$ERXWWKLVPDQXDO
Document No: 1MRK 506 073-UEN
Issued: June 2004
Revision: A
:(5(6(59($//5,*+76727+,6'2&80(17(9(1,17+((9(177+$7$3$7(17,6
,668('$1'$',))(5(17&200(5&,$/35235,(7$5<5,*+7,65(*,67(5(',03523(5
86(,13$57,&8/$55(352'8&7,21$1'',66(0,1$7,21727+,5'3$57,(6,6127
3(50,77('
7+,6'2&80(17+$6%((1&$5()8//<&+(&.('+2:(9(5,1&$6($1<(55256$5(
'(7(&7('7+(5($'(5,6.,1'/<5(48(67('72127,)<7+(0$18)$&785(5$77+(
$''5(66%(/2:
7+('$7$&217$,1(',17+,60$18$/,6,17(1'('62/(/<)257+(&21&(3725
352'8&7'(6&5,37,21$1',612772%('((0('72%($67$7(0(172)*8$5$1
7(('3523(57,(6,17+(,17(5(6762)285&86720(56:(&2167$17/<6((.72
(1685(7+$7285352'8&76$5('(9(/23('727+(/$7(677(&+12/2*,&$/67$1
'$5'6$6$5(68/7,7,63266,%/(7+$77+(5(0$<%(620(',))(5(1&(6%(7:((1
7+(+:6:352'8&7$1'7+,6,1)250$7,21352'8&7
,QGXVWULDO,7
Industrial IT enabled products from ABB are the building blocks for greater productivity, featuring all the
tools necessary for lifecycle product support in consistent electronic form.
0DQXIDFWXUHU
ABB Automation Technologies AB
Substation Automation
SE-721 59 Västerås
Sweden
Telephone: +46 (0) 21 34 20 00
Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18
Internet: www.abb.com/substationautomation
&RQWHQWV
&KDSWHU 3DJH
&KDSWHU *HQHUDO
&KDSWHU ,QWURGXFWLRQ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter introduces you to the manual as such.
1
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
,QWURGXFWLRQWRWKHWHFKQLFDOUHIHUHQFHPDQXDO
$ERXWWKHFRPSOHWHVHWRIPDQXDOVIRUDWHUPLQDO
The complete package of manuals to a terminal is named users manual (UM). The 8V
HUVPDQXDO consists of four different manuals:
en01000044.vsd
2
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
$SSOLFDWLRQ
States the most important reasons for the implementation of a particular protection
function.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\'HVLJQ
Presents the general concept of a function.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
Each function block is imaged by a graphical symbol.
Input signals are always on the left side, and output signals on the right side. Settings
are not displayed. A special kind of settings are sometimes available. These are sup-
posed to be connected to constants in the configuration scheme, and are therefore de-
picted as inputs. Such signals will be found in the signal list but described in the settings
table.
789
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR STL1
VTSU STL2
STL3
START
xx00000207.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNV\PEROH[DPSOH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
The description of the design is chiefly based on simplified logic diagrams, which use
IEC symbols, for the presentation of different functions, conditions etc. The functions
are presented as a closed block with the most important internal logic circuits and con-
figurable functional inputs and outputs.
3
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
TUV--BLKTR
TUV--BLOCK
TUV--VTSU >1
TRIP - cont.
STUL1 &
t 15 ms
TUV--TRIP
& t t
STUL2 & >1
15 ms
TUV--START
t
STUL3 & 15 ms
TUV--STL1
t
Operation = On 15 ms
TUV--STL2
t
15 ms
TUV--STL3
t
xx01000170.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPH[DPSOH
The names of the configurable logic signals consist of two parts divided by dashes. The
first part consists of up to four letters and presents the abbreviated name for the corre-
sponding function. The second part presents the functionality of the particular signal.
According to this explanation, the meaning of the signal TUV--BLKTR is as follows.
• The first part of the signal, TUV- represents the adherence to the Time delayed Un-
der-Voltage function.
• The second part of the signal name, BLKTR informs the user that the signal will
BLocK the TRip from the under-voltage function, when its value is a logical one
(1).
Different binary signals have special symbols with the following significance:
• Signals drawn to the box frame to the left present functional input signals. It is pos-
sible to configure them to functional output signals of other functions as well as to
binary input terminals of the REx 5xx terminal. Examples are TUV--BLKTR,
TUV--BLOCK and TUV--VTSU. Signals in frames with a shaded area on their
right side present the logical setting signals. Their values are high (1) only when the
corresponding setting parameter is set to the symbolic value specified within the
frame. Example is the signal Operation = On. These signals are not configurable.
Their logical values correspond automatically to the selected setting value.The in-
ternal signals are usually dedicated to a certain function. They are normally not
4
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
available for configuration purposes. Examples are signals STUL1, STUL2 and
STUL3.The functional output signals, drawn to the box frame to the right, present
the logical outputs of functions and are available for configuration purposes. The
user can configure them to binary outputs from the terminal or to inputs of different
functions. Typical examples are signals TUV--TRIP, TUV--START etc.
Other internal signals configurated to other function blocks are written on a line with an
identity and a cont. reference. An example is the signal TRIP - cont. The signal can be
found in the corresponding function with the same identity.
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
The signal lists contain all available input and output signals of the function block, one
table for input signals and one for output signals.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
The setting parameters table contains all available settings of the function block. If a
function consists of more than one block, each block is listed in a separate table.
5
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHWLPHGHOD\HGXQGHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ789
789 IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
The technical data specifies the terminal in general, the functions and the hardware
modules.
,QWHQGHGDXGLHQFH
*HQHUDO
The technical reference manual is addressing the system engineer, installation and com-
missioning personnel, who use technical data during the engineering phase, installation
and commissioning phase and during the normal service phase.
5HTXLUHPHQWV
The system engineer must have a good knowledge about protection systems, protection
equipment, protection functions and the configured functional logics in the protections.
The installation and commissioning personnel must have a basic knowledge in handling
electronic equipment.
5HODWHGGRFXPHQWV
6
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
5HYLVLRQQRWHV
5HYLVLRQ 'HVFULSWLRQ
$FURQ\PVDQGDEEUHYLDWLRQV
$&
$'FRQYHUWHU Analog to Digital converter
$'%6 Amplitude dead-band supervision
$,0 Analog input module
$16, American National Standards Institute
$6&7 Auxiliary summation current transformer
$6' Adaptive Signal Detection
$:* American Wire Gauge standard
%,0 Binary input module
%20 Binary output module
%5 External bi-stable relay
%6 British Standard
%65 Binary signal transfer function, receiver blocks
%67 Binary signal transfer function, transmit blocks
&
&$1 Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial com-
munication
&$3 Configuration and programming tool
&% Circuit breaker
&%0 Combined backplane module
&&,77 Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telepho-
ny. A United Nations sponsored standards body within the Interna-
tional Telecommunications Union.
&(0 Controller area network emulation module
&,0 Communication interface module
7
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
8
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
* Electrical and functional description for digital lines used by local
telephone companies. Can be transported over balanced and un-
balanced lines
* Standard for pulse code modulation of analog signals on digital
lines
*&0 Communication interface module with carrier of GPS receiver mod-
ule
*, General interrogation command
*,6 Gas insulated switchgear.
*36 Global positioning system
+'/&SURWRFRO High level data link control, protocol based on the HDLC standard
+)%5FRQQHFWRUW\SH
+0, Human-Machine Interface
+6$5 High-Speed Auto-Reclosing
+9 High voltage
+9'& High voltage direct current
,'%6 Integrating dead-band supervision
,(& International Electrical Committee
,(&$
,(& IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements for
protective current transformers for transient performance
,(& Communication standard for protective equipment. A serial master/
slave protocol for point-to-point communication
,((( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
,((( A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twist-
ed-pair or optical fiber cable
,(((3 PCI Mezzanine Card (PMC) standard for local bus modules. Refer-
ences the CMC (IEEE P1386, also known as Common Mezzanine
Card) standard for the mechanics and the PCI specifications from
the PCI SIG (Special Interest Group) for the electrical
(0) Electro magnetic force
,(' Intelligent electronic device
,*,6 Intelligent gas insulated switchgear
,20 Binary Input/Output module
,3
,3
9
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
10
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
5$'66
5$6& Synchrocheck relay, COMBIFLEX
5&$ Relay characteristic angle
5(9$/ Evaluation software
5)33 Resistance for phase-to-phase faults
5)3( Resistance for phase-to-earth faults
5,6& Reduced instruction set computer
506YDOXH Root mean square value
56 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in
point-to-point connections
56 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485
56 A generic connector specification that can be used to support
RS422, V.35 and X.21 and others
578 Remote terminal unit
57&
6$ Substation Automation
6& Switch or push-button to close
6&6 Station control system
6/0 Serial communication module. Used for SPA/LON/IEC communi-
cation
60$FRQQHFWRU
606 Station monitoring system
63$ Strömberg Protection Acquisition, a serial master/slave protocol for
point-to-point communication
65< Switch for CB ready condition
67 Switch or push-button to trip
69& Static VAr compensation
7&6 Trip circuit supervision
71&FRQQHFWRU
73=73<73;736 Current transformer class according to IEC
8,3,6$ Process interface components that delivers measured voltage and
current values
87& Coordinated Universal Time. A coordinated time scale, maintained
by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), which
forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard fre-
quencies and time signals
11
Introduction to the technical reference &KDSWHU
manual ,QWURGXFWLRQ
12
About this chapter &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
&KDSWHU *HQHUDO
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the terminal in general.
13
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
7HUPLQDOLGHQWLILFDWLRQUDWHGDQGEDVHYDOXHV
*HQHUDOWHUPLQDOSDUDPHWHUV
Use the terminal identifiers to name the individual terminal for identification purposes.
Use the terminal reports to check serial numbers of the terminal and installed modules
and to check the firmware version.
Identifiers and reports are accessible by using the HMI as well as by SMS or SCS sys-
tems.
7DEOH 6HWSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHJHQHUDOWHUPLQDOSDUDPHWHUVIXQFWLRQ
Station Name 0-16 Station char Identity name for the station
Name
Object Name 0-16 Object char Identity name for the protected
Name object
Unit Name 0-16 Unit Name char Identity name for the terminal
%DVLFSURWHFWLRQSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/AnalogInputs/General
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRU$QDORJ,QSXWV*HQHUDO
In = bus side
14
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
7DEOH 5DWHG9ROWDJHV
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
*) Setting can be done through the local HMI only. The setting should normally not be changed
by the user. The setting is factory preset and depends on the selected transformer input mod-
ule.
15
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
7DEOH $QDORJ,QSXWV9ROWDJH
Step:0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
16
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7DEOH 5DWHG&XUUHQWV
Step:
0.0001
Step:
0.0001
Step:
0.0001
Step:
0.0001
17
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
Step:
0.0001
Step:
0.0001
*) Setting can be done through the local HMI only. The setting should normally not be changed
by the user. The setting is factory preset and depends on the selected transformer input mod-
ule.
7DEOH $QDORJ,QSXWV&XUUHQW
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.1
Step:0.001
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
18
Terminal identification rated and base &KDSWHU
values *HQHUDO
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
7DEOH /DEHOVIRUVHUYLFHYDOXHV
&DOHQGDUDQGFORFN
7DEOH &DOHQGDUDQGFORFN
3DUDPHWHU 5DQJH
19
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
&DVHGLPHQVLRQV
3DQHOFXWRXWVIRU5([VHULHVVLQJOHFDVH
C
A
G
E F
D
xx02000666.vsd
xx02000665.vsd
&XWRXWGLPHQVLRQV PP
C = 4-10 mm
D = 16.5 mm
20
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
E = 187.6 mm without rear protection cover, 228.6 mm with rear protection cover
F = 106.5 mm
G = 97.6 mm without rear protection cover, 138.6 mm with rear protection cover
The flush mounting kits are available in three designs, suitable for 1/2, 3/4 or full width
terminals and consists of four fasteners (4) with appropriate mounting details and a seal-
ing strip (1) for fastening to the terminal (5).
The semiflush mounting kit adds a distance frame (2) and an additional sealing strip (3).
To receive IP54 class protection, an additional sealing must be ordered with the termi-
nal. This sealing is factory mounted.
2
1
5
6
xx00000129.eps
)LJXUH 7KHIOXVKPRXQWLQJNLW
21
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
'LPHQVLRQVZDOOPRXQWLQJ
80 mm
xx02000653.vsd
B Screws M6 or
E corresponding
C
D
en02000654.vsd
)LJXUH :DOOPRXQWLQJ
22
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
:HLJKW
7DEOH :HLJKW
&DVHVL]H :HLJKW
8QLW
7DEOH &DVH
Front plate Steel sheet profile with cut-out for HMI and for 18 LED when included
Degree of protection Front side: IP40, optional IP54 with sealing strip. Rear side: IP20
3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ
7DEOH 3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQEDVLFWHUPLQDO
6L]HRIWHUPLQDO 7\SLFDOYDOXH
23
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
(QYLURQPHQWDOSURSHUWLHV
7DEOH 7HPSHUDWXUHDQGKXPLGLW\LQIOXHQFH
7DEOH $X[LOLDU\'&VXSSO\YROWDJHLQIOXHQFHRQIXQFWLRQDOLW\GXULQJRSHUD
WLRQ
7DEOH )UHTXHQF\LQIOXHQFH
fr ±10% for 50 Hz
fr ±10% for 60 Hz
24
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
7DEOH (OHFWURPDJQHWLFFRPSDWLELOLW\
For short range galvanic modem 2.5kV IEC 60255-22-1, Class III
Electrostatic discharge
Contact 6 kV
For short range galvanic modem Air 8 kV IEC 60255-22-2, Class III
Contact 6 kV
high energy
50 Hz
Power frequency magnetic field test 1000 A/m, 3s IEC 61000-4-8, Class V
25
Technical data &KDSWHU
*HQHUDO
7DEOH ,QVXODWLRQ
7DEOH &(FRPSOLDQFH
7HVW $FFRUGLQJWR
Immunity EN 61000-6-2
Emissivity EN 61000-6-4
7DEOH 0HFKDQLFDOWHVWV
26
About this chapter &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
&KDSWHU &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter presents the common functions in the terminal.
27
Real-time clock with external time &KDSWHU
synchronization (TIME) &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
5HDOWLPHFORFNZLWKH[WHUQDOWLPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQ
7,0(
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the time synchronization source selector to select a common source of absolute
time for the terminal when it is a part of a protection system. This makes comparison of
events and disturbance data between all terminals in a SA system possible.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TIME-
7,0(
MINSYNC RTCERR
SYNCSRC SYNCERR
xx00000171.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH7,0( 7,0( IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/Time
28
Real-time clock with external time &KDSWHU
synchronization (TIME) &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHWLPHV\QFKURQL]DWLRQVRXUFHVHOHFWRUIXQF
WLRQ
1: LON bus
2: SPA bus
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7,0(7LPHV\QFKURQLVDWLRQ
)XQFWLRQ $FFXUDF\
29
Four parameter setting groups (GRP) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
)RXUSDUDPHWHUVHWWLQJJURXSV *53
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the four sets of settings to optimize the terminals operation for different system
conditions. By creating and switching between fine tuned setting sets, either from the
human-machine interface or configurable binary inputs, results in a highly adaptable
terminal that can cope with a variety of system scenarios.
/RJLFGLDJUDP
ACTIVATE GR OU P 4
ACTIVATE GR OU P 3
ACTIVATE GR OU P 2
+R L2 ACTIVATE GR OU P 1
IO x-Bly1 GR P--ACTGR P1
IO x-Bly2
GR P--ACTGR P2
IO x-Bly3 GR P--ACTGR P3
IO x-Bly4 GR P--ACTGR P4
en01000144.vsd
)LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQRIWKHIXQFWLRQWRH[WHUQDOFLUFXLWV
)XQFWLRQEORFN
GRP--
$&7,9(*5283
ACTGRP1 GRP1
ACTGRP2 GRP2
ACTGRP3 GRP3
ACTGRP4 GRP4
xx00000153.vsd
30
Four parameter setting groups (GRP) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH$&7,9(*5283 *53 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
31
Setting restriction of HMI (SRH) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6HWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQRI+0, 65+
1RWH
7KH+0,%/2&.6(7IXQFWLRQDOLQSXWPXVWEHFRQILJXUHGWRWKHVHOHFWHGELQDU\LQSXW
EHIRUHVHWWLQJWKHVHWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQIXQFWLRQLQRSHUDWLRQ&DUHIXOO\UHDGWKHLQVWUXF
WLRQV
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the setting restriction function to prevent unauthorized setting changes and to con-
trol when setting changes are allowed. Unpermitted or uncoordinated changes by unau-
thorized personnel may influence the security of people and cause severe damage to
primary and secondary power circuits.
By adding a key switch connected to a binary input a simple setting change control cir-
cuit can be built simply allowing only authorized keyholders to make setting changes
from the local HMI.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The restriction of setting via the local HMI can be activated from the local HMI only.
Activating the local HMI setting restriction prevent unauthorized changes of the termi-
nal settings or configuration.
The HMI-BLOCKSET functional input can be configured only to one of the available
binary inputs of the terminal. The terminal is delivered with the default configuration
HMI--BLOCKSET connected to NONE-NOSIGNAL. The configuration can be made
from the local HMI only, see the Installation and comissioning manual.
The function permits remote changes of settings and reconfiguration through the serial
communication ports. The restriction of setting from remote can be activated from the
local HMI only. Refer to section 2.4.3 "Setting parameters" for SPA communication pa-
rameters.
All other functions of the local human-machine communication remain intact. This
means that an operator can read disturbance reports, setting values, the configuration of
different logic circuits and other available information.
32
Setting restriction of HMI (SRH) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
/RJLFGLDJUDP
RE x 5xx
+
HMI--BLOCKSE T
SW ITC H
W ITH K EY &
SettingRestrict=Block RESTRIC T
SETTING S
en01000152.vsd
)LJXUH &RQQHFWLRQDQGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUWKH%/2&.6(7IXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHVHWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQRI+0,IXQFWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/LocalHMI/SettingRestrict
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHVHWWLQJUHVWULFWLRQRI+0,IXQFWLRQ
33
I/O system configurator (IOP) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
,2V\VWHPFRQILJXUDWRU ,23
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The I/O system configurator must be used in order for the terminal’s software to recog-
nize added modules and to create internal address mappings between modules and pro-
tections and other functions.
/RJLFGLDJUDP
IOP1- IO01-
I/OPosition I/O-module
)LJXUH ([DPSOHRIDQ,2FRQILJXUDWLRQLQWKHJUDSKLFDOWRRO&$3IRUD5([
[[ZLWKWZR%,0V
34
I/O system configurator (IOP) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
)XQFWLRQEORFN
IOP1-
,2326,7,21
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
S20
S21
S22
S23
S24
S25
S26
S27
S28
S29
S30
S32
S33
S34
S35
S36
S37
S39
xx00000238.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH,2326,7,21 ,23Q IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
35
Self supervision with internal event &KDSWHU
recorder (INT) &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6HOIVXSHUYLVLRQZLWKLQWHUQDOHYHQWUHFRUGHU ,17
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the local HMI, SMS or SCS to view the status of the self-supervision function. The
self-supervision operates continuously and includes:
)XQFWLRQEORFN
INT--
,17(516,*1$/6
FAIL
WARNING
CPUFAIL
CPUWARN
ADC
SETCHGD
xx00000169.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
Path in local HMI: ServiceReport/Functions/InternSignals
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
36
Self supervision with internal event &KDSWHU
recorder (INT) &RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ,QWHUQDOHYHQWOLVW
'DWD 9DOXH
37
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
&RQILJXUDEOHORJLFEORFNV &/
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The user can with the available logic function blocks build logic functions and config-
ure the terminal to meet application specific requirements.
Different protection, control, and monitoring functions within the REx 5xx terminals
are quite independent as far as their configuration in the terminal is concerned. The user
can not change the basic algorithms for different functions. But these functions com-
bined with the logic function blocks can be used to create application specific function-
ality.
Additional configurable logic means that an extended number of logic circuits are avail-
able. Also Move function blocks (MOF, MOL), used for synchronization of boolean
signals sent between logics with slow and fast execution, are among the additional con-
figurable logic circuits.
IV01-
,19
INPUT OUT
xx00000158.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
38
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
25IXQFWLRQEORFN 25
The OR function is used to form general combinatory expressions with boolean vari-
ables. The OR function block has six inputs and two outputs. One of the outputs is in-
verted.
O001-
25
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
xx00000159.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
39
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
A001-
$1'
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
INPUT3
INPUT4N
xx00000160.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7LPHUIXQFWLRQEORFN 70
The function block TM timer has drop-out and pick-up delayed outputs related to the
input signal. The timer has a settable time delay (parameter T).
TM01-
7,0(5
INPUT OFF
T ON
xx00000161.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
40
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH7LPHU 70QQ IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.010
7LPHUORQJIXQFWLRQEORFN 7/
The function block TL timer with extended maximum time delay at pick-up and at drop-
out, is identical with the TM timer. The difference is the longer time delay.
TL01-
7,0(5/21*
INPUT OFF
T ON
xx00000162.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
41
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH7LPHU/RQJ 7/QQ IXQFWLRQ
3XOVHWLPHUIXQFWLRQEORFN 73
The pulse function can be used, for example, for pulse extensions or limiting of opera-
tion of outputs. The pulse timer TP has a settable length.
TP01-
38/6(
INPUT OUT
T
xx00000163.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
42
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH3XOVH 73QQ IXQFWLRQ
Step:0.010
([WHQGHGOHQJWKSXOVHIXQFWLRQEORFN 74
The function block TQ pulse timer with extended maximum pulse length, is identical
with the TP pulse timer. The difference is the longer pulse length.
TQ01-
38/6(/21*
INPUT OUT
T
xx00000164.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH3XOVH/RQJ 74QQ IXQFWLRQ
43
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
([FOXVLYH25IXQFWLRQEORFN ;2
The exclusive OR function XOR is used to generate combinatory expressions with
boolean variables. The function block XOR has two inputs and two outputs. One of the
outputs is inverted. The output signal is 1 if the input signals are different and 0 if they
are equal.
XO01-
;25
INPUT1 OUT
INPUT2 NOUT
xx00000165.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWUHVHWIXQFWLRQEORFN 65
The Set-Reset (SR) function is a flip-flop that can set or reset an output from two inputs
respectively. Each SR function block has two outputs, where one is inverted.
SR01-
65
SET OUT
RESET NOUT
xx00000166.vsd
44
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWUHVHWZLWKPHPRU\IXQFWLRQEORFN 60
The Set-Reset function SM is a flip-flop with memory that can set or reset an output
from two inputs respectively. Each SM function block has two outputs, where one is
inverted. The memory setting controls if the flip-flop after a power interruption will re-
turn the state it had before or if it will be reset.
SM01-
650
SET OUT
RESET NOUT
xx00000382.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
45
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
&RQWUROODEOHJDWHIXQFWLRQEORFN *7
The GT function block is used for controlling if a signal should be able to pass from the
input to the output or not depending on a setting.
GT01-
*7
INPUT OUT
xx00000380.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/ContrGates1/Gaten
46
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
6HWWDEOHWLPHUIXQFWLRQEORFN 76
The function block TS timer has outputs for delayed input signal at drop-out and at
pick-up. The timer has a settable time delay. It also has an Operation setting On, Off
that controls the operation of the timer.
TS01-
76
INPUT ON
OFF
xx00000381.vsd
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Group1/TimerSet1/TimerSetnn
Step: 0.01
47
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
)XQFWLRQEORFN
MOF1-
029(
INPUT1 OUTPUT1
INPUT2 OUTPUT2
INPUT3 OUTPUT3
INPUT4 OUTPUT4
INPUT5 OUTPUT5
INPUT6 OUTPUT6
INPUT7 OUTPUT7
INPUT8 OUTPUT8
INPUT9 OUTPUT9
INPUT10 OUTPUT10
INPUT11 OUTPUT11
INPUT12 OUTPUT12
INPUT13 OUTPUT13
INPUT14 OUTPUT14
INPUT15 OUTPUT15
INPUT16 OUTPUT16
xx00000167.vsd
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH02)[IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH02)[IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
48
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
MOL1-
029(
INPUT1 OUTPUT1
INPUT2 OUTPUT2
INPUT3 OUTPUT3
INPUT4 OUTPUT4
INPUT5 OUTPUT5
INPUT6 OUTPUT6
INPUT7 OUTPUT7
INPUT8 OUTPUT8
INPUT9 OUTPUT9
INPUT10 OUTPUT10
INPUT11 OUTPUT11
INPUT12 OUTPUT12
INPUT13 OUTPUT13
INPUT14 OUTPUT14
INPUT15 OUTPUT15
INPUT16 OUTPUT16
xx00000168.vsd
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH02/[IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH02/[IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH &/&RQILJXUDEOHEORFNVDVEDVLF
10 ms AND 30 gates
OR 60 gates
INV 20 inverters
SM 20 flip-flops
GT 5 gates
TS 5 timers
200 ms SR 5 flip-flops
XOR 39 gates
49
Configurable logic blocks (CL1) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
7DEOH $YDLODEOHWLPHUIXQFWLRQEORFNVDVEDVLF
7DEOH &/$GGLWLRQDOFRQILJXUDEOHORJLFEORFNV
OR 159 gates
INV 59 inverters
MOF 3 registers
MOL 3 registers
7DEOH $GGLWLRQDOWLPHUIXQFWLRQEORFNV
50
Blocking of signals during test (BST) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
%ORFNLQJRIVLJQDOVGXULQJWHVW %67
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The protection and control terminals have a complex configuration with many included
functions. To make the testing procedure easier, the terminals include the feature to in-
dividually block a single, several or all functions.
This means that it is possible to see when a function is activated or trips. It also enables
the user to follow the operation of several related functions to check correct functional-
ity and to check parts of the configuration etc.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TEST-
7(67
INPUT ACTIVE
en01000074.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH7HVW 7(67 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
51
Blocking of signals during test (BST) &KDSWHU
&RPPRQIXQFWLRQV
52
About this chapter &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
&KDSWHU /LQHGLVWDQFH
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the line impedance functions in the terminal.
53
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
'LVWDQFHSURWHFWLRQ =0
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The ZM distance protection function provides fast and reliable protection for overhead
lines and power cables in all kinds of power networks. For each independent distance
protection zone, full scheme design provides continuous measurement of impedance
separately in three independent phase-to-phase measuring loops as well as in three in-
dependent phase-to-earth measuring loops.
Independent reactive reach setting for phase-to-phase and for phase-to-earth measure-
ment secures high selectivity in networks with different protective relays used for short-
circuit and earth-fault protection.
54
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
jX
Xph-e
Xph-ph
Zline
Rph-ph Rph-e
R
98000062.vmf
Where:
)LJXUH 6FKHPDWLFSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFIRURQHGLVWDQFH
SURWHFWLRQ]RQHLQIRUZDUGGLUHFWLRQ
55
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
jX
Zline
RFPP RFPE
R
xx00000713.vsd
Where:
)LJXUH 6FKHPDWLFSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFIRURQHGLVWDQFH
SURWHFWLRQ]RQHLQIRUZDUGGLUHFWLRQZLWKVLPSOLILHGVHWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
The distance protection zones can operate, independently of each other, in directional
(forward or reverse) or non-directional mode. This makes it suitable, together with dif-
ferent communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex
network configurations, such as double-circuit, parallel lines, multiterminal lines, etc.
Zone one, two and three can issue phase selective signals, such as start and trip.
The additional distance protection zones four and five have the same basic functionality
as zone one to three, but lack the possibility of issuing phase selective output signals.
Distance protection zone five has shorter operating time than other zones, but also high-
er transient overreach. It should generally be used as a check zone together with the
SOTF switch onto fault function or as a time delayed zone with time delay set longer
than 100ms.
56
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Basic distance protection function is generally suitable for use in non-compensated net-
works. A special addition to the basic functions is available optionally for use on series
compensated and adjacent lines where voltage reversals might disturb the correct direc-
tional discrimination of a basic distance protection.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
Separate digital signal processors calculate the impedance as seen for different measur-
ing loops in different distance protection zones. The results are updated each millisec-
ond, separately for all measuring loops and each distance protection zone. Measurement
of the impedance for each loop follows the differential equation, which considers com-
plete line replica impedance, as presented schematically in figure 10.
Xl ∆i( t )
u ( t ) = ( R l + Rf ) ⋅ i ( t ) + ----- ⋅ -----------
ω ∆t
Rl jXl
i(t)
u(t) Rf
98000063.vmf
Where:
Rl = line resistance
Rf = fault resistance
Xl = line reactance
ω = 2πf
f = frequency
)LJXUH 6FKHPDWLFSUHVHQWDWLRQRILPSHGDQFHPHDVXULQJSULQFLSOH
57
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Settings of all line parameters, such as positive sequence resistance and reactance as
well as zero-sequence resistance and reactance, together with expected fault resistance
for phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults, are independent for each zone. The oper-
ating characteristic is thus automatically adjusted to the line characteristic angle, if the
simplified operating characteristic has not been especially requested. The earth-return
compensation factor for the earth-fault measurement is calculated automatically by the
terminal itself.
Voltage polarization for directional measurement uses continuous calculation and up-
dating of the positive sequence voltage for each measuring loop separately. This secures
correct directionality of the protection at different evolving faults within the complex
network configurations. A memory retaining the pre-fault positive-sequence voltage se-
cures reliable directional operation at close-up three-phase faults.
The distance protection function blocks are independent of each other for each zone.
Each function block comprises a number of different functional inputs and outputs,
which are freely configurable to different external functions, logic gates, timers and bi-
nary inputs and outputs. This makes it possible to influence the operation of the com-
plete measuring zone or only its tripping function by the operation of fuse-failure
function, power swing detection function, etc.
)XQFWLRQEORFN]RQH
ZM1--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRL1
VTSZ TRL2
STCND TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
xx00000173.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOHWZRDQGRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
ZM1--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR START
VTSZ STND
STCND
xx00000702.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
58
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
ZM2--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRL1
VTSZ TRL2
STCND TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
xx00000174.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOHWZRDQGRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
ZM2--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR START
VTSZ STND
STCND
xx00000703.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
ZM3--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRL1
VTSZ TRL2
STCND TRL3
START
STL1
STL2
STL3
STND
xx00000175.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOHWZRDQGRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
ZM3--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR START
VTSZ STND
STCND
xx00000704.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJ
59
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQEORFN]RQH
ZM4--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR START
VTSZ STND
STCND
xx00000176.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFN
)XQFWLRQEORFN]RQH
ZM5--
=0
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR START
VTSZ STND
STCND
xx00000177.vsd
)LJXUH =0IXQFWLRQEORFN
60
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
STZMPP-cont.
>1
ZM1--STCND
& STNDL1L2-cont.
ZM1L1L2
STNDL2L3-cont.
ZM1L2L3 &
& STNDL1N-cont.
ZM1L1N
& STNDL2N-cont.
ZM1L2N
STNDL3N-cont.
ZM1L3N &
>1 STNDPE-cont.
>1
ZM1--VTSZ ZM1--STND
>1 &
ZM1--BLOCK
BLK-cont.
99000557.vsd
)LJXUH &RQGLWLRQLQJE\DJURXSIXQFWLRQDOLQSXWVLJQDO=067&1'
61
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
STNDL1N-cont.
>1
STNDL2N-cont. 15 ms
& t ZM1--STL1
STNDL3N-cont.
STNDL1L2-cont. >1 15 ms
& t ZM1--STL2
STNDL2L3-cont.
15 ms
STNDL3L1-cont. & t ZM1--STL3
>1
15 ms
& t ZM1--START
>1
BLK-cont.
en00000488.vsd
)LJXUH &RPSRVLWLRQRIVWDUWLQJVLJQDOVLQQRQGLUHFWLRQDORSHUDWLQJPRGH
62
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
STNDL1N-cont.
&
DIRL1N
>1 STZMPE-cont.
STNDL2N-cont. &
&
DIRL2N
STNDL3N-cont. 15 ms
>1 ZM1--STL1
& & t
DIRL3N
STNDL1L2-cont.
& 15 ms
DIRL1L2 >1 ZM1--STL2
& t
STNDL2L3-cont.
&
DIRL2L3 15 ms
>1 ZM1--STL3
STNDL3L1-cont. & t
&
DIRL3L1
>1 STZMPP-cont.
&
BLK-cont.
15 ms
>1 ZM1--START
& t
en00000489.vsd
)LJXUH &RPSRVLWLRQRIVWDUWLQJVLJQDOVLQGLUHFWLRQDORSHUDWLQJPRGH
63
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
en00000490.vsd
)LJXUH 7ULSSLQJORJLFIRUWKHGLVWDQFHSURWHFWLRQ]RQHRQH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV]RQH
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH=0 =0 =0 =0 =0 =0 IXQFWLRQ
EORFNV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
64
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV]RQH
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH=0 =0 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
65
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV]RQH
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH=0 =0 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVJHQHUDO
Setting parameters for the resistive and the reactive reach are presented for the terminals
with rated current Ir = 1A. All impedance values should be divided by 5 for the termi-
nals with rated current Ir = 5A.
66
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
7DEOH *HQHUDOVHWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV=0=0
Step: 1
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV]RQH
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/Zone1-3
67
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
68
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV]RQH
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/Zone4
69
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.01
70
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.01
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV]RQH
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/Zone5
71
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.01
72
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.01
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVVLPSOLILHGLPSHGDQFHVHWWLQJV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Grupn//Impedance/Zonen
7DEOH 6LPSOLILHGVHWWLQJV=0=0
Step:
0.01
Step:
0.01
Step:
0.01
Timer t3
Timer t4
Timer t5
73
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
t5
Step:
0.01
Step:
0.01
Step:
0.01
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVGLUHFWLRQDOPHDVXULQJHOHPHQW
Setting parameters for the resistive and the reactive reach are presented for the terminals
with rated current Ir = 1A. All impedance values should be divided by 5 for the termi-
nals with rated current Ir = 5A.
7DEOH *HQHUDOVHWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV=',5
74
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUVHULHVFRPSHQVDWHGQHWZRUN
SeriesComp
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH =0=RQHLPSHGDQFHPHDVXULQJHOHPHQWV
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
75
Distance protection (ZM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
76
High speed protection (HS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
+LJKVSHHGSURWHFWLRQ +6
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The high speed protection, HS, is used when high demand on short operating time is
required for the system to avoid its instability. The protection function includes two
high speed protection zones (underreaching and overreaching), high speed phase selec-
tion and associated scheme communication logic.
The function is also directly applicable for application on series compensated and adja-
cent lines, because the basic measuring algorithm secures in high extent insensitivity for
the transients and voltage reversals in such applications.
The high speed protection is generally used in combination with ZM distance protection
function. The combination of two parallel operating measuring algorithms enables high
speed operation combined with small dynamic overreach and high security.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
During the first half cycle after the fault inception, the measuring quantities contain
generally a great amount of transients. Protection functions with operating times less
than one cycle have to evaluate the information during this short time, which in return
does not allow a high degree of filtering due to possible required time delays. So, a high
speed underreaching zone will naturally not have the same degree of security and small
dynamic overreach as a conventional distance protection zone.
Two independent high speed protection zones are available. The underreaching zone is
generally used for direct tripping of the associated circuit breaker(s). It can also be used
as a carrier sending zone when permissive communication schemes are applied. The
overreaching zone is used only for the teleprotection purposes; it serves as a carrier send
zone in permissive overreaching schemes and as a local permissive zone in all permis-
sive applications.
A built-in high speed phase selection functionality secures reliable phase selectivity for
different types of faults. It also provides the necessary information to the built-in
scheme communication logic.
A built-in scheme communication logic provides possibilities for phase segregated tele-
protection schemes, securing this way phase selective tripping for all types and posi-
tions of faults on lines within complex network configurations.
77
High speed protection (HS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
|U|
|I|
99000041.vsd
)LJXUH +6EDVLFRSHUDWLQJFKDUDFWHULVWLF
)XQFWLRQEORFN
HS---
+6
BLOCK TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
CSL1
CSL2
CSL3
CSMPH
xx00000178.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH+6 +6 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
78
High speed protection (HS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/HighSpeed
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
79
High speed protection (HS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH +6+LJKVSHHGPHDVXULQJHOHPHQWV
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
80
High speed protection (HS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
81
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
$XWRPDWLFVZLWFKRQWRIDXOWORJLF 627)
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the SOTFswitch-on-to-fault function is to provide high-speed trip-
ping when energizing a power line on to a short-circuit fault on the line.
Automatic initiating of the SOTF function using dead line detection can only be used
when the potential transformer is situated on the line-side of the circuit breaker. Initia-
tion using dead line detection is highly recommended for busbar configurations where
more than one circuit breaker at one line end can energize the protected line.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The SOTF function is a logical function built-up from logical elements. It is a comple-
mentary function to the distance or overcurrent protection functions.
It is enabled for operation either by the close command to the circuit breaker, by a nor-
mally closed auxiliary contact of the circuit breaker, or automatically by the dead line
detection. Once enabled, this remains active until one second after the enabling signal
has reset. The protection function(s) released for tripping during the activated time can
be freely selected from the functions included within the terminal. Pickup of any one of
the selected protection functions during the enabled condition will result in an immedi-
ate trip output from the SOTF function.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
SOTF-
627)
BLOCK TRIP
NDACC
DLCND
BC
xx00000188.vsd
82
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
S O T F -B C 1000 m s
S O T F -D L C N D 200 m s >1 t
& t 15 m s
S O T F -N D A C C S O T F -T R IP
& t
S O T F -B L O C K &
e n 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 2 .vs d
)LJXUH 627)IXQFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH627) 627) IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/SwitchOntoFlt
83
Automatic switch onto fault logic (SOTF) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHDXWRPDWLFVZLWFKRQWRIDXOWORJLF627)
627) IXQFWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 627)$XWRPDWLFVZLWFKRQWRIDXOWIXQFWLRQ
Delay following dead line detection input before 200 ms +/-0.5% +/-10 ms
SOTF function is automatically enabled
84
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
3KDVHVHOHFWLRQORJLF 3+6
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The PHS phase selection logic function is an independent measuring function. It com-
prises both impedance and current-based measurement criteria. Its main purpose is to
augment the phase selectivity of the complete distance protection in networks with long
and heavily loaded lines. It is generally intended for use in directly earthed networks,
where correct and reliable phase selection for single-phase-to-earth faults, combined
with single-pole tripping and automatic reclosing, secures the stability of complete
power systems.
The independent measurement of impedance in all six fault loops secures a high degree
of phase selectivity in complex networks. This independent phase selection, combined
with directional measurement for each fault loop, also secures selective operation for
simultaneous close-in faults on parallel circuits. Independent reactive reach settings for
phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth measurement secures high selectivity in networks
with different protective relays used for short-circuit and earth-fault protection.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
For the impedance-based phase selection, all six fault loops are measured separately
and continuously. The reactive and resistive reaches are independently settable for
phase-to-phase and phase-to-earth faults. Checks based on the level of residual current
determine which loops, i.e. phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase, are evaluated. Selection
of the faulted phase(s) is determined by which of the selected loops operate. Operation
of a loop occurs when the measured impedance within that loop is within the set bound-
aries of the characteristic. The impedance-based output will activate the selected loop
of the distance protection measuring zone(s) to which the impedance-based phase se-
lection output is connected.
The current-based phase selection is based on the same residual current checks as those
used to select the phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase loops of the impedance-based phase
selection function for evaluation. In this case the current-based output will activate ei-
ther all the phase-to-earth loops or all the phase-to-phase loops of the distance protec-
tion measuring zone(s) to which the current-based phase selection output is configured.
85
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PHS--
3+6
BLOCK STFWL1
STFWL2
STFWL3
STFWPE
STRVL1
STRVL2
STRVL3
STRVPE
STNDL1
STNDL2
STNDL3
STNDPE
STFW1PH
STFW2PH
STFW3PH
STPE
STPP
STCNDI
STCNDZ
xx00000179.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
15 ms
⋅ ,< ⋅,U 10 ms 20 ms & t PHS--STPP
& t t
RU IRELPP - cont.
en01000161.vsd
)LJXUH 3K3KDQG3K(RSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQV
86
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
INDL1N - cont.
INDL2N - cont.
INDL3N - cont.
15 m s
PHS--STNDPE
>1 t
IRELPE - cont.
& 15 m s
ZML1N PHS--STNDL1
>1 t
&
ZML2N
15 m s
PHS--STNDL2
>1 t
&
ZML3N
15 m s
ZML1L2 PHS--STNDL3
& >1 t
ZML2L3
& INDL1L2 - cont.
INDL2L3 - cont
ZML3L1
&
INDL3L1 - cont.
IRELPP - cont.
en00000545.vsd
)LJXUH &RPSRVLWLRQRIQRQGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVHVHOHFWLRQVLJQDOV
87
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
INDL1N - cont.
&
DRVL1N
INDL1L2 - cont. 15 ms PHS--STRVL1
& >1 t
DRVL1L2
INDL3L1 - cont.
&
DRVL3L1 15 ms
PHS--STRVPE
INDL2N - cont. >1 t
&
DRVL2N
INDL1L2 - cont. 15 ms
PHS--STRVL2
& >1 t
INDL3L1 - cont.
&
en00000546.vsd
)LJXUH &RPSRVLWLRQRIUHYHUVHGLUHFWHGSKDVHVHOHFWLRQVLJQDOV
88
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
&
INDL1N - cont.
& 15 ms 15 ms
DFWL1N PHS--STFW1PH
& >1 t t
INDL1L2 - cont. 15 ms
PHS--STFWL1
& >1 t
DFWL1L2
INDL3L1 - cont.
&
&
DFWL3L1 15 ms
PHS--STFWPE
INDL2N - cont. >1 t
&
DFWL2N
& 15 ms
INDL1L2 - cont. PHS--STFWL2
t
& >1
15 ms 15 ms
INDL2L3 - cont. PHS--STFW2PH
& >1 t t
&
DFWL2L3
INDL3N - cont.
& &
DFWL3N 15 ms
PHS--STFWL3
t
INDL2L3 - cont.
& >1
15 ms
INDL3L1 - cont. PHS--STFW3PH
& t
&
en00000547.vsd
)LJXUH &RPSRVLWLRQRIIRUZDUGGLUHFWHGSKDVHVHOHFWLRQVLJQDOV
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH3+6 3+6 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
89
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Setting parameters for the resistive and the reactive reach are given for terminals with
rated current Ir = 1A. All values should be divided by 5 for terminals with rated current
Ir = 5A.
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHSKDVHVHOHFWLRQORJLFIXQFWLRQ
90
Phase selection logic (PHS) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
RFPP 0.10 - 40.00 ohm/ Resistive reach for ph-ph loop mea-
400.00 loop surement
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
RFPE 0.10 - 40.00 ohm/ Resistive reach for ph-E loop mea-
400.00 loop surement
Step: 0.01
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3+63KDVHVHOHFWLRQORJLF
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
91
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
3RZHUVZLQJGHWHFWLRQ 36'
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Power swings in the system arise due to big changes in load, or changes in power sys-
tem configuration due to faults and their clearance. Distance protection detects these
power swings as variations with time of the measured impedance along a locus in the
impedance plane. This locus can enter the operate characteristic of the distance protec-
tion and cause its unwanted operation if no preventive measures are taken. The main
purpose of the PSD power swing detection function is to detect power swings in power
networks and to provide the blocking signal to the distance function to prevent its un-
wanted operation.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The PSD function comprises an inner and an outer quadrilateral measurement charac-
teristic. Its principle of operation is based on the measurement of the time it takes a
power swing transient impedance to pass through the impedance area between the outer
and the inner characteristics. Power swings are identified by transition times longer than
timer settings. The impedance measuring principle is the same as that used for the dis-
tance protection zones. The impedance and the transient impedance time are measured
in all three phases separately. One-out-of-three or two-out-of-three operating modes
can be selected permanently or adaptively according to the specific system operating
conditions.
The PSD function detects power swings with a swing period as low as 200 ms (i.e. with
a slip frequency as high as 10% of the rated frequency on a 50 Hz basis). It detects
swings under normal system operating conditions, as well as during the dead time of a
single-pole automatic reclosing cycle. Different timers are used for initial and consec-
utive swings, securing a high degree of differentiation between power swing and fault
conditions.
It is possible to inhibit the power swing detected output on detection of earth fault cur-
rent. This can be used to release the operation of the distance protection function for
earth faults during power swing conditions.
92
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
jX
.; ⋅ ; 1,1
; 1,1
− 51,1
R
.5 ⋅ 51,1
tP1
− ; 1,1
− .; ⋅ ; 1,1
99000159.vsd
)LJXUH 2SHUDWLQJSULQFLSOHDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFRIWKH36'IXQFWLRQ
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PSD--
36'
BLOCK START
BLKI01 ZIN
BLKI02 ZOUT
BLK1PH
REL1PH
BLK2PH
REL2PH
I0CHECK
TRSP
EXTERNAL
xx00000180.vsd
93
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
ZOUTLn tP1
& t
ZINLn
≥1
tP2
PSD-CONS.-int. & t
&
PSD-DET-L1 PSD-DET-Ln
PSD-DET-L2 DET1of3 - int.
≥1
PSD-DET-L3
&
DET2of3 - int.
& ≥1
&
ZOUTL1 PSD--ZOUT
≥1
ZOUTL2 ZINL1
PSD--ZIN
ZOUTL3 & ZINL2 ≥1
ZINL3
PSD--TRSP tEF
t &
PSD--I0CHECK
10 ms
PSD--START
& t
PSD--BLKI02 >1
tR1
& t INHIBIT
>1
tR2
PSD--BLKI01 & t
PSD--BLOCK
DET1of3 - int.
PSD--REL1PH
&
PSD--BLK1PH PSD - CONS. - int.
tH
DET2of3 - int. >1 t
PSD--REL2PH
&
PSD--BLK2PH >1 PSD--START
&
PSD--EXTERNAL
en01000059.vsd
)LJXUH 36'IXQFWLRQEORFNGLDJUDP
94
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH36' 36' IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Setting values for impedance parameters are given for rated current Ir = 1A. Divide the
given values by 5 if the rated current is Ir = 5A.
95
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
96
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 36'3RZHUVZLQJGHWHFWLRQ
Hold timer tW for activation of fast PSD timer 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
steps of 1 ms
97
Power swing detection (PSD) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Timer tEF overcoming 1ph reclosing dead time 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
steps of 1 ms
Timer tR1 to time delay block by the residual 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
current steps of 1 ms
Timer tR2 to time delay block at very slow 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
swings steps of 1 ms
98
Power swing additional logic (PSL) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
3RZHUVZLQJDGGLWLRQDOORJLF 36/
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the PSL power swing logic is to secure selective and reliable op-
eration of the distance protection for both internal and external faults during power
swings. It also ensures stable operation of the distance protection for power swings
caused by the clearance of external faults, i.e. power swings that begin from within the
characteristic of an overreaching zone, and which are therefore not able to be detected
by the power swing detection function in the normal way.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The PSL is a supplementary function to the power swing detection function. It requires
for its operation inputs from the distance protection function, the power swing detection
function, etc., and the teleprotection equipment, when available.
Reliable operation for faults during power swings is achieved by the communication
logic within the PSL. For its operation, this function requires inputs from a distance pro-
tection zone(s) that are not used for the ordinary distance protection, and therefore that
are not blocked by the power swing detection function on detection of a power swing.
For this reason it is recommended to include zone 4 and/or zone 5 within the terminal.
The PSL is only activated following detection of a power swing by the power swing de-
tection function.It can operate in both permissive overreaching (one power swing zone
required) and permissive underreaching (two power swing zones required) modes. It is
possible to use the same communication channels as for the normal scheme communi-
cation because the normal distance zones which utilize these channels are blocked dur-
ing power swings.
For single-line-to-earth faults, an alternative earth fault protection function, e.g. direc-
tional earth fault, may be preferred to deal with earth faults during a power swing. It is
then possible to block the power swing logic on pickup of this protection, except during
the pole open period of a single-pole automatic reclosing cycle.
For power swings caused by external faults measured within the power swing charac-
teristic, stable operation is ensured in these circumstances by automatically replacing
the output connections from the normal instantaneous direct tripping distance zone with
output connections from the PSL.
99
Power swing additional logic (PSL) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PSL--
36/
BLOCK TRIP
CACC STZMLL
STPSD BLKZMPP
STZMH BLKZMH
STZML CS
STDEF
STZMPSD
AR1P1
CSUR
CR
xx00000181.vsd
100
Power swing additional logic (PSL) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
Operation = On
PSL--STDEF
&
PSL--AR1P1
tCS
PSL--STPSD PSL--CS
& t &
PSL--BLOCK
PSL--CSUR
PSL--BLKZMPP
tBlkTr &
tTrip t
t
PSL--CACC PSL--TRIP
>1
PSL--CR &
&
PSL--BLKZMH
&
PSL--STZMH tZL
PSL--STZMLL
& t >1
&
PSL--STMZH tDZ
PSL--STZMPSD & t >1
PSL--STPSD
&
-loop
xx03000072.vsd
)LJXUH 3RZHUVZLQJORJLFEORFNGLDJUDP
101
Power swing additional logic (PSL) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH36/ 36/ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
CR Carrier receive
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
CS Carrier send
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/PowerSwingLog
102
Power swing additional logic (PSL) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 36/3RZHUVZLQJDGGLWLRQDOORJLF
Conditional timer for sending of carrier signal 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 %+/- 10 ms
at power swings, tCS steps of 1 ms
Conditional timer for tripping at power swings, 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 %+/- 10 ms
tTrip steps of 1 ms
Timer for extending the blocking of tripping by 0.000-60.000 s in +/- 0.5 %+/- 10 ms
the non-controlled zone(s), tBlkTr steps of 1 ms
103
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
5DGLDOIHHGHUSURWHFWLRQ 3$3
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the PAP radial feeder protection function is to provide tripping at
the ends of radial feeders with passive load or with weak end infeed. To obtain this trip-
ping, the PAP function must be included within the protection terminal at the load /
weak end infeed end.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The PAP function performs the phase selection using the measured voltages. Each
phase voltage is compared to the opposite phase-phase voltage. A phase is deemed to
have a fault if its phase voltage drops below a settable percentage of the opposite phase-
phase voltage. The phase-phase voltages include memory. This memory function has a
settable time constant.
The PAP function has built-in logic for fast tripping as well as time delayed tripping.
The voltage-based phase selection is used for both the fast and the delayed tripping. To
get fast tripping, scheme communication is required. Delayed tripping does not require
scheme communication. It is possible to permit delayed tripping only on failure of the
communications channel by blocking the delayed tripping logic with a communications
channel healthy input signal.
On receipt of the communications signal, phase selective outputs for fast tripping are
given based on the phase(s) in which the phase selection function has operated.
For delayed tripping, the single-pole and three-pole delays are separately and indepen-
dently settable. Furthermore, it is possible to enable or disable three-pole delayed trip-
ping. It is also possible to select either single-pole delayed tripping or three-pole
delayed tripping for single-phase faults. Three-pole delayed tripping for single-phase
faults is also dependent on the selection to enable or disable three-pole tripping. For sin-
gle-phase faults, it is possible to include a residual current check in the tripping logic.
Three-pole tripping is always selected for phase selection on more than one phase.
Three-phase tripping will also occur if the residual current exceeds the set level during
fuse failure for a time longer than the three-pole trip delay time.
The radial feeder protection function also includes logic which provides outputs that are
specifically intended for starting the automatic recloser.
104
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PAP--
3$3
BLOCK TRIP
BLKDEL TRL1
CR TRL2
COMOK TRL3
VTSU TRIN
POLDISC ARSTART
CBCLOSED ARST3P
ARSTL1
ARSTL2
ARSTL3
xx00000593.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDPSKDVHVHOHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
U L2
Σ
+
UL3
-
U : √3 *k
τ= 1 - 6 0 (1 )s k= 0 .5 -1 (0 ,0 5 )
+ PH SL1
UL1 -
U
)LJXUH 3KDVHVHOHFWLRQIXQFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
/RJLFGLDJUDPUHVLGXDOFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQW
IL1
IL2
IL3 Σ t=600 ms
STIN
Setting t
ILN
Is=0.2 - 1,0(0,1)*Ir
en01000067.vsd
)LJXUH 5HVLGXDOFXUUHQWPHDVXUHPHQWVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
105
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDPIDVWIDXOWFOHDULQJ
BLOCK
VTSU ≥1
CR &
t
t=650ms
STL1
PHSL1 &
From STL2
phase PHSL2 &
selection
STL3
PHSL3 &
en01000068.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQIRUIDVWIDXOWFOHDULQJVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
106
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDPGHOD\HGIDXOWFOHDULQJ
BLOCK
BLKDEL
≥1 1
COMOK
tM=0,00-60,00(0,01)s
PHSL1 &
& t STL1
≥1
From
phase PHSL2 &
& t STL2
selection ≥1
PHSL3 &
& t STL3
≥1
P2
≥1
STIN
&
VTSU & ≥1
&
P1 &
≥1 t
≥2 tT=0,00-60,00(0,01)s
&
P3
en01000069.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQIRUGHOD\HGIDXOWFOHDULQJVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
/RJLFGLDJUDPUHVLGXDOFXUUHQWGHWHFWLRQ
STIN TRIN
t
tPIR=0,00 - 60,00(0,01)s
en01000070.vsd
)LJXUH 5HVLGXDOFXUUHQWGHWHFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
107
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDPWULSDQGDXWRUHFORVHUVWDUWORJLF
TRIP
≥1
STL1 TRL1
STL2 TRL2
STL3 TRL3
ARSTL1
&
ARSTL2
&
POLDISC ARSTL3
&
t=100 ms
&
t
ARSTART
≥1 ≥1
CBCLOSED
ARST3P
≥2
en01000071.vsd
)LJXUH 7ULSDQGDXWRUHFORVHUVWDUWORJLFVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH3$3 3$3 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
108
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/RadialFeederP
Step: 1
109
Radial feeder protection (PAP) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3$35DGLDOIHHGHUSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
Time delay tPIR for residual current tripping 0.000-60.000s in steps ±0.5% ±10 ms
(or indication) of 0.01s
110
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
6FKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLF =&20
$SSOLFDWLRQ
It is not possible to set an underreaching distance or overcurrent protection to cover the
full length of the line, and at the same time not to overreach for faults beyond the pro-
tected line. To avoid overreaching, underreaching protection zones must always reach
short of the remote end of the line by some safety margin of 15-20%. The main purpose
of the ZCOM scheme communication logic is to supplement the distance or overcurrent
protection function such that fast clearance of faults is also achieved at the line end for
which the faults are on the part of the line not covered by its underreaching zone. To
accomplish this, one communication channel, capable of transmitting an on/off signal,
is required in each direction.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The ZCOM function is a logical function built-up from logical elements. It is a supple-
mentary function to the distance or overcurrent protection, requiring for its operation
inputs from the distance or overcurrent protection and the teleprotection equipment.
The type of communication-aided scheme to be used can be selected by way of the set-
tings. The ability to select which protection zone is assigned to which input of the
ZCOM logic makes this logic able to support practically any scheme communication
requirements regardless of their basic operating principle. The outputs to initiate trip-
ping and sending of the teleprotection signal are given in accordance with the type of
communication-aided scheme selected and the protection zone(s) which have operated.
When power line carrier communication channels are used, unblocking logic is provid-
ed which uses the loss of guard signal. This logic compensates for the lack of depend-
ability due to the transmission of the command signal over the faulted line.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
ZCOM-
=&20
BLOCK TRIP
CACC CS
CSUR CRL
CSOR LCG
CSBLK
CSNBLK
CR
CRG
xx00000184.vsd
111
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
ZCOM-CACC tCoord
ZCOM-TRIP
ZCOM-CR & t
xx00000574.vsd
)LJXUH %DVLFORJLFIRUWULSFDUULHULQEORFNLQJVFKHPH
ZCOM-CACC tCoord
ZCOM-TRIP
ZCOM-CR & t
xx00000575.vsd
)LJXUH %DVLFORJLFIRUWULSFDUULHULQSHUPLVVLYHVFKHPH
Z C O M -C R
tS e c u rity Z C O M -C R L
>1
1 t
Z C O M -C R G
200 m s 150 m s
&
t >1 t
&
Z C O M -L C G
e n 0 0 0 0 0 4 9 1 .v s d
)LJXUH &DUULHUJXDUGORJLFZLWKXQEORFNORJLF
112
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
Unblock = Off
ZCOM-CR
Unblock =
ZCOM-CRL
NoRestart & >1
CRL-cont.
Unblock =
Restart
tSecurity
ZCOM-CRG
1 t &
SchemeType =
Intertrip
ZCOM-CSUR
tSendMin
>1 &
ZCOM-BLOCK
&
ZCOM-CSBLK >1
CRL-cont.
Schemetype =
Permissive UR & ZCOM-CS
>1
tCoord 25 ms
& ZCOM-TRIP
>1 t t
ZCOM-CACC
Schemetype =
Permissive OR
&
ZCOM-CSOR >1
&
tSendMin
>1
&
SchemeType =
Blocking
ZCOM-CSNBLK
&
99000192.vsd
)LJXUH 6FKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLFIRUGLVWDQFHRURYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQVLP
SOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
113
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRU=&20 =&20 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
CS Carrier send
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/ZCommunication
114
Scheme communication logic (ZCOM) &KDSWHU
/LQHGLVWDQFH
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHVFKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLF=&20
=&20 IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH =&206FKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLFIRUGLVWDQFHRURYHUFXUUHQWSUR
WHFWLRQ
115
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
3KDVHVHJUHJDWHGVFKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLF
LQFOXGLQJFXUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHG
ORJLF =&3
$SSOLFDWLRQ
It is not possible to set a underreaching distance protection zone to cover the full length
of the line, and at the same time not to overreach for faults beyond the protected line.
To avoid overreaching, underreaching distance protection zones must always reach
short of the remote end of the line by some safety margin of 15-20%. It is also not pos-
sible to guarantee correct distance protection phase selection at all times for simulta-
neous faults on the entire length of a double circuit line. The main purpose of the ZC1P
scheme communication logic is to supplement the distance protection function such that
• fast clearance of faults is also achieved at the line end for which the faults are on the
part of the line not covered by its underreaching zone.
• correct phase selection can be maintained to support single-pole tripping for faults
occurring anywhere on the entire length of a double circuit line.
To accomplish this, three separate communication channels, i.e. one per phase, each ca-
pable of transmitting an on/off signal, are required in each direction.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The ZC1P function is a logical function built-up from logical elements. It is a supple-
mentary function to the distance protection, requiring for its operation inputs from the
distance protection and the teleprotection equipment.
The type of communication-aided scheme to be used can be selected by way of the set-
tings. The ability to select which distance protection zone is assigned to which input of
the scheme communication logic makes this logic able to support practically any
scheme communication requirements regardless of their basic operating principle. The
outputs to initiate tripping and sending of the teleprotection signal are given in accor-
dance with the type of communication-aided scheme selected and the zone(s) and
phase(s) of the distance protection which have operated.
When power line carrier communication channels are used, unblocking logic is provid-
ed which uses the loss of guard signal. This logic compensates for the lack of depend-
ability due to the transmission of the command signal over the faulted line.
116
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
)XQFWLRQEORFN
ZC1P-
=&3
BLOCK TRL1
BLKL1 TRL2
BLKL2 TRL3
BLKL3 CSL1
CACCL1 CSL2
CACCL2 CSL3
CACCL3 CSMPH
CSURL1 CRLL1
CSURL2 CRLL2
CSURL3 CRLL3
CSORL1 LCG
CSORL2
CSORL3
CSBLKL1
CSBLKL2
CSBLKL3
CRL1
CRL2
CRL3
CRMPH
CRG
xx00000187.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
Z C 1 P -C A C C L n tC oo rd
& Z C 1 P -TR L n
Z C 1 P -C R L n t
)LJXUH %DVLFORJLFIRUWULSFDUULHULQEORFNLQJVFKHPH
Z C 1 P -C A C C L n tC o o rd
Z C 1 P -T R L n
Z C 1 P -C R L n & t
e n 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 .v s d
)LJXUH /RJLFIRUWULSFDUULHULQSHUPLVVLYHVFKHPH
117
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
ZC1P-CRMPH
en00000557.vsd
)LJXUH &DUULHUJXDUGORJLFZLWKXQEORFNORJLF
118
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
ZC1P-CRMPH
CRLL1 - cont.
ZC1P-CRG >1
200 ms 150 ms
&
t >1 t &
&
SchemeType = ZC1P-LCG
&
Intertrip Unblock = Restart
ZC1P-BLOCK
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL1
t ZC1P-CSL1
>1 &
ZC1P-CSBLKL1
>1
&
CRLL1 - cont.
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL1
& t t
ZC1P-CSMPH
& >1
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL2
t ZC1P-CSL2
>1 &
ZC1P-CSBLKL2
>1
&
CRLL2 - cont.
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL2
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL3
t ZC1P-CSL3
>1 &
ZC1P-CSBLKL3
>1
CRLL3 - cont.
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL3
& t t
99000198.vsd
)LJXUH =&3XQEORFNLQJDQGGLUHFWLQWHUWULSIXQFWLRQ
119
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
ZC1P-CRMPH
CRLL1 - cont.
ZC1P-CRG >1
200 ms 150 ms
&
t >1 t &
&
SchemeType = ZC1P-LCG
&
Permissive UR Unblock = Restart
ZC1P-BLOCK
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL1
t ZC1P-CSL1
>1 &
ZC1P-BLKL1
>1
&
ZC1P-CACCL1
CRL1 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL1
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL2
t ZC1P-CSL2
>1 &
ZC1P-BLKL2
>1 ZC1P-CSMPH
& >1
ZC1P-CACCL2
CRL2 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL2
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL3
t ZC1P-CSL3
>1 &
ZC1P-BLKL3
>1
&
ZC1P-CACCL3
CRL3 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL3
& t t
99000199.vsd
)LJXUH =&3XQEORFNLQJDQGSHUPLVVLYHXQGHUUHDFKVFKHPH
120
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
ZC1P-CRMPH
CRLL1 - cont.
ZC1P-CRG >1
200 ms 150 ms
&
t >1 t &
&
SchemeType = ZC1P-LCG
&
Permissive OR Unblock = Restart
ZC1P-BLOCK
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL1 ZC1P-CSL1
t >1 &
ZC1P-CSORL1 >1
ZC1P-CSBLKL1
>1 &
ZC1P-CACCL1
CRLL1 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL1
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL2 ZC1P-CSL2
t >1 &
ZC1P-CSORL2 >1
ZC1P-CSBLKL2 ZC1P-CSMPH
>1 & >1
ZC1P-CACCL2
CRLL2 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL2
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSURL3 ZC1P-CSL3
t >1 &
ZC1P-CSORL3 >1
ZC1P-CSBLKL3
>1 &
ZC1P-CACCL3
CRLL3 - cont. tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL3
& t t
99000448.vsd
)LJXUH =&3XQEORFNLQJDQGSHUPLVVLYHRYHUUHDFKVFKHPH
121
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
ZC1P-CRMPH
CRLL1-cont.
CRLL1-cont.
CRLL1-cont.
SchemeType =
Blocking
ZC1P-BLOCK
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSBLKL1
t ZC1P-CSL1
>1 &
&
ZC1P-CACCL1
CRLL1 - cont. &
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL1
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSBLKL2
t ZC1P-CSL2
>1 &
ZC1P-CSMPH
& >1
ZC1P-CACCL2
CRLL2 - cont. &
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL2
& t t
tSendMin
ZC1P-CSBLKL3
t ZC1P-CSL3
>1 &
&
ZC1P-CACCL3
CRLL3 - cont. &
tCoord 25 ms
ZC1P-TRL3
& t t
99000449.vsd
)LJXUH =&3EORFNLQJVFKHPH
122
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRU=&3 =&3 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
123
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
124
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/Com1P
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3KDVHVHJUHJDWHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLFIRUGLVWDQFHSURWHFWLRQV
125
Phase segregated scheme &KDSWHU
communication logic including current /LQHGLVWDQFH
reversal and weak-end infeed logic
126
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
&XUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLF =&$/
$SSOLFDWLRQ
In interconnected systems, for parallel line applications, the direction of flow of the
fault current on the healthy line can change when the circuit breakers on the faulty line
open to clear the fault. This can lead to unwanted operation of the protection on the
healthy line when permissive overreach schemes are used. The main purpose of the
ZCAL current reversal logic is to prevent such unwanted operations for this phenome-
non.
If the infeed of fault current at the local end for faults on the protected line is too low to
operate the measuring elements, no trip output will be issued at the local end and no
teleprotection signal will be sent to the remote end. This can lead to time delayed trip-
ping at the remote strong infeed end. The main purpose of the ZCAL weak end infeed
logic is to enhance the operation of permissive communication schemes and to avoid
sequential tripping when, for a fault on the line, the initial infeed of fault current from
one end is too weak to operate the measuring elements.
1RWH
&XUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHHNHQGLQIHHGORJLF =&$/ DQG*HQHUDOIDXOWFULWHULD *)&
LQFOXGLQJSKDVHSUHIHUHQFHORJLFFDQQRWEHRUGHUHGWRJHWKHU
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The ZCAL function block provides the current reversal and weak end infeed logic func-
tions that supplement the standard scheme communication logic, or the phase segregat-
ed scheme communication logic.
On detection of a current reversal, the current reversal logic provides an output to block
the sending of the teleprotection signal to the remote end, and to block the permissive
tripping at the local end. This blocking condition is maintained long enough to ensure
that no unwanted operation will occur as a result of the current reversal.
On verification of a weak end infeed condition, the weak end infeed logic provides an
output for sending the received teleprotection signal back to the remote sending end,
and other output(s) for tripping. For terminals equipped for single-, two-, and three-pole
tripping, outputs for the faulted phase(s) are provided. Undervoltage detectors are used
to select the faulted phase (s).
127
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
)XQFWLRQEORFN
ZCAL-
=&$/
BLOCK TRWEI
IRV TRWEIL1
IRVL1 TRWEIL2
IRVL2 TRWEIL3
IRVL3 IRVL
IRVBLK IRVLL1
IRVBLKL1 IRVLL2
IRVBLKL2 IRVLL3
IRVBLKL3 ECHO
CBOPEN ECHOL1
VTSZ ECHOL2
WEIBLK ECHOL3
WEIBLK1
WEIBLK2
WEIBLK3
CRL
CRLL1
CRLL2
CRLL3
xx00000186.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUWKH=&$/IXQFWLRQZKHQXVHGWRJHWKHUZLWKSKDVHVHJ
UHJDWHGVFKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLF
ZCAL-
=&$/
BLOCK TRWEI
IRV IRVL
IRVBLK ECHO
CBOPEN
VTSZ
WEIBLK
CRL
xx01000186.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUWKH=&$/IXQFWLRQZKHQXVHGWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHWKUHH
SKDVHVFKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLF
128
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
tPickUp 10 ms tPickUp
ZCAL-IRVLn
t t t
tDelay
ZCAL-IRVLLn
ZCAL-IRVBLKLn & t
99000193.vsd
)LJXUH &XUUHQWUHYHUVDOORJLF
ZCAL-VTSZ
ZCAL-BLOCK >1
xx03000079.vsd
)LJXUH (FKRRIDUHFHLYHGFDUULHUVLJQDOE\WKH:(,IXQFWLRQ
129
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
WEI = Trip
ECHOLn - cont.
ZCAL-CBOPEN
STUL1N
100 ms ZCAL-TRWEI
>1 >1
STUL2N & t
STUL3N 15 ms
ZCAL-TRWEIL1
& t
15 ms
ZCAL-TRWEIL2
& t
15 ms
ZCAL-TRWEIL3
& t
en00000551.vsd
)LJXUH 7ULSSLQJSDUWRIWKH:(,ORJLFVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
1RWH Some signals may not be present depending on the ordered options.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
130
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/ComIRevWei
131
Current reversal and weak-end infeed &KDSWHU
logic (ZCAL) /LQHGLVWDQFH
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHFXUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLF
=&$/ =&$/ IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
WEI Off / Trip / Off - Operating mode for the WEI function
Echo
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH =&$/&XUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLF
132
About this chapter &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
&KDSWHU &XUUHQW
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the current protection functions.
133
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (IOC) &XUUHQW
,QVWDQWDQHRXVQRQGLUHFWLRQDORYHUFXUUHQW
SURWHFWLRQ ,2&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Different system conditions, such as source impedance and the position of the faults on
long transmission lines influence the fault currents to a great extent. An instantaneous
phase overcurrent protection with short operate time and low transient overreach of the
measuring elements can be used to clear close-in faults on long power lines, where short
fault clearing time is extremely important to maintain system stability.
• Fast back-up earth fault protection for faults close to the line end.
• Enables fast fault clearance for close in earth faults even if the distance protection
or the directional residual current protection is blocked from the fuse supervision
function
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The current measuring element continuously measures the current in all three phases
and compares it to the set operate value IP>>. A filter ensures immunity to disturbances
and dc components and minimizes the transient overreach. If any phase current is above
the set value IP>>, the phase overcurrent trip signal TRP is activated. Separate trip sig-
nal for the actual phase(s) is also activated. The input signal BLOCK blocks all func-
tions in the current function block.
The current measuring element continuously measures the residual current and com-
pares it to the set operate value IN>>. A filter ensures immunity to disturbances and dc
components and minimizes the transient overreach. If the residual current is above the
set value IN>>, the residual overcurrent trip signal TRN is activated. The general trip
signal TRIP is activated as well. The input signal BLOCK blocks the complete function.
134
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (IOC) &XUUHQW
)XQFWLRQEORFN
IOC--
,2&
BLOCK TRIP
TRP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
TRN
xx00000201.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVH1ZLWKSKDVHWULS
IOC--
,2&
BLOCK TRIP
TRP
TRN
xx01000176.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVH1ZLWKSKDVHWULS
IOC--
,2&
BLOCK TRIP
TRP
TRL1
TRL2
TRL3
xx00000683.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVHZLWKSKDVHWULS
IOC--
,2&
BLOCK TRIP
TRP
xx01000079.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVHZLWKSKDVHWULS
135
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (IOC) &XUUHQW
IOC--
,2&
BLOCK TRIP
TRN
xx00000684.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQEORFN1SKDVHWULS
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockIOC = Yes
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH
IOC--BLOCK >1
IOC--TRIP
&
>1
>1
IOC--TRP
&
IOC--TRL1
&
STIL1
IOC--TRL2
&
STIL2
IOC--TRL3
&
STIL3
IOC--TRN
&
STIN
en01000180.vsd
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQORJLFGLDJUDP
)LJXUH ,2&IXQFWLRQORJLFGLDJUDP
136
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (IOC) &XUUHQW
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH,2& ,2& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/GroupQ/InstantOC (where Q=1-4)
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHLQVWDQWDQHRXVSKDVHDQGUHVLGXDORYHUFXU
UHQWSURWHFWLRQ,2& ,2& QRQGLU IXQFWLRQ
Step: 1
Step: 1
137
Instantaneous non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (IOC) &XUUHQW
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ,2&,QVWDQWDQHRXVRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
138
Definite time non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TOC) &XUUHQW
'HILQLWHWLPHQRQGLUHFWLRQDORYHUFXUUHQW
SURWHFWLRQ 72&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The time delayed overcurrent protection, TOC, operates at different system conditions
for currents exceeding the preset value and which remains high for longer than the delay
time set on the corresponding timer. The function can also be used for supervision and
fault detector for some other protection functions, to increase the security of a complete
protection system. It can serve as a back-up function for the line distance protection, if
activated under fuse failure conditions which has disabled the operation of the line dis-
tance protection.
The time delayed residual overcurrent protection is intended to be used in solidly and
low resistance earthed systems. The time delayed residual overcurrent protection is
suitable as back-up protection for phase to earth faults, normally tripped by operation
of the distance protection. The protection function can also serve as protection for high
resistive phase to earth faults or as a fault detection for some other protection functions.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The current measuring element continuously measures the current in all three phases
and compares it to the set operate value IP>. A filter ensures immunity to disturbances
and dc components and minimizes the transient overreach. If the current in any of the
three phases is above the set value IP>, a common start signal STP and a start signal for
the actual phase(s) are activated. The timer tP is activated and the phase overcurrent
trip signal TRP is activated after set time. The general trip signal TRIP is activated as
well.
The input signal BLOCK blocks the function. The input signal BLKTR blocks both trip
signals TRP and TRIP.
The residual current measuring element continuously measures the residual current and
compares it with the set operate value IN>. A filter ensures immunity to disturbances
and dc components and minimizes the transient overreach. If the measured current is
above the set value IN>, a start signal STN is activated. The timer tN is activated and
the residual overcurrent trip signal TRN is activated after set time. The general trip sig-
nal TRIP is activated as well. The input signal BLOCK blocks the function. The input
signal BLKTR blocks both trip signals TRN and TRIP.
139
Definite time non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TOC) &XUUHQW
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TOC--
72&
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRP
TRN
STP
STL1
STL2
STL3
STN
xx00000197.vsd
)LJXUH 72&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVH1
TOC--
72&
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRP
STP
STL1
STL2
STL3
xx00000681.vsd
)LJXUH 72&IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVH
TOC--
72&
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRN
STN
xx00000709.vsd
)LJXUH 72&IXQFWLRQEORFN1
140
Definite time non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TOC) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TOC--BLKTR
Trip Blocking tP
TEST TOC--TRP
& t
TEST-ACTIVE
& tN TOC--TRIP
>1
BlockTOC= Yes & t
TOC--TRN
& TOC--STL1
STIL1
& TOC--STL2
STIL2
& TOC--STL3
STIL3
& TOC--STN
STIN
en01000179.vsd
)LJXUH 72&IXQFWLRQORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH72& 72& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
141
Definite time non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TOC) &XUUHQW
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/GroupQ/TimeDelayOC (where Q=1-4)
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHWLPHGHOD\HGSKDVHDQGUHVLGXDORYHUFXU
UHQWSURWHFWLRQ72& 72& IXQFWLRQ
Step: 1
Step: 0.001
Step:1
Step: 0.001
142
Definite time non-directional overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TOC) &XUUHQW
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 72&'HILQLWHWLPHQRQGLUHFWLRQDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
143
Two step time delayed non-directional &KDSWHU
phase overcurrent protection (TOC2) &XUUHQW
7ZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGQRQGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVH
RYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ 72&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The two current/time stages of overcurrent protection TOC2 improve the possibility to
get fast operation for nearby faults by using a high set current stage with short time de-
lay. The low current stage is set with appropriate time delay to get selectivity with the
adjacent relays in the system. In networks with inverse time delayed relays, selectivity
is generally best obtained by using the same type of inverse time characteristic for all
overcurrent relays.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The current measuring element continuously measures the current in all phases and
compares it to the set operate value for the two current stages. A filter ensures immunity
to disturbances and dc components and minimizes the transient overreach. If the current
in any of the three phases is above the set value I>Low, the start signal for the low cur-
rent stage is activated. With setting Characteristic = Def, the timer tLow is activated and
the trip signal TRLS is activated after set time. If inverse time delay is selected, the tim-
er tMinInv starts when the current is above the set value I>Low. If the current also is
above the set value I>Inv, the inverse time evaluation starts. When both time circuits
operate, the definite time circuit tLow is activated and the trip signal TRLS is activated
after the additional time tLow. If the current is above the set value I>High, the timer
tHigh is activated and the trip signal TRHS is activated after set time.
The input signal BLOCK blocks all functions. Each current stage can also be individu-
ally blocked.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TOC2-
72&
BLOCK TRLS
BLKTRLS TRHS
BLKTRHS STLS
xx00000679.vsd
144
Two step time delayed non-directional &KDSWHU
phase overcurrent protection (TOC2) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
I>Low
tMinInv
IL1-3
& t
TOC2-STLS
&
I>High tHigh
TOC2-TRHS
& t &
50 ms
TOC2-BLOCK t
TOC2-BLKTRLS
&
TOC2-BLKTRHS
&
xx03000073.vsd
)LJXUH 7ZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGSKDVHRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLD
JUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
Path in local HMI: ServiceReport/Functions/TimeDelayOC (RW)/FuncOutputs
145
Two step time delayed non-directional &KDSWHU
phase overcurrent protection (TOC2) &XUUHQW
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
BLKTRLS Blocks the trip from the definite or inverse time delayed low
current stage.
BLKTRHS Blocks the trip from the definite time delayed high set current
stage
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
TRLS Trip from the definite or inverse time delayed low set current
stage
TRHS Trip from the definite time delayed high set current stage
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/InvTimeDelayOC
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHWZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGSKDVHRYHUFXUUHQW
SURWHFWLRQ72& 72& IXQFWLRQ
Characteristic Def, NI, VI, Def - Time delay characteristic for low set
EI, RI TOC2 function
146
Two step time delayed non-directional &KDSWHU
phase overcurrent protection (TOC2) &XUUHQW
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
I>High 50-2000 100 % of I1b Operating current for high set TOC2
function
Step: 1
tHigh 0.000 - 1.000 s Time delay for high set TOC2 func-
60.000 tion
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 72&7ZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGQRQGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVHRYHUFXUUHQWSUR
WHFWLRQ
Operate value for low set func- (5-500) % of I1b in +/- 2.5% of I1r at I ≤ I1r
tion steps of 1%
+/- 2.5 % of I at I>I1r
I > Low
Base current for inverse time cal- (5-500) % of I1b in +/- 2.5 % of I1r at I ≤ I1r
culation steps of 1%
+/- 2.5 % of I at I> I1r
I > Inv
Definite time delay for low set (0.000-60.000)s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
function steps of 1 ms
tLow
147
Two step time delayed non-directional &KDSWHU
phase overcurrent protection (TOC2) &XUUHQW
Operate value of high set func- (50-2000) % of I1b in +/- 2.5% of I1r at I ≤ I1r
tion steps of 1%
+/- 2.5 % of I at I>I1r
I > High
Definite time delay for high set (0.000-60.000) s in +/- 0.5 % +/- 10 ms
function steps of 1 ms
tHigh
I = Imeas/Iset
148
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
7ZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVH
RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ 72&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The two current/time stages of the TOC3 overcurrent protection, both with optional di-
rectional (Forward release or Reverse block) or non-directional function, improve the
possibility to obtain selective function of the overcurrent protection relative other relays
even in meshed networks. It must be realized, however, that the setting of a phase over-
current protection system in a meshed network can be very complicated and a large
number of fault current calculations are needed. In some cases, it is not possible to ob-
tain selectivity even when using directional overcurrent protection. In such cases it is
suggested to use line differential protection or distance protection function.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The current measuring element continuously measures the current in all three phases
and compares it to the set operate value for the two current stages. A filter ensures im-
munity to disturbances and dc components and minimizes the transient overreach. If the
current in any of the three phases is above the set value I>Low, the start signal for the
low current stage is activated. With setting Characteristic = Def, the timer tLow is acti-
vated and the trip signal TRLS is activated after set time. If inverse time delay is select-
ed, the timer tMinInv starts when the current is above the set value I>Low. If the current
also is above the set value I>Inv, the inverse time evaluation starts. When both time cir-
cuits operate, the definite time circuit tLow is activated and the trip signal TRLS is ac-
tivated after set time.
If the current is above the set value I>High, the timer tHigh is activated and the trip sig-
nal TRHS is activated after set time.The low and the high set current stages can indi-
vidually be set directional or non-directional. Directional information is calculated from
positive sequence polarization voltages and the phase currents. The polarization voltage
contains memory voltage to ensure directional function at close-in three-phase faults.
The directional element relay characteristic angle (RCA) and operate angle are settable
in wide ranges.
The input signal BLOCK blocks all functions. Trip from each current stage can also be
individually blocked.
149
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
)XQFWLRQEORFN
72&
BLOCK TRLS
BLKTRLS TRHS
BLKTRHS STNDLS
STND
STNDL1
STNDL2
STNDL3
STFW
STRV
xx00000198.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
I>Inv
Characteristic= Def/NI/VI/EI/RI NI, VI, EI, RI
k, I>Inv STINVL1-int (L2,L3)
I>Low
IL1 (IL2, IL3) STLSL1-int (L2,L3)
I>High
STHSL1-int (L2,L3)
en01000175.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGEORFNGLDJUDPIRUGHILQLWHDQGLQYHUVHWLPHGHOD\HGSKDVHRYHU
FXUUHQWIXQFWLRQ
150
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
PE FAULT
& L1
PP FAULT & L1L2 DFWL1 - int.
>1
DIRFWL1N - int L3L1
DIRFWL1L2 - int
&
L2
L1L2 DFWL2 - int.
STLSL1 - int >1
L2L3
STHSL1 - int >1
STLSL2 - int
STHSL2 - int >1
DFWL3 - int.
en01000154.vsd
)LJXUH ([FHUSWIURPGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVHVHOHFWLRQ
D FW L1 - int 50 m s FW L1 - int.
&
& t
S TLSL1 - int
50 m s
DR VL1 - int & t RVL1 - int.
≥1
en01000155.vsd
)LJXUH &XUUHQWUHYHUVDOORJLFIRURQHSKDVHDQGRQHVHWVWHS
151
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
en01000156.vsd
)LJXUH 'LUHFWLRQDOPRGHVRI72&
STINVL1-int
High set step
tHigh
STARTHSL1-int TRHSL1-int.
t
en01000157.vsd
)LJXUH 'HOD\HGWLPHRSHUDWLRQIRUORZVHWVWHSDQGJHQHUDOWLPHGHOD\
152
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
TOC3--BLKTRLS
TOC3--BLKTRHS
TOC3--BLOCK 50 ms
t
TRLSL1-int TOC3--TRLS
&
TRLSL2-int
≥1
TRLSL3-int
TRHSL1-int TOC3--TRHS
&
TRHSL2-int
≥1
TRHSL3-int
en01000158.vsd
)LJXUH *HQHUDOWULS
STLSL1-int
STHSL1-int >1 TOC3--STNDL1
&
STLSL2-int
STHSL2-int >1 TOC3--STNDL2
&
STLSL3-int
STHSL3-int >1 TOC3--STNDL3
&
>1 TOC3--STND
&
>1 TOC3--STNDLS
&
L1
FW L1-int & L2
FW L2-int >1 TOC3--STFW
L3 &
FW L3-int
L1
RVL1-int & L2
RVL2-int >1 TOC3--STRV
L3 &
RVL3-int
50 ms
TOC3--BLOCK
t
en01000159.vsd
)LJXUH 6WDUWVLJQDOV
153
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH72& 72& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
BLKTRLS Block the trip from the definite or inverse time delayed low
current stage
BLKTRHS Blocks the trip from the definite time delayed high current
stage
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
TRLS Trip from the definite or inverse time delayed low current
stage
TRHS Trip from the definite time delayed high current stage
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/DirInvTDelayOC
154
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHGLUHFWLRQDOLQYHUVHWLPHSKDVHRYHUFXUUHQW
SURWHFWLRQ72& 72& IXQFWLRQ
Operation Low Off, Non- Off - Operation mode of low set step
Dir, For-
wRelease,
RevBlock
Characteristic Def, NI, VI, Def - Time characteristic for low set step
EI, RI
I>Inv (20 - 500) 20 % of I1b Inverse time base current for low set
step
Step: 1
Step: 0.010
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Operation High Off, Non- Off - Operation mode of high set step
Dir, For-
wRelease,
RevBlock
I>High 20 - 2000 100 % of I1b Operating current for high set step
Step: 1
155
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 72&7ZRVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGGLUHFWLRQDOSKDVHRYHUFXUUHQWSURWHF
WLRQ
156
Two step time delayed directional phase &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (TOC3) &XUUHQW
I = Imeas/Iset
I = Imeas/Iset
157
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
7LPHGHOD\HGUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
7()
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the inverse and definite time delayed residual overcurrent functions in solidly
earthed systems to get a sensitive and fast fault clearance of phase to earth faults.
The nondirectional protection can be used when high sensitivity for earth fault protec-
tion is required. It offers also a very fast back-up earth fault protection for the part of a
transmission line, closest to the substation with the protection.
The nondirectional residual overcurrent protection can be given a relatively low current
pick-up setting. Thus the protection will be sensitive, in order to detect high resistive
phase to earth faults.
1. Main protection for phase to earth faults on the radial lines in solidly earthed sys-
tems. Selectivity is achieved by using time delayed function according to practices
in the system (definite time delay or some type of inverse time characteristic).
2. Main protection for phase to earth faults on lines in a meshed solidly earthed sys-
tem. The directional function can be used in an permissive overreach communica-
tion scheme or a blocking scheme. In this application the directional residual
overcurrent function is used together with the communication logic for residual
overcurrent protection.
3. Back-up protection for phase to earth faults for lines in solidly earthed systems. By
using the directional residual protection as back-up function, the back-up fault
clearance time can be kept relatively short together with the maintained selectivity.
4. Etc.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The residual overcurrent protection measures the residual current of the protected line.
This current is compared to the current settings of the function. If the residual current
is larger than the setting value a trip signal will be sent to the output after a set delay
time. The time delay can be selected between the definite or inverse possibility.
In order to avoid unwanted trip for transformer inrush currents, the function is blocked
if the second harmonic content of the residual current is larger than 20% of the mea-
sured residual current.
158
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
The residual overcurrent protection can be set directional. The residual voltage is used
as a polarizing quantity. This voltage is either derived as the vectorial sum of inputs
U1+U2+U3 or as the input U4. The fault is defined to be in the forward direction if the
residual current component in the characteristic angle 65° (residual current lagging the
reference voltage, -3U0), is larger than the set operating current in forward direction.
The same kind of measurement is performed also in the reverse direction.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TEF--
7()
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRSOTF
BC START
STFW
STRV
xx00000203.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNGLUHFWLRQDODQGQRQGLUHFWLRQDO
TEF--
7()
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRSOTF
BC START
xx00000701.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNQRQGLUHFWLRQDO
159
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEF--BLKTR
1000ms
TEF--BC
t
TEF--TRSOTF
300ms &
t
Operation = ON
&
3Io>
t1
Def/NI/VI/EI/LOG >1 TEF--TRIP
>1 t &
EFCh
k &
IMin
3Io
50ms
TEF--BLOCK
t
Option: 'LUHFWLRQDOFKHFN
Direction
= Directional
EF3IoSTD &
3Iox TEF--STFW
2fn 100% FORW ARD & &
cos (φ-65)
3Uo
60% REVERSE
&
TEF--STRV
0.01Un &
99000204.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUWKHUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
160
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH7() 7() IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/TEF
Characteristic Def, NI, VI, Def - Time delay characteristic for TEF
EI, LOG protection
Step: 1
161
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7()7LPHGHOD\HGQRQGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
Time multiplier for inverse time 0.05-1.10 in steps of According to IEC 60255-3
delay 0.01
162
Time delayed residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (TEF) &XUUHQW
I = Imeas/Iset
163
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
)RXUVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDO
RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ ()
$SSOLFDWLRQ
In solidly earthed systems the four step residual overcurrent protection can be used in a
similar way as a distance protection. As the majority of the faults involve earth connec-
tion, the protection will be able to clear most of the faults in these systems. All four steps
can be non-directional or directional.
One example of a normal application of the four step residual overcurrent protection
can be described as follows: The instantaneous and directional step 1 will normally cov-
er most of the line. The rest of the line is covered by the directional and delayed step 2.
Step 2 will also detect and trip earth faults on the remote busbar. The directional step 3
has a longer time delay and will act as a selective protection for earth faults with some
degree of fault resistance. The sensitive step 4 has the longest delay. This step will de-
tect and clear high resistive earth faults as well as the majority of series faults.
The four step residual overcurrent protection can also be used together with the com-
munication logic for residual overcurrent protection, in order to realize blocking or per-
missive overreaching communication schemes.
Scheme communication logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFC) and Current re-
versal and weak-end infeed logic for residual overcurrent protection (EFCA) are auto-
matically included in (EF4).
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The function operates on the basis of the residual current and voltage measurement. The
function has four steps with individual settings (current, delay, directionality, second
harmonic restrained etc.). Step 1, 2 and 3 have independent time delay. The time delay
for step 4 can be selected between definite or inverse mode of operation.
For each step the current is compared to the set current of the step. Further the following
quantities are checked to be used as release or blocking of function from the steps:
• Direction, forward or reverse direction to the fault. The residual current component
lagging the reference (-3U0) voltage 65° is derived. If this current component is
larger than the directional current setting, forward direction is detected.
• The second harmonic of the residual current is derived. If this current is larger than
20/32 % of the total residual current, a signal is given that can be used for blocking
of the steps.
164
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
If the conditions for function is fulfilled for a step, a trip signal is given after the set time
delay.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
EF4--
($57+)/767(3
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRIN1
BC TRIN2
TRIN3
TRIN4
TRSOTF
START
STIN1
STIN2
STIN3
STIN4
STFW
STRV
2NDHARM
xx00000206.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
step1
Oper.mode Check of operation
mode and conditions
stfw-int
strv-int t1
& t EF4--TRIN1
e-int
trin1-int
IN1>
3I0
& EF4--STIN1
stin1-int
50 ms
EF4--BLOCK
t step 2 and 3 same as step 1.
EF4--BLKTR
99000057.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRILQWHUQDOIXQFWLRQ6WHS6WHSDQGVWHSDUH
GHVLJQHGLQWKHVDPHZD\
165
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
EF4--BLKTR
99000058.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRILQWHUQDOIXQFWLRQ6ZLWFKRQWRIDXOW
trsotf-int
trin1-int
trin2-int
trin3-int
50 ms
EF4--BLOCK
t
EF4--BLKTR
6WHS
Oper.mode
Check of operation EF4--TRIP
t4Min >1
mode and conditions
t t4
stfw-int & t
strv-int
e-int EF4--TRIN4
Def. &
Characteristic
Def/NI/VI/EI/LOG IN>Inv
Characteristic
3I0 EFCh
k block-int
IN4>
EF4--STIN4
IN> &
20/32%
EF4--START
>1
2fn e-int
&
±Σ
stin1-int
stin2-int
stin3-int
stfw-int
strv-int
99000059.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRILQWHUQDOIXQFWLRQVWHS
166
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
50 ms
EF4--BLOCK
t
'LUHFWLRQDOFKHFN
EF3I0STD
3I0 & EF4--STFW
3I0x 100% FORW ARD &
3fn cos(ϕ-65) stfw-int
3U0 60% REVERSE & EF4--STRV
& strv-int
0.01 Un
99000060.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRILQWHUQDOIXQFWLRQ'LUHFWLRQDOFKHFN
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHIRXUVWHSUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ ()
IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHIRXUVWHSUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ()
() IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
TRIP Trip
167
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/4StepEF
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHIRXUVWHSUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
() () IXQFWLRQ
NonDirNonRestr
ForwRelease
Restrained
ForwRelRestr
RevBlock
RevBIRestr
Step: 0.001
168
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Characteristic Def, NI, VI, EI, LOG Def Time delay operation step 4
169
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
SOTF Off, IN2 >, IN4>, Res Off Switch-onto-fault operation mode
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ())RXUVWHSWLPHGHOD\HGGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHF
WLRQ
170
Four step time delayed directional &KDSWHU
residual overcurrent protection (EF4) &XUUHQW
± 2.5% of I at I>Ir
I = Imeas/Iset
171
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (WEF1) &XUUHQW
6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQW
SURWHFWLRQ :()
$SSOLFDWLRQ
In isolated networks or in networks with high impedance earthing, the phase to earth
fault current is significantly smaller than the short circuit currents. In addition to this,
the magnitude of the fault current is almost independent on the fault location in the net-
work.
The protection uses the residual current component 3I0 cosϕ, where ϕ is the angle be-
tween the residual current and the reference voltage, compensated with a characteristic
angle. The characteristic angle is chosen to -90° in an isolated system. The characteris-
tic angle is chosen to 0° in compensated systems.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The function measures the residual current and voltage. The angle between the residual
voltage and residual current (angle between 3I0 and -3U0 i.e U0 is 180 degrees adjust-
ed) is calculated. This angle is used in two functions namely first to determine if the
fault is in forward or reverse direction, and secondly to calculate the residual current
component in the characteristic angle direction.
The residual current component in the characteristic angle direction is compared with
the set operating value. If this current component is larger than the setting this is one
criterion for function of the protection. The residual voltage is compared to a set oper-
ating value. If the measured voltage is larger than the setting this is another criterion for
the operation of the protection. If both the criteria are fulfilled and the set time delay has
elapsed, the function will give a trip signal.
Due to the demands on accuracy and sensitivity for this function, special current input
transformers must be used.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
WEF1-
:()
BLOCK TRIP
VTSU START
STU
STFW
STRV
xx00000558.vsd
172
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (WEF1) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BLOCK-WEF1=YES
≥1
BLOCK
VTSU
WEF1-STU
&
UN>
WEF1-START
&
INcosPhi> tTrip
WEF1-TRIP
& t
≥1
Direction=FW WEF1-STFW
&
FW
Direction=RV WEF1-STRV
&
RV
xx03000074.vsd
)LJXUH 6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQVLPSOLILHG
ORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHVHQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHF
WLRQ :() IXQFWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
173
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (WEF1) &XUUHQW
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHVHQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQW:()
:() SURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
START Non directional start, 3U0 > Uset and 3I0 cos ϕ > Iset
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/WattmetrEF1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
174
Sensitive directional residual overcurrent &KDSWHU
protection (WEF1) &XUUHQW
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH :()6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
175
Sensitive directional residual power &KDSWHU
protection (WEF2) &XUUHQW
6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDOSRZHUSURWHFWLRQ
:()
$SSOLFDWLRQ
In isolated networks or in networks with high impedance earthing, the phase to earth
fault current is significantly smaller than the short circuit currents. In addition to this,
the magnitude of the fault current is almost independent on the fault location in the net-
work.
The protection uses the residual power component 3U0 .3I0.cosϕ, where ϕ is the angle
between the residual current and the reference voltage, compensated with a character-
istic angle. The characteristic angle is chosen to -90° in an isolated system. The charac-
teristic angle is chosen to 0° in compensated systems.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The function measures the residual current and voltage. The angle between the residual
voltage and residual current is calculated. This angle is used in two functions namely
first to determine if the fault is in forward or reverse direction, and secondly to calculate
the residual power component in the characteristic angle direction.
The residual voltage (3U0) is compared with a setting value. The residual current (3I0)
is compared to a setting value. The residual power component in the characteristic angle
direction (SN) is compared to a power reference setting. If the power is larger than the
setting this is one criterion for function of the protection. The voltage and current mea-
surement are two other criteria that must be fulfilled for function. The information on
power is the input to a dependent time delay function. The function will give a trip sig-
nal when all three criteria for function are fulfilled and the time delay has elapsed.
Due to the demands on accuracy and sensitivity for this function, special current input
circuits must be used.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
WEF2-
:()
BLOCK TRIP
VTSU START
xx00000559.vsd
176
Sensitive directional residual power &KDSWHU
protection (WEF2) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BLOCK-WEF2=YES
≥1
BLOCK
VTSU
UN>
START
&
IN>
&
Direction=FW
&
FW
≥1
Direction=RV
&
RV
en01000184.vsd
)LJXUH 6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDOSRZHUSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLF
GLDJUDP
177
Sensitive directional residual power &KDSWHU
protection (WEF2) &XUUHQW
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHVHQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDOSRZHUSURWHFWLRQ
:() IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHVHQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDOSRZHUSURWHFWLRQ
:() :() IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/WattmetrEF2
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
178
Sensitive directional residual power &KDSWHU
protection (WEF2) &XUUHQW
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH :()6HQVLWLYHGLUHFWLRQDOUHVLGXDOSRZHUSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
179
Scheme communication logic for residual &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW
6FKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLFIRUUHVLGXDO
RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ ()&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The EFC directional comparison function contains logic for blocking overreaching and
permissive overreaching schemes. The function is applicable together with a directional
residual overcurrent protection in order to decrease the total operate time of a complete
scheme.
One communication channel, which can transmit an on / off signal, is required in each
direction. It is recommended to use the complementary additional communication logic
EFCA, if the weak infeed and/or current reversal conditions are expected together with
permissive overreaching scheme.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The communication logic for residual overcurrent protection contains logics for block-
ing overreach and permissive overreach schemes.
In the blocking scheme a signal is sent to the remote end of the line if the directional
element, in the directional residual overcurrent protection (sending end), detects the
fault in the reverse direction. If no blocking signal is received and the directional ele-
ment, in the directional residual overcurrent protection (receiving end), detects the fault
in the forward direction, a trip signal will be sent after a settable time delay.
In the permissive overreach scheme a signal is sent to the remote end of the line if the
directional element, in the directional residual overcurrent protection (sending end), de-
tects the fault in the forward direction. If an acceleration signal is received and the di-
rectional element, in the directional residual overcurrent protection (receiving end),
detects the fault in the forward direction, a trip signal will be sent, normally with no time
delay. In case of risk for fault current reversal or weak end infeed, an additional logic
can be used to take care of this.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
EFC--
()&
BLOCK TRIP
CACC CS
CSPRM CRL
CSBLK
CR
xx00000204.vsd
180
Scheme communication logic for residual &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
EFC-CS
EFC-CSBLK &
EFC-BLOCK 0-60 s 25 ms
EFC-TRIP
& t t
EFC-CACC
t Coord
50 ms
EFC-CR t
EFC-CRL
&
99000107.vsd
EFC-BLOCK
EFC-CRL
EFC-CR &
25 ms
& EFC-TRIP
0-60 s t
EFC-CACC &
t
50 ms
t Coord
t
>1 EFC-CS
EFC-CSBLK
&
EFC-CSPRM &
99000108.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH()& ()& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
181
Scheme communication logic for residual &KDSWHU
overcurrent protection (EFC) &XUUHQW
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/EFCom
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ()&6FKHPHFRPPXQLFDWLRQORJLFIRUUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHF
WLRQ
182
Current reversal and weak end infeed &KDSWHU
logic for &XUUHQW
residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
&XUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLFIRU
UHVLGXDO RYHUFXUUHQW SURWHFWLRQ ()&$
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The EFCA additional communication logic is a supplement to the EFC scheme com-
munication logic for the residual overcurrent protection.
To achieve fast fault clearing for all earth faults on the line, the directional earth-fault
protection function can be supported with logic, that uses communication channels.
REx 5xx terminals have for this reason available additions to scheme communication
logic.
If parallel lines are connected to common busbars at both terminals, overreaching per-
missive communication schemes can trip unselectively due to fault current reversal.
This unwanted tripping affects the healthy line when a fault is cleared on the other line.
This lack of security can result in a total loss of interconnection between the two bus-
es.To avoid this type of disturbance, a fault current-reversal logic (transient blocking
logic) can be used.
'HVLJQ
The reverse directed signal from the directional residual overcurrent function, starts the
operation of a current reversal logic. The output signal, from the logic, will be activated,
if the fault has been detected in reverse direction for more than the tPickUp time set on
the corresponding timers. The tDelay timer delays the reset of the output signal. The
signal blocks the operation of the overreach permissive scheme for residual current, and
thus prevents unwanted operation due to fault current reversal.
The weak end infeed logic uses normally a forward and reverse signal from the direc-
tional residual overcurrent function. The weak end infeed logic echoes back the re-
ceived permissive signal, if none of the directional measuring elements have been
activated during the last 200 ms. Further, it can be set to give signal to trip the breaker
if the echo conditions are fulfilled and the residual voltage is above the set operate value
for 3U0>.
183
Current reversal and weak end infeed &KDSWHU
logic for &XUUHQW
residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
)XQFWLRQEORFN
EFCA-
()&$
BLOCK TRWEI
IRV IRVL
IRVBLK ECHO
CBOPEN
WEIBLK
CRL
xx00000205
/RJLFGLDJUDP
EFCA-BLOCK
0-60 s 10 ms 0-60 s 0-60 s
EFCA-IRV EFCA-IRVL
t t t & t
99000053.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPFXUUHQWUHYHUVDOORJLF
EFCA-BLOCK
200 ms
EFCA-WEIBLK 50 ms 200 ms EFCA-ECHO
t &
& t t
EFCA-CRL
WEI = Echo
99000055.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPZHDNHQGLQIHHG(FKRORJLF
184
Current reversal and weak end infeed &KDSWHU
logic for &XUUHQW
residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
EFCA-BLOCK
200 ms
EFCA-WEIBLK 50 ms 200 ms EFCA-ECHO
t &
& t t
EFCA-CRL
EFCA-TRWEI
WEI = Trip &
EFCA-ST3U0
&
EFCA-CBOPEN
99000056.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPZHDNHQGLQIHHG7ULSORJLF
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH()&$ ()&$ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/EarthFault/ComIRevWeiEF
185
Current reversal and weak end infeed &KDSWHU
logic for &XUUHQW
residual overcurrent protection (EFCA)
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHFXUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLF
IRUUHVLGXDORYHUFXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ()&$ ()&$ IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ()&$&XUUHQWUHYHUVDODQGZHDNHQGLQIHHGORJLFIRUUHVLGXDORYHU
FXUUHQWSURWHFWLRQ
Operate voltage for WEI trip, U> 5-70 % of U1b in steps of 1% ± 5% of set value
186
Thermal phase overload protection &KDSWHU
(THOL) &XUUHQW
7KHUPDOSKDVHRYHUORDGSURWHFWLRQ 7+2/
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Load currents that exceed the permissible continuous value may cause damage to the
conductors and isolation due to overheating. The permissible load current will vary with
the ambient temperature.
The THOL thermal overcurrent function supervises the phase currents and provides a
reliable protection against damage caused by excessive currents. The temperature com-
pensation gives a reliable thermal protection even when the ambient temperature has
large variations.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The final temperature rise of an object relative the ambient temperature is proportional
to the square of the current. The rate of temperature rise is determined by the magnitude
of the current and the thermal time constant of the object. The same time constant de-
termines the rate of temperature decrease when the current is decreased.
The thermal overload function uses the highest phase current. The temperature change
is continuously calculated and added to the figure for the temperature stored in the ther-
mal memory. When temperature compensation is used, the ambient temperature is add-
ed to the calculated temperature rise. If no compensation is used, 20o C is added as a
fixed value. The calculated temperature of the object is then compared to the set values
for alarm and trip.
The information on the ambient temperature is received via a transducer input with for
example 0 - 10 mA or 4 - 20 mA.
The output signal THOL--TRIP has a duration of 50 ms. The output signal THOL--
START remains activated as long as the calculated temperature is higher than the set
trip value minus a settable temperature difference TdReset (hysteresis). The output sig-
nal THOL--ALARM has a fixed hysteresis of 5o C.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
THOL-
7+2/
BLOCK ALARM
TRIP
START
xx00000634.vsd
187
Thermal phase overload protection &KDSWHU
(THOL) &XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
50 ms
THOL_TRIP
IL 1 &
THOL_START
Θ
MAX
IL 2
IL 3
THOL_ALARM
&
THOL_BLOCK
en01000085.vsd
)LJXUH 7KHUPDORYHUORDGSURWHFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH7+2/ 7+2/ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
START Start signal which is reset when the temperature drops below
the resetting level
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/ThermOverLoad
188
Thermal phase overload protection &KDSWHU
(THOL) &XUUHQW
NonComp,
Comp
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
189
Thermal phase overload protection &KDSWHU
(THOL) &XUUHQW
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7+2/7KHUPDOSKDVHRYHUORDGSURWHFWLRQ
Base current
Time constant
Alarm temperature
Trip temperature
7DEOH 7KHUPDORYHUORDGSURWHFWLRQP$LQSXW
190
Thermal phase overload protection &KDSWHU
(THOL) &XUUHQW
191
Stub protection (STUB) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
6WXESURWHFWLRQ 678%
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The stub protection operates for faults in the parts of 1 1/2 and ring bus station config-
urations, which cannot be protected by the distance protection function if the line iso-
lators are opened. The use of the function can be extended to various other purposes,
when a three phase overcurrent protection can operate only under special external con-
ditions.
'HVLJQ
The function operates as a three phase instantaneous overcurrent protection. The func-
tion is released when the line disconnector is open; a normally closed auxiliary contact
of the line disconnector has to be connected to the STUB-RELEASE functional input
by configuration.
The operating level of the overcurrent protection is settable over a wide range.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
STUB-
678%
BLOCK TRIP
RELEASE
xx00000199.vsd
192
Stub protection (STUB) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockSTUB = Yes
STUB-BLOCK >1
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH
STUB-TRIP
STIL1 &
STIL2 >1
STIL3
STUB-RELEASE
99000485.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIVWXESURWHFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH678% 678% IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
193
Stub protection (STUB) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Stub
Step: 1
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 678%6WXESURWHFWLRQ
±2.5 % of I at I > Ir
194
Breaker failure protection (BFP) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
%UHDNHUIDLOXUHSURWHFWLRQ %)3
$SSOLFDWLRQ
In many protection applications local redundancy is used. One part of the fault clear-
ance system is however never duplicated, namely the circuit breaker. Therefore a break-
er failure protection can be used.
The breaker failure protection is initiated by trip signals from different protection func-
tions within or outside the protection terminal. When a trip signal is sent to the breaker
failure protection first, with no or a very short delay, a re-trip signal can be sent to the
protected breaker. If fault current is flowing through the breaker still after a setting time
a back-up trip signal is sent to the adjacent breakers. This will ensure fault clearance
also if the circuit breaker is out of order.
'HVLJQ
The breaker failure protection function is initiated by the trip commands from protec-
tion functions placed either inside the same terminal or externally, by connection to ap-
propriate binary inputs. A dedicated input is available for general starting.
Three separate functional inputs are also available for single-phase starting
The operate value of the phase segregated current measuring elements is settable within
a wide range. Three independent timers t2 are available for phase segregated breaker
failure detection.
An additional timer t1 for retrip command is available. Dedicated setting allows to en-
able or disable the retrip or to perform it by current check or not. Retrip to the faulty
circuit breaker can be issued single phase or three phase.
Special adaptive algorithm (ASD), together with RMS measurement, allow a fast reset-
ting time of the current measuring elements. The current measurement is stabilised
against transients which can cause unwanted operation with saturated current trans-
formers.
195
Breaker failure protection (BFP) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
)XQFWLRQEORFN
%)3
BLOCK TRBU
START TRRET
STL1 TRRETL1
STL2 TRRETL2
STL3 TRRETL3
xx00000200.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST
Block BFP=Yes
&
≥1
TEST-ACTIVE t2
t tp
BFP-TRBU
BFP-BLOCK ≥1
&
t1 tp
STIL1 & t
BFP-START
BFP-TRRET
≥1 ≥1
BFP-STL1
&
t2
t
& BFP-TRRETL1
t1 tp
STIL2
& t BFP-TRRETL2
BFP-START RETRIP=I>Check
≥1
BFP-STL2 BFP-TRRETL3
&
RETRIP=No I>Check
t2
t
&
t1 tp
STIL3
& t
BFP-START
≥1
BFP-STL3
&
xx03000080.vsd
)LJXUH /RJLFGLDJUDPIRUEUHDNHUIDLOXUHSURWHFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHEUHDNHUIDLOXUHSURWHFWLRQ %)3 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
196
Breaker failure protection (BFP) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
TRRET Retrip
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/BreakerFailure
Step: 1
197
Breaker failure protection (BFP) &KDSWHU
&XUUHQW
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH %)3%UHDNHUIDLOXUHSURWHFWLRQ
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
198
About this chapter &KDSWHU
9ROWDJH
&KDSWHU 9ROWDJH
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the voltage protection functions.
199
Time delayed undervoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TUV) 9ROWDJH
7LPHGHOD\HGXQGHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ 789
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The time delayed undervoltage protection function, TUV, is applicable in all situations,
where reliable detection of low phase voltages is necessary. The function can also be
used as a supervision and fault detection function for some other protection functions,
to increase the security of a complete protection system.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
789
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR STL1
VTSU STL2
STL3
START
xx00000207.vsd
200
Time delayed undervoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TUV) 9ROWDJH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TUV-BLKTR
TEST
TUV--TEST
&
Block TUV=Yes >1
TUV-BLOCK
TUV-VTSU
&
TUV--STUL1N
TUV-STL2
TUV-STL3
xx03000076.vsd
)LJXUH 8QGHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH789 789 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
201
Time delayed undervoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TUV) 9ROWDJH
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/TimeDelayUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHWLPHGHOD\HGXQGHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ789
789 IXQFWLRQ
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7897LPHGHOD\HGXQGHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ
202
Time delayed overvoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TOV) 9ROWDJH
7LPHGHOD\HGRYHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ 729
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The time delayed phase overvoltage protection is used to protect the electrical equip-
ment and its insulation against overvoltage by measuring three phase voltages. In this
way, it prevents the damage to the exposed primary and secondary equipment in the
power systems.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The phase overvoltage protection function continuously measures the three phase volt-
ages and initiates the corresponding output signals if the measured phase voltages ex-
ceed the preset value (starting) and remain high longer than the time delay setting on
the timers (trip). This function also detects the phases which caused the operation.
The residual overvoltage protection function calculates the residual voltage (3U0) from
the measuring three phase voltages and initiates the corresponding output signals if the
residual voltage is larger than the preset value (starting) and remains high longer than
the time delay setting (trip).
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TOV--
729
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRPE
TRN
STPE
STL1
STL2
STL3
STN
xx00000217.vsd
)LJXUH 729IXQFWLRQEORFNSKDVHDQGUHVLGXDORYHUYROWDJH
203
Time delayed overvoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TOV) 9ROWDJH
TOV--
729
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRPE
STPE
en02000667.vsd
TOV--
729
BLOCK TRIP
BLKTR TRN
STN
xx00000687.vsd
)LJXUH 729IXQFWLRQEORFNUHVLGXDORYHUYROWDJH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TOV--BLKTR
TEST
TOV--TEST
& ≥1
Block TOV=Yes
TOV-BLOCK
TOV--STUL1N
& ≥1
TOV-TRIP
TOV-TRPE
& ≥1 & t
TOV--STUL2N
TOV-STPE
TOV--STUL3N
&
TOV-STL1
TOV-STL2
TOV-STL3
TOV-STN
TOV--ST3UO
& & TOV-TRN
t
xx03000077.vsd
)LJXUH 729ORJLFGLDJUDP
204
Time delayed overvoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TOV) 9ROWDJH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH729 729 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/TimeDelayOV
205
Time delayed overvoltage protection &KDSWHU
(TOV) 9ROWDJH
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7297LPHGHOD\HGRYHUYROWDJHSURWHFWLRQ
± 2.5 % of U at U > Ur
± 2.5 % of U at U > Ur
206
About this chapter &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
&KDSWHU 3RZHUV\VWHP
VXSHUYLVLRQ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the power system supervision functions.
207
Broken conductor check (BRC) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
%URNHQFRQGXFWRUFKHFN %5&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the BRC broken conductor check function is the detection of bro-
ken conductors on protected power lines and cables (series faults). It is also able to de-
tect interruptions in the secondary current circuits.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The BRC function detects a broken conductor condition by detecting the non symmetry
between currents in the three phases. It does this by measuring the difference between
the maximum and minimum phase currents, i.e. it compares the magnitude of the min-
imum current with that of the maximum current, and gives an output if the minimum
current is less than 80% of the maximum current for a set time interval. At the same
time, the highest current must be higher than a set percentage of the terminal rated cur-
rent.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
BRC--
%5&
BLOCK TRIP
xx00000208.vsd
208
Broken conductor check (BRC) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockBRC = Yes
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH
BRC--BLOCK >1 t
BRC--TRIP
& t
8QV\PPHWULFDO
&XUUHQW'HWHFWLRQ
STI
99000494.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIEURNHQFRQGXFWRUFKHFNIXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH%5& %5& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/BrokenConduct
209
Broken conductor check (BRC) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
Step: 1
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH %5&%URNHQFRQGXFWRUFKHFN
210
Loss of voltage check (LOV) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RVVRIYROWDJHFKHFN /29
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The loss of voltage detection, LOV, is suitable for use in networks with an automatic
restoration function. The LOV function issues a three-pole trip command to the circuit
breaker, if all three phase voltages fall below the set value for a time longer than 7 sec-
onds, and the circuit breaker remains closed.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The operation of LOV function is based on line voltage measurement. The function is
provided with a logic, which automatically recognises if the line was restored for at
least three seconds before starting the seven seconds timer. Additionally, the function
is automatically blocked if only one or two phase voltages have been detected low for
more than 10 seconds. The LOV function operates again only if the line has been fully
energised.
Operation of LOV function is also inhibited by fuse failure and open circuit breaker in-
formation signals, by their connection to dedicated inputs of the function block.
The operation of the function is supervised by the fuse-failure function and the infor-
mation about the closed position of the associated circuit breaker.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
LOV--
/29
BLOCK TRIP
CBOPEN
VTSU
xx00000209.vsd
211
Loss of voltage check (LOV) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockLOV = Yes
LOV--
BLOCK >1
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH 7s 150 ms
LOV--TRIP
STUL1N & t
STUL2N &
RQO\RUSKDVHVDUHORZIRU
/DWFKHG DWOHDVWV QRWWKUHH
STUL3N (QDEOH
&
10 s
>1 t
LOV--
CBOPE
N 5HVHW(QDEOH
>1
&
LOV--
VTSU
3s
>1 6HW(QDEOH
t
>1
/LQHUHVWRUHGIRU
DWOHDVWV
99000488.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIORVVRIYROWDJHFKHFNSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH/29 /29 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
212
Loss of voltage check (LOV) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Function/Groupn/LossOfVoltage
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH /29/RVVRIYROWDJHFKHFN
213
Overload supervision (OVLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
2YHUORDGVXSHUYLVLRQ 29/'
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The overload protection, OVLD, prevents excessive loading of power transformers,
lines and cables.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The function continuously measures the three phase currents flowing through the ter-
minal. If any of the three currents is beyond the preset overcurrent threshold for a time
longer than the preset value, a trip signal is activated.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
29/'
BLOCK TRIP
xx00000210.vsd
214
Overload supervision (OVLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockOVLD = Yes
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH
OVLD-BLOCK >1
STIL1
t
OVLD-TRIP
& t
STIL2 >1
STIL3
99000491.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIRYHUORDGVXSHUYLVLRQIXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH29/' 29/' IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
215
Overload supervision (OVLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/OverLoad
Step: 0.1
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 29/'2YHUORDGVXSHUYLVLRQIXQFWLRQ
± 2.5% of I at I>Ir
0.1 s
216
Dead line detection (DLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
'HDGOLQHGHWHFWLRQ '/'
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the dead line detection is to provide different protection, control
and monitoring functions with the status of the line, i.e whether or not it is connected to
the rest of the power system.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The dead line detection function continuously measures all three phase currents and
phase voltages of a protected power line. The line is declared as dead (not energized) if
all three measured currents and voltages fall below the preset values for more than
200 ms.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
DLD--
'/'
BLOCK START
STIL1
STIL2
STIL3
STUL1
STUL2
STUL3
STPH
xx00000189.vsd
217
Dead line detection (DLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
DLD--BLOCK
STMIL1 DLD--STIL1
&
STMIL2 DLD--STIL2
&
STMIL3 DLD--STIL3
&
STUL1N DLD--STUL1
&
STUL2N DLD--STUL2
&
STUL3N DLD--STUL3
&
>1 DLD--STPH
& &
&
& DLD--START
&
&
en00000493.vsd
)LJXUH '/'VLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIDIXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH'/' '/' IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
218
Dead line detection (DLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/DeadLineDet
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '/''HDGOLQHGHWHFWLRQ
Automatic check of dead Operate phase current, IP< (5-100) % of I1b in ± 2.5 % of Ir
line condition steps of 1%
219
Dead line detection (DLD) &KDSWHU
3RZHUV\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
220
About this chapter &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
&KDSWHU 6HFRQGDU\V\VWHP
VXSHUYLVLRQ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the secondary system supervision functions.
221
Current circuit supervision, current based &KDSWHU
(CTSU) 6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
&XUUHQWFLUFXLWVXSHUYLVLRQFXUUHQWEDVHG &768
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Faulty information about current flows in a protected element might influence the se-
curity (line differential protection) or dependability (line distance protection) of a com-
plete protection system.
The main purpose of the current circuit supervision function is to detect different faults
in the current secondary circuits and influence the operation of corresponding main pro-
tection functions.
The signal can be configured to block different protection functions or initiate an alarm.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The function compares the sum of the three phase currents from one current transformer
core with a reference zero sequence current from another current transformer core.
The function issues an output signal when the difference is greater than the set value.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
CTSU-
&768
BLOCK FAIL
ALARM
xx00000211.vsd
222
Current circuit supervision, current based &KDSWHU
(CTSU) 6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
CTSU-BLOCK
I>
+
I L1
-
∑
IL2 ∑
IL3 + +
∑ ∑
+ x 0,8 -
I ref
1,5 x Ir
& CTSU-FAIL
10 ms >1
>1
20 ms 100 ms
CTSU-ALARM
150 ms 1s
OPERATION
en03000115.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUWKHFXUUHQWFLUFXLWVXSHUYLVLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH&768 &768 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/CTSupervision
223
Current circuit supervision, current based &KDSWHU
(CTSU) 6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
Step: 1
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH &768&XUUHQWFLUFXLWVXSHUYLVLRQFXUUHQWEDVHG
224
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
)XVHIDLOXUHVXSHUYLVLRQ )86(
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The fuse failure supervision function, FUSE, continuously supervises the ac voltage cir-
cuits between the voltage instrument transformers and the terminal. Different output
signals can be used to block, in case of faults in the ac voltage secondary circuits, the
operation of the distance protection and other voltage-dependent functions, such as the
synchro-check function, undervoltage protection, etc.
Different measurement principles are available for the fuse failure supervision function.
A criterion based on delta current and delta voltage measurements can be added to the
FUSE function in order to detect a three phase fuse failure, which in practice is more
associated with voltage transformer switching during station operations.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The FUSE function based on the zero sequence measurement principle continuously
measures the zero sequence current and voltage in all three phases. It operates if the
measured zero sequence voltage increases over preset operating value, and if the mea-
sured zero sequence current remains below the preset operating value.
The di/dt and du/dt algorithm, detects a fuse failure if a sufficient negative change in
voltage amplitude without a sufficient change in current amplitude is detected in each
phase separately. This check is performed if the circuit breaker is closed. Information
about the circuit breaker position is brought to the function input CBCLOSED through
a binary input of the terminal.
Three output signals are available. The first depends directly on the voltage and current
measurement. The second depends on the operation of the dead line detection function,
to prevent unwanted operation of the distance protection if the line has been deener-
gised and energised under fuse failure conditions. The third depends on the loss of all
three measured voltages. A special function input serves the connection to the auxiliary
contact of a miniature circuit breaker, MCB (if used), to secure correct operation of the
function on simultaneous interruption of all three measured phase voltages also when
the additional delta current and delta voltage algorithm is not present in the function
block.
225
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
)XQFWLRQEORFN
FUSE-
)86(
BLOCK VTSU
MCB VTSZ
DISC VTF3PH
DLCND
CBCLOSED
xx00000212.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFN)86(IXQFWLRQLQFOXGLQJ'8'WEDVHG
FUSE-
)86(
BLOCK VTSU
MCB VTSZ
DISC VTF3PH
DLCND
xx01000096.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFN]HURVHTXHQFH
226
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
/RJLFGLDJUDP
20 ms
STORE3PH 6WRUHLQQRQYRODWLOH
$OOYROWDJHV )86(6725(3+
)URPQRQYRODWLOH
PHPRU\ DUHORZ ≥1
&
&
FUSE-VTF3PH
$OOYROWDJHV ≥1
DUHKLJK
STUL1N 5HVHW/DWFK
≥1
)XVHIDLOXUHIRU
STUL2N PRUHWKDQV
STUL3N
)XVH)DLOXUH
'HWHFWLRQ &
5s
t
STZERO ≥1
& FUSE-VTSU
6HW/DWFK ≥1
150 ms
t
)XQFWLRQ(QDEOH
'HDG/LQH
200 ms
%ORFN
FUSE-DLCND & FUSE-VTSZ
t ≥1
FUSE-MCB &
FUSE-DISC &
FUSE-BLOCK
TEST ≥1
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockFUSE= Yes
99000500.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUIXVHIDLOXUHVXSHUYLVLRQIXQFWLRQ]HURVH
TXHQFH
227
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
20 ms
STORE3PH 6WRUHLQQRQYRODWLOH
)86(6725(3+
)URPQRQYRODWLOH $OOYROWDJHV
PHPRU\ DUHORZ
>1
&
&
FUSE-VTF3PH
>1
$OOYROWDJHV
DUHKLJK 5HVHW
STUL1N
/DWFK
>1 )XVHIDLOXUHIRU
STUL2N
PRUHWKDQV
STDUDIL1
& STUL3N
IL1>
STDUDIL2 )XVH)DLOXUH
IL2>
& 'HWHFWLRQ &
5s
& STDUDI >1 t
STDUDIL3
& ≥1
IL3> & FUSE-VTSU
6HW/DWFK >1
150 ms
& )XQFWLRQ t
(QDEOH
FUSE-CBCLOSED
'HDG/LQH
%ORFN
200 ms
FUSE-DLCND & FUSE-VTSZ
t >1
FUSE-MCB &
FUSE-DISC &
FUSE-BLOCK
>1
TEST
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockFUSE= Yes
xx03000081.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUIXVHIDLOXUHVXSHUYLVLRQIXQFWLRQGXGWEDVHG
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH)86( )86( IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
228
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/FuseFailure
Step: 1
229
Fuse failure supervision (FUSE) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
Step: 1
Step: 1
1RWH
3DUDPHWHUG8G,LVRQO\SRVVLEOHWRFKDQJHLQWKHORFDO+0,
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH )86(]V)XVHIDLOXUHVXSHUYLVLRQ]HURVHTXHQFH
7DEOH )86(GE)XVHIDLOXUHVXSHUYLVLRQGXGWDQGGLGWEDVHG
230
Voltage transformer supervision (TCT) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
9ROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUVXSHUYLVLRQ 7&7
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the voltage transformer supervision function is to indicate failure
in the measuring voltage from a capacitive voltage transformer.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The voltage transformer supervision function checks all of the three phase-phase volt-
ages and the residual voltage. If the residual voltage exceeds the setpoint value and any
of the phase-phase voltages is higher than 80% of the rated phase-phase voltage the out-
put is activated after a settable time delay.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TCT--
7&7
BLOCK START
VTSU
xx00000618.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
STUPP1
STUPP2 >1
STUPP3 tDelay
& t START
&
STUR
BLOCK
>1
VTSU 1
en01000001.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP7&7IXQFWLRQ
231
Voltage transformer supervision (TCT) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH7&7 7&7 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/VoltageTransfS
Step: 0.1
232
Voltage transformer supervision (TCT) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 7&79ROWDJHWUDQVIRUPHUVXSHUYLVLRQ
233
Voltage transformer supervision (TCT) &KDSWHU
6HFRQGDU\V\VWHPVXSHUYLVLRQ
234
About this chapter &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
&KDSWHU &RQWURO
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the control functions.
235
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
6\QFKURFKHFNDQGHQHUJL]LQJFKHFN 6<1
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the synchrocheck function is to provide controlled closing of cir-
cuit breakers in interconnected networks.
The main purpose of the energizing check function is to facilitate the controlled recon-
nection of a disconnected line or bus to, respectively, an energized bus or line.
The main purpose of the synchronizing function is to provide controlled closing of cir-
cuit breakers when two asynchronous systems are going to be connected. It is used for
slip frequencies that are larger than those for synchrocheck.
The synchronizing function is only available together with the synchrocheck and ener-
gizing check functions.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The synchrocheck function measures the conditions across the circuit breaker and com-
pares them to set limits. The output is only given when all measured conditions are si-
multaneously within their set limits.
The energizing check function measures the bus and line voltages and compares them
to both high and low threshold detectors. The output is only given when the actual mea-
sured conditions match the set conditions.
The synchronizing measures the conditions across the circuit breaker, and also deter-
mines the angle change during the closing delay of the circuit breaker from the mea-
sured slip frequency. The output is only given when all measured conditions are
simultaneously within their set limits. The issue of the output is timed to give closure at
the optimal time.
6LQJOHEUHDNHU
For single circuit breaker arrangements, the SYN function blocks have the capability to
make the necessary voltage selection. For single circuit breaker arrangements, selection
of the correct voltage is made using auxiliary contacts of the bus disconnection.
236
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
)XQFWLRQEORFN
SYN1-
6<1
BLOCK AUTOOK
VTSU MANOK
UB1FF VSUB1
UB1OK VSUB2
UB2FF UDIFF
UB2OK FRDIFF
CB1OPEN PHDIFF
CB1CLD
CB2OPEN
CB2CLD
xx00000690.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOH&%
SYN1-
6<1
BLOCK AUTOOK
VTSU MANOK
UB1FF UDIFF
UB1OK FRDIFF
PHDIFF
xx00000691.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUGRXEOH&%
SYN1-
6<1
BLOCK AUTOOK
VTSU MANOK
UB1FF VSUB1
UB1OK VSUB2
UB2FF TESTCB
UB2OK CLOSECB
START INPROGR
CB1OPEN UDIFF
CB1CLD FRDIFF
CB2OPEN PHDIFF
CB2CLD
xx00000692.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOH&%ZLWKSKDVLQJ
237
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
SYN1-
6<1
BLOCK AUTOOK
VTSU MANOK
UB1FF TESTCB
UB1OK CLOSECB
START INPROGR
UDIFF
FRDIFF
PHDIFF
xx00000693.vsd
)LJXUH )XQFWLRQEORFNIRUGRXEOH&%ZLWKSKDVLQJ
238
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
/RJLFGLDJUDP
SYNCHROCHECK
SYN1
OPERATION
OFF = 0
ON = 1
RELEASE
SYN1-BLOCK
UDiff
50 ms
UBusHigh & t 0.00-60.0s
ULineHigh & t ≥1 & SYN1-AUTOOK
FreqDiff t Sync
UDIFF
FRDIFF
PHDIFF
ENERGIZING CHECK
AutoEnerg.
OFF
Both
≥1
DLLB &
DBLL 50 ms 0.00-60.0s
≥1 AUTOENERG1
≥1 t & t
UL High &
UL Low
UB High
UB Low
UENERG1OK
ManEnerg.
OFF
Both
≥1
DLLB &
DBLL
≥1 50 ms 0.00-60.0s MANENERG1
t & t
& ≥1
≥1
ManDBDL &
OFF
ON
en01000107.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPV\QFKURFKHFNDQGHQHUJL]LQJFKHFN7KHLQWHUQDO
VLJQDO8(1(5*2.UHIHUVWRWKHYROWDJHVHOHFWLRQORJLF
239
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
SYN1
OPERATION SYNCH
OFF
ON
TEST MODE
OFF
ON
UDiff
50 ms
& SYN1-CLOSECB
UBusHigh & t
ULineHigh >1
FreqDiffSynch
&
FreqDiff >1 SYN1-TESTCB
dF/dt Bus
tPulse
dF/dt Line
&
&
Fbus ± 5 Hz
Fline ± 5 Hz
PhaseDiff=closing angle
&
SYN1-AUTOOK
&
SYN1-MANOK
99000090.vsd
)LJXUH 6<1SKDVLQJVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP7KHLQSXWVLJQDOV6<1$8722.
DQG6<10$12.GHULYHIURPWKHV\QFKURFKHFNDQGHQHUJL]LQJORJLF
240
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
S Y N 1 -C B 1 O P E N
&
S Y N 1 -C B 1 C L D ≥1 S Y N 1 -V S U B 1
U5 S Y N 1 - U -B U S
S Y N 1 -C B 2 O P E N
& 1 S Y N 1 -V S U B 2
S Y N 1 -C B 2 C L D U4
S Y N 1 -U B 1 O K
≥1 &
UENERG1OK
S Y N 1 -U B 1 F F ≥1
S Y N 1 -U B 2 O K
≥1 &
S Y N 1 -U B 2 F F
S Y N 1 -V T S U
9 9 0 0 0 0 8 9 .v s d
)LJXUH 6<1VLPSOLILHGYROWDJHVHOHFWLRQORJLFLQDGRXEOHEXVVLQJOHEUHDNHUDU
UDQJHPHQW
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH6<1 6<1 IXQFWLRQEORFNIRUVLQJOHFLUFXLW
EUHDNHU
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
241
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
PHDIFF Difference in phase angle is less than the set difference limit
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
PHDIFF Difference in phase angle is less than the set difference limit
242
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
PHDIFF Difference in phase angle is less than the set difference limit
243
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
PHDIFF Difference in phase angle is less than the set difference limit
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/SynchroCheck 1-4
244
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 1
Step: 1
245
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 0.001
246
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 1
Step: 0.001
Step: 1
247
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 1
Step: 1
248
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
249
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 1
Step: 1
250
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.01
251
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 6<16\QFKURFKHFNDQGHQHUJL]LQJFKHFN
Synchrocheck:
Frequency difference limit, FreqDiff 50-300 mHz in steps of 10 mHz ≤20 mHz
Energizing check:
7DEOH 6\QFKURFKHFNDQGHQHUJL]LQJFKHFNJHQHUDO
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
Synchrocheck:
Energizing check:
252
Synchrocheck and energizing check &KDSWHU
(SYN) &RQWURO
7DEOH 6<16\QFKURFKHFNZLWKV\QFKURQL]LQJDQGHQHUJL]LQJFKHFN
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
253
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
$XWRUHFORVHU $5
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The majority of power line faults are transient in nature, i.e. they do not recur when the
line is re-energized following disconnection. The main purpose of the AR automatic re-
closing function is to automatically return power lines to service following their discon-
nection for fault conditions.
To meet the different single, double or 1 and 1/2 circuit breaker arrangements, one, two,
three, or six identical AR function blocks may be provided within a single terminal. The
actual number of these function blocks that may be included within any given terminal
depends on the type of terminal. Therefore, the specific circuit breaker arrangements
that can be catered for, or the number of bays of a specific arrangement that can be ca-
tered for, depends on the type of terminal.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The AR function is a logical function built up from logical elements. It operates in con-
junction with the trip output signals from the line protection functions, the OK to close
output signals from the synchrocheck and energizing check function, and binary input
signals. The binary input signals can be for circuit breaker position/status or from other
external protection functions.
The AR function has a priority selection capability that enables reclosing coordination
for double and 1 and 1/2 circuit breaker arrangements. Reclosing of the circuit breakers
will take place sequentially. No reclosing of the second circuit breaker will occur if re-
closure of the first was unsuccessful due to reclosure on to a persistent fault.
Of the six reclosing programs, one provides for three-pole reclosing only, while the oth-
ers provide for single- and two-pole reclosing as well. For the latter, only the first shot
may be single- or two-pole. All subsequent shots up to the maximum number will be
three-pole. For some of the programs, depending on the initial trip, no shot, or only one
shot, will be permitted irrespective of the number of shots selected.
254
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
)XQFWLRQEORFN
AR01-
$5
ON BLOCKED
OFF SETON
BLKON INPROGR
BLKOFF ACTIVE
INHIBIT UNSUC
RESET READY
START P1P
STTHOL P3P
TRSOTF CLOSECB
TR2P 1PT1
TR3P 2PT1
CBREADY T1
CBCLOSED T2
PLCLOST T3
SYNC T4
WAIT WFMASTER
xx00000219.vsd
)LJXUH $5)XQFWLRQEORFN 6LQJOHWZRDQGRUWKUHHSKDVH
AR01-
$5
ON BLOCKED
OFF SETON
BLKON INPROGR
BLKOFF ACTIVE
INHIBIT UNSUC
RESET READY
START CLOSECB
STTHOL T1
TRSOTF T2
CBREADY T3
CBCLOSED T4
PLCLOST WFMASTER
SYNC
WAIT
xx00000220.vsd
)LJXUH $5)XQFWLRQEORFN 7KUHHSKDVH
/RJLFGLDJUDP
255
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
Operation:On
Operation:Off
Operation:Standby
>1
AR01-ON &
& S AR01-SETON
>1 R
AR01-OFF &
AR01-START
>1 INITIATE
Additional condition
AR01-TRSOTF &
5s
>1 & STARTAR
AR01-CBCLOSED &
t
AR01-CBREADY
& AR01-READY
Blocking and X
inhibit conditions Y >1 1
Blocked state
INITIATE &
99000099.vsd
)LJXUH $XWRUHFORVLQJRQRIIFRQWURODQGVWDUW
256
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
AR01-PLCLOST
& >1
INITIATE
STARTER Extend t1
&
tTRIP
t
&
INITIATE
t TRIP
t
LONGDURA
STARTER &
99000116.vsd
)LJXUH &RQWURORIH[WHQGHG$5RSHQWLPHVKRW
257
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
tAuto Wait
t
&
AR01-CLOSECB
& S Q
R Q
&
AR01-CBCLOSED >1
>1
INITIATE
AR01-START
99000117.vsd
)LJXUH $XWRPDWLFSURFHHGLQJRIVKRWWR
258
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
AR01-SYNC
INITIATE &
& >1 Blocking X
AR01-CBREADY
tSync
& t
AR State
Control
COUNTER
CL 0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
tReclaim
Pulse AR (above) & t R 4 4
>1
LOGIC
AR01-TR2P
reclosing
AR01-TR3P programs 1PT1
2PT1
STARTAR
AR01-INPROGR
INITIATE T1
>1
T2
0
1 T3
2
3 T4
4
AR01-P1P
1 AR01-P3P
Y Blocking tInhibit
>1 t Inhibit Y
AR01-INHIBIT
99000100.vsd
)LJXUH 5HFORVLQJFKHFNVDQG³5HFODLP´DQG³,QKLELW´WLPHUV
259
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
tPulse
Pulse-AR **)
& AR01-CLOSECB
>1
INITIATE
tPulse
)LJXUH 3XOVLQJRIFORVHFRPPDQGDQGGULYLQJRIRSHUDWLRQFRXQWHUV
tUnsuc
Pulse-AR >1
& t
>1 S AR01-UNSUC
&
AR01-CBCLOSED R
AR01-START
AR already started &
COUNT-0
99000301.vsd
)LJXUH ,VVXLQJRIWKH$58168&VLJQDO
260
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
1RWH Some signals may not be present depending on the ordered options.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
1RWH Some signals may not be present depending on the ordered options.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
261
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
$XWRUHFORVHUFRXQWHUYDOXHV
7DEOH $XWRUHFORVHUFRXQWHUYDOXHV$5 $5
262
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
nnn
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Group1/Autorecloser/Autorecloser1
Stand-by,
On
1/2/3 ph,
1/2 ph,
1 ph+1*2
ph,
1/2+1*3 ph,
1 ph+1*2/3
ph
Step: 0.001
263
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
264
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.1
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH $5$XWRUHFORVHU
265
Autorecloser (AR) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
7DEOH $5$XWRUHFORVHU
3DUDPHWHU 9DOXH
266
Single command, 16 signals (CD) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
6LQJOHFRPPDQGVLJQDOV &'
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The terminals may be provided with a function to receive signals either from a substa-
tion automation system (SMS and/or SCS) or from the local human-machine interface,
HMI. That receiving function block has 16 outputs that can be used, for example, to
control high voltage apparatuses in switchyards. For local control functions, the local
HMI can also be used. Together with the configuration logic circuits, the user can gov-
ern pulses or steady output signals for control purposes within the terminal or via binary
outputs.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The single command function consists of a function block CD for 16 binary output sig-
nals.
The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. The setting is done on the
MODE input, common for the whole block, from the CAP 531 configuration tool.
The outputs can be individually controlled from the operator station, remote-control
gateway, or from the local HMI. Each output signal can be given a name with a maxi-
mum of 13 characters from the CAP 531 configuration tool.
The output signals, here OUT1 to OUT16, are then available for configuration to built-
in functions or via the configuration logic circuits to the binary outputs of the terminal.
267
Single command, 16 signals (CD) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
)XQFWLRQEORFN
CD01-
6,1*/(&0')81&
CMDOUT1 OUT1
CMDOUT2 OUT2
CMDOUT3 OUT3
CMDOUT4 OUT4
CMDOUT5 OUT5
CMDOUT6 OUT6
CMDOUT7 OUT7
CMDOUT8 OUT8
CMDOUT9 OUT9
CMDOUT10 OUT10
CMDOUT11 OUT11
CMDOUT12 OUT12
CMDOUT13 OUT13
CMDOUT14 OUT14
CMDOUT15 OUT15
CMDOUT16 OUT16
MODE
xx00000213.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHFRPPDQGFRQWURO &'QQ IXQFWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
268
Single command, 16 signals (CD) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHFRPPDQGFRQWURO&' &'QQ IXQFWLRQ
CMDOUTy User def. CDnn- String User defined name for output y
string CMDOUTy (y=1-16) of function block CDnn.
String length up to 13 characters, all
characters available on the HMI can
be used. Can only be set from the
CAP 531 configuration tool.
269
Multiple command (CM) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
0XOWLSOHFRPPDQG &0
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The terminals may be provided with a function to receive signals either from a substa-
tion automation system or from other terminals via the interbay bus. That receiving
function block has 16 outputs that can be used, together with the configuration logic cir-
cuits, for control purposes within the terminal or via binary outputs. When it is used to
communicate with other terminals, these terminals must have a corresponding event
function block to send the information.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
One multiple command function block CM01 with fast execution time also named %L
QDU\VLJQDOLQWHUED\FRPPXQLFDWLRQKLJKVSHHG and/or 79 multiple command function
blocks CM02-CM80 with slower execution time are available in the REx 5xx terminals
as options.
The output signals can be of the types Off, Steady, or Pulse. The setting is done on the
MODE input, common for the whole block, from the CAP 531 configuration tool.
The multiple command function block has 16 outputs combined in one block, which can
be controlled from the operator station or from other terminals. One common name for
the block, with a maximum of 19 characters, is set from the configuration tool CAP 531.
The output signals, here OUT1 to OUT16, are then available for configuration to built-
in functions or via the configuration logic circuits to the binary outputs of the terminal.
The command function also has a supervision function, which sets the output VALID
to 0 if the block did not receive data within a configured INTERVAL time.
270
Multiple command (CM) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
)XQFWLRQEORFN
CM01-
08/7&0')81&
CMDOUT OUT1
MODE OUT2
INTERVAL OUT3
OUT4
OUT5
OUT6
OUT7
OUT8
OUT9
OUT10
OUT11
OUT12
OUT13
OUT14
OUT15
OUT16
VALID
xx00000226.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHFRPPDQG &0QQ IXQFWLRQV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
CMDOUT User defined common name for all outputs of function block
CMnn. String length up to 19 characters.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Use CAP configuration tool to see status of the parameter settings.
271
Multiple command (CM) &KDSWHU
&RQWURO
CMDOUT User def. CMnn- String User defined common name for all
string CMDOUT outputs of function block CMnn
(nn=01-80). String length up to 19
characters. Can only be set from
CAP 531 configuration tool
272
About this chapter &KDSWHU
/RJLF
&KDSWHU /RJLF
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the logic functions.
273
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
7ULSSLQJORJLF 75
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the TR trip logic function is to serve as a single node through
which all tripping for the entire terminal is routed.
The main purpose of the single- and two-pole extension to the basic three-pole tripping
function is to cater for applications where, for reasons of system stability, single-pole
tripping is required for single-phase faults, and/or two-pole tripping is required for two-
phase faults, e.g. on double circuit parallel lines.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The minimum duration of a trip output signal from the TR function is settable.
The TR function has a single input through which all trip output signals from the pro-
tection functions within the terminal, or from external protection functions via one or
more of the terminal’s binary inputs, are routed. It has a single trip output for connection
to one or more of the terminal’s binary outputs, as well as to other functions within the
terminal requiring this signal.
The expanded TR function for single- and two-pole tripping has additional phase seg-
regated inputs for this, as well as inputs for faulted phase selection. The latter inputs en-
able single- and two-pole tripping for those functions which do not have their own
phase selection capability, and therefore which have just a single trip output and not
phase segregated trip outputs for routing through the phase segregated trip inputs of the
expanded TR function. The expanded TR function has two inputs for these functions,
one for impedance tripping (e.g. carrier-aided tripping commands from the scheme
communication logic), and one for earth fault tripping (e.g. tripping output from a re-
sidual overcurrent protection). Additional logic secures a three-pole final trip command
for these protection functions in the absence of the required phase selection signals.
The expanded TR function has three trip outputs, one per phase, for connection to one
or more of the terminal’s binary outputs, as well as to other functions within the termi-
nal requiring these signals.
The expanded TR function is equipped with logic which secures correct operation for
evolving faults as well as for reclosing on to persistent faults. A special input is also pro-
vided which disables single- and two-pole tripping, forcing all tripping to be three-pole.
274
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
)XQFWLRQEORFN
TR01-
75,3
BLOCK TRIP
TRIN TRL1
TRINL1 TRL2
TRINL2 TRL3
TRINL3 TR1P
PSL1 TR2P
PSL2 TR3P
PSL3
1PTRZ
1PTREF
P3PTR
xx00000221.vsd
)LJXUH 75IXQFWLRQEORFN 6LQJOHWZRDQGRUWKUHHSKDVHWULSSLQJORJLF
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TRIP-TRINL1
TRIP-TRINL2
>1
TRIP-TRINL3
TRIP-1PTRZ >1
TRIP-1PTREF
>1
TRIP-TRIN RSTTRIP - cont.
&
Program = 3ph
99000456.vsd
)LJXUH 7KUHHSKDVHIURQWORJLFVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
275
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
TRIP-TRIN
TRIP-TRINL1
TRIP-TRINL2
TRIP-TRINL3
>1
>1 >1
-loop
-loop
>1
& &
&
TRIP-1PTREF & 50 ms
TRIP-1PTRZ >1 t
99000457.vsd
)LJXUH 3KDVHVHJUHJDWHGIURQWORJLF
276
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
150 ms
L1TRIP - cont. >1
t RTRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t
>1
&
150 ms
L2TRIP - cont. >1
t STRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t
>1
&
150 ms
L3TRIP - cont. >1
t TTRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t
>1
&
>1
>1 &
TRIP-P3PTR
>1
-loop
99000458.vsd
)LJXUH $GGLWLRQDOORJLFIRUWKHSKSKRSHUDWLQJPRGH
277
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
150 ms
L1TRIP - cont.
t >1 RTRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t
&
150 ms
L2TRIP - cont.
t >1 STRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t &
&
150 ms
L3TRIP - cont.
t >1 TTRIP - cont.
>1
2000 ms
t
&
>1
&
TRIP-P3PTR >1
>1
-loop
99000459.vsd
)LJXUH $GGLWLRQDOORJLFIRUWKHSKSKSKRSHUDWLQJPRGH
278
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
TRIP-BLOCK
TRIP-TR3P
& &
>1
-loop
& 10 ms
TRIP-TR1P
& t
& 5 ms
TRIP-TR2P
& t
>1
&
-loop
99000555.vsd
)LJXUH )LQDOWULSSLQJFLUFXLWV
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
1RWH: Some signals may not be present depending on the ordered option.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
279
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
1RWH: Some signals may not be present depending on the ordered option.
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/TRn
Step. 0.001
280
Tripping logic (TR) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 757ULSSLQJORJLF
281
Pole discordance logic (PDc) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
3ROHGLVFRUGDQFHORJLF 3'F
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Breaker pole position discordance can occur on the operation of a breaker with indepen-
dent operating gears for the three poles. The reason may be an interruption in the closing
or trip coil circuit, or a mechanical failure resulting in a stuck breaker pole. A pole dis-
cordance can be tolerated for a limited time, for instance during a single-phase trip-re-
close cycle. The pole discordance function detects a breaker pole discordancy not
generated by auto-reclose cycle and issues a trip signal for the circuit breaker.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The operation of the pole discordance logic, PDc, is based on checking the position of
the breaker auxiliary contacts. Three parallel normally open contacts in series with three
normally closed contacts in parallel of the respective breaker poles form a condition of
pole discordance, connected to a binary input dedicated for the purpose.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
P D ---
3'
BLOCK T R IP
1POPEN
P O L D IS C
BC
T R IN
x x0 1 0 0 0 1 5 3 .v s d
)LJXUH 3'IXQFWLRQEORFNFRQWDFWEDVHG
282
Pole discordance logic (PDc) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
/RJLFGLDJUDP
TEST-ACTIVE
&
BlockPD = Yes
/RJLF%ORFNHGIRUP7HVW
PD---BLOCK
>1
PD---1POPEN
/RJLF(QDEOH t 150 ms
PD---TRIP
PD---POLDISC & t
99000468.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRISROHGLVFRUGDQFHORJLFFRQWDFWEDVHG
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH3'F 3' IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/PoleDiscord
283
Pole discordance logic (PDc) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3'F3ROHGLVFRUGDQFHORJLFFRQWDFWEDVHG
284
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
+LJKVSHHGELQDU\RXWSXWORJLF +6%2
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The time taken for signals to be transferred from binary inputs to protection functions,
and from protection functions to binary outputs contributes to the overall tripping time.
The main purpose of the HSBO high speed binary output logic is to minimize overall
tripping times by establishing the critical connections to/from the binary outputs/inputs
in a more direct way than with the regular I/O connections.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The outputs from the HSBO logic utilize ‘fast’ connections to initiate binary outputs.
The inputs to the HSBO logic utilize the same ‘fast’ connections. Input connections to
the logic are derived from binary inputs, from outputs of the high speed distance pro-
tection, and from inputs to the regular trip logic and scheme communication logic. The
HSBO scheme communication logic runs in parallel with the regular scheme commu-
nication logic.
The ‘fast’ connections to and from the HSBO logic comprise so called hard connections
in software. This configuration is made internally and cannot be altered. The only ex-
ceptions are the connections to the binary outputs where limited configuration is possi-
ble, and required, on the part of the user.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
HSBO-
+6%2
BLKHSTR ERROR
BLKHSCS
BLKZCTR
6(77,1*6
IOMOD
TR1L1OUT
TR2L1OUT
TR1L2OUT
TR2L2OUT
TR1L3OUT
TR2L3OUT
CSL1OUT
CSL2OUT
CSL3OUT
CSMPHOUT
xx00000222.vsd
285
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
/RJLFGLDJUDP
,2[[
BIx ZC1P-CRLn
+6%2
....
HSBO-
HSBO-ERROR 5HJXODUIXQFWLRQ
BIy ZC1P-CRMPH
BLKZCTR
EORFNLQRXW
HSBO-
BIz ZCOM-CR BLKHSTR
....
HSBO-
BLKHSCS
&6/Q287 BOz
75,3 +6%2 &603+287
TRIP-PSLn =&20&$&& BOz
....
7(67%/2&. &
+6%2
75,336/Q
+6
+6%2+675/Q
HS-TRLn
+6%2+6&6/Q
HS-CSLn
HS-CSMPH +6%2
+6&603+
99000548.vsd
)LJXUH +LJKVSHHGELQDU\RXWSXWVLPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDP
286
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
+6%2%/.=&75
+6%2&5/Q
>1 IO-card
+6%2&503+ configuration error +6%2(5525
&
+6%2=&&$&&/Q
>1
&
+6%2&5
&
>1 15ms
+6%275/Q
+6%2=&20&$&&
&
+6%275,336/Q
Regular function block
in and ouput
+6%2%/.+675 >1 ’Internal’ in and output
+6%27HVW
>1
+6%2%/.+6&6
&
+6%2+675/Q & 15ms
+6%2&6/Q
+6%2+6&6/Q & 15ms
+6%2&603+
+6%2+6&603+
99000549.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPRIWKH+6%2IXQFWLRQORJLF
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH+6%2 +6%2 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
287
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHKLJKVSHHGELQDU\RXWSXWORJLF+6%2 +6
%2 IXQFWLRQ
288
High speed binary output logic (HSBO) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
289
Communication channel test logic &KDSWHU
(CCHT) /RJLF
&RPPXQLFDWLRQFKDQQHOWHVWORJLF &&+7
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Many secondary system applications require testing of different functions with con-
firmed information about the result of the test. The main purpose of the CCHT commu-
nication channel test logic is to perform testing of communication channels (power line
carrier) in applications where continuous monitoring by some other means is not possi-
ble due to technical or economic reasons, and to indicate the result of the test.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
Starting of a communications channel test may be performed manually (by means of an
external pushbutton) or automatically (by means of an included timer). When started,
the CCHT logic initiates the sending of an impulse (carrier send signal) to the remote
end. This action starts the operation of the applicable external functions. On receipt of
the sent signal at the remote end terminal, a return signal is immediately sent back to
the initiating end by the identical CCHT logic function within that terminal. The initi-
ating end waits for this returned signal. It reports a successful or an unsuccessful re-
sponse to the initiated test based on the receipt or not of this signal. An input is provided
through which it is possible to abort the test by means of an external signal.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
CCHT-
&&+7
BLOCK CS
RESET ALARM
CR CHOK
START
xx00000227.vsd
290
Communication channel test logic &KDSWHU
(CCHT) /RJLF
/RJLFGLDJUDP
CCHT-BLOCK
Operation=Man
15 ms &
CCHT-CR & t
&
CCHT-ALARM
CCHT-RESET
>1
&
tChOK
t
&
CCHT-CHOK
>1
99000187.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUWKH&&+7IXQFWLRQ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHORJLF&&+7 &&+7 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
291
Communication channel test logic &KDSWHU
(CCHT) /RJLF
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
CHOK Test OK
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/ComChanTest
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQFKDQQHOWHVWORJLF&&+7
&&+7 IXQFWLRQ
ManualM-
ode
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
292
Communication channel test logic &KDSWHU
(CCHT) /RJLF
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH &&+7&RPPXQLFDWLRQFKDQQHOWHVWORJLF
293
Binary signal transfer to remote end &KDSWHU
(RTC12) /RJLF
%LQDU\VLJQDOWUDQVIHUWRUHPRWHHQG 57&
*HQHUDO
In this function, there are two function blocks, RTC1-, and RTC2-. They are identical
in all aspects.
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The main purpose of the RTC binary signal transfer to remote end function is the ex-
change of communication scheme related signals, trip signals and/or other binary sig-
nals between opposite ends of the line.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The RTC function comprises two identical function blocks, each able to handle up to
16 inputs and 16 outputs, giving a total of 32 signals that can be transmitted in each di-
rection.
The updated status of the selected binary signals is packaged within a data message
which is sent once every computation loop.
294
Binary signal transfer to remote end &KDSWHU
(RTC12) /RJLF
)XQFWLRQEORFN
RTCn-
57&
BLOCK REC01
SEND01 REC02
SEND02 REC03
SEND03 REC04
SEND04 REC05
SEND05 REC06
SEND06 REC07
SEND07 REC08
SEND08 REC09
SEND09 REC10
SEND10 REC11
SEND11 REC12
SEND12 REC13
SEND13 REC14
SEND14 REC15
SEND15 REC16
SEND16 COMFAIL
RC01NAME
RC02NAME
RC03NAME
RC04NAME
RC05NAME
RC06NAME
RC07NAME
RC08NAME
RC09NAME
RC10NAME
RC11NAME
RC12NAME
RC13NAME
RC14NAME
RC15NAME
RC16NAME
SD01NAME
SD02NAME
SD03NAME
SD04NAME
SD05NAME
SD06NAME
SD07NAME
SD08NAME
SD09NAME
SD10NAME
SD11NAME
SD12NAME
SD13NAME
SD14NAME
SD15NAME
SD16NAME
xx00000224.vsd
295
Binary signal transfer to remote end &KDSWHU
(RTC12) /RJLF
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHELQDU\VLJQDOWUDQVIHUWRUHPRWHHQGIXQFWLRQ
57&QZKHUHQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKHELQDU\VLJQDOWUDQVIHUWRUHPRWHHQGIXQFWLRQ
57&QZKHUHQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/DisturbReport/BinarySignals
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHELQDU\VLJQDOWUDQVIHUWRUHPRWHHQGORJLF
57&QZKHUHQ
296
Event function (EV) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
(YHQWIXQFWLRQ (9
$SSOLFDWLRQ
When using a Substation Automation system, events can be spontaneously sent or
polled from the terminal to the station level. These events are created from any available
signal in the terminal that is connected to the event function block. The event function
block can also handle double indication, that is normally used to indicate positions of
high-voltage apparatuses. With this event function block, data also can be sent to other
terminals over the interbay bus.
'HVLJQ
As basic, 12 event function blocks EV01-EV12 running with a fast cyclicity, are avail-
able in REx 5xx. When the function Apparatus control is used in the terminal, additional
32 event function blocks EV13-EV44, running with a slower cyclicity, are available.
The inputs can be used as individual events or can be defined as double indication
events.
The inputs can be set individually, from the Parameter Setting Tool (PST) under the
Mask-Event function, to create an event at pick-up, drop-out or at both pick-up and
drop-out of the signal.
The event function blocks EV01-EV06 have inputs for information numbers and func-
tion type, which are used to define the events according to the communication standard
IEC 60870-5-103.
297
Event function (EV) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
)XQFWLRQEORFN
EV01-
(9(17
INPUT1
INPUT2
INPUT3
INPUT4
INPUT5
INPUT6
INPUT7
INPUT8
INPUT9
INPUT10
INPUT11
INPUT12
INPUT13
INPUT14
INPUT15
INPUT16
T_SUPR01
T_SUPR03
T_SUPR05
T_SUPR07
T_SUPR09
T_SUPR11
T_SUPR13
T_SUPR15
NAME01
NAME02
NAME03
NAME04
NAME05
NAME06
NAME07
NAME08
NAME09
NAME10
NAME11
NAME12
NAME13
NAME14
NAME15
NAME16
PRCOL01
INTERVAL
BOUND
FUNCTEV1
INFONO01
INFONO02
INFONO03
INFONO04
INFONO05
INFONO06
INFONO07
INFONO08
INFONO09
INFONO10
INFONO11
INFONO12
INFONO13
INFONO14
INFONO15
INFONO16
xx00000235.vsd
298
Event function (EV) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH(9(17 (9QQ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
FuncTEVnn Function type for event block nn (nn=01-06), used for IEC
protocol communication. Only present in blocks EV01-EV06.
InfoNoy Information number for event input y, y=01-16. Used for IEC
protocol communication. Only present in blocks EV01-EV06.
299
Event function (EV) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH(9(17 (9QQ IXQFWLRQ
300
Event function (EV) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
301
Event counter (CN) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
(YHQWFRXQWHU &1
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The function consists of six counters which are used for storing the number of times
each counter has been activated. It is also provided with a common blocking function
for all six counters, to be used for example at testing. Every counter can separately be
set on or off by a parameter setting.
'HVLJQ
The function block has six inputs for increasing the counter values for each of the six
counters respectively. The content of the counters are stepped one step for each positive
edge of the input respectively.
The function block also has an input BLOCK. At activation of this input all six counters
are blocked.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
CN01-
&1
BLOCK
COUNTER1
COUNTER2
COUNTER3
COUNTER4
COUNTER5
COUNTER6
xx00000700.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH&1IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
302
Event counter (CN) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Counters/Countern
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH&1IXQFWLRQEORFN
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH &1(YHQWFRXQWHU
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
303
Event counter (CN) &KDSWHU
/RJLF
304
About this chapter &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
&KDSWHU 0RQLWRULQJ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the monitoring functions.
305
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
'LVWXUEDQFHUHSRUW '53
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the disturbance report to provide the network operator with proper information
about disturbances in the primary network. The function comprises several subfunc-
tions enabling different types of users to access relevant information in a structured
way.
Select appropriate binary signals to trigger the red HMI LED to indicate trips or other
important alerts.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The disturbance report collects data from each subsystem for up to ten disturbances.
The data is stored in nonvolatile memory, used as a cyclic buffer, always storing the lat-
est occurring disturbances. Data is collected during an adjustable time frame, the col-
lection window. This window allows for data collection before, during and after the
fault.
The collection is started by a trigger. Any binary input signal or function block output
signal can be used as a trigger. The analog signals can also be set to trigger the data col-
lection. Both over levels and under levels are available. The trigger is common for all
subsystems, hence it activates them all simultaneously.
A triggered report cycle is indicated by the yellow HMI LED, which will be lit. Binary
signals may also be used to activate the red HMI LED for additional alerting of fault
conditions. A disturbance report summary can be viewed on the local HMI.
• Disturbance index
• Date and time
• Trip signals
• Trig signal that activated the recording
• Distance to fault (requires Fault locator)
• Fault loop selected by the Fault locator (requires Fault locator)
306
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
)XQFWLRQEORFN
307
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH',6785%5(3257 '53Q IXQFWLRQEORFNV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/DisturbReport/Operation
7DEOH 3DUDPHWHUVIRUGLVWXUEDQFHUHSRUW
308
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7DEOH 3DUDPHWHUVIRUVHTXHQFHQXPEHU
7DEOH 3DUDPHWHUVIRUUHFRUGLQJWLPH
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
7DEOH 3DUDPHWHUVIRUUHSRUWLQJRIELQDU\VLJQDOV
(Q=1-48)
309
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7DEOH 9ROWDJHSDUDPHWHUVIRUGLVWXUEDQFHUHFRUGHU
7DEOH &XUUHQWSDUDPHWHUVIRUGLVWXUEDQFHUHFRUGHU
310
Disturbance report (DRP) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7DEOH 'LVWXUEDQFHUHSRUWVHWWLQJV
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '53'LVWXUEDQFHUHSRUWVHWWLQJSHUIRUPDQFH
'DWD 6HWWLQJUDQJH
311
Indications &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
,QGLFDWLRQV
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the indications list to view the state of binary signals during the fault. All binary
input signals to the disturbance report function are listed.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The indications list tracks zero-to-one changes of binary signals during the fault period
of the collection window. This means that constant logic zero, constant logic one or
state changes from logic one to logic zero will not be visible in the indications list. Sig-
nals are not time tagged. In order to be listed in the indications list the:
1. signal must be connected to the DRP function blocks, (DRP1, DRP2, DRP3).
2. setting parameter, IndicationMask, for the input must be set to Show.
Output signals of other function blocks of the configuration will be listed by the signal
name listed in the corresponding signal list. Binary input signals are listed by the name
defined in the configuration.
The indications can be viewed on the local HMI and via SMS.
312
Disturbance recorder (DR) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
'LVWXUEDQFHUHFRUGHU '5
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the disturbance recorder to record analog and binary signals during fault conditions
in order to analyze disturbances. The analysis may include fault severity, fault duration
and protection performance. Replay the recorded data in a test set to verify protection
performance.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The disturbance recorder records both analog and binary signal information and up to
ten disturbances can be recorded.
Analog and digital signals can be used as triggers. A trigger signal does not need to be
recorded.
A trigger is generated when the analog signal moves under and/or over set limit values.
The trig level is compared to the signal’s average peak-to-peak value, making the func-
tion insensible to DC offset. The trig condition must occur during at least one full peri-
od, that is, 20 ms for a 50 Hz network.
The recorder continuously records data in a cyclic buffer capable of storing the amount
of data generated during the set pre-fault time of the collection window. When trig-
gered, the pre-fault data is saved and the data for the fault and post-fault parts of the
collection window is recorded.
The RAM area for temporary storage of recorded data is divided into subareas, one for
each recording. The size of a subarea depends on the set recording times. There is suf-
ficient memory for four consecutive recordings with a maximum number of analog
channels recorded and with maximum time settings. Should no subarea be free at a new
disturbance, the oldest recording is overwritten.
• merges the data for analog channels with corresponding data for binary signals
stored in an event buffer
• compresses the data without loosing any data accuracy
• stores the compressed data in a non-volatile memory
313
Disturbance recorder (DR) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '5'LVWXUEDQFHUHFRUGHUVHWWLQJSHUIRUPDQFH
)XQFWLRQ 6HWWLQJUDQJH
7DEOH '5'LVWXUEDQFHUHFRUGHUSHUIRUPDQFH
'DWD 9DOXH
Total recording time with ten analog and 48 binary signals recorded. 40 s typically
(The amount of harmonics can affect the maximum storage time)
Resolution 0.5 % of Ir
314
Event recorder (ER) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
(YHQWUHFRUGHU (5
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the event recorder to obtain a list of binary signal events that occurred during the
disturbance.
'HVLJQ
When a trigger condition for the disturbance report is activated, the event recorder col-
lects time tagged events from the 48 binary signals that are connected to disturbance re-
port and lists the changes in status in chronological order. Each list can contain up to
150 time tagged events that can come from both internal logic signals and binary input
channels and up to ten disturbances can be recorded. Events are recorded during the to-
tal recording time which depends on the set recording times and the actual fault time.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH (5(YHQWUHFRUGHU
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
315
Fault locator (FLOC) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
)DXOWORFDWRU )/2&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
An accurate fault locator is an essential complement to the line protection. The fault lo-
cator provides distance to fault together with information about the measuring loop that
has been used in the calculation.
Reliable information on fault location reduces the outage time and minimises the need
for patrolling.
The function has limitations for applications with series compensated lines.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The fault locator can be started by any internal or external binary signal. Pre-fault and
fault phasors of currents and voltages, that were filtered from disturbance data stored
into digital sample buffers, are then used for the distance to fault calculation. The phase
selective signals from the built-in protection functions provide the necessary informa-
tion for the selection of the loop to be used for the calculation. It is also possible to use
the external phase selection information.
For the distance to fault calculation, a line modelling algorithm that takes into account
the sources at both ends of the line, is used. In this way, the influence of the load current,
the infeed from the remote end and the fault resistance, can be compensated for, result-
ing in a highly accurate calculation.
In case of double circuit lines, the influence of the zero-sequence mutual impedance
Zm0 is compensated for by considering the residual current on the parallel line.
The function indicates the distance to the fault as a percentage of the line length, in ki-
lometers or miles as selected.
316
Fault locator (FLOC) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
)XQFWLRQEORFN
FLOC-
)/2&
PSL1 DISTH8
PSL2 DISTH4
PSL3 DISTH2
RELEASE DISTH1
DISTL8
DISTL4
DISTL2
DISTL1
DISTOK
xx00000230.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH)/2& )/2& IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
DISTH8 Fault locator BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) H8, most significant digit, bit 4
317
Fault locator (FLOC) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Setting parameters for the resistive and reactive reach are presented for the terminals
with rated current Ir= 1A. All impedance values should be divided by 5 for the terminals
with rated current Ir= 5 A.
Length unit km, mile km km, mile Line length unit in km or mile
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
318
Fault locator (FLOC) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH )/2&)DXOWORFDWRU
Distance to fault Reach for Ir Resistive direc- (0 - 1500) ohm/ ± 2.5 % (typical)
locator =1 A tion phase
319
Trip value recorder (TVR) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7ULSYDOXHUHFRUGHU 795
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the trip value recorder to record fault and prefault phasor values of voltages and
currents to be used in detailed analysis of the severity of the fault and the phases that
are involved. The recorded values can also be used to simulate the fault with a test set.
'HVLJQ
Pre-fault and fault phasors of currents and voltages are filtered from disturbance data
stored in digital sample buffers.
When the disturbance report function is triggered, the function looks for non-periodic
change in the analog channels. Once the fault interception is found, the function calcu-
lates the pre-fault RMS values during one period starting 1,5 period before the fault in-
terception. The fault values are calculated starting a few samples after the fault
interception and uses samples during 1/2 - 2 periods depending on the waveform.
If no error sample is found the trigger sample is used as the start sample for the calcu-
lations. The estimation is based on samples one period before the trigger sample. In this
case the calculated values are used both as pre-fault and fault values.
320
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
6XSHUYLVLRQRI$&LQSXWTXDQWLWLHV '$
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the AC monitoring function to provide three phase or single phase values of voltage
and current. At three phase measurement, the values of apparent power, active power,
reactive power, frequency and the RMS voltage and current for each phase are calcu-
lated. Also the average values of currents and voltages are calculated.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
Alarm limits can be set and used as triggers, e.g. to generate trip signals.
The software functions to support presentation of measured values are always present
in the terminal. In order to retrieve actual values, however, the terminal must be
equipped with the appropriate hardware measuring module(s), i.e. Transformer Input
Module (TRM).
)XQFWLRQEORFN
'$QQ
'LU$QDORJ,1B\\
BLOCK HIALARM
HIWARN
LOWWARN
LOWALARM
en01000073.vsd
7DEOH $&PRQLWRULQJIXQFWLRQEORFNW\SHV
321
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH$&PRQLWRULQJ '$QQ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
322
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
The PST, Parameter Setting Tool, must be used to set the parameters.
)RUHDFKYROWDJHLQSXWFKDQQHOV8
8 '$'$
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step. 0.1
Step: 0.1
323
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
)RUHDFKFXUUHQWLQSXWFKDQQHOV,
, '$'$
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
324
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 1
Step: 1
0HDQSKDVHWRSKDVHYROWDJHPHD
VXULQJFKDQQHO8 '$
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
325
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
0HDQFXUUHQWPHDVXULQJFKDQQHO,:
'$
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
326
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 1
Step: 1
Step: 1
$FWLYHSRZHUPHDVXULQJFKDQQHO3
'$
Step. 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
327
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
5HDFWLYHSRZHUPHDVXULQJFKDQQHO
4 '$
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
328
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
)UHTXHQF\PHDVXULQJFKDQQHOI
'$
Step: 0.1
329
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
$SSDUHQWSRZHUPHDVXULQJFKDQQHO
6 '$
Step: 0.1
330
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.1
5HSRUWLQJRIHYHQWVWRWKHVWDWLRQ
FRQWUROV\VWHP 6&6 WKURXJK/21
SRUW:
331
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
332
Supervision of AC input quantities (DA) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 0HDQYDOXHV $&PRQLWRULQJ
± 2.5% of I, at I> Ir
333
Increased accuracy of AC input quantities &KDSWHU
(IMA) 0RQLWRULQJ
,QFUHDVHGDFFXUDF\RI$&LQSXWTXDQWLWLHV ,0$
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Select the increased accuracy option to increase the measuring accuracy of analog input
channels, thus also increasing the accuracy of calculated quantities such as frequency,
active and reactive power.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The increased accuracy is reached by a factory calibration of the hardware. Calibration
factors are stored in the terminal. If the transformer input module, A/D conversion mod-
ule or the main processing module is replaced, the terminal must be factory calibrated
again to retain the increased accuracy.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH ,0$,QFUHDVHGDFFXUDF\RI$&LQSXWTXDQWLWLHV
± 0.25% of U, at U> Ur
± 0.25% of I, at I> Ir
334
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
6XSHUYLVLRQRIP$LQSXWTXDQWLWLHV 0,
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the DC monitoring function to measure and process signals from different measur-
ing transducers. Many devices used in process control uses low currents, usually in the
range 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA to represent various parameters such as frequency, temper-
ature and DC battery voltage.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
Alarm limits can be set and used as triggers, e.g. to generate trip signals.
The software functions to support presentation of measured values are always present
in the terminal. In order to retrieve actual values, however, the terminal must be
equipped with the mA Input Module (MIM).
)XQFWLRQEORFN
MIxn-
0,0
POSITION ERROR
BLOCK INPUTERR
RMAXAL
RMINAL
HIALARM
HIWARN
LOWWARN
LOWALARM
xx00000232.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH0,0 0,[Q IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
POSITION I/O module slot position connector. Only present in first func-
tion block for each present input module.
335
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
ERROR Module fail. Only present in first function block for each
present input module.
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
6HWWLQJWDEOHIRUDJHQHULFP$LQSXWPRGXOH0,0
The PST, Parameter Settings Tool, must be used to set the parameters
7DEOH 0RGXOHSDUDPHWHU
Step: 1
The PST, Parameter Settings Tool, must be used to set the parameters
336
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Name 0-13 MIxQ -Value Char User defined name for input Q in mod-
ule x. String length up to 13 charac-
ters, all characters available on the
HMI can be used
Unit 0-5 Unit Q Char State a 5 character unit name for Input
Q
Step: 0.1
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
337
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
Step: 0.01
Step: 1
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.01
338
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 0,0P$PHDVXULQJIXQFWLRQ
339
Supervision of mA input quantities (MI) &KDSWHU
0RQLWRULQJ
340
About this chapter &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
&KDSWHU 0HWHULQJ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the metering functions.
341
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
3XOVHFRXQWHUORJLFIRUPHWHULQJ 3&
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The pulse counter logic function counts externally generated binary pulses, for instance
pulses coming from an external energy meter, for calculation of energy consumption
values. The pulses are captured by the binary input module and then read by the pulse
counter function. The number of pulses in the counter is then reported via LON to the
station control system or read via SPA from the station monitoring system as a service
value.
'HVLJQ
Up to 12 inputs located on binary input modules can be used for counting of pulses with
a frequency of up to 40 Hz. The registration of pulses is done for positive transitions (0
to 1) on any of the 16 binary input channels on the input module.
Pulse counter values are read from the operator workplace with predefined cyclicity
without reset. The integration time period can be set in the range from 30 seconds to 60
minutes and is synchronized with absolute system time.
The counter value is a 32-bit, signed integer with a range 0...+2147483647. The report-
ed value over the communication bus contains Identity, Value, Time and Pulse Counter
Quality.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PC01-
38/6(&2817(5
BLOCK INVALID
TMIT_VAL RESTART
BIM_CONN BLOCKED
NAME NEW_VAL
xx00000234.vsd
342
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH3& 3&QQ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
RESTART Set if counter value does not comprise a full integration cycle
for read report
BLOCKED Set when BLOCK input is set or when the used BIM is inoper-
ative
NEW_VAL New value exists. Set if counter value has changed since last
read report
343
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHSXOVHFRXQWHU 3&QQ IXQFWLRQV
NAME 0-19 PCnn- Char User defined name for pulse counter
NAME nn (nn = 01-12). String length up to
19 characters. Can only be set using
the CAP 531 configuration tool.
2 min 30 s,
3 min,
4 min,
5 min,
6 min,
7 min30s,
10 min,
12min,
15 min,
20 min,
30 min,
60 min
344
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3&3XOVHFRXQWHUORJLFIRUPHWHULQJ
Cycle time for pulse counter 30 s, 1 min, 1 min 30 s, 2 min, 2 min 30 ± 0,1% of set value
s, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, 6 min, 7 min 30s,
10 min, 12 min, 15 min, 20 min, 30 min,
60 min
345
Pulse counter logic for metering (PC) &KDSWHU
0HWHULQJ
346
About this chapter &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
&KDSWHU 6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQ
DQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the system protection and control functions
347
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
3ROHVOLSSURWHFWLRQ 363
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Sudden events in an electrical power system such as large jumps in load, fault occur-
rence or fault clearance, can cause oscillations referred to as power swings. In a recov-
erable situation, the power swings will decay and stable operation will be resumed; in
a non-recoverable situation, the power swings become so severe that the synchronism
is lost, a condition referred to as pole slipping. The main purpose of the PSP pole slip
protection is to detect, evaluate, and take the required action for pole slipping occur-
rences in the power system.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The PSP function comprises an inner and an outer quadrilateral measurement charac-
teristic. It detects oscillations in the power system by measuring the time it takes the
transient impedance to pass through the impedance area between the outer and the inner
characteristics. Oscillations are identified by transition times longer than timer settings.
The impedance measuring principle is the same as that used for the distance protection
zones. The impedance and the transient impedance time are measured in all three phas-
es separately. One-out-of-three or two-out-of-three operating modes can be selected
permanently or adaptively according to the specific system operating conditions.
Oscillations with an oscillation period as low as 200 ms (i.e. with a slip frequency as
high as 10% of the rated frequency on a 50 Hz basis) can be detected for normal system
operating conditions, as well as during the dead time of a single-pole automatic reclos-
ing cycle. Different timers are used for initial and consecutive pole slips, securing a high
degree of differentiation between oscillation and fault conditions.
It is possible to inhibit the ocsillation detected output on detection of earth fault current.
This can be used to release the operation of the distance protection function for earth
faults during power oscillation conditions.
The PSP function has two tripping areas. These are located within the operating area,
which is located within the inner characteristic. On detection of a new oscillation, the
activation of a trip output will depend on the applied settings. These determine the di-
rection of the transition for which tripping is permitted, whether tripping will occur on
entry of the measured impedance into a tripping area, or on its exit from the tripping
area, and through which tripping area the transition must be measured for tripping to
occur. The applied settings also determine the number of pole slips required before the
trip output is issued.
348
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
)XQFWLRQEORFN
PSP--
363
BLOCK TRIP
BLK1 TRSUM
BLK2 TRFFWRV
BLK1P TRFRVFW
BLK2P TRDFWRV
VTSZ TRDRVFW
TR1P START
I0CHECK FWRVTRAN
REL1P RVFWTRAN
REL2P ZIN
ZOUT
xx00000182.vsd
/RJLFGLDJUDP
tP1 &
ZOUTL1
& t
ZINL1
tP2 ≥1
tW &
t t
PSD-DET-L1
&
en01000056.vsd
)LJXUH 'HWHFWLRQRIRVFLOODWLRQLQSKDVH/
349
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
PSD-DET-L1
PSD-DET-L2 DET1of3 - int.
≥1
PSD-DET-L3
&
DET2of3 - int.
& ≥1
&
en01000057.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRU³RQHRIWKUHH´DQG³WZRRIWKUHH´RVFLOODWLRQ
GHWHFWLRQORJLF
350
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
ZOUTPSL1 PSP--ZOUT
>1
ZOUTPSL2 ZINPSL1
PSP--ZIN
ZOUTPSL3 & ZINPSL2 >1
ZINPSL3
tEF
PSP--TRSP
t &
PSP--I0CHECK
10 ms
DET-int.
& t
>1
PSP--BLK2
tR1
& t >1
tR2
PSP--BLK1 & t
PSP--BLOCK
DET1of3 - int.
PSP--REL1P
&
PSP--BLK1P
tHZ PSP--START
DET2of3 - int. &
>1 t
PSP--REL2P
&
PSP--BLK2P
xx03000082.vsd
)LJXUH 6LPSOLILHGORJLFGLDJUDPIRUFRRSHUDWLRQZLWKGLVWDQFHSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
351
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
jX
2
4
R1LTR R1RTR
SCA R
5
6
7 en01000062.vsd
5 System impedance
)LJXUH 7KHLPSHGDQFHRSHUDWLQJSODQHLVGLYLGHGLQWZRGHWHFWLRQUHJLRQVDQGWZR
WULSUHJLRQV
352
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
New FwRv
oscillation detected
YES
NO NO
NO
TRFwRv=On
YES
Impedance NO Impedance NO
within fast within delay
region region
YES YES
NO NO
TRFastFwRv=On TRDelFwRv=On
YES YES
YES YES
NO NO NO NO
TROutFwRv=On TRIncFwRv=On TRIncFwRv=On TROutFwRv=On
NO NO NO NO
Impedance passes Impedance passes Impedance passes Impedance passes
R1LTR R1RTR R1RTR R1LTR
en00000717.vsd
TRIP
)LJXUH )ORZFKDUWSUHVHQWLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHSROHVOLSSURWHFWLRQIRUWKHIRU
ZDUGWRUHYHUVHWUDQVLWLRQ )Z5Y DIWHUWKHRVFLOODWLRQKDVEHHQGHWHFWHG
353
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
New RvFw
oscillation detected
YES
NO NO
NO
TRRvFw =On
YES
Impedance NO Impedance NO
within fast within delay
region region
YES YES
NO NO
TRFastRvFw=On TRDelRvFw=On
YES YES
YES YES
NO NO NO NO
TROutRvFw=On TRIncRvFw=On TRIncRvFw=On TROutRvFw=On
NO NO NO NO
Impedance passes Impedance passes Impedance passes Impedance passes
R1RTR R1LTR R1LTR R1RTR
TRIP en00000718.vsd
)LJXUH )ORZFKDUWSUHVHQWLQJWKHRSHUDWLRQRIWKHSROHVOLSSURWHFWLRQIRUWKHUH
YHUVHWRIRUZDUGWUDQVLWLRQ 5Y)Z DIWHUWKHRVFLOODWLRQKDVEHHQGHWHFWHG
354
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
YES
NO
NO
TRFwRv=On
YES
Impedance NO Impedance NO
within fast within delay
region region
YES YES
NO NO
TRFastFwRv=On TRDelFwRv=On
YES YES
YES Oscillation NO
nSum=nSum+1 FwRv nSum=nDelFwRv
Compeited
YES
NO NO
TROutFwRv=On TRIncFwRv=On
YES YES
NO NO
Impedance passes Impedance passes
R1LTR R1RTR
YES YES
TRIPSUM en00000719.vsd
355
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
YES
NO
NO
TRRvFw=On
YES
Impedance NO Impedance NO
within fast within delay
region region
YES YES
NO NO
TRFastRvFw=On TRDelRvFw=On
YES YES
YES Oscillation NO
nSum=nSum+1 RvFw nSum=nDelRvFw
Completed
YES
NO NO
TROutRvFw=On TRIncRvFw=On
YES YES
NO NO
Impedance passes Impedance passes
R1RTR R1LTR
YES YES
TRIPSUM en00000720.vsd
356
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH363 363 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
357
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Settings/Functions/Groupn/Impedance/PowerSlipProt
R1LEXT 0.10-400.00 60.00 ohm/ Resistive reach of the left side exter-
phase nal oscillation detection boundary.
Step: 0.01
R1LINT 0.10-400.00 45.00 ohm/ Resistive reach of the left side inter-
phase nal oscillation detection boundary.
Step: 0.01
R1LTR 0.10-400.00 35.00 ohm/ Resistive reach of the left side trip-
phase ping characteristic.
Step: 0.01
R1RTR 0.10-400.00 35.00 ohm/ Resistive reach of the right side trip-
phase ping characteristic.
Step: 0.01
Step: 0.1
358
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
Step: 0.001
Step: 0.001
359
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
Step: 0.001
360
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3633ROHVOLSSURWHFWLRQIXQFWLRQ
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
Reactive and resistive reach for all setting parameters 0.10-400.00 ohm/phase in
at Ir=1 A (for Ir = 5 A, divide values by 5) steps of 0.01ohm/phase
361
Pole slip protection (PSP) &KDSWHU
6\VWHPSURWHFWLRQDQGFRQWURO
IXQFWLRQV
362
About this chapter &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
&KDSWHU 'DWD
FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the data communication and the associated hardware.
363
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
5HPRWHHQGGDWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The remote terminal communication modules can be used either for differential line
protection applications or for binary signal transfer of up to 32 signals in both directions
between for example distance protections. The following hardware modules are avail-
able:
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI-tree: Configuration/TerminalCom/RemTermCom
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUUHPRWHWHUPLQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
Step: 1
Step: 1
364
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
)LEUHRSWLFDOPRGXOH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The fibre optical communication module DCM-FOM can be used both with multi-
mode and single-mode fibres.The communication distance can typically be 40-60 km
for single mode fibre and typically 15-20 km for multi-mode fibre, with high quality
fibres even longer. This interface can also be used for direct connection to communica-
tion equipment of type FOX 512/515 from ABB.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '&0)20)LEUHRSWLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOH
2SWLFDOLQWHUIDFH
Optical budget 21 dB 16 dB
*DOYDQLFLQWHUIDFH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The galvanic data communication modules according to V35/36 DCM-V36 contra,
DCM-V36 co, X.21 DCM-X21, RS530/422 DCM-RS 530 contra, DCM-RS 530 co can
be used for galvanic short range communication covering distances up to 100 m in low
365
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '&0*DOYDQLFGDWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOH
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
6KRUWUDQJHJDOYDQLFPRGXOH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The short-range galvanic module DCM-SGM can be used for communication over gal-
vanic pilot wires and can operate for distances up to 3 km depending on pilot wire cable.
Twisted-pair, double-shielded cable is recommended.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '&06*06KRUWUDQJHJDOYDQLFPRGXOH
Range < 3 km
366
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
6KRUWUDQJHILEUHRSWLFDOPRGXOH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The short-range fibre optical module DCM-SFOM can only be used with multi-mode
fibre.The communication distance can normally be 3 to 5 km. This module can also be
used for direct connection to optical/electrical communication converters of type 21-
15xx and 21-16xx from FIBERDATA
Physically the DCM module is inserted in slot position S19 for 1/2 19” rack.
Physically the DCM module is inserted in slot position S29 for 3/4 19” rack.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH '&06)206KRUWUDQJHILEUHRSWLFDOPRGXOH
Optical connectors ST
Optical budget 15 dB
367
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
&RGLUHFWLRQDO*JDOYDQLFLQWHUIDFH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The galvanic data communication module DCM-G.703 according to G.703 is not rec-
ommended for distances above 10 m. Special attention must be paid to avoid problems
due to noise interference. This module is designed only for 64 kbit/s operation.
&DUULHUPRGXOH
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the carrier module with the appropriate galvanic or optical communication sub-
module for short range communication of binary signals. Use the optical communica-
tion module (DCM-SFOM) when connecting a FIBERDATA 21-15X or FIBERDATA
21-16X optical-to-electric modem. The 21-15X model supports V.35 and V.36 stan-
dards, and the 21-16X model X.21, RS530 or G.703 standards.
'HVLJQ
The carrier module is used to connect a communication sub-module to the platform. It
adds the CAN-communication and the interface to the rest of the platform. By this the
capability to transfer binary signals between for example two distance protection units
is added.
The following three types of sub-modules can be added to the carrier module:
The carrier module senses the type of sub-module via one of the two connectors.
368
Remote end data communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
Micro-
Memory
controller
CAN
Backplane connector
Sub-module
99000520.vsd
)LJXUH %ORFNGLDJUDPIRUWKHFDUULHUPRGXOH
369
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
$SSOLFDWLRQFRPPRQ
One or two optional serial interfaces with LON protocol, SPA protocol or IEC 60870-
5-103 protocol, for remote communication, enables the terminal to be part of a Substa-
tion Control System (SCS) and/or Substation Monitoring System (SMS). These inter-
faces are located at the rear of the terminal. The two interfaces can be configured
independent of each other, each with different functionalities regarding monitoring and
setting of the functions in the terminal.
An optical network can be used within the Substation Control System. This enables
communication with the terminal through the LON bus from the operator’s workplace,
from the control center and also from other terminals.
The second bus is used for SMS. It can include different numerical relays/terminals
with remote communication possibilities. Connection to a personal computer (PC) can
be made directly (if the PC is located in the substation) or by telephone modem through
a telephone network with CCITT characteristics.
'HVLJQFRPPRQ
The hardware needed for applying LON communication depends on the application,
but one very central unit needed is the LON Star Coupler and optic fibres connecting
the star coupler to the terminals. To communicate with the terminals from a Personal
Computer (PC), the SMS 510 software or/and the application library LIB 520 together
with MicroSCADA is needed.
When communicating with a PC, using the rear SPA/IEC port, the only hardware need-
ed for a station monitoring system is optical fibres and opto/electrical converter for the
PC. Remote communication over the telephone network also requires a telephone mo-
dem. The software needed in the PC when using SPA, either locally or remotely, is SMS
510 or/and CAP 540.
SPA communication is applied when using the front communication port, but for this
purpose, no special serial communication function is required in the terminal. Only the
software in the PC and a special cable for front connection is needed.
The IEC 60870-5-103 protocol implementation in REx 5xx consists of these functions:
• Event handling
• Report of analog service values (measurements)
• Fault location
370
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
• Command handling
- Autorecloser ON/OFF
- Teleprotection ON/OFF
- Protection ON/OFF
- LED reset
- Characteristics 1 - 4 (Setting groups)
• File transfer (disturbance files)
• Time synchronization
The events created in the terminal available for the IEC protocol are based on the event
function blocks EV01 - EV06 and disturbance function blocks DRP1 - DRP3. The com-
mands are represented in a dedicated function block ICOM. This block has output sig-
nals according to the IEC protocol for all commands.
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/TerminalCom/SPA-IEC-LON
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUIRUVHOHFWLRQRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURWRFROVIRUUHDU
SRUWV
SPA-IEC
6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ63$
$SSOLFDWLRQ
This communication bus is mainly used for SMS. It can include different numerical re-
lays/terminals with remote communication possibilities. Connection to a personal com-
puter (PC) can be made directly (if the PC is located in the substation) or by telephone
modem through a telephone network with ITU (former CCITT) characteristics.
'HVLJQ
When communicating with a PC, using the rear SPA port, the only hardware needed for
a station monitoring system is:
• Optical fibres
• Opto/electrical converter for the PC
371
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
• PC
Remote communication over the telephone network also requires a telephone modem.
The software needed in the PC, either local or remote, is CAP 540.
SPA communication is applied when using the front communication port, but for this
purpose, no special serial communication function is required in the terminal. Only the
software in the PC and a special cable for front connection is needed.
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/TerminalCom/SPACom/Rear
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRU63$FRPPXQLFDWLRQUHDUFRPPSRUW
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRU63$FRPPXQLFDWLRQIURQWFRPPSRUW
372
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 63$ UHDUFRPPXQLFDWLRQSRUW
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
Protocol SPA
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
Protocol SPA
Communication speed for the terminals 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 Bd
$SSOLFDWLRQ
This communication protocol is mainly used when a protection terminal communicates
with a third party control system. This system must have a program that can interpret
the IEC 60870-5-103 communication messages.
'HVLJQ
As an alternative to the SPA communication the same port can be used for the IEC com-
munication.
The IEC 60870-5-103 protocol implementation in REx 5xx consists of these functions:
• Event handling
• Report of analog service values (measurements)
• Fault location
• Command handling
- Autorecloser ON/OFF
373
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
- Teleprotection ON/OFF
- Protection ON/OFF
- LED reset
- Characteristics 1 - 4 (Setting groups)
• File transfer (disturbance files)
• Time synchronization
The events created in the terminal available for the IEC protocol are based on the event
function blocks EV01 - EV06 and disturbance function blocks DRP1 - DRP3. The com-
mands are represented in a dedicated function block ICOM. This block has output sig-
nals according to the IEC protocol for all commands.
,(&
The tables below specifies the information types supported by the REx 5xx products
with the communication protocol IEC 60870-5-103 implemented.
EIA RS485 is not supported. Glass or plastic fibre should be used. BFOC/2.5 is the rec-
ommended interface to use (BFOC/2.5 is the same as ST connectors). ST are used with
the optical power as specified in standard.
For more information please see the IEC standard IEC 60870-5-103.
7DEOH ,QIRUPDWLRQQXPEHUVLQPRQLWRULQJGLUHFWLRQ
3 Reset CU Yes
4 Start/restart Yes
5 Power on No
374
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
21 Test mode No
23 Characteristic 1 Yes
24 Characteristic 2 Yes
25 Characteristic 3 Yes
26 Characteristic 4 Yes
38 VT fusefailure Yes
64 Start/pickup L1 Yes
375
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
65 Start/pickup L2 Yes
66 Start/pickup L3 Yes
67 Start/pickup N Yes
69 Trip L1 Yes
70 Trip L2 Yes
71 Trip L3 Yes
78 Zone 1 Yes
79 Zone 2 Yes
80 Zone 3 Yes
81 Zone 4 Yes
82 Zone 5 Yes
83 Zone 6 Yes
376
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH ,QIRUPDWLRQQXPEHUVLQ&RQWUROGLUHFWLRQ
23 Characteristic 1 Yes
24 Characteristic 2 Yes
25 Characteristic 3 Yes
26 Characteristic 4 Yes
377
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH 0HDVXUDQGV
0HDVXUDQG 5DWHGYDOXH
1.2 2.4
Current L1 Yes
Current L2 Yes
Current L3 Yes
7DEOH ,QWHURSHUDELOLW\SK\VLFDOOD\HU
6XSSRUWHG
Electrical Interface
EIA RS485 No
number of loads No
Optical Interface
plastic Yes
Transmission Speed
Link Layer
378
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
Connectors
connector F-SMA No
7DEOH ,QWHURSHUDELOLW\DSSOLFDWLRQOD\HU
6XSSRUWHG
ASDU
3 Measurands I Yes
5 Identification Yes
9 Measurands ll Yes
10 Generic data No
11 Generic identification No
ASDU
10 Generic data No
379
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
21 Generic command No
Test mode No
Private data No
Generic services No
)XQFWLRQEORFN
ICOM-
,(&
FUNCTYPE ARBLOCK
OPFNTYPE ZCOMBLK
BLKFNBLK
LEDRS
SETG1
SETG2
SETG3
SETG4
BLKINFO
xx00000225.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH,(& ,&20 IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
380
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH,(& ,&20 IXQFWLRQEORFN
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUFRQWUROOLQJDXWRUHFORVHUFRPPDQG
381
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH &RQILJXUDWLRQ7HUPLQDO&RP,(&&RP&RPPDQGV=&RPP%ORFN
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUIRUFRQWUROOLQJWKH/('UHVHWFRPPDQG
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUIRUFRQWUROOLQJWKHDFWLYHVHWWLQJJURXSQFRPPDQG
Q
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUIRUPHDVXUDQGW\SH
382
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUPDLQIXQFWLRQW\SHV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRU,(&FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH ,(&FRPPDQG
&RPPDQG &RPPDQGGHVFULSWLRQ
BlockOfInfo- Command with status and confirmation. Controls information sent to the
Cmd master.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ ,(&
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ/21
$SSOLFDWLRQ
An optical network can be used within the Substation Automation system. This enables
communication with the terminal through the LON bus from the operator’s workplace,
from the control center and also from other terminals.
383
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
'HVLJQ
An optical serial interface with LON protocol enables the terminal to be part of a Sub-
station Control System (SCS) and/or Substation Monitoring System (SMS). This inter-
face is located at the rear of the terminal. The hardware needed for applying LON
communication depends on the application, but one very central unit needed is the LON
Star Coupler and optic fibres connecting the star coupler to the terminals. To commu-
nicate with the terminals from a Personal Computer (PC), the SMS 510, software or/
and the application library LIB 520 together with MicroSCADA is needed.
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Configuration/TerminalCom/LONCom/NodeInfo/AddressInfo
These parameters can only be set with the LNT, LON Network Tool. They can be
viewed in the local HMI.
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH/21FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
Step: 1
Step: 1
These parameters can only be set with the LNT, LON Network Tool. They can be
viewed in the local HMI.
7DEOH /21QRGHLQIRUPDWLRQSDUDPHWHUV
384
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKHVHVVLRQWLPHUV
7DEOH /21FRPPDQGV
&RPPDQG &RPPDQGGHVFULSWLRQ
ServicePinMsg Command with confirmation. Transfers the node adress to the LON network
tool.
LONDefault Command with confirmation. Resets the LON communication in the termi-
nal.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH /216HULDO&RPPXQLFDWLRQ
)XQFWLRQ 9DOXH
Protocol LON
385
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
'HVLJQ63$,(&
The serial communication module for SPA/IEC is placed in a slot at the rear part of the
main processing module. The serial communication module can have connectors for ei-
ther:
The fibre optic SPA/IEC port can be connected point-to-point, in a loop, or with a star
coupler. The incoming optical fibre is connected to the Rx receiver input and the out-
going optical fibre to the Tx transmitter output. The module is identified with a number
on the label on the module.
1RWH
3D\VSHFLDODWWHQWLRQWRWKHLQVWUXFWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJWKHKDQGOLQJFRQQHFWLRQHWFRIWKH
RSWLFDOILEUHFDEOHV
'HVLJQ/21
The serial communication module for LON is placed in a slot at the rear part of the Main
processing module. The serial communication module can have connectors for either:
The incoming optical fibre is connected to the Rx receiver input and the outgoing opti-
cal fibre to the Tx transmitter output. The module is identified with a number on the la-
bel on the module.
1RWH
3D\VSHFLDODWWHQWLRQWRWKHLQVWUXFWLRQVFRQFHUQLQJWKHKDQGOLQJFRQQHFWLRQHWFRIWKH
RSWLFDOILEUHFDEOHV
386
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 2SWLFDOILEUHFRQQHFWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU63$,(&
*ODVVILEUH 3ODVWLFILEUH
50/125 µm
7DEOH /212SWLFDOILEUHFRQQHFWLRQUHTXLUHPHQWVIRU/21EXV
*ODVVILEUH 3ODVWLFILEUH
50/125 µm
387
Serial communication &KDSWHU
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
388
About this chapter &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
&KDSWHU +DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
$ERXWWKLVFKDSWHU
This chapter describes the different hardware modules.
389
Modules &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
0RGXOHV
7DEOH %DVLFDOZD\VLQFOXGHGPRGXOHV
0RGXOH 'HVFULSWLRQ
Power supply module (PSM) Including a regulated DC/DC converter that sup-
plies auxiliary voltage to all static circuits.
Main processing module (MPM) Module for overall application control. All infor-
mation is processed or passed through this
module, such as configuration, settings and
communication. .
Human machine interface (LCD-HMI) The module consist of LED:s, a LCD, push but-
tons and an optical connector for a front con-
nected PC
7DEOH $SSOLFDWLRQVSHFLILFPRGXOHV
0RGXOH 'HVFULSWLRQ
Milliampere input module (MIM) Analog input module with 6 independent, gal-
vanically separated channels.
Binary input module (BIM) Module with 16 optically isolated binary inputs
Binary I/O module (IOM) Module with 8 optically isolated binary inputs,
10 outputs and 2 fast signalling outputs.
390
Modules &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
0RGXOH 'HVFULSWLRQ
A/D conversion module (ADM) Used for analog to digital conversion of analog
process signals galvanically separated by the
TRM.
Optical receiver module (ORM) Used to interface process signals from optical
instrument transformers.
LED module (LED-HMI) Module with 18 user configurable LEDs for indi-
cation purposes
391
A/D module (ADM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
$'PRGXOH $'0
'HVLJQ
The inputs of the A/D-conversion module (ADM) are fed with voltage and current sig-
nals from the transformer module. The current signals are adapted to the electronic volt-
age level with shunts. To gain dynamic range for the current inputs, two shunts with
separate A/D channels are used for each input current. By that a 16-bit dynamic range
is obtained with a 12 bits A/D converter.
The input signals passes an anti aliasing filter with a cut-off frequency of 500 Hz.
Each input signal (5 voltages and 5 currents) is sampled with a sampling frequency of
2 kHz.
The A/D-converted signals are low-pass filtered with a cut-off frequency of 250 Hz and
down-sampled to 1 kHz in a digital signal processor (DSP) before transmitted to the
main processing module.
392
Transformer module (TRM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
7UDQVIRUPHUPRGXOH 750
'HVLJQ
A transformer input module can have up to 10 input transformers. The actual number
depends on the type of terminal. Terminals including only current measuring functions
only have current inputs. Fully equipped the transformer module consists of:
• Phase currents
• Residual current of the protected line
• Residual current of the parallel circuit (if any) for compensation of the effect of the
zero sequence mutual impedance on the fault locator measurement or residual cur-
rent of the protected line but from a parallel core used for CT circuit supervision
function or independent earth fault function.
• Phase voltages
• Open delta voltage for the protected line (for an optional directional earth-fault pro-
tection)
• Phase voltage for an optional synchronism and energizing check.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 750(QHUJL]LQJTXDQWLWLHVUDWHGYDOXHVDQGOLPLWV
Current Ir = 1 or 5 A (0.2-30) × Ir
100 × Ir for 1 s *)
or
393
Binary I/O capabilities &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
%LQDU\,2FDSDELOLWLHV
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Input channels with high EMI immunity can be used as binary input signals to any func-
tion. Signals can also be used in disturbance or event recording. This enables extensive
monitoring and evaluation of the operation of the terminal and associated electrical cir-
cuits.
'HVLJQ
Inputs are designed to allow oxide burn-off from connected contacts, and increase the
disturbance immunity during normal protection operate times. This is achieved with a
high peak inrush current while having a low steady-state current. Inputs are debounced
by software.
Well defined input high and input low voltages ensures normal operation at battery sup-
ply earth faults.
I/O events are time stamped locally on each module for minimum time deviance and
stored by the event recorder if present.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH %,0,20%LQDU\LQSXWV
Binary input voltage RL 24/30 VDC 48/60 VDC 110/125 VDC 220/250 VDC
Power dissipation (max.) 0.05 W/input 0.1 W/input 0.2 W/input 0.4 W/input
394
Binary I/O capabilities &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
7DEOH %20,20%LQDU\RXWSXWV
Breaking capacity for AC, cos ϕ>0.4 250 V/8.0 A 250 V/8.0 A
7DEOH 3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ
0RGXOH 3RZHUFRQVXPSWLRQ
395
Binary input module (BIM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
%LQDU\LQSXWPRGXOH %,0
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the binary input module, BIM, when a large amount of inputs are needed. The BIM
is available in two versions, one standard and one with enhanced pulse counting inputs
to be used with the pulse counter function.
'HVLJQ
The binary input module, BIM, has 16 optically isolated binary inputs.
A signal discriminator detects and blocks oscillating signals. When blocked, a hystere-
sis function may be set to release the input at a chosen frequency, making it possible to
use the input for pulse counting. The blocking frequency may also be set.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
%,0
POSITION ERROR
BINAME01 BI1
BINAME02 BI2
BINAME03 BI3
BINAME04 BI4
BINAME05 BI5
BINAME06 BI6
BINAME07 BI7
BINAME08 BI8
BINAME09 BI9
BINAME10 BI10
BINAME11 BI11
BINAME12 BI12
BINAME13 BI13
BINAME14 BI14
BINAME15 BI15
BINAME16 BI16
xx00000155.vsd
)LJXUH %LQDU\LQSXWPRGXOH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUELQDU\LQSXWPRGXOH%,0
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
396
Binary input module (BIM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUELQDU\LQSXWPRGXOH%,0
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
397
Binary output module (BOM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
%LQDU\RXWSXWPRGXOH %20
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the binary output module, BOM, for trip output or any signalling purpose when a
large amount of outputs is needed.
'HVLJQ
The binary output module, BOM, has 24 software supervised output relays, pairwise
connected to be used as single-output channels with a common connection or as com-
mand output channels.
Output module
xx00000299.vsd
)LJXUH 5HOD\SDLUH[DPSOH
398
Binary output module (BOM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
)XQFWLRQEORFN
%20
POSITION ERROR BLKOUT
BO1 BONAME01
BO2 BONAME02
BO3 BONAME03
BO4 BONAME04
BO5 BONAME05
BO6 BONAME06
BO7 BONAME07
BO8 BONAME08
BO9 BONAME09
BO10 BONAME10
BO11 BONAME11
BO12 BONAME12
BO13 BONAME13
BO14 BONAME14
BO15 BONAME15
BO16 BONAME16
BO17 BONAME17
BO18 BONAME18
BO19 BONAME19
BO20 BONAME20
BO21 BONAME21
BO22 BONAME22
BO23 BONAME23
BO24 BONAME24
xx00000156.vsd
)LJXUH %LQDU\RXWSXWPRGXOH
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUELQDU\RXWSXWPRGXOH%20
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRUELQDU\RXWSXWPRGXOH%20
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
399
I/O module (IOM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
,2PRGXOH ,20
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the binary I/O module, IOM, when few input and output channels are needed. The
ten output channels are used for trip output or any signalling purpose. The two high
speed signal output channels are used for applications where short operating time is es-
sential.
'HVLJQ
The binary I/O module, IOM, has eight optically isolated inputs and ten output relays.
One of the outputs has a change-over contact. The nine remaining output contacts are
connected in two groups. One group has five contacts with a common and the other
group has four contacts with a common, to be used as single-output channels.
The binary I/O module also has two high speed output channels where a reed relay is
connected in parallel to the standard output relay.
1RWH
7KHPDNLQJFDSDFLW\RIWKHUHHGUHOD\VDUHOLPLWHG
)XQFWLRQEORFN
,20
xx00000157.vsd
)LJXUH ,2PRGXOH
400
I/O module (IOM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRU,2PRGXOH,20
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7DEOH 2XWSXWVLJQDOVIRU,2PRGXOH,20
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
401
mA input module (MIM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
P$LQSXWPRGXOH 0,0
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Use the milliampere input module, MIM, to interface transducer signals in the ± 20 mA
range from for example temperature and pressure transducers.
'HVLJQ
The milliampere input module has six input channels, each with a separate protection
and filter circuit, A/D converter and optically isolated connection to the backplane.
The digital filter circuits have individually programmable cut-off frequencies, and all
parameters for filtering and calibration are stored in a nonvolatile memory on the mod-
ule. The calibration circuitry monitors the module temperature and commences an au-
tomatical calibration procedure if the temperature drift increase outside the allowed
range. The module uses the serial CAN bus for backplane communication.
Signal events are time stamped locally for minimum time deviance and stored by the
event recorder if present.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
See Monitoring / Monitoring of DC analog measurements.
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 0,0(QHUJL]LQJTXDQWLWLHVUDWHGYDOXHVDQGOLPLWV
7DEOH 0,07HPSHUDWXUHGHSHQGHQFH
402
Power supply module (PSM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
3RZHUVXSSO\PRGXOH 360
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The power supply module, PSM, with built in binary I/O is used in 1/2 and 3/4 of full
width 19” units. It has four optically isolated binary inputs and five binary outputs, out
of which one binary output is dedicated for internal fail.
'HVLJQ
The power supply modules contain a built-in, self-regulated DC/DC converter that pro-
vides full isolation between the terminal and the battery system.
The power supply module, PSM, has four optically isolated binary inputs and four out-
put relays.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
IO02-
,202'8/(
POSITION ERROR
BLKOUT BI1
BO1 BI2
BO2 BI3
BO3 BI4
BO4
BONAME01
BONAME02
BONAME03
BONAME04
BINAME01
BINAME02
BINAME03
BINAME04
xx00000236.vsd
)LJXUH %LQDU\,2RQWKHSRZHUVXSSO\PRGXOH360
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH,2PRGXOH ,2 IXQFWLRQEORFN ,2RQ360
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
403
Power supply module (PSM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 3603RZHU6XSSO\0RGXOH
404
Local LCD human machine interface &KDSWHU
(LCD-HMI) +DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
/RFDO/&'KXPDQPDFKLQHLQWHUIDFH /&'+0,
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The human machine interface is used to monitor and in certain aspects affect the way
the product operates. The configuration designer can add functions for alerting in case
of important events that needs special attention from you as an operator.
405
Local LCD human machine interface &KDSWHU
(LCD-HMI) +DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
'HVLJQ
C
3
5
E
4
xx00000712.vsd
2. LCD display
4. Navigation buttons
5. Optical connector
)LJXUH 7KH/&'+0,PRGXOH
The number of buttons used on the HMI module is reduced to a minimum to allow a
communication as simple as possible for the user. The buttons normally have more than
one function, depending on actual dialogue.
406
18 LED indication module (LED-HMI) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
/('LQGLFDWLRQPRGXOH /('+0,
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The LED indication module is an option for the feature for the REx 5xx terminals for
protection and control and consists totally of 18 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes). The
main purpose is to present on site an immediate visual information such as protection
indications or alarm signals. It is located on the front of the protection and control ter-
minals.
)XQFWLRQDOLW\
The 18 LED indication module is equipped with 18 LEDs, which can light or flash in
either red, yellow or green color. A description text can be added for each of the LEDs.
See LED indication function (HL, HLED) for details on application and functionality.
407
18 LED indication module (LED-HMI) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
xx00000406.vsd
1 Three-color LEDs
$SSOLFDWLRQ
Each LED indication on the HMI LED module can be set individually to operate in six
different sequences; two as follow type and four as latch type. Two of the latching types
are intended to be used as a protection indication system, either in collecting or re-start-
ing mode, with reset functionality. The other two are intended to be used as a signaling
system in collecting mode with an acknowledgment functionality. See Application
manual for more detailed information.
'HVLJQ
The LED indication function consists of one common function block named HLED and
one function block for each LED named HL01, HL02,..., HL18.
408
18 LED indication module (LED-HMI) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
The color of the LEDs can be selected in the function block to red, yellow or green in-
dividually. The input signal for an indication has separate inputs for each color. If more
than one color is used at the same time, the following priority order is valid; red, yellow
and green, with red as highest priority.
The information on the LEDs is stored at loss of the auxiliary power for the terminal,
so that the latest LED picture appears immediately after the terminal has restarted suc-
cesfully.
)XQFWLRQEORFN
HL01-
+0,B/('6
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
xx00000726.vsd
HLED-
+0,B/('
ACK_RST NEWIND
BLOCK FAIL
LEDTEST
xx00000725.vsd
,QSXWDQGRXWSXWVLJQDOV
7DEOH ,QSXWVLJQDOVIRUWKH+0,B/('V +/QQ IXQFWLRQEORFN
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
LEDTEST Input for external LED test. Common for the whole LED-unit.
409
18 LED indication module (LED-HMI) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
6LJQDO 'HVFULSWLRQ
NEWIND Output that gives a pulse each time a new signal on any of
the indication inputs occurs.
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
Path in local HMI: Settings/Functions/Groupn/HMI LED
7DEOH 6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUVIRUWKH/('LQGLFDWLRQIXQFWLRQ
410
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
2SWLFDOUHFHLYHUPRGXOH 250
$SSOLFDWLRQ
The optical receiver module (ORM) is used to interface signals from optical instrument
transformers (OITP) to the terminal. The ORM module can replace the conventional an-
alog input modules. Either 50 or 60 Hz signals is handled by the module. Only one of
the frequencies must be selected and used for all inputs.
'HVLJQ
The optical receiver module has four optical input channels that handles data from op-
tical instrument transformers (OITP). It converts the OITP data to a format used in the
terminal. The received data is processed in different ways depending on the setting of
the eight pole dip-switch of the module.
/RJLFGLDJUDP
Input data
ORM output data
from OITP
U1 U1
U2 U2
U3 U3
U4 U4
U5 U5
Channel 1
I1 I1
I2 I2
I3 I3
I4 I4
I5 I5
xx01000204.vsd
)LJXUH 6WUDLJKWFRQQHFWLRQ
411
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
+
I3
I4 +
Σ I2
+
I5
+
Σ I3
+
U1 +
Σ I4
+
U2
U3 +
Σ I5
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000205.vsd
)LJXUH /LQHWHUPLQDOFRQQHFWLRQ
412
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
+
I3
I4 -
Σ I2
+
I5
-
Σ I3
+
U1 -
Σ I4
+
U2
U3 -
Σ I5
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000206.vsd
)LJXUH /LQHWHUPLQDOFRQQHFWLRQUHYHUVHGFXUUHQWGLUHFWLRQFKDQQHO
413
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
Input data
ORM output data
from OITP
U1 U1
U2 U2
U3 U3
U4 U4
U5 U5
Channel 1
I1 I1
I2 I2
I3 I3
I4 I4
I5 I5
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000207.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUV\QFKURFKHFNIXQFWLRQV
414
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 3
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 4
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000208.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUFRQWUROWHUPLQDOIXQFWLRQV
415
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000209.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUIDXOWORFDWRURU&7&)IXQFWLRQV
416
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 2
I1
I2
I3
I4 - Σ
I5
xx01000210.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUIDXOWORFDWRURU&7&)IXQFWLRQVUHYHUVHGFXUUHQWGL
UHFWLRQFKDQQHO
417
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
U1 U1
U2 U2
U3 U3
U4 U4
U5 U5
Channel 2
+
I1
I2 +
Σ I1
I3 +
I4
I5 +
Σ I2
U1 +
Σ I3
U2 +
U3
U4 +
Σ I4
U5 +
Channel 3
+
Σ I5
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 4
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000211.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUEUHDNHUVZLWFKJHDU
418
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
U1 U1
U2 U2
U3 U3
U4 U4
U5 U5
Channel 2
+
I1
I2 -
Σ I1
I3 +
I4
I5 -
Σ I2
+
U1 -
Σ I3
U2 +
U3
U4 -
Σ I4
U5 +
Channel 3
-
Σ I5
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
Channel 4
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
xx01000212.vsd
)LJXUH 6LJQDOVHOHFWLRQIRUEUHDNHUVZLWFKJHDUUHYHUVHGFXUUHQWGLUHFWLRQ
FKDQQHODQGFKDQQHO
419
Optical receiver module (ORM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
6HWWLQJSDUDPHWHUV
7DEOH 6HWWLQJVIRUDSSOLFDWLRQVVXSSRUWHGE\250PRGXOH
&XUUHQWLQSXW
x x x x x x x Straight connection 50 Hz -
x x x x x x x x Straight connection 60 Hz -
x= DIP On
7HFKQLFDOGDWD
7DEOH 2502SWLFDOUHFHLYHUPRGXOH
)XQFWLRQ 7\SH
420
Serial communication modules (SCM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
6HULDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOHV 6&0
63$,(&
Refer to chapter Data communication.
/21
Refer to chapter Data communication.
421
Data communication modules (DCM) &KDSWHU
+DUGZDUHPRGXOHV
'DWDFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOHV '&0
For more informaton about the data communication modules, .
1RWH
,QVWUXFWLRQVKRZWRFRQILJXUHWKHGLJLWDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOHVVHH&KDSWHU&RQILJ
XULQJWKHGLJLWDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOHVLQWKH,QVWDOODWLRQDQGFRPPLVVLRQLQJPDQXDO
IRUHDFKSURGXFW
422
&KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
&KDSWHU 'LDJUDPV
423
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
7HUPLQDOGLDJUDPV
7HUPLQDOGLDJUDP5H[[[
en03000143.eps
)LJXUH +DUGZDUHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHRIIXOOZLGWK ´FDVH
424
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
en03000144.eps
)LJXUH +DUGZDUHVWUXFWXUHRIWKHRIIXOOZLGWK ´FDVH
425
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
7HUPLQDOGLDJUDP5H[[[
)LJXUH 5([[[
426
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[ZLWK'&VZLWFK
427
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[WUDQVIRUPHULQSXWPRGXOHDQG$'FRQYHUVLRQPRGXOHSKDVH
V\VWHPRSWLRQ
428
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[WUDQVIRUPHULQSXWPRGXOHDQG$'FRQYHUVLRQPRGXOHSKDVH
V\VWHPRSWLRQZLWK57;3LQWHUQDOHDUWKLQJ
429
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[WUDQVIRUPHULQSXWPRGXOHDQG$'FRQYHUVLRQPRGXOHSKDVH
V\VWHPRSWLRQZLWK57;3H[WHUQDOHDUWKLQJ
430
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[ELQDU\LQRXWSRZHUVXSSO\PRGXOHRSWLRQ
431
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[ELQDU\LQRXWPRGXOHRSWLRQ
432
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[ELQDU\LQPRGXOHRSWLRQ
433
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[ELQDU\RXWPRGXOHRSWLRQ
434
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[P$LQSXWPRGXOHRSWLRQ
435
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[GLJLWDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRGXOHRSWLRQ
436
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
)LJXUH 5([[[RSWLFDOUHFHLYHUPRGXOHRSWLRQ
437
Terminal diagrams &KDSWHU
'LDJUDPV
438
1MRK 506 073-UEN