COLORANTI

Culoare

Lungime de unda

violet

400-420 nm

indigo

420-440 nm

albastru

440-490 nm

verde

490 570 nm

galben

570 585 nm

orange

585- 620 nm

rosu

620-780 nm

Colorant

= substanta care absoarbe in domeniul vizibil si apare colorata in

culoarea complementara

Energie suficienta pentru a

se excita electroni

Conjugarea micsoreaza diferenta intre

HOMO si LUMO

Beta - carotene

Coloranti
sistem cromofor legaturi duble conjugate, grupa nitrozo (NO)
grupa diazo (N=N-), carbonil (>C=O),
tiocarbonil (>C=S)
- grupe auxocrome

Legea Lambert -Beer

( donoare de electroni, respingatoare de e-)

- inchidere si intensificare a culorii
- NH2, -NH-R, -OH, - OR

Exemple de coloranti naturali

Coloranti azoici
Ar

N N ] X-

pH

+
C Yn

Ar

N N
Yn

Y = OH, pH bazic
Y =NH2, pH = 4-4,5

H+

Galben

( absoarbe indigo-albastru, 425nm)

Rosu

(verde-albastru, 490 nm)

NaO3S

NaO3S

N=N

N=N

SO3Na
Azorubina E122

Amarant E123

HO
NaO3S

SO3Na

HO

OH

NHCOCH 3

OH

N=N

N=N

NaO3S

NaO3S

SO3Na

SO3Na

SO3Na
Ponceau 4R E124

Rosu 2G E128
I

OCH 3 HO
NaO3S

N=N

H3C

NaO

O
I
COONa

SO3Na
Rosu Ac E129

Eritrozina E127

NaO3S

N=N
HO

HO

COONa
N

NaO3S

Galben FCF
(Galben oranj S)
E110

Tartrazina
E102

N=N

SO3Na

SO3Na

(SO3Na)n

O
NH

(D1C1)C2

HO

O
Galben de quinolina (n = 1,2,3)
NaO
N=N
3S
E104

NHCOCH 3

N=N
SO3Na

NaO3S
SO3Na

Negru brilliant BN

CH2OH
HO

D1CD1

NaO3S

N=N

N=N
OH

SO3Na
Brun HT

Rosu congo

Albastru de hidroxinaftol

Janus green B

Colorani cu structur chinoid

O

O
O
p-Benzochinona

o-Benzochinona

O
1,4-Naftochinona

1,2-Naftochinona

NO

NO

amfi-Naftochinona

+ H2N OH

N2

OCH3

9,10-Fenantrenchinona

NOH

NOH

+ CH2N2

O
Antrachinona

- H2O

OH

NOH

O
HO

HO

NO

NO

Tautomerie benzoid-chinoid

Colorani indaminici
H3C
N
H3C

NH2

- 2[H]

H3C
N
H3C

Amina lui Wurster

H3C

chinondiimina

NH +

N
H3C

CH3

H3C

CH3

H3C H

CH3
N

NH
leucoderivat
CH3

N
CH3

H3C
- 2[H]

NH

N
CH3

H3C
Verdele lui Bindschedler

Colorani tiazinici
Albastru-metilen

H3C

CH3
N

H3C

CH3

(CH3)2N

H
SH

N(CH3)2

H2S
NH

2H

-2e

(CH3)2N

SH

N(CH3)2

(CH3)2N

SH

N(CH3)2

H
N

-H

- 2e

(H3C)2N

S
leucoderivat

N(CH3)2

(CH3)2N

S
Albastru metilen

N(CH3)2

Colorani trifenil-metanici bazici

Cristal violet

N(CH3)2

N(CH3)2

(H3C)2N

N(CH3)2
+
COCl2 +

ZnCl2

C=O

N(CH3)2

C OH

POCl3

N(CH3)2
N(CH3)2
N(CH3)2

cetona lui Michler

N(CH3)2

(H3C)2N
C
ox.
HCl

Violet
cristalizat
N(CH3)2] Cl

Cristal violet

Indigotina

Ca2+

SO3Na

E 132

Et
N

Et
N

+
SO3- 2Na

SO3-

O3S

OH
Me2N

CH
OH
Albastru brilliant
FCF
Hidrolul
lui Michler

NMe2

+
HO3S

H2SO4

SO3H
Acid R

E 133
NMe 2

Me 2N
CH
OH
HO3S

SO3H

NMe 2

Me 2N
C

PbO2/HCl
MnO 2/H2SO4

OH

HO3S

SO3

Verde acid brilliant BS

E 142

Colorani trifenil-metanici acizi

Fenolftaleina
OH

HO

ZnCl2

(H2SO4)
- H2O

O
O
Fenolftaleina
(forma lactoida - incolora)

O
-

OH

HO

O
O-

O
C
COO-

C
Fenolftaleina
COO(forma chinoida - rosu-violet)
pH= 8 -12

aO3S

HO

N=N

NaO3S
OH
HO

OH HO

+
SO3Na
O
Azorubina E122
O
HO
O
N=N

NaO3S

SO3Na

HO

OH
Fluoresceina

ZnCl2
0

200 C
- H2O

NaO3S

N=N
O

OH
COOH

Amarant E123 SO3Na

O
OH NHCOCH 3
O
O
HO
N=Nlactoida)
(forma
(forma chinoida)
Fluoresceina
SO3Na
NaO3S

SO3Na
Ponceau 4R E124

Rosu 2G E128
I

OCH 3 HO
NaO3S

N=N

H3C

NaO

O
I
COONa

SO3Na
Rosu Ac E129

Eritrozina E127

Colorani antrachinonici de mordani

Alizarina

Rubia Tinctorum (purpura antic)

OH

OH

OH

OH
OH

OH

COOH

AlCl3

O +

- H2O

H2SO4

OH
OH

OH

OH
OH

2 NaOH

OH

O Histazarina

SO3H

Alizarina

OH

OH

COOH

O
OOH

Al

O
mordant rosu-viu

Al3

aluminiu - rou-viu;
crom - violet-brun;
staniu violet-roie

Colorani antranchinonici de cad

-colorai neionici, insolubili, care au proprietatea de a forma, prin reducere n
mediu alcalin, sruri solubile, cu afinitate pentru fibrele de celuloz.
-cColorantul insolubil se regenereaz apoi pe fibr prin oxidare sau expunere la aer
O
NH2
O

KOH

H
N

+
H2N

O
O

N
H

Albastru-indantren