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Avverbi semplici: born as adverbs, not deriving from other words. Mai,
forse, bene, male. etc.
Avverbi derivati: coming form other words, usually adjectives, with the
addition of the suffix – mente (in English -ly). Chiaro (clear) ->
chiaramente (clearly).
Avverbi composti: coming from combination of words. Da+per+tutto =
dappertutto (every + where = everywhere).
The easiest way to understand and classify Italian adverbs is by their function.
I’m going to write just a few examples only in Italian. Your job will be to
understand them.
Avverbi di modo
They tell you HOW an action takes place. This is the largest family of Italian
adverbs.
AVVERBI SEMPLICI
AVVERBI IN –-MENTE
In Italian we can use some adjectives instead of the correspondent adverb and
make the sentence more linear and conversational.
Avverbi di luogo
They tell you WHERE an action takes place.
Abiti vicino?
Faccio la spesa sempre qui.
Il libro che stai cercando è là.
Puoi parcheggiare la tua macchina qui davanti.
Vieni dentro, fa freddo.
Qui & Qua: they both mean “here” and are virtually equivalent.
Qui means “exactly here”.
Lì & Là: they both mean “there” and they are also virtually equivalent.
Lì should represent a precise area in the vicinity of the speaker. Là is out
of reach. As a matter of fact though, people use both as synonyms.
vicino, lontano, sotto, sopra, davanti, dietro, dentro, fuori… are
adverbs but also prepositions when they are used in relative terms. “Abito
vicino all’ospedale“.
Avverbi di tempo
They tell you WHEN an action takes place. We already talked about adverbs of
frequency. Avverbi di tempo are many (e.g. subito, ieri, oggi, domani, allora,
spesso, sempre, mai, talvolta, prima, dopo, ormai, ora, adesso, stasera, già.. .)
Some examples below.
Ci vediamo domani.
Sono le dieci, ormai la festa sarà finita.
Domattina mi devo svegliare presto.
Hai già finito di mangiare?
Federico arriva sempre in ritardo al lavoro.
Non + Mai. The adverb MAI (never) needs a negative NON (not) to work
properly. Non guardo mai la tivù. (I don’t never watch TV) is a double
negative, but that’s how it works in Italian.
Avverbi di giudizio
They express an OPINION related to the action. They are generally split in
three sub-categories:
Avverbi di quantità
Needless to say, they tell you about a QUANTITY, countable or uncountable,
related to an action.
Avverbi interrogativi
They of course ask QUESTIONS about an action. They are related to the
categories explained above. so we have avverbi interrogativi…