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R CO COOH
unde: R = rest alifatic sau aromatic
Acidul glioxilic
C
H
COOH
O CH COOH + 2 HCl
Reactivitate
2 O CH COOH
1) HO2) H+
Acid oxalic
Acizi -cetonici
CO
COOH
Preparare
- din cloruri acide
CH3 COCl
AgCN
CH3 CO CN
H2O
CH3 CO COOH
Acid piruvic
C6H5 COCl
AgCN
C6H5 CO CN
H2O
C6H5 CO COOH
Acid fenilglioxilic
- din metilcetone
R CO CH3
HONO
-H2O
R CO CH N OH
- oxidarea -hidroxiacizilor
R CH COOH
OH
ox.
R CO COOH
Ac2O
-H2O
R CO CN
Acidul piruvic
COOH
H C OH
KHSO4
-H2O
H C OH
COOH
COOH
COOH
C H
CH2
CH3 CO COOH
-CO2
C OH
CO
COOH
COOH
Acid piruvic
Acid mezo-tartric
H
HO
HOOC
C C
COOH
H
+
H
HO
HOOC
OH2
C C
H
COOH
+
OH2
CH3 COOH + CO
decarbonilare
H2SO4
CH3 CO COOH
Acid piruvic
H
-CO2
CH3 CHO
decarboxilare
CH3MgI
H5C6 C COOR
(-)
O
OH
------
(-)
+ H2O/-R-OH
(-)
iPr
H3C
OH
unde:
CH3
=R
CH3
H5C6 (-)C COOH +
CH3
+ H2O/-R-OH
(-)
OH
H5C6 (+)C COOH
OH
CH3
55%
45%
Schema 1
(-)
R CO CH2 COOH
Descompunere spontana
toC
CH3 CO CH3
CO2
Nomenclatura
- nlocuirea hidrogenului cu restul acil, utilizat ca prefix
Ester acetilacetic
Ester benzoilacetic
R''
R''
CH2 COOR
RONa
-ROH
componenta
metilenica
Exemple
Condensare de esteri
CH3 COOR
C6H5 COOR
ROOC COOR
CH3 COOR
RONa
-ROH
CH3 COOR
CH3 COOR
RONa
-ROH
RONa
-ROH
COOR
CH2 CH2 C
CH2 CH2
COOR
O
RONa
OR
CH2
-ROH
COOR
COOR
O
C
CH2 OR
CH2 +
ROOC
RO
C
O
COOR
CH2
RO
CH2
- 2 R OH
ROOC
O
COOR
COOR
O
C
OR
+
C
O
CH2
CH2
RO
CH2
OR
COOR
2 R OH
COOR
COOR
COOR
+
RO
CH3 COOR
COOR
COOR +
2 R OH
RO
- R OH
RO
- R OH
RO
- R OH
O CH CH COOR
Na
RO-Na+
- R OH
Na
O CH CH CO CH3
Stabile numai
ca sare de sodiu
Formilacetona sodata
O CH CH2 COOR
O CH CH2 CO CH3
Ester formilacetic
Formilacetona
ROOC
OHC
COOR
CH2
COOR
CH2
OHC
CH2
OHC
-3H2O
COOR
COOR
H3COC
ROOC
OHC
CH2
CH2
OHC
CH2
OHC
COCH3
COCH3
H3COC
COCH3
-3H2O
COCH3
Triacetilbenzen
CH2 COOR
R'
RO-Na+
CH2 COOR
-R
CH2
OH
R'
R'
CO CH COOR
R'
Ester -cetonic
RO Na
+ CH2
.._
COOR
-R OH
R'
CH C O
CH
C O Na
R'
R'
OR
OR
O Na
.. Na
CH COOR
CH2 C
R'
R'
CH2 C O
R'
OR
CH COOR
OR R'
O
CH2 C
R'
Na
CH COOR
OR R'
CH2 C
CH COOR + RO-Na+
R'
R'
CH2 C
CH COOR + RO-Na+
R'
R'
-R OH
.. Na
CH2 C
C COOR
R'
R'
Prin acidulare cu acid acetic esterul -cetonic sodat trece n esterul liber:
O
CH2 C
.. Na
C COOR
R'
R'
O
CH3COOH
-CH3COONa
CH2 C
CH COOR
R'
R'
Ester -cetonic
Industrial
H2C
C
H2C
H2C
O
C
CH2
C2H5OH
O C O
dicetena
H3C
H2
C
OH
CH2 COOR
Ester -cetonic
(forma cetonica)
O
R C
R' C
CH COOR
Ester -cetonic
(forma enolica)
O
CH2 C R
-Dicetona
(forma cetonica)
OH
R C
O
CH C R
-Dicetona
(forma enolica)
Tautomerie ceto-enolica
O
OC2H5
O
CH3 C
OH
CH2 COOR
CH3 C
Ester acetilacetic
(forma cetonica)
Ester acetilacetic
(forma enolica)
92,5%
p.t. = -39oC
cristalizeaza la racire la -78oC
CH COOR
7,5%
lichid
din sare de sodiu in EP la -78oC,
tratare cu HClg,
evaporare la presiune redusa
C
CH3
H
O
C
CH
OR
OH
CH3 C CH2 COOR
+ HCN
CH3 C CH2
CN
1) H 2O/H+
-NH3
2) H 2O/H+
COOR -R-OH+
3) H
-H2O H
COOH
3C
COOH
Acid metilmaleic
- reacia cu NaHSO3:
CH3 C CH2 COOR
NaHSO3
- reacia de reducere:
CH3 C CH2 COOR
O
NaBH4
- reacia cu amoniacul:
+ NH3
CH3 C CH COOR
NH2
- reacia cu hidroxilamina:
-ROH
-H2O
H2N OH
CH3 C CH2
C O
N
OH OR
H3C
N
3-metil-5-izoxazolona
- reacia cu hidrazina:
-H2O
CH3 C CH2
-ROH
C O
N
NH2 OR
H3C
N
3-metil-5-pirazolona
H2N NH
C6H5
-ROH
-H2O
CH3 C CH2
C O
N
NH OR
C6H5
H3C
N
C6H5
1-fenil-3-metil-5-pirazolona
CH2N2
CH3 C CH COOR
-N2
OCH3
RCOCl
CH3 C CH COOR
Py
O COR
2+
RO
Cu
H3C
O O
Cu
O O
CH3
OR
Acetilacetat de cupru
OH
RO Na
RO Na
CH3 C CH COOR
CH3 C CH COOR
O
- reacia cu iodura de metil:
CH3 C CH COOR
O Na
CH3I
-NaI
CH3 C CH COOR
O CH3
-NaCl
CH3 C CH COOR
O CH2 COOR
O
2 CH3 C CH COOR
O Na
I2
-2NaI
CH3 C CH COOR
CH3 C CH COOR
O
-NaCl
CH3 C CH COOR
O CO C6H5
CH3
-H2O
CH3 C
COOR
CO
CH3
HO-NO
CH3 C C COOR
O N OH
H2O
-NH2-OH
CH3 C C COOR
O O
CH3
C CH2
COOR
O
CH3
C CH2
H2O
H+
sau
CH3
HO-
COOH
C CH2
COOH + ROH
-CO2
CH3
C CH3
O
CH3
C CH2
O
COOR
H2O
HOo
tC
2 CH3
COO-K+ + ROH
TEMA DE CAS
Aplicatii in scop preparativ ale reactiilor esterilor - cetonici
CH3
CH
CH3
H3C
C2H5
H3C
CH
CH2
COOH
H3C
CH
CH2
COOH
CH
CH2