Direction: Define the following concepts based on how you

encounter them in everyday conversations.

DIWA

KAPWA

PAKIKIPAGKAPWA
 During the Spanish Period, illustrados like Jose
Rizal frequently questioned the policies and
researches done by the Spanish about the
Filipinos.
 During the American period, more Filipinos
were educated in public schools and many
gained college degrees leading to more
exposure to western ideologies.
 On the later time, most of these western
ideologies started questioning its own biased
methodologies and with the continuous
assertion of Filipino identity and sovereignty
against foreigners, it eventually led to the
creation or appropriation of social science
methods and theories in Philippine context.
 PILIPINOLOHIYA and
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
Prepared by:
RITCHEL C. RIVAS
Subject Teacher
 Sa layunin ng pagsasakatutubo ng talastasang
Pilipino at patuloy na proyekto ng
dekolonisasyon na nakatuon sa pag-unawa,
pagpapahalaga, at kritikal na ebalwasyon sa
pagka-Pilipino at tunguhin ng lipunang
Pilipino, nabuo ang larangan ng Pilipinolohiya.
 Ayon nga kay Prospero Covar (1981), ang
Pilipinolohiya ay ang pag-aaral sa mundo ng
mga Pilipino, sa Pagkapilipino, at sa iba’t
ibang paraan ng pagiging Pilipino.
 Pilipinolohiya was established from
the sociological training of Dr. Prospero
R. Covar in the University of the
Philippines and his Anthropological
studies in the University of Arizona.
Sikolohiyang Pilipino was established
from Dr. Virgilio Enriquez where he
focused on the study of the Filipino mind.
 Ayon nga kay Prospero Covar (1981), ang
Pilipinolohiya ay ang pag-aaral sa mundo ng
mga Pilipino, sa Pagkapilipino, at sa iba’t
ibang paraan ng pagiging Pilipino. Ang
pagsasakatuparan ng bisyong ito ay
nakaangkla sa paggamit ng wikang
naghuhulma at bumubuhay sa kulturang
Pilipino. Naniniwala ang larangang ito sa pag-
aaral sa pagkatao, kultura, at lipunang Pilipino
na nakabatay sa mga panloob na kaparaanan at
kaisipang likas sa mga Pilipino, sa ganyan,
naisasabuhay ang diwa ng pagsasakatubo.
Pagsasakatubo bilang hakbang sa
dekolonisasyon din ang ipinapanukala ng
kilusan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (SP) na
inakda ni Virgilio Enriquez. Itinuturing
ni Enriquez ang SP bilang pamamaraan
sa sikolohiyang mapagplaya na
nagbibigay-diin sa diwa ng
pagkakakilanlan at pambansang kamalay
bilang tuntungan sa maka-panlipunan at
maka-agham na pag-aaral sa tao.
 Ang paggamit ng katutubong pamamaraan
ng SP ay may tunguhing dumukal ng kaalaman
gamit ang pambansa at etnikong kultura at mga
wika bilang pundasyon sa pagpapayaman ng
anomang lawak o disiplina ng pag-unawa sa
sarili. Ang konsepto ng “kapuwa” ang
nagsisilbing pangunahing hibla sa pagdalumat
ng nalalimang ugnayan sa di-ibang tao sa
pamamagitan ng proseso ng
pakikipagpalagayang-loob, pakikisangkot, at
pakikipagkaisa.
 Sa pangunguna ni Zeus Salazar (1991),
inadhika ang “pantayong pananaw” na
layuning pandayin ang talastasang bayan
sa kabihasnang Pilipino sa pamamagitan
ng malawakang pag-unawa sa
kasaysayang nakaugat sa katutubong lente
at pamamaraan.
 Westernization of the Filipinos
 Filipino people tend to be very hospitable,
especially to Western visitors because of
their strong ties to Spanish culture,
Filipinos are emotional and passionate
about life in a way that seems more Latin
than Asian.
 The family is the basic and most important
aspect of Filipino culture. Divorce is prohibited
and annulments are rare. The family is the
safety net for individuals, especially older
people, during difficult economic times.
Children will often stay with their parents into
adulthood, only leaving when they get married
 Two traits that many foreign visitors often have a
difficult time understanding
are Pakikisama and Utang na Loob. Pakikisama
roughly means "getting along" and requires
individuals overlook slight improprieties or
indiscretions for the sake of preserving peace within
the family, personal, or business relationship. Utang
na Loob refers to the custom of paying back one
favor with another (2). These traits emphasize the
importance that Filipino people place on maintaining
pleasant interpersonal relationships and puting the
needs of the group ahead of the individual.
 More than 80% of the population of the
Philippines is Roman Catholic. Fiestas in
honor of the patron saint of a town are quite
common. Criticism of the Catholic church is
not taken lightly - and should be avoided.
 In the Philippines, people greet each other with
a handshake. A smile or raised eyebrows can
mean "Hello" or "Yes". Someone can be
summoned with a downward wave of the hand.
 Application in Filipino Social Science
Research
 Pilipinolohiya and Sikolohiyang Pilipino are
ground-breaking studies that played very
important roles in veering away from Western
approaches and biases which at time proved to
be detrimental not only to different field of
study but also to our society.
Assignment: (20 points)

Identify different instances in Philippine

History where the Filipino value of
pakikipagkapwa was displayed. How is
pakikipagkapwa exhibited as a crucial
psychological support system for Filipinos?
Present your research in class.