PERHITUNGAN MASS BALANCE IPAL

~ Baku mutu limbah cair

COD = 100.00 mg/l
BOD5 = 30.00 mg/l
TSS = 30.00 mg/l
NH3 bebas = 10.00 mg/l
PO4 = 2.00 mg/l
Mikrobiologi = 3000 jumlah/100 ml

~ Konsentrasi limbah
COD = 615.00 mg/l
BOD = 353.00 mg/l
TSS = 119.25 mg/l
NH3 - N = 84.76 mg/l

~ Debit limbah rata-rata (Q) = 228.50 m3/hari = 2.645 l/detik

BEBAN PENCEMARAN INFLUEN IPAL (Q x Konsentrasi)

CODM = 140.53 kg/hari
BODM = 80.66 kg/hari
TSSM = 27.25 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = 19.37 kg/hari

1. BP 1
Influen
Diketahui :
Qave = 0.002645 m3/detik = 228.5 m3/hari
COD = 615.00 mg/l
BOD = 353.00 mg/l
TSS = 119.25 mg/l
NH3 - N = 84.76 mg/l

CODM = 140.53 kg/hari

BODM = 80.66 kg/hari
TSSM = 27.25 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = 19.37 kg/hari

Efisiensi removal
COD = 40 % (30-40% Metcalf & Eddy)
BOD = 40 % (25-40% Metcalf & Eddy)
TSS = 65 % (50-70% Metcalf & Eddy)
 Removal
COD = % removal x COD = 246.00 mg/l
BOD = % removal x BOD = 141.20 mg/l
TSS = % removal x TSS = 77.51 mg/l

CODM = % removal x CODM = 56.21 kg/hari

BODM = % removal x BODM = 32.26 kg/hari
TSSM = % removal x TSSM = 17.71 kg/hari

Kualitas efluen
COD = influen - removal = 369.00 mg/l
BOD = influen - removal = 211.80 mg/l
TSS = influen - removal = 41.74 mg/l

Beban efluen
CODM = influen - removal = 84.32 kg/hari
BODM = influen - removal = 48.40 kg/hari
TSSM = influen - removal = 9.54 kg/hari

Lumpur terdiri dari 96% air dan 4% TSS, sehingga :

Sglumpur = 1.026
1 %solid %air
 
Sgl Sgs Sga

TSSM =
Massa lumpur = 27.249 kg/hari
Debit lumpur = 0.664 m3/hari

2. Biofilter Anaerob
Influen
Diketahui :
Qave = 0.002637 m3/detik = 228 m3/hari
COD = 369.00 mg/l
BOD = 211.80 mg/l
TSS = 41.74 mg/l
NH3 - N = 84.76 mg/l

CODM = 84.32 kg/hari

BODM = 48.40 kg/hari
TSSM = 9.54 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = 19.37 kg/hari

Efisiensi removal
COD = 60 %
BOD = 60 % (50-90% Sasse, L)
TSS = 50 % (50-80% Sasse, L)
NH3 - N = 50 %

Removal
COD = % removal x COD = 221.40 mg/l
BOD = % removal x BOD = 127.08 mg/l
TSS = % removal x TSS = 20.87 mg/l
NH3 - N = % removal x NH3 - N M = 42.38 mg/l

CODM = % removal x CODM = 50.59 kg/hari

BODM = % removal x BODM = 29.04 kg/hari
TSSM = % removal x TSSM = 4.77 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = % removal x NH3 - N M = 9.68 kg/hari

Kualitas efluen
COD = influen - removal = 147.60 mg/l
BOD = influen - removal = 84.72 mg/l
TSS = influen - removal = 20.87 mg/l
NH3 - N = influen - removal = 42.38 mg/l

Beban efluen
CODM = influen - removal = 33.73 kg/hari
BODM = influen - removal = 19.36 kg/hari
TSSM = influen - removal = 4.77 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = influen - removal = 9.68 kg/hari

Lumpur terdiri dari 96% air dan 4% TSS, sehingga :

1 %solid %air
Sglumpur = 1.026
 
Sgl Sgs Sga
 1 %solid %air
 
Sgl Sgs Sga

TSSM =
Massa lumpur = 9.54 kg/hari
Debit lumpur = 0.232 m3/hari

1. Aerobik Biofilter
Influen
Diketahui :
Qave = 0.002634 m3/detik = 227.6 m3/hari
COD = 147.60 mg/l
BOD = 84.72 mg/l
TSS = 20.87 mg/l
NH3 - N = 42.38 mg/l

CODM = 33.73 kg/hari

BODM = 19.36 kg/hari
TSSM = 4.77 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = 9.68 kg/hari

Efisiensi removal
COD = 50 %
BOD = 50 %
TSS = 50 %
NH3 - N = 60 %

Removal
COD = % removal x COD = 73.80 mg/l
BOD = % removal x BOD = 42.36 mg/l
TSS = % removal x TSS = 10.43 mg/l
NH3 - N = % removal x NH3 - N = 25.43 mg/l

CODM = % removal x CODM = 16.86 kg/hari

BODM = % removal x BODM = 9.68 kg/hari
TSSM = % removal x TSSM = 2.38 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = % removal x NH3 - N M = 5.81 kg/hari

Kualitas efluen
COD = influen - removal = 73.80 mg/l
BOD = influen - removal = 42.36 mg/l
 TSS = influen - removal = 10.43 mg/l
NH3 - N = influen - removal = 16.95 mg/l

Beban efluen
CODM = influen - removal = 16.86 kg/hari
BODM = influen - removal = 9.68 kg/hari
TSSM = influen - removal = 2.38 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = influen - removal = 3.87 kg/hari

1 %solterdiri
Lumpur id %airdari 96% air dan 4% TSS, sehingga :
Sglumpur 
 = 1.026
Sgl Sgs Sga

TSSM =
Massa lumpur = 4.77 kg/hari
Debit lumpur = 0.116 m3/hari

2. Bak Pengendap II
Influen
Diketahui :
Qave = 0.00263 m3/detik = 227.49 m3/hari
COD = 73.80 mg/l
BOD = 42.36 mg/l
TSS = 10.43 mg/l
NH3 - N = 16.95 mg/l

CODM = 16.86 kg/hari

BODM = 9.68 kg/hari
TSSM = 2.38 kg/hari
NH3 - N M = 3.87 kg/hari

Efisiensi removal
COD = 25 %
BOD = 30 % (25-40% Metcalf & Eddy)
TSS = 50 % (50-70% Metcalf & Eddy)

Removal
COD = % removal x COD = 18.45 mg/l
BOD = % removal x BOD = 12.71 mg/l
TSS = % removal x TSS = 5.22 mg/l
CODM = % removal x CODM = 4.22 kg/hari
BODM = % removal x BODM = 2.90 kg/hari
TSSM = % removal x TSSM = 1.19 kg/hari

Kualitas efluen
COD = influen - removal = 55.35 mg/l
BOD = influen - removal = 29.65 mg/l
TSS = influen - removal = 5.22 mg/l

Beban efluen
CODM = influen - removal = 12.65 kg/hari
BODM = influen - removal = 6.78 kg/hari
TSSM = influen - removal = 1.19 kg/hari

1 %solid %air
Lumpur terdiri
 dari 96% air dan 4% TSS, sehingga :
Sgl Sgs Sga
Sglumpur = 1.026

TSSM =
Massa lumpur = 2.38 kg/hari
Debit lumpur = 0.058 m3/hari

Effluen
COD = 55.35 mg/l
BOD = 29.65 mg/l
TSS = 5.22 mg/l
NH3 - N = 16.95 mg/l
 706
3.53

17.65
OK
OK
OK
NOT OK
DESAIN BAK EQUALISASI

~ Direncanakan
Kedalaman efektif (h) = 3m
freeboard = 0.3 m
Rasio P/L = 1
Jumlah = 1 unit
Waktu detensi (td) = 4 jam = 240 menit

~ Perhitungan
Q Rata-Rata = 228.5 m3/hari = 0.002645 m3/detik
fp = 2
Q desain = 457
Volume = Q desain x td
= 38.08 m3 = 38.00 m3
Dimensi unit:
Luas permukaan (As) = Volume / h
= 12.7 m
P=L = (As)0,5
= 3.6 m ~ 3.60 m
Kedalaman total = h + freeboard
= 3.3 m

Dimensi Bak Equalisasi

panjang = 3.60 m
lebar = 3.60 m
kedalaman = 3.00 m
freeboard = 0.30 m

Desain Agitator Mekanis

~ Diketahui
Suhu air limbah ( T ) = 28 oC
Viskositas absolut (μ) pada T 28 oC = 0.00085 N detik/m2
Densitas air (ρ) pada T 28 oC = 996.26 kg/m3
Konstanta impeller (KT) = 1 utk aliran turbulan (Reynold, 199
Volume bak equalisasi = 38.0 m3

~ Ditetapkan
Kecepatan putaran (n) = 1336 rpm = 22.27 rps
Power pengadukan (P): = 850.0 W = 0.85 KW

~ Perhitungan
Diameter impeller: (D)
1

 P 5
D   
K
 T n 3
 
Diameter = 0.15 m ~ 0.2 m
~ Periksa Nre:

D 2 n
Nre 


Nre = 1043924 >> 10000 ~ OK

Kontrol prosentase diameter/dimensi bak:

% dimensi impeller = 5.56 %>> 30% ~ NOT OK

Pompa
Air limbah dari bak equalisasi dialirkan menuju ke BP 1 dengan
menggunakan pompa

Jumlah pompa = 2 unit (1 unit cadangan)

Head statis = 2.50 m
Sisa tekan yang diharapkan = 0.3 m
+ Suction
V aliran dalam pipa suction = 0.6 m/detik
L pipa suction = 1m
A pipa suction = Q/V
= 0.0044 m2
Diameter pipa suction = (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.075 m = 2.5 cm
cek V aliran = Q/A
= 5.39 m/detik
Headloss mayor

 Q
Hf   2 , 63 
 0,00155  C  D 
Hf mayor pipa suction
+ Discharge
V aliran dalam pipa discharge
L pipa discharge
A pipa discharge
Diameter pipa discharge
1, 85

L
= 1.573 m
= 0.6 m/detik
= 1m
= Q/V
= 0.0044 m2
= (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.075 m = 2.5 cm
 Headloss mayor

1, 85
 Q 
Hf   2 , 63 
L
 0,00155  C  D 
Hf mayor pipa discharge = 1.573 m
+ Assesoris pipa

V2
Hf k
minor 2g

jenis assesoris
- gate valve ; nilai k = 0.19
+ Hf minor = 0.281 m
+ Head total = Head statis + sisa tekan + Hf mayor suct + Hf mayor disch + Hf minor
Head total = 6.227 m
 (3-24 m) Metcalf and Eddy, 2003

(4-8 jam) Metcalf and Eddy, 2003

(2-3 ) Metcalf and Eddy, 2003

turbulan (Reynold, 1996)

TR 21.145-4/11 S10 (Catalog Submersible Mixer)

P = Kt x n3 x Di5 x rho
3532.772
product specification submersible mixer
n submersible mixer
PERHITUNGAN BAK PENGENDAP I

I. SETTLING ZONE DESIGN

1. Q peak = 0.005203 m3/det
2. Jumlah bak rencana = 2 buah
3. Q tiap bak = Q peak / jumlah bak
4. OFR rencana = 40 m3/m2.hr
5. A surface = Q tiap bak / OFR
6. Rasio panjang : lebar = 3
7. Lebar = (A surface / 3) ^ 0,5
8. Panjang = 3 * lebar =
9. Waktu detensi (td) = 2.5 jam
10. Volume (V) = Q * td =
11. Kedalaman bak (h) = V / A surface
= 4.167 m
12. Freeboard = 0.2 m
13. Kedalaman bak total (H) = h + freeboard =
14. Pada T air limbah = 27 oC, maka :
v = 8.581E-07 m/det
Vs = 40 m/hr
Specific Gravity (Ss) = 2.65
15. D partikel terkecil yang diendapkan = ((18*Vs*v)/(g*(Ss-1)))^0,5
= 0.00002 cm
16. k = 0.05
f = 0.02
17. Kecepatan penggerusan (Vsc) = (8*k*(Ss-1)*g*d/f)^0,5
18. Kecepatan horisontal (Vh) = Q/(lebar*kedalaman bak)
= 0.045620 cm/det
19. Keliling basah (R) = (b*h)/(b+2h) =
20. Kontrol Nre = Vh*R/v
Nre = 312.4837318824
21. Kontrol Nfr = Vh/((g*R)^0,5)
Nfr = 0.0001899845

II. INLET ZONE DESIGN

A. Bak Transisi/Bak Pengumpul
1. Q bak pengumpul = Q tiap bak =
2. Lebar inlet zone = lebar settling zone
3. Kecepatan (v) rencana = 0.15 m/det
Dimensi bak
4. td rencana = 5 menit
5. Volume (V) inlet zone = Q*td =
6. Kedalaman inlet zone (h rencana) = 2.5 m
7. A surface = Volume / h rencana
8. Panjang inlet zone (b) = A surface / h rencana
9. Freeboard = 0.1 m
10. Kedalaman total (H) = h+freeboard =
11. Kecepatan horisontal (Vh) = Q/(panjang*kedalaman)
= 0.0083 m/det
12. Keliling basah (R) = b*h/(b+2h) =
13. Kontrol Nre = Vh*R/v
Nre = 591.5655917462
14. Kontrol Nfr = Vh/((g*R)^0,5)
Nfr = 0.0107801108
15. Headloss bak transisi
* Mayor Losses (hf)
Kecepatan (v) = (1/n)*((b*h/(b+2h))^(2/3))*((hf/L)^0,5)
Mayor losses (hf) = ((V*n/((b*h/(b+2h))^(2/3)))^2) * L
= 3.16622734917546E-05 m
* Head Kecepatan (hv) = (V^2)/(2*g) =
Headloss bak transisi total = hf + hv =

B. Perencanaan Pintu Air

1. Lebar pintu air rencana (b) = 0.5 m
2. Jumlah pintu tiap bak prased = 1 buah
3. Bukaan pintu air (a)
Q=k*u*a*b*((2gh)^0,5)
a = 0.0033 m
4. Headloss saluran berpintu (HL) = (hf+hv)/3 =
5. Headloss pintu air (HL) = HL saluran berpintu / (1-(0,99^2))
= 0.0197 m

III. SLUDGE ZONE DESIGN

1. Dari perhitungan mass balance diperoleh :
- Kualitas air limbah yang masuk prasedimentasi :
BOD = 353 mg/l
COD = 615 mg/l
TSS = 119.25 mg/l
- Removal yang terjadi :
BOD = 40 %
COD = 40 %
TSS = 65 %
2. Specific gravity = 2.65
3. Density solid = 2.65 gr/cm3
4. Density air = 1 gr/cm3
5. Lumpur mengandung :
- kadar air = 94 %
- kadar solid = 6%
6. Q bak = 0.0026015 m3/det
7. Removal TSS / TSS yg terendapkan (TSSr) tiap bak
TSSr = % removal * TSS awal * Q bak
= 17.42245362 kg/hari
8. Berat jenis lumpur
Density = (Density SS * 6%) + (Density air * 94%)
= 1.099 gr/cm3
9. Volume lumpur (Vol) = (Berat SS+Berat air)/Density lumpur
= 0.7927 m3/ 3 hari
*Dimensi ruang lumpur
Direncanakan bentuk limas terpancung dipasang dekat inlet
10. Periode pengurasan lumpur = 3 hari sekali
11. Slope pada ruang lumpur = 45 o
12. Lebar permukaan limas (L) = Lebar settling zone
13. Lebar dasar limas (L') = 1m
14. Panjang permukaan limas (P) = 4m
15. Panjang dasar limas (P') = 2.5 m
16. Luas permukaan limas (A) = L*P =
17. Luas dasar limas (A') = L' * P' =
18. Volume = t*(A+A'+((A*A')^0,5))/3
tinggi (t) = Vol*3 / (A+A'+((A*A')^0,5))
Pengurasan lumpur dilakukan menggunakan pompa lumpur yang beroperasi 3 hari sekali
19. Q yang direncanakan = 1 l/det
20. Waktu (t) pengurasan per hari = Volume / Q
= 792.6503 detik

IV. OUTLET ZONE DESIGN

1. Q bak = 0.0026015 m3/det
2. Weir loading rencana = 127 m3/m.hr
3. Bentuk pelimpah = jenis U weir
4. Panjang total weir (Ltot) = Q/weir loading
*Dimensi gutter/saluran pelimpah
5. Lebar tiap gutter (b) = 0.2 m
6. Kedalaman gutter (h)
Q = 1,375*b*(h^1,5)
h = (Q/(1,375*b))^(2/3)
freeboard = 0.2 m
h total = h+freeboard =
7. Tinggi air di atas pelimpah (H)
Q = 1,84*L tot*(H^1,5)
H = (Q/(1,84*Ltot))^(2/3)
8. Panjang tiap pelimpah = 1.35 m
9. Jumlah pelimpah - 1 = (L tot - L pelimpah)/(2*L pelimpah)
= 0.155496063
Jumlah pelimpah = 1.155496063
10. Jarak antar pelimpah (s) = (L bak-(b*jumlah pelimpah))/(jumlah pelimpah)
 = 0.984 m
*Cek L tot pelimpah
11. L tot = L bak +((jumlah pelimpah-1)*(2*L pelimpah))
= 1.788 m
12. WLR = Q/L tot
= 125.679 m3/m.hr
 = 0.0026 m3/det
m3/m2.hr (30 - 50) m3/m2.hr (Metcalf and Eddy)
= 5.61924 m2
(1 - 7,5)
= 1.369 m
4.106 m
(1,5 - 2,5) jam
23.414 m3

1 (3 - 4,6) m

4.367 m

= 0.0463 cm/det

= 0.825 cm/det

OK (Vh < Vs)

0.588 m

OK (Nre<2000)

OK (Nfr>10^-5)

0.0026015 m3/det
= 1.369 m

0.78045 m3

= 0.31218 m2
= 0.125 m
 2.6 m

0.061 m

OK (Nre<2000)

OK (Nfr>10^-5)

0.00115 m
0.00118 m

0.000393 m
 = 1099 kg/cm3

m3/ 3 hari

hari sekali
(30 - 50)o
= 1.369 m

5.474 m2
2.5 m2

= 0.204 m

= 0.001 m3/det

= 13.211 menit

(124-496) m3/m.hr

= 1.76984 m

= 0.045 m

0.245 m

= 0.0086 m

= 1 buah
h pelimpah)
1 (124-496) m3/m.hr
BIOFILTER ANAEROBIK
Qave = 228 m3/hari
BOD masuk = 211.8 mg/l
efisiensi BOD = 60 %
Beban BOD per volume media = 0.4-4.7 kg BOD/m3 hari
Ditetapkan = 1 kg BOD/m3 hari
Perhitungan
Beban BOD di air limbah = 48.29 kg/hari
Jumlah BOD yang dihilangkan = 28.97 kg/hari
Volume media yang diperlukan = 48.29 m3
Volume media = 60% x vol. reaktor
Volume reaktor = 80.48 m3
TD = 8.472 Jam
Ditetapkan
Panjang = 6m
lebar = 5m
kedalaman = 3m
Jumlah ruang = 2
Perhitungan
Tinggi ruang bebas = 0.32 m
Cek
TD = 9.47 jam
Ditetapkan
Tinggi ruang lumpur = 0.4 m
Tinggi air di atas bed media = 0.2 m
Perhitungan
Tinggi bed media pembiakan mikroba = 1.61 m
Cek
Beban BOD per volume media = 1 kg BOD/m3 hari
BIOFILTER AEROBIK
Qave = 227.3 m3/hari
BOD masuk = 84.72 mg/l
efisiensi BOD = 50 %
Beban BOD per volume media = 0.4-4.7 kg BOD/m3 hari
Ditetapkan = 0.6 kg BOD/m3 hari
Perhitungan
Beban BOD di air limbah = 19.26 kg/hari
Jumlah BOD yang dihilangkan = 9.63 kg/hari
Volume media yang diperlukan = 32.09 m3
Volume media = 50% x vol. reaktor
Volume reaktor = 64.19 m3
TD = 6.7776 Jam
Ditetapkan
Panjang = 5m
lebar = 5m
kedalaman = 3m
Jumlah ruang = 2
Perhitungan
Tinggi ruang bebas = 0.43 m
Cek
TD = 7.92 jam
Ditetapkan
Tinggi ruang lumpur = 0.4 m
Tinggi air di atas bed media = 0.2 m
Perhitungan
Tinggi bed media pembiakan mikroba= 1.28 m
Cek
Beban BOD per volume media = 0.6 kg BOD/m3 hari
DESAIN BAK PENGENDAP II

# Kriteria Desain
Overflow rate
rata-rata =
peak =
Solid Loading Rate ≤
Weir Loading Rate =
waktu detensi =
Kedalaman settling zone =

# Karakteristik Influen
Q ave =
Jumlah BP II rencana =
Q desain =

Q peak =
COD =
BOD =
TSS =
Spesific gravity (Sg) Solid =
T =
Viskositas kinematis (‫ )ט‬pd T 28 oC =
percepatan gravitasi (g) =

~ Direncanakan
Konsentrasi solid =
Overflow rate =
V notch weir dengan α =
Tinggi air di atas weir =
Waktu detensi (td) =
Bak berbentuk persegi

~ Perhitungan dimensi
As =
=
As =
Sisi =
=
Volume =
=
Kedalaman bak (H) =

=
Cek OFR
OFR =
OFR saat average =
OFR saat peak =

Dimensi BP II
panjang =
lebar =
kedalaman =
freeboard =

Solid Loading Rate =

=
SLR saat average =
SLR saat peak =

Kec. pengendapan partikel (Vs) =

=
diameter partikel terkecil yang dapat mengendap (d)

18  Vs  
d 
g ( Ss  1 )

d =
Kec. Penggerusan (Vsc)

8k (Ss1)  g d
Vsc
f
dimana : k =
f =
Vsc =
syarat agar tidak terjadi penggerusan
Vsc > Vs =

Keliling basah ( R ) =

=
Kec. Vertikal (Vup) =

=
Bilangan reynold (Nre) =

Ruang Lumpur
~ Direncanakan
Konsentrasi solid =
Konsentrasi air =
Spesific gravity (Sg) Solid =
Massa lumpur yang dibuang (total massa solid)
Total massa solid =
=
Penentuan Sg lumpur

1 %solid %air
= +
Sgl Sgs Sga
Sg lumpur =
Penentuan volume lumpur
total massa solid
Vol. Lumpur 
%solid  Sg  ρ
Volume lumpur =
Ruang lumpur berbentuk limas terpancung, maka dimensi ruang lumpurnya adalah :
Luas bagian atas
Lebar =
Panjang =
A1 =
Lebar bagian bawah
Lebar =
Panjang =
A2 =
Kedalaman ruang lumpur =

h
V= (A1 + A2 + A1× A2)
3
h =
Cek td
Volume clarification zone =
=
Volume ruang lumpur =
Volume total =
td =

Zona Inlet
saluran inletnya sama dengan zona outlet aerobik biofilter
V asumsi =
A = Q / V asumsi =
A = 1/4 π D2
 Diameter =
=
=
V cek =
=
Hf =
=

Zona Outlet
Efluen dialirkan menggunakan struktur v-notch weir yang terpasang melintang
di tengah-tengah BP II dan kemudian akan melimpa ke weir.
~ Direncanakan
Panjang total weir =
Jarak antar pusat v-notch weir =
Lebar v-notch weir =

~ Perhitungan
Q ave outlet BP II =
=
Panjang weir =
Weir Loading Rate =
=
jika jarak antar v-notch weir adalah 20 cm, maka pada jarak 1 meter terdapat
5 buah v-notch weir , sehingga jumlah v-notch total :
Jumlah v-notch =
Debit tiap v-notch saat average =
=
Debit tiap v-notch saat peak =
=
Ketinggian muka air di atas v-notch

8 θ 5
Q notch = Cd 2g × tan H 2
15 2
dengan Cd =
H air di v-notch saat average =
H air di v-notch saat peak =

Dimensi gulet
V saluran =
Lebar (b) =
Panjang ( l ) =
Slope saluran direncanakan =
S = hf / l
headloss saluran (hf) =

1
V   R 2 3
 S 1 2

n
 1
V   R 2 3
 S 1 2

n
R
R =

Kedalaman saluran (h) =

freeboard =
headloss kecepatan =
=
headloss total =

Pada saluran outlet terdapat pipa efluen yang menuju ke bak klorinasi
V asumsi =
A = Q / V asumsi =
A = 1/4 π D2
Diameter =
=
=
V cek =
=
Hf =
=
16 - 33 m3/m2.hari
40 - 48 m3/m2.hari
4-6 kg /m2.jam
< 124 m3/m2.hari
2-4 jam
> 1,5 m

227.08 m3/hari f
2 unit
113.54 m3/hari
4.73 m3/jam = 1.314 l/detik
386.04 m3/hari = 193.018 m3/hari
35.00 mg/l
16.50 mg/l
22.50 mg/l
2.65
28 oC
8.394E-07 m2/detik
9.81 m/detik2

6%
25 m3/m2.hari
90 o
15 cm
2 jam

Q / OFR
4.54 m2 ~ 4.50 m2
sisi 2 P:L=1:1
(As)^0,5
2.12 m ~ 2.12 m
Q x td
9.46 m3
Volume
As
2.10 m ~ 2.10 m
Q / As
25.26 m3/m2.hari OK
42.95 m3/m2.hari OK

2.12 m
2.12 m
2.10 m
0.20 m

Q lumpur = TSS in x Q ave

As As
0.57 kg /m .hari
2

0.024 kg /m2. jam OK

0.17 kg /m2. jam OK

Q / As
0.0002920267 m/detik

1.651032324E-05 m

0.05
0.02
0.073 m/detik

0,053 m/detik > 0,00029 m/detik OK

A = sxs
O 2h x b
0.71
H bak
td
0.00029 m/detik
Vup x R
‫ט‬
247.10 OK (Kriteria desain < 2000)
 6.0%
94.00%
2.65

Px + lumpur TSS inert

3.31 kg/hari

1.039

0.05 m3/hari

2.12 m
2.12 m
4.49 m2

0.5 m
0.5 m
0.25 m2

0.03 m

AxH
9.45 m3
0.05 m3
9.50 m3
Volume
Q ave
0.08 hari = 2.01 jam OK

0.8 m/detik
0.0016 m2
(4 . A / p)1/2
0.046 m 46
50 mm
Q/A
0.7 m/detik OK
V / 2g
2

0.02 m

Panjang sisi bak

20 cm
10 cm

Q ave - Q lumpur
113.49 m3/hari
2.12 m
Q / panjang weir
53.53 m3/hari OK

10.6 ~ 11
10.32 m3/hari
0.000119 m3/detik
17.54 m3/hari
0.000203 m3/detik

0.6
0.019 m
0.024 m

0.1 m/detik
0.2 m
2.12 m
0.0002

0.00042
 0.03
bxh
b + 2h
0.05 m
0.1 m
V 2 / 2g
0.00051 m
0.00093 m

0.6 m/detik
0.0022 m2

(4 . A / p)1/2
0.053 m
50 mm
Q/A
0.67 m/detik OK
V / 2g
2

0.02 m
kebutuhan bahan kimia (kg/hari) untuk bakteri menggunakan kaporit
debit limbah (m3/hari) x kebutuhan Ca(OCl2) x 0,001 : % kaporit dalam senyawa bahan kimia
1 debit limbah = 234.056448 m3/hari = 13710
2 kebutuhan Ca(OCl2) = 15.4370454627 mg/l
3 % kaporit = 4%
sehingga = 9.03 kg/hari

kebutuhan bahan kimia untuk menurunkan amonia

1 debit limbah = 234.056448 m3/hr
2 jumlah amonia = 210.29 mg/l = 0.21029
m = 49.2197304499 g
Mr = 17 g/mol
n NH3 = m/Mr = 2.8952782618
n HOCL- = 8.6858347853 mol
n Ca (OCl2) = 4.3429173926 mol
mr Ca(OCl2) = 142.98 g/mol
m Ca(OCl2) = n x Mr
= 620.9503287997 g
= 0.6209503288 kaporit yang dibutuhkan
620950.328799667 mg
2652.9939 mg/l
2.6529939 g/l
m3/menit

mol
DESAIN ANAEROBIK BIOFILTER

# Kriteria Desain
Organik Loading = 3-4 kg BOD/m3.hari
COD Loading = 10 - 12 kg COD/m3.hari
Hidrolik Loading = 5-6 m3/m2.jam
Kedalaman Bak = 0,9 - 1,8 m

# Karakteristik Influen
Q ave = 32.54 m3/hari
Jumlah ABF rencana = 1 unit
Q desain = 32.54 m3/hari
1.36 m3/jam = 0.377 l/detik
COD = 500.00 mg/l
BOD = 300.00 mg/l
TSS = 122.00 mg/l
NH3 - N = 0.34 mg/l
PO4 - P = 3.41 mg/l
T = 28 oC

~ Direncanakan
Hidrolik Loading Rate (HL) = 5 m3/m2.jam
COD Loading = 12 kg COD/m3.hari
COD efluen yg diharapk = 50 mg/l
Rasio BOD5 / BODU = 0.68
Rasio BOD5 / COD = 0.5 utk limbah rumah sakit (Metcalf n Eddy, 1991)
TSS mengandung 80% bahan biodegardable (Metcalf n Eddy, 2003)
1 gr biodegradable = 1.42 gr BODu

~ Perhitungan dimensi
As = Q / HL
= 0.27 m2 ~ 0.30 m2
As = PxL P:L=2:1
= 2L2
L = (As/2)^0,5
= 0.37 m ~ 0.40 m2
P = 2xL
= 0.80 m
Cek HL
HL = Q / As
= 4.24 m3/m2.jam OK

COD removal = (COD in - COD ef) x Q

= 14.64 kg/hr
Volume = COD removal
 COD loading
= 1.22 m3
Kedalaman bak (H) = Volume
As
= 3.81 m
BOD5 efluen (S) = (Rasio BOD5 / COD) x COD efluen
= 25.0 mg/l

Dimensi Aerobik Biofilter

panjang = 0.80 m
lebar = 0.40 m
kedalaman media = 3.81 m
kedalaman air di atas = 0.20 m
kedalaman air di bwh = 0.30 m
freeboard = 0.20 m

Produksi Lumpur
~ Direncanakan
Koefisien ? (f) = 0.01 l / mg tipikal (0,006 - 0,01)
Ketebalan lapisan film (h = 0.3 cm tipikal (0,1 - 0,5)
Maksimum removal rate = 0.3 mg/l.detik tipikal (0,2 - 0,3)
Konstanta 1/2 reaksi (Km = 10 mg/l tipikal (0,1 - 10)
Koefisien decay (Kd) = 0.06 /hari
BOD5 influen (So) = 300.00 mg/l
BOD5 efluen (S) = 25.0 mg/l
A spesific = 100.00 m2 (Metcalf n Eddy, 2003)

~ Perhitungan
Massa BOD5 removal

f h Ko So 2 As
M 
Km  So

M = 22.58 kg/m3.hari
Removal substrat netto
M' = M - Kd (So - S)
M' = 6.08 kg/m3.hari
Y obs = M' = 0.27
M
Biomassa yang dibuang ke BP II (Px)
Px = Y obs x Q x (So-S)
= 2.41 kg/hari
Massa lumpur dari biodegradable TSS
Massa TSS in = TSS in x Q
= 3.97 kg/hari
Biodegradable TSS = 80 % x Massa TSS x konversi ke BOD5
 = 3.07 kg/hari
Lumpur TSS inert = Massa TSS in - Biodegradable TSS
= 0.90 kg/hari
Konsentrasi TSS efluen = 27.76 mg/l
Total lumpur yang mengalir ke BP II
Total lumpur = Px + lumpur TSS inert
= 3.31 kg/hari

Kebutuhan Udara
berat udara = 1.201 kg/m3
O2 dlm udara = 21 %
Keb. oksigen teoritis = 9.74 kg O2/hari

Q  (So  S)
O2   Px 1,42
BOD5
BODu

~ Direncanakan
* Kelarutan oksigen di tangki aerasi (C'sw) = 7.81 mg/l (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)
(suhu 28oC)
* Kelarutan oksigen dlm air bersih pada suhu = 9.08 mg/l (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)
standard 20 oC (Csw)
* Jumlah minimum dissolved oxygen yang harus = 2
tersedia dalam tangki aerasi (C)
* Faktor tekanan salinitas permukaan (β) = 0.95
* Faktor koreksi transfer oksigen untuk air buangan (α) = 0.8
* Faktor koreksi kelarutan oksigen untuk = 0.99989 (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)
perbedaan ketinggian (Fa)

~ Perhitungan
SOR = 16.88 kg/hari

N
SOR 
 ( c' sw . β. Fa - c) 
α 1,024  T - 20  
 csw 

Keb. udara = SOR

Effisiensi difusi udara
Keb. udara teoritis
Keb. udara Total
(berat udara x O2 dalam udara)
= 66.91 m3 udara/hari
= 8% (Qasim, 1985)
= Kebutuhan udara / effs difusi udara
= 836.38 m3/hari
= Kebutuhan udara teoritis x 1.5
= 836.38 m3/hari x 1.5
= 1,254.57 m /hari
3

= 52.27 m3/jam
Keb. udara tiap reaktor = Kebutuhan udara total / jumlah unit reaktor
= 1,254.57 m3/hr
= 0.87 m3/mnt

Vol. Udara per kg BOD5 = Kebutuhan udara total

teremoval (So - S) x Q desain
= 140.20 m3/kg

Vol. suplai udara per m3 = Kebutuhan udara total

air limbah Q desain
= 38.55 m3/m3

Vol. suplai udara per m3 = Kebutuhan udara total

volume tangki volume reaktor
= 1028.12 m3/m3.hari
Dimensi dan jumlah diffuser yang diperlukan :
Kemampuan diffuser = 6.00 m3/jam (tergantung spesifikasi)
Jumlah diffuser = Kebutuhan udara total
Kapasitas diffuser
= 8.71 unit

Kebutuhan Nutrien
Penentuan kebutuhan nutrien dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus molekul utk sel biomassa C 60H87O23N12P
Nutrien tersedia :
Nitrogen = NH3 - N x Q
= 0.01 kg/hari
Fosfor = PO4 - P x Q
= 0.11 kg/hari
Kebutuhan nutrien berdasarkan rumus molekul sel
C60H87O23N12P
%N = 12.22%
%P = 2.23%
Kebutuhan nitrogen = % N x Produksi biomassa (Px)
= 0.29 kg/hari
Tambahan N = Kebutuhan nitrogen - nitrogen tersedia
= 0.28 kg/hari
Kebutuhan fosfor = % P x Produksi biomassa (Px)
= 0.05 kg/hari
fosfor yang tersedia sudah mencukupi kebutuhan fosfor
untuk mencukupi kebutuhan nitrogen, digunakan CO(NH 2) atau urea sebagai sumber nutrien
kandungan nitrogen dalam urea + sebesar 46%
Kebutuhan urea = 100 / 46 x tambahan N
= 0.63 kg/hari
Kandungan N dan P dalam efluen aerobik biofilter
Kandungan N = 0.00 mg/l
Kandungan P = 0.00 mg/l

Zona Inlet
V asumsi = 0.8 m/detik
A = Q / V asumsi = 0.0005 m2
A = 1/4 π D2
Diameter = (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.024 m
= 25 mm = 2.5 cm
V cek = Q/A
= 0.77 m/detik OK
Hf = V / 2g
2

= 0.03 m

Sistem Distribusi Influen

MANIFOLD
D manifold
Jarak manifold - dinding
L manifold = panjang bak
Headloss di manifold
= D pipa inlet
= 0.05 m
= 0.75 m

1,85
 Q 
Hf   2, 63 
 L manifold
 0,00155 C  D 
Hf = 0.032 m

LATERAL
Jarak antar lateral = 0.20 m
Jarak lateral - dinding = 0.05 m
Panjang lateral = ((Lebar reaktor - D manifold)/2) - jarak lateral ke dinding
= 0.14 m
Diameter lateral = 0.0125 m = 1.25 cm
Jumlah lateral

 P pipa manifold 
n     2
 d  jarak antar pipa lateral 
n = 7.06 = 7.00 buah
Q tiap lateral = Q / jumlah lateral
= 0.054 l/detik = 0.000054 m3/detik
A lateral = 1/4 π D2
= 0.00012 m2
V lateral = Q/A
= 0.439 m/detik
Hf = 0.00469 m
ORIFICE
Diameter orifice
Jarak antar orifice
Jumlah orifice tiap lateral
Q tiap orifice
A tiap lubang orifice
= 0.005 m
= 0.05 m
= P lateral / (D orifice + jarak tiap orifice)
= 2.50 buah = 3 buah
= Q / jumlah orifice
= 0.126 l/detik = 0.000126 m3/detik
= 1/4 π D 2

= 0.00002 m2

Zona Outlet
saluran outletnya menggunakan pipa yang akan menghubungkan langsung dengan saluran inlet BP II
V asumsi = 0.8 m/detik
A = Q / V asumsi = 0.0005 m2
A = 1/4 π D2
Diameter = (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.024 m
= 25 mm
V cek = Q/A
= 0.77 m/detik OK
Hf = V / 2g
2

= 0.03 m
kit (Metcalf n Eddy, 1991)

fd
(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)

(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)

(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)

 (tergantung spesifikasi)

iomassa C 60H87O23N12P
ran inlet BP II
DESAIN AEROBIK BIOFILTER

# Kriteria Desain
Organik Loading = 3-4 kg BOD/m3.hari
COD Loading = 10 - 12 kg COD/m3.hari
Hidrolik Loading = 5-6 m3/m2.jam
Kedalaman Bak = 0,9 - 1,8 m

# Karakteristik Influen
Q ave = 32.54 m3/hari
Jumlah ABF rencana = 1 unit
Q desain = 32.54 m3/hari
1.36 m3/jam = 0.377 l/detik
COD = 500.00 mg/l
BOD = 300.00 mg/l
TSS = 122.00 mg/l
NH3 - N = 0.34 mg/l
PO4 - P = 3.41 mg/l
T = 28 oC

~ Direncanakan
Hidrolik Loading Rate (HL) = 5 m3/m2.jam
COD Loading = 12 kg COD/m3.hari
COD efluen yg diharapkan = 50 mg/l
Rasio BOD5 / BODU = 0.68
Rasio BOD5 / COD = 0.5 utk limbah rumah sakit (Metcalf n Eddy, 1991)
TSS mengandung 80% bahan biodegardable (Metcalf n Eddy, 2003)
1 gr biodegradable = 1.42 gr BODu

~ Perhitungan dimensi
As = Q / HL
= 0.27 m2 ~ 0.30 m2
As = PxL P:L=2:1
= 2L2
L = (As/2)^0,5
= 0.37 m ~ 0.40 m2
P = 2xL
= 0.80 m
Cek HL
HL = Q / As
= 4.24 m3/m2.jam OK

COD removal = (COD in - COD ef) x Q

= 14.64 kg/hr
Volume = COD removal
 COD loading
= 1.22 m3
Kedalaman bak (H) = Volume
As
= 3.81 m
BOD5 efluen (S) = (Rasio BOD5 / COD) x COD efluen
= 25.0 mg/l

Dimensi Aerobik Biofilter

panjang = 0.80 m
lebar = 0.40 m
kedalaman media = 3.81 m
kedalaman air di atas med = 0.20 m
kedalaman air di bwh med = 0.30 m
freeboard = 0.20 m

Produksi Lumpur
~ Direncanakan
Koefisien ? (f) = 0.01 l / mg tipikal (0,006 - 0,01)
Ketebalan lapisan film (h) = 0.3 cm tipikal (0,1 - 0,5)
Maksimum removal rate (Ko = 0.3 mg/l.detik tipikal (0,2 - 0,3)
Konstanta 1/2 reaksi (Km) = 10 mg/l tipikal (0,1 - 10)
Koefisien decay (Kd) = 0.06 /hari
BOD5 influen (So) = 300.00 mg/l
BOD5 efluen (S) = 25.0 mg/l
A spesific = 100.00 m2 (Metcalf n Eddy, 2003)

~ Perhitungan
Massa BOD5 removal

f h Ko So 2 As
M 
Km  So

M = 22.58 kg/m3.hari
Removal substrat netto
M' = M - Kd (So - S)
M' = 6.08 kg/m3.hari
Y obs = M' = 0.27
M
Biomassa yang dibuang ke BP II (Px)
Px = Y obs x Q x (So-S)
= 2.41 kg/hari
Massa lumpur dari biodegradable TSS
Massa TSS in = TSS in x Q
= 3.97 kg/hari
Biodegradable TSS = 80 % x Massa TSS x konversi ke BOD5
 = 3.07 kg/hari
Lumpur TSS inert = Massa TSS in - Biodegradable TSS
= 0.90 kg/hari
Konsentrasi TSS efluen = 27.76 mg/l
Total lumpur yang mengalir ke BP II
Total lumpur = Px + lumpur TSS inert
= 3.31 kg/hari

Kebutuhan Udara
berat udara = 1.201 kg/m3
O2 dlm udara = 21 %
Keb. oksigen teoritis = 9.74 kg O2/hari

Q  (So  S)
O2   Px  1,42
BOD5
BODu

~ Direncanakan
* Kelarutan oksigen di tangki aerasi (C'sw) = 7.81 mg/l (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003
(suhu 28oC)
* Kelarutan oksigen dlm air bersih pada suhu = 9.08 mg/l (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003
standard 20 oC (Csw)
* Jumlah minimum dissolved oxygen yang harus = 2
tersedia dalam tangki aerasi (C)
* Faktor tekanan salinitas permukaan (β) = 0.95
* Faktor koreksi transfer oksigen untuk air buangan (α) = 0.8
* Faktor koreksi kelarutan oksigen untuk = 0.99989 (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003
perbedaan ketinggian (Fa)

~ Perhitungan
SOR = 16.88 kg/hari

N
SOR 
 (c' sw . β. Fa - c) 
α  1,024  T - 20  
 csw 

Keb. udara = SOR

(berat udara x O2 dalam udara)
= 66.91 m3 udara/hari
Effisiensi difusi udara = 8% (Qasim, 1985)
Keb. udara teoritis = Kebutuhan udara / effs difusi udara
= 836.38 m3/hari
Keb. udara Total = Kebutuhan udara teoritis x 1.5
= 836.38 m3/hari x 1.5
= 1,254.57 m /hari
3

= 52.27 m3/jam
Keb. udara tiap reaktor
Vol. Udara per kg BOD5
teremoval
Vol. suplai udara per m3
air limbah
Vol. suplai udara per m3
volume tangki
Dimensi dan jumlah diffuser yang diperlukan :
Kemampuan diffuser
Jumlah diffuser
= Kebutuhan udara total / jumlah unit reaktor
= 1,254.57 m3/hr
= 0.87 m3/mnt
= Kebutuhan udara total
(So - S) x Q desain
= 140.20 m3/kg
= Kebutuhan udara total
Q desain
= 38.55 m3/m3
= Kebutuhan udara total
volume reaktor
= 1028.12 m3/m3.hari
= 6.00 m3/jam (tergantung spesifikasi)
= Kebutuhan udara total
Kapasitas diffuser
= 8.71 unit

Kebutuhan Nutrien
Penentuan kebutuhan nutrien dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus molekul utk sel biomassa C 60H87O23N12P
Nutrien tersedia :
Nitrogen = NH3 - N x Q
= 0.01 kg/hari
Fosfor = PO4 - P x Q
= 0.11 kg/hari
Kebutuhan nutrien berdasarkan rumus molekul sel
C60H87O23N12P
%N = 12.22%
%P = 2.23%
Kebutuhan nitrogen = % N x Produksi biomassa (Px)
= 0.29 kg/hari
Tambahan N = Kebutuhan nitrogen - nitrogen tersedia
= 0.28 kg/hari
Kebutuhan fosfor = % P x Produksi biomassa (Px)
= 0.05 kg/hari
fosfor yang tersedia sudah mencukupi kebutuhan fosfor
untuk mencukupi kebutuhan nitrogen, digunakan CO(NH 2) atau urea sebagai sumber nutrien
kandungan nitrogen dalam urea + sebesar 46%
Kebutuhan urea = 100 / 46 x tambahan N
= 0.63 kg/hari
Kandungan N dan P dalam efluen aerobik biofilter
Kandungan N = 0.00 mg/l
Kandungan P = 0.00 mg/l

Zona Inlet
V asumsi = 0.8 m/detik
A = Q / V asumsi = 0.0005 m2
A = 1/4 π D2
Diameter = (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.024 m
= 25 mm = 2.5 cm
V cek = Q/A
= 0.77 m/detik OK
Hf = V / 2g
2

= 0.03 m

Sistem Distribusi Influen

MANIFOLD
D manifold
Jarak manifold - dinding
L manifold = panjang bak
Headloss di manifold
= D pipa inlet
= 0.05 m
= 0.75 m

1,85
 Q 
Hf   2 , 63 
 L manifold
 0,00155 C  D 
Hf = 0.032 m

LATERAL
Jarak antar lateral = 0.20 m
Jarak lateral - dinding = 0.05 m
Panjang lateral = ((Lebar reaktor - D manifold)/2) - jarak lateral ke dinding
= 0.14 m
Diameter lateral = 0.0125 m = 1.25 cm
Jumlah lateral

 P pipa manifold 
n     2
 d  jarak antar pipa lateral 
n = 7.06 = 7.00 buah
Q tiap lateral = Q / jumlah lateral
= 0.054 l/detik = 0.000054 m3/detik
A lateral = 1/4 π D2
= 0.00012 m2
V lateral = Q/A
= 0.439 m/detik
Hf = 0.00469 m

ORIFICE
Diameter orifice = 0.005 m
Jarak antar orifice = 0.05 m
Jumlah orifice tiap lateral
Q tiap orifice
A tiap lubang orifice
= P lateral / (D orifice + jarak tiap orifice)
= 2.50 buah = 3 buah
= Q / jumlah orifice
= 0.126 l/detik = 0.000126 m3/detik
= 1/4 π D2
= 0.00002 m2

Zona Outlet
saluran outletnya menggunakan pipa yang akan menghubungkan langsung dengan saluran inlet BP II
V asumsi = 0.8 m/detik
A = Q / V asumsi = 0.0005 m2
A = 1/4 π D2
Diameter = (4 . A / p)1/2
= 0.024 m
= 25 mm
V cek = Q/A
= 0.77 m/detik OK
Hf = V / 2g
2

= 0.03 m
 MASIH DI WORD, BELUM DIMASUKKAN ANGKANYA

kit (Metcalf n Eddy, 1991)

fd
(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)

(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003)

(Metcalf and Eddy, 2003) 1-(1/9450)

 (tergantung spesifikasi)

massa C 60H87O23N12P