apocalypse (who, according
to the Muhammadans, is to come forth from Mecca).
: P Je Dabati, Name of a sea.
AA's dbir, (part.) Following. A follower. The part, the
ls end, extreme part, the remains, the last (of a family). An ar-
t. row passing through the mark. The worst throw at dice. A | p J J-e dkhil shudan, To belong, to be referred to.
building on marshy ground, which totters from the elasticity of
s- the foundation. Ale clo mta kadbir, He neglected his
g- friend', business. Al-N) J.-- amsa'd 'dabir, Yesterday.
r A 5'9 dbirat, The latter part, extremity (of a sand-hill).
The tendon of the foot. A bird's spur. The heel. Flight in
battle.The art of tripping up the heels in wrestling.
P *}le diah, A kite. A chaffinch. - -
s A vle dibas, Name of an herb used in dyeing morocco.
P **** Dbishlim, Name of a dynasty who reigned in So-
mant. (Burhn-i ktia.)
A Cle Dbik, Name of a river near Aleppo.
A J.' J duki dbil, A severe calamity.
A 3.9 dabugh, A water-melon.
P Je dbk, Misletoe. Birdlime. (Burhn-i katia).
Pe's dabunitan, (in ancient Persian) To give.
rle diparzah, A swallow.
data-bar, Administering justice, just.
s A ~|~ da-as, (pl. of Vie da-s-a or da-asi-a) Handmaids.
- *** da-s (from cle), Eating. Filth. Dregs.
...a tie da-sa-a or da-asa-a, A female servant, a handmaid.
G|J e' ibnu da-sa-a, Foolish, silly.
AAA dasir, Dirty (garment). Rusty (sword). Perishing.
Lost. Foolish.
AA-le dakhir, Small, contemptible. Humble.
P U.S.-le dakhis (or U-3-3 dakhish), Name of a disease.
A J-le dkhil, (part.) Entering, penetrating, arriving. Ac
cruing (profit). Inner, internal. The interior part. J-le cr
min dkhil, From within. ~~~ Je dakhilul hubb, Sincere
love. J-) J&le dakhilus' sirr, In the secret, a confidant.
PJ-le dakhul, A king's court.
A 3-1-\e dakhilat, Low (ground). Custom, fashion, rule.
A J-le dkhilah, A receipt for goods or money.
* A J-9 dkhill, Contained, belonging to, inherent.
P &le dkhim, Riches gotten, sustenance, daily bread.
P J.-le dkhl, A kind of seat or bench at the entrance of a
palace. Figures set up at the corners of fields to frighten wild
- beasts into the toils. A scarecrow.
P ex-le dkhdan, To open the eyes, to stare at any thing.
To separate, to divide one thing from another.
P cle did, (third pers. pret. of Jele dadan) He gave. A
gift. Justice, equity, law. Complaint, lamentation (under op
pression). Measure. A part, a portion. Revenge. A ring
worm. Life. Age. A year. |A cle dad-i khud, Gift of
God. eye- cle dad dadan, To administer justice, to decide a
cause. Jo cle dad-i dil, Heart's desire, ex~ cle dad si
tandan, To take vengeance. e-A e's dad Kardan, To do
justice, to decide a law-suit, to adjudge. c *A, ele did
ofaryad kardan, To implore justice, to call aloud for ven
geance. ele , Je adlo dad, Equity and justice.
Plele dada, A female servant, particularly an old one who
has attended upon a person in his infancy; a nurse. A handmaid.
A Asie da-da-a, The latter part of the month, the three or four

P zlo daj, Darkness, obscurity. A dark night. last days of the moon. A large channel of a river.
A tle djj, (part.) Going softly. Companions, associates, a see da-da-at (from cio Q), Galloping at full speed (a
fellow-pilgrims to Mecca. Partners in trade. Horse-hirers. camel). Being present. Stirring (a thing). Stilling (a thing).
A 3-le djat, The followers of an army, or of those who go | Covering (a thing). The noise of a stone thrown into a tor
on pilgrimage to Mecca. Minutiae, trifles. rent; also that of the rocking of a cradle. sle i. laylatu
A e-le djin, Tame, domestic, cade (animal). da-da-at, A dark moonless night.
A&-e djina, A tame sheep or pigeon. Iaining all day. rse ili Distributor of justice. One of the epithets of
A g-'9 dj, Dark. Humble (life). Exuberant (benefit). God. Ls Je'e dadar-i girdigar, The just God.
* <-- dachak, An ear-ring. re-ele dadistd, x- cle did sitad, or el-ele dadsitd,
Aj-'9 dhr, (part.) Thrusting back, rejecting, reprobating. Giving and taking, buying and selling; commerce.

** Av-le dahis, An abscess at the end of the fingers, a whit- P & Jl ele Dd-frid, Name of God, also of a note in music.
3. low. Name of a celebrated horse. P &J'cle dadalah, The game of tipcat.
* - A J-le dahik, The falling of the uterus (of a camel) after P ele'e dadan, A title formerly given to the kings of Persia,
, birth. Passionate. Silly. from ~~5 Kayumars unto ~s Gushtsp.
A U-5-le dilis, An imposthume under the nail, a whitlow. P ele dad-bz, Name of a game played with dice.
:::::::: A tp for deer, a buckstall. * Je's dad-baksh, Dispensing justice, distributing right.
g P j. * which foxes are caught. * Ly ele did purs, Demanding justice.
* P Js-le im. T. , a set, a slip. *User: ele dad-purs?, Enquiry after justice. "
}. tan, I o know. r-ele dd-kh'h, A petitioner for justice, a plaintiff.
 _\2
r Js-ele did-kh'hi, Requisition of justice.
f so cle did-dih, Distributing justice (name of God). The
fourteenth day of the month, according to the aera of Yazdagird.
P U.S.) cle dad-dihish, Liberality, munificence. A present.
PUs cle did-dihi, Administration of justice.
rjle dadar or dadir, A brother, a dear friend. God.
r eye's dadrd, A name of God. A builder. A smith.
P <--y 39 dad-rst, Just, upright.
P ey ele dad-ram, Name of a festival.
Jele dadar-andar, A brother uterine.
PJes'
P Ajee dadarand, An elder brother.
P J--> ddistan, A partner. Contented, satisfied. Dd
646 _\s
Name of God. (in comp.), Holding, possessing, keeping. A
possessor, a lord, a master. JAT b-dr, Watery. Waving.
A water-keeper. Resplendent. Fresh. j's *: peshn-dr,
Having a front; impudent, obstinate. J &a- hissah-dr, A
partaker, a partner. Jo JJ rish-dr, Having a beard. Jae
Je tamal-dr, A tax-gatherer. Jo <ygosht-dr, Fleshy,
J'NL ml-dr, Opulent. J'o , wm-dr, A debtor, Je99
dr dadan, To empale. Je U.S. 29 dar-i shash dar, World.
ex-.Jo dar shishatn, An aromatic bark of a prickly tree.
Ajlo dr, A house, dwelling, mansion, habitation, an inhabited
place. A city. A tribe. A camp. Paradise. (poet.) Fire.
Hell. ~~}_\e darul adab, A seat of learning, a university.

sitn, An avenger. A king. A judicial decree. evle drul amn, The house of safety. A country in which
per* cle dad-sukhan, Appreciation of a speech. (GLADw1N.) there is peace. ~~ jo daru'l harb, An enemy's country.
r 1, ele dad-talab, Seeking justice. *" Jo dru's 'salam, The mansion of salvation, or peace,
P ele dad-farmy, An epithet of God. A just king. Paradise. The Ottoman Porte. Baghdd. Damascus. JJ
p cle diduk, An old nurse. An officer ofjustice. &la- daru's 'sultanat, (le drul khilfat, c-ex-Jo
r sle dd-gh, A judgment-seat. A sepulchral monument.
dru's'satdat, also cal' je daru'l milk), The royal resi.
* See dd-gar, An administrator of justice. A superinten- dence, the metropolis. \{e\_\e dru'sh 'shaf (or JA, jo
dant of the markets, who puts a price upon provisions. Name drul maraz), An hospital, an infirmary. Leye dar sini,
of a certain feast.God Omnipotent. A just king. Cinnamon. r!) Me daru'zzarb (or s sahab), The mint.
Pfte- dd-gari, The administration of justice. &\ril) Jo daru'2'ziyfat, The banquetting-house. Jj
*2-see dd-gustar, Just. An epithet of God. The heart. darul tiyr, The assay-office. Wii) J). daru'l kaz, The
rse dd-gir, Just. An avenger. Custom, rite. judgment-seat, the tribunal ofjustice. -->4)jo daru'l kutub,
re-- ddan, (s & T) To give. To command. To play the A library. --~~" J3; 29 dr-i ghurr wa mihnat, The
whore. e-'93% ~);-jawb b: ddan, To give a reply. dwelling of pride and wretchedness, i.e. The world (called also
r x5.5" dadand, An elder brother. \ 29 dar-i ibtil, The house of temptation; j's daru'l
- t
rja'-'9 dadandar, A uterine brother. bawar, The dwelling of perdition (likewise hell); ej="2"
p Jelly dadani, Worthy to be given. A present. The place darul huzn, The valley of tears, or the house of sorrow; and
of gie, i.e. where presents must be offered. An advance of U.3 ye dir-i fan, The frail house). [...] Me daru'l baki, Life
money for work or goods. eternal; synonimous to which are <2,3}) \, darul akhirat, The
rle dd, An aged servant. A tutor. A youth. last home; *AL's darul khuld, The house of etermity; J
rjee ddwar, A name of God. L daru'l karar, The permanent house; and c- daru'l
P \, cle dad-wand, Equal, even, just. Jakn, The sure abode. ' ** 29 dir-i natim, The mansion of
r see dadah, Given, delivered. Giving. se'e -\, tib
ddah, Inflamed. sele j-jaz-ddah, Rewarded, or chastised glory, Paradise. "A" ad dar, Madina (in Arabia). ey's
ad' darni (or cle') ad' durayn), The present and future life.
according to desert. ex see dadah amadan, To be given.
A_\e drr, (part.) Giving clear light (a lamp). Giving much
P ..see dadi, Name of a small bitter grain.
A Jee dadi-a, (pl. -s-e da-dy or 3. To da-di-a) The milk (a camel). Frequently paid (tribute).
latter part of the month, the three or four last days of the moon. r), dr, Holding fast. A possessor. God. Darius, son
A large channel of a river. of Drb. The Darii, kings of Persia. A sovereign. Lees,
sediment. xy Je Dar-i rm, Alexander the Great.
p Je's Ddyn, Name of the ancient kings of Persia.
r_3"> dazar, A brother. A kind friend. God. P -\e drb, Pomp, pride. The noise of combatants. Name
rjle dazar-andar, A uterine brother. of the eighth king of the Kaynian dynasty.
A -se dzy, A long bitter grain resembling barley. r yle dart, Magnificence, pomp, state, dignity.
A*99 dara (for J39), (fut. Jyaduru) He turned round. A We dirt, (pl. of $A2 darat) Houses. Circular street.
P eye Drd, A name of God.
r_j\e dar (s a TN) A gallows, a gibbet. A beam. Flooring.
A tree, a stake. Wood. Rope-dancing; also the rope on which rej; Mele dardr Kardan, To abide.
they perform. The die for coining money. Long pepper. * JA As dar-ifrin, Anything upon which one leans. A
 parapet, a lattice. (2 Kings I. 2.) A person in whom one re
poses confidence. An epithet of God. A raised bench, a sofa.
P Jjo drndan, To cause to hold.
P dry, The keeper of a granary. God. A king.
P l dr-i, Belonging to Darius. Sovereignty. A red
silken stuff (when waved it is called y-khr).
A C-22}\e drib, Accustomed (to hunting). A trained falcon.
P bjle dr-ba, Necessary, needful.
rjyle dar-bz, A rope-dancer.
Ple dr-bm, The principal beam for the support of a roof.
A jle diribat, A clever woman. Little bells for horses' necks.
pJ.'jle dr-bur, A woodpecker.
* JjJo dr-barin (or cjJe dar-buzin), A place or thing
upon which one leans. Nightshade.
p cl dr-bazn, An inclosure of pales or lattice-work.
P tJ'e dar-by, The odoriferous wood, aloes.
PJ Jo dr-bahl, Brasil wood.
rle dar-parah (or3.jle dirpuj), A chaffinch.
P *}_ dr-pajah, A linnet, a goldfinch.
A 3/3 darat, A house. A halo round the moon. A circular
place. A round heap of sand. Whatever encompasses a thing.
Land lying betwixt mountains. An Arabian tribe. Misfortune.
Azle drij, Moved by the wind (dust), and showing where
a body of men are. (An infant) beginning to walk.
PU-jl- dar-chini, (a Je sini) Cinnamon.
* J-Mo dir-khl; A branch, a sucker, a sapling.
P 9/9 Dard, A name of God.
rele dardr Kardan, To remain firm, to endure.
P e'99 dar-dn, A nursery-ground.
* --~~\o dr-dast, Nightshade.
P 9);je dar-zard, Turmeric.
A Ll daris, Menstruous (woman).
* ~ Me dar-sumb, A winble, a gimblet. A woodpecker.
p -le dar-sanj, The world.
* Lo darsh, Wire. The worst part of an ox's hide. Drish,
Tinged (especially black). Retention, custody.
* Jj99 darshirjin, The white violet.
A to darit, Armed with a coat of mail.
*eple dar-farin (JjJe dr-wazin, or cj Jo dar
basin), A platform on which they place cushions to sit on, parti
cularly at shop-doors.
P J jle dr-filfil, Long pepper.
A &\e drikat, The understanding.
rle dar-kadu, A post whence they suspend cups of gold
* "arks and prizes for archers, who shoot riding full speed.
P 4-5 je dr-kisah, A follicle, a pod.
g p Je dar-gsh, Preserve, keep, take care of.
darini, (part.) Going with short steps. Smoothing the
Afye
* Equally-distended (thigh). Large hock.
A &le darimat, A hedge-hog.
Pyle-je dar-madr, Agreement, adjustment of a dispute.
r & Kyle dirmak, A kind of fragrant grass.
PUJe dar-mush, Arsenic.
P sle darandah, Having, holding. Keeper, possessor. A
bearer, carrier, or messenger. Je ze2,3 3.xyle daranda-i
farmn-i tl-shn, The bearer or messenger of the king's or
ders. --- Jle drandagn-i maktub, Letter-carriers.
P cilo daring, A butcher's tray.
P J J'e dar-nihl, Logwood.
P le Drini, Name of a place in India.
P 2), dr, A medicine (simple or compound). A remedy.
Oxymel. A preparation of vinegar and of honey. Spirituous
liquors. Gunpowder. An inferior order of priests (amongst
the fire-worshippers). A good man. J jle daruw-i bun
duk, Gunpowder. Lt: '- daruw-i bihsh, A maddening
draught. --- jle daruw-i chashm, An eye-salve, a colly
rium. ** *Ule daruw-i garm, Hot spices, cloves, cinnamon.
rle dar o burd, Power, strength. Pomp, pride, strut.
Battle, conflict. An arched building.
Pyle, drw-dr, A foolish talker. One who doubles his
stakes at play. (CASTELLUs.)
P eley- dara-dn, A medicine-chest.
rele daroghg, A superintendancy.
P & Me drghah, The head man of an office, the prefect of
a town or village. An overseer.
P UAE, , , ), dr-arsh, A vender of medicines, a druggist.
P -:2Lle dru-kob, One who brays medicines in a mortar.
A mortar in which drugs are pounded.
rle dar o gir, Give and take. A tumult, a conflict, the
noise of combatants. Pomp, pride.
A J. Darm, Name of a fortress near Ghaza.
P U*,Llo darwish, A standard.
rle darah, A sithe, a sickle. A circle. A halo round the
-
moon. A stipend, a salary.
A&sbjle darihat, The assaults of fortune.
r ; 'o dirah-kb, A woodpecker.
rle dari (second pers, pres. of clo dshtan), Thou
hast or holdest. The superintendent of the public granaries.
A court, a palace. A bell in the Christian churches in the East I
i
for summoning the people to church (the Muhammadans using
.
none). A certain measure of wheat.
A t99 dari, Conscious.
A &le dari-a, (A camel) suffering from a pestilential swelling.
A lo dary, One who keeps close at home. A perfumer.
Delicate, enjoying the luxuries of life. (A camel) lying apart
from the others. Some one, any one. Repelling. Stretching
(anything). Coming upon, or going out on a sudden. Blazing
(fire), glittering (star). The seaman who directs the sails. Be
longing to the town of cJ Darin.
 C2"> 648
A *A darim (for cje darin), Withered herbs.
A c- darayn, (oblique dual) The present and future life.
A c Darin, Name of a maritime town in that part of Ara
bia called c-, Bahrayn, an emporium for Indian spices.
P e. Je dar-ynn, Name of a medicine.
pje daz, Beards (of corn). Bones (of fish). A plasterer.
Plaster. A plastered wall. A building.
p_\;\e dazr, A builder. An epithet of God.
P 3}\e dazah, A perch, a roost for fowls. A word.
p}\} dj, Sweepings of any kind, especially those of a barn.
P U-> das, A sickle, or a scythe. A small two-edged sharp
dagger. Destruction, corruption. Potters' earth. A beard of
corn. A fish-bone. A noose, toil, snare. Rue. A pot, a pan.
J) J-2 dis-i raz, A vine-dresser's hook or sickle. Cj ~~~
das-i zarzn, The new moon. U-29, U-19 das o dalus, Broken
in pieces, destroyed. Foolish, base. Prunings, trifles, rubbish.
P_\-le dasar (or j-le dstr), A public crier.
re-le dstn (also u-\e dist), History. A fable, a ro
mance, a tale. Story, news. Notoriety. Snares, ambush. (CAST.)
r &\si-lo distkhlah, (4-9 distghalah, C-o dist
klah, 's-le diskhalah, al-le disghlah, & K-9 disklah,
c-le dsglah, or 4-2 dsgalah), A small sickle, a pruning
or weeding-hook. A lopping-instrument. A hooked stick for
pulling down branches. A mistress.
J-- ds-diraw, A reaper's sickle.
P; J-> Harvest.
A $2.3 dasirat, Swift (she-camel).
p 3-3 dasah, A sickle. An ear of corn.
Je dish, A furnace, a lime-kiln, a potter's furnace. A re
P
pository for ashes. A tile. A present, a free gift. (added to
a noun), A companion, as Je 4-);-- khjah-dsh (or G
Je sabak-dsh), A school-fellow.
P Lle dashb (or Je dshn), A present, a free gift.
p.su.".) dshd, A donative. Remuneration, amends. A fur
nace, a kiln. Cheerfulness, glee. An apothecary, a perfumier.
P ...".) dsht, (third pers. pret. of e-'- dashtan) He had,
he held. Bringing up, breeding, taking care of, patronage.
Service. A potter's furnace. A present.
r);&le dasht-kh'r, (Je dsh-khr, or Juk's dish
khl), The dross of iron.
ej'- dshtan, To have. To hold. To possess. To owe.
P
e-'-2 bar dashtan, To exalt, to raise up. To bear, to carry.
e-'- *A bar pay dashtan, To erect, to place upright.
p & "e dashtah, Had, holden. Old, worn out. &e J.--&-
e dushman dshtah shudan, To be held in abhorrence.
P e-'- dashan, A present, a free gift. Wages, recompence.
A largess in money or clothing distributed amongst the poor by
the ancient kings of Persia on certain days of public rejoicing.
A. e-'- dishan, A new house, not yet inhabited. Any place
wherein new clothes are laid up.
A 3.2 dsat, (pl. of La), d-is) Thieves, robbers, pirates. - wolf. A kind of weasel.
J
A Je da-s (from Je), Filling (a bottle).
Aie da-- (from e), Suffocating. Filling (abottle). Being
fat. Squeezing matter from a sore. Angering, insulting.
A. --> datib, A player.
A. 8- &l- dti daai, Words used in calling out to sheep.
A Lee dgir, Impure. A whoremonger. Worm-eaten wood.
Name of a certain camel of an illustrious race.
A 5,2'- dgirat, Impure (woman). An unfruitful palm-tree.
a J-le dgil, (part.) Fleeing, running away.
A Je- dasi, (part.) Inviting or stimulating (others) to any
thing; an author, a cause. Affectionate (servant), wishing well.
Urging the necessity of any thing. An orator. A plaintiff.
Ds (or 3.cle diaiyat) Remains (of milk in the udder).
A &r="e disiyat, The neighing of a war-horse. Petition, de
sire. Necessity, fatality, cause, reason. Purpose, resolution.
P e dgh, A mark. A scar, spot, blemish, freckle. Cautery.
A spot upon a garment, iron-mould. A mountain. ex, ,89
dgh-i bulandn, A mark made upon the forehead by frequent
prostrations. J e dgh shudan, To be stigmatized. To
acquire celebrity. To be worn.w e dgh kardan, Tomark.
c's dgh-i gasurn, A mark made on linens sent to be
bleached, that they may not be changed. An indelible mark.
P:JJ. &\e dagh bar r, The mark of servitude.
PJ'Ae dgh-dr, Spotted, stained, marked. A slave.
AA's daghir, Abject. "Vile, "Vive csahaba sighira
wa dighiran, He became abject and despicable.
* -e dgh-sar, Bald. Name of a sweetly singing bird.
A&a=le dghisat, The knee-pan. Pure water.
A *** daghim, A black, swarthy man.
pJ:#"> dgh, A thief, a robber. A bastard. A spy.
resse daghi, Spotted, stained. ex: J** dighi shudan,
To bear a mark. To acquire notoriety. To wax old, wear out.
P &e dghznah, The hot iron with which they perform the
cautery. Old, used, worn out.
A 3's dffat, An army gradually drawing near the enemy.
AA's dafir, Stinking.
As"> diis, (part.) Driving back, averting, hindering. (A
camel or a sheep) having beastings in the udder before bringing
forth. &le.8; kwat-i disat, The repelling power.
A cle daik, Going quick (a camel). (Water) poured out
A 3.3"> dfnat, (A cow) toothless with age.
A G-32 diinati, The arcana (of business).
A &'s diil (for -ie's hadi), A stranger.
A s"e daki, Poor, abject, beggarly.
A J-'- dakis (for Js kdis), A bad omen or portent.
A Je daknas, Name of a well-flavoured fish.
A J- da-l (da-al or J- da-ala'), (from J). Going slow
(as being heavy laden)." Travelling fast. Da-al, Fraud. A
Da-al (or c- da-aln), Deceiving,
 \S
-

r Jo dal, Alarge black eagle. A huge fish. Thick and fat
(woman). (equiv. to Ae dir) Hold. Jr- ,J\e dl-i mini
:
far, One chapter of the one and twenty composing the Zand.
a J. dl, Name of the letter 9. (From the figure of this
letter) Crooked, curved. A fat woman. A wolf.
A Jo dall, (part.) Indicating, pointing out, showing, signify
649 r
A.L.A., damm-a, The hole of a shrew; earth scraped out of it.
rel.le damd, A son-in-law. A father-in-law. The husband
of the king's sister. A near ally.
p sle damd, Affinity, being a son-in-law. J Je
dmd kardan, To contract an alliance, to marry.
P Je dml, Domestic utensils.

ing, denoting, implying. Significant, expressive, typical. P Je dmn, A skirt, a hem. The foot of a mountain.
:
r &\e dalbah, (The pickets or out-posts of an army) on guard. P cle dmndan, To cause to ventilate.
rele daln (or &\e dlnah), A hall, a vestibule. P ~\e Dmbk, Name of a king, who, according to East
P -'9 dlib, Alive coal, a firebrand.
ern belief, reigned over the Anteadamites. These beings were
P sle dalbuzah (or *::"e dlbujah), A yellow-hammer.
supposed to have had flat heads, for which reason they are called
rj"> dalbuz (or ;"> dlpujah), A kind of swallow. by the Persians Nim-sar (half-heads). Their principal residence
P J Je dal parniyan, Brazilian wood.
is placed in Musham, one of the Maldive islands, where they were
P Ce dl parah, A chaffinch. attacked (according to the same tradition) by Adam, from Sa
A&J'e dilat (from J;9), Becoming public, famous, notorious. rndib or Ceylon, and compelled to obey him. It is added, that
A 3), dllat, An amorous blandishment. they were afterwards appointed to guard the tomb of the father
A * dlij, (part.) Pouring water from a well into a cistern. of mankind during the day time (lions keeping watch at night),
A * dalih, (A cloud) full of rain. to prevent his body from being carried off by the Divs or evil
spirits, whom they suppose to have been irreconcileable foes to
A * dalikh, (part.) Enjoying a plenteous year. Adam and his posterity. The Portuguese have named the moun
p Js- Je dal-khl, A young shrub transplanted.
tain in Ceylon where this tomb is said to have existed, and where
A tle dli: , (Foolish) in the highest degree. Principal, most
traces of it are still pretended to be shewn, Pico dAdam,
important (business). A g"e damij, (or U--> damis), Dark (night).

A -]) dli, Heavy laden, going slow. (An arrow) falling A e damih, Temperate (night).

beyond the mark, or recoiling.

r 5)-- dam-dar, Laying nets. A branch of revenue
A Gle dalik, (A sword) easily drawn or dropping out of the arising from bird-catchers, players, and musicians.
sheath. (A troop) rushing with impetuosity. P e.9% e dam-tirazn, Hunters. Fowlers. Contrivers,
Per Je dal-man, A black eagle.
schemers. Cheats, knaves, impostors.
P *}}\e
dlwaz chaffin
ah (or sj,\e), A wood-p
ch. A ecker.
P j}\e dljah, A swallow. A 3-2 dimie, Wet with dew (earth).
A &le dmitat, (A wound or fracture in the skull) letting
r &\e dalah, An eagle.
blood flow, (if the blood only appear or drop, the wound is then
A 6'3 dalih, Weak in mind.
called rle damiyat).
A $.". daliyat, A water-wheel turned by oxen. Ground wa PJe Dmaghn, Name of the metropolis of a province
tered by such wheels. A vine. A thing made of palm-leaves
tied on the tops of the palm-branches. of the Persian empire called U-s; Kms.
r;"> daliz, (; "> dlj, or Je dlzah), A chaffinch. A A & "3 dimighat, A wound in the head penetrating the brain.
Long hard flowers shooting forth from the medullary substance
partridge. A sparrow.
of the palm-tree, and which, if not taken away, destroy it. An
; : rele dalin, A chaffinch. iron plate on the back of a saddle. A cross-stick (from which is
are da-m (from ce), Shoring up (a wall). suspended a leathern bottle).
* P fle dam, (s 3.TH a string), A snare, a trap, a gin, or a net.
r Je dam-ghal, A scrophulous humour; a swelling in the
Every kind of quadruped that is not rapacious. Worldly illu glands, a wen. A demon inhabiting the woods.
sions. The fortieth part of a rupee. e=== cle dam gashtan, A Je damik, Bad, worthless.

To spread a net. To cheat, to gull. To escape from a snare.
A fle dma, (in prayer), May it endure for ever! 4.d3
dma fazluhu, May his virtues be perpetuall je l- dama
fizzuhu, May his glory be eternal! (and in the feminine) --~\9
* damat matlihu, May his excellency live for ever !
p = < \e damak, A rabbit, hare, or any small animal that is not
lo carnivorous. A sort of veil thrown over the head.
A & Me dmikat, A misfortune.
P 2 .*.* dam-gah-i divo (or 95- sutur), The world.
p er- dman, The skirt of a garment, the tail, hem, border,

*\,\e diimi, The sea. breast. The sheet (of a sail on ship-board). The foot or skirt
a ve da-ma-a, The sea. of a mountain. ex\-3) J' er- daman bar afshndan, To
4 O
 c 650
travel, to migrate. To abandon, turn away from. cl- erl
23-3.cx daman chk badan-i dokhtar, The marriage of a
daughter. << erle daman-i khushk, Want of probity and
piety. Ars- zerle daman-i kh'urshd, The fourth heaven.
The light of the sun. J-y erl- daman dar chidan, To
draw in the skirt, (met.) To relinquish. Jyje er- daman
dar rekhtan, To disgrace. J e--J er- daman dar mi
3yn kardan, To tuck up the garments, to prepare to do any
thing. *; cr- daman-i kh, The skirt of a mountain.
PU? er"> daman-bs, Kissing the hem of the garment.
e-le daman-dr, Wide (as cloth).
P'-
el
astrologer xy sle dini-i Rm, The wise man of Greece,
i.e. Plato. Lk le dan-i Ts, An epithet of Firdawsi.
A zle dnj (from Pers. Ue dan), Learned.
p J. Gle dan-dil, Wise-hearted.
p cle dannidan (trans. of e-le danistan), To inform.
Pele danyn, Men of wisdom. Sages.
P &\,\,\, dnynah, Learnedly, wisely. Learned.
P Jule dn-7, Learning, knowledge, wisdom.
A * dnij, (Dust) raised by the wind.
A z) gednaj-abruwaj, Name of a grain.

PJ ere daman-kashan, Sweeping the ground proudly.
*Aer daman-gir, Seizing the skirt, i.e. attaching one's
self to a patron. Supplicating justice. Silencing, quieting.
P ***** daman-giri, Attachment, friendship. Applying
for justice, arraignment.
P J-'- damani, A woman's veil or mantle. Dmini, Scrap
edly. J <-e dnistah shudan, To become known.
of the shroud kept by the relations of the deceased. A saddle
cloth, furniture, housings. An ornament worn on the forehead.
P exle dmd, The forgiveness of a fault.
ahl-i danish, A man of letters, a learned man.
rjle dm-waz (or *}}<!- damozah), A mattock or a snow
shovel. A kind of basket carried on the shoulders by a pole
passed through two handles, for removing dung.
P & rle damugh, Complaint, lamentation, cry for help.
A & rle dmgh (or &\e damughat intens.) (A stone)
breaking the head and penetrating to the brain.
A J.-- damuk, Hot sultry (day).
r &le danchah, (s;le danjah, or sle dinzadah), Alentil
P &\e danad, It is possible. He is able. (Burhn-i ktit)
P -e dnist, Knowledge. Opinion.
P J-- danistagi, Knowledge.
P J.-- dnistan, To know, to acknowledge.
r &-e dnistah, Known, having known; wittingly, design.
Pule danish, Science, knowledge, learning. Jlo.Js
Learned.
PV Je dinish-r, Embellishing knowledge.
py; Je danish-as, Increasing knowledge.
rj; f Lle danish-mz, Teaching wisdom.
* 23. Je danish-pazir, Fond of knowledge.
PJ: J Je danish-parwar, Protecting, fostering science.
P Je danish-pijah, Seeking knowledge.
P * Lle dinish-panh, The asylum of wisdom.

A Jr.'" dmna, May they remain for ever!

P e-le dmi, A sportsman.
AJ-ledmi, Bleeding, bloody. & Je Poor.
P 2.9 damya, A mouse-hole. --
A sle damiy-a, A good thing, a blessing.
rjle dam-yar, A huntsman. A fisherman's net.
A 3-Ae damiyat, A contusion or wound on the head which
does not bleed. See &le dmitat.
rele dmdan, To fan, to ventilate, to winnow (grain).
r & Je dnish-pashah, Protecting wisdom.
p_\;<\e danish-khr Cle danish-gar, or ~~' di.
nish-mand), Learned, skilful, scientific, wise, intelligent.
F \; Je danish-kth, Short-witted.
P & Lle dnish-nmah, The book of wisdom.
r_y>|< danish war, A learned man.
P :-- danishwari, Wisdom, learning.
P J-le danish?, A learned or wise man.
A sle dnit, (part.) Coveting. Voracious, hungry. Lower

To mix boiling liquor that it may not overflow. To appear, be ing one's self. Without judgment, silly, stupid.
come known. To be equal to a thing. To mount. To tear up. A cle danik (or Jle dank), The sixth part of a dram, or
P sle damidandah, A winnower, a fanner. two carats; also a small silver coin, the sixth part of a dirham.
ree dan, A vessel, a sheath, a purse. (in comp.) What Dnik, Lean. Abject. Foolish. Thievish.
holds or contains any thing; as ele ab-dn, A pond, cistern, rei Sle dank, The fourth part of a dram. (according "
bath, or other reservoir of water. e." Ui tish-dn, A fire some) The fourth part of a J- miskl, Dnak, A small
hearth. Je J; bawl-dn, A urinal. e' *** shama-dn, grain. The fourth part of a dram. A sixth of any thing. ...t
A candlestick. e- kalam-dan, A pen-case. e's Us may so danak-i dih, The sixth part of a village. It's U- "
dn, A tun, a pipe, a butt. (in comp.) (from e- danis dnak, The whole manor. Dnuk, A particular kind of food
tan), Knowing, intelligent: as eleJs kadar-dn, Knowing the sent by the parents of an infant, upon the first appearance of its
quality (of persons). e's & nuktah-dn, Subtile, penetrating. teeth, round to the houses of their friends and relations.
r), dn, Learned. A learned man. A name of God. *\e r &\e danakah, Grain. See &\e dinah.
JA dn-i Irn, The wise man of Irn, i. e. Jmsb, the r &G's dankanah (also sle dangnah), A contr"
 22
** made by travellers or others for their common expenses. Ne
F cessaries, implements; ingredients.
P39 dang, A kind of grain. A kind of pottage made of
seven sorts of grain or pulse.
f sle danindah, Knowing, wise. He who knows. 33.33
J An original, or natural genius. J- $xle A copyist.
rvyle Dnush, Name of the person who sold &azr, the
mistress of Wmik. A kidnapper.
Aele Dnn, Name of the prophet Jonah.
rle dnah, (s) Grain; a berry, a stone of fruit, the maid-servant. Any servant. A boy. A forward, immodest
seed of any grain or fruit. A pimple. Grain or bait scattered
ide
for catching birds. A cannon-ball. Knowledge, science, learn
*i. ing. Learned. 2% &\ dna-i angur, A grape, a grape
stone. Jy &\e dinah awardan, To bring forth grain, to fall
into seed. Je- &le danah chidan, To pick up grain. To
beg. To make obeisance. J.A.: &\e &le danah dnah shudan,
g To be scattered piecemeal. Je &\e dina-i dil, Original sin.
at the corners of fields to frighten beasts into toils. A scare-crow.
J- &\e dna-i sabz, The seed of the pine. Je &\e dana-i A Jl dahil, Confounded, amazed.
-
** tamali, Artificial pearls. c &\e dnah krdan, To scatter.
&le 3- sih dnah, Three grains, three pieces.
, * Me &le dinah-dr, Granulated. Having the appearance
of being granulated. Containing grain.
fee &\e danah-dan, A garner. Sown land. A nursery
ground. Scattered, dispersed.
rej &le danah-zan, (Scattering grain) A sort of juggler.
* Js &le dnah-kesh, A kind of embroidered neckcloth,
worn in cold weather over the cloak.
P & Go dnah-gnah, Necessaries, furniture, worldly goods.
A $9 dan?, (part.) Approaching. Near.
A Cle dani-a, Vile. Impure, dishonest, abandoned.
A Je Daniyl, (Heb. 98.7) Daniel.
P Je danzdan, To know. To roll round.
Ple danizah (or *:::\e dnjah), Alentil.
Aji- da-w (from **), Lurking (a wolf).
Circumventing.
rle daw, A wheel. A reel. Expense, disbursement. A
stroke or move at play. The prize in archery. A stake at play.
A stratum of a wall. A mud-wall. A claim. Abuse, dispute.
A Qlo Dwud (and exe Dvd), (HEB. Ty") David.
A '- dawudiy, Name of a shrub which bears a flower like
camomile. A kind of armour.
rye dawar (for 92), dd-war), God. A just prince, chief,
governor, regent, ruler, judge, administrator, arbiter. Reme
dy. Medicine. An opponent, an adversary. * 29 da
war-i at:am, God, the Supreme Judge. eye Je dawar-i
dawrn, The monarch of the world. 29 J- sultan-i dawar,
The reigning prince.
P2,lo dawrr, A master of any art, a builder, a fabricator.
PJe dwaristn, A tribunal of justice.
rle diwari, Empire, sovereignty, dominion. The admi another (from love or friendship).
651 QS
nistration of justice. The sentence of a judge. Litigation.
Quarrel, dispute. A complaint. Jy fle dwari kh'urdan,
To submit to judgment, to suffer punishment. J% 's di
warf kardan, To judge, to exercise a jurisdiction.
PU\},\e dawzr, A builder, an architect.
A sle dawdy, Like David &le.8 ye durit-i di.
widyat, Coats of mail made by David.
A sle dawi, (Milk) covered with cream. Much (meat).
P sle dah (for se dah), Ten. Base, ignoble, cowardly. A
woman. Service, attendance. An old man.
rle dih, Caverns, hollows between mountains.
rjle dahir, Ever, at any time, never.
A U.S. dahish, Astonished, astounded, stupid.
A &se dahifat, A foreigner. Camels tired with travelling.
* Je dahil (or Je dihl), A buck-stall. Figures set up
***le dahim, A crown or diadem set with gems. A throne.
A eisle dahin, Anointed (beard).
A Je dah, Ingenious, penetrating. Sly, cunning, shrewd.
\& ad. dah?, The lion.
A &le dhiyat, Danger. An accident, a misfortune. Ex
tremely subtle, o, e-rle dhiyat-i dahwa or dahy,
and &se ,--be, dahiyat-i duhyat, A dreadful calamity.
P rle dhim, Dominion, dignity. A plumaged diadem.
A ** da-y (from 5'), Lurking (as a wolf). Circumvent
ing. (pl. of da-yat) Withers of horses.
P se day, A stratum of a brick or stone wall.
* Je dayndan, To make known.
A ~~ \e da-ib, Diligent, laborious. Fatigued.
A .e.-- da-ibni (dual of --- d-ib), Night and day.
A &le da-yat, The joints or back part of a horse's neck (next
to thesaddle). e re"The crow (aspecking at the sores there).
A -3\e da-is, Origins, roots.
A&\e da-ihat, A large spreading tree.
A *** da-ikh, Dark (night).
A_3\e d-ir, (part.) Revolving, turning round. Forming a
circle, encircling. Circumference, periphery, compass, circuit,
orbit. Round. A-2, le di-ir was-ir, Going the circuit
(judges); absolute, invested with authority. PeJ.\, d-ir
shudan, To depend upon, to belong or relate to.
A. 5, le da-irat, A circle, circumference, circuit, orbit, cycle.
A tambourine. A spiral lock of hair on the head or mustacho.
A fatal period, bad fortune. Flight from battle. A monastery.
p sle &le da-ira-i der-py, The firmament. 9, 8, le d
ira-i gird, The sun. ...5.x-b le da-ira-i hindi, A sun-dial.
rle da-irah, One who devotes himself soul and body to
4 O 2
 \,:
p L sle da-irah-kash, A pair of compasses.
A Je da-is, (part.) Trampling on. A thrashing-floor.
A Jale da-is, A thief, a robber, a pirate. A sheriff's officer. field. Rivulets, trenches cut in sown fields in order to water
One who sneaks about.
A clo da-ik (also cle cl m-ik di-ik), Foolish, silly.
J Je di-ik bi-ik, Cheap (utensils).
P e's dyagn, (pl. of &le dyah) Nurses, midwives.
P Je dayag, A nurse, a midwife. c Je dayagi
kardan, To bring to bed (as a midwife). --
A rle d-im, Permanent, perpetual, eternal, perennial. Al
ways, continual. At rest. Quiescent. Stagnant water. A
rle hamma-i da-im, An unintermitting fever. rle da-i-
mul ayym, Perpetual, always. As jle di-imui khamr,
A sot, a drunkard. J," '- da-imu'l marz, Eternally sick.
a ule da-iman, Continually, eternally, for ever.
A &le d-imat, (fem. of le da-im) Eternal.
A 3-5) di-imiyat, Eternity.
A e'l- da-in, A debtor. A creditor.
r &le dayah, A nurse, foster-mother. A midwife.
2-2,+ dya-i shohar-pisar, The earth.
P '- dayah-gari, Midwifery.
A J- da-7, Sick, indisposed.
P 9 dab, Anything given in charge to another.
# A c- dabba, (fut. C+A yadibbu) (The serpent) crawled.
A Q-9 dabb (from *-2 dabba) Creeping, crawling (as a ser
pent), advancing, stealing upon. Going slowly (an old man
leaning on a stick). Small hairs upon the face. Being just
(people). Dibb, A slow creeping pace. Dubb, State, condi
tion, constitution, manner, custom, mode, property, quality.
bear. The constellation of the bear. J.S. ,--- dubb-i akbar,
The greater bear.Jel ,--- dubb-i asghar, The lesser bear.
Q--> J) -- cr min shubbin ila' dubbin, From youth to old age.
A \ dab, A locust. Dib, Flight. Dabb, A gourd.
(A woman) having few hairs on the face. Hairy (camel).
A dabab, The sound with which they call the hyena.
Dibab, (pl. of &e dabbat) Bottles made of raw skins. Sand-hills.
Gourds. Dubb, Name of an odoriferous plant.
A &e dabbbat, An engine of war, under cover of which
soldiers approach a town, a wheeling hovel.
A *** dabab.j, (pl. of z dibaj) Brocades.
A &\s dababiz,
(pl. of &e dabuz or dubbuz) Cloths of a
double warp, of different colours.
A J- dababis, (pl. of U-29 dabbs) Clubs, maces.
A z- dibaj, A silk gold-wrought west. The preface to a
book. (III of **) Decorating (any one) with a rich brocade.
Dabbaj, A vender of such vests.
A t- dubakh, A game at dice.
A -ese dubdib, A corpulent noisy man.
A \le\e dab daba, In swarms like locusts.
652 _2^
Aj- dabr, Destruction. Dibar, (III of 29) Being inimi.
cal, carrying on hostilities. Slitting the ears of a camel. A
them; wells, reservoirs, ditches. (pl. of 29 dior) Bees, Dibar
ordubr, Wednesday. Je dibaran, (Coming to prayer)
after the proper time.
A 5\e dibarat, One part of a field.
A U-be dibs, A female locust.
A J-49 dabasz, (pl. of 3-2 dubsa or dubsiy) Stockdoves.
A *** dibagh (from 8-9), Tanning. Any thing with which
hides are tanned. Dabbagh, A tanner, a currier.
A &\e dibaghat, The art of tanning.
p &G- - dabbgh-khanah, A tannery, a barkary.
A le dabkat, The stump of a lopped branch remaining on
the trunk (of a palm-tree).
P Je dabl (or Je dablah), An orange.
A Je dubal, Dung, manure.
P & Je dablah, Noting the date when anything happened.
*\e
r x},\le Dubwand, Name of a country in Persia.
A sve sue dubh dubh, Bravo! nobly done!
A - dabab (from cve dabba), Being hairy on the face
(a woman). Hairiness. Small yellow hairs on the face. Dabib
(or Je dababn), Having small hairs on the face.
A e dabbat, A vessel made of raw skins in the form of ajar
or large bottle, in which merchants carry butter and oil. A
sand-hill or heap. Plain ground, level sands. One hair upon
the face. A gourd. Dabbat or dibbat, One movement (of a
creeping animal). &A) ess khafiyu'd 'dibbat, Stealing upon
A
one by surprise. Dubbat, State, condition. A she-bear.
A c- dabaj, (&e dabajat) (from **) Painting with figures.
A U-c dabhas, Naturally large. A lion.
r se dabdb, Pomp, pride, dignity, greatness.
A "se dubdab (or C-3, dubdab), A drum.
A e dabdab, The pace of a long-legged ant. The onag"
A warlike engine, a spy, a pioneer (as all preceding an army).
A *** dabdabat, The noise of a drum; also of a horse's shoe
upon stones. Dabdabat (or Jse dabdaba'), Verythick milk.
r &&.3 dabdabah, A kettle-drum; a platter of wood or earth
used as such. A petition, a request. Pomp, state, magnificence.
A 29 dabr (from 29), Being past, elapsed, drawing to a *
(day or might). Growing old (man). Following, succeeding
to. Turning the back. Shifting to the west (wind). Being
bent back (the ears of a camel). A field (particularly that part
where the ploughing cattle are turned, when they have some
cut grass thrown to them). Death. Utility, emolument. T.
bee, a swarm of bees or hornets. A young locust: A rock in
the sea covered with water, but sometimes dry. P" A large
body of water. Great riches. Plentiful. The latter part of
any thing. A hornet's nest. A bee. A young lo" A rock
 U23
k in the sea. Dubr or dubar, The back. The backside. The
conclusion (of an affair). Je cr min dubr; In the rear, behind.
te J J **) G-c titku'laabdi ean dubri, The manumission of a
n f servant after the death of his master. Dabar (from 29), Being
s galled (backs of cattle). Flight in battle. Warbles, ulcers on
the saddle-part of a horse's back. Dabir, Hurt in the back.
Dubur, (pl. of 529 dabarat) Ulcers on the back of a horse. or border hanging from the shoulder.
A ey- dabarn (or eye" ad' dabarn), A mansion of the
A ce dabb (from ~e dabba), Creeping, crawling in.
moon, i.e. The hyades or five stars in Taurus, particularly the
f brightest, commonly called Aldebarn, or the Bull's eye.
A 52-, dabrat, One part of a field. The latter part. Adverse
fortune. Dibrat, The coast opposite to Mecca. Dabarat,
Flight in battle. A sore on a horse's back. A camel's side.
P 329 dabarah, Unripe corn cut for cattle.
A Qo dabary, dubry, or dubury, Posterior. Coming too
late (as advice or recollection after opportunity is past).
A *29 dabariyan also duburyan, After the proper time.
After the death of any one. Preposterously.
rje dabz, Thick. (HUNTER.)
A U-9 dabs, Anything black. A multitude of men. PU-->
c dabs kardan, To pacify, to quiet. A Dibs or dibis, Honey
made by bees or flowing from dates. Must boiled with sweet
herbs. A multitude of men.
Clouds threatening rain.
re-- dabistan or dibistan, A school (for writing).
p3'--> dabistani, A student at a writing-school.
A J-9 dubsa or dubs, A very black bird with a melodious
voice, a wood-pigeon. A queest.
A U-9 dabsh, An unbarking, a peeling, a consuming, an eat
ing up. Dabash, The meaner household utensils.
A La dabas (from U29), Growing fat (a sheep).
. A 8-9 dubgh (from 8-9), Tanning (a hide). Dibgh (also
** dibghat), Any thing with which hides are tanned.
A C.) dibk, Misletoe. Birdline. Dabak (from G), Ad
hering firmly. Name of a town in Egypt.
A Je dabukiy, The cloth of Dabak in Egypt.
A J dabkal, One who has a thick and equal skin. Je.")
umm-i dabkal, The hyena.
A&e dabkalat (from Je 9), Driving (sheep) ogether.
A Je dubt (from Je), Dunging (land). Dressing, improv
ing
g, correcting (anything). Driving together or into a heap.
Making up (meat) into balls. Striking (one) repeatedly with a
stick. The plague, the pestilential bubo. A brook, a rill.
Dibl, A calamity, ruin. Bereavement. Dubl, A young or little fat. (pl. of Je dabl) Brooks. (pl. of Je dibly Calamities.
ass. Dubal or dubul, (pl. of Je dublat) Adversities. Abscesses.
Large mouthsful. Dubul, (pl. of Je dabil) Trees called Vi
ghaz, growing in abundance.
A&e dablat or dublat, A calamity, adversity. An impost Js2 dabba-i burinjin, A copper vessel. An hour-glass.
hume (especially internal). Dublat, A large globular mouthful,
or any thing of that shape, as gums, or confections.
653 G
p &le dublah, Sugared almonds.
A Je dablis, A finger-ring worn by the Moorish women. .
A ce dibn, A sheep-fold.
re, dibin, Birdlime.
A 3-2 dubnat, A large mouthful.
P,23 dubniakah, Hair flowing down the shoulders. A fringe
Going slow (cattle), especially from corpulency. Anything fat.
One who secretly injures by detraction. Streaming blood, flow
ing suddenly after a wound. A deep cavern.
rye- dubdar, A kind of juniper-tree.
A 32- dabu- or dubbiz (from P ex; 23 d5 pud), Cloth of a
double warp, of different colours.
AJ39 dabur, The west wind (which blows generally towards
night). The zephyr, Dubur (from 23), Being behind. Turn
ing the back. Flapsing (day or night). Being bent backwards
(the ears of a camel). Writing (a book). Waxing old (man).
Following. Weering to the west (wind). Passing through the
mark (an arrow). Relating (a saying or a fact) of any one
after his decease. (pl. of 22 dabr) Swarms of bees or hornets.
(pl. of 29 dibr) The latter parts of things.
P U-39 dabus, The lowest class of the people. A club or a
mace with an iron head used by cavalry. A sceptre. A ward
robe for the apparel which a bride takes to her husband. A
place in a boat or ship; the cuddy. Name of a small city be
tween Samarkand and Bukhra.
A U-29 dabus, The choicest of dates preserved with butter.
Dubbus, An iron mace.
P-5
J J dabus-tir,2 An iron arrow with a large
to
round head.
P & K-39 dabsak, Mallows.
P &e dabusah, A certain part of a ship, the cuddy.
A #39 dabgh, (Rain) softening the earth.
A Je dabbuk, A sport, a play, a game.
A G- dabuka, Misletoe. Birdlime. Human excrement.
A & 323 dabbakat, Plaited, braided locks.
P &#39 dabukah, A bag-pipe.
P Je dabuki, Harts tongue.
The herb turnsole.
A Je dabul, (A woman) bereaved of her son. A misfor
tune, a calamity. Dubal (from Je), Dressing, correcting
(a thing). Dunging (land). Driving together into a heap.
Beating repeatedly with a stick. Oppressing (calamity). Being
A &Q dabah, A sandy place.
P & 3 dabah, The rupture. Ruptured. Dabbah or dubbah,
A leathern vessel (for wine). A phial. (See &e dabbat.) e
A Je daba, A slow pace. Small locusts before their wings
grow. We's Jue malu ka'd dab, Much wealth, many cattle
 32 654 _->
(synonymous to which aret us." daba' daba', cre us? garment). Contracting rust (a sword). Clothing itself with
dabyu dabyayni, and cre use dabyu dabyatayni). Dibbly leaves (a tree). Oblivion, forgetfulness, Sloth.
or dubbly, None, no one. A 3- dasi-a, Pot-herbs cut and eaten before summer.
P r dabib, Anything soft and easily bruised. A &e dasimat, disinat, or dutimat, A mouse.
A - dabib (from cr dabba), Walking. Crawling (as A &e dasinat, A small quantity of water.
a serpent). Going slow (an old man, leaning on a staff). Steal rze duj, Any thing rubbed over with honey.
ing upon (a foe). Gaining ground (disease). Creeping (as A z daij, A word for calling fowls.
wine into the head, or rottenness into cloth). Being equitably
A U-3 duj (or *\-3 dujan), Darkness of the night, (pl. of
governed (people). Whatever creepeth upon the ground. -9 dujyat) Darknesses. The lurking places of hunters.
A & dabiyat, Flight.
A dibbij (or ** dibbih), Nobody, no one.
A s-e dj-a, (111 of 3-3) Counterfeiting. Dissembling,
Wheedling, flattering. Neither refusing nor consenting.
P &J dabid, An electuary, a medicine. A c-e dujt (pl. of 3-3 dujat) Coat-buttons.
p_ze dabir or dibir, A writer, a secretary, a notary. Je A z-9 dajj, A hen. A chicken slowly following its mother,
J) Je dibir-i s-ibu't tadbir, An excellent writer. Je (pl. of 3-2-3 dajjat) Hens. Domestics, families.
J.33 dibir-i falak, The planet Mercury. A 3-1-9 dajjat, A hen. A cock. A family, domestics,
Aze dabir, A thread drawn out in spinning. Any thing Name of a constellation. Dijajat or dujjat, A cock. A hen,
which is drawn from one. Je cre $2.5 } la yagraf ka A J--e ex- aswadu dujjy, Extremely black, pitchy, dark.

bilan min dabirin, He cannot distinguish what is before from

what is behind. Silly, foolish.
P ex~~~ dabiristn or dibiristn, A school (for writing).
A U-2 Dubays, Name of an Arabian king.
PU-3 dabish, An eruption proceeding from some disease.
A 3-re dabigh, Tanned (leathern bottle).
A C. Dubayk, Name of a city (by some) Damascus.
a Lire dubaykiy, A species of damask silk.
p Je Dabil, Name of a city in Armenia.
A U-3 dabil, The tree called Li ghaz, growing plentifully.
Scattered leaves of the tree J arta'. Je Je dibil-i dabil,
A heavy calamity, a painful bereavement.
A 1.5 dubaylat, Adversity, calamity.
A -->e dabyh, A pimp. A slandering tale-bearer.
P &- dapyah, A school.
P <!- dapang, A firm-fleshed boy.
P & 32- dapuchah, A leach, a blood-sucker.
A ce dass (or ce disas), Slight rain. Dass, A contorsion
of the body. A pain-giving blow.
A c-U.3 dasss, One who kills birds with a sling.
A_\e disar, A mantle, an upper garment.
A s dasa-y, Rainfalling after the heats of summer. Yean
ing in the summer (sheep).
A 3 dussat, A slight heaviness in the head. by
AA- dasr, Copious. Plenty (of riches). Disr, A good
manager. Dasar, Many. Lees, scum, filth.
Alaje dust (from Lic), Cutting open (a leathern bottle) and is put for sowing, having an iron instrument at the bottom which
letting out the contents thereof. * scatters it. Dajar (from 2-3), Being astonished, confounded.
A t- das?, Plain, level ground. (from *-je), Trampling Being tumultuous. Being cheerful and saucy. Dajir, Astr
upon, treading down.
Aj dasur, soilful, somnolent. Wile, obscure, never men
a -e dijr, (111 of ,-3)
Fleeing, running away.
A 5A-9 dajra, (pl. of AE-3 dajir and ey- dajrn) Aso
nished. Cheerful and saucy.
PJ-e dajal, A large body of travellers.
A Ja-e dajal, Dung. Dajal, A large company of travel
lers. False, lying. An impostor. Antichrist. Having only
one eye, and one eye-brow. Gold. The glittering of a sword.
A &ll=e dajlat also daijlat, A large caravan. Dujalat,
Liquid pitch.
A e-- dijn, (111 of c-) Feigning, acting hypocritically,
Jeering, holding in contempt. (pl. of c-e dajn) Clouded skies,
A 33-9 daijnat, Laden (camel).
A 3-9 dujat, A button, stud, or clasp (especially for the
breast or collar of a garment). The two first fingers and thumb,
with which one takes up a mouthful. Duijat, Darkness,
A ** dujaj and dujuj, (pl. of z-9 dajj) Fowls. Hens.
Dujuj, Darkness. Black mountains.
A eVre dajajan (from z daija), Walking slow, Creep
ing. Trading. Loosing a veil.
A g-- dajdj, Dark.
A z*- (ex-laswadu) dujduj, Extremely black, pilchy, dark,
A 3-2-e dajdajat (from z-- Q), Calling fowls together
saying t g daiji daji. Being dark (the night).
A 2-9 dajr, The plough-tail. Dajr, dijr, dujr, and dujur,
A Turkish or French bean. Dujr, A machine in which grain
nished. Cheerful and saucy.
ey-- dajrn, Astonished. Cheerful and saucy. A stick
A

tioned. Dusr (from Ae), Being obliterated. Being dirty (a fixed for propping a vine.

s-2
A 5-9 dajra', (pl. of ,-9 dajir and J.-- dajrn) Asto
nished. Cheerful, saucy.
A J-9 dail (from J-9), Besmearing (a camel) with pitch
(against the scab). Giving a false colouring. Deceiving. Ly
ing. Burning. Copulating. Traversing every part of a coun
| try. Being concealed (truth). Having only one eye and
eye-brow. Dujl, The lower order of men.
Al-e djlat or dajlat, The river Tigris.
P & 1-2 dijlah, A file of soldiers.
A ** dajm, A stock, root, origin, genus. (from -e)
****
ing dark. Dajam (from -e), Being sad. Dijam, (pl. of
*** dimat) Friends. Companions. Acquaintances. Dujam,
(pl. of *-e dujmat) Darknesses.
A&-e dajmat, A speech. Dijmat, A friend, companion,
acquaintance. Dujmat, Darkness.
Iniquity. Danger. Af
fliction. The pangs of love.
A wre dajn (from c-9), Stopping, staying. Being dark,
cloudy (day). Dajn or dujn, A cloudy sky. Much rain. Dark
ness. Dujan, (pl. of &-e dijnat, dujnat, or dujunnat) Dark the death of the mother).
mights or days. Cloudy skies. Great rains. Dujun, (pl. of c-e
dajn) Clouded skies. (pl. of 3-3 dujnat) Clouds heaped up.
A t-e dajna, (fem. of e-e adjan) Ugly, black (camel). Outbidding at a sale. Telling a fiction and concealing the truth.
A **** dujunnat, (pl. of 3.2-e dnat, dujmat, and du
junnat) Darknesses.
, A J--e duhlis, Bright, brilliant, resplendent.
A 3-9 dijnat, dujnat, and dujunnat, Darkness. A black
cloud, overspreading the heavens and pregnant with rain. (A
t ' dark brown fat man. Strong, strenuous.
day or night) obscured by clouds. Dujmat, An ugly black co
lour (of a camel).
* Qre dijna and dujna', The species of earth of which,
they say, Adam was created.
*}^* dajw, Darkness. Coition. Dujw (from 5-9), Being
dark (night). Wrapping up the whole body (in a garment).
Copulating. Being bushy and entangled (hair).
A -e dajwa, (A she-goat) with thickly entangled hair.
**** dajb, A vessel. A purse, a bag. -
A *-> dajjat (also s-3-2 dujjt), (A she-camel)
stretched on the ground and covered with dust. pecially rough and rocky).
A es-e dahjan (from ge), Walking slowly.
***** dajjy, Very dark. Black. Extended on the
ground and dusty (a camel).
**->e dajjiyat, Black (she-camel).
A cy-9 dajn, Gentle, tame. Dujun (from J-2) Remain
ing, staying. Being cloudy (day). Darkness.
A. &;-e dajnat, (A camel) trained to watering ground.
a Gre dajiy, Dark (night). Duja', Darkness. (pl. of
*::-) dujyat) The lurking-places of hunters.
A&-e dujyat, Darkness, of night. A hunter's lurking-place.
A nest of bees. A black ornamental patch, on the horn of a bow.
A hook at the end of a thong whence the bow is suspended.
A re daj (from ze daiju), Walking slowly. Creeping.
Trading. Loosing down a veil.
655 L-->
A U-3 dujayl, Pitch. A branch of the river Tigris.
a co dahh (from c. dahha), Concealing, burying. Copulat
ing. Pushing, striking on the back of the head.
A sl- dih-a, (pl. of 3-3 dihyat) Heads, generals, leaders.
A&l=<' duhbat (from e-e), Driving, impelling, thrusting.
Going in (unto one's maid).
A v--e dahhis, (pl. of L--e dahhs) Insects lying un
der ground.
A c-e duhadih, Short-bodied, dwarfish.
Be
A Je's dahds, (pl. of J-U-9 dahhs, dihhs, and of
duhhs) Yellow insects from under ground.
AzJ-e dahrij, (pl. of -,-- dahrijat and of duhrjat)
Balls of dung, such as are rolled by beetles.
A L--e dihs, (A house) full of people. Dahhs, dihhs,
and duhhs, A yellow under-ground insect, which boys put
amongst gins to catch sparrows.
A J-9 dihz, (pl. of Ji-edahz and dahar) Slippery(places).
A J-e dihk, The falling of the matrix after birth (causing
A J-3 dihl, (III of J-e) Deceiving. Lying in wait.
Unwillingness, (pl. of J-3 dahl and duhl) Holes in the ground
narrow at top and wide at bottom.
A U---- dahamis, Dark, moonless nights.
Duhamis, A
A J.-e duhmil, Proud.
A Q-->9 dahb (from r e-e), Driving, impelling, thrusting.
Going in unto (ones maid). Approaching.
A 3'-e dahba-at (from *-e Q), Humbling (ones maid).
A &-e duhabat, Many cattle. Dahabbat, Any thing near.
A C*-x dahas, Elegant in narrative.
A ** dahj (from **), Dragging along on the ground.
Going in unto (one's maid).
A cus-e dihyb (or c-sre duhjabn), High ground (es
A c-e dahdh (or *-la-e dahdhat), Short-bodied.
A t t dah dah or dahhi dahhi, Words used to impose si
lence, when one is going to blab or confess.
A y-e dahdarat (from J-e Q), Rolling.
A c-e dahdah, A big woman. A large she-camel.
A P-3 dahr (from A-3), Driving off. Thrusting back. Re
moving away. Rejecting, reprobating.
AA-e dihrj (from g_-- Q), Turning, tumbling, revolving.
A. ->J-3 dahrijat or duhrjat, Dung rolled into an orbicular
form by a beetle.
A U-3 dahs (from U-3), Promoting discord. Introducing
the hand between the skin and the peritoneum of a sheep, in
-
 656 C-->
c-2

order to get the hide off. Concealing. Filling (a vessel). Fill A 3-3 dahw (from 5-9), Spreading abroad the earth (God).
ing (an ear of corn). Driving, thrusting. Causing (gravel) to fly about (rain). Having
A. e--- duhsam, (eve--9 duhsamn, and j--> duhsa a large swagging belly. Humbling (a woman). Using nuts
maniy), Very brown. Very fat and firm. J J--> duhsa as marbles (a boy).
manul amr, Confused. A c-e dahuh, A big woman, or she-camel.
A La-9 dahs (from La-9), Struggling (a slaughtered ox). AJ3-3 dahur, One who repels, rejects, reproves. Duhr
A Li-2 dahz (from U2-3), Kicking (slaughtered beeves). (from J-9), Driving off, thrusting back, rejecting, reprobating.
Examining. Slipping, sliding. Disappearing (the sun). Dahz A J-e dahuz, A slippery place. Duhuz (from Li-e),
and dahaz, A slippery place. Being groundless (an argument).
P e-A i- dahf kardan, To drive forward.
A U-9 dahuk, (A camel) experiencing a falling of the ma
A G-3 dahk (from c-e), Driving to a distance. Not caring trix after the birth.
for, discarding. Casting forth, not holding (seed). Bringing A J;-- dahul, An impostor, a treacherous villain. A flatterer,
forth. Being unable to reach (the hand). Dahak, The falling Widened (well, or channel of a river). (A camel) retiring to
of the matrix after birth, causing the death of the mother. a distance from the rest. Duhl, (pl. of J-3 dahl) Holes,
a 3.5-9 dahkabat (from 3-e Q), Pushing violently forward. caves narrow at top and wide at bottom.
A&-9 dahkalat, (from Ji-e Q) Swelling (the belly). A 33-3 dihwannat, A big-bellied dwarf.
A c-e duhkum, Large-bodied. A J-9 dahy (from U-3), Expanding. Watering (camel).
A J-2 dahl (from J-9), Digging the sides, or enlarging a A 3-3 dahyat, A she-monkey. Dihyat, A head, a general, a
well. Descending into a hole narrow at top and wide at bottom. leader. J &-3 dihyatu'l kalbi, (The ape-dog) the shape
Retiring to one side of the house. Dahl or duhl, A hole in the in which the Muhammadans believe the angel Gabriel to have
ground, narrow at top and wide at bottom. A cavity, a hollow appeared to their prophet.
dug for collecting water. A place in a tent, into which a woman A 3-3-3 duhaydihat, Short in the body; a dwarf.
goes when a stranger enters. Dahal (from J-3), Being weal A c-e dahik, Far removed (place). Moveable (the eye).
thy (in cattle). Meeting with misfortune. Using fraud in the
r t dakh, A throng or company. Good for, adapted to.
sale of goods, bidding without intending to purchase, in order to
Dokh (for 2-e dokhtar), A daughter. Dukh, A reed, a cane.
raise the price to another. Being dwarfish and swag-bellied.
Dahil, An impostor, a rogue. A flatterer. A big-bellied dwarf. A falling star. Good, fair, prosperous.
A 2-2 dahl (or al-e dahlat), A well with a narrow mouth. A 2 dakhkh or dukhkh, Smoke.
A J-- duhln, (pl. of J-2 dahl) Hollows in the ground. AJ-U-3 dakhkhil, (pl. of J-3 dukhkhal), Hedge-sparrows.
A J.--> duhalis, Shining, resplendent. A to-e dukhadikh, A dwarf.
A &lal-e dahlatat (from al-e Q), Talking confusedly. A Lajie dakhris, (pl. of Lajie dikhris) Gores of sil
A 32-2 dahlamat (from '-- Q); Throwing down from a A L--e dakhas, A quadruped. Dikhas, Many, (A coat
mountain, or into a well. of mail) wrought with close ringlets.
A 2-3 dahm (from *-9), Pushing away with violence. Lying a J-e dikhl, (111 of J.-e) Being inward, inmost. Under
with a woman. Dihm, A root, origin. taking (any business). Getting possession of any one (a wrong
A U-3 dahm, Potent in venery. notion). The mind, the intention. A joint in the body. A *
A 3,4-2 dahmarat (from re-e Q), Filling (a leathern bottle). mel having just drank, returning again to the well, thrusting
A U-4--> dahmas, A thing black. A vinegar-bottle. Dark. himself between two others and drinking again. Penduloushair
Dihmis or duhmas, Anything black. Duhamis, Brown, fat man. on the forehead of a horse.
A e--- duhmasan, Foolish. Duhmasan, (duhmusn, or
A Jls-9 dakhll, (pl. of J-3 dukhkhal) Hedge-sparrow'.
JV--3 duhmasniy), Very brown, fat and compact. v---- dukhmis, Black and thick.
A

--a & L-e dahmalat (from J4-9 Q), Rolling on the ground. A c-e dukhn or dukhkhn, Smoke. Tobacco, or the fume"
Throwing prostrate and trampling upon. Lean, loose-skinned. els-- U.) abna dukhn, Wealthy and unemployed (tribe or fa
Plump, firm-fleshed. mily). -

AJ 94-9 duhmr, A small reptile. re; else dukhn-nshn, Smokers of tobacco.

A G--> duhmuk, Large-bellied or bodied. A G-e dukhniy, Smoky, like smoke, smoke-coloured.
Ac-9 dahan (from c-e), Being big-bellied and dwarfish. r -9 dokht (for 23-3 dokhtar), A daughter. A virgin,
Dahin, A dwarf, prominent-bellied. Wily, wicked, treacherous. Ability, strength. Contempt and hatred. e -39 dokht
A -J dihannat, Big-bellied dwarf. Dihinnat, High land. kardan, To detest. PUs! c-3-3 dokht-andar, A sister uteri.
A cJ-J dihindih, A boy's game. An insect. P23-3 dokhtar, A daughter. A girl. A virgin. Powe',
 L-2
a: strength. --57 As e dokhtar-i ftb, Red wine. t 25-9
2-1 dokhtar-i pk-akhtar (or,- 53', 2-9 dokhtar-i pk
g zah-jawhar), Daughter of a happy planet, i.e. a lady of family,
a nobleman's daughter. 392-9 dokhtar-i raz, Wine. A grape.
J%2, 23-2 dokhtar-i rzgr, Misfortune.
rej}=&e dokhtar-zan, A daughter-in-law.
p <<e dokhtarak, A little girl. An orphan, or girl edu
cated by others than her parents. A lathe for turning boxes.
f s-e dokhtarah (or 9-3-3 dokhtari), Virginity. A seal.
p 44242 dokhtarinah (or 4-3-3 dokhtinah), A young girl
of a marriageable age.
P c-3-2 dokht-zy, A woman bearing only girls.
pers-2 dukhtan, To sew. To gain. To milk.
Pyx-e dokhtandar, A daughter-in-law.
P cls-e dokhchakd, A scurfy head. Bald-headed. Dokh
chakad (or ACs-e dkhchakr), A man of great integrity.
A ** dakhakh, Blackness.
A clse dakhdkh, Name of an insect.
Ajse dakhdar (or Ly-e dakhrr) (P _\x.< takht-dar),
A cloth (white or black) with which they covered the throne of
the old kings of Persia.
rja-e dukhdr, A dirty white garment.
A 243 dakhdabat or dikhdibat, Firm in flesh.
A ts e dakhdakh (or t-e dukhdukh), A word imposing
silence, with a mixture of contempt. Dukhdukh, A dwarf.
A &e dakhdakhat (from t-e Q), Humbling. Tiring.
Restraining, prohibiting, averting. Taking short, quick steps.
A 5,23-3 dakhdarat (from Je 9), Putting on (an ear-ring).
A 2-2 dakhar (from A-3), Being little, vile, pitiful.
A U2,3-3 dakhras, One who is penetrating, knowing.
A *** dakhrasat (from U2,3-e Q), Declaring openly.
Ava A-e dikhris, The gore of a shift, or any piece put in to
enlarge a garment.
A}~e dakhz, Hard and strong. Coition.
A U-3 dakhs, The sticking of anything into the ground. A
corpulent man. A wolfs cub. Dakhas (from va-3), Having
a swelling about the root of the hoof (a horse). A distemper
affecting the hoofs of cattle. Dukhas, A dolphin.
r_r-3-3 dukh-sar, A bald head. A scabby head.
a so dakhsam and dukhsum, Thick, short, black.
A U.S. dakhsh, A dolphin. Dakhash, The being fleshy.
Pus dakhish, Commerce, contract, bargain. The com
mencement (of any business). Gloomy, dark.
P **** dakhsham, An ancient commercial connexion.
A ---> dakhsham, Thick, corpulent.
A x~e dukhshm (or ex~~ dukhshn), Thick, corpulent. a great smoke (a fire of green wood). Being smoked (victuals).
A Lase dakhs (from La-3), Being full of fat (a girl).
A U43-3 dakhz, Dung (of wild beasts or boys).
657 c-2
*A J-edakhala, (fut.Js-A, yadkhulu) He entered the house.
p J-3 dakhl, A festoon. Any thing coming to hand, gotten'
g_*: J&J dakhlokharch, Receipt and disbursement. Dakhal
also dakhil, Any thing lost by one, falling into another's hands.
Green corn cut for cattle. Returns, profit.
A J-3 dakhl (from J-2), Entering. Intruding (as a
stranger). Being familiar. Overtaking a traveller (night).
Corrupting, disgracing. Making lean; rendering insane. Doubt,
suspicion. Intrusion, interference. Molestation, disturbance.
Opposition, hindrance. The interior part. Return, profit, ad
vantage (from trade). Dikhl, Mind, intention. Custom, mode,
institute. Dakhal (from J-9), Labouring under any intrinsic
defect (the body, the mind, or business). Corrupting, disgracing.
Deceiving. A certain kind ofdisease. A tree with thick entangled
branches. Vice, failing. Fraud, trick. A proselyte. One who is
reckoned amongst those to whom he does not belong. re,93 J.--
dakhl kardan, To take possession of J ve <--92 J-2
dakhl o dast-darzi kardan, To enter and to seize by violence.
A Dukhkhal, The secret intentions of the mind. Thick, compact
in body. Herbage growing at the roots of trees. The best fea
thers. Name of an earth-coloured bird.
A}<e dukhal, (pl. of J-3-3 dakhil.) Intimate friends.
A l-e dakhlat, The interior, or best part (of any thing).
The mind, intention. Dakhlat or dukhlat, Law, rule, regula
tion. Dikhlat, A mixture of several colours into one. Dukhlat,
A secret. Dukhkhalat, Firmness of flesh.
Pele J-2 dakhl-dn, A money-till.
A J-e dakhlal or dakhlul, The interior of any thing. The
concealed thoughts of the heart. Law, rule, canon. Dikhlil,
Fat or flesh lying within flesh. Dikhlil or dukhlul, Intimate,
familiar. Sincere, affectionate. Dukhlul, Name of a small bird.
P --> dakhm, A coffin. A tomb.
A *** dakhm (from --~), Pushing away violently. Coition.
P J-s- dakhmas, Name of a weight.
A 3,4-9 dakhmarat (from 2,3-e Q), Filling (a leathern bottle).
Covering, veiling, hiding.
A 3--edakhmasat (from Lc-e Q), Keeping one's thoughts
to one's self, not allowing any one to know them. Fraud.
A & Lse dakhmalat (from Jas-e Q), Rolling on the ground.
P & S-3 dakhmah, A coffin. A tomb. A circular stone-build
ing on the top of which the fire-worshippers lay the bodies of
their dead. A substance resembling lights which protrudes from
a camel's mouth when in heat. (Burhn-i ktit.)
A c-9 dakhn (from ej-e), Smoking, sending forth smoke.
Dukhn, The grain millet. Dakhan (from ej-e), Sending forth
Being smoky, tending to black. Being evil (the disposition).
Malignity of temper. Hatred, a secret grudge. Taint of mind
4 P

or character. The glittering of a sword. Smoke. Dakhin,
Malignant, depraved (man).
A U-3 dakhn, Smoky-coloured (ewe). A species of sparrow.
A c-e dakhnn, Cloudy (day). Dukhnn, A sort of sparrow.
A &tas-e dakhnnat, Dark, foggy (night).
A 3.3-3 dukhnat, A smoky colour. Any aromatic put in the fire,
in order to fumigate; perfume, incense. &e3' abi, dukhnat,
Name of a bird. re; &-e dukhnah kardan, To fumigate.
A U-9 dakhnash, Robust (man or camel).
p\- 4.3-9 dukhnah-j, A censer. (CAstellus.)
A y-e dukhur (from A-3), Being little, vile, and pitiful.
A U23-9 dakhus, Plump, fat (girl).
A J;-- dukhill (from J-9), Entering. Overtaking (as J&_je darba dar, From door to door. &-J darbastah
night). Intruding (as a stranger). Being familiar. Entrance,
access. Coition. Income, revenue.
A c-e dukhn (from c-e), Smoking, emitting smoke. Be
ing raised in columns like smoke (dust).
A U-2 dukha' (equivalent to us-9 duja'), Darkness.
A\se dakhy, Dark (night)
a 3-3-3 dakhirat, A treasure.
A U-3 dakhis, A joint; also a little bone in a beast's foot.
The fleshy part of the hand. Compact and plentiful flesh. Fat,
plump. Many, numerous. Numerous (hills of sand). Much
(forage). Many (utensils).
A J.-- dakhil, Interior. Admitted, allowed entrance. In
timate, familiar. A friend, a confidant. A proselyte. A fo
reign word adopted into the Arabic. The articulation of the
joints. A horse having forage exclusively for himself. Je sle
d-i dakhil, An internal malady.
A lse dakhilat (-e dukhayl, or J-e dukhkhayla'),
The arcana of business. A secret of the mind. Canon, rule.
P &J dukhinah, A smoky colour. Fumigation.
p J. dad, Arapacious animal, a beast of prey. A reptile. A
forest abounding in game.
A 3.3 dadd (and lee dadan), Play, anything ludicrous. Dice.
Dadd, A portion of time.
A Jee dadn, Poor. A blunt, also a sharp, sword.
p >ee dadabnur (or 999 dadnabar), Baum.
A Joe daddad, Play. Any thing ludicrous.
peed dadan, Play. Any thing ludicrous. Dice. A blunt
sword. A sharp sword. Indigent.
P.Mee daddd. A fierce beast of prey.
pale;23 daddm, A fierce rapacious animal (as a lion or ti
ger). A harmless quadruped (as a sheep or goal).
p sc dadah (or see dad), A beast of prey. A monk. An
insect. A noxious reptile.
rye dar, In, into, within. On, upon, above. Of concerning,
about. By, for. Because of Near, hard by. To, as far as,
8 _y>
according to. Before, in presence of Against. With. Under,
At length. After. So much. out, out of doors, l dar
an ja, There, in that place. Jel J. dar amadan, To come
in, enter. 52) J J dar an rz, Upon that day, e. JA
dar in miyn, In the mean time, during this interval. 35 ya
dar tarakki, On the increase. ) as-J dar khatt raft (or
** as- J dar khatt shud), He is distressed, afflicted, altered
with grief. J G-eye dar dast shudan, To come to blows.
*** * dar dayam, In the second place. Dar, A door, gate,
passage, door-way or gate-way. A chapter (of the Zand). Way,
manner, method. Turn, step, degree. A kind of bird. Agnat.
A blackberry. A valley. The foot, also summit, of a mountain.
kardan, To shut the door. Jjje dar zadan, To knock at the
gate. &\,e daru'l khilfat, (The gate of the Khalif.) The
imperial palace of the Khalfs, built at Baghdd by Almami,
the second Khalf of the house of Abbas, and enlarged and en
riched to an incredible degree of magnificence by his successors;
all the furniture and walls being splendidly and profusely deco
rated with gold, silver, and jewels; but that which commanded
the highest veneration, was a piece of the famous black stone of
the temple of Mecca, mortised into the threshold of the principal
gate, and a large curtain made of the hangings of that temple,
suspended from a window over the door-way, to about the height
of a man from the ground. This gate no person of whatever
rank was permitted to enter, till he had rubbed his eyes with the
tapestry and kissed the stone; after which he was obliged to
crawl over it (though raised pretty high above the ground) on
his hands and knees, it being considered as the highest degree
of impiety to touch it with the feet. Four hundred eunuchs
served in the inner apartments, and four thousand other officers
were maintained and lodged in the palace, having horses in the
royal stables, rich dresses, and every thing suitable to the dignity
and splendor of the greatest monarch then in the world. Tear
thou. (in comp.) Tearing. Dur, A pearl. e-f 29 dur-i
smn, The milky way. Darr, Abramble. The flower of the
box-thorn. Dirr, A net of silk or of linen. A garland.
A ye darr (from je darra), Emitting milk copiously (a camel),
or rain (the sky). Flowing plentifully in rays (as milk from the
dug, rain, or urine). A benefit, a large present, a good action,
A work, an art. Milk. x, all li'llah darruhu, How highly
voured is he of God! God has abundantly blessed him. Dur",
A pearl. Pearls. P Ls- J durr-i kh'ush-b, A pearlof
Je's ye durr-i shahwr, A fine large royal
a bright water.
pearl. t Je durr-i mulk, A woman. U 29 dur
n suftah, A virgin-pearl, i.e. not perforated. An unblemished
maid. L3 J durr-i yakta (or ** yatzm), A rare inestimable
pearl. A Jak-eye durr-i mufassal, Separate pearls, i.e. the ga.
mut, or scale of musical notes, as follows:
 \,5 6 9 V2
J - J g la mi re A la mi re extend, prolong. ejje Jey Ardeshir-i darz-dast, Arde
^ - be fa pe mi B fa be mi shir with long hands (Artaxerxes Longimanus, king of Persia).
9 J & je so fa do C sol fa ut & Tye darz-hang, Tedious winding up of business.
J L J - dal le so re D la sol re rel jye darz bid, May it long continue!
^ J 3. he la mi E la mi e;-j- darz-khn, A table-cloth, a napkin.
P

* - 2 waw fa do F fa ut P <--ej99 darz-dast, Long-handed; rapacious, oppressive,

9 y J J ze so re do G sol
A je dar-a (from y), Driving away. Sweeping all before
it (a torrent). Inclination, bias. Crookedness, curvature, pro
tuberance. Tumult, disturbance. Impulse. Dur-a, Impulse,
impetuosity. Dur-an, From far.
Pye dar, Enter thou. A bell. Pendent. Necessary. Dir,
Error. Darra, A blackberry. Enter thou.
*A ye dar (for 5, daraya), (fut. 5,3 yadri) He knew.
A ye darra, (A camel) abounding in milk.
A ye dir-a, (111 of 99) Resisting, repelling. Being hum
ble, civil, and complaisant (whether from fear, in making apo
logy, or in declining any thing).
A ye dir-a, (111 of sje) Cheating, deceiving. Flattering.
re ut P J.--j- darz-dasti, Oppression, injustice, gripe, extortion,
P c- darz-dum, (Long tail) a dog. An ape. A scorpion.
P Jeye darz-dumbl, An ox. A cow. A buffalo.
rej99 Darz-rud, Name of a river in Turkistan.
Pyr--: j99 darz-shamshir, An expert swordsman.
P 23 ye darz-kad, Tall, of a high stature.
rjye darz-kr, One who engages in undertakings which
are too great for him. An empty boaster, a braggart.
P Je darz-gsh, The ass and the hare (as long-eared).
P s 399 dirz-ny, Length. Oblong. (CAstellus.)
Pu- je darz-naas, Long-winded, prolix, tedious.
p 999 darzah, Long. A long thread.
p - darz, Length. Je *599 Length of life.

A-j- dirb, (pl. of ~, darb) Entrances to palm-planta P *39- darznah, According to the length, lengthwise.

tions. Large doors. Usages. Places where dates are dried. A J-9 dirs (from U-j), Thrashing, treading out corn.
A &ye durabat, Courage in business or in war. J) Studwing. g lessons.
Taking Teaching
g to read.
( III of Jy) ying
a c- durabij, Pompous, walking proudly. A 3-ye dirsat (from U-ye), Studying under. Teaching.
P c- darbazun, A fence, a parapet of paling or lattice. P J-y darstdan, To begin, to attack. (CASTELLUs.)
Au-99 durabis, Thick, strong (camel). P 6-99 darsaj, Ivy, bindweed.
Pej j -"je dar at fur shudan, To be annihilated. A&eye durrtat, (pl. Jy darti) An upper garment for
A *!)- darbinat, (pl. ofejedarbn) Porters, door-keepers. men or women,2 of cotton. A soldier's cloak,2 a cuirass,2 a corslet.

A 393 dar-at and dir-at (from ye), Repelling, driving off. P Lve darghosh, An embrace. Rubbish, sweepings.
A eye durrt, (pl. of Sye durrat) Pearls. P Jy dar utadan, To fall in or upon. To quarrel.
A zy- darrj, A whisperer, who malignantly reports what he P J-399 durr-afshn, Scattering pearls, i. e. eloquent.

hears. A hedge-hog. Durraj, A woodcock or snipe. A Lye durais, Large and corpulent.
A 3-ye darrajat, A three-legged machine moving on wheels, A dye dirk, (pl. of & je darakat and darkat) Shields of
by which children are taught to walk. An engine of war, under solid leather. Darrak, Treacle. Wine.
cover of which soldiers approach a town, a wheeling hovel. P Jy darakan, (durrkin also Jy durrki), A species

A 4-ye durrjah, A long upper garment or cloak, worn in of delicious white peach. The Persian nut.
Persia when they go abroad. A ve dirak, (111 of 99) Following one another. Over
A c- daradih, (pl. of -eye) Women as broad as long.
taking, seizing. Comprehending, understanding. Darki, Take
Ajeye dardir, (pl. of jeje durdur) The jaw-bones. thou. Darrak, Intelligent, penetrating, comprehending justly.
A Jeye dardik, (pl. of Je dardak) Young camels. Cer c",<!" r-,-\,- Jc &akl-i darrk-i salimul idrk, A pe
tain wine-measures. netrating genius, and an excellent understanding.
Pjye darrdz, Experienced, skilful, ingenious, witty. A & Sye darrakat, The understanding.

Aye durrar, (pl. of Me drr) (Camels) giving much milk. A eye darrm, One who goes with a short step. An ungrace

A ye darrarat, A woman's spindle. ful walker. A hedge-hog.

psye darrah, A contented cuckold, a pimp. (BURHAN.) A -ye darramat, A hare. (A woman) short in stature.
A gve durmij, Fraudulent. Walking haughtily.
A darry, (pl. of 599 dirriy) Bright sparkling stars.

A <ye duramih, Wain-glorious. a-

A sJye darrt, (pl. of -ye durrgat) Cotton garments.
-

p fJ dar amad, Entrance. ~12 'clje dar amad bar

rye darz, Long. 39 3.29 duro darz, Far and long, at
large, diffusedly. Jj99 darz kardan, To lengthen. To amad, Ingress and egress. Receipt and disbursement.
43 extend, to prolong. To delay. v Sye darz kashidan, To
P eJ dar amadan, To come in, to enter. To happen,
4 P 2
 <-22 660 Q-22
to arrive. To fall on the face. ex" Jj dar dil amadan, where dates are dried in the sun. A large gate. Custom. Vice,
To come into one's heart, to occur. corruption. Darab (from ~99), Being accustomed, exercised.
A ey- darn, A fox. Dirn, (pl. of eye darin) Dirty and A defile leading into Greece. Durubb, Name of a yellow fish.
worn out (clothes). Pe darb, Attentively engaged. Necessary.
P Jje dar anayidan, To cause to hold. A \,e dirb-a (from Jo q), Throwing (any one).
p Jjye dar ambar kardan, To lay up in a magazine. P ejs-99 dar bkhtan, To play. To buy and sell.
A &ye daranat, A species of plant. rjye darbr, A house, a dwelling. A court, an area. The
A duranij, Fraudulent. Walking haughtily. court or levee of a prince, the audience-chamber.
P \e dar an ja, In that place. rje dar barah, In behalf, respecting.
P & Tye dar anchah, In that which. p 599 e darbri, Once, at one time, or turn. A courtier.
P c-l\Je dar andkhtan, To throw in. A L-999 dirbas, A lion. A biting dog.
P 's je dar andz, Malice, enmity. r Je darbsh, Having a frightful or malignantlook. Take
r 399 Darnak, Name of a sea. care of the fascination of his eyes. Make haste. A stick. Dur
re <!-- dar angusht awardan, To reckon. bash (for JJ dur bash), Get you gone! off! away. A
P 39 Durrn, Name of a tribe of Pat'hns, inhabiting the constable's staff. A dagger. A fence of spears for protecting
country about Kandahr. They are said to have got this name the king's persoff in battle. A walking-stick. A sigh. Alas!
from wearing pearls in the ear. They are also called Abdls. Puj, JJ dar baki shudan, To be complete, to leave no
P e-y- diranidan, To cause to tear. residue. c J J darbk kardan, To complete. Toleave.
A <<! darnik, (pl. of $9- durnuk) Fringed rugs. P e.9 dar-bn, A porter, a janitor. Jy dar-bn-i
* Le darw, A runner. Contrariety, repugnance. jalak, The porter of the firmament, i. e. the sun.
ey- dar awardan, To introduce, to bring in. J3 2
P A 3.3%ye darbnyat, Small high-backed beeves.
e barg dar awardan, To bud, to bring forth leaves. P * je dar bay, Suitableness, propriety, necessity.
P c- dar avkhtan, To suspend, hang. To provoke,
P *je dar bayad, Requisite.
or be provoked. To contend (in words, blows, or any manner).
* --by- dar bayast, Suitableness, propriety. Pendulous,
A ye darhis, Dangers. Misfortunes. Durhis, Very inverted.Dar byist, It behoveth, it is meet. Mode, manner.
fleshy, ->Strong, firm.
re-"Je dar bayistan, To be meet, fit, right, proper.
- 1 -
A &je durbat (from ~99), Being accustomed, used to. Cus
. : : *:::::::::
- - - - - - -

tom. Intrepidity (in war or business). Skill. The bunch of a

ry r. r 2J - . - species of bull. Darabat (from Q-99), Being accustomed, ex
P s' J dar w; coming IIl. Entering. commencing a dis- ercised to. Daribat, (A falcon) trained to hunt.
course. The beginning or exordium of an oration. A large A darbajat (from t 9), Becoming soft (that which

bell; also a small bell (for horses). A runner, a messenger, who was hard). Going slowly from love to her colt (a camel).
travels in the night-time with bells at his girdle to frighten away A&- darbahat (from c- 9), Running rapidly by from
wild beasts or robbers. A blacksmith's hammer. Generation.
Contradiction, repugnance. (for ye dara), Darius. Duray, fear. Bending the back, stooping, submitting.
A &ye darbakhat (from & q), Stooping, crouching, and
An iron instrument used by blacksmiths. A winble, gimlet, auger.
bennetting (a pigeon).
peje daryndan, To cause to hold. by door. A
A$99 diryat (from 52), Knowing. Deceiving, decoying, p_4_3 dar badar, From door to door. t -

ensnaring (wild beasts). Lurking (as a hunter for that purpose).

-- -- -
beggar, a vagrant, having no
- -
fixed :- -
t J acent.
Undertaking any troublesome business. Knowledge, science. * dar bar, Above. on, orin the breaSt.

Quality, property, manner, habit, constitution, temperament, r_2, ye dar barbar, Equivalent in. to insert. L
Pej je dar burdan, To bring or carry in, to * Ww
disposition. Boldness. &992 Jc Judgment and science. eye, je -5-ye To insert, to place one thing on another.
P Ly daryish, The act of making an impression.

P s- dar ayandah, Entering. Talking, calling aloud. r cje darbasin, A parapet of lattice-work.
P y- dar-7, Silk, taffety, armosine. Contradiction. 35 j
A J Darbask, Name of a fortress near Antioch.
39 harzah-dar-7, Chattering, idle talk. (HUNTER.)
P e-L- darydan, To hold.
Pe-je dar bastan, To tie, to bind.
To speak, to call aloud. P 4-ye dar bastah, Bound, tied, fastened. A bar, a bolt.
p -j- darb or darab, A large brazen drum. A &ay- darbasat (from Laye 9), Keepingsilence through
A -, darb, A difficult pass through mountains. A narrow A & J darbalat, A kind of pace or march. A sort of drum
street or road. The entrance to a palm-plantation. A place | The beat of a drum.
 **
*: .
* r xe dar-band, The bar of a door. A barrier. A narrow
and difficult pass through mountains. A dangerous road on ac
:
count of banditti. Name of a fortress on the Caspian Sea at
the foot of Mount Caucasus. (See -) ~' babu'l abwb). An
arm of the sea. A citadel. A girdle. Care, concern about
ones affairs. Bound
661
**
per, or any thing pliable upon which they write. A volume.
P J zy darj kardan, To fold. To pass by. To collect, to
comprehend, to contain, to preserve. A Durj, A little casket in
which they deposit gems of gold. An open case for a woman's
spindle. P & zzy durj-i tang, The mouth of a mistress.