Titanium Alloys Piping Welding: Company Technical Standard

eni spa
COMPANY TECHNICAL STANDARD
TITANIUM ALLOYS PIPING WELDING
05703.ENG.MME.STD
Rev.01 - July 2009
Previous identification code

05703.PIP.MEC.FUN
Rev.01 – July 2009
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ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

Documento riservato di proprietà di Eni spa. Esso non sarà mostrato a terzi né utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali è stato inviato.
This document is property of Eni spa. It shall neither be shown to third parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
Eni S.p.A.
Exploration & Production Division
FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATION
TITANIUM ALLOYS PIPING WELDING
05073.PIP.MEC.FUN
Rev. 1
July 2009
1 General Revision Istituto Italiano della Saldatura MECC Motti 07 / 09

0 Issue SP TEIC TEIC 07 / 06
REV. DESCRIPTION COMP: VERIF: APPR: DATE
Il presente documento è RISERVATO ed è di proprietà di ENI E&P. Esso non sarà mostrato a Terzi né sarà utilizzato per scopi diversi da quelli per i quali è stato inviato.
This document is CONFIDENTIAL and the sole property of ENI E&P. It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
Eni S.p.A. 05073.PIP.MEC.FUN
Exploration & Production Division Rev. 1 July 2009
Page 2 of 29
FOREWORD
Rev. 0 14 Sheets
2006 July
Issue
Rev. 1 29 Sheets
2009 July
General Revision
This document has been subject to a general revision:
- Requirements provided in 05875.PIP.MEC.SDS “PIPING WELDING

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS” have been included
- Requirements provided in 15032.PIP.MEC.STD “EDGE
PREPARATION FOR BUTT WELDING” have been included
The above mentioned specifications have been deleted.
An APPENDIX relevant to requirements to be observed in European

context according to Pressure Equipment Directive (97/23/CE) has been
added.
Page 3 of 29
INDEX
1 GENERAL ............................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Scope................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 General considerations ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Definitions........................................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Reference standards.......................................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Abbreviation ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2 WELD PREPARATION ........................................................................................... 8

2.1 Edge preparation............................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Cleaning .............................................................................................................................................. 9
2.3 Fit-up, alignment and spacing .......................................................................................................... 9
3 WELDING .............................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Welding Procedure Qualification.................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Welders qualification ....................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Ambient conditions.......................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 Welding processes and welding machines................................................................................... 14
3.5 Filler metal and shielding gases..................................................................................................... 15
3.6 Preheating and e interpass temperature ....................................................................................... 17
3.7 Root pass .......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.8 Filling passes – Fillet joints ............................................................................................................ 18
3.9 Postheating....................................................................................................................................... 19
3.10 Cleaning after welding..................................................................................................................... 19
4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT........................................................................ 20

4.1 General requirements ...................................................................................................................... 20
5 TESTING AND INSPECTION................................................................................ 20

5.1 Visual inspection.............................................................................................................................. 20
5.2 Other examinations.......................................................................................................................... 20
Page 4 of 29
6 REPAIR WELDING ............................................................................................... 21

6.1 General requirements ...................................................................................................................... 21
7 DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................................... 22
7.1 Qualification certificates ................................................................................................................. 22
7.2 Records and other documents ....................................................................................................... 22
APPENDIX 1 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BUTT WELDS...................................... 24
APPENDIX 2 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS ................... 25
APPENDIX 3 - PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE ADDITIONAL

REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 27
Page 5 of 29
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This specification provides the welding prescriptions for titanium and

titanium alloy piping (P-No 51, 52, ASME Sect. IX), installed within the
battery limits of the plants, to be fabricated in workshop or assembled in
field.
1.2 General considerations
1.2.1 This specification is to be considered as an addition to ANSI / ASME B

31.3 or other required codes, or as a modification thereof in case of
conflict (except for regulations required by law).
1.2.2 In the event of conflict between the various technical documents, the
following order of priority shall apply:
1. any regulations required by law

2. Company drawings and specifications
3. ANSI / ASME B31.1 and B31.3 (or other Code accepted by the
Company)
4. ASME Code Sect. II, V and IX, (or other Code accepted by the
Company)
The edition of the codes and specifications, if not otherwise specified, is

that in force at the date of contract signature.
1.2.3 In the application of the welding specifications and in performance of

weld examinations, the piping class must be considered as indicated on
the relevant isometric drawing, on the line tabulation sheet, or otherwise
specified, according to the document 20367.PIP.MEC.FUN.
As a rule, class 1 covers piping or tube systems in particularly severe
service conditions, classes 2 and 3 cover process piping and other
piping in severe service conditions, class 4 covers normal utilities
(steam excepted) and interconnecting in non-severe service conditions.
1.2.4 On the basis of the prescriptions of the document

06732.PIP.MEC.FUN, a letter may be added to the Piping Project
Specification with the following decoding:
T: post weld heat treatment required for any thickness;
H: hydrogen service;
S: supplementary requirements for “sour” service.
Page 6 of 29
1.2.5 The Contractor may use welding consumables and welding processes
indicated by Company in this specification or, otherwise, he may use
other consumables, processes and WPSs already certified by a
Recognized Third Party, with the prior approval of the Company.
1.3 Definitions
1.3.1 The following terms used in the welding specifications shall be

understood to mean:
• COMPANY: The Company that awards the contract (ENI)

• CONTRACTOR: The Company that has undertaken to perform
the work
• COMPANY’S REPRESENTATIVE: The person entrusted by the
Company with the welding inspection and supervision
• WELDER: A person qualified to carry out welding, using manual,
semiautomatic or automatic process.
1.3.2 For welding terms, the definitions given in ASME Code Sect. IX par.
QW/QB-492 shall apply.
1.4 Reference standards
1.4.1 European regulations

97/23/CE Pressure Equipment Directive (P.E.D.)
1.4.2 Other standards
ASME II Boiler and pressure vessel code: Part C –

Specification for welding rods, electrodes
and filler metals
ASME IX Boiler and pressure vessel code: Welding

and brazing qualifications
ASME B16.5 ed 2003 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B31.3 ed. 2004 Process Piping
ASME B31.4 ed. 2002 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid
Hydrocarbons and other Liquids
ASME B31.8 ed. 2003 Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping
Systems
ASME B46.1 ed. 2002 Texture surface
Page 7 of 29
NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries -

Materials for use in H2S containing
environments in oil and gas production
1.4.3 National laws and regulations

All activities carried out according to this specification shall be
performed observing National laws and regulations in force in the single
Country.
1.4.4 Company Specifications
05892.PIP.MEC.SDS Pipes and piping components

for plants
06732.PIP.MEC.SDS Pipes and piping components
for plants – Piping Project
Specification
20367.PIP.MEC.FUN Piping Classes
20377.PIP.MEC.FUN Piping weld examination –
General requirements
02555.VAR.COR.PRG Internal Corrosion – Fluids
classification and corrosion
parameters definitions
1.5 Abbreviation
SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding

GTAW Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
GMAW Gas Metal Arc Welding
SAW Submerged Arc Welding
FCAW Flux Cored Arc Welding
WPS Welding Procedure Specification
PQR Procedure Qualification Report
DN Nominal Diameter
PWHT Post Weld Heat Treatment
Page 8 of 29
2 WELD PREPARATION
2.1 Edge preparation
2.1.1 The preparation of edges to be welded shall be made by machining or

by grinding.
No other cutting system shall be used without previous approval by the
Company.
2.1.2 Grinding shall be performed with tools dedicated to titanium, without

any contamination due to previous use on carbon steel. Brushes (for
manual and rotating use) shall be made of austenitic stainless steel
wires.
2.1.3 Bevels for manual welding are showed in APPENDIX 1.
2.1.4 Edge preparation for branch connections shall be as indicated in Fig. 2-

3-4 in APPENDIX 2 (or approved by the Company).
2.1.5 Reinforcing pads, when required, shall be of the same material and
thickness as the pipe that is to be reinforced.
Preparation shall be as per Fig. 5 in APPENDIX 2.
2.1.6 Edges tapering (when foreseen in the drawings) shall be carried out by
machining. Small tapering for corrections of small misalignments may
be carried out by grinding.
2.1.7 Inclined branch connections shall not have, in principle, an inclination

angle lower than 60°. Requested inclination higher than 60° shall be
accomplished by a proper combination of 90° branch with curve.
2.1.8 Types of preparation different from the ones stated above shall be
authorized by the Company.
In particular, when a non manual welding process is used for which the
end preparation shown above may not be adequate, then the
Contractor may adopt any other type of end preparation, but he must
demonstrate by means of qualification tests that it is suitable and such
as to produce production welds in line with the requirements of this
specification.
Page 9 of 29
2.2 Cleaning
2.2.1 Just before welding the edges to be welded shall be properly cleaned by
brushing and/or grinding (see 2.1.2) for a strip of 10 mm on the outer and
inner surface of the tube; then edges shall be cleaned by proper solvent
(e.g. acetone) for a strip of at least 40 mm.
2.2.2 Any surface oxidation on the edges shall be removed by chemical with
proper solution (e.g. hydrofluoric acid + nitric acid) to be applied according
to producer instructions. Cleaning by mechanical abrasion followed by
solvent treatment may replace chemical pickling.
2.2.3 Once cleaned, surfaces shall be kept free from fingerprints.
2.2.4 Equipment for fit up shall be adequately cleaned and degreased before
coming in contact with pieces to be welded.
2.2.5 The Contractor shall save a cleaned area for handling of components of
piping systems and filler metals in titanium. In this area only devices
and equipment necessary for carrying out production welding shall be
present.
2.3 Fit-up, alignment and spacing
2.3.1 The pipework shall be installed according to design drawings. If

necessary the Company shall specify instructions for particularly
complex operations.
2.3.2 If necessary temporary supports shall be adopted to avoid the raise of

stresses/deformations due to the weight of pipes during assembling.
2.3.3 Hot or cold adjustment of spools (e.g. by heat straightening) are not
allowed.
2.3.4 In case of use of longitudinally welded pipes, holes, openings,

weldments along the longitudinal welds are not allowed.
2.3.5 During piping assembly the minimum distance between two longitudinal
welds of two adjacent tubes shall be twice the thickness with a
minimum distance of 20 mm.
2.3.6 For DN > 50 mm the maximum offset between the actual supports
distance and the distance foreseen in the design drawing shall not
exceed one diameter.
2.3.7 Fixed and guided supports shall be positioned during piping assembly.
Page 10 of 29
2.3.8 Possible interference between the components, pointed out during

assembly, shall be settled in agreement with the Company.
2.3.9 Component ends (bevels, threads, flanges surfaces, etc.) shall be

covered with proper means (plugs, packages, paint, etc.) during all
transportation, storage and assembling stages. These coverings shall
be removed just before welding of components.
2.3.10 Coupling of welded parts shall be carried out by mechanical couplings

(to avoid any damage of edges) or by manual tack welding, using
GTAW process with external and internal gas protection.
2.3.11 Tack welding for fit up shall be carried out only by qualified welders for
the root pass and shall be performed using the same precautions as for
main welds. Tack welds that shall not be removed but remain part of the
final root pass shall be properly cleaned and accurately inspected to
avoid the presence of cracks. In case of cracks tack welds shall be
removed before welding the root pass.
2.3.12 If tack weld are not removed before welding but remain part of the final
root pass they shall be smoothed to edge surfaces and liquid penetrant
tested before welding. In this case the relevant preliminary tests for
procedure qualification record shall include tack welds in the welded
sample.
2.3.13 Edge misalignments shall be within the limits provided by specification

ENI.20377.PIP.MEC.FUN and shall be, whenever possible, distributed
along the pipe circumference. Tapering of edges, to limit
misalignments, shall be carried out by machining, grinding, filing, in
order to obtain a tapering angle ≤ 30°. Thickness after tapering shall not
be lower than minimum design thickness.
2.3.14 Components to be welded shall be aligned and pre-assembled to a

proper distance, in order to assure full penetration during welding.
Root opening shall be maintained within the interval defined in
APPENDIX 1.
2.3.15 For socket welds a 2 mm spacing between socket bottom and branch
end shall be assured before welding.
2.3.16 Temporary attachments by welding for supports, anchor bolts or clamps

are not allowed,
Page 11 of 29
3 WELDING
The Contractor shall observe all standards and legal prescriptions

concerning health and safety applicable in the job site.
3.1 Welding Procedure Qualification
3.1.1 Welding Procedures shall be qualified according to ASME Sect. IX, or

to other Company agreed equivalent standard prior to commencement
of manufacturing.
All procedure qualification tests (according to ASME Sect. IX Par. QW-

202 or according to any other standard accepted by the Company) shall
be supervised and certified by a Recognized Third Party. This applies
even to qualification tests carried out in site unless a different
procedure has been agreed with the Company.
3.1.2 For each welding procedure the Contractor shall prepare a Welding
Procedure Specification (WPS) with the indication of all essential
variables, as requested by ASME Sect. IX (par. QW-200.1), or by other
Company agreed equivalent standard prior to commencement of
manufacturing.
Particularly, trade mark of electrodes, purity grade and composition of

shielding gases shall be indicated.
3.1.3 Qualification tests shall be performed with electrodes, wires, fluxes

approved by the Company as stated in 3.5.
3.1.4 The Company’s Representative reserves the right to attend all tests.
Therefore the Contractor shall inform the Company’s Representative
concerning the scheduled dates for tests in proper advance.
3.1.5 Qualification tests shall include bending test on the inner and outer
side, to evaluate welding ductility, weld metal and heat affected zones.
Welding shall be considered acceptable if, after guided bending in 4T

radius mandrel, where T is the thickness of the specimen for bend test
(5T for Titanium Grade 2), the bent specimen doesn’t show any crack.
3.1.6 Should the piping system be in “sour-S” service (v. par. 1.1.4),
procedure qualification tests shall include hardness tests according to
standard NACE MR-0175/ISO 15156. Hardness values in the HAZ and
in Weld Metal shall be < 250 HV10.
3.1.7 In case of modifications to the following essential variables a new

welding procedure shall be required:
Page 12 of 29
- Change in material grade;

- Any change of root opening;
- Changes greater than 10% in current, voltage, or welding
speed;
- Changes in heat input greater than ± 15% respect to value
registered in PQR.
3.1.8 The following supplementary essential variables shall be also

considered:
- For thicknesses above 6 mm the thickness of the qualification
sample shall represent the maximum qualified thickness;
- The change from mechanical coupling (clamping) to tack
welds;
- A variation greater than ± 10% of the protection gases flow
rate.
3.2 Welders qualification
3.2.1 All welders shall be qualified, prior the commencement of

manufacturing, in according to the requirements of ASME, Sect. IX, or
to other Company agreed equivalent standard. In case qualification
tests are carried out in site, the Contractor shall inform the Company’s
Representative concerning the scheduled dates for tests in proper
advance.
3.2.2 After the completion of qualification tests and handling over the
documentation to the Company’s Representative, an identification code
(numbers and/or letters) shall be assigned to each welder. This code
shall appear in a proper stamp to be included in each single welder’s
equipment. Numbers/letters shall not be higher than 4 mm and the
code shall not be decomposable.
3.2.3 If required by the Company’s Representative the stamp of each welder

shall be clearly represented to properly identify the welder without
asking his ID card.
3.2.4 The Contractor shall submit to the Company all welder’s qualification
certificates (WPQR) and shall demonstrate that each welder employed
in construction has a proper experience in welding titanium and titanium
alloys, and that each welder has been adequately trained receiving
instructions about all precautions (concerning cleaning, handling, gas
protection) to be adopted before and during welding operations.
3.2.5 The Company’s Representative is authorized to reject a welder whose

work is demonstrated to be of poor quality and not satisfactory.
Page 13 of 29
3.3 Ambient conditions
3.3.1 In case of rain, snow, wind (and above all in presence of sand) the
Contractor shall adopt proper shielding devices for the welder and for
parts to be welded, in order to assure the work is performed correctly. If
these corrective action couldn’t be adopted welding operation are not
allowed.
3.3.2 If welding edges are wet or covered by snow or hoar-frost welding shall
be performed only after they have been dried (see par. 3.6.2). Flame or
another proper heat source can be used.
3.3.3 In case of low ambient temperature a preheat can be required (see par.
3.6.). Preheat shall be accomplished also in case of temporary and tack
welds.
3.3.4 For outdoor welding operations, a proper protection against air stream
and wind shall be adopted.
Page 14 of 29
3.4 Welding processes and welding machines
3.4.1 Applicable welding processes are listed here below, adopting AWS
definitions:
GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)
3.4.2 Generally vertical downwards welding technique is not recommended

for horizontal axis position (5G position according to ASME IX).
Derogations should be allowed by the Company when vertical
downwards welding technique does not impair weldments quality.
3.4.3 The use of permanent support rings for the root pass is not allowed
without a previous authorization from the Company.
3.4.4 The use of high frequency arc ignition devices is recommended and
also the use of “gas Lens” devices to assure an adequate protection of
the welding pool.
3.4.5 Polarity shall be the same indicated in the applicable WPS.
3.4.6 Tungsten electrode shall be type EWTh-2.
3.4.7 Welding procedures and filler metals not conforming to this and other
Company specifications shall not be used without a written
authorization by the Company.
Page 15 of 29
3.5 Filler metal and shielding gases
3.5.1 Electrodes, wires and fluxes shall be those indicated in the welding
Procedure Specifications (WPS) and shall be trade and type approved
by the Company.
3.5.2 If not differently specified the Contractor shall provide chemical analysis
and mechanical test certificates for deposited weld metal (according to
AWS or other accepted standard), for each lot of wires/electrodes.
The above certificates shall be at Company’s Representative’s
disposal.
3.5.3 All packages for filler materials shall be marked by the producer/vendor
with the same reference number indicated in the certificates of chemical
analysis and mechanical tests according to par. 3.5.2.
3.5.4 Welding rods shall be perfectly dried at the time of use; for this aim they
shall be adequately stored. Materials shall be protected against dust
and other contaminants (e.g. by plastic foils) and shall be handled using
cleaned gloves.
3.5.5 In case of welding with filler metal the tip of the rod shall be kept under
the shielding gas flow; should the tip of the rod be contaminated it shall
be cut before the course of welding.
3.5.6 Rod contaminated by oil, grease or paint shall be discarded.
3.5.7 Shielding gases shall have a nominal composition and a purity grade
conforming to the requirement of the qualified WPS prepared by the
Contractor and handed over to the Company’s Representative as
specified in par. 3.1.
3.5.8 Argon or argon-helium mixtures shall be used both as torch gas and as
trailing gas to further protect the parts of metals during cooling, after the
torch has passed. Trailing gas protection shall be adopted using proper
devices (perforated boxes).
3.5.9 In any case gas purity shall be ≥ 99.99% and its dew point shall be ≤
50°C. The Company’s Representative is authorized to check chemical
analysis of used gases during fabrication.
3.5.10 A check for gas purity may be carried out by welding on a small sample.
The sample shall be submitted to bend test (see par. 3.1.5) and no
cracks shall be detected.
3.5.11 The inner part (back) of the tube shall be protected by inert gas before
and during welding to prevent oxidation of root and subsequent passes,
as established during qualification tests. Torch gas and backing gas
Page 16 of 29
shall be kept after completion of welding, until welded parts have been
cooled down to a temperature below 500°C.
3.5.12 Oxygen content in the torch, trailing and backing gases shall not exceed
20 ppm.
3.5.13 Consumables classified according to applicable standard AWS/ASME

are allowed. For information in the following table designations of rods
for welding of the most common titanium and titanium alloys are
showed:
Base Nominal composition

SFA/AWS
Welding process metal &
5.16
P No. UNS Designation
Pure Ti
ERTi-1 51
R50100
Pure Ti
ERTi-2 (1) 51
R50120
GTAW
Pure Ti
ERTi-3 52
R50125
Ti-Pd
ERTi-7 51
R52401
(1) filler metal classified ERTi-2 is mostly adopted for welding titanium since offers the best
settlement between mechanical properties (strength, ductility), weldability and corrosion
resistance.
Page 17 of 29
3.6 Preheating and e interpass temperature
3.6.1 When the ambient air temperature is below +5 °C, the weld area shall
be preheated to a minimum of 50 °C.
3.6.2 Drying of edges shall be performed by heating torches, at a maximum

temperature of 120°C. After heating a solvent cleaning shall be
performed.
3.6.3 Maximum temperature between passes (interpass temperature) shall

be as indicate in the WPS and, in any case, not higher than 150°C.
3.6.4 Interpass temperature shall be controlled by thermocouples or crayons

anytime welding operations are interrupted.
3.7 Root pass
3.7.1 Root pass of full penetration butt and branch connection welds shall
provide a full and regular penetration.
Root reinforcement shall not exceed 3 mm, neither locally.
3.7.2 All precautions shall be adopted to avoid root undercuts, concavities

and poor restart. Each crater defect or irregularity which could prevent a
proper restart shall be removed. Each restart shall be performed with a
slight overlapping to assure a proper penetration. Each excess of metal
on the single pass shall be removed by grinding.
3.7.3 When welding has been started particular attention shall be paid to
prevent shocks, vibrations, displacements, stresses which could
jeopardise final result, until the welded joint is completed.
3.7.4 Arc shall be ignited inside the bevel or upon a special plate.
3.7.5 The arc shall be extinguished on the edge, keeping the weld pool under
shielding gas protection until solidification is completed.
3.7.6 It is not allowed to interrupt welding and to leave the joint cool down
before root pass is accomplished.
3.7.7 At the completion of root pass any defects or irregularity shall be

grinded.
3.7.8 At the completion of root pass a liquid penetrant check is

recommended.
3.7.9 Crater defects shall be removed by grinding (see par. 2.1.2).
Page 18 of 29
3.7.10 Welder charged only for the root pass of butt joints shall affix his own
stamp in two opposite positions on the tube, nearby the joint, before
starting welding (unless another method is requested by the Company’s
Representative).
3.7.11 In case of joints welded from both sides (back welding procedures),
before back welding, grinding or gouging shall be carried out up to
sound metal.
3.8 Filling passes – Fillet joints
3.8.1 Butt weld filling and all other types of joints shall be carried out by the
same weld process and the same method of gas protection adopted for
the root pass.
3.8.2 Gas protection inside the tube (backing) shall be kept until the
completion of the joint.
3.8.3 Particular attention shall be paid to crater defects. They shall be

removed by grinding (see par. 2.1.2).
3.8.4 Welding in the vertical downwards position for filling passes shall only
be permitted with the prior approval of the Company.
3.8.5 The filling of joint shall normally be carried out immediately after
completion of the root pass.
Exceptions may be allowed only provided that the welds are not
restrained, the welded parts are not piled up or knocked.
3.8.6 The arc shall not be started striking on the pipe wall, outside the bevel
(a suitable plate may be used for this purpose)
3.8.7 On completion of each pass, any slag shall be carefully removed and
any defects or irregularities on the bead shall be ground off, to avoid
alteration of subsequent passes.
3.8.8 The width of the weld face shall cover completely the groove of the
joint. On fillet welds, the weld profile shall be regular, at about 45°.
3.8.9 Filing or smoothing of the weld is allowed provided that no sharp cuts
are produced.
3.8.10 For socket welds and for slip-on flanges (allowed for DN <1” ½) at least
two passes shall be carried out.
Page 19 of 29
3.8.11 For each weld the welder symbol shall be provided, except for fillet
joints. For this purpose, on completion of the weld, the welder shall
level by grinding two small zones on the weld face in a diametrically
opposite position, where he will stamp his identification symbol (unless
a different identification system is provided in the welding specification
relevant to the material, or is required by the Company’s
Representative). If the welder performs only the filling passes, such
zones shall be close to the ones stamped by the welder who performed
the root pass).
3.8.12 Butt welds without welder symbol, or with the symbol not clear, shall be
cut.
3.8.13 It is not allowed performing any weld on pipes or tubes containing water
or other liquid or gas, without Company’s Representative's
authorization.
3.9 Postheating
Postheating is not required.
3.10 Cleaning after welding
3.10.1 After welding operations have been completed external surface of the
joints shall appear free of any residual oxide, slag, spatters, arc strikes,
and any other surface contaminant.
Surface oxidation evaluation (hence, indirectly, of the weld quality) shall
be performed as follows:
- Bright silver: good weld – no oxidation;
- Light yellow/light blue: surface oxidation to be removed by
stainless steel brushing – acceptable weld;
- Dark blue/blue-gray: metal contamination – welds shall be
removed and rewelded after adjusting inert gas protection
systems;
- Gray-white (detaching deposits) metal contamination – welds
shall be removed and rewelded after adjusting inert gas
protection systems.
Page 20 of 29
4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 No PWHT are required.
5 TESTING AND INSPECTION
5.1 Visual inspection
5.1.1 During the execution of the work, inspection shall be carried out by the
Contractor, as well as by the Company’s Representative, in order to
ensure the compliance with the codes and specifications.
This inspection shall concern the availability and the efficiency of the
equipment used for edge preparation, fit-up, pre-heating, welding, heat-
treatment and, moreover, the correct performance of the above said
operations.
5.1.2 Before presenting each line of piping system for testing, the Contractor
shall carry out a visual examination on the welds, in order to ensure the
compliance with this specification (see also 20377.PIP.MEC.FUN) and
the provisions of ANSI / ASME B 31.3 code (or other Code accepted by
Company).
5.1.3 The Company’s Representative shall have free access to all the places
where the work is carried out and where the documentation, the
materials and the equipment connected with the work are stored.
5.1.4 The Company’s Representative shall have the right to reject personnel
that, during the progress of the work, shows that he/she is working with
an unsatisfactory quality standard.
5.2 Other examinations
5.2.1 The examinations to be performed on the welds are set out in the
specification 20377.PIP.MEC.FUN, which provides the provisions for
the execution of the examination and the acceptance criteria of the
defects, according to the class of the piping.
5.2.2 Radiographic and ultrasonic examination
Radiographic and ultrasonic examination shall be carried out according

to the provisions of specification 20377.PIP.MEC.
Page 21 of 29
5.2.3 Liquid penetrant examination
Liquid penetrant examination shall be carried out according to the

provisions of specification 20377.PIP.MEC.FUN.
5.2.4 Hardness tests
As defined in specification 02555.VAR.COR.PRG, in case of “sour

service” (letter S added to the Piping Project Specification designation),
after welding hardness tests shall be carried out according to the
provision of specification 20377.PIP.MEC.FUN.
Hardness tests shall be performed on 5% of welded joints.
Hardness values > 240 HB are not allowed unless more restrictive
values are prescribed.
6 REPAIR WELDING
6.1 General requirements

6.1.1 Considering that thickness of components in titanium and titanium
alloys is generally not heavy, repairing is neither convenient nor
advisable. In case of not acceptable defects according to specification
20377.PIP.MEC.FUN, relevant joints shall be cut and rewelded.
Page 22 of 29
7 DOCUMENTATION
7.1 Qualification certificates
7.1.1 Welding procedure qualification records and welders performance

qualification certificates shall be issued according to the provisions of
ASME Code Sec. IX, or other code approved by Company.
They shall be written in English, except where otherwise specified.
7.1.2 The Contractor shall send to the Company’s Representative a copy of

the welding procedure qualification certificates, with proper advance,
before the beginning of the welding operations.
The originals of welding procedure qualification certificates shall be at
disposal of the Company’s Representative.
7.1.3 The Contractor shall send to the Company’s Representative a copy of

the welders performance qualification certificates, with proper advance,
before the beginning of the welding operations.
The originals of welders performance qualification certificates shall be
at disposal of the Company’s Representative.
7.2 Records and other documents
7.2.1 For each non-destructive examination or post weld heat treatment

performed the Contractor shall prepare the relevant record, in three
copies, with the applicable acceptance / rejection evaluation.
The Company’s Representative shall have the right to review and reject
examination records which do not meet the reference code
requirements
After the records have been completed with the Company’s
Representative's signature, one copy of them will be returned to the
Contractor.
7.2.2 The Contractor shall prepare and deliver to the Company’s

Representative the drawings necessary to identify the location of the
welds on which radiographic examinations or post weld heat treatments
have been carried out. These drawings shall be signed by the
Contractor.
7.2.3 The Contractor shall keep an updated list of the welds, the radiographs
and the repairs made by each welder. The list shall be at the disposal
of the Company’s Representative.
7.2.4 After all the welds belonging to a particular piping system have been
completed, post weld heat treated (when required) has been
performed, and the Company’s Representative has returned to the
Contractor copy of the relevant records with his approval, the
Page 23 of 29
Contractor shall prepare, in three copies, a form to certify that the

above piping system is ready for the hydraulic pressure test. This report
is not required for shop works.
7.2.5 During progress of the work, unless otherwise specified, the

radiographic films and the heat treatment charts, the relevant reference
drawings and the originals of all the records, shall be filed by the
Contractor in rooms deemed suitable by the Company, and shall be
property of the Company after completion of the works.
Page 24 of 29
APPENDIX 1 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BUTT WELDS
≤ 2.5
≤1
FIG. A
>2.5 70÷80° >2.5
1÷2
≤2
FIG. B
NOMINAL THICKNESS
EDGE PREPARATION
- S [mm] -
S ≤ 2.5 Square edges without filler metal (Fig. A)
S > 2.5 Simple V edges (Fig. B)
DIMENSIONS: according to ANSI B 16.25 and as here indicated

TOLLERANCES: according to ANSI B 16.25
NOTES FOR THE CONTRACTOR:
1) Edges preparation for butt joints is applicable to all types of material.
2) For whatever not specifically mentioned in this standard, the requirements of ANSI B
16.25 shall govern.
3) Edge preparations different from those indicated may be used, with the prior approval
of the Client.
Page 25 of 29
APPENDIX 2 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS
Page 26 of 29
Page 27 of 29
APPENDIX 3 - PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE ADDITIONAL

REQUIREMENTS
A3.1 Field of application
This APPENDIX lists several additional requirements applicable for

plants to be installed in E.U. Countries which have acknowledged
European Pressure Equipment Directive PED 97/23/CE.
The requirements of this specification, in PED context, extend not only
to welding and NDT for construction and erection but also for repairing
and modification of piping systems.
Responsibilities and General Requirements for PED application are
included in Specification 05892.PIP.MEC.SDS -APPENDIX 1
A3.2 Definition
Manufacturer: the subject responsible for the supply of a

new piping system or for the modification of
an existing piping system and for the
relevant Declaration of Conformity to PED
Directive
Mechanical Supplier: the subject who carries out pre-fabrication
and field assembly of the piping system, on
behalf of the Manufacturer or the Company
Repairing Body: the subject who designs and carries out a
“repairing” (as defined in PED Directive),
consisting in a local replacement or in a
repairing by welding of part of a piping
system, which doesn’t require a new
conformity assessment according to PED,
on behalf of the Manufacturer or the
Company
Producer: the Supplier of base materials (tubes and
fittings), components (pressure device or
pressure safety valves) or filler materials.
Company’s Representative: Company/Body/group of inspectors
charged of the supervision of manufacturing
on behalf of the Company.
Recognized Third Party: (ETR) Agency which accomplishes
procedures as per Annex 1 – p. 3.1.2 and
3.1.3 of Pressure Equipment Directive
Page 28 of 29
A3.3 Materials
Tubes and fittings, identified by a DN, and supplied as base materials,

shall be accompanied by the following certification documents, issued
by the Producer, according to the relevant PED category:
¾ Piping cat. II e III: type 3.1 according to EN 10204:2004 (when

the Producer has a Quality System certified by a Certification
Body competent inside the E.U. and provided of special
acknowledgment for materials). Type 3.2 certificate is also
acceptable.
¾ Piping cat. I or art. 3 par. 3 and attachments to pressure

containing parts: type 2.2 according to EN 10204.
Pressure devices or pressure safety devices supplied according to

PED, being pressure equipments, shall be CE marked and
accompanied by Certification of Conformity.
All low hydrogen filler materials (5 HDM 5ml/100g) shall be supplied with
certification type 3.1 according EN 10204.
All other filler materials and fluxes for SAW shall be supplied with
certification type 2.2 according EN 10204.
On base materials (tubes, fittings, components) identification code

provided by the relevant traceability procedure shall be marked on the
single piece. Identification should be carried out by “low stress”
stamping, by plates fixed to the component and/or by mean of coloured
markers.
The Manufacturer shall include in technical documentation all data

relevant for conformity of materials in one of the following:
a) adopting materials conforming to harmonized standards;
b) adopting materials covered by European Material Approval for
pressure equipment;
c) through a Particular Material Appraisal;
For pressure piping cat. III, Particular Material Appraisal shall be

prepared and approved by Notified Body entrusted of conformity
assessment of the pressure equipment.
Page 29 of 29
A3.4 Welding Procedure Qualification
For pressure piping cat. II and III, all Welding Procedure Qualification
Reports (WPQR) shall be approved by a Notified Body or by a
Recognized Third Party, at Manufacturer’s choice.
Welded joints (weld metal and heat affected zone) shall conform to
impact (27 J at minimum design temperature or lower) and elongation
requirements provided by PED Directive.
A3.5 Welder’s qualification
For pressure piping cat. II e III, all welding personnel shall be approved
by a Notified Body or by a Recognized Third Party, at Manufacturer’s
choice.
A3.6 NDT personnel qualification
For pressure piping cat. III, NDT personnel shall be approved by a

Recognized Third Party.
Relevant points of this Essential Requirements of

Notes
specification 97/23/CE Directive
Welding procedure
Annex 1, p. 3.1.2 Permanent joints
qualification reports, WPQR)
Welders Annex 1, p. 3.1.2 Permanent joints
NDT Personnel Annex 1, p. 3.1.3 Permanent joints

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COMPANY TECHNICAL STANDARD

TITANIUM ALLOYS PIPING WELDING

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ENGINEERING COMPANY STANDARD

TITANIUM ALLOYS PIPING WELDING

1 General Revision Istituto Italiano della Saldatura MECC Motti 07 / 09

This document has been subject to a general revision:

- Requirements provided in 05875.PIP.MEC.SDS “PIPING WELDING

The above mentioned specifications have been deleted.

An APPENDIX relevant to requirements to be observed in European

1.2 General considerations ..................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Reference standards.......................................................................................................................... 6

1.5 Abbreviation ....................................................................................................................................... 7

2 WELD PREPARATION ........................................................................................... 8

2.2 Cleaning .............................................................................................................................................. 9

2.3 Fit-up, alignment and spacing .......................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Welders qualification ....................................................................................................................... 12

3.3 Ambient conditions.......................................................................................................................... 13

3.4 Welding processes and welding machines................................................................................... 14

3.5 Filler metal and shielding gases..................................................................................................... 15

3.6 Preheating and e interpass temperature ....................................................................................... 17

3.7 Root pass .......................................................................................................................................... 17

3.8 Filling passes – Fillet joints ............................................................................................................ 18

3.10 Cleaning after welding..................................................................................................................... 19

4 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT........................................................................ 20

5 TESTING AND INSPECTION................................................................................ 20

5.2 Other examinations.......................................................................................................................... 20

6 REPAIR WELDING ............................................................................................... 21

7.2 Records and other documents ....................................................................................................... 22

APPENDIX 1 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BUTT WELDS...................................... 24

APPENDIX 2 - EDGE PREPARATION FOR BRANCH CONNECTIONS ................... 25

APPENDIX 3 - PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE ADDITIONAL

This specification provides the welding prescriptions for titanium and

1.2 General considerations

1.2.1 This specification is to be considered as an addition to ANSI / ASME B

1. any regulations required by law

The edition of the codes and specifications, if not otherwise specified, is

1.2.3 In the application of the welding specifications and in performance of

1.2.4 On the basis of the prescriptions of the document

1.3.1 The following terms used in the welding specifications shall be

• COMPANY: The Company that awards the contract (ENI)

1.4 Reference standards

1.4.1 European regulations

1.4.2 Other standards

ASME II Boiler and pressure vessel code: Part C –

ASME IX Boiler and pressure vessel code: Welding

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Petroleum and natural gas industries -

1.4.3 National laws and regulations

1.4.4 Company Specifications

05892.PIP.MEC.SDS Pipes and piping components

SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding

2.1 Edge preparation

2.1.1 The preparation of edges to be welded shall be made by machining or

2.1.2 Grinding shall be performed with tools dedicated to titanium, without

2.1.3 Bevels for manual welding are showed in APPENDIX 1.

2.1.4 Edge preparation for branch connections shall be as indicated in Fig. 2-

2.1.7 Inclined branch connections shall not have, in principle, an inclination

2.2.3 Once cleaned, surfaces shall be kept free from fingerprints.

2.3 Fit-up, alignment and spacing

2.3.1 The pipework shall be installed according to design drawings. If

2.3.2 If necessary temporary supports shall be adopted to avoid the raise of

2.3.4 In case of use of longitudinally welded pipes, holes, openings,