Centro Scolastico Paritario “Galileo Galilei”

Istituto professionale per i Servizi Alberghieri e della Ristorazione

Via Ottaviano Augusto n.35 – Nola (NA)

PIANO DI LAVORO ANNUALE DI LINGUA INGLESE

CLASSE: 1^ A
Docente: Santaniello Rosanna

La seguente dispensa include:

-spiegazioni di regole grammaticali
-esercizi, ognuno con richieste differenti
-sezioni dedicate all’acquisizione di vocaboli riguardanti vari topics e in particolar modo l’area tematica di specializzazione
-Reading: letture consigliate e comprensioni dei testi
-Writing: esercitazione nella scrittura
-attività quali Listenig and Speaking (ascolto e parlato) saranno svolte in classe con il docente al fine di sviluppare la
capacità di interagire in modo costruttivo all’interno di lavori di gruppo facendo riferimento ad eventi pratici di attività.
Infine si troverà all’interno della dispensa testi con approfondimenti relativi usi,costumi e aspetti generali della Gran
Bretagna.

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Di seguito i contenuti che costituiscono il Piano di Studio suddivisi nelle tre aree tematiche:

Strutture grammaticali Funzioni comunicative Aree lessicali

Parlare di sé , della famiglia e della

Present Simple L’alfabeto
casa
La struttura della frase in inglese I numeri cardinali
Paesi e aggettivi di nazionalità
Pronomi personali soggetto e Mesi, stagioni e giorni della
Parlare di possesso
complemento settimana
Parlare di dove si trovano gli oggetti
Aggettivi possessivi Le stanze di una casa
Dire l’ora
Pronomi possessivi La famiglia, aspetto fisico
Parlare della routine quotidiana
Pronomi riflessivi Oggetti personali
Dire con che frequenza si svolgono
Pronomi dimostrativi this, that, these, Orari e date
delle attività
those Routine quotidiana
Descrivere le persone
There is, there are Cibo e bevande
Scrivere una lettera informale
Articoli a/an, the Elettrodomestici da cucina
Parlare di azioni in corso in questo
Genitivo sassone Cultura generale del Regno Unito
momento o nel periodo attuale
Preposizioni di luogo
Fare, accettare e rifiutare delle
Present simple/Past simple
proposte
Avverbi ed espressioni di frequenza
Parlare di cibo, alimentazione e
Present continuous
quantità
Present continuous o Present simple?
Parlare di dieta
Sostantivi numerabili e non
Idiomi
numerabili
Some/any
(How) much/many?
Comparative and superlatives
Verbi modali
Forme per esprimere il futuro
Gerundio e infinito
Used to

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 Word order in english sentences
Nella frase inglese la posizione delle parole è quasi sempre la stessa:
Soggetto+ verbo+ complemento:
I like english food.
La negazione si forma sempre con Not:
I don’t like english food.
Nella forma interrogative abbiamo:
L’ausiliare Do/Does+ soggetto+ verbo+complemento.
Do I like english food?
P.s: I verbi che sono già ausiliari o simili quali per esempio be- have got e modali NON HANNO bisogno
dell’ausiliare Do/Does.
Esempio:
- Are you hungry?
- Has he got pens, pencils and a rubber?
- May I go to the toilet, please?

The english QUESTION TAGS

Le Question Tags corrispondono in italiano alle espressioni vero?/non è vero? usate di solito a fine frase per
avere una conferma di quanto è stato detto.

COME SI FORMANO

La formazione delle Question Tags prevede tre passaggi:

1. si ripete l’ausiliare o il modale della frase principale o in caso non ci fossero modali o ausiliari, usando do,
does, did, secondo il tempo usato nella frase principale.
2. la forma della Question Tag va posta al contrario di quella della frase principale, e cioè se la frase principale
è affermativa, la Question Tag sarà negativa e viceversa.
3. l'ausiliare, il modale o do, does, did sono seguiti dal pronome personale soggetto
corrispondente al soggetto della frase principale.
Ad esempio partiamo dalla frase
Mark is going to the cinema = Mark sta andando al cinema.

In questo caso l'ausiliare è is in quanto il verbo TO GO si trova nella forma progressiva del presente (Present
Progressive), quindi dopo la virgola si inserisce l'ausiliare nella forma negativa (isn't) e il pronome personale
soggetto (he) corrispondente al soggetto della frase principale (Mark) e la frase sarà così completata

Mark is going to the cinema, isn't he? = Mark sta andando al cinema, non è vero?

Ecco alcuni esempi di Question Tags con differenti ausiliari e modali

FRASE PRINCIPALE QUESTION TAGS

Sarah is a student, isn't she?

Paul can swim, can’t he ?
They haven’t got a computer, have they?
John has just arrived, hasn’t he?
The dog had barked in the garden, hadn't it?
You would like a cup of coffee, wouldn’t you?

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 You aren’t studying are you?
She went to the disco yesterday night, didn’t she?
Ben and Terry play tennis on Sundays, don’t they?
George loves her, doesn’t he?

Nota bene: nelle question tags viene usato come soggetto sempre e solo il pronome personale
Sarah is a student, isn't she? Paul
can swim, can’t he ?
Ben and Terry play tennis on Sundays, don’t they?

Esercizi:
ESERCIZI
Esercizio 1
Forma le question tags nelle seguenti frasi:
1.You are tired,
2.Tom can't cook,_____
3.Susan wouldn't come
4.It's beautiful,
5.He isn't Paul's son,
6.there are some people,
7.Liza loves cooking,
8.Tom and Paul eat burgers on Monday, __
9.Your parents don't like golf,

Complete these sentences about the USA with question tags.

1. People speak English in the USA, ………………………………...
2. Jack knows quite a lot about the USA, …………………………
3. He has often been to the USA, …………………………………..
4. The Navajo Indians lived in Arizona, …………………………….
5. San Francisco is in California, ……………………………………..
6. Jefferson wasn’t the first president, …………………………….
7. Columbus discovered America, …………………………………...
8. The Americans drive on the right, ……………………………….
9. The shops stay open very late in America, ……………………...
10. July 4th is Independence Day, ……………………………………...
11. Texas and California were once Spanish, ……………………….
12. Alaska hasn’t always belonged to the USA, ………………..
13. You can ski in the Rockies in summer, …………………..
14. You shouldn’t go on the New York subway at night..........................................................

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 VERBO ESSERE - TO BE
To Be traduce in inglese il verbo italiano "Essere".

Tuttavia vi sono dei casi in cui le frasi con il verbo To Be corrispondono ad espressioni italiane con "Avere"
ovvero quando il verbo "Avere" non viene utilizzato per indicare possesso bensì uno stato o una condizione.

Eccone alcuni esempi:

Ho 37 anni. = I am 37 (years old)
Ho fame = I am hungry Ho
freddo = I am cold Ho
ragione = I am right Ho
sonno= I am sleepy Ho
paura = I am scared
Ho fretta = I am in a hurry

Nella seguente tabella ci sono la forma estesa (EST) e quella contratta (CON) del
Presente Semplice del verbo essere:

INTERROG-
FORME AFFER NEGATIVA INTERROG NEGATIVA
I am I am not Am I …? Am I not…?
You are You are not Are you…? Are you not..?
He is He is not Is he…? Is he not…?
She is She is not Is she…? Is she not…?
It is It is not Is it…? Is it not…?
We are You We are not Are we...? Are we not...?
are They You are not Are you...? Are you not...?
EST are They are not Are they...? Are they not..?

I'm I'm not Aren't I…?*

You're You aren't Aren't you..?
He's He isn't Isn't he…?
She's It's She isn't Isn't she…?
We're It isn't Isn't it…?
You're We aren't La forma interrogativa Aren't we...?
They're You aren't non ha la forma Aren't you...?
CON contratta Aren't they..?
They aren't

La forma estesa viene usata prevalentemente nella lingua scritta.

*La forma contratta di Am I not...? usata nel parlato è Aren't I...?

Present Simple

Questo tempo verbale si usa per:

1. descrivere delle situazioni, delle azioni e degli eventi ricorrenti.
ESEMPI: ogni giorno mi alzo alle 7; ogni mercoledì vado in palestra; ogni Natale vado a pranzo fuori, etc.

2.per descrivere delle "verità" o dei dati di fatto. Es: l'acqua bolle a 100°C.
Per comporre frasi con il present simple è necessario conoscere i verbi all'infinito, per poi poterli coniugare.

VERBI ALL'INFINITO
Ecco un riepilogo dei verbi incontrati in questo volume (all'infinito): INFINITO
TRADUZIONE INFINITO
TRADUZIONE
to answer rispondere to meet incontrare
conoscere persone per la prima volta

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 to call chiamare to need avere bisogno di
telefonare
to come venire to open aprire

Specchietto riassuntivo per formazione della terza persona singolare:

3rd PERSON SINGULAR SPELLING RULES:

General rule: add -s Verbs ending in s, Verbs ending in o: Verbs ending in Verbs ending in
ss, ch, sh, x: add -es add -es consonant + y: vowel + y: add -s
walk – she walks miss – she misses change the y into i
talk – she talks watch – she watches go – she goes and add -es play – she plays
answer – answers wash – washes do – she does study – she studies enjoy – she enjoys
fix – she fixes tidy – she tidies stay – she stays

ESERCIZI
Esercizio 1
Volgi le seguenti frasi alla forma interrogativa (?) o negativa (-):

1.He is very intelligent (-)

2.We are happy (?)
3.You are my friend (-)
4.It is a lovely day (?)
5.They are tall (?, -)

Esercizio 2
Completa le frasi con il verbo essere e completa le risposte brevi quando presenti:

1. she your daughter? No, . She my sister!

2. you French? Yes, ___
3.I'_ Carlo, a Spanish student.
4.We (not) cousins; we brothers.
5.It (not) a pen! It' a USB stick.
6. _they late?
7.No, . They early!
8.We (not) your new teachers.
8. (Tom) your friend?

Esercizio 3
Correggi gli errori, se ci sono:

1.I're your friend!

2.Tom's your friend? No, it isn't.
3.We're happy!
4.He'sn't happy.
5.Mum and Dad is happy
6.I amn't Tom. I'm Nicholas!
7.Are Elisa your sister? Yes, she's
8.Are Tom and Jennifer your friends? Yes, they're
9.No, they're my cousins
10.You happy? Yes, I am

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 Write the third person singular in the present simple of the following verbs in the right place.

forget fly brush open say pray

pay understand throw echo cook hurry

touch study finish apply catch like
go want try stay enjoy wish
play supply do obey relax Undo

--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------

--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------
--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------
--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------
--------------------- ------------------- --------------------- --------------------- ---------------- ----------------

Fill in the blanks with the present simple of the verbs in brackets.

1. Janet _______________ (watch) a film on TV.
2. The girl _______________ (finish) her homework.
3. My father ________________ (fix) the TV.
4. The children ______________ (visit) the museum every
school year.
5. Helen _______ (wash) her hair every two days.
6. My friend _____________ (try) to cheer me up.
7. My mother _______________ (guide) me.
8. They _________ (offer) me a CD every Christmas.
9. I _________ (wait) for you whatever happens.
10. My mother always ______ (divide) the cake in six.
11. My family ____ (plan) a trip to the UK every year.
12. Mr. Harris is the one who usually _____________
(carry) the heavy boxes to the attic.
13. I normally _________ (talk) to John on the phone.
14. Karen and Sara _____________ (play) the guitar.
15. The students _____ (describe) their homes easily.
16. Tom ______________________ (collect) stamps.
17. The young boy ________________ (cry) for help.
18. Susan __________________ (wrap) the present.
19. Katy ____________ (admire) her grandmother.
20. Babies _____________ (like) to clap their hands.

Fill in the gaps with the Present Simple (negative) of the verbs in brackets.

1. David _________________ (not / watch) films in the cinema.

2. Carol _________________ (not / like) to go to parties.
3. My parents _________________ (not / go) to restaurants.
4. Peter _________________ (not / close) the door when he enters.
5. Nicole __________________ (not / obey) any rule.
6. Jewels ___________________ (not / disappear) just like that!
7. I ___________________ (not / like) to wait too much long.
8. Mrs. Underwood ___________________ (not / understand) me.
9. The students __________________ (not / identify) the subject in the sentence.
10. The naughty boys _________________ (not / apologise) for their bad behaviour as a rule.
11. Caroline __________________ (not / like) to be disturbed.
12. Thieves ___________________ (not / admit) that they steal.

Now use the interrogative form of the present simple.

1. _______________________ (the girl / blush) when her boyfriend kisses her?

2. _______________________ (Caroline / like) to be disturbed?
3. _______________________ (you / explain) clearly?
4. _______________________ (Mum / cook) dinner every day?
5. _______________________ (the pupil / ask) for help?
6. _______________________ (girls / enjoy) going to parties?
7. _______________________ (you / visit) the museum regularly?
8. _______________________ (Charles / arrive) early as a rule?
9. _______________________ (secretaries / make) hotel reservations?
10. _______________________ (Mrs. Clark / water) the plants?

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 11. _______________________ (the cat / scratch) the front door?
12. _______________________ (your sister / cook) well?

Rewrite the sentences both in the negative and interrogative forms.

1. I walk to school. 5. I talk to Andrew every single day.

NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
2. That driver never stops at the traffic lights.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
3. The boys play football quite well.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
4. This kite flies real high.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
6. Michael works in a big company.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
7. My Mum mixes all the ingredients.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________
8. My brother Alfred studies Spanish at school.
NEG. ___________________________
INT. ___________________________

Daily Routine

A - Translate the following expressions into your own language.

Wake up = Leave home = Talk on the phone = Download music and films =
Get up = Go to school= Work on the computer = Play computer game=
Get dressed/put the shoes on = Arrive at school = Feed the cat/dog = Surf the net =
Go to the bathroom = Start school = Read = Update my status on the
facebook
Have a shower = Finish school = Write = Check my e-mail =
Brush my teeth = Do the homework= Do the housework = Get undressed =
Comb my hair = Come back home = Walk the dog = Say the prayers =
Have breakfast = Help my mother at home = Watch TV = Go to bed =
Make the bed = Have lunch/dinner Listen to music = Go to sleep/fall asleep =

B – Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs in brackets:
Peter (1) __________ (start) his day at 7.oo. He (2) __________ (have) breakfast in the kitchen with all the family. Each
member (3) __________ (fix) his own breakfast. Peter (4) __________ (like) orange juice, toast and milk. He always(5)
__________ (have) an apple: his mother (6)__________ (believe) “an apple a day (7) __________ (keep) the doctor
away”. After breakfast Peter (8) __________ (make) his bed and (9) __________ (tidy) up his bedroom. He (10)
__________ (get) ready for lessons. He mustn’t be late, mother (11) __________ (be) very strict.
At 8.00 the Hanson kids (12) __________ (start) their lessons. At midday they (13) __________ (have) lunch. Then it’s
sport time: they (14) __________ (love) playing basketball, in-line staking and skate-boarding. After a refreshing shower
the Hanson brothers (15) __________ (rehearse) till dinner, because their fans (16) __________ (be) very demanding: they
(17) __________ (want) every detail to be OK.
Peter and his brothers (18) __________ (not/have) dinner with their parents as their father is always late. Their
mother (19) __________ (not/like) it very much. So, at weekends they (20) __________ (be) always together.

C – Fill in the blanks with the Simple Present of the verbs in brackets:
Mary (1) __________ (wake) up at 7.00. Then she (2) __________ (get) up at 7.30 and she (3) __________ (go) to the
bathroom. She (4) __________ (have) a shower, (5) __________ (brush) her teeth and (6) __________ (comb) her hair.
Afterwards she (7) __________ (have) breakfast. Ten minutes later she (8) __________ (take) her satchel, (9) __________
(kiss) her mother and (10) __________ (catch) a bus to school with her friend Diana. They (11) __________ (start) school
at 9.00. They (12) __________ (not/have) lunch at the school canteen. At three o’clock they (13) __________ (return)
home.

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In the afternoon, she (14) __________ (study) her lessons and (15) __________ (ride) her bicycle. In the evening she (16)
__________ (help) her mother prepare the dinner. After dinner she (17) __________ (watch) TV, her mother (18)
__________ (read) a magazine and her father (19) __________ (go) to bed earlier since he (20) __________ (be) always
the first in the family to get up.

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10
 THINGS TO
REMEMBER!

20 TWENTY 30 THIRTY 40 FORTY 50 FIFTY 60 SIXTY 70 SEVENTY 80 EIGHTY 90

NINETY
68 SIXTY-EIGHT
100 A/ONE HUNDRED 200 TWO HUNDRED
450 FOUR HUNDRED (AND) FIFTY 555 FIVE HUNDRED (AND) FIFTY-
FIVE
1000 A/ONE THOUSAND 3000 THREE THOUSAND
8700 EIGHT THOUSAND (AND) SEVEN HUNDRED

1ST FIRST 11TH ELEVENTH 21ST TWENTY-FIRST 31ST THIRTY-FIRST

2ND SECOND 12TH TWELFTH 22ND TWENTY-SECOND 40TH FORTIETH
3RD THIRD 13TH THIRTEENTH 23RD TWENTY-THIRD 50TH FIFTIETH
4TH FOURTH 14TH FOURTEENTH 24TH TWENTY-FOURTH 60TH SIXTIETH
5TH FIFTH 15TH FIFTEENTH 25TH TWENTY-FIFTH 70TH SEVENTIETH
6TH SIXTH 16TH SIXTEENTH 26TH TWENTY-SIXTH 80TH EIGHTIETH
7TH SEVENTH 17TH SEVENTEENTH 27TH TWENTY-SEVENTH 90TH NINETIETH
8TH EIGHTH 18TH EIGHTEENTH 28TH TWENTY-EIGHTH 100TH ONE HUNDREDTH
9TH NINTH 19TH NINETEENTH 29TH TWENTY-NINTH 1,000TH ONE THOUSANDTH
10TH TENTH 20TH TWENTIETH 30TH THIRTIETH 1,000,000TH ONE MILLIONTH

PRONOMI PERSONALI
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

JULY AUGUST SEPTEMB OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

5TH SEPTEMBER – THE FIFTH OF SEPTEMBER

SEPTEMBER, 5TH- NOVEMBER THE FIFTH

1998 – NINETEEN NINETY-EIGHT 2010- TWO THOUSAND AND TEN

MY BIRTHDAY IS ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY.

I WAS BORN IN 1978. (I WAS BORN IN NINETEEN SEVENTY-EIGHT)

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I Pronomi Personali si dividono in soggetto e complemento.

PRONOMI PERSONALI SOGGETTO

Persone Pronomi Personali Soggetto

1° Persona Singolare I Io
2° Persona Singolare You Tu
3° Persona Singolare He Lui / Egli
3° Persona Singolare She Lei / Ella
3° Persona Singolare It Esso / Essa
1° Persona Plurale We Noi
2° Persona Plurale You Voi
3° Persona Plurale They Loro / Essi / Esse

Nota bene:

- il pronome You si usa sia per la 2° persona singolare, sia per la 2° persona plurale e sia per il LEI, rivolto a
persone con cui si ha un rapporto formale

Es: Where have you been, John? = Dove sei stato (tu),John?
Excuse me Mr Jones, are you leaving tomorrow? = Mi scusi signor Jones, (lei) parte domani?

- la 3° persona singolare si esprime con per le persone con He al maschile, She al femminile, mentre per animali
(eccetto quelli domestici), piante, cose e concetti astratti si usa It

- il pronome della 3° persona plurale They viene usato indistintamente per tutti

- il pronome I si scrive sempre maiuscolo

PRONOMI PERSONALI COMPLEMENTO

I Pronomi Personali Complemento sono usati dopo un verbo, come complementi diretti, o dopo una
preposizione, come complementi indiretti.

Es: She is going to the cinema with him = Va al cinema con lui

Persone Pronomi Personali Complemento

1° Persona Singolare me me / mi
2° Persona Singolare you te / ti
3° Persona Singolare him lo / gli
3° Persona Singolare her la / le
3° Persona Singolare it lo / gli / la / le
1° Persona Plurale us ce / ci
2° Persona Plurale you ve / vi
3° Persona Plurale them li / gli / le

AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI POSSESSIVI

Nella seguente tabella le forme degli aggettivi e pronomi possessivi

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 Persona Pronome Aggettivo
1a singolare mine my
2a singolare yours your
3a singolare (femminile) hers her
3a singolare (maschile) his his
3a singolare (neutra) - its
1a plurale ours our
2a plurale yours your
3a plurale theirs their

Nota: its non è usato come pronome possessivo

USO DEGLI AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI POSSESSIVI

Un pronome possessivo si usa al posto di un nome per non ripeterlo:

Es: Julie's car is red. Mine is blue. = L'auto di Julie è rossa. La mia è blu.

Un aggettivo possessivo si usa di solito per descrivere un nome, e viene prima del nome, come gli altri
aggettivi:

Es: My car is bigger than her car. = La mia auto è più grande della sua auto.

Gli aggettivi possessivi si usano sempre davanti a parti del corpo o al vestiario

Es: He is looking for his glasses. = Sta cercando gli occhiali.

Non ci sono apostrofi negli aggettivi e pronomi possessivi:

Es: The dog wagged its tail. = Il cane scodinzolò la coda.

It's non è un pronome o aggettivo possessivo - significa it is:

Es: It's not my dog. = Non è il mio cane.

DIFFERENZE CON L'ITALIANO

- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi non sono mai preceduti da un articolo

Es: It's not my dog. = Non è il mio cane.

- Quando in italiano davanti all'aggettivo possessivo c'è l'articolo indeterminativo (un, uno, una), in inglese
si usa la seguente costruzione:

articolo (a, an) + sostantivo + of + pronome possessivo

Es: That is a friend of mine. = Quello è un mio amico.

- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi sono invariabili, cioè hanno la stessa forma sia per il maschile che per il
femminile, sia per il singolare che per il plurale

Es: My dog doesn't like her dogs. = Al mio cane non piacciono i suoi cani.

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- Gli aggettivi e i pronomi possessivi concordano in genere e numero con il possessore, anziché con la cosa
posseduta

Es: Mike and his sister = (di lui,di Mike)

Susan and her brother = Susan (di lei, di Susan)

PRONOMI RIFLESSIVI

Un pronome riflessivo è un speciale tipo di pronome.

Viene di solito usato quando il complemento oggetto di una frase ne è anche soggetto.

Ogni pronome personale (I, you, he, she, it, we, you they) ha la sua forma riflessiva.

Pronomi Personali Pronomi Riflessivi

I myself
You yourself
He himself
She herself
It itself
We ourselves
You yourselves
They themselves

QUANDO USARE UN PRONOME RIFLESSIVO

I pronomi riflessivi si usano in 3 situazioni principali:

Uso
Quando il soggetto e il complemento
oggetto sono lo stesso
Come complemento con preposizione,
che si riferisce al soggetto
Esempio
I hurt myself. = Mi sono fatto male.
The band call themselves "Riot". = Il gruppo si è chiamato
"Rivolta".
He shot himself. = Si è sparato.
I bought a present for myself. = Mi sono comprato un regalo.
She did it by herself. = L'ha fatto da sola. (da sè) That man is
talking to himself. = Quell'uomo sta parlando da solo. (a se
stesso)

I'll do it myself. = Lo farò da solo. (Nessun altro mi aiuterà)

They ate all the food themselves. = Si sono mangiati tutto il cibo.
Quando si vuole enfatizzare il soggetto (Nessun altro ne ha avuto)
The headmaster himself came to the meeting. = Il preside stesso è
venuto all'incontro

Non si usano i pronomi riflessivi

- con verbi come:

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Es: He gets up, washes, dresses and has breakfast. = Si alza, si lava, si veste e fa colazione.

- con parti del corpo e vestiario, che invece sono preceduti dagli aggettivi possessivi:
Es: He broke his arm. = Si è rotto il braccio.
Swedish people always take off their shoes when they come back home. = Gli Svedesi si tolgono
sempre le scarpe quando tornano a casa.

Ci sono verbi che sono riflessivi nella lingua italiana, ma non in quella inglese. Eccone qualche
esempio:
to feel (= sentirsi) to forget (= dimenticarsi), to get up (= alzarsi), to hurry up (=
affrettarsi), to keep fit (= tenersi in forma), to relax (= rilassarsi) to stop (= fermarsi).

Altri verbi si traducono come riflessivi quando vengono costruiti con GET + aggettivo o participio passato
Eccone qualche esempio:
to get angry (= arrabbiarsi), to get bored (= annoiarsi), to get dressed (= vestirsi), to get lost (= perdersi), to
get married (= sposarsi), to get ready (= prepararsi), to get tired (= stancarsi), to get wet (= bagnarsi), to get
worried (= preoccuparsi).

Es: He got bored at the party. = Si è annoiato alla festa.

Use the map or you'll get lost! = Usa la mappa o ti perderai!

- Esercizi

Write the correct personal pronoun.

Use I, you, he, she, it, we, they.
1 How old are ….............. Sara?
2 Tom and Tim are twins. ……………. are both twelve.
3 My name is Kate. …………… am a student.
4 Peter and I are friends. …………….. like football and tennis.
5 Mike is from England. …………… likes Maths.
6 …………. is the number five bus.
7 That’s Mike’s brother. ……………. works in a supermarket.
8 My sister is called Jane. ………….. is fifteen.
9 What’s your city like? …………… is small but quiet.
10 My mum’s name is Wendy. ……………. is a nurse.
11 My parents aren’t at home. ……………. are at work.
12 Are ……………. married? No, I am single.

Complete the sentences. Use object pronouns.

1 I need Sara’s mail address. I want to invite …………….. to the party.
2 Is this your mobile phone? Can I look at ………………. .
3 Tom and Paul are my friends. I meet ………………. every day.
4 Give ……………. my calculator. I need ………………. .
5 My brother and I are cleaning the house. Mum is helping ………….. .
6 Follow ……………., please. I will show ……………. the way to the post office.
7 We want to call you. Give ……………. your phone number.
8 My parents are still at work. We are waiting for …………….. .
9 Hurry up, my friends! We are waiting for ……………. .
10 Is your father here? I want to talk to ……………… .
11 Come with me. I want to show ……………… my photo album.
12 My mother sometimes helps …………….. with my homework. She is a teacher.
13 Where are my keys? I can’t find ……………… .

Write the appropiate possesive adjectives

15
 1. They are ….. ....children. (we) 14. They are ........... best friends (we)
2. It is ……... pyjamas. (he) 15. She is ............. cousin. (She)
3. It is ….. ...duck. (I) 16. They are in ................ room. (they)
4. It is …... ...Shampoo. (they) 17. You are in ................... house. (We)
5. It is …..... pink car. (She) 18. He is with ......... friends. (he)
6. He is ............. new friend. (he) 19. We are ....... brothers. (they)
7. they are ........ friends. (they) 20. They are in ............. car.(he)
8. She is .......... mother (She) 21. She is ....... last chance.(I)
9. We are .......... family. (She) 22. He is ............ father.(I)
10. It is .......... dog (he) 23. You are in ........... hotel.(We)
11. It is .......... fast car. (we) 24. It is .......... old chair(she)
12. I ´m .......... sister(she) 25. It is ............ food(It)
13. It is .................. new mobile phone. (He) 26. It is ............... cheap television (He)
27. He is .............. better option (She)

Reflexive pronouns, self-pronouns - Exercise

Choose the correct answers ( myself - yourself - himself - herself - itself - ourselves - yourselves – themselves)
1) Robert made this T-shirt ……
2) Lisa did the homework ……….
3) We took some bottles of cola at the party………
4) Emma, did you take the photo by………. ?
5) I wrote this poem . ……..
6) He cut …………………with the knife while he was doing the dishes.
7) The lion can defend ………………..
8) My mother often talks to ………….
9) Tim and Gerry, if you want more milk, help…………. .
10) Alice and Doris collected the stickers …………….
11) You can’t do this for me . I have to do it…………
12) Why doesn’t she do it………………….?
13) He saw……………………………..in the mirror.
14) We can’t do this……………………….
15) She likes to think of………………………………….as a good person.
16) They talk about……………………………….….all the time.
17) Are you going to the mall by……………………………………?
18) Mary is a person with lots of problems. Sometimes she even hurts…………………..
19) Why are you standing? Find some chairs for………………………………….and sit down.
20) I answer all my letters…………………………
21) I don't like them at all. They want everything for………………………………
22) I like to watch………………….……………in the video film.
23) Suze, did you bake the cake…………………………….?
24) The boys opened the parcels……………………………..
25) Susan made a video film about cats…………………………………
26) Bob, can you find the way to the cinema………………………………….?
27) My father built the tree house…………………………………..
28) The Millers drew all the paintings………………………………..
29) Jack's brother painted the bike……………………………………..
30) "Should I cook the soup?" No, I can do it………………………….
31) Why don’t you clean the windows……………………………………?
32) The old woman sat at the park bench talking to……………………………
33) The children cleaned their room…………………………………………………..
34) Jack and I introduced……………………………………….to our new neighbor.

16
READ THE CLUES AND COMPLETE THE CROSSWORD PUZZLE.

2 3

5 6 7

10 11 12

13

14

15

16

17

18

ACROSS EclipseCrossword.com
DOWN

1. My father’s mother is called Mary. She 1. My daughter’s daughter is called Mary.

is my… She is my…
2. My parents’ parents are still alive. All 4 3. Sue is Tim’s mother. Tim is Sue’s…..
are my…. 4. Paul is Jane’s uncle. Jane is Paul’s….
5. I have one child, a girl called Anna. 6. I am Susan’s son. She is my….
Anna is my…. 7. He is my father’s brother. He is my…
8. Bill’s father and my father are brothers. 9. I married Carol 25 years ago. She is
Bill is my….. my….
12. Peter is my son and Diana is my 10. My parents are called John and Mary.
daughter. I have two… John is my…
13. My mother’s father is called David. He 11. Rachel is my mother’s sister. She is
is my….. my…
15. My son has got two children called 13. My daughter’s son is called Edward.
Martha and John. They are my….. Edward is my…
16. Susan and I have the same parents. 14. Paul and I have the same parents. He
She is my…… is my…
17. I am married to Jim. He is my….
18. Jack is Bob’s uncle. Bob is Jack’s ...

17
 Describing
Describing People
CHARACTER / PERSONALITY

__active __sensitive
__aggressive __shy
__ambitious __strong-minded
__boring __stubborn
__careful __stupid
__careless __tough
__cheerful __tolerant
__clumsy __trusting
__confident __trustworthy
__curious __worried
__dull
__energetic
__friendly
__gentle
__generous
__hard-working
__imaginative
__independent
__intelligent
__loyal
__moody
__modest
__naive
__nice
__open-minded
__practical
__reliable
__secretive
__self-controlled
__selfish
__sensible

Describing physical characteristics

-FACE
• a round / oval / square / heart shaped face

• bushy / thick / thin eyebrows

• round / almond / narrow / close-set eyes (forma,colore)

• a broad / flat / sharp / button / fake nose

• full / thin lips

• a broad smile / a charming smile

• healthy / damaged teeth / braces

• wrinkles / freckles / pimples / smooth skin

• a moustache / a beard

18
 -HAIR: (lunghezza,acconciatura,colore)

• thick / rich / strong / healthy / shiny hair

• damaged hair / split ends • thin hair / receding hair • straight / wavy / curly hair

• long / short / shoulder-length hair

-Height/ weight

• tall •medium height • shortish • short / tiny

obese • fat • slightly overweight • heavily built • of average build • slim •thin • skinny • bony

-ACCESSORIES

• glasses / contact lenses / a hat / a hijab / a scarf

-SKIN TONE

pale • light-skinned • tan • dark-skinned • sun burnt

ES.Personality Adjectives

I Write the words in the box under the correct definitions.

shy furious selfish honest miserable extrovert sensible curious

confident

a person who a person who is

a person who is a person who
doesn’t tell lies or nervous in the
reasonable and practical. thinks only
cheat people company of
about himself
3 others
1_______________________ 2____________________
3_______________________ 4____________________
a person who wants to
a person who likes
4________________ find out about something
to spend time in someone who a person
activities with other is extremely who is
unhappy extremely
people than 6____________________________ angry
being
quiet and alone
someone who
5_______________________ 7___________________ 8__________________
strongly believes
in his own abilities

9____________________________

II Choose and write some personality adjectives which you think best describe the character of a
good friend and a good student.

A good friend IS faithful stubborn sensitive shy cheerful

extrovert selfish honest modest upset rude
reliable sincere
19 pretty generous flexible
brave
____________________________
____________________________

lazy polite hard-working

sensible nervous honest curious
A good student IS confident stupid inventive
_________________________________ talkative loyal intelligent
_________________________________ ambitious modest tense patient
_________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
III Now explain your choice.

IV What prefix forms the opposite of each of these words? (You need 4 different prefixes.)

Honest ______________
Reliable _____________
Patient ______________
Intelligent __________
Sensitive ____________
Polite ________________
Modest _____________Active ______________
Selfish _____________
Kind ______________
Sincere ___________
Happy _____________
Lucky _____________
Loyal ______________
-Describe a member of your family .

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

20
 THIS, THAT; THESE, THOSE
In Inglese l'aggettivo dimostrativo è l'unico aggettivo ad avere il plurale. Come tutti gli aggettivi, però, non hanno nè
maschile, né femminile.

Singolare Plurale
THIS THESE
Si usa per indicare tutto ciò che è VICINO Si usa per indicare tutto ciò è VICINO
“questo” “questi”

THAT THOSE
Per indicare ciò che è lontano Per indicare ciò che è lontano
“quello” “quelli”

PARTICOLARITÀ
Complete the
Spesso THIS /THESE sono accompagnati dall'avverbio HERE (qui),
spessoUse
sentences. THAT / THOSE sono accompagnati dall'avverbio THERE (là) o OVER THERE (laggiù)
object
pronouns.
Esercizi
1 I need Sara’s mail
Put in THIS
address. or THESE
I want to
__________
invite …………….. bookto the __________ children __________ woman
__________ books
party. __________ trousers __________ teeth
2 Is __________ house
this your mobile __________ tooth __________ foot
phone? Can I houses
__________ look at __________ jeans __________ teacher
__________
………………. . pencils __________ men __________ people
3 Tom__________
and Paulmiceare my __________ pupil __________ child
friends. I meet
……………….
Put in THAT every day.
or THOSE
4 Give …………….house
__________ my
__________
calculator. houses
I need
………………. . horse
__________
__________ horses
__________ girl
__________ boys
__________ animals
__________ man
__________ people
__________ car
__________ buildings
__________ birds
__________ secretary
__________ windows
__________ office

21
Change the sentences into the PLURAL
This book is good. _________________________________________________.
This office is near the bank. _________________________________________
That is my notebook. _______________________________________________
This boy is fourteen years old. ________________________________________
That dog is black. __________________________________________________
This is my house. ___________________________________________________
That is a tall building. _______________________________________________

Put in THIS, THAT, THESE or THOSE

__________ is my ball in my hand and __________ is your ball over there.
__________ is my cup here and __________ is your cup on the table over there.
__________ is Sally's bike in front of the door and __________ is her coat here.
__________ is Simon's pen on the floor over there and __________ here is his rubber. __________ are our parents and
__________ are our neighbours over there.
__________ is my sandwich here and __________ is Tom's sandwich over there
__________ are Tony's friends and _________ are my friends over there
 THERE IS, THERE ARE

“C'è”e “ci sono” si traducono con there is e there are.

There is (contratto: there's) si usa se seguito da predicati (articolo, se del caso, + nome) singolari;
there are se seguito da quelli plurali:
-c'è un cane= there is a dog
-ci sono due pesci= there are two fishes/fish

Le frasi interrogative si formano invertendo verbo/soggetto e le frasi negative aggiungendo NOT:

SCHEMA RIEPILOGATIVO DELLA REGOLA:

Frasi affermative THERE IS / THERE'S THERE
ARE
Frasi interrogative IS THERE... ?
ARE THERE...?
Frasi negative THERE IS NOT / THERE ISN'T THERE ARE
NOT / THERE AREN'T

ESERCIZI
Circle the correct answer.
A. There is/are cats in the kitchen.
B. There is/are mum and dad in the living room.
C. There is/are flowers in the vase upstairs.
D. There is/are everybody in the shopping centre.
E. There is/are students in the classroom.
F. There is/are an interesting article in the today’s newspaper.
G. There is/are some people who don’t care about their education.
H. There is/are a bath in my bathroom.
I. There is/are many books in the library.
J. There is/are a hamster downstairs.

Fill in the blanks with THERE IS/ THERE ARE.

1) ……………….. frogs in the pond.
2) ……………….. children at school.
3) ……………….. one pen in my pencil case.
4) ……………….. women in the shop.
5) ……………….. a rabbit in my garden.
6) ………………… a fridge in my kitchen.
7) …………………. four lamps in the living room.
8) ………………….. some crisps in the bag.
9) …………………… men in the company.
10) ……………………. a noise coming out of this room.

According to the picture fill in the blanks with there is/ there are/ there
isn’t/ there aren’t.
1) ………………….. a car in the garage.
2) ………………….. five chairs in the living room.
3) ………………….. one bed in the house.
4) ………………….. two dogs outside.
5) …………………... two lamps in the bedroom.
6) …………………… curtains in the living room.
7) …………………… a fridge in the kitchen.
8) …………………… two computers upstairs.
 9) …………………….one chair in the dining room.
Articolo Indeterminativo A / AN

L'articolo indeterminativo (un, uno, una) in Inglese si traduce con A oppure AN.
Vediamoli meglio: 1.non c'è distinzione tra maschile e femminile
“A” si usa davanti alle parole che iniziano per consonante o H aspirata
“AN” si usa davanti alle parole che iniziano per vocale o H non aspirata (o muta)
ESEMPI
-a chair > una sedia
-a hotel > un hotel (la H è aspirata)
-an honest man > un uomo onesto (la H non è aspirata)

APPROFONDIMENTI
Tutte le volte in cui una parola inizia con una vocale o una serie di vocali che suonano come YOU (IU), WO (UO/UA), si usa
l'articolo AN:
-a uniform > una uniforme
-a European country > un paese europeo
-a one-year course > un corso di un anno
-an umbrella > un ombrello (U non ha il suono YOU)
Quattro sono le parole che iniziano per H muta: heir, honour, honest, hour e loro "derivati", quali:
honourable, honestly, heiress, hourly, hourglass, etc.

ESERCIZI
Esercizio 1
Inserisci A, AN oppure nulla:
1.Sarah is student; she is excellent pupil* and clever* girl
2.In my room there are pictures on the wall and wardrobe*
3.English students at school must wear* white socks
4.I want new pair of jeans
5.Tom is electrician
6.This is house, that is skyscraper*!
*pupil=scolaro
*clever=intelligente
*wardrobe=armadio
*must wear=dovere indossare
*skyscraper=grattacielo

Esercizio 2
Sulla base degli approfondimenti, decidi se usare A o AN prima dei seguenti nomi/aggettivi + nome:
1.eucaliptus tree
2.elegant man
3.US soldier
4.universal rule
5.ultimate decision
6.hostile country
7.youth hostel
8.honourable man
9.ordinary person
10.excellent meal
11.FBI agent
12.hour
13.once-in-a-lifetime experience
14.only child
 Articolo determinativo “THE

”L'articolo determinativo (il, lo, la; i, gli, le) si traduce soltanto con THE. Sebbene sembri facile ed intuibile, l'articolo
determinativo è forse il più difficile da capire nella grammatica inglese. Le sue regole d'uso sono infatti molto diverse da
quelle italiane e questo provoca non poche incomprensioni. Cerchiamo di fare un po' di luce.
Come regola generale, THE viene più usato con i nomi singolari numerabili (table) che con quelli plurali (people) o singolari
non numerabili (music) (vedere più avanti per la distinzione tra countable e uncountable nouns):
-the table
-music
-people

SCHEMA RIASSUNTIVO DELLA REGOLA:

NOMI SINGOLARI NUMERABILI:

-se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"

uso THE NOMI PLURALI:

-se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"
-se seguiti da una preposizione (of, in, to..) o da un pronome relativo (that,
which, who) che ne "restringe il campo"

NOMI SINGOLARI NON NUMERABILI:

--se noti a chi parla (e legge) o se dati per "scontati"
-se seguiti da una preposizione (of, in, to..) o da un pronome relativo (that,
which, who) che ne "restringe il campo"

NOMI SINGOLARI NUMERABILI:

-parti del corpo
-bed, work, home
non uso THE
NOMI PLURALI e NOMI SINGOLARI NON NUMERABILI:
-se generali o usati in senso generico (non riferiti a nulla di specifico)

ALTRO
-nomi propri (di persone)
-prima di un aggettivo possessivo

NOMI GEOGRAFICI
non uso THE uso THE
THE non si usa con i nomi dei CONTINENTI, PAESI o THE si usa se il nome del paese o continente è seguito da
STATI: "republic", "union", "kingdom", "states" o se sono nomi
Italy, Africa, Europe.. plurali:
the USA, the UK, the Netherlands..

(ma: southern Italy) THE si usa per indicare il NORD / SUD di un paese:
the south of Italy
THE generalmente non si usa con i nomi delle CITTÀ: The Hague (eccezione)
Rome, London
 THE non si usa con le ISOLE: THE si usa con GRUPPI DI ISOLE:
Sicily, Corfu the Bahamas

THE non si usa con singole MONTAGNE: THE si usa con GRUPPI DI MONTI:
Mount Everest, Mount Etna the Rocky Mountains (the Rockies)

THE non si usa con i LAGHI

Lake Constance, lake Como
THE si usa con OCEANI, MARI, CANALI, FIUMI
the Indian Ocean, the Panama Canal, the Thames

ESERCIZI
Esercizio 1
Decidi quando mettere o non mettere THE:
1. elephants are very intelligent animals
2. love is a difficult thing
3. feeling I have for you is very strong
4.We never go to cinema
5. computers are not very expensive today
6. big dogs are quiet
7. violets are my favourite flowers
8. sugar is sweet
9. sugar in my coffee is too much
10.Sarah is at the cinema with her friends
11.I'm in St. Peter's and bells are banging
12. violets on the table are lovely
13. cars they have are very expensive

Esercizio 2
Inserisci a, an, the oppure niente
1.In my town there isn't theatre. In fact, we never go to theatre
2.Tom lives in small town near beach
3. Argentina is country in South America. capital is Buenos Aires 4. monkey is mammal
5. whales are mammals
6.Let's go for coffee in bar!
7.Every Sunday we have our meal in restaurant
8.On Sunday we usually have big meal with our family
Esercizio 3
Sulla base degli approfondimenti, decidi quando mettere o non mettere THE:
1. My friends don't like school
2. Nicolas works in a hospital. He goes to hospital at 7 o'clock.
3. 3.Are Germans polite?
4.Jack plays guitar very well
5.Don't move TV! It's broken
6. What time do we have breakfast?
7. I live in America
8. We visit our friend in hospital
9. He stays in prison because he is a bank robber
10.Tom wears glasses
11. You can't* park your car if space is not enough!
12. Would you like to watch TV? - No, I prefer listening to radio.
 GENITIVO SASSONE
Il possesso in inglese può essere espresso con la proposizione of (the kitchen of your house is very large = la cucina
della tua casa è molto grande) o con il GENITIVO SASSONE.
Il GENITIVO SASSONE viene spesso usato in inglese soprattutto quando il possessore
è:
- persona o animale
Es: My brother’s car is red. = La macchina di mio fratello è rossa.

- nazione o città
Es: London’s squares are large. = Le piazze di Londra sono grandi.

- avverbio di tempo
Es: Today’s match is at 4.00. = La partita di oggi è alle 4.

- espressione di distanza e peso

Es: It’s a 700 kilometers’ journey. = E’ un viaggio di 700 Km.

- pronome indefinito
Es: Everyone’s body temperature is 37° C. = La temperatura corporea di tutti è di 37° C.

COME SI COSTRUISCE IL GENITIVO SASSONE

Il GENITIVO SASSONE si costruisce secondo il seguente schema:

possessore 's persona, animale o cosa posseduta (senza articolo)

Quando il possessore è al plurale e termina in –s, può essere seguito solo dall’apostrofo senza s:

Es: It’s a 700 kilometres’ journey. ("E’ un viaggio di 700 Km")

This is my parents' car. ("Questa è l'auto dei miei genitori.") Quando vi sono più

possessori:

- si aggiunge ’s solo all’ultimo possessore se il possesso è condiviso

Es: John and Mary’s parents are in Sweden. ("I genitori di John e Mary sono in Svezia)
- si aggiunge ’s a ciascun possessore se il possesso è individuale
Es: John’s and Mary’s parents are in Sweden. ("I genitori di John e quelli di Mary sono in Svezia)

I seguenti sostantivi sono di solito omessi quando hanno la funzione di "cosa posseduta" o è scontata la loro presenza
nella frase; in questi casi nell'inglese moderno si tende ad omettere anche il genitivo sassone:

- house
- restaurant
- shop / store
- hospital
- church / cathedral
- office
Ad esempio:
She is going to Bob’s. (sottintesa la parola house) = Sta andando a casa di Bob. Where is the nearest chemist's?
(sottintesa la parola shop) = Dov’è la farmacia più vicina?
We visited St. Paul’s. (sottintesa la parola cathedral) = Abbiamo visitato la cattedrale di St. Paul.
 I've booked a table for four at Mario’s. (sottintesa la parola restaurant) = Ho prenotato un tavolo per 4 da Mario.
Whose is this coat? It's Frank's. (sottintesa la parola coat) = Di chi è questo cappotto? Di Frank.

Exercise 1

Add the correct genitive ending.

Example:
the manager / office  the manager’s office

1. Alice / friend
2. Europe / future
3. Richard Adams / life
4. Sarah / life
5. our children / birthdays
6. in twenty years / time
7. Jimmy / behaviour
8. Morris / wife
9. David Evans / farm
10. the students / level
11. my parents / marriage
12. Chris / wedding
13. the United States / attitude
14. yesterday / meeting
15. my boss / wife
16. each other / name
17. next year / budget
18. D.H. Lawrence / last novel
19. the Beatles / best known songs
20. All Saints / Day
21. our neighbours / cottage
22. today / news
23. my mother / umbrella
24. a hard day / work
25. last Saturday / newspaper
26. the women / dressing room
27. three months / salary
28. one month / salary
29. my husband / new car
30. the two girls / father

Exercise 2

Make sentences as in the example. Decide yourself whether you need the of-construction or the genitive.

Example:
I like Ann’s camera. (the camera / Ann)
What is the name of this town ? (the name / this town)
 1. When is __________________________________ ? (birthday / your sister)
2. Do you like ______________________________ ? (colour / this coat)
3. Write your name at ___________________________. (top / the page)
4. What is ______________________________ ? (address / Jill)
5. What was ________________________________ ? (cause / the accident)
6. _________________________ is near the city centre. (house / my parents)
7. _________________________________ is very good. (spoken English / Maria)
8. For me the morning is _________________________. (best part / day)
9. ____________________________ is very interesting. (job / my brother)
10. The car stopped at ____________________________. (end / the street)
11. ________________________________ is blue. (favourite colour / Pat)
12. ______________________________ are very thin. (walls / this house)
13. Philip is ________________________. (husband / Liz)
14. I’ve never met ________________________________. (wives / Mr Kelly & Mr Fiddes)
15. Those are ______________________________. (shoes / Sophia)

Exercise 3

Fill in the following chart with all of the forms for each noun.

Singular Singular possessive Plural only Plural possessive

wife wife’s wives wives’

1. dog
2. wolf
3. tree
4. lady
5. fox
6. tooth
7. play
8. worker
9. shelf
10. man
11. studio
12. place
13. fly
14. child
15. woman
16. face
17. bridge
18. chief
19. company
20. church
 A Traditional Wedding

Read about this traditional wedding, then answer the true/false questions.

Everybody loves a good wedding and I'm no exception. I've been to a load of them in my native Britain and I must say that I

usually have a great time. I've also been to a few abroad, including the Caribbean and Spain, and most recently (last week in

fact) to one in the mountains of Sardinia. No two weddings are ever the same and I really enjoyed this one for one or two of the

differences from those in the UK.

First, the two families spent at least three weeks before the big day preparing all the food, from wonderful home-made

delicacies to simple traditional breads and pastas. In my experience, in the UK that onerous task is left to the caterers! In the

week leading up to the wedding there is a dinner or some form of celebration every day - training for the stomach I guess. I

know that we have the traditional Bachelor party and Bachelorette party, but this is more family orientated and certainly a little

less rowdy. This particular ceremony was in a beautiful country church and afterwards the couple was driven to the reception in

a wonderfully decorated classic Fiat 500, which was really similar to what happens in the UK, even down to the string of tin

cans trailing behind the car!

The reception itself was also very similar until I realized that the seven tables in the hall each sat sixty guests (that's four

hundred and twenty, for those of you who didn't study Math), an average number for Sardinia but would be considered a very

large wedding where I'm from.

The wine flowed, as did the chatter - the famous Italian exuberance showing itself to the full. There were the five or six courses

of wonderful food, screaming kids running wild, the ceremonial cutting of the cake by the bride and groom - but no speeches!

Not one. In the UK it's traditional for the father of the bride to propose a toast, followed by the groom and finishing up with

that of the best man. His is meant to be he highlight of the lunch \ dinner, generally having a good laugh at the groom's

expense, but here the groom was spared that particular discomfort.

Instead there was a delightful custom which I'd never seen before, in which six or seven of the male guests pass round the hall

banging trays, drums, pots, pans or basically anything that makes a horrendous noise, selling pieces of the groom's tie which

has been cut into tiny bits. The money raised is then given to the happy(!) couple to help them set up their new life together.

Really nice. Finally the evening saw a lot of traditional dancing, a little disco dancing and some karaoke. Pretty much the part I

like best, and again I wasn't disappointed. Can't wait for the next one.
1. The writer generally likes weddings.
     True
     False

2. He didn't particularly enjoy the Sardinian one.

     True
     False

3. The families helped the caterers to prepare the food.

     True
     False

4. There is usually a dinner the night before the wedding.

     True
     False

5. The groom meets the bride outside the church.

     True
     False

6. UK wedding receptions are often a lot smaller than Sardinian ones.

     True
     False

7. The writer found it hard to understand the speeches.

     True
     False

8. The staff of the reception hall cut the cake for the guests.
     True
     False

9. There is an auction to sell the groom's tie.

     True
     False

10. The money from this helps to pay for the reception.
     True
     False
 Find a partner and play together with one person speaking
the lines in the orange box and the other speaking the lines in
the green box. Throw a dice before you start to determine
which line number to say in each section. Once you have
finished, swap roles and start again.
EE
1.
1. Could
Could you
you give
give me
me your
your name,
name, please?
please?
2.
2. Can
Can II have
have your
your name,
name, please?
please?
A
A 3.
3. May
May II know
know your
your name,
name, please?
please?
1.
1. Bates
Bates Hotel,
Hotel, reservations.
reservations. May May II help
help you?
you? 4.
4. Under
Under which
which name
name shall
shall II make
make the
the reservation?
reservation?
2.
2. This
This isis Bates
Bates Hotel
Hotel reservations.
reservations. How
How can
can II be
be 5.
5.Yes,
Yes, we
we do.
do. Could
Could you
you tell
tell me
me your
your name,
name, please?
please?
of
of service?
service? 6.
6.AAsingle
single room.
room. Could
Could II have
have your
your name,
name, please?
please?
3.
3. Bates
Bates Hotel
Hotel booking
booking desk.desk. How
How may
may II help
help you?
you?
4.
4. You’re through to the Bates Hotel. What can
You’re through to the Bates Hotel. What can II
do
do for
for you?
you?
5.
5. You’re
You’re speaking
speaking to to reservations
reservations at
at the
the Bates
Bates
Hotel.
Hotel. How
How cancan II help
help you?
you? FF
6.
6. Good
Good morning.
morning. Bates
Bates Hotel
Hotel reservations.
reservations. What
What 1.
1. My
My name
name isis Ivor
Ivor Booking.
Booking.
can
can II do
do for
for you?
you? 2.
2. It’s
It’s Ivor
Ivor Booking.
Booking.
3.
3. My
My first
first name
name isis Ivor
Ivor and
and my
my last
last name
name isis
Booking.
Booking.
4.
4. I’m
I’m called
called Ivor
Ivor Booking.
Booking.
5.
5. Of
Of course.
course. It’s
It’s Ivor.
Ivor. Ivor
Ivor Booking.
Booking.
B
B 6.
6. Certainly.
Certainly. My My name
name isis Ivor
Ivor Booking.
Booking.
1.
1. Hi!
Hi! I’d
I’d like
like toto reserve
reserve aa room,room, please.
please.
2.
2. Good
Good morning.
morning. Could Could II reserve
reserve one
one of
of your
your rooms,
rooms,
please?
please?
3.
3. Hello.
Hello. I’dI’d like
like toto book
book oneone of of your
your rooms.
rooms.
4.
4. Could
Could II reserve
reserve aa room,room, please?
please? G
5. G
5. Good
Good morning.
morning. I’d I’d like
like to
to make
make aa reservation,
reservation, ifif that’s
that’s 1.
OK. 1. How
How long
long were
were youyou planning
planning on on staying
staying Mr Mr
OK. Booking?
6. Booking?
6. Hi.
Hi. II need
need to to make
make aa reservation.
reservation. 2.
2. For
For how
how long
long would
would youyou like
like the
the room,
room, Mr Mr
Booking?
Booking?
3.
3. For
For how
how many
many nights
nights would
would youyou like
like to
to stay,
stay, Mr
Mr
Booking?
Booking?
C
C 4.
4.And
And how
how long
long will
will you
you be
be staying,
staying, MrMr Booking.
Booking.
1.
1. Of
Of course.
course. What
What kind
kind of
of room
room would
would you
you like
like to
to 5.
5. Could
Could you
you tell
tell me
me howhow long
long you
you would
would likelike to
to
have?
have? stay,
stay, Mr
Mr Booking?
Booking?
2.
2.Yes.
Yes. What
What sort
sort of
of room
room do
do you
you need?
need? 6.
6.And
And when
when will
will you
you bebe checking
checking out,out, Mr
Mr Booking?
Booking?
3.
3. No problem. What type of room would
No problem. What type of room would you
you like?
like?
4.
4.Yes,
Yes, of
of course.
course. What
What kind
kind ofof room
room would
would youyou like?
like?
5.
5.That’s
That’s fine.
fine. What
What kind
kind of
of room
room were
were you
you thinking
thinking
of?
of?
6.
6. OK.
OK. What
What sort
sort of
of room
room dodo you
you have
have in
in mind?
mind?
H
H
1.
1. I’ll
I’ll be
be staying
staying for
for two
two nights.
nights.
2.
2. I’d
I’d like
like the
the room
room for
for two
two nights
nights only,
only,
please.
please.
3.
3. Just
Just two two nights.
nights.
D
th
D 4.
4. I’ll
I’ll be
be staying
staying until
until the
the 55th..
1. nd 5.
5. Of
Of course.
course. Just
Just two
two nights.
nights.
1. Just
Just aa single,
single, please.
please. For
For November
November the the 22nd.. th.
2. nd 6.
6. I’ll
I’ll be
be leaving
leaving onon the
the 55th.
2. I’d
I’d like
like aa single
single room
room for
for the
the 22nd of
of November.
November.
nd
3.
3. II need
need aa single
single room
room onon November
November the the 22nd..
4. I would like to reserve a single room
4. I would like to reserve a single room for the for the
nd
night
night of of November
November the the 22nd.. II
5.
5. OK. Do you a single room available
OK. Do you a single room available for
for
November the 2nd? 1.
1. Ok,
Ok, Mr
Mr Booking.
Booking. Your
Your room
room isis reserved.
reserved.Thank
Thank
November the 2nd?
6. nd you
you for
for calling.
calling.
6.AAroom
room for for one
one person
person on on November
November the the 22nd.. 2.
2.Thank
Thank you
you for
for your
your call.
call.Your
Your room
room isis booked.
booked.
nd
3.
3. OK.
OK.That’s
That’s November
November the the 22nd for
for two
two nights.
nights.
Thank
Thank you
you for
for choosing
choosing Bates
Bates Hotel.
Hotel.
4.
4. Thank you for calling Mr Booking.
Thank you for calling Mr Booking. YourYour room
room isis
reserved.
reserved.
5.
5.That’s
That’s aa single
single room
room for
for two
two nights
nights under
under the
the
name
name ofof Booking.
Booking. Thank
Thank youyou for
for calling.
calling.
nd
6.
6.Thank
Thank you
you for
for calling.
calling. We’ll
We’ll see
see you
you onon the
the 22nd..

Text here
 How to write an Informal Letter.
The Writing Strategy of an Informal Thank-You Letter.
1. Write your address and the date in the top right (- hand) corner
2. Start the letter with: Dear + Name,
3. Ask how a person you are writing to is or express your hope she/he is well
How are you? I hope you are well. Then express your gratitude for the received letter.
Thanks for your letter. It was good to hear from you.
4. You are allowed to use short forms (contractions): It’s, You’re, I’d and colloquial
expressions.
5. You finish the letter with: Love, Lots of love, Best wishes,
6. Then sign it with your name
7. If, after having finished the letter, you want to add something, do it in post scriptum. -
PS

Ex.1 Match the missing parts of the letter (a-f) with the gaps (1-6)

2
3
a) Dear John, _____

How are you? Thanks so much for your last letter. It was great to hear from you and b) Adam _____
catch up on all your news. It sounds like you have a really
interesting lifestyle! It’s brilliant! We don’t live near the mountains so I’ve never been
rock climbing but I’d love to try it. c) 15 Coulter Road,
Ashford _____
I reckon I have a healthy lifestyle too. I sleep for about eight hours every night and
eat loads of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise. I enjoy all types of sport, but
I’m really good at basketball. My best mate and I are in the school team. Last month, I d) PS My brother sends
decided to do something different. I did a snorkelling course at our local swimming his love too. _____
pool . It was a laugh! I met a lot of really nice kids.
Why don’t you come here in the holidays? It would be great to get together! Hope to
see you soon! e) 25th May 2015 _____
4
f) Best wishes, _____
Ex. 3 Answer the questions about Adam’s letter.
5
1) What phrases does he use to open and close his letter?
6 ________________________________________________________
Ex.2 Find informal words and 2) Which five different contractions does he use?
phrases in the letter that mean: ________________________________________________________
3) What activities did each of them do recently?
1) thank you ________________ ________________________________________________________
4) What information does he add after his name?
2) very good ________________
________________________________________________________
3) lots of ________________
4) I think ________________
Ex.4 Rewrite these sentences in a more informal style.
5) fun ________________
1) Thank you for inviting me to your birthday party. It was fun!
6) best friend _______________ __________________________________________________________

7) kids _______________ 2) Adam thinks there are lots of very good places to visit near here.
Ex.5 ____________________________________________________________

Imagine Adam is your penfriend. Write a reply
telling him about your lifestyle. Use the writing
guide to help you. Remember to use informal
3) Thank you for the book. It’s very good.
___________________________________________________________
4) I think my best friend is fun. _________________________________

language and some of the useful expressions

above.
 scotland

Northern Ireland

england

wales

England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

Capital London Edinburgh Cardiff Belfast
Population 50.431.700 5.222.100 2.999.300 1.710.300
Area 130.395 sqk 78.772 sqk 20.761 sqk 13.843 sqk
Flag
 Great Britain The United Kingdom The British Isles
England England England
Scotland Scotland Scotland
Wales Wales Wales
Northern Ireland Northern Ireland
Ireland
and all of the small,
surrounding islands like Isle of
Wight, the Orkneys, the
Hebrides and the Shetlands

Questions:

1. What is the full name of the British Isles?

2. What is the capital of England?
3. What is the capital of Scotland?
4. What is the capital of Wales?
5. What is the capital of Northern Ireland?
6. What is the capital of Ireland?
7. What is the largest city in Great Britain?
8. Who is the Head of State in Great Britain?
9. What is the currency in England?
10. What do people call the UK flag?

Maps borrowed from http://www.cryonie.com/en/world/great-britain-vs-united-kingdom.ph

and http://projectbritain.com/britain/brit

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Il Presente Progressivo o Continuo chiamato Present ProgressiveTense (o Present Continuous Tense) è

comunemente usato in inglese per descrivere azioni

 che si stanno svolgendo in questo preciso momento

 che avvengono temporaneamente in un periodo di tempo limitato
 che esprimono un'irritazione accompagnata sempre dall'avverbio always
 che sono programmate nel futuro;

Questo tempo viene formato usando due componenti:

il presente semplice del verbo essere (to be) e la forma -ing del verbo di cui si vuole formare il presente
progressivo

La seguente tabella ne riassume la formazione

SOGGETTO VERBO ESSERE FORMA -ING del VERBO

I am working

You are working

He is is working

She is working

It are working

We are working

You are working

They working

COME SI FORMA:

La forma -ING dei verbi corrisponde al gerundio e al participio presente in italiano.

Con molti verbi basta aggiungere -ing alla forma base, con altri è necessario cambiare un po' la parte finale
VERBI CHE TERMINANO COME CREARE LA
CON... FORMA -ING ESEMPI

raddoppiare la consonante e swim - swimming get -

1 vocale + 1 consonante aggiungere -ing getting
rimuovere la e, poi aggiungere come - coming live -
1 vocale + 1 consonante + e -ing living
1 vocale accentata + 1 consonante
(solo con verbi bisillabi) raddoppiare la consonante e prefèr - preferring transmìt -
aggiungere -ing transmitting

raddoppiare la L e aggiungere quarrel - quarrelling

1 vocale + L -ing travel – travelling
go - going study -
tutti gli altri aggiungere -ing studying say - saying

Ci sono alcune forme irregolari:

Es: die = dying; lie = lying; tie = tying
Vediamo insieme la forma affermativa, interrogativa e negativa contratta del verbo to go al present continuous.

Affermativa Interrogativa Negativa contratta

I am going Am I going? Aren’t I going?

You are going Are you going? Aren’t you going?
He is going Is he going? Isn't he going?
She is going Is she going? Isn't she going?
It is going Is it going? Isn't it going?
We are going Are we going? Aren't you going?
You are going Are you going? Aren’t you going?
They are going Are they going? Aren’t they going?

Practice- Present Progressive

Fill in the missing verbs in the brackets, using the present progressive tense:
1. Dina is _________________(clean) her room at the moment.
2. Yossi _________________(play) football with his friends right now.
3. Look! Andy ________________(work) in the garden.
4. We ________________(read) a book. Please don't make noise.
5. Dan ________________(not listen) to CD's. He is watching the Mondial.
6. I_______________( not swim) in the pool. I ____________(rest) on the grass.
7. His sister __________________(write) a test.
8. I _______________(make) breakfast in the kitchen. Would you like something special to eat?
9. ___________he _____________(speak) English at the moment? I

don't understand what he saying.

10. She _____________(wait) at the doctor's clinic.
11. ___________he ______________(play) the piano at the moment?
12. __________you ____________(go) inside the house?
13. Look! They________________(smile) at us!
14. My dog _____________(run) to the garden.
15. She_______________(not dance) now. She ______________(study).
16.

PRESENT SIMPLE o PRESENT CONTINUOUS?

Il Simple Present si usa in tre principali tipi di azioni:

 ABITUDINI = azioni che avvengono o non avvengono regolarmente

o insieme ad avverbi di frequenza come always, sometimes, never, ecc
o per esprimere routine
 STATI = cose che non cambiano spesso
o verità scientifiche
o opinioni
o condizioni fisiche o mentali
 FUTURO = azioni future riferite a mezzi di trasporto o a eventi con orari prestabiliti.

Alcuni esempi aiuteranno a rendere più chiaro il concetto

Tipo di Azione Esempio Spiegazione

ABITUDINE Mike goes to class every day every day indica un'abitudine
ABITUDINE It rains a lot in Milan significa che piove spesso
ABITUDINE Sheila always talks about you always indica un'abitudine
ciò implica che Bob trascorre il Natale con noi
ABITUDINE Bob spends Christmas with us ogni anno
questo è uno stato perché non cambia
STATO George lives in Florida
di solito il colore degl'occhi di
STATO Mary has green eyes qualcuno non cambia
quando ci piace qualcosa, di solito ci piace
STATO Martin likes chocolate sempre
opinioni e credi sono stati della mente che non
STATO Ann believes in God cambiano spesso
c'è un orario di partenza riferito al
FUTURO The train leaves at 10.00
mezzo di trasporto train

USO del PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Il Present Continuous si usa per tre tipi principali di azioni:

 AZIONE TEMPORANEA = qualcosa che avviene proprio adesso o in limitato periodo di tempo, ma che si
fermerà in futuro, accompagnato da avverbi di tempo come now, at the moment, at present, just now,
today, these days, this week, this year.
 ROGETTO DEFINITO PER IL FUTURO = qualcosa di già programmato, di solito in un
futuro vicino, accompagnato da avverbi di tempo come tomorrow, next week, next year, in 2 weeks

 DISAPPROVAZIONE o IRRITAZIONE = per esprimere un giudizio negativo accompagnato

sempre dall'avverbio always

Il Present Continuous non si usa con verbi che esprimono:

 POSSESSO = to have (got), to own

 ATTIVITA' DELLA MENTE = to know, to remember, to understand
 VOLONTA' = to hate, to love, to like, to want, to wish
 PERCEZIONE INVOLONTARIA* = to hear, to see, to smell, to taste
*In questo caso si una il verbo can per indicare che la percezione sta avvenendo in questo momento
Es: Can you hear me? = Mi stai sentendo? Ecco alcuni
esempi

Tipo di Azione Esempio Spiegazione

AZIONE TEMPORANEA
AZIONE TEMPORANEA
AZIONE TEMPORANEA
John is winning the game
It's raining outside
She's working in the library
John sta vincendo ora, ma la partita
non è ancora finita
Sta piovendo ora, ma presto potrebbe
smettere
Lei ci sta lavorando proprio adesso

Bob sta trascorrendo Natale con i

AZIONE TEMPORANEA Bob is spending Christmas with his suoi ora, quest'anno, ma forse non
parents l'anno prossimo
PROGETTO DEFINITO I'm playing football L'azione è già stata
PER IL FUTURO tomorrow programmata
PROGETTO DEFINITO He's leaving for Paris Probabilmente ha già
PER IL FUTURO tomorrow comprato i biglietti
PROGETTO DEFINITO The Olympics are taking place
PER IL FUTURO here next year E' già programmato

PROGETTO DEFINITO
PER IL FUTURO I'm having a party next week E' stato tutto organizzato

She is always complaining with her Non è apprezzabile che ci si lamenti

DISAPPROVAZIONE friends. sempre
L'irritazione nasce dal fatto di
IRRITAZIONE He is always scolding me! essere sempre rimproverati

Esercizi
Fill in the missing verbs in the brackets, using present progressive/present simple:
1. ________you ___________(like) apples?
2. Sara _______________(plan) to go on a trip next month with her family.
3. I _______________(not want) to eat right now. I am full.
4. Dana ____________(do) her homework every afternoon.
5. It is cold outside. We ______________(wear) our new coats.
6. ___________Gadi ___________(ride) his horse on Saturday's?
7. _________they ___________(know) the rules of the game? Yes, they _____(do).
8. Mother always_____________(say) it is important to study and do your homework.
9. He ___________(sit) next to Jonathan right now.
10. Yael __________(bake) bread in the kitchen at the moment.
11. ________ Danny's friends ______________(go) to play football now?

No, they ___________( not be ). They ___________(go) to school.

12. Listen! The baby ______________(cry). Its tummy hurts.
13. My brother usually_____________(allow) me to ___________(play) with his toys.
14. Who ________(be) the boy ____________(stand) next to you? Is he your friend Natan?
15. The bus ___________(drive) the pupils to school every morning.
 -Practice- present simple-progressive

1. Jane …………………… to music now. a. is/do b. does/ do

a. listens b. listening c. is/ doing d. do/doing
c. listen d. is listening
10. We go to seaside …………………………..
2. I …………………. like chocolate. a. at the weekend b.now
a. doesn’t b. isn’t c. at the moment d.right now
c. don’t d. am not
11. Listen! The baby ………………………..
3. …………….. Cem like animals? a. is crying b.cries
a.do b. does c. are crying d.cry
c.am d. is
12. Where is Mum?
4. Are you …………….a hamburger? a. She is cooking in the kitchen.
a.eating b.eat b. She watches TV in the living room.
c.eats d. eating not c. She cooks for us every day.
d. She cleans the house on Mondays.
5. ………….. they playing hide-and-seek?
a.Do b.are 13.Bilge is sleeping in her room ……………
c.is d.am a. at the moment b.at night
c. in the morning d. every day
6. I …………………………… TV at the moment.
a. are watching b.is watching 14.Find the different one.
c.watch d.am watching a. now b. every day
b. at the weekend d. on Mondays
7. Do you brush your teeth every day?
a. Yes, I do b. Yes, I am 15. Look! Jane …………………. eating her fish.
c. Yes, you do d. Yes, you are
a. doesn’t b. isn’t
8.What …………… Jesus ……………… at the c. don’t d. aren’t
moment?

1 Underline the correct verb form

1 Oh, no! We can’t play tennis. It rains / is raining.

2 It rains / is raining a lot in April.
3 I read / am reading a very good book.
4 I read / am reading in bed every night.
5 She’s a doctor. She works / is working in St Mary’s Hospital.
6 She works / is working very hard because she has a maths test tomorrow.
7 Vegetarians don’t eat / aren’t eating meat.
8 Look! That man eats / is eating a big ice-cream!

2 Complete the sentences with the right verb forms.

1 Jack’s a vegetarian. He ………………………………………… (not eat) meat.

2 I can’t go to the cinema because I …………….............................. (write) my homework .
3 Judy is a teacher. She …………………………………… (teach) young children.
4 Tim is very happy. He …………………………………. (play) with his new dog.
5 Mr House is a doctor. He ………………………. (work) in a new hospital in London.
6 My English teacher ……………………….. (speak) English very well.
7 Sshh! The baby ……………………………… (sleep).
8 Sheila likes history very much. She ……………………………….. (learn) a lot.
3 Complete the sentences with the right verb forms.

have start teach drink read eat listen

This is Mary Queen.She is a teacher and she ………………….

children in primary school.
It’s 7.40 on Tuesday morning. She is in her kitchen and she
……………………… breakfast.
She usually ……………………… a cup of coffee and
……………………… a toast for breakfast.
Now she ………………………. the newspaper and she
………………………………. to the news on the radio. She usually
………………………… work at 9.15.
 AVVERBI DI FREQUENZA

Gli avverbi di frequenza si usano per indicare la frequenza con cui avviene un'azione.

La loro posizione all'interno della frase è di solito immediatamente prima della voce del verbo, ad eccezione del verbo
essere (to be), dei verbi modali (can, may, will, shall, must) e degli ausiliari (do, does, did, have, has)

AVVERBI di
FREQUENZA Traduzione Esempio

never* non .... mai She never watches tv = Non guarda mai la tv
rarely They are rarely at home on Saturdays =
seldom raramente Raramente sono a casa il sabato
ever
(interrogative/ mai (qualche volta) Do you ever go the theatre? = Vai mai a teatro?
interrogative-
negative) Don't you ever smoke? = Non fumi mai?

I sometimes play tennis = Talvolta gioco a tennis

sometimes talvolta

We don't generally travel by car = Generalmente non viaggiamo

generally generalmente in auto
Matt doesn't often get up early = Matt spesso non si alza
often spesso presto
I can usually study for three hours a day = Di solito riesco a
usually di solito studiare tre ore al giorno
Rob has always got a smartphone with him =
always sempre Rob ha sempre uno smartphone con sé

*never rende la frase negativa e non ha bisogno dell'ausiliare.

Altre espressioni di frequenza posizionate ad inizio o alla fine della frase sono:

 each time = ogni volta che

 every day/five minutes = ogni giorno/5 minuti
 once a day (a week/a month/a year...) = una volta al giorno (alla settimana, al mese, all'anno...)
 twice a day (a week/a month/a year...) = due volte al giorno (alla settimana, al mese, all'anno...)
 3/4... times a day (a week/a month/a year...) = tre/quattro... volte al giorno (alla settimana, al mese,
all'anno...)

Esempi:
Every day she visits her grandparents = Ogni giorno va a trovare i suoi nonni

I go the the stadium once a week = Vado allo stadio una volta alla settimana Each time I see him, I get

nervous = Ogni volta che lo vedo, divento nervoso

1. Look and translate the words into your language:
ALWAYS _______________________
USUALLY _______________________
OFTEN _______________________
SOMETIMES _______________________
NEVER _______________________

2. Complete the sentences. Use some of the words in the box if you need help:
1. I always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. I usually _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. I often _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. I sometimes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. I never _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Brush my teeth walk to school read a book send e-mails play

3. Write the words in the with my friends talk in class eat vegetables
right order: do my English homework get up late drink coffee

1. in winter/he/ goes swimming/ never/_ _ _ _ _ _eat _ _chocolate

__________________________
2. on the phone/ my mum / to grandma/ always / talks
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. apples/sometimes /my friend/ eats/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. eat / meat or fish/ never / giraffes/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. home / by bus/ often/ go/ they/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6. skirts/ never/ wears / my teacher/ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. for his tests/ usually/ studies / my brother/_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. Insert the frequency adverbs given in brackets into the sentences:

1. I’m late for school. (sometimes) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. My mum is busy at the weekends. (always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. I’m hungry at half past one. (never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4. He is kind to his friends.(always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5. My teacher is unhappy.(never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6. It’s hot in my country in August.(always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7. My dad is tired. (often) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8. Ice is cold. (always) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9. Giraffes are short. (never) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10. It’s cold in winter. (often) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. Write answers to the questions. Use an adverb:

1. Shout _____________________________________

2. Go to see a doctor _____________________________________

3. Forget to do your homework_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. Go to another country _____________________________________

5. Speak English _____________________________________

6. Have a nice dream _____________________________________

7. Tell the truth _____________________________________

8. Use a mobile phone _____________________________________

9. Read a book _____________________________________

10. Buy sweets _____________________________________

I always read lots

of books so, I’m
always busy.
Bye!!
Read the email and answer the questions.
To: Ellie Crest
Subject: Surfing Holiday
Hi Ellie,
I’m so pleased you can come surfing in August! Paul, Rose and Kevin are coming too, so there will be five of us.  We’ve
decided to return to New Sands, because the surf board hire is so cheap there.  
I’m starting to think about accommodation. We won’t camp again after last year! I hated staying in a tent in all that rain! 
Kevin wants to hire a caravan. There are some nice ones with 3 bedrooms, showers and cooking facilities. The problem is,
none of the caravan parks take short bookings in the summer. The minimum stay is a week. It’s a shame because there are
several nice parks near the beach.
There’s a youth hostel in New Sands. It’s the cheapest option after camping, and there’s a big kitchen and dining room where
we can cook. The problem is, accommodation is in dormitories and I don’t really want to sleep with strangers.  
There are a few guest houses in New Sands. Some have triple rooms, so we’d only need to book two rooms. They’re not
expensive, but we wouldn’t be able to cook there. We’d have to eat out at restaurants, or eat sandwiches for every meal!  We’ll
have to book soon if we choose that option, because many guest houses are already full. The hotels in New Sands are far too
expensive, even though I’d love to stay at the Sunrise Pavilion with its rooftop pool!
The final option is to rent a cottage. Few cottages offer mid-week breaks in summer, but I found one. It has three bedrooms - a
double, a single and a twin, so two of us would have to share a bed!  There’s a big kitchen diner with a microwave, washing
machine and dishwasher. The living room has a TV and DVD player. There’s just one bathroom, but there’s a separate WC. 
There’s a nice garden too. The problem is, it’s 5 miles from the beach, so we’d have to hire a car, because there aren’t any
buses. 
Let me know which option you prefer. 
Cheers
Natalie

1  Last year the friends stayed in a…

 caravan  
 tent  
 youth hostel  

2  Last year the friends had problems with…

 the weather.  
 the transport.  
 their surf boards.  

3  The friends want to stay in New Sands for…

 a week.  
 a week and a half.  
 less than one week.  

4  The problem with the caravan park is that…

 caravans are only available for full weeks.   

 there are not have enough beds for everyone.  
 all the caravans are fully booked.  
5  Natalie doesn’t want to stay in the youth hostel because…

 it is too expensive.  

 she doesn’t want to share with people she doesn’t know.  
 it does not have any self-catering facilities.  

6  The guest house …

 is too expensive.  

 does not have self-catering facilities.   
 does not have a restaurant.  

7  The Sunrise Pavilion…

 is too expensive.  

 does not have a swimming pool.  
 is fully booked.  

8  Natalie chose this cottage because…

 it is cheaper than the other cottages.  

 everyone can sleep in a different room.  
 it allows people to stay for less than a week.  

9  In the cottage,…

 the dining area and living area are in the same room.  
 the shower and toilet are in the same room.  
 the cooking area and dining area are in the same room.  

10  The problem with the cottage is…

 its size.  
 its location.  
 its price.  

The Alien Story

Put the story into the correct order.

1
2
Other people who prefer to believe in a scientific explanation
Suddenly, a strange light seemed to be on top of the car,
have suggested that electrical forces in the atmosphere caused
sucking it up off the road before dropping it down again.
this and other incidents.

3
4
Meanwhile, a local lorry driver following the same route as Mrs.
In a state of shock, they drove to the nearest town and
Knowles confirmed that he has also seen the strange light in
reported the incident to the police.
the distance.

5 6

Thinking that the woman must have been so tired that she was Finally, the police agreed to inspect the car and when they

dreaming, the police gave her a cup of tea hoping to calm her did, they saw the dust, smelt the smell and also noticed

down. some small dents in the roof of the car.

7 8

Feeling terrified and out of control, the family noticed a black This story was quickly taken up by some people as proof

powder seeping inside their car and smelt a horrible stench. of the presence of aliens on earth.

9 10

When she saw a light flashing on the road ahead, she slowed Mrs. Knowles and her three sons were driving from Perth

down thinking that it was a traffic signal to Adelaide in the early hours one morning in 1988.

1.      2.      3.      4.      5.      6.      7.      8.      9.      10.

Interesting facts about England

Sherwood Forest is in Nottingham, on 100,000 acres. The 1200s were popularly thought to be the time of Robin Hood. Who
was Robin Hood? No one knows for sure whether the legend was based on a real historical character. His name became a
nickname for an outlaw. The story of Robin Hood, the most popular English folk of all the times. Everybody knows his friends
(Little John, Brother Tuck, Will Scarlet) The legendary hero and his fellows stole from the rich and gave to the poor.
Unfortunately, there is no evidence that Robin Hood really existed. Ballads and chronicles, all talk about the famous hero.
Today, the legend of Robin Hood has turned Nottinghamshire into a large tourist attraction. In the centre of Nottingham can be
found Nottingham Castle. Sherwood Forest has an excellent visitors’ centre with an attractive display and shop, in which,
according to tradition, Robin Hood and Lady Marion were married. It is one of the visitors favourite sites.

Megaliths, Stonehenge is certainly the best known prehistoric monument. It stands on the Salisbury Plain. How did stones get
there? An early mention of Stonehenge was made by Geoffrey Monmouth, who claimed that it was brought by a tribe of giants
from Africa to Ireland. Another legend claims that the stones were stolen from an Irish woman by the Devil. In fact, it is one of
the most visited monuments in England and it is a part of the World’s Heritage. The most interesting fact that these megaliths
have had a Pre-Stonehenge form, which was made of wood. People used them as a religious place in autumn time. Was it a
religious place or a place where people were watching stars and planets? Nobody knows the answer, although it has an inner
circle which is consisted of arches made by laying one stone across the tops of two others. It shows the position of the rising
sun on Midsummer’s Day.
A few years ago there was a Tropical Stonehenge which has been found and made by sophisticated indigenous people in the
Brazilian Amazon.

The Palace of Westminster is also known as the Houses of Parliament, where the two Houses of Parliament of the United
Kingdom (the House of Lords and the House of Commons) conduct their sittings. It is the place where laws governing British
life are debated and passed. From the middle of 11th century until 1512, the Palace of Westminster was the royal home to the
Kings and Queens of England, hence the name. The building contains the bell-Big Ben that struck each quarter of an hour. Big
Ben is the bell in the clock tower of the British Parliament. A light in the clock tower tells when the House of Commons is in
session. The clock tower is situated on the bank of the River Thames. The whole tower is known as St. Stephen’s Tower, with
its 13 ton bell.

The first St. Paul’s Cathedral was built in 604 AD but burnt down in 675 and the rebuilt cathedral was again burnt down in
the Great Fire of London in 1666. The present cathedral was built by Christopher Wren. Its first dome is the second biggest
dome in the world.

Buckingham Palace is a popular landmark. It is the home of the British Royal family since 1837. The palace with 600 rooms
is surrounded by a 40 acre garden. Today it is also an office and used for the monarch’s administrative work. Originally, it was
a grand house built by the Duke of Buckingham for his wife. George IV began transforming it into a palace in 1826. The
Queen’s other homes are Windsor Castle and Balmoral in Scotland. A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the changing of
the Guard ceremony that takes place in the forecourt each morning. It has been guarded by the Household Troops since 1660.
Windsor Castle is not far from London. It is an official residence of the Queen and the largest castle in the world. It gave the
Royal family’s surname.
Stratford-upon-Avon was Shakespeare’s birthplace. He is one of the most famous poets and writers. The ’Swan of Avon’
wrote several plays, sonnets and most of his works were performed in the famous Globe Theatre in London. It was built in
1599 on the bank of the river Thames and it was a round building with a stage in the centre open to the sky. Shakespeare died
and is buried in the Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, but his bust can be found in the Poets’ Corner of Westminster Abbey.

Answer the questions.

1.Who was Robin Hood?______________________________________

_________________________________________________________.

2.Where can you find the Stonehenge?__________________________.

3.What is the whole tower’s name in the Palace of Westminster?

_________________________________________________________.

4.Who is the ’Swan of Avon’?__________________________________

5.Where does the QUEEN live?(2)
________________________and______________________________.
6. What did C. Wren do? ____________________________________.

Is it true or false? T/F

Shakespeare was born in Nottingham. __________

ST.Paul’s Cathedral was rebuilt. __________
Buckingham Palace was built by George IV. ________
There are different legends that are connected to the Stonehenge._______
The changing of the Guard is a familiar sight at the Buckingham Palace.
 PREPOSIZIONI DI BASE
Nelle seguenti tabelle viene mostrato come usare le preposizioni on, in, e at in contesti diversi.

1. TRASPORTO

Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio

I went to Oxford in my car. = Sono andato a Oxford in
in car, truck auto.
I went downtown on the bus. = Sono andato in
on bus, train, ship, plane, centro città con l'autobus.
bicycle, foot, horseback We travelled to Cambridge on the train. =
Siamo andati a Cambridge in treno.

2. TEMPO

Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio

She arrived in February. = E' arrivata a febbraio.
Mesi, Anni I was born in 1978. = Sono nato nel 1978. I'll be home in
in Periodi di tempo three days. = Sarò a casa tra tre giorni.

Giorni della settimana The party will be on Thursday. = La festa sarà Giovedì.
on

I'll call you at 7.30. = Ti chiamo alle 7.30

Orari del giorno, Età, I left my hometown at 25. = Ho lasciato la mia città natale a
at Weekend 25 anni.
He left at the weekend. = E' partito nel fine settimana.

3. COMUNICAZIONI

Preposizione Sostantivo Esempio

I spoke to him on the phone yesterday. =
phone Gli ho parlato al telefono ieri.
I watched a nice programme on tv yesterday
TV/television evening. = Ho visto un bel programma in tv ieri
on sera.
radio Have you heard the news on the radio? =
Hai sentito la notizia alla radio?
Internet I surf on the Internet every day. = Navigo in Internet ogni
giorno.
 ALTRE PREPOSIZIONI

Preposizioni di TEMPO Esempio

by (entro, per) I'll be back by 10. = Sarò di ritorno per le 10.
since (da) - momento preciso I have lived in London since 2001. = Vivo a Londra dal 2001.

I have been waiting for her for two hours! = La aspetto da due ore!
for (da) - lasso di tempo

from .. to (da .. a) Lessons are from 9 to 12. = Le lezioni sono dalle 9 alle 12.
You can park your car here until 5. = Puoi parcheggiare l'auto fino alle 5.
till - until (fino a)

Preposizioni Uso Esempio

about (circa, di, Tell me about your trip. = Raccontami del tuo viaggio.
riguardo) complemento d'argomento

I go to work by bus. = Vado al lavoro in autobus.

by (con / da) complemento di mezzo "Imagine" was written by John Lennon. =
complemento d'agente "Imagine" è stata scritta da John Lennon.

complemento di
from (da) provenienza Where are you from? = Da dove vieni?

complemento di This is the picture of our new house. =

of (di) specificazione Questa è la foto della nostra nuova casa.
I'm going out with my friends. = Esco con gli amici.
with (con) complemento di compagnia

ESPRESSIONI SENZA LE PREPOSIZIONI

Non usiamo le preposizioni con parole e locuzioni come:

Es: this morning, this afternoon, every week, last Tuesday, next year
Con la parola home = preposizione di stato in luogo AT, ma nessuna preposizione di moto a luogo
Es: I was at home yesterday = Ieri sono stato a casa.
She went home after the party = E’ andata a casa dopo la festa

Read the following sentences and say if the prepositions are correctly used; if they’re not, correct them:

Prepositions of time:

1. What is he doing on the moment? ……………………

2. I usually visit my grandparents in Christmas. ……………………
3. I am going to meet my friends at lunchtime. ……………………
4. We go to the beach at summer. ……………………
5. Joe had a big party in his birthday. ……………………
6. Shakespeare lived on the 16th century; he was born in 1564. ……………………
7. Did the mammoths live on the Ice Age? ……………………
8. I’ll be there in twenty minutes. ……………………
9. I’ll see you in Tuesday afternoon. ……………………
10. Mark went skiing in the weekend. ……………………
11. We always eat a traditional cake at Easter day. ……………………
12. The train leaves at 6 o’clock. ……………………
13. The concert finished on midnight. ……………………
14. My mother gets up early in the morning. ……………………
15. The meeting is at Thursday on 3 p.m. ……………………
16. The fireworks on New Year’s Eve were breathtaking. ……………………
 17. I think we’ll go to Mars on the future. ……………………
18. Christmas is celebrated at 25th of December. ……………………
19. He likes to read a story on bedtime. ……………………
20. They always play basketball on Saturdays. ……………………

Prepositions of place:

1. In the left, you can see “Sagrada Familia”. ……………………

2. Please call later, Mary’s not in home now. ……………………
3. Jake is ill. He’s in hospital. ……………………
4. My father is a doctor; he works in the local hospital. ……………………
5. Where is your sister? She’s in school. ……………………
6. There is a big picture in the wall. ……………………
7. My husband is mowing the lawn in the garden. ……………………
8. The children are playing on the street. ……………………
9. There’s an interesting documentary at TV. ……………………
10. Look! There is a bee in the cake! ……………………
11. We spent the summer in Spain. ……………………
12. She can’t find New York in the map. ……………………
13. I think there’s someone on the door. ……………………
14. You can buy tickets in the bus. ……………………
15. Sign you name at the bottom of the page. ……………………
16. My boss is not at the office today. ……………………
17. The baby spilled the food in the floor. ……………………
18. There is a stain in my blouse. ……………………
19. There is a hole in my blouse. ……………………
20. He lives in the 3rd floor on 27 Muntaner Street at Barcelona. ……………………

TIPI DI PREPOSIZIONI DI LUOGO

Le preposizioni di luogo sono usate quando si descrive il luogo di un oggetto (persona, animale o cosa) relativo ad
un altro oggetto.

Le preposizioni di luogo si possono dividere tra quelle di STATO IN LUOGO e quelle di

MOTO A/DA LUOGO.

PREPOSIZIONI DI STATO IN LUOGO

Tra le più importanti preposizioni di stato in luogo ci sono AT e IN:

Uso Esempio
George is at the door. = George è alla porta.
con riferimento ad un luogo preciso

con gli indirizzi completi di numero civico George lives at 35, King's Road. = George vive al 35 di
AT King's Road.
con riferimento alla funzione specifica di un
luogo e non allo spazio George is at school. = George è a scuola.

at the sea, at home, at the weekend, at a party = al

in alcune espressioni mare, a/in casa, nel fine settimana, ad una festa

con riferimento ad un luogo chiuso o circoscritto George is in the kitchen. = George è in cucina.
 con gli indirizzi (vie, piazze) senza numero
civico
IN
con città, regioni, nazioni, continenti, catene
montuose, arcipelaghi e grandi isole
George lives in King's Road. = George vive in King's
Road.
George lives in London in England. =
George vive a Londra in Inghilterra.

Questa tabella illustra altre importanti e comuni preposizioni di stato in luogo:

Preposizioni Esempio
on
(su/sopra, con contatto) The book is on the desk. = Il libro è sulla scrivania.

over
(più di/su/sopra/al di sopra, senza The plane is flying over the city. = L'aereo sta sorvolando la città.
contatto)

above*
(sopra/al di sopra/più in alto There is a spider hanging above your head! = C'è un ragno che pende
di) sulla tua testa!

under
(sotto) The cat is under the sofa. = Il gatto è sotto il divano.

around There aren't any chairs around the table. = Non ci sono
(intorno a) sedie attorno al tavolo.
near
(vicino/vicino a) The chair is near the table. = La sedia è vicina al tavolo.

next to, beside, by
(affianco/accanto a)
behind
(dietro a/di)
in front of
(davanti a/di fronte a)
opposite (dirimpetto/faccia
a faccia/dall'altra parte)
The supermarket is next to the bank. = Il supermercato è accanto alla
banca.
The car park is behind the school. = Il posteggio auto si trova dietro la
scuola.
The school is in front of the car park. = La scuola si trova davanti al
posteggio auto.
The newsagent's is opposite the baker's. = L'edicola è dirimpetto il
fornaio.

across The butcher's is just across the road. = Il macellaio è proprio dall'altra
(dall'altra parte di) parte della strada.
in the middle of The carpet is in the middle of the room. = Il tappeto è al centro della
(nel centro di/nel mezzo di) stanza.
The church is between the underground station and the hospital.= La
between chiesa è tra la stazione della metro e l'ospedale.
(tra/fra 2)

among My jacket is among those ones. = La mia giacca è tra quelle.

(tra/fra molti-più di 2)

*above si usa, a differenza di over, anche quando una cosa non è direttamente sopra un'altra, sopra lo stesso asse
verticale

Es: Their house is above the lake. = La loro casa si trova in alto sul lago.

Inoltre above si usa in espressioni riguardanti le temperature, l'altezza sul livello del mare, e con average (above
 average = al di sopra della media)

Es: Today's temperature is above zero. = La temperatura di oggi è sopra lo zero

2. Choose the correct preposition:

1. The book __ the table.
a) on b) under c) at
2. Sam is __ of Ann.
a) at b) in front c) behind
3. The cat is __ the chair.
a) in b) over c) under
4. Tim is __ his friends.
a) in b) on c) among
5. Liz is __ the window.
a) at b) above c) over
6. The blackboard is __ the wall.
a) at b) on c) under
7. Tom is __ Ann and Liz.
a) at b) between c) over
8. The lamp is __ of the table
a) in b) under c) in the middle

3.Fill in the correct preposition of place:

1. My mother’s portrait is ___ the fireplace.
2. The bookstore is ___ the hospital.
3. Tim has put his CDs ___ the table.
4. The cat was sleeping ___ the sofa.
5. A big lamp is hanging ___ the table.
6. Bob is writing ___ the copy book..
7. Nick is ___ the best students of our school.
8. ___ the left you can see a monument.
9. Sam’s phone is ___ of the table.
10. Rex is ___ the table. Don’t touch him.
11. Ben is ___ me.
12. The vase is right ___ of the table.
13. Who is that boy sitting ___ Ann and Liz?
14. A lot of stars are ____ us.

5. Read the story and fill in the correct prepositions of place:

My Room
Come in! This is my room. It is very comfortable.___ the left you can see my sofa. It is green and soft. I like to sleep ___ it.
____ to the sofa is my table. I prepare my lessons here. There are a lot of useful things ___ it. All my books are ___ the table.
My copy books are ___ the left. The lamp is ___ the right. Opposite the table is my bookcase with lots of books ___ it. I like
to read them. ___ to the bookcase is the computer table where I spend a lot of time. All the CDs are ___ a special box. Look
___ the wall ____ the computer table. There are a lot of beautiful posters. I like my room.
 House & House and forniture
1. Label the pictures with the correct names. Then match the names of the objects and
furniture:

HOUSE & ROOMS

 Living room
 House
 Bathroom
 Hall
 Bedroom
 Kitchen
OBJECTS &
FURNITURE
A. Sink
B. Toilet
C. Picture
D. Roof
E. Door
F. Pillow
G. Poster
H. Garden
I. Mirror
J. Bath
K. Cooker
L. Hanger
M. Sofa
N. Fridge
O. Steps
P. Lamp
Q. Curtains
R. Cupboard
S. Chimney
T. Towel
U. Wardrobe
5. Look at the pictures of the rooms V. in exercises
Washbasin 2 to 4. Check if the sentences are
True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.
W. Umbrella stand
1. There are two pictures on the wall in X.
theRug
living room.
2. There is a TV in front of one of the sofas.
3. There is a rug in the kitchen.
4. There is a bin in front of the fridge.
5. There is a lamp next to the bed.
4. Look at the picture and complete with is/are and a
6. There are four posters on the wall over the bed.
place preposition: IN FRONT OF, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN, NEXT
TO, OVER.
1. There _____ a guitar _____ the wardrobe and the night
table.
2. There _____ two tennis balls _____ the floor.
3. There _____ a rug _____the guitar.
2. Look at the picture and complete with there is/isn’t or there are/aren’t:
1. ____________ a TV in the living room.
2. ____________ a picture on the wall.
3. ____________ two sofas in the room.
4. ____________ three chairs and a table.
5. ____________ a rug under the sofas.
6. ____________ a stereo set under the window.

3. Look at the picture and complete with is/isn’t, are/aren’t, a/an, some or any:
1. There _____ _____ cooker next to the fridge.
2. There _____ _____ plates in the sink.
3. There _____ _____ glasses on the table.
4. There _____ _____ clock over the fridge.
5. There _____ _____ boxes on the floor.

4. Look at the picture and complete with is/are and a place preposition: IN FRONT OF, ON, UNDER, BETWEEN,
NEXT TO, OVER.
1. There _____ a guitar _____ the wardrobe and the night table.
2. There _____ two tennis balls _____ the floor.
3. There _____ a rug _____the guitar.
4. There _____ a toy car _____ the magazine.
5. There _____ two posters _____ the wall _____ the bed.
6. There _____ a tennis racket ________ the bed.

5. Look at the pictures of the rooms in exercises 2 to 4. Check if the sentences are True (T) or False (F). Correct the false ones.
1. There are two pictures on the wall in the living room.
2. There is a TV in front of one of the sofas.
3. There is a rug in the kitchen.
4. There is a bin in front of the fridge.
5. There is a lamp next to the bed.
6. There are four posters on the wall over the bed.
 Match words and pictures

chopping board 1 2
3 4
chopsticks

cleaver

colander
5 6 7 8
cupboard

glass

grater

knife
9
10 11 12
ladle

mug

pan
13
plate 14 15
pot

rolling pin

saucepan
18
16 17
shelves

spatula

whisk

What are these?

2 3
1. ................................. 4. .................................

1 2. ................................. 5. .................................

6
5 3. ................................. 6. .................................

4
Read the text and answer the questions.
Northacre Council Department of Education

Sixteen - What now?

You’re 16 and finally you can leave school!  By now, you’re probably sick of teachers, desks, tests and exams.  But don’t just
run for the exit. You need to think carefully about what to do next.
If you want a professional career, you will need to go to university and get a degree. To do that, you need to stay at high school
for another two years.  But you needn’t stay at the same place. There are several options in the district of Northacre.
St. Leopold’s School has the best pass rate of all the high schools in the district. It offers a wide range of subjects in the
humanities and sciences.  St Leopold’s is, of course, a private school, so may be too expensive for you. But don’t worry, there
are several other options if you want to follow the academic route.  Knowle Grammar School is a state school, so there are no
fees, and it has excellent tuition and facilities. It is a boys’ school from the ages of 11-16, but from 16-18 it is co-educational.
But it is selective, so you’ll have to pass an exam to get in.  If you’re interested in going into Business, check out Wyle River
Academy.  This school specialises in subjects like Business Studies, Management and Economics.  If you prefer the arts, look
at the courses on offer at Northacre College.  Here you can study woodwork, art, textiles and much more.
Northacre College also offers a wide range of vocational qualifications.  You can do a 1-year certificate or a 2-year diploma in
subjects like electrics, plumbing, roofing and hairdressing.  If you’d prefer to work outdoors, look at Milldown College, where
there are courses in Farm Mechanics, Land Management, Animal Management and much more.
A final option is to get an apprenticeship with a local or national company.  You will get on-the-job training, gain certificates
or diplomas and start earning straight away.  But be warned - places are limited!  Find out more at the Jobs Fair on 26th May at
Northacre College.
1  The aim of the article is to…

 advise young people about how to get to university.  

 tell young people about the options available.  
 advise young people to stay in education.  

2  The article advises reader who want a professional career to…

 go to university immediately.  
 stay at the same school for two more years.  
 go to high school for two more years, then get a degree.  

3  St Leopold’s is the best school for…

 good exam results.  
 humanities and sciences.  
 facilities.  

4  You can only attend St Leopold’s school if you…

 pay tuition fees.  
 pass an exam.  
 study both humanities and sciences.  

5  You can only attend Knowle Grammar School if you…

 pass an exam.  
 are a boy.  
 can afford the tuition fees.  
6  Anna wants to work with horses. Where is the best place for her to study?

 Wyle River Academy  

 Northacre College  
 Milldown College  

7  Harry wants to be a builder. Where is the best place for him to study?
 Wyle River Academy  
 Northacre College  
 Milldown College  

8  Kevin wants to be a fashion designer. Where is the best place for him to study?

 Wyle River Academy  

 Northacre College  
 Milldown College  

9  Caroline wants to run her own company. Where is the best place for him to study?

 Wyle River Academy   

 Northacre College  
 Milldown College  

10  What is the problem with apprenticeships?

 There are few available.  

 They are expensive.  
 They don’t give you any qualifications.  

PAST SIMPLE
 Il Simple Past Tense può essere tradotto in italiano con l'imperfetto, il passato prossimo e il passato
remoto dell'indicativo, o con l'imperfetto del congiuntivo

La sua forma è la stessa con tutti i soggetti: per i verbi regolari si aggiunge -ed alla forma base.

Ad esempio:
 fill - filled
 boil - boiled
 work - worked
 play - played

Fanno eccezione pochi verbi che cambiano un po' la parte finale. Nella

seguente tabella sono elencate le variazioni

COME COSTRUIRE IL SIMPLE

VERBI PAST ESEMPIO

aggiungere -d alla forma base del verbo live - lived date - dated
che terminano in e

che terminano in consonante cambiare y in i, poi aggiungere -ed try - tried cry - cried
+y
che terminano con stop - stopped unzip - unzipped
1 vocale accentata + 1 raddoppiare la consonante, poi aggiungere prefer - preferred
consonante -ed transmit - transmitted
(ma non w o y)

che tterminano con 1 vocale + l raddoppiare la l, poi aggiungere -ed travel - travelled label - labelled

Altri verbi irregolari si dividono in 3 principali categorie

Categoria Esempi
cost - cost cut - cut hit - hit fit - fit

verbi che non cambiano

come - came drink - drank get - got
sit - sat
verbi che cambiano la loro vocale
bring - brought catch - caught go -
went
verbi che cambiano completamente
take - took

Nella tabella che segue sono elencati i paradigmi dei principali verbi irregolari inglesi. La tabella è composta
da 4 colonne:
 nella prima colonna è presente l'Infinitive (Infinito) del verbo, composto dalla
forma base preceduta dal to

 nella seconda colonna è elencato il paradigma del Simple Past

 nella terza colonna quello del Past Participle (Participo Passato) che viene usato per i tempi composti e per la
formazione della voce passiva

 nella quarta colonna la traduzione in italiano del verbo.

Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle Italiano
to arise arose arisen sorgere

to be (am, is, are) was, were been essere

to bear bore borne portare/sopportare
to beat beat beaten battere
to become became become diventare
to begin began begun incominciare
to bend bent bent piegare/piegarsi
to bet bet bet scommettere
to bite bit bitten mordere
to bleed bled bled sanguinare
to blow blew blown soffiare
to break broke broken rompere/rompersi
to breed bred bred allevare/generare
to bring brought brought portare
to build built built costruire
to burn burned, burnt burned, burnt bruciare
to buy bought bought comprare

to cast cast cast gettare

to catch caught caught prendere/acchiappare
to choose chose chosen scegliere
to come came come venire
to cost cost cost costare
to creep crept crept strisciare
to cut cut cut tagliare

to deal dealt dealt trattare

to dig dug dug scavare
to dive dived, dove dived tuffarsi
to do did done fare
to draw drew drawn disegnare
to dream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt sognare
to drink drank drunk bere
to drive drove driven guidare (auto)

to eat ate eaten mangiare

to fall fell fallen cadere

to feed fed fed nutrire
to feel felt felt sentire/sentirsi
to fight fought fought combattere
to find found found trovare
to flee fled fled fuggire
to fly flew flown volare
to forbid forbade forbidden proibire
to forget forgot forgotten, forgot dimenticare
to forgive forgave forgiven perdonare
to freeze froze frozen gelare

to get got gotten, got ottenere/diventare

to give gave given dare
to go went gone andare
to grind ground ground tritare
to grow grew grown crescere/coltivare

to hang hung hung appendere

to have had had avere
to hear heard heard udire
to hide hid hidden nascondere
to hold held held tenere/trattenere
to hurt hurt hurt ferire

to keep kept kept tenere/conservare

to kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled inginocchiarsi
to know knew known conoscere/sapere

to lay laid laid deporre/posare

to lead led led condurre/guidare
to learn learnt, learned learnt, learned imparare
to leave left left partire
to lend lent lent prestare
to let let let lasciare/permettere
to lie lay lain giacere/trovarsi
to light lighted, lit lighted, lit accendere
to lose lost lost perdere
to make made made fare/costruire
to mean meant meant significare
to meet met met incontrare

to pay paid paid pagare

to put put put mettere

to quit quit quit smettere

to read read read leggere

to ride rode ridden cavalcare
to ring rang rung suonare/squillare
to rise rose risen sorgere/alzarsi
to run ran run correre

to say said said dire

to see saw seen vedere
to seek sought sought cercare
to sell sold sold vendere
to send sent sent mandare/spedire
to set set set porre
to shake shook shaken scuotere
to shed shed shed versare
to shine shone shone brillare/splendere
to shoot shot shot sparare
to show showed shown mostrare
to shrink shrank shrunk, shrunken restringersi
to shut shut shut chiudere
to sing sang sung cantare
to sink sank sunk affondare
to sit sat sat sedersi
to sleep slept slept dormire
to slide slid slid scivolare
to speak spoke spoken parlare
to spend spent spent spendere/trascorrere
to spread spread spread diffondere/stendere
to spring sprang sprung saltare
to stand stood stood stare in piedi
to steal stole stolen rubare
to stick stuck stuck attaccare/attaccarsi
to sting stung stung pungere
to stink stank stunk puzzare
to strike struck struck, striken colpire
to strive strove striven lottare
to swear swore sworn giurare
to sweep swept swept spazzare/scopare
to swim swam swum nuotare
to swing swung swung dondolare

to take took taken prendere/portare

to teach taught taught insegnare
to tear tore torn strappare
to tell told told dire/raccontare
to think thought thought pensare
to throw threw thrown gettare
to tread trod trodden calpestare

to understand understood understood comprendere

to wake woke woken svegliare/svegliarsi

to wear wore worn indossare/logorare
to win won won vincere
to wind wound wound avvolgere
to wring wrung wrung torcere
to write wrote written scrivere

SIMPLE PAST: FORME INTERROGATIVA E NEGATIVA

FORME NEGATIVA

La frase negativa del Past Simple si forma con l'ausiliare did seguito dalla forma base del verbo principale.
I didn’t work.

FORMA INTERROGATIVA
Anche le interrogative vengono formate usando l'ausiliare did. Questa volta però, l'ausiliare viene posto
davanti al soggetto.
Did I work?

FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA
Didn’t I work?

65
 Fill in the gaps with the verbs
from the box using Past
Simple Tense:
Fill in: was, wasn’t, were, 3
weren’t: .
1
.
be, break, come, hurt,
a) There ....................... any department stores here
knock, open see, strike,
twenty years ago.
walk, wake
b) ................... there a park back then? – No,
there ...........
c) What .............................. your favourite toys when
you ................................. a child? a) I ............................................ him over with one
d) There ............................ any cars here twenty blow.
years ago. b) I ................. a suspicious-looking individual in the
e) Is Julia ill? She ..................................... at school hall.
today. c) Mother ..................... absolutely furious: Doctor
f) There .................... a lot of people at the party last Smith ................. to have a look at father and
night. I ....................... his leg and ................................... his
g)Choose
Where ....................................................
the correct answer: you arm.
yesterday? d) I ............... to the door and ............................. it
2 h) I called David but he ........................................ at quietly.
. home. e) The Correct
clock ...................
mistakes: twelve when
I ....................... up.

4
.My son clean his room yesterday. ...............................
1. Jack, Kate and I ............... in this competition.
She didn’t got the
a. taked part              b. took part         c. did took part prize. ...............................................

 2. She.........in my company in 1989. I be late for the meeting

yesterday. ..............................
a. worked            b. is worked      c. workd
Did you went fishing last week? ..................................
 3. My parents...............me money for a new computer
We taken our dog for a walk some time ago. ..............
a. don't gave              b. didn't gave                c. didn't give
Put the
When verbs
I was five in brackets
I can’t driveinto
a car. .............................
 4. ................. supper yesterday evening? the correct Past Simple forms:
5Jason repairing that old fridge last
a.did you eat            b. ate you               c. did you ate .Sunday. .................

5. I..................Spanish when I ................ten a) Picasso’s

In 1890 family (move) .............. to Barcelona in
I leaved
1895.
Paris. .................................................
a. understood,  be  b. understood, was  c. understood, were b) (you/ go) ......................... to the Picasso museum
when you (be) ..................................... in Barcelona
Two months ago my father selled his old car. .............
last month?
 6. My teacher...............me a lot. c) We (eat) ............................ seafood in a great
He hased ainvery
restaurant good jobPort.
the Olympic as a
a.like                     b. didn't liked                   c. didn't like manager.  .....................
d) Mary (want) .................................... to see all the
sights so she (take) ...................... the tourist bus
 7.Yesterday we all ...............to the cinema to watch a nice around the city.
comedy e) They (buy) .......................................... a lot of
souvenirs when they (go) .......................... shopping
a. went                       b.goed                         c. did go in the Ramblas.
f) Unfortunately, James (not/ have) ........................ 66
time to visit Parc Guell when he (be) .......................
 8. As a child he...............polite, so she punished him a lot.
in Barcelona.
a. didn't be                     b. weren't                c. wasn't
places.

a. go, visit       b. goed,Class:

visited                   
___________ c. went, visited__________________________________
Name:

 10. .........she .........this beautiful dress in London?

a. does.......buy          b. did....buy              c. did.....bought

A. Write the simple past B – Write sentences about Kate’s schedule yesterday.
of the verbs:
1. be ___________ Kate’s schedule:
2. begin _________ 7:00 AM Get up 11:30 Send e-mail
3. break _________ 7:10 Take shower 12:00 Take lunch
4. bring _________ 7:20 Put on clothes 2:00 Meet boss
5. buy __________
7:30 Eat breakfast 3:00 Make marketing plan
6. catch _________
8:00 Leave for work 5:00 Go home
7. choose ________
8:00- Drive car to 6:00 Make dinner
8. cut ___________
9:00 work
9. do ___________
10. draw __________ 9:00 AM Read mail 11:00 Get ready for bed
11. drink _________ 9:30 Write report 11:30 sleep
12. drive __________
13. fall ____________ 1. At 7:00 she got up.
14. find ___________ 2. At
15. fly ____________ 7:10___________________________________
16. get ___________ ___
17. give ___________ 3. AT
18. go ____________
19. grow __________ 7:20___________________________________
20. have____________ __
21. hear ___________ 4. At
22. know __________ 7:30___________________________________
23. leave __________ ___
24. make __________ 5. At
25. meet __________
8:00___________________________________
26. pay ___________
27. read ___________ ___
28. ride ___________ 6. From 8:00-
29. run ____________ 9:00_______________________________
30. say ____________ 7. At
31. see ___________ 9:00___________________________________
32. sell ___________ C. – Write sentences or questions using simple past:
33. send __________ I/buy/book/yesterday – I bought a book yesterday.
34. sing ___________
35. speak __________ 1. /he/get up/8:00 this morning
36. take ___________ _____________________________________________
37. tell ___________ ____
38. wear__________ 2. they/leave/work / 6:00 PM/ today
39. win __________ _____________________________
40. write __________ ____________________
3. who/do/you/speak /party/last night?
D. Fill in the blanks using simple past: _____________________________________________
A: Where ______ (do) you go __
Yesterday? 4. she/wear/blue jeans/school/yesterday.
B: I ________ (go) to the park. I _____________________________________________
______ (take) my dog for a walk. ____
What ______ (do)you do last 5. Kate/go shopping/Saturday.
night? _____________________________________________
A: I ________ (take) the bus to ____
the stadium. I _______(see) the 6.who /drive/park/Sunday?
soccer game between the Lions _____________________________________________
and the Blue-wings. It ______ ____
(be)a great game. 7. do/they/grow up/Vancouver?
B: I _______(forget) about the _____________________________________________
game. Who _____ (win) the _____
game?
67

in all the boxes and blanks.

 B–
A. Write the simple 1. At 7:00 she got up.
past
of the verbs:
2. At 7:10 she took a shower.
1. Was/were 3. AT 7:20 put on her clothes.
2. began _________ 4. At 7:30 she ate breakfast.
3. broke _________ 5. At 8:00 she left for work.
4. brought _________ 6. From 8:00-9:00 she drove her car to work.
5. bought __________ 7. At 9:00 she read her mail.
6. caught _________ 8. At 9:30 she wrote a report.
7. chose ________
8. cut ___________ 9. At 11:30 she sent e-mail.
9. did ___________ 10. At 12:00 she ate lunch.
10. drew __________ 11. At 2:00 she met her boss.
11. drank _________ 12. At 3:00 she made a marketing plan.
12. drove __________ 13. At 5:00 she went home.
13. fell ____________ 14. At 6:00 she made dinner.
14. found ___________
15. At 11:00 she got ready for bed.
15. flew ____________
16. got ___________ 16. From 11:30 PM to 7:00 AM she slept.
17. gave ___________
18. went ____________
19. grew __________
20. had____________
D C. Write sentences or questions using simple past:
21. heard ___________
22. knew __________ I/buy/book/yesterday – I bought a book yesterday.
23. left __________
24. made __________
25. met __________ 1. He got up at 8:00 this morning.
26. paid ___________ 2. They left work at 6:00 PM this morning.
27. read ___________ 3. Who did you speak to at the party last night?
28. rode ___________ 4. She wore blue jeans to school yesterday.
29. ran ____________ 5. Kate went shopping on Saturday.
30. said ____________ 6. Who drove to the park on Sunday?
31. saw ___________ 7. Did they grow up in Vancouver?
32. sold ___________ 8. I put the laundry away.
33. sent __________ 9. Who cut your hair?
34. sang ___________ 10. She heard the music on the radio this morning
35. spoke __________
36. took ___________
37. told ___________
38. wore__________
39. won __________
40. wrote __________

E. - Use any in questions or negative answers.

Use some positive answers.
1. Is there __________ coffee on the table?
No, there isn’t ______ coffee but there is ______
tea.
2. Are there _____ cookies left? No, there aren’t
_____ cookies left. There is _____ cake though.
3. Is there any milk in the fridge? Yes, there is
_____ milk but there isn’t _____ cream.
4. Do you have ____ money? No, I don’t have
____ money but I do have _____ credit cards.
68
 SOSTANTIVI NUMERABILI E NON NUMERABILI

In inglese ci sono due tipi di sostantivi: sostantivi numerabili (countable nouns) e non numerabili (uncountable
nouns).
I non numerabili di solito non hanno il plurale.

Di seguito sono illustrate le differenze tra i due tipi:

TIPI DI SOSTANTIVI DIFFERENZE ESEMPI

Sono sostantivi che possono essere numerati,
cioè che hanno il plurale. Inoltre, quando un There are two books on the table.
countable nouns sostantivo numerabile è singolare viene spesso
preceduto dall'articolo indeterminativo a/an There is an elephant in my car.

Sono di solito sostantivi che non possono essere

numerati. I sostantivi non numerabili hanno la Could I have some water, please?
uncountable nouns sola forma singolare; quando non compaiono da
soli sono preceduti dalle forme some, any, no I'd like some rice with my steak.

I sostantivi numerabili sono di solito oggetti che possono essere numerati, mentre quelli non numerabili sono spesso
sostanze, come cibi e bevande, che non possono essere facilmente contate (sand "sabbia", water "acqua", bread
"pane") o sono idee astratte (come nature "natura", space "spazio" o entertainment "divertimento").

Ecco alcuni esempi:

COUNTABLE NOUNS: pen, table, car, idea, answer, class, exam, shoe

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: education, intelligence, clothing, soap, air, cheese, grass, literature

COME NUMERARE I SOSTANTIVI NON NUMERABILI

Talvolta possiamo avere il bisogno di numerare i sostantivi non numerabili per indicare una quantità. A tale scopo si
possono usare delle parole di misurazione o di conteggio come ad esempio:
a bar of chocolate = una barra di cioccolato
two loaves of bread = due pagnotte di pane
three slices of meat = tre fettine di carne
E' utile conoscere alcune delle più comuni parole di misurazione o di conteggio e
saperle usare. Eccone degli esempi
PAROLE DI MISURAZIONE SOSTANTIVI USATI
bar chocolate - soap
cube ice - sugar
of
game cards - football - tennis
glass beer - juice - water - wine
slice cake - meat
advice - information - clothing - furniture - machinery
piece

69
E' necessario conoscere la differenza tra i sostantivi numerabili e non numerabili per:
- usare gli articoli the, a/an correttamente
- usare i plurali dei sostantivi correttamente
- usare gli indefiniti much/many, little/few correttamente

MUCH (molto/a/i/e), TOO MUCH (troppo/a/i/e) e LITTLE (poco/a/chi/che) si usano con i

sostantivi non numerabili

MANY (molti) e TOO MANY (troppi) e FEW (poco/a/chi/che) si usano con i sostantivi numerabili

AGGETTIVI e PRONOMI INDEFINITI

Indefinito Uso Esempi

some qualche/del/
alcuno/un po' frasi affermative* I've got some cheese = Ho un po' di formaggio

any frasi negative e Have you got any eggs? = Hai delle uova? There aren't any
qualche/del/ interrogative** books = Non ci sono libri
alcuno

no (solo
come come aggettivo al posto There are no books = Non ci sono libri
aggettivo) di not...any
nessun

di solito frasi negative

much e interrogative con i I don't usually eat much bread = Di solito non mangio molto
molto/a/i/e sostantivi non pane
numerabili Have you got much money? = Hai molti soldi?

di solito frasi negative e Have you got many friends? = Hai molti amici?
many interrogative con i There aren't many computers at school = Non ci sono molti
molto/a/i/e sostantivi numerabili computer a scuola

di solito frasi
affermative*** sia con i We've got a lot of students this year = Abbiamo molti
a lot of lots of numerabili che con i non studenti quest'anno
molto/a/i/e numerabili (lots of è più
informale e indica una Lots of people went to London for the Olympic games = Molte
quantità maggiore) persone sono andate a Londra per i giochi olimpici

little There's little bread left = E' rimasto poco pane

poco/a con i non numerabili (condizione negativa)

70
 a little un
po' di There's still a little bread = C'è ancora un po' di pane
(sostituito anche da con i non numerabili (condizione positiva)
a bit of in modo
informale) There's still a bit of bread = C'è ancora un po' di pane
(condizione positiva)

few I have got few friends = Ho pochi amici

pochi/e con i numerabili
(condizione negativa)

a few**** I have got a few friends = Ho qualche amico

qualche/alcuni con i numerabili (condizione positiva)

Sia some che any possono essere usati con i sostantivi numerabili (come book) e non numerabili (come water).
A little e a few esprimono un'idea positiva, al contrario di little e few che esprimono un'idea negativa.

*Si usa some anche nelle frasi interrogative col significato di offerta o richiesta
Es: Would you like some coffee? = Vorresti del caffè?
Can you buy some bread? = Puoi comprare un po' di pane?

**Si usa any nelle affermative introdotte da if e nelle affermative con il significato di
QUALUNQUE, QUALSIASI
ES: If there are any funny t-shirts, please buy one for me. = Se ci sono delle magliette simpatiche, per favore
compramene una.
Call me any time you want. = Chiamami a qualsiasi ora tu voglia.

***E' possibile usare a lot of anche per le frasi interrogative e negative

Es: There aren't a lot of people at the theatre tonight. = Non ci sono molte persone al teatro stasera.

****La differenza d'uso tra some e a few sta nel fatto che quest'ultimo si usa solo con i
sostantivi numerabili plurali

COMPOSTI DI SOME, ANY, NO

Persone Cose Luoghi

somebody somewhere
Frase affermativa someone something (da qualche parte/in
(qualcosa) qualche luogo)
(qualcuno)

anybody* anywhere*
Frase interrogativa anything* (da qualche parte/in
anyone* (qualcosa) qualche luogo)
(qualcuno)*
not...anybody not...anywhere
not...anything (da nessuna parte/in nessun
not...anyone (nessuno) (niente/nulla) luogo)
Frase negativa
nobody no nowhere
one nothing (da nessuna parte/in nessun
(nessuno) (niente/nulla) luogo)

71
 I composti di any possono essere usati nelle affermative quando assumono il significato di CHIUNQUE,
QUALSIASI COSA, OVUNQUE
Es: Anywhere you go, I'll be with you! = Ovunque tu vada, sarò con te!

Countable and Uncountable Nouns 1

Complete the sentences using either ‘a’ or ‘some’:

There is ________________ sand in my shoe.

There is ________________ five pound note in my wallet.

There is ________________ wine in the cupboard.

There is ________________ butter in the fridge.

There is ________________ peanut butter on the worktop.

There is ________________ radio in the kitchen.

There is ________________ toothbrush in the bathroom.

There is ________________ jam in the cupboard.

There is ________________ magazine in the living room.

There is ________________ queue at the post office.

There is ________________ luggage in the car.

There is ________________ suitcase in the bedroom.

There is ________________ flour in the cupboard.

There is ________________ sugar in your tea.

There is ________________ bicycle outside.

1. Complete the table with countable and uncountable nouns

Sandwich – tomato-juice-coffee-banana-chocolate-potato-bread-onion-cheese-egg-vegetable-
peach-salad- lemon-pear-rice-sweet-tea-sugar-butter-meat-oil-cucumber-orange

2-Put Countable nouns Uncountable nouns the words i

the right place

A dozen- a head- a bunch- a loaf- a bar-a slice- a piece A tin- a glass- a cup –a box- a carton- a packet-
a jar- a bottle –a can- a tube
3-Put the words i
72
the box in the right place

2 …….of eggs 2 …….of 3 …….of milk

1 ……of honey
1 …….of
chocolate lemonade

2 …….of
toothpaste
5 …….of tuna
6 …….. of
cereal

7 …….of coke

4……. of
5 …….of cake cabbage

2 …….of chips

7 …….of grapes
2 …….of water 4 …….of cup

Much/many, few/a few, little/a little

1. Fill in the gaps with few/a few.
1. There are ___________ more things to do before I can have a rest.
2. Please, buy ___________ bottles of milk in the supermarket.
3. Unfortunately, __________ children avoid eating fast food.
4. There are ___________ questions in your test in which you’ve made mistakes. That’s why your mark is high, so well
done!
5. Kate sees her friends ___________ times a week.

2. Fill in the gaps with little/a little.

1. My daughter sometimes borrows ___________ money from me.
2. When you roast the chicken today, add _________ salt.
3. I’ve got _________ money on my bank card, so I’ll pay in cash.
4. There is __________ snow on the outside sill.
5. There’s too ___________ water in my bottle, so you’d better buy some more.

3. Fill in the gaps with few/a few/little/a little.

1. Cook __________ porridge in that pot, please. I’d like something light for breakfast.
2. He worked hard on his painting, but very _______ critics liked it.
3. Most of the children have completed the task, but _______of them are still working.
73
 4. There isn’t __________ useful information on this website.

4. Fill in the gaps with many/much.

1. There aren’t __________ people in our group.
2. How _________ did you pay for your new flat?
3. __________ people would agree with you, but I think you’re wrong.
4. We haven’t got _________ books, have we?
5. You don’t need to buy ___________ violet paint. You can always mix red and blue to make violet.

not any (no) / any / some

1. Fill in the gaps with not any (no) / any / some
(NOT ANY = NO, so you can use both variants:
There aren’t any pencils = There are no pencils)
Jane: Have you got 1 ______ work to do?
Bob: Yes, I guess I have 2 _______ small texts to translate. Then I’ll be free.
Jane: There are 3 ___________any interesting books for our daughter to read. It would be very nice if you go to the library and
borrow 4____________.
Bob: OK, but not now. Now I have 5__________ time. Can Bill give Lisa _______books for a while?
Bill: Well, of course I can, but there are 6__________ books on my shelf which Lisa would like.
Jane: I know you’ve got 7________ fairy tales. They will be perfect for your sister.
Bill: Have I got 8_________ fairy tales? Well, maybe I’ve got one or two. But still, it’ll be better if dad goes to the library.

74
Emma is on a Diet

Recently, Emma has put on a lot of weight. For two weeks, she has been on a strict diet. She is

very pleased with herself because she has already lost five pounds, but she wants to lose ten

more pounds before her trip to France next month. Emma is going with a group of

friends, and she wants to look her best and wear her fashionable clothes. Everyone

tells her she looks great, but she does not agree. She bought new clothes for her

vacation, but she cannot fit into them. Emma bought a diet book that lists the calories

of foods. At the end of the day, she writes down everything she ate and adds up the calories.

She tries to eat no more than a thousand calories per day. Right now, she is thinking about eating a slice of cake and a burger.

Everyone agrees that dieting is not easy, especially when you are a sweet tooth!

Answer the following questions in full sentences.

1. How much weight does Emma want to lose?

___________________________________________________________________________
2. Where is she going?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What did she buy?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. How many calories is she eating a day?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Is she keeping to her diet? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________

Discussion: Why did Emma buy new clothes that do not fit?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________

75
 COMPARATIVI e SUPERLATIVI di AGGETTIVI e AVVERBI

I Comparativi e i Superlativi sono forme speciali degli aggettivi e degli avverbi. Sono usati per paragonare due o più
cose.
I Comparativi possono essere di Maggioranza, Uguaglianza e Minoranza, mentre i
Superlativi Relativi possono essere di Maggioranza e Minoranza.

USO DEI COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI RELATIVI

I Comparativi sono usati per paragonare due persone, animali, cose, concetti astratti.

I Superlativi sono usati per paragonare più di due persone, animali, cose, concetti astratti.

COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MAGGIORANZA REGOLARI

Gli aggettivi formano il grado comparativo e superlativo a seconda del numero di sillabe da cui sono composti.
Ecco le regole:

Aggettivo - Avverbio Comparativo Superlativo

monosillabico che termina con Aggiungere -er Aggiungere -est
e muta, cioè non pronunciata

wide*, wider, widest,

fine*, finer, finest,
cute* cuter cutest
monosillabico che termina con 1 Raddoppiare la consonante e Raddoppiare la consonante e
consonante preceduta da 1 vocale aggiungere aggiungere -est
-er
hot,
big, hotter, hottest,
fat bigger, biggest,
fatter fattest
monosillabico che termina con più di 1 Aggiungere -er Aggiungere -est
consonante e/o più di 1 vocale
light,
neat, lighter, lightest,
fast neater, neatest,
faster fastest
Aggettivo bisillabico che Aggiungere -er (cambiare la y in Aggiungere -est (cambiare la
termina con y, ow, er e i) y in i)
l'avverbio early earlier earliest
happy, happier, happiest,
narrow, narrower, silliest,
clever* cleverer cleverest
plurisillabico, bisillabico non che Usare MORE davanti Usare MOST davanti
termina con y all'aggettivo all'aggettivo
modern, more modern, more most modern, most
interesting, interesting, more interesting, most
beautiful beautiful beautiful

* Nota che il conteggio delle sillabe in inglese è diverso da quello in italiano, perché in inglese le vocali non
76
pronunciate non formano la sillaba

IL SECONDO TERMINE DI PARAGONE

Nei Comparativi è necessario usare THAN per introdurre il secondo termine di paragone
Es: Ken is nicer than Sam. = Ken è più carino di Sam.

Nel linguaggio formale quando in italiano il secondo termine di paragone corrisponde ad un pronome personale, si
usa il pronome soggetto insieme con l'ausiliare (o modale se presente nella frase)

Informale: Ken is nicer than me. = Ken è più carino di me. Formale: Ken is nicer
than I am. = Ken è più carino di me. Informale: He works harder than her. =
Lavora più di lei.
Formale: He works harder than she does. = Lavora più di lei.
Informale: Nick can play football better than you. = Nick sa giocare a calcio meglio di te.
Formale: Nick can play football better than you can. = Nick sa giocare a calcio meglio di te.

I Superlativi degli aggettivi sono sempre preceduti dall'articolo determinativo THE, mentre per gli avverbi si può
omettere; il secondo termine di paragone è introdotto da in se consiste in un complemento di stato in luogo, that se
segue una frase relativa, altrimenti si usa of.

Es: Mike is the nicest in the class.= Mike è il più carino della classe.
Mike is the nicest person that I know. = Mike è la persona più carina che conosca. Mike is the nicest of my
friends = Mike è il più carino dei miei amici.
Sebastian speaks (the) most quietly of you all. = Sebastian parla più a voce bassa di tutti voi.

COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MAGGIORANZA IRREGOLARI

Aggettivo - Avverbio Comparativi Superlativi

good = buono
well = bene better = meglio, migliore the best = il meglio, il migliore

bad = cattivo
badly = male worse = peggio, peggiore the worst = il peggio, il peggiore

old = vecchio older = più vecchio the oldest = il più vecchio

elder = maggiore (di età)
farther = più lontano
far = lontano further = ulteriore
near = vicino nearer = più vicino
the eldest = il maggiore (di età)
the farthest = il più lontano
the nearest = il più vicino the
nearest = il prossimo, il successivo

the latest = l'ultimo, il più recente the last =

late = tardi later = più tardi l'ultimo (in senso definitivo, non ce ne
saranno più)

many = molto/a
much = molti/e more = più the most = il più

little = poco/a less = meno the least = il meno

77
 COMPARATIVI DI UGUAGLIANZA

as + aggettivo / avverbio + as + secondo termine di paragone

Affermativa Es: She is as clever as me. = Lei è brava quanto me.
not as / so + aggettivo / avverbio + as + secondo termine di paragone
Negativa Es: She doesn't run so fast as me. = Lei non corre veloce come me.

Nella frase negativa è possibile usare indifferentemente davanti all'aggettivo o all'avverbio

as oppure so.

COMPARATIVI E SUPERLATIVI DI MINORANZA

Comparativi Superlativi
less + aggettivo / avverbio + than the least + aggettivo / avverbio + of / in
Es: My car is less cheap than yours. = La mia auto Es: This Chinese restaurant is the least cheap in Milano.=
è meno economica della tua. Questo ristorante cinese è il meno economico a Milano.

Al comparativo di minoranza si preferisce nel linguaggio colloquiale il comparativo di uguaglianza nella

forma negativa.

Es: She is less kind than you. = Lei è meno gentile di te. -> She isn't so kind as you.
= Lei non è gentile come te.

USO IDIOMATICO DEL COMPARATIVO

a. Le espressioni in italiano "sempre più" e "sempre meno" si costruiscono in inglese con il seguente schema:

1. nei comparativi di maggioranza con il suffisso -er:

comparativo + and + comparative
Es: Your English is getting better and better. = Il tuo inglese sta migliorando sempre più.

2. nei comparativi di maggioranza con more: more + and

+ more + aggettivo / avverbio

Es: This restaurant is getting more and more expensive. = Questo ristorante sta diventando sempre più costoso.

3. nei comparativi di minoranza:

less + and + less + aggettivo / avverbio

Es: The lesson was becoming less and less interesting. = La lezione stava diventando sempre meno
interessante.

b. L'espressione in italiano "(tanto) più ... (tanto) più / meno" si costruisce in inglese con il seguente schema:
The + comparativo ... , the + comparativo

Es: The harder you study, the better it is. = Più studi, meglio è.
The more modern the car is, the less I like it. = Tanto più l'auto è moderna, tanto meno mi piace.

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 ESERCIZI

1. America is much ......................................(large) France. 

2. David isn’t as ………………………………………………….. (tall) as Bob.
3. Cats aren’t as ……………………………………………….(aggressive) as lions.
4. Do you think she is .........................................(old) I am?
5. I think tulips are ...........................................(beautiful) daffodils.
6. Is it as ......................................(cold) here as in Canada?
7. It is ten miles from .................................................(near) town.
8. It isn't very warm today. It was ..........................(warm) yesterday.
9. It was a very cold day. It was ............................(cold) of the year.
10. It was a very happy day. It was ...........................(happy) day of my life.
11. My father is much .............................................(bad) he was.
12. Shirley is a lot ………………………….………………………………..(intelligent ) Susan.
13. She's a very popular singer. She is .....................................(popular)
singer in our country.
14. Mary's car isn't very big. My car is .....................................(big) hers.
15. Paris is ....................................................(large) city in France.
16. The TGV is ......................................(fast) of all the other trains.
17. The Taylors aren't very nice. The Browns are much ...................(nice).
18. This church is very old. It's .....................................(old) in the town.
19. What is ............................................(long) river in the world?

2. Fill in the missing forms of the degrees of comparisons:

1.high ……………… ……………….

2. ……………….. smaller ……………….
3. ………………. ……………… the largest
4. heavy …………….. ………………
5. ……………… newer ……………….
6. …………….. …………….. the most interesting
7. beautiful …………….. ………………
8. ……………. more difficult ………………
9. creative ……………. ..............
10. ………… ……………. the most careful
11. bad …………… .............
12. …………. …………… the most
13. ………….. better …………….
14. little …………… ……………..

3. Choose the correct variant: a) much b) more c) the most

1. Mary is ___ than Kate. 4. Pam is ___ than Helen.
a) tall b) taller c) the tallest a) old b) older c) the oldest
2. Tom is ___ than Bob. 5. Mona’s dress is ___ than Pam’s dress.
a) short b) shorter c) the shortest a) cheap b) cheaper c) the cheapest
3. Bill reads ____ than Ben. 6. Nick is ____ than Mike.
79
a) fast b) faster c) the fastest
7. Tim is ____ than his brother.
a) helpful b) more helpful c) the most helpful
8. This text is ___ than that text.
a) difficult b) more difficult c) the most difficult
4. Fill in the correct form of the word:
1. July is the ___ (hot) month of the year.
2. My bike is the ___ (cheap).
3. This is the ___ (high) tree in this park.
4. Peter is the ___ (good) runner at school.
5. Mona is the ___ (clever) student in our class.
6. This task is the ___ (difficult) in the test.
7. The traffic on this road is the ___ (dangerous).
8. It is the ___ (heavy) box here.
9. My granny is the ___ (old) in our family.
10. This car is the ___ (expensive) here.
11. Liz is the ___ (fat) girl in our street.
12. This is the ___ (good) translation.
13. It is the ___ (popular) film now.
14. I think it is the ___ (cold) day today.
15. It is the ___ (big) size of the dress.
16. Bob is the ___ (good) student in our class.

5. Comparative or superlative?
1. April is __ (warm) than January.
2. August is the __ (hot) month of the year.
3. November is __ (cold) than September.
4. It is the __ (old) tree in this park.
5. My mobile is __ (expensive) than yours.
6. This text is the __ (easy) text in the book.
7. It is the __ (boring) film this week.
8. Pam’s hair is __ (long) than Kate’s hair.
9. I think it is the __ (long) day.
10. The __ (beautiful) place is Paris.
11. These cakes are the __ (good) in this shop.
12. Your car is __ (cheap) than mine.
13. Bob is __ (tall) than Nick.
14. Sam is the __ (tall) boy in our class.
15. Tom is two years __ (young) than Paul.
16. This building is the ___ (beautiful).

80
 VERBI MODALI: CAN MAY WILL SHALL OUGHT TO

I verbi modali in inglese non hanno alcuni modi e tempi (vengono sostituiti da altri verbi) e presentano delle
particolari caratteristiche:

- Sono invariabili
- Non usano l’ausiliare nelle forme interrogativa, negativa e interrogativo-negativa
- I verbi che li seguono sono all’infinito senza il TO (ad eccezione di ought)
- Non sono mai seguiti da un complemento oggetto

CAN - COULD (POTERE)

Can è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

Per esprimere capacità/abilità nel senso di essere capace

di fare qualcosa o sapere come fare qualcosa He can swim but he can't play tennis. = Sa nuotare ma
non sa giocare a tennis

Per esprimere permesso nel senso di dare o ricevere un

permesso (Nota che can è di solito meno formale di Can I use your computer? = Posso usare il tuo
may) computer?

Could è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

She could sing when she was young. = Sapeva

Per esprimere capacità/abilità nel passato cantare quando era giovane.

Per esprimere permesso (Nota che could Could I come to your party? = Potrei venire alla
è più formale rispetto a can) tua festa?

MAY - MIGHT (POTERE)

May è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

Her luggage may weigh up to 20 kilos. = Il suo bagaglio

Per esprimere una eventualità può pesare fino a 20 chili.

I may go to Paris next week. = E' probabile che la

Per esprimere una probabilità futura prossima settimana vada a Parigi.

81
Per esprimere permesso nel senso di dare o ricevere un
permesso (Nota che may è di solito più formale di can) May I smoke here? = Posso fumare qui?

Per esprimere un augurio May you win! = Che tu possa vincere

82
Might è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

Per esprimere permesso molto formale (come se ci si rivolgesse Might I ask you a favour?= Potrei chiederle
ad una persona dandole del "lei") un favore?

Per esprimere una probabilità (might indica una probabilità più She might have missed the flight.
remota di may) = Potrebbe aver perso il volo.

WILL - WOULD (VOLERE)

Will è usato:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

I'll* wait for you. = Ti aspetto

Per esprimere buona volontà, richieste Will you come with me? = Vieni/Vuoi venire con me?
o inviti

Per offrire qualcosa di solito seguito da have + Will you have a cup of coffee? = Prendi/Vuoi una tazza di
sostantivo caffè.

Per esprimere intenzione specialmente alla prima I'll go shopping later on. = Andrò a far la spesa più
persona tardi

The match will start soon. = La partita inizierà

specifica presto
Per esprimere Corrosion will ruin the structure of the building =
previsione senza riferimento La corrosione rovinerà la struttura dell'edificio
temporale

The news will be broadcasted every two hours. = Il

abituale notiziario verrà trasmesso ogni due ore

*Nota che la forma contratta 'll è molto usata per will. Would è usato:

Funzione linguistica Esempio

Per esprimere buona volontà, richieste Would you please do it for me? = Lo faresti/Vorresti
o inviti (più formale rispetto a will) farlo per me?

I've just heard a noise. That would be the cat in the kitchen. = Ho
Per dichiarare probabilità appena sentito un rumore. Sarà il gatto in cucina.

Per indicare disponibilità a fare qualcosa (uso formale We should be pleased if you would send us your latest catalogue.
nel linguaggio commerciale) = Saremmo lieti se voleste inviarci il vostro ultimo catalogo

Per esprimere un'azione abituale nel passato, When I was young I would play volleyball. = Quando ero giovane
traducendolo con l'imperfetto indicativo o con ERO giocavo/ero solito giocare a pallavolo
SOLITO

SHALL - SHOULD - OUGHT TO (DOVERE)

Shall si usa solo nella forma interrogativa per la prima persona singolare e plurale e ha le seguenti funzioni:
Funzione linguistica Esempio

Shall we go? = Ce ne andiamo? Dobbiamo andarcene?

Fare proposte o dare suggerimenti

Shall I turn off the radio? = Spengo la radio? Vuoi che

Offrirsi di fare qualcosa spenga la radio?

Chiedere un parere o un consiglio in modo Where shall I go? => Dove vado? (Dove devo andare?)
formale

Should e Ought to si usano

Funzione linguistica Esempio

She should quit smoking. = Dovrebbe smettere di

Per dare suggerimenti, consigli e fumare
raccomandazioni You ought to go to the doctor. = Dovresti andare dal
dottore

You shouldn’t behave like that! = Non dovresti

Per fare un rimprovero comportarti così

The match ought to start in one hour = La partita

Per fare una supposizione dovrebbe iniziare tra un’ora

TO HAVE TO e MUST

To have to e must hanno di solito lo stesso significato di dovere. Must sta a indicare

un obbligo urgente o sentito da chi parla

Es: I'm sorry, I must go. = Mi spiace, devo andare.

To have to indica più un obbligo proveniente dall'esterno

Es: You have to study harder. = Devi studiare di più.

Must ha soltanto la forma del Simple Present dell'indicativo

Es: You must fasten the seat belt. = Devi allacciare la cintura.

To have to si usa per tutti i tempi mancanti di must

Es: Evan had to go there. = Evan è dovuto andarci.
You will have to prepare dinner this evening. = Dovrai preparare la cena stasera. She has had to interrupt
the meeting. = Ha dovuto interrompere l'incontro.

Must è un verbo modale e quindi segue le regole di costruzione degli altri modali:
- è invariabile
- non usa gli ausiliari nelle forme interrogativa, negativa e interrogativo-negativa
- i verbi che lo seguono sono all’infinito senza il TO
- non è mai seguito da un complemento oggetto
Es: Must we call the ambulance? = Dobbiamo chiamare l'ambulanza? You mustn't do it. =
Non lo devi fare.

To have to è un verbo regolare e pertanto è variabile e necessita degli ausiliari nelle forme interrogativa,
negativa e interrogativa-negativa
 Es: You don't have to send it. = Non devi spedirlo.
Did you have to stay at home? = Sei dovuto rimanere a casa?

Al presente semplice è possibile usare TO HAVE GOT TO al posto di TO HAVE TO

quando si vuole dare un taglio più informale alla comunicazione
Es: You've got to see that movie, my friend. = Devi vedere quel film, amico mio.

DON'T HAVE TO e MUSTN'T

Nelle frasi negative i due verbi hanno significati diversi.

Verbi Significato Esempio

You don't have to pass the test
don't have to significa che qualcosa non è significa
necessario, ma puoi farlo se lo vuoi - It's OK if you pass the test, but it's also OK if you
dipende da te. don't pass it

significa che qualcosa non viene

mustn't concessa; è vietata e non dovresti You mustn't smoke in the classroom
farla nel modo più assoluto. significa
Smoking is not allowed in the classroom

MODAL VERBS: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Choose the correct option to fill in the gaps:

1. Paul……………… be at home; he always works until 9 p.m.

a) can’t b) mustn’t c) can
2. My sister …………… come back from London tonight, but I’m not sure.
a) may b) ought to c) must
3. Carl …………… speak a word of English before travelling to Britain.
a) can’t b) wasn’t able to c) wasn’t allowed to
4. Mary ………… have forgotten our appointment. Why isn’t she here?
a) can b) must c) may
5. …………… I use your phone, please?
a) Must b) Should c) May
6. You ………… have told us about Sue’s divorce. We made such insensitive comments on her husband!
a) shouldn’t b) should c) mustn’t
7. My son has always been a clever boy; he ……… read when he was three.
a) could b) might c) may
8. I’m afraid I ……………… go out tonight, I ……… work late.
a) can’t/ can b) can’t/ have to c) can’t/ should
9. You often have headaches. I think you ………… visit a neurologist.
a) may b) can c) should
10. There are some black clouds in the sky. It …………… rain this evening.
a) must b) may c) ought to
11. The children ………… have finished their homework by the time we get home, but I’m not sure.
a) aren’t able to b) have to c) might
12. Most children ………… wear school uniforms in private schools.
a) might b) must c) can
13. Why didn’t you phone Paul? He ………… have given a lift to the airport yesterday.
a) can b) ought to c) could
14. A. “Isn’t that John over there?” B. “It ……… be John, he’s at work now.”
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) shouldn’t
15. The new student ……… be German, he doesn’t speak German fluently.
a) shouldn’t b) mustn’t c) can’t
16. Someone’s knocking at the door. It …………… be James; he said he’ come round today.
a) ought to b) must c) can’t
17. You …………… buy a dictionary; there are a lot in class.
a) may not b) mustn’t c) needn’t
18. People ………… fasten seat belts when travelling by car.
a) must b) can c) should
19. Dad is taking a nap; you ………… make so much noise, children.
a) mustn’t b) might not c) needn’t
20. We’ve run out of coffee. We ………… get some tomorrow.
a) may b) must c) might
21. You ………… better go home now, it’s getting dark.
a) would b) should c) had
22. You ……………… have eaten the chocolate cake, children! It was for dad’s party.
a) can’t b) might not c) mustn’t
23. A. “Why is Sue late for work?” B. “Her train …………… have been delayed due to the strike”.
a) can’t b) ought to d) might
24. You …………… bring anything; we’ve bought everything for dinner.
a) have not to b) may not c) don’t need to
25. Pam …………… have set the alarm clock since she had the day off.
a) mustn’t b) can’t c) needn’t
26. Paul asked me to check the exercises. He thought I …………… have made a mistake.
a) might b) can c) should
27. Mrs Black will get angry. I …………… have written the history essay last weekend.
a) must b) should c) may
28. I ………… take a bus to school; I go there on foot every day.
a) mustn’t b) needn’t c) shouldn’t
29. A. “I like the new TV series!” B. “Are you kidding? You …………… like it; it’s the worst programme on TV”.
a) needn’t b) mustn’t c) can’t
30. Be careful with the knife! It’s very sharp, you ………… cut your finger.
a) should b) may c) need to
 AT THE RESTAURANT
Choose whether you do the individual
2. Fill in missing words: work,
1. Are you ready to order?the pair work or both.
2. Fill in missing words:
A: Waiter! I’d like the…, please. A: Waiter! I’d like the menu, please.
W: Here …., sir. W: HereA:youWaiter!
are, sir. I’d like the…, please.
W: Are you ready to …? W: Are W:youHere
ready to…., sir.
order?
A: Yes, I am. Can I start with … soup? Then …, please. A: Yes,W: Are
I am. Canyou
I startready to …?
with tomato soup? Then the
W: What steak would you like: rare, … or ….? salmonA:andYes, I am. Can I start with … soup?
steak, please. Then …,
A: Medium, please. W: Whatplease.
steak would you like: rare, medium or
W: And would you like … or salad? well - W:
done?What steak would you like: rare, … or ….?
A: Vegetables, please. A: Medium, please.
A: Medium, please.
W: Would you like any …? W: And would
W: And youwould
like vegetables or salad?
you like … or salad?
A: Yes, …, please…….. A: Vegetables, please.
A: Vegetables, please.
A: Waiter! Can I have the …, please? W: Would you like any wine?
W: Would you like any …?
W: Here you are. A: Yes, white, please……..
A: Yes, …, please……..
A: Is service ….? A: Waiter! Can I have the bill, please?
A: Waiter! Can I have the …, please?
W: Yes, it is. W: Here you are.
W: Here you are.
A: Is service included?
A: Can I pay by ….?
W: Yes, of course.
A: Is service ….?
W: Yes, it is.
A: CanW:
I payYes, it is.
by credit card?
3. Arrange the dialogue in logical order: W: Yes, of course. pay by
A: Can I ….?
–Here you are. Are you ready to order now? W: Yes, of course.
–How do you want the beef? Rare, medium, or well-done?
–Sure. Anything to drink?
–Yes, we have both. Which one would you like, coffee or tea?
–Yes, it is. Thanks a lot. 4. Get ready to make an order:
3. Arrange the dialogue in logical order:
1. Waiter! I'd like the menu, please. W: Are you ready to order?
–Here you are. How would you like to pay: cash or be credit card? –Here you are. Are you ready to order now?
C: …………………………
–Waiter, I’d like the bill, please. –How do you want the beef? Rare, medium,
W: What would you like to start with?
–Credit card, please. Is service included? or well-done?
C: …………………………
–Iced tea, please. And not too icy, please. –Sure.you Anything to our
drink?
–Do you have coffee or tea? I'd like decaf. W: Would like to try special course?
–Well-done. And not too salty, please. C: …………………………. Which one would you
–Yes, we have both.
–Yes. I'll have some salad, roast beef, and mashed potatoes. like, coffee
W: Would you like or vegetables
tea? or salad?
–Yes, it is. Thanks a lot. WITH
C: ………………………… INDIVIDUALLY
A PARTNER
4. Get ready to make an order: 1. Waiter!
W: Anything I'd like the menu, please.
to drink? 3. 1.
W: Are you ready to order?
C: ………………………… –Here you are. How would Correct
C: …………………………. youPlace each
like the other.
tocorrect
pay:
Havefoodyouitems
placed listed
the in
W: What would you like to start with? cashsize
W: What or be credit
would youcard?
like: small, medium
foodtheitems or in the
blueinbox,
the
C: ………………………… –Waiter, I’d like the bill, please.
W: Would you like to try our special course?
large? correct
corres-ponding
food category? food
C: …………………………. –Credit card, please. Is servicegroup.
C: ………………………….. included?
W: Would you like vegetables or salad? W: How
–Iced would
tea, you like to
please. Andpay:
notcash
too or
4. icy, byplease.
credit
C: ………………………… card?–Do you have coffee or tea?
W: Anything to drink?
WhoI'd like decaf.
2.can name the most
C: …………………………. C: ………………….
–Well-done. And not too salty, please. food See
items
how in many
the of
W: What size would you like: small, medium or large? W: Thank you.
–Yes. I'll have some salad, roast beef, andpicture
the not
foodalready
items from
C: ………………………….. mentioned
the blueinbox theyoublue
W: How would you like to pay: cash or by credit card? mashed potatoes.
Table manners. How not to behave badly
box?can find abroad
in the
C: …………………. picture.
W: Thank you. You are to know some table manners while going
5.
abroad.Useful
Here are words they:and phrases:Can you make up more
Table manners. How not to behave badly abroad Waiter sit up straight.
–You should specific categories
Vegetables Dairy
You are to know some table manners while going abroad. Here are they: Meat I’d like Grain
the menu, please. Fruit
–You shouldn't eat with your fingers. yourselves?
–You should sit up straight. Here you are.
–You shouldn't put your elbows on the table.
–You shouldn't eat with your fingers. Are you ready to order?
–You should
I’ll startput your dirty knife, spoon and fork on
with….
–You shouldn't put your elbows on the table.
your plate.
What would you recommend?
–You should put your dirty knife, spoon and fork on your plate.
–You shouldn't
Would you talk with your mouth full.
like….
–You shouldn't talk with your mouth full.
–You shouldn't
I’d like decaf.lick your fingers.
–You shouldn't lick your fingers. Rare/medium/well
–You shouldn’t take bread– with donethe fork.
–You shouldn’t take bread with the fork. Can I have the bill, please?
–You shouldn’t take salt, pepper with your fingers.
–You shouldn’t take salt, pepper with your fingers. How would
–You should you likeyou"
say "Thank to pay:
aftercash or by credit
the meal.
–You should say "Thank you" after the meal. card?
Is service included?
 bread, yoghurt, French fries, melon, hamburger, banana, beans, bacon,
cheese, apple, chips, oatmeal, ham, pepper, loaf, milkshake, sausage, pot
roast, carrot, spaghetti, tomato, Danish, popcorn, doughnut, chicken wings,
bagel, sour cream, zucchini, butter

Pumpkin Soup

First, dice the pumpkin and chop the onions. Then, put 30 grams of butter into a sauce pan and heat it on
medium heat. Next, add the onions and fry them until they are ok. After that, add the pumpkin and mix
them well. Then, add the water until it’s all covered. Next put the vegetable cube to the sauce pan and let
it boil. After that, simmer until the pumpkin goes soft. Once it’s simmer take the mixture and blend it
well. Finally, put it back and heat it. The pumpkin soup is ready, serve it will bread rolls.
 2 kg

Ingredients: ___________________________
.

______________________________
_.
Instructions:
500 ml
_________________________.
Instructions:
1 vegetable cube.

30g
___________________________
.
First,
_____________________________________________________
To serve: 2 bread rolls.
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
______________________________________________________
______
 FUTURO con WILL

In inglese ci sono molti modi per esprimere il tempo futuro. Uno dei più comuni è usare will (e talvolta shall: nelle
forme interrogative con i pronomi I e WE) formando in tal modo il Simple Future.
Nota anche che will viene spesso abbreviato in 'll.
In italiano è possibile tradurlo con il futuro semplice o con il presente semplice indicativo.

Nelle tabelle seguenti sono indicate le costruzioni delle frasi affermative, negative, interrogative e
interrogative-negative del verbo work

FORMA AFFERMATIVA

La forma affermativa si costruisce ponendo l'ausiliare WILL (SHALL) tra il soggetto e la

forma base del verbo.

Forma Base del

Soggetto will/shall Verbo Esempio con forma contratta

I will/shall* work I'll work hard

You will work You'll work hard
He will work He'll work hard
She will work She'll work hard
It will work It'll work
We will/shall* work We'll work hard
You will work You'll work hard
They will work They'll work hard

*Shall si usa solo con la 1° persona singolare (I) e plurale (We), ma nell'inglese moderno il suo uso è confinato
soltanto nelle frasi interrogative dove shall assume il significato di dovere o viene usato per fare proposte
Es: Shall I turn off the light? = Devo spegnere le luci?
Shall we go? = Andiamo?

FORMA INTERROGATIVA

La forma interrogativa si costruisce anteponendo l'ausiliare WILL (SHALL) al soggetto più la forma base del
verbo.

Forma Base del

Will/Shall Soggetto Verbo Esempio

Will/Shall I work Shall I work hard?

Will you work Will you work hard?
Will he work Will he work hard?
Will she work Will she work hard?
Will it work Will it work?
Will/Shall we work Shall we work hard?
Will you work Will you work hard?
Will they work Will they work hard?

FORMA NEGATIVA

La forma negativa si ottiene aggiungendo not all'ausiliare WILL cui segue la forma base del verbo.
Nel linguaggio informale si usa soprattutto la forma contratta WON'T (WILL + NOT)
 Forma Base del
Soggetto will not / won't Verbo Esempio

I won't (will not) work I won't work hard

You won't (will not) work You won't work hard
He won't (will not) work He won't work hard
She won't (will not) work She won't work hard
It won't (will not) work It won't work
We won't (will not) work We won't work hard
You won't (will not) work You won't work hard
They won't (will not) work They won't work hard

FORMA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA

La forma interrogativa-negativa del Simple Future si ottiene con l'ausiliare WON'T davanti al soggetto, cui
segue poi la forma base del verbo.

Forma Base del

Won't Soggetto Verbo Esempio

Won't I work Won't I work hard tonight?

Won't you work Won't you work hard tonight?
Won't he work Won't he work hard tonight?
Won't she work Won't she work hard tonight?
Won't it work Won't it work?
Won't we work Won't we work hard tonight?
Won't you work Won't you work hard tonight?
Won't they work Won't they work hard tonight?

Il future con will si usa per:

Situazione Esempio
I'll call you as soon as I get to the airport. = Ti chiamo non
Fare una promessa appena arrivo in aeroporto.
Offrirsi spontaneamente di fare qualcosa The telephone is ringing: I'll answer!= Sta squillando il telefono:
rispondo io!
Decidere al momento di fare qualcosa, I've made up my mind. I'll go to Stockholm for my vacation. = Ho
senza averla programmata deciso. Andrò a Stoccolma per le vacanze.
precedentemente

One day the world will live as one. = Un giorno il mondo vivrà
Fare previsioni unito.
Indicare qualcosa che certamente avverrà
a prescindere dalla nostra volontà Tomorrow I’ll be 17. = Domani compio 17 anni.

Con verbi come believe, be sure, It's too late. I think he'll miss the train. = E' troppo tardi. Penso
suppose, think che perderà il treno

FUTURO con TO BE GOING TO

In inglese ci sono molti modi per esprimere il tempo futuro. Un altro dei modi più comuni è il Futuro Intenzionale
che si crea con la costruzione to be going to.

Per creare una forma verbale con to be going to, è necessario mettere il Simple Present
del verbo to be nella voce corretta e poi aggiungere going to + la forma base del verbo.

Nota anche che be viene spesso abbreviato. Gli esempi che seguono elencano le forme principali del verbo to leave

Forma affermativa: I am going to leave

Forma negative: I am not going to leave
Forma interrogative: Am I going to leave?

To be going to si usa di solito con il significato di STARE PER o AVERE INTENZIONE DI

oppure quando qualcosa è stata già programmata o definita.

Nota che si tende ad omettere il verbo to go (andare) nella costruzione del futuro intenzionale.
Es: He is going to go to the cinema this evening diventa He is going to the cinema this evening

Situazione Esempio
Azione già programmata o I'm going to leave tomorrow at 6.30.= Partirò domani alle
definita 6.30. (La partenza è stata già programmata e organizzata)

Con il significato di AVERE I'm going to make the supper this evening. = Ho intenzione di preparare la
cena stasera.
INTENZIONE DI
Con il significato di Look at those clouds! It's going to rain! = Guarda quelle nuvole! Sta per
piovere!
STARE PER

Altri modi per esprimere il tempo futuro sono il:

Angelo: Do you want to go to the movies

Present tonight? = Vuoi andare al cinema stasera?
Progressive Azioni già programmate nel futuro Sarah: Sorry, I can't. I'm playing basketball.
= Mi spiace, non posso. Gioco a pallacanestro.

Angelo: What time does the next bus leave? = A

Simple Azioni future riferite a mezzi di che ora parte il prossimo autobus?
Present trasporto o a eventi con orari Sarah: It leaves at six. = Parte alle 6.
prestabiliti.

Fill in the blanks with the verbs in brackets.

1.-Have you got any plans for the weekend? Yes, I …………………. (visit) some friends in London.
2.-I know that Elisa …………… (have) a baby in two months.
3.-Please, wait for me. I……………. (be) ready in a few minutes.
4.-My MP5 player has just stopped working. “Don’t worry, I …………. (fix) it”
5.-My friend didn’t revise for the exam so he …………… (fail) it.
6.-We haven’t decided what we …………. (do) next Saturday but I know we………………. (not stay) at home.
7.- Jennifer has phoned she said that she ………………….. (come) for lunch.
8.-I think somebody has knocked on the door. I ………………. (open) it for you.
9.-…………… your mother ……………. (cook) that delicious cake for the birthday party?
10.-David, you have forgotten to tidy the room and you promised you ……………(do) it.
11. –Do you think it ……………… (be) sunny tomorrow? The weather forecast isn’t always true.
12.-That leather jacket is quite expensive but I …………………. (buy) anyway.
13.-What present …………you ………. (give) your boyfriend for his birthday? Well, I don’t know yet.
14.-Next Tuesday they ………………… (perform) at the theatre in Gijón. Maybe I …………….. (go)
15.-My cousins …………………. (come) back from USA next Thursday morning.
16.-No, I …………….. (not sell) my car until I save some money to buy another one.
17.-Shall we go to the pub this evening? I’m sorry but I ……….. (finish) my new project.
18.-Alexander is a good student. Probably he ……………….. (become) a good lawyer.
19.- My sister-in-law ………….(not study) Chinese because she hates languages.

Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.
1. A: I've got a terrible headache.
B: Do you? Wait here and I………………………………..(get) you some aspirin.
2. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water?
B: I ………………........................ ( wash) the car.
3. A: I've decided to repaint this room.
B: Oh, you have? What color……………………………………….(you/paint) it?
4. A: Look! There's smoke coming out of that house. It's on fire!
B: Oh no! 1…………………………………..(call) the fire department right away.
5. A: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it?
B: No, it looks as if it …………………………………………………..(fall) down.
6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes, I ……………………………………………….(buy) something for dinner.
7. A: I can't figure out how to use this camera.
B: It's easy. I……………………………………...(show) you.
8. A: What would you like to have - coffee or tea?
B: 1……………………………………………………………(have) coffee, please.
9. A: Has George decided what to do when he finishes school?
B: Oh yes. Everything is settled. He …………………………….(take) a vacation for a few weeks, and then
he………………...............(start) a computer programming course.
10. A: Did you mail that letter for me?
B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. 1…………………………………...(do) it now.
11. A: What shall we have for dinner?
B: I don't know. I can't make up my mind.
A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
B: Okay. We……………………………………………………………(have) chicken.
12. Jack: We need some bread for lunch.
Ben: Oh, we do?I………………………..(go) to the store and get some.I feel like taking a walk.
Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
Ben: I…………………(get) some bread. Do you want anything from the store?
Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes.
Ben: Okay, I…………………………………….(get) you some.
13. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn't have a car:
John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?
Toshi: Of course I………………………….…(take) you. I'd be happy to.
Later that day Eric offers to take John to the airport.
Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
John: No thanks, Eric. Toshi …………………………………………….(take) me.
 Reading: The world in 2050
Read the texts and do the exercises

Samuel, 27
I think a lot of things will change in 2050. India will
overtake China as the first largest economy in the
world, but the country will have many problems with
its demographics. The world will also have a lot of
problems with the pollution and the climate
changing. We will need to find other resources,
because there will be more than nine billion people
on Earth in 2050. We will also need to build
spaceships to travel to the Moon and to Mars,
because we will have to take resources from these places.

Lea, 25
Our world won’t be the same in 2050. We will
improve our technology and everybody will be
able to speak at least five languages.
People will live longer and we won’t have health
problems, because we will improve our
knowledge on medicine. We will also live in peace
and the different countries won’t have
nuclear weapons anymore. We will also have
a single world government as we already have
the IMF (International Monetary Fund). I think 2050 will be a great year for
mankind!

Steven, 29
I hope that the world countries will be able to
overcome the different issues in 2050. We will live
in peace and won’t have any wars anymore. We
will be able to explore the space and to find other
habitable planets. We will perhaps find other
intelligent Beings on other planets in 2050.
 Reading: The world in
2050
What will the world look like in 2050? What do they think? Fill in the table!

People Information

Your turn! What do you think? What will the world look like in 2050?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………..
 GERUNDIO e PARTICIPIO PRESENTE

Il Gerundio e il Participio Presente si formano aggiungendo ING ai verbi (per questo viene chiamata -ING
Form o Forma in -ING):

read + ing = reading

Ci sono poche regole per formare il Gerundio e il Participio Presente correttamente:

1. Se c'è una vocale e una consonante, e la sillaba è accentata, raddoppiare la consonante e aggiungere
ING:

hit + t + ing = hitting

2. Se ci sono una o più consonanti e la E, rimuovere la E e aggiungere:

take + ing = taking

3. Se c'è una vocale e la L raddoppiano la L:

travel + l + ing = travelling

4. Nella maggior parte degli altri casi, aggiungere solo ING:

study + ing = studying

5. Alcuni verbi irregolari sono:

die + ing = dying

USO DEL GERUNDIO E DEL PARTICIPIO PRESENTE

La Forma in ING dei verbi, che traduce il Gerundio e il Participio Presente in Italiano, serve per costruire la
Forma Progressiva dei verbi insieme al verbo essere

Es: I am going to the office now = Ora vado (sto andando) in ufficio

La Forma in ING dei verbi viene usata negli avvisi pubblici per vietare, proibire: Es: No Smoking =
Vietato Fumare

Il Gerundio viene usato anche come sostantivo, e viene tradotto in italiano con l'infinito se questo può essere
preceduto dall'articolo

Es: Reading is good for your brain = (il) Leggere/La Lettura fa bene al cervello Not drinking 2 litres of
water every day is not good for your health = (il) Non bere due litri di acqua al giorno non fa bene alla
salute.
 GERUNDIO e INFINITO

Il Gerundio si forma aggiungendo ING alla forma base del verbo:

walking, talking, thinking, listening

FORMA DELL'INFINITO

L' Infinito si forma con TO prima della forma base del verbo:

to walk, to talk, to think, to listen

VERBI SEGUITI DA GERUNDIO E INFINITO

I seguenti verbi sono seguiti dal Gerundio:

enjoy - dislike - finish - quit - mind - postponed - put off - keep on - consider - discuss

Es: Sally finished working late yesterday. = Sally ha finito di lavorare tardi ieri. They keep on doing the
same thing. = Continuano a fare la stessa cosa..

I seguenti verbi possono essere seguiti sia dal Gerundio, quando esprimono un'azione abituale, che dall'Infinito,
quando esprimono un'azione occasionale
hate - like - love - prefer - start - stop

Es: I like dancing = Mi piace ballare (lo faccio abitualmente)

I like to dance when I go to the parties = Mi piace ballare quando vado alle feste (lo faccio solo in occasione
delle feste)

Specchietto in lingua riassuntivo:

Verbs which are usually followed by a Verbs which are usually followed by an infinitive:
Gerund: afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, care,
acknowledge, admit, adore, anticipate, choose, claim, come, consent, dare, decide, demand,
appreciate, avoid, celebrate, confess, deserve, determine, elect, expect, fail, get, hate, help,
contemplate, delay, deny, describe, detest, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, mean, need,
discuss, dislike, dread, endure, enjoy, fancy, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve,
finish, imagine, involve, keep, justify, mention, say, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish.
mind, miss, omit, postpone, practise, quit, recall,
recommend, regret, report, resume, risk,
suggest, tolerate, understand.

COMPLETE WITH A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE

1.- She agreed ………………….. (pay) the electricity bill the following week.
2.-Hector dislikes ……………… (go) to the opera.
3.-Martin admitted ………………. (steal) the money from the safe.
4.-Elizabeth didn’t need ………….. (do) the final exams.
5.-I regretted ……………… (forget) to call my grandfather for his birthday.
6.-Your aunt wished …………. (visit) Australia in Summer.
7.-Please, avoid ………………… (touch) the wires with wet hands.
8.-Your friend seems ……………. (be) very busy today.
9.-We suggested ………………… (sell) our apartment at the seaside.
10.-She postponed ………………… (make) a decision for the new shop.
11.-Excuse me, do you mind ………… (clean) the table, please!
12.-It was difficult to climb up the mountain but we kept ……….(go)
13.-I’m amazed because you didn’t hesitate ………… (accept) that job.
14.-The policeman pretended …………. (keep) my identity card.
15.- Robert denied …………… (kidnap) the child.
16.- The car is too expensive so I can’t afford ………….. (buy) it.
17.-Sonia didn’t tolerate …………………. (share) the bedroom with John.
18.-The couple chose ………….(spend) their honeymoon in Canada.
19.-You hate …………… (wait) for your girlfriend.
20.-Barbara celebrated ……………….. (win) the TV contest.
21.- George’s father learnt ……………… (play) the guitar in five years.
22.-Miriam omitted ……………..(invite) her old university colleagues.
23.-My aunt claimed …………… (be) the owner of the red suitcase.
24.-Tina pretended …………….. (borrow) my computer.
25.-All my friends wanted ………….. (go) to the zoo in the afternoon.
26.- The French tourist asked me how ……….. (get) to the post office.
27.-My neighbour enjoys ……….. (collect) stamps and coins.
28.- It was late so we hurried ……………. (catch) the last bus.
29.-Does she know what ………… (do) in case of a fire?
30.-I’d like ………………. (fly) to the Moon soon.
 "Used To" or "Would"?
We use "used to" to talk about past habitual actions and states:

I used to live in this area when I was a child.

They used to dance at that ballroom every Sunday afternoon.

We use "would", however, to talk only about past habitual actions.

It's not possible to talk about past states:

I would live in this area when I was a child.

They would dance at that ballroom every Sunday afternoon.

For each of the following sentences, choose either "used to" or "would".

If both are possible, use "would".

Do you remember how your Uncle David __________ sit in that chair and smoke those disgusting

cigars.

Your mother __________ have a Yorkshire Terrier when she was a young girl, didn't she?

For years, they __________ go on holiday to the Rockies, but then it became very fashionable and,

hence, expensive.

Years ago, I __________ write a diary every day but then I got bored with doing it and I stopped. Maybe

it was my life that was boring!

At the start of their marriage, they __________ be very happy - but then it all went wrong!

You __________ spell so well. Whatever happened?

When I was five, I __________ be able to do incredible gymnastics. Now I can't even touch my toes.

Before getting my driving licence, I __________ ride a bicycle everywhere.

 Tea is the Most Popular Drink in Britain
Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It's even more popular than coffee, which is favoured
throughout Europe and America.
The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the first advertisement for tea appeared in
a London newspaper. At that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker's weekly wages. Tea
was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by the
teaspoon.
By 1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain. Later, tea-drinking developed into a fashionable
social ritual. Tea parties were popular at home and soon the ritual of "afternoon tea" was firmly established.
Nowadays, throughout the homes, tea shops and hotels of Britain, the custom of tea-time continues. Tea in Britain is
brewed in a teapot. Then the one spoonful of tea per person and one for the pot is added.
Most people in Britain prefer a rich, strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.

 
Questions:
1. What is the most popular drink in Britain?
2. When did the Dutch bring first tea to Europe?
3. When did tea become the principal drink in Britain?
4. What is the way to brew tea in Britain?
5. And what drink do you like?

Tea idioms

It’s not my cup of tea. In English, if there’s something we don’t like very much for example a sport or a type of music, we can
say ‘it's not my cup of tea’. Please turn that down. Jazz really isn’t my cup of tea.
I wouldn’t do it for all the tea in China. In English, if there is something we would never do, we can say ‘I wouldn’t do it for
all the tea in China’. Well, I wouldn’t do that for all the tea in China!
It’s as good as a chocolate teapot. In English, if something is completely useless, we can say ‘it’s as good as a chocolate
teapot’. What’s that you say? You say these lessons are as good as a chocolate teapot

Tea making equipment

Mug

Loose leaves Tea bag

fine bone china teacup china mug

tea strainer traditional tea set

tea pot
Eating healthy foods may lower depression risk
By Agata Blaszczak Boxe Published September 21, 2015

Following a diet rich in produce and low in processed meats even if you don't do it perfectly may
be helpful in preventing depression, according to a large new study.
To lower the risk of depression, "People can eat everything, but everything in moderation," as long
as they try to eat lots of vegetables, fruits, nuts and fish, and avoid fast food and processed meats,
said study author Almudena Sanchez-Villegas of the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
At the start of the study, researchers asked 15,000 Spanish university graduates who had never had
depression what they normally ate. Then they asked them again, 10 years later.
The researchers looked at how closely the participants' everyday diets adhered to three healthy diet
patterns that involved consuming high amounts of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and fish, and avoiding processed meats.
These principles are part of the Mediterranean diet and other healthy diets.
After 8.5 years, 1,550 people in the study reported being diagnosed with depression or using antidepressant drugs.
The researchers found that the people in the study who stuck to the healthy patterns to a moderate or a high extent had a lower
risk of depression than those who did not follow these diets at all, or who adhered to them to a low degree.
For example, the risk of depression over the study period for the people who moderately adhered to the Mediterranean diet was
about 25 to 30 percent lower than for those who did not adhere to the diet at all, or who adhered to it only to a very small
extent, the researchers found. [7 Ways to Recognize Depression in 20-Somethings]
"Even a moderate adherence to these healthy dietary patterns was associated with an important reduction in the risk of
developing depression," Sanchez-Villegas told Live Science.
Moreover, the researchers saw no extra benefit for depression risk when participants followed the diets very closely, compared
with moderate adherence, she said.
The researchers don't know for sure what may explain the link between these dietary patterns and people's risk of depression.
However, one potential mechanism is that people who follow these patterns may have a lower risk of depression because they
get adequate levels of some micronutrients, such as B vitamins, folate or zinc all of which are essential to brain health,
Sanchez-Villegas said.
Conversely, the people who don’t follow these patterns may have a higher risk of depression because of their nutrient deficits,
she said.
Sanchez-Villegas' previous research, published in 2006 and 2009, also showed a link between following a Mediterranean diet
and a lower risk of depression.
The new study was published Sept. 16 in the journal BMC Medicine

According to the previous text, answer the following comprehension questions/statements:

1. The statement "People can eat everything, but everything in moderation," can be interpreted in the next way:
a) Individuals cannot eat everything they want. They have to eat all in moderated portions.
b) You can eat all you want but in reasonable portions.
c) You can have a balance between eating all you desire and moderating the junk food you eat.
2. Which of the following foods do not take part of the principles of Mediterranean and other healthy diets?
a) Processed meats
b) Nuts and fish
c) Vegetables and legumes
3. We can interpret the statement "Even a moderate adherence to these healthy dietary patterns was associated with an
important reduction in the risk of developing depression," by Mr. Sanchez-Villegas in the following manner:
a) If you follow the healthy dietary habit patterns in a reasonable way, the possibility of depression may be reduced.
b) Adhering to healthy dietary habits cannot reduce depression at all.
c) Depression is associated with unhealthy dietary habits.

4. At the very beginning of the study, researchers interviewed university graduates. How long did it take for them to be part of
the study once again?
a) A decade-long.
b) A period of 8.5 years.
c) It is not mentioned.
5. Who’s the author of this news article?
a) Agata Blaszczak Boxe
b) A person who works for LiveScience
c) Almudena Sanchez-Villegas

According to the statements given, complete the chart with the appropriate numbers from the text.
Example:
The date when this
newspaper article was 21st/09/2015
published

I. The amount of graduate

students that took part of the
research study.
II. The years when other
people were diagnosed with
depression.
III. The low percentages of
those who adhered to the
Mediterranean diet.
IV. The years when Mr.
Sanchez-Villegas published
his early work.
V. The date when a new study
was published on the journal.
IDIOM MEANING/SENTENCE

a matter of opinion It's a matter of opinion whether eating fried tarantulas is a gourmet
treat.
a piece of cake That test was a snap- it was a piece of cake.
a rip off You spent $500 for a watermelon! What a rip off!
a pain in the neck A pest. His little brother is a real pain in the neck.
be in hot water Be in trouble. If you tell you boss off, you'll really be in hot water.
in the same boat We're in the same situation. We're all in the same boat- so be cool.
on the same wave length We have the same ideas and opinions. We're on the same wave
length.
be on the ball Very sharp. Very smart. He's really on the ball.
it's only a matter of time Very soon. It's only a matter of time until his boss realizes that he
is the one stealing money from the till.
be that as it may As things stand. Be that as it may, I think you should re-consider
your decision to move to Antarctica.
up in arms Really angry. His father was up in arms when he learned that he had
crashed his new car.
up in the air Not sure. Plans are up in the air- we haven't decided what to do yet.
bend over backwards Go out of your way. She really bent over backwards to make my stay
enjoyable.
Big deal! Sarcastic. Losing an old sock is not a big deal.
cost an arm and a leg Very expensive. His new Ferrari cost an arm and a leg.
cross your fingers For good luck. Cross your fingers that I pass the English exam with
flying colors.
draw a blank Can't remember. I drew a blank when I tried to remember his
brother's name.
Easier said than done. More difficult than it seems.
Am fed up with Sick and tired of something. I'm fed up with whining friends who
have everything!
from scratch Make from basic ingredients. Her carrot cake was made from
scratch.
for the time being For now. Let's take a break from studying for the time being.
get cold feet Chicken out. John wanted to ask Maria out but he got cold feet and
chickened out.
get out of the wrong side of In a bad mood. He must have gotten up out of the wrong side of the
the bed bed today.
get the picture Understand. Do you get the picture?
get your act together Get organized/stop wasting time. You better get your act together
or you're going to fail all your classes.
give it a shot Try. Why not try bungee jumping. Give it a shot.
give him a piece of your mind Get angry and tell someone off. If I were you I would give him a
piece of your mind.
give him the cold shoulder Ignore someone. Brett walked right post me without saying a word.
He gave me the cold shoulder.
go all out Do your utmost for someone or something. His parents went all out
for his graduation party.
go downhill Get worse. After he got divorced, everything went downhill.
go up in smoke Evaporate/disappear. His dreams of being a professional athlete
went up in smoke when he broke his leg.
have a chip on your shoulder Think you are great. He has such a chip on his shoulder that he
hardly ever relates to anyone.
had it up to here Can't take any more. I've had it up to here with noise students!
mixed feelings Positive and negative feelings together. I have very mixed feelings
about her marrying a fisherman.
second thoughts Thinking again about a decision. I'm having second thoughts about
trekking in Greenland this summer.
throw a fit Get really angry. His mother threw a fit when she heard that he lost
her i-Phone.
I’m all ears. To listen intently. Tell me about your wedding plans- I'm all ears.
in the bag Certain. His new job is in the bag. He signed the contract.
in the middle of nowhere Way out in the country. Their ski chalet is in the middle of nowhere.
Just my luck! Bad luck. Just my luck to lose the winning lottery ticket.
keep an eye on Watch carefully. Will you keep an eye on my nephew while I walk the
dog?
bear in mind Keep it in mind. Bear in mind, learning a new language isn't as easy as
it seems.
learn by heart Memorize. You have to learn irregular verbs by heart.
let the cat out of the bag Spill the beans. Tell a secret. Don't let the cat out of the bag. Keep
his surprise birthday party a secret.
make my day Make my day great. The guy I have a crush on finally called me. He
made my day.
miss the point Don't understand the basic meaning. You are missing the point
entirely- we aren't being negative about your best friend.
no way Impossible. You got all A's on your exams and you never studied. No
way!
don't have a clue Have no idea. I don't have ea clue what the professor was talking
about.

I manuali usati per la stesura della dispensa sono:

P. Giampieri, The way I like it,vol.1
R.Nardella, Grammatica Inglese.
Sito online: https://en.islcollective.com/