Carabine Il Carcano 91

6,021(%(/2*,*5,0$/',
(',75,&(5$9,==$ VDV0,/$129,$+2(3/,

Il presente testo, distribuito in formato PDF e

riproducente in modo quasi esatto l'originale, stato
digitalizzato da Edoardo Mori per gentile concessione
della societ Ravizza di Milano che ne conserva tutti i
diritti di copyright.
Il testo viene messo a disposizione degli appassionati
che possono utilizzarlo esclusivamente per uso proprio
e non commerciale. Ne vietato, senza l'autorizzazione
della societ Ravizza, l'inserimento in siti Internet
diversi da
http://www.ravizza1871.com
http://www.earmi.it
La soc. Ravizza Sport srl, che vende armi,
abbigliamento sportivo e articoli sportivi, ha sede in
Milano, via Hoepli 3 ove si trova anche la antica
armeria.
Copyright by Editrice Ravizza s.as. Propriet

letteraria e artistica riservata Riproduzione e traduzione
anche parziale vietate
6725,$'(//($50,02'(//2
0(&&$1,&$(025)2/2*,$
'(//($50,02'(//2
081,=,21,%8))(77(5,(($&
&(6625,
3(5$50,02'(//2
$50,5,'277(7,32

6725,$'(//($50,
02'(//2
GL*LDQIUDQFR6LPRQH
,Q QHVVXQ SHULRGR GHOOD VWRULD GHOOH DUPL QHSSXUH QHO VHFROR DW
WXDOH O
HYROX]LRQH GHO IXFLOH PLOLWDUH HEEH XQ ULWPR FRVu YHORFH FRPH
GXUDQWHODVHFRQGDPHWjGHOO
2WWRFHQWR/H JXHUUH H OH ULYROX]LRQLGHO
HUDQRVWDWHFRPEDWWXWHFRQODVRODHFFH]LRQHGHOOD3UXVVLDGRYH
HUD G
RUGLQDQ]DLO IXFLOH ULJDWRDG DJR'UH\VHD UHWURFDULFD HD FROSR
VLQJROR LPSLHJDQGR DUPL DG DYDQFDULFD SHU OR SL D FDQQD OLVFLD
VSHVVRDQFRUDDSLHWUDIRFDLDH JHQHUDOPHQWH GL FDOLEUR QRQ LQIHULRUH
DLGLFLDVVHWWHPLOOLPHWUL1HLGLHFLDQQLVXFFHVVLYLTXDVLWXWWHOHQD]LR
QLDGRWWDURQRLOIXFLOHDFDQQDULJDWDVHPSUHDGDYDQFDULFD JUD]LH
DOOD VROX]LRQH GHO SUREOHPDG

LQILODUH GDOOD YRODWD XQD SDOOD FKH SHU
HIIHWWR GHOOD SUHVVLRQH GHL JDV R GL XQD GHIRUPD]LRQH PHFFDQLFD DW
WXDWD GDOODEDFFKHWWDSRWHYD HVSDQGHUVLILQR D IRU]DUH QHOOD ULJDWXUD
DO PRPHQWR GHOOR VSDUR 1RQ VROR DOFXQH QD]LRQL DGRWWDURQR FDOLEUL
SLSLFFROLLQWRUQRDLTXDWWRUGLFLPLOOLPHWULOD*UDQ%UHWDJQDLO
PP SHU

(QILHOG PRGHOOR O
$XVWULDLO SHU LO /RUHQ]
PRGHOOR JOL 6WDWL8QLWL LO PP SHU OR 6SULQJILHOG PR
GHOOR/D)UDQFLDJOL6WDWLLWDOLDQLHDOWULSDHVLUHVWDURQRIHGHOLDO
FDOLEUR
$UPLOXQJKHPLOLWDULDGDYDQFDULFD GHOO
2WWRFHQWR,OSULPRGDOO
DOWRqXQ
IXFLOHDFDQQDOLVFLDHDSLHWUDIRFDLDQDSROHRQLFRGHJOL DOWULVHLWXWWLD
FDSVXODLOVHFRQGRHLOWHU]RVRQRDFDQQDOLVFLDPHQWUHLUHVWDQWLVRQR
ULJDWL

'RSRODEDWWDJOLDGL6DGRZDR.RHQLJJUDHW]LQFXL LO 'UH\VHGLPR
VWUzFKLDUDPHQWHODVXDVXSHULRULWjVXO/RUHQ]VLHEEHODFRUVDDOIX
FLOHD UHWURFDULFD SHU OR SL ULFDYDWRGDOOD WUDVIRUPD]LRQHGLDUPLDG
DYDQFDULFD /D )UDQFLD SXU GLVSRQHQGR GHO IXFLOH DG DJR &KDVVHSRW
FDOLEURDGRWWDWRGRSRGXHDQQLGLVWXGLQHOWUDVIRUPzL
/D WUDVIRUPD]LRQH DG DJR &DUFDQR6L QRWLQHOOD ILJXUD D DFFDQWR DO

PDQXEULRLOPR]]LFRQHGHOO
RULJLQDULROXPLQHOORSHUODFDSVXODUHVRLQX
WLOH GDO SDVVDJJLR GDOO
DYDQFDULFD DOOD UHWURFDULFD H GDO FDPELDPHQWR
GHO VLVWHPD G
DFFHQVLRQH ,O WXEHWWR GHOOD ILJXUD D GRWDWR GL XQ QD
VHOOR ]LJULQDWR q SUDWLFDPHQWH LGHQWLFR D TXHOOR GHOOH DUPL PRGHOOR
YHGHUHODILJXUDGLSDJLQD
VXRLIXFLOLVHFRQGRLOVLVWHPDG
RWWXUD]LRQHDWDEDFFKLHUD6QLGHUG
RU
GLQDQ]DDQFKHLQ*UDQ %UHWDJQD/
$XVWULD WUDVIRUPz L /RUHQ] FRLVL
VWHPL:HUQGOH:DHQ]O HJOL6WDWL8QLWLFKHJLjGXUDQWHOD JXHUUD GL
VHFHVVLRQH DYHYDQR LPSLHJDWR FDUDELQH D UHWURFDULFD H DGGLULWWXUD D

ULSHWL]LRQHSHUTXDQWRGLVFDUVDSRUWDWDDGRWWDURQRODWUDVIRUPD]LRQH
GL(UVNLQH6$OOLQGHQRPLQDWD6SULQJILHOGPRGHOOR
/
,WDOLDYROOHUHVWDUHXQSDVVRLQGLHWURHWUDVIRUPzLIXFLOLSLHPRQWH
VLDGDYDQFDULFDFRQXQVLVWHPDDRWWXUDWRUHJLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH LGHDWR
GDOFRQWUROORUHSULQFLSDOHGLSULPDFODVVH6DOYDWRUH&DUFDQRGHOTXDOH
DYUHPRPRGR GL ULSDUODUH,OSDVVRLQGLHWURFRQVLVWHYDQHOO
LPSLHJRGL
XQVLVWHPDG
DFFHQVLRQHDG DJR FKHIXQ]LRQDYDVROR FRQ FDUWXFFHGL
FDUWD
,O IXFLOH DG DJR &DUFDQR DGRWWDWR QHO FRQ XQD VSHVD GL RWWR
PLOLRQLGLOLUHG
DOORUDSDUWHFLSzDXQVRORIDWWRG
DUPHLPSRUWDQWHOD
SUHVDGL5RPD&KHIRVVHXQ
DUPDVXSHUDWDqGLPRVWUDWRGDOIDWWRFKH
L EHUVDJOLHUL VL DIIUHWWDURQRD VRVWLWXLUOR FRQ L 5HPLQJWRQ FDWWXUDWL DL

SDSDOLQL 1HO IDPRVR GLSLQWR GL 0LFKHOH &DPPDUDQR OH FDUDELQH GD
EHUVDJOLHULWUDVIRUPDWHFROVLVWHPD&DUFDQRVRQRUDIILJXUDWHFRQUDUD
SUHFLVLRQH
)XFLOHULGRWWR&DUFDQRPRGHOORLQGRWD]LRQHDOOD IDQWHULD GHOOD PL

OL]LDWHUULWRULDOH

&RPXQTXH WXWWH OH WUDVIRUPD]LRQL DQFKH OH SL LQJHJQRVH HUDQR
SDOOLDWLYL H FRQ OD VROD HFFH]LRQH GHJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL ULPDVWL IHGHOL DOOR
6SULQJILHOGPRGHOORHDLVXRLGHULYDWLSHUTXDVLWUHQW
DQQLQHOJL
UR GL XQ OXVWUR O
DUPDPHQWR GHOOH SULQFLSDOL SRWHQ]H VXEu XQ DOWUR
FDPELDPHQWR
/
RULHQWDPHQWR JHQHUDOH HUD YHUVR LO VLVWHPD GL RWWXUD]LRQH D FD
WHQDFFLRFRQVLVWHQWHFLRqLQXQFLOLQGURJLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH DOORJJLDQWH
LO SHUFXVVRUH GRWDWR GL DOHWWH GL EORFFR H PXQLWR GL XQ PDQXEULR
0DXVHULQ*HUPDQLD %HUGDQLQ5XVVLDH%XOJDULD %HDX

PRQWLQ2ODQGD*UDVLQ)UDQFLD9HWWHUOLLQ6YL]]HUD
0XUDWDLQ*LDSSRQH,OIDWWRFKHLO WHUPLQH FDWHQDFFLR DEELD
TXHOOD FKH VROR JUDPPDWLFDOPHQWH q XQD GHVLQHQ]D SHJJLRUDWLYD KD
LQGRWWR PROWL D XVDUOR FRPH GLVSUHJLDWLYR GL IXFLOH PD O

HUURUH q HYL
GHQWH VH VL SHQVD FKH DQFRUD GXUDQWH OD VHFRQGD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH
O
RWWXUDWRUH JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH HUD LO VLVWHPD SL XVDWR 'HL PRGHOOL
VRSUD FLWDWL LO SL DYDQ]DWR HUD TXHOOR VYL]]HUR KD XQ VHUEDWRLR WX
ERODUHSRVWRVRWWRODFDQQDHFRQWHQHQWHGRGLFLFROSLFKHKDQQRO
XQL
FRGLIHWWRGLHVVHUHDLQQHVFRDQXODUHLQSUDWLFDQRQULFDULFDELOL
, WHFQLFLG
DUWLJOLHULDLWDOLDQLGLPRVWUDURQRDQFRUD XQD YROWD OD ORUR
SDXUDGHOOHQRYLWjDGRWWDQGRLO9HWWHUOLQHO PDVHQ]D VHUEDWRLR
XQLFDFRQFHVVLRQHDOODPRGHUQLWjHUDO
LPSLHJRGLXQDFDUWXFFLDDLQ
QHVFRFHQWUDOH/HGXHPRGLILFKHHUDQRFRPXQTXHGHWWDWHGDOORVSLULWR
G
HFRQRPLD DOORUD LPSHUDQWH 4XLQWLQR 6HOOD SDVVDWR DOOD VWRULD VR
SUDWWXWWRSHUODVXDSROLWLFDGHOODOHVLQDVHGHYDLQ TXHJOLDQQLSHU OD
WHU]DYROWDDOGLFDVWHURGHOOHILQDQ]H,OVROGDWRQRQ GRYHYDSRWHUVSD
UDUHSLGLGLHFLFROSLDOPLQXWRHLERVVROLGLSUH]LRVRUDPHGRYHYDQR
SRWHUHVVHUHULFDULFDWL

)LJXUD OD )XFLOH PRGHOOR 9HWWHUOL YLVWR GL ILDQFR H GDOO
DOWR )L
JXUD D)XFLOH PRGHOOR 9HWWHUOL9LWDOL)LJXUDDPRVFKHWWR GD
WUXSSH VSHFLDOL PRGHOOR 9HWWHUOL)LJXUD DPRVFKHWWR GD FDYDO
OHULDPRGHOOR9HWWHUOLFRQODEDLRQHWWDDFDO]DFDSRYROWD
6ROR GXH VLVWHPL QRQ D FDWHQDFFLR LQFRQWUDURQR VXFFHVVR LO 0DU
WLQL3HDERG\+HQU\ D EORFFR GLVFHQGHQWH D]LRQDWR GD XQD OHYD H LO

5HPLQJWRQDEORFFRUXRWDQWH,OSULPRIXDGRWWDWRGD*UDQ%UHWDJQDH
7XUFKLD LO VHFRQGR GDOOD JXDUGLD QD]LRQDOH GL TXDOFKH 6WDWR GHOOD
FRQIHGHUD]LRQHDPHULFDQDGD6SDJQD$UJHQWLQD 'DQLPDUFD 6YH]LD

1RUYHJLD(JLWWR6WDWR3RQWLILFLR
&RPXQTXHLOVLVWHPDDFDWHQDFFLRVLDIIHUPzGHOWXWWRFRQODTXDUWD
QRYLWjGHOFLQTXDQWHQQLRLOIXFLOHDULSHWL]LRQHSHUORSLDVHUEDWRLR
WXERODUHGLIIXVRVLQHJOLDQQL2WWDQWD*HUPDQLDH7XUFKLDDGRWWDURQR
LO 0DXVHU PRGHOOR 6YH]LD1RUYHJLD LO -DUPDQQ LO

*LDSSRQHLO0XUDWDOD)UDQFLDLO/HEHO4XHVWLGXHXOWLPL
IXFLOLKDQQRJLjLOFDOLEURGLVROLPLOOLPHWULLQROWUHLO/HEHOIXODSUL
PDDUPDGDIXRFRG
RUGLQDQ]DDVSDUDUHFDUWXFFHDSROYHUHVHQ]DIX
PR XQ HYHQWR FKH VFRQYROVH OD WDWWLFD H
XQLIRUPRORJLD ,O FRQFHWWR
GHO IXRFR GL ILOD YHQQH VRVWLWXLWR GD TXHOOR GHJOL VEDO]L FRQ VIUXWWD
PHQWRGHOWHUUHQRHSRFRDSRFROHUXWLODQWLXQLIRUPLHLSHQQDFFKLOD
VFLDURQRLOSRVWRDGLYLVHFDFKLIHOGJUDXJULJLRYHUGLHEOHXKRUL]RQ
SHUUDJLRQLPLPHWLFKHILQRDOORUDLQHVLVWHQWLSHUFKpEDVWDYDLOELRFFROR
GLIXPRELDQFRXVFLWRGDOODFDQQDGLXQIXFLOHVSDUDQWHDSROYHUHQHUD
SHU ULYHODUH OH SRVL]LRQL GL XQ UHSDUWR /D SDOORWWROD GHO QXRYR IXFLOH
IUDQFHVH GL SLRPER ULYHVWLWR FRQ XQD OHJD GL UDPH H QLFKHO GHWWD
PDLOOHFKRUWDYHYDTXDOLWjEDOLVWLFKHVXSHULRULDTXHOOHGHOOHFDUWXFFH
GHOOH DOWUH QD]LRQL /
LQFDPLFLDWXUD GHO SURLHWWLOH HUD VWDWD LQYHQWDWD
GDOPDJJLRUH5XELQGHOO
HVHUFLWRVYL]]HURFKHO
DGRWWzVRORQHO
, IXFLOL D VHUEDWRLR WXERODUH KDQQR XQD FDSDFLWj GL PXQL]LRQL DE
EDVWDQ]DHOHYDWDWUDRWWRHGRGLFLFROSLHLQFHUWLFDVLDQFKHGLSL
PDXQDYROWDVFDULFKLSHUULFDULFDUOLRFFRUUHXQWHPSR PDJJLRUHFKH
SHUVSDUDUHWXWWHOHFDUWXFFH/
,WDOLDIXODSULPDQD]LRQHDULVROYHUHLO
SUREOHPDGHOULHPSLPHQWRVLPXOWDQHRGHOVHUEDWRLRDGRWWDQGR XQ WL
SRGLVFDWRODFHQWUDOHILVVD FKHLO PDJJLRUH G

DUWLJOLHULDLQJHJQHU *LX
VHSSH9LWDOLDYHYDGLVHJQDWRLVSLUDQGRVLDTXHOOREUHYHWWDWRGDOO
DPHUL

FDQR-DPHV3DULV/HHQHO/DVFDWRODVHUEDWRLR GHO9HWWHUOL9LWDOL
PRGHOORKDVXOIRQGRXQDPROODDVSLUDOHFRQXQHOHYDWRUHVSLQ
JHQWH OH FDUWXFFH TXDWWUR LQ FRUULVSRQGHQ]D GHO FLOLQGURRWWXUDWRUH
FKHFRVuSXzPDQPDQRLQILODUOHQHOODFDPHUDGLVFRSSLR(VVHSRVVR
QR HVVHUHLQWURGRWWH D TXDWWUR SHU YROWD PHGLDQWH LO FDULFDWRUH FRVWL
WXLWRGDXQWHODLHWWRGLOHJQRHODWWDHQWURFXLVRQRGLVSRVWHXQDVRSUD
O
DOWUD,,FDULFDWRUHYLHQHLQILODWRQHOVHUEDWRLRHSRL ULWLUDWR PHGLDQWH
XQFRUGLQRILVVDWRDOODVXDSDUWHVXSHULRUHOHTXDWWURFDUWXFFHUHVWD
QR FRVu QHO VHUEDWRLR ,O IXFLOH VL SRWHYD FDULFDUH GXQTXH PROWR UDSL
GDPHQWHPDODSDOODGLSLRPERQRQULYHVWLWRFDOLEURHUD
,QDOWRSDUWLFRODUHGHOIXFLOH9HWWHUOL9LWDOL,QEDVVRDVLQLVWUDVSDFFDWR
GHOORVWHVVR,QEDVVRDGHVWUDFDULFDWRUH9LWDOL

EDOLVWLFDPHQWHPROWR LQIHULRUHD TXHOOD GHO /HEHO O

DGR]LRQH QHO
GLXQDFDUWXFFLDGLGLPHQVLRQLLGHQWLFKHPDFDULFDWDDSROYHUHVHQ]D
IXPR OD EDOLVWLWH GL 1REHO H FRQ XQ SURLHWWLOH LQFDPLFLDWR SRUWz OD
YHORFLWjLQL]LDOHFLRqPLVXUDWDDOO
XVFLWDGDOODERFFDGHOO
DUPDGD
PHWUL DO VHFRQGR D PD QRQ FRVWLWXu XQ PLJOLRUDPHQWR VRGGLVID
FHQWH
/DFRQFH]LRQHSUHYDOHQWHHUDRUPDLTXHOOD GHO IXFLOHGL FDOLEURQRQ
VXSHULRUH DJOL RWWR PLOOLPHWUL FRQ VHUEDWRLR FHQWUDOH DOLPHQWD]LRQH

VLPXOWDQHDDFDULFDWRUHSURLHWWLOHLQFDPLFLDWRSROYHUHVHQ]D IXPR,O
SULPR IXFLOH FKH HEEH WXWWH TXHVWH FDUDWWHULVWLFKH IX LO 0DQQOLFKHU
PRGHOORDGRWWDWRGDOO
$XVWULDO
RWWXUDWRUHqDVHPSOLFH WUD]LRQH
FLRqQRQGHYHHVVHUHD]LRQDWRDQFKHJLUDQGRLOPDQXEULR1HOORVWHVVR
DQQR OD *HUPDQLD DGRWWz LO VHUEDWRLR FHQWUDOH H LO FDULFDWRUH 0DQQOL
FKHUSHUXQ0DXVHUPRGLILFDWRGHWWR0DXVHU.RPPLVVLRQ/D)UDQ
FLD VL DIIUHWWz DG DIILDQFDUH DO /HEHO XQD VHULH GL PRVFKHWWL H IXFLOL
DOLPHQWDWL FRQ FDULFDWRUL H FKLDPDWL 0DQQOLFKHU%HUWKLHU DSHUWD GDO

PRXVTXHWRQPRGHOOR/D*UDQ%UHWDJQDDEEDQGRQzILQDOPHQWH
LO0DUWLQL+HQU\ PRQRFROSRHDEORFFRFDGHQWH SHU XQIXFLOH D ULSHWL

]LRQH VLVWHPD/HH0HWIRUGD RWWRFROSL FDOLEUR PP D VHU
EDWRLR FHQWUDOH VWDFFDELOH O
DOLPHQWD]LRQH QRQ HUD VLPXOWDQHD H VROR
QHOGLFHPEUHFRPSDUYHOR6KRUW0RGHO/HH(QILHOGFDULFDELOHFRQ
GXHSLDVWULQHGD FLQTXH FROSL O

XQD FKH YHQLYDQR VYXRWDWH QHO VHUED
WRLR
,Q ,WDOLD VXELWR GRSR OD FRPSDUVDGHO 0DQQOLFKHU DXVWULDFR VL HUD
FDSLWR FKH LO 9HWWHUOL9LWDOL HUD DPSLDPHQWH VXSHUDWR H DOOD ILQH GHO
LO PLQLVWHUR GHOOD *XHUUD LQFDULFz OD FRPPLVVLRQH GHOOH DUPL

SRUWDWLOL LVWLWXLWD DOOD VFXROD GL WLUR GL IDQWHULD GL 3DUPD GL VWXGLDUH
XQQXRYRIXFLOHLQJUDGRGLFRPSHWHUHFRQTXHOOLDGRWWDWLGDOOHSRWHQ]H
FRQILQDQWL3UHVLGHQWHGHOODFRPPLVVLRQHHUDLOJHQHUDOH*XVWDYR3DU
UDYLFLQRSURYHQLHQWHGDOO
DUWLJOLHULDHFRPDQGDQWHODVFXRODGL3DUPD
VHJUHWDULRHUDLOPDJJLRUHG
DUWLJOLHULD$QWRQLR%HQHGHWWLSHUPROWLDQ
QL DGGHWWRDOOD IDEEULFD G
DUPLGL %UHVFLD, SULPLHVSHULPHQWL IXURQR
FRPSLXWLDGDWWDQGRFDQQHGDPPHDVLVWHPLG
RWWXUD]LRQH9HW
WHUOL,OPDJJLRUH%HQHGHWWLVRVWHQQHODFRQYHQLHQ]DGLDGRWWDUHXQFD
OLEUR SL SLFFROR IUD PP H LQ TXHVWR PRGR VL VDUHEEH SRWXWR
XOWHULRUPHQWHDXPHQWDUHLOQXPHURGLFDUWXFFHFKHRJQLVROGDWRSRWH
YDSRUWDUH(UDVWDWDSURSULRTXHVWDROWUHDOODQHFHVVLWjGLDXPHQWDUH
ODSRUWDWDHODSHQHWUD]LRQHODUDJLRQHSHUFXLVLHUDGHFLVRGLDEEDQ
GRQDUHLOFDOLEUR 1HO D 'RJDOLL FLQTXHFHQWRIDQWLGL 'H
&ULVWRIRULVDUPDWLGL9HWWHUOLPRGHOORHFRQXQPXQL]LRQDPHQWR
GLRWWDQWDFROSLD WHVWD DYHYDQRVSDUDWRLQFHVVDQWHPHQWH SHU WUH RUH
SULPDGLHVDXULUHOHFDUWXFFHHYHQLUHPDVVDFUDWL,QIOLVVHURDJOLDELV
VLQLFLUFDPLOOHFLQTXHFHQWRSHUGLWHFKHLQGXVVHUR5DV$OXODDGHVLVWHUH
GDOO
DWWDFFRFRQWUR0DVVDXDPDVHDYHVVHURDYXWRSLPXQL]LRQLIRU
VHVH ODVDUHEEHURFDYDWD
$OO
LGHDGHOPDJJLRUH%HQHGHWWLVLRSSRQHYDQROHGLIILFROWjGLFRVWUX
]LRQHG
XQSURLHWWLOHFRVuSLFFROR LO IDFLOH FDSRYROJLPHQWRGHOOD SDOORW
WRODQHOO
DULDHO
RSLQLRQHFRQWUDULDGLXQHVSHUWRFRPH0DXVHU7XWWD
YLDULVROWHOHGLIILFROWjWHFQLFKHGLSURGX]LRQHGHOOHFDUWXFFH%HQHGHWWL
IHFHFRVWUXLUHGDOODIDEEULFDG
DUPLGL%UHVFLDFDQQHGDVHLPLOOLPHWULH
GDVHL PLOOLPHWULH PH]]R *OL HVSHULPHQWLGLPRVWUDURQR FKHLOSURLHW

WLOH GL SLFFROR FDOLEUR HUD GXUDQWH OD WUDLHWWRULD WDQWR VWDELOH TXDQWR
TXHOOLDYHQWLXQGLDPHWURVXSHULRUHGLTXDOFKHPLOOLPHWUR )X LQGHWWR

XQ SULPR FRQFRUVR FXL YHQQHUR SUHVHQWDWL TXLQGLFL IXFLOL G

LQYHQWRUL
LWDOLDQLHVWUDQLHULWUDFXLLOPDJJLRUH*LXVHSSH9LWDOLLOFDSLWDQR*LR
YDQQL %HUWROGR JLj QRWR SHU DYHU DSSOLFDWR XQ VHUEDWRLR WXERODUH GD
RWWRFROSLDO9HWWHUOLPRGLILFDDGRWWDWDGDOOD5HJLD0DULQD 3HWHU3DXO
0DXVHUH-DPHV3DULV/HH1HOODVHGXWDIUDLOHLOGLFHPEUH
ODFRPPLVVLRQHOLUHVSLQVHWXWWL 4XDWWUR PHVL GRSR DGRWWzGHILQLWLYD

PHQWH LO FDOLEUR $OWUL GLHFL PRGHOOL GL RWWXUDWRUH H VLVWHPD GL UL
SHWL]LRQHYHQQHURUHVSLQWLQHLPHVLVXFFHVVLYL
,O JHQHUDOH *XVWDYR 3DUUDYLFLQR SUHVLGHQWH GHOOD FRPPLVVLRQH FKH

VWXGLzHDGRWWzLOPRGHOORDVLQLVWUD
,OWHQHQWHFRORQQHOOR3LHWUR*DUHOOL&RORPERVHJUHWDULRGHOODVWHVVD
FRPPLVVLRQHDGHVWUD

,, VHWWHPEUH YLVWR FKH GDL PRGHOOL ILQR D TXHO PRPHQWR
SUHVHQWDWL QRQ VL HUD SRWXWR FDYDUH QXOOD GL EXRQR OD FRPPLVVLRQH
GHFLVHGLDIILGDUHDOOHIDEEULFKHG
DUPLGHOOR6WDWRORVWXGLRGHOQXRYR
IXFLOH1HOIUDWWHPSRLOWHQHQWHFRORQQHOOR3LHWUR*DUHOOL&RORPER DYHYD
VRVWLWXLWR%HQHGHWWLTXDOHVHJUHWDULRHVLHUDDFFRUWRFKHGRSR DOFXQH
FHQWLQDLDGLFROSLODULJDWXUDGHOOHFDQQHQHOWUDWWRYLFLQRDOODFDPHUD
GLVFRSSLR HUDIRUWHPHQWHFRQVXPDWD (JOL DGGHELWzOD FDXVDGLTXH

VWRLQFRQYHQLHQWHDOSDVVRGHOOHULJKHHOLFRLGDOLWURSSRFRUWR7DOYROWD
VL YHULILFDYD DQFKH OD ODFHUD]LRQH GHO PHWDOOR GL ULYHVWLPHQWR GHO
SURLHWWLOH,FRORQQHOOR*DUHOOLSHQVzGLULVROYHUHLOSUREOHPDDGRWWDQ
GR OD ULJDWXUD SURJUHVVLYD LQ FXL LO SDVVR VFHQGH GD XQ JLUR LQ
FHQWLPHWULVXELWRGRSRODFDPHUDGLVFRSSLRDXQJLURLQFHQWLPHWUL
DOOD YRODWD /
LQFOLQD]LRQHLQL]LDOHGHOOH ULJKH qGL GXHJUDGL H DOOD YR
ODWDUDJJLXQJHLFLQTXHJUDGLHFLQTXDQWDSULPL
1HO IHEEUDLRPDU]R FRPSDUYH VX ,O *LRUQR XQD VHULH GL QRYH
DUWLFROLILUPDWDGD$QJHOR)XVFRHLQWLWRODWD,OURPDQ]RGHOQHLUL
FRUGLGHOVXRLQYHQWRUHJHQHUDOH0XULFFKLR)XVFRSUHQGHYDORVSXQWR
GDOIDWWRFKHDOFXQLJLRUQLSULPDUDSSUHVHQWDQWL GHO7LUR D 6HJQR 1D

]LRQDOH VL HUDQR UHFDWL D FRQVHJQDUH DO JHQHUDOH 9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR
DOORUD QRYDQWDVHLHQQH QHOOD VXD DELWD]LRQH JHQRYHVH GL 6DOLWD 6DQ

W
$QQDXQDWDUJDG
RURPRQWDWDVXPDUPRQHURHUHFDQWHODVFULWWD
8,76$OJHQHUDOH9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR LGHDWRUHGHOIXFLOH'RSR
DYHULQWHUYLVWDWRLOJHQHUDOHLOJLRUQDOLVWDQHWUDFFLDYDODELRJUDILD UL
IHULYDDOFXQLHSLVRGLDVXRSDUHUHVDOLHQWLGHOODJHQHVLGHOIXFLOHHVR
SUDWWXWWRULHYRFDYDJOLROWUHFLQTXDQW
DQQLGLVWRULDSDWULDGLFXLLOPR
GHOORHUDVWDWRSURWDJRQLVWD$OPRPHQWR GHOODFRQVHJQDGHOODWDU
JDLOJHQHUDOH0XULFFKLRULQJUD]LzHGLVVH9HUDPHQWHQRQPLVHPEUD

HVDWWRGHILQLUPLLQYHQWRUHGHOIXFLOH6DUHEEHSLSUHFLVRGLUHFK
LR
VRQRO
XOWLPRVXSHUVWLWHGLXQJUXSSRGLPLOLWDULFKHVWXGLDURQRLOSUR
EOHPDHORULVROVHURLQPDQLHUDDEEDVWDQ]DVRGGLVIDFHQWH,OPHULWRGL
DYHUH LGHDWR XQ
DUPD LQGLYLGXDOHGLSLFFROR FDOLEURSUHFLVD H PDQHJ
JHYROHLQVHJXLWRLPLWDWDGDPROWHQD]LRQLQRQVSHWWDDPHVSHWWDDO
O
HVHUFLWRLWDOLDQR
)XVFR QHOO
DUWLFROR DJJLXQVH FKH D 9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR VSHWWD OD
SDWHUQLWjEDOLVWLFDGHOO
DUPD)XOXLFLRqDLGHDUQHODFDQQD FDOL
EURULJDWXUDSDUDEROLFDDQ]LFKpDVSLUDOLXQLIRUPL6HQ]DFRQWDUH
FKH DOOR VSLULWR G

RVVHUYD]LRQH GHO JHQHUDOH QHOOR VWHVVR ELHQQLR
O
HVHUFLWR GRYHWWH OD SUDWLFLVVLPD ELODQFLD LGURVWDWLFD SHU
SHVDUHOHFDULFKHGLHVSORVLYRVLFGHOOHFDUWXFFHLOULIOHWWRUHSDUDER

OLFR H OD QLFKHODWXUD GHOOH SDOORWWROH 4XHVWH GXH XOWLPH LQYHQ]LRQL
VRQROHXQLFKHVSLHJDWHGLIIXVDPHQWHQHOODVHULHGLDUWLFROL
9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR QDFTXH D 3RUWRFDQQRQH LQ SURYLQFLD GL &DP
SREDVVRLOGLFHPEUH1HOIXDPPHVVRDOODVFXRODPLOL
WDUHGHOOD1XQ]LDWHOODD1DSROLHVHLDQQLGRSRHEEHLOJUDGRGLVRWWR
WHQHQWH 1HO TXDQGR HUD FDSLWDQR G

DUWLJOLHULD IX GHVWLQDWR DO
O
2IILFLQD 0LOLWDUH 3LURWHFQLFD GL %RORJQD XQR VWDELOLPHQWR FKH VRU
JHYDD3RUWD0D]]LQLHLPSLHJDYDGXHPLODRSHUDLGLFXLGXHWHU]LGRQ
QH XQD EHOOD FLIUD SHU TXHOO
HSRFD GDWR FKH HUD VXSHULRUH D TXHOOD
GHOOH PDHVWUDQ]H RFFXSDWH DOO

$QVDOGR GL *HQRYD 0XULFFKLR IX DV
VHJQDWRDOO
XIILFLR0HWDOOLFKHDYHYDLOFRPSLWRGLFDOFRODUHHVDJJLDUH
O
HIILFLHQ]D GHL PDWHULDOL LPSLHJDWL QHOOD FRQIH]LRQH GHOOH FDUWXFFH LQ
UDSSRUWRDJOLHIIHWWLEDOLVWLFL/
XIILFLRHUDDOOHSUHVHFROSUREOHPDGHOOD
IRU]D GLURPSHQWH GHOOD EDOLVWLWH LO QXRYR SURSHOOHQWH VHQ]D IXPR FKH
DYHYDVRVWLWXLWRODSROYHUHQHUDQHOOHFDUWXFFHGD9HWWHUOLODFDUWXFFLD
PRGHOOR DJJLXQJLDPRQRL 'XUDQWH OH SURYH WURSSR VSHVVR L ERV

VROL G
RWWRQH FHGHYDQR H SURYRFDYDQR OR VFRSSLR GHO IXFLOH /D FDXVD
HUDGDWDGDPLQLPHLQFULQDWXUHFKHOHRSHUDLHDGGHWWHDOFRQWUROORGHL
ERVVROLQRQULXVFLYDQRDVFRUJHUHDFDXVDGHOODOXFHILRFDFKHULVFKLD
UDYDORVWDELOLPHQWR0XULFFKLRULVROVHLOSUREOHPDDYYLWDQGROHSULPL
WLYHHGHEROLODPSDGLQHHOHWWULFKHG
DOORUDLQXQDFRQFKLJOLDIRGHUDWDGL
PHWDOOR OXFLGDWR D VSHFFKLR FKH QH TXLQWXSOLFDYD OD OXPLQRVLWj DS

SXQWRLOULIOHWWRUHSDUDEROLFR
$ 0XULFFKLR GRSR TXHVWR VXFFHVVR LO FRORQQHOOR *DUDX FDSR GHO
UHSDUWR VSHULPHQWDOH DIILGz VHPSUH VHFRQGR LO )XVFR LO FRPSLWR GL

VWXGLDUH LO QXRYR IXFLOH GL SLFFROR FDOLEUR $JOL LQL]L GHO LO FDSL
WDQRSUHVHQWzDOFRORQQHOORLOSURJHWWRGLXQ FDOLEUR D ULJDWXUD SD

UDEROLFDLFXLGLVHJQLIXURQRWUDVPHVVLLQJUDQVHJUHWRDOO
DUPHULDGL
7HUQL'XHPHVLGRSRQHOODSULPDYHUDGHODUULYDURQRD%RORJQD
L SULPL GXH IXFLOL GL SLFFROR FDOLEUR DGDWWDWL LQ YLD SURYYLVRULD DOOD
FDVVDGHO:HWHUOLVLF)XURQRSURYDWLDOSROLJRQRFRQFDUWXFFH DSSR

VLWDPHQWHIDEEULFDWHHSHVDQWLFLUFDJUDPPL3HULSULPLFLQTXDQWD
FHQWRWLULLOQXRYRIXFLOHIXQ]LRQDYDLQPRGRLGHDOHPDYHUVRL GXH
FHQWRDFDQQDFDOGDODVSLQWDSRVVHQWHGHOODEDOLVWLWHFRPELQDWDFRQ

O
DFFHOHUD]LRQHSDUDEROLFDSURYRFDYDODIUDQWXPD]LRQHGHOODSDOORWWROD
GLSLRPER,QFHUWLFDVLLOSURLHWWLOHYHQLYDTXDVLSROYHUL]]DWR&RPHVL
YHGHTXHVWDYHUVLRQHFRQWUDVWDFRQTXHOODGDQRLULIHULWDHTXHOFKH
SL FRQWD EDVDWDVX WHVWLVDFUL FRPHLO 0RQW H LO /DVFLQR VHFRQGR
FXL LO SURLHWWLOH HUD JLj LQFDPLFLDWR H YHQLYD VWUDFFLDWR GDOOD ULJDWXUD
SURSULRSHUFKpTXHVWDQRQHUDSURJUHVVLYDPDHOLFRLGDOHFRQXQSDVVR
PROWRFRUWR&RPXQTXHVHFRQGR)XVFR 0XULFFKLRSHQVz GL ULVROYHUH
LO SUREOHPD IDFHQGR ULYHVWLUH L SURLHWWLOL GL SLRPER FRQ XQD FDPLFLD
G
DFFLDLR 0D LO PLQLVWUR GHOOD JXHUUD %HUWROp 9LDOH H LO FDSR GL VWDWR
PDJJLRUH &RVHQ] ERFFLDURQR OD SURSRVWD SHUFKp OD &RQYHQ]LRQH GL
*LQHYUD KD VWDELOLWR FKH QRQ VL SRVVRQR XVDUH SDOORWWROH GL IHUUR R
G
DFFLDLRSHUFKpSRVVRQRDUUXJJLQLUHHLQIHWWDUHOHIHULWH
VXSHUIOXR QRWDUH TXDQWR TXHVWD VWRULD VLD IDQWDVLRVD $ SDUWH LO
IDWWRFKHHVLVWRQRQXPHURVHPXQL]LRQLFROSURLHWWLOHULYHVWLWRG
DFFLDLR
RVVLGDELOHFRPHDGHVHPSLRTXHOOHDXVWULDFKHSHUOR6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU
PRGHOOR R SHUOD SLVWROD 6WH\U PRGHOOR RFRPHTXHOOH LWD

OLDQHSHULOPLWUD%HUHWWDFDOLEUR3DUDEHOOXPQHULVXOWHUHEEHFKHOD
&RQYHQ]LRQHGL*LQHYUDYLHWDO
XVRGLDUPLELDQFKHGDWRFKHEDLRQHWWH
H VFLDEROH SRVVRQRDUUXJJLQLUH $GRJQLPRGR )XVFR VFULVVH FKH 0X

ULFFKLRULVROVHDQFRUDXQDYROWDLOSUREOHPDVXJJHUHQGRODQLFKHODWXUD
GHOSURLHWWLOH LVSLUDWDJOL GD XQ
DYYHQWXUD JDODQWH FKH ULVSDUPLDPR DO
OHWWRUHQRWRFKHODSDOODGHOSHUPROWLDQQLIXULYHVWLWDGLPDLO
OHFKRUW OD VWHVVD OHJDGL UDPH H QLFKHO DGRWWDWD GDL IUDQFHVL SHU OH
PXQL]LRQLGHO/HEHOPRGHOOR
/DVWRULDGL)XVFRDSSDUHTXLQGLGHFLVDPHQWHLQDWWHQGLELOHDSDU

WHLOIDWWRFKHqLQILFLDWDGDDOFXQLJURVVLVYDULRQL/DSULPDSXQWDWDq
LOOXVWUDWD GD XQD IRWR VX TXLQGLFL FRORQQH GHO IXFLOH EULWDQQLFR
/HH(QILHOG 1R0DUN,LOFKHqXQSR
VWUDQRSHUXQDVHULHGHGLFDWD
DO4XDOFXQRSUREDELOPHQWHDYYHUWuODUHGD]LRQHGH,O*LRUQRSHU
FKpGRSRODWHU]DSXQWDWDFRPSDUYHILQDOPHQWHLOIXFLOHIRWRJUDIDWR
VXL GXH ODWL )XVFR SRL GDWD QHO LO FROODXGR GHOOR &KDVVHSRW HI
IHWWXDWRGDLIUDQFHVLFRQWURLJDULEDOGLQLD0HQWDQDQHOHDIIHUPD
FKHODSUHVDGL3RUWD3LDDYYHQQHQHO
/
(QFLFORSHGLD0LOLWDUHDEEDVWDQ]DDWWHQGLELOHSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGD
OHDUPLLWDOLDQHULSRUWDFKH0XULFFKLR IXGLUHWWRUHG
DUWLJOLHULDD0HV
VLQDHQRQSDUODDIIDWWRGLXQDVXDDWWLYLWjLQTXDOFKHPRGRFRQQHVVD
DOQXRYRIXFLOHLQROWUHVWUDQRFKHHVVHQGRLODOORVWXGLRD3DUPD
H QHOOH IDEEULFKHGDUPL YHQLVVH DIILGDWD OD SURJHWWD]LRQH GHOOD FDQQD
DO 3LURWHFQLFR GL %RORJQD FKH DYUHEEH GRYXWR RFFXSDUVL VROR GL FDU
WXFFH $G RJQL PRGR QHVVXQD GHOOH SL DWWHQGLELOL IRQWL VXOOD JHQHVL
GHOGDOODPRQXPHQWDOH6WRULDGHOO
DUWLJOLHULDLWDOLDQDGHOJHQHUDOH

&DUOR0RQWDOSDUWLFRODUHJJLDWRPDQXDOHGL$QWRQLQR&DVFLQR,OWL
UR JOL HVSORVLYL H OH DUPL GHOOD IDQWHULD DFFHQQD DO FDSLWDQR 0XULF
FKLR0ROWLIRUVHVLFKLHGHUDQQRSHUFKpDEELDPRYROXWRGHGLFDUHWDQWR
VSD]LRDOODFRQIXWD]LRQHGLTXHVWDVWRULD/DUDJLRQHqXQDVRODLWHVWL
FKHDEELDPRFLWDWRVRQRUDULDOODSRUWDWDVRORGLVSHFLDOLVWLPHQWUHJOL
DUWLFROLGL )XVFR KDQQR DYXWRXQD GLIIXVLRQH GL DOPHQR GXHFHQWRFLQ

TXDQWDPLODFRSLHHODVXDYHUVLRQHDYUHEEHSRWXWRILQLUHFROSUHYDOHUH
IXRU GL GXEELR FKH LO PHULWR GHOO

DGR]LRQH GHOOD ULJDWXUD SUR
JUHVVLYDVSHWWDDOVHJUHWDULRGHOODFRPPLVVLRQHPDJJLRUH*DUHOOL1HO
O
DJRVWR GHO IXURQRHVHJXLWL WLUL FRPSDUDWLYL IUD OH GXH ULJDWXUH
FRQODSURJUHVVLYDVLHEEHURULVXOWDWLPROWRVRGGLVIDFHQWLHVXSHULRULD
TXHOOLRWWHQXWL FRQ O
HOLFRLGDOH ,QWDQWR LO PDJJLRUH 9LWDOLDYHYDSURSR
VWR SURLHWWLOL LQWHUDPHQWH GL RWWRQHSHU RYYLDUH DOOR VIDVFLDPHQWR PD
JOL HVSHULPHQWL IXURQR VIDYRUHYROL H YHQQH FRQIHUPDWD O

DGR]LRQH GL
SURLHWWLOL FRQ XQ QXFOHR GL SLRPER ULYHVWLWR GL PDLOOHFKRUW 3HU OH
FDQQHHLPHFFDQLVPLGLFKLXVXUDHVFDWWRIXURQRPHVVLDOODSURYDGL
YHUVL DFFLDL IX VFHOWR O
DFFLDLR FRPSUHVVR GHOOD GLWWD 3ROGKXWWH QHO
VREERUJRSUDJKHVHGL.ODGQR
&RQWLQXDYDQR QHO IUDWWHPSR D JLXQJHUH PRGHOOL GL LQYHQWRUL VWUD
QLHUL H LWDOLDQL DOWUL TXDUDQWDFLQTXH IXURQR VFDUWDWL H VL WHQQHUR LQ

FRQVLGHUD]LRQH VROR TXHOOL SURGRWWL GDOOH IDEEULFKH G
DUPL GL 7RULQR
%UHVFLD H 7RUUH $QQXQ]LDWD 'DSSULPD OD FRPPLVVLRQH DYHYD IDWWR
HVHJXLUHJOLHVSHULPHQWLVXRWWXUDWRUL9HWWHUOLDSSRVLWDPHQWHFRVWUXLWL
PD EHQ SUHVWR FLVLDFFRUVH FKH WDOH VLVWHPD GL FKLXVXUD QRQ SRWHYD
VHUYLUH SHU OH FDQQH GL SLFFROR FDOLEUR VRJJHWWH D JUDQGL SUHVVLRQL
SHUFKpLOFLOLQGURFRQO
DSSRJJLRSRVWHULRUHHORQWDQRGDOIRQGHOORQRQ
UHVLVWHYD9LHQH SHUz GD FKLHGHUVLSHUFKp QHO PROWL 9HWWHUOL IX

URQR WUDVIRUPDWL LQ FDOLEUR SHU RYYLDUH DOOD VFDUVLWj GL IXFLOL PR
GHOOR GHULYDQWH GDOOD PRELOLWD]LRQH JHQHUDOH &HUWR QRQ q FKH QHO
IUDWWHPSRODVWDJLRQDWXUDDYHVVHUHVRSLUREXVWLHGHIILFLHQWLLFRQJH
JQL GL FKLXVXUD &RPXQTXH OD FRPPLVVLRQH VFDUWz LO 9HWWHUOL H HVD
PLQDWLWXWWLLVLVWHPLG
RWWXUD]LRQHVWXGLDWLLQ,WDOLDHDOO
HVWHURSURSR
VHDOPLQLVWHURGHOODJXHUUDGLLQGLUHXQFRQFRUVR
,OWHUPLQHXWLOH SHUODSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHLPRGHOOL IXILVVDWRDOGL
FHPEUH &RQFRUVHUR ROWUH DO FDSLWDQR %HUWROGR DO PDJJLRUH
)UHGGLHDOPDJJLRUH9LWDOLDQFKHLOEDURQH)HUGLQDQGYRQ0DQQOLFKHU
H3HWHU3DXO0DXVHULIXFLOLGHLTXDOLYHQLYDQRLQTXHJOLDQQLDGRWWDWL
,OPDJJLRUH*LXVHSSH9LWDOL
,OFDSRWHFQLFR6DOYDWRUH&DUFDQR
LQTXDVLWXWWLLSDHVLGHOPRQGRGDOO
$UJHQWLQDDOOD&LQDGDOOD&R
ORPELDDOOD6HUELDGDOOD%ROLYLDDOOD5RPDQLDGDOO
2ODQGDDOO
(FXD

GRUGDOOD6SDJQDDO0HVVLFRGDO&LOHDO3RUWRJDOOR3HUUDJLRQLGLVH
JUHWH]]DD0DXVHUHDYRQ0DQQOLFKHUYHQQHURGDWHROWUHDGDOFXQH
FDUWXFFHGDOERVVRORRUODWRFDQQHFDOLEURDULJDWXUDHOLFRLGDOHVL
YROHYDHYLWDUHFKHVLGLIIRQGHVVHO
LQYHQ]LRQHGHOOHULJKHSURJUHVVLYH
)XURQRLQFDULFDWHGLFRQFRUUHUHDQFKHOHTXDWWURIDEEULFKHGDUPLQD
]LRQDOLTXHOOHFLRqGL7RULQR%UHVFLD7RUUH$QQXQ]LDWDH7HUQL
$OOD ILQHIXURQRVFHOWLLOPRGHOOR SUHVHQWDWRGDOODIDEEULFDGDUPLGL
7RULQR H VROR SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD LO VLVWHPD G

DOLPHQWD]LRQH LO
0DQQOLFKHU WHGHVFR PRGHOOR PHJOLR QRWR FRPH 0DXVHU .RPPLV

VLRQ&RPHFRQJHJQRGLRWWXUD]LRQHHQWUDPELLPRGHOOLDYHYDQRTXHOOR
SUHVHQWDWR GDOOD IDEEULFD GDUPL GL 7RULQR H VWXGLDWR GDO FDSRWHFQLFR
SULQFLSDOH GL TXHVW

DUVHQDOH 6DOYDWRUH &DUFDQR XQ RWWXUDWRUH FKH
QHOFRQJHJQRGLVLFXUH]]DGHULYDGDTXHOORDGRWWDWRQHO SHU WUD
VIRUPDUH D UHWURFDULFD H DG DFFHQVLRQH DG DJR L YHFFKL IXFLOL D EDF

FKHWWD SHU LO UHVWR q LVSLUDWR DO VLVWHPD 0DXVHU FRPH TXHVWR KD OH
DOHWWHIURQWDOLHLOSHUFXVVRUHVLDUPDDSSHQDYLHQHDO]DWRLOPDQXEULR
/DVWRULDGL6DOYDWRUH&DUFDQRqSLXWWRVWRVFLDOED1RQ FLWURYLDPR
GL IURQWH D XQ SHUVRQDJJLR HFFH]LRQDOH FRPH O

LQYHQWRUH GHOOD PLWUD
JOLDWULFHDXWRPDWLFD+LUDP0D[LPLOTXDOHIHFHGHFLQHGLPHVWLHULGDO
WRUQLWRUHLQOHJQRDOEDULVWDGDOGHFRUDWRUHDOSXJLOHHLOFXLJHQLRSR
OLHGULFR SURGXVVH HVWLQWRUL DXWRPDWLFL GHPDJQHWL]]DWRUL GL RURORJL
XQD SLWWXUD VRVWLWXWLYD GHOOD ODYDJQD SHU XVL VFRODVWLFL WUDSSROH SHU
WRSLVLVWHPLGLLOOXPLQD]LRQHDJDVHDHOHWWULFLWjSULPDGLGHGLFDUVLD
TXDOFRVDFKHSHUPHWWDDJOLHXURSHLGLVFDQQDUVLFRQPDJJLRUIDFLOLWj
&DUFDQR QRQ HEEH Qp OD PHQWDOLWjSXEEOLFLWDULD GL XQ &ROW Qp TXHOOD
FRPPHUFLDOHGL XQ %URZQLQJ3HU WXWWD OD YLWDIX XQ DUWLJLDQR &RPH

VFULVVH0RQWQHOVXRVWLOHVSHVVRSOHRQDVWLFR6DOYDWRUH&DUFDQRHE
EHQXPHURVDSURJHQLHGLEHQ GRGLFL ILJOL H WXWWD OD VXD YLWD YHQQH GD
OXLGHGLFDWDDOODYRURHDOODIDPLJOLD&DUDWWHUH ERQDULRH JLRYLDOH JR

GHWWHQRQVROWDQWRODVWLPDPDDOWUHVuODILGXFLDHO
DIIHWWRGLVXSHULRUL
FROOHJKLHGLQIHULRULWDQWRFKHHUDGRYHURVRULFRUGDUHTXHVWRODYRUDWRUH
PRGHVWR H IDWWLYR FKH QHL SHUIH]LRQDPHQWL GHOOH DUPL SRUWDWLOL ODVFLz
XQ
RUPDPDUFDWDHSURIRQGD
&DUFDQRHUDQDWRD9DUHVH QHO$GLHFLDQQLULPDVHRUIDQRGL
SDGUH HGRYHWWH DEEDQGRQDUHJOL VWXGLSHUDQGDUHD ODYRUDUH /

XQLFR
YHUR HSLVRGLR OXPLQRVR GHOOD VXD YLWD D SDUWH O

LGHD]LRQH GHOO
RW
WXUDWRUHSHULOIXFLOHG
RUGLQDQ]DLWDOLDQR FKH QRQ JOLGLHGHDOFXQOX
VWUR SHUFKp LQ SDWULD O
DUPD IX FRQRVFLXWD VROR FRPH PRGHOOR H
VROWDQWRDOO
HVWHURYHQQHFKLDPDWD0DQQOLFKHU&DUFDQR PDDQFKH
3DUUDYLFLQL0DXVHU IX OD VXD SDUWHFLSD]LRQH DOOH &LQTXH *LRUQDWH

GL0LODQR&LSLDFHLPPDJLQDUHLOJLRYDQH&DUFDQRFROYROWRVSRUFRGL
SROYHUHQHUD PHQWUHFRQXQYHFFKLRIXFLOHDSLHWUDIRFDLDIXOPLQDJOL
DXVWULDFL GDOOH EDUULFDWH GHO 9HU]LHUH &KLVVj FRVD DYUHEEHUR IDWWR GL

XQVLPLOHHSLVRGLRJOLVWRULFLDPHULFDQLGLDUPLYLVWRFKHLORURFRORULWL
SHUVRQDJJLVLWHQQHURVHPSUHDOODODUJDGDLFDPSLGLEDWWDJOLD"&DUFD
QRFRPEDWWpDQFKHGXUDQWHODSULPDFDPSDJQDG
LQGLSHQGHQ]D
'RSRODVFRQILWWD &DUFDQRFRPHPROWL ORPEDUGL FRPSURPHVVL FRQ
OD FDXVD GHOOD OLEHUWj HPLJUz LQ 3LHPRQWH GRYH QHO JHQQDLR IX
DVVHJQDWR DOOD FRPSDJQLD DUPDLROL GHO FRUSR UHDOH G

DUWLJOLHULD 'RSR
SRFRWHPSR IXQRPLQDWRDUWLVWDSRLFDSRUDOH HTXLQGLVHUJHQWH 1HO
PDQGDWR LQ FRQJHGR SHU ILQH IHUPD IX DVVXQWR TXDOH RSHUDLR
DOODIDEEULFDG
DUPLGL7RULQR4XDOFKHPHVHGRSRYHQQHQRPLQDWR

,O 1RYDQWXQR QHOOH FDUWROLQH1HOOD SDJLQD SUHFHGHQWH LQ DOWR D VLQL

VWUDXQD FDUWROLQD FRORUDWD GHOOD SULPD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH ,Q DOWR D GH
VWUDXQDVSOHQGLGDFDUWROLQDGL$FKLOOH%HOWUDPHGLVHJQDWD QHOOD VWHV
VD HSRFD ,Q EDVVR WUH IDQWLGHOOD VHFRQGD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH UDIILJXUDWL
GDXQDXWRUHWDQWRLJQRWDTXDQWRLQHVSHUWR$SDUWHOHSRVHUHWRULFKHGHL
VROGDWL L IXFLOL GD FDVWRUR LPSXJQDWL VRQR XQ PLVWR GL H GL
6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU PRGHOOR WDOL DUPL IXURQR GLVWULEXLWH SHU OR SL
DOOH QRVWUHWUXSSHLQGLJHQHHFRPXQTXHQRQDUHJJLPHQWLVFHOWLFRPHLO
H&LYLFD5DFFROWD6WDPSH%HUWDUHOOL
,QTXHVWDSDJLQDDVLQLVWUDXQ
DOWUDFDUWROLQDGL$FKLOOH %HOWUDPHLO
TXDOH FRPH VL YHGH DYHYD OD WHQGHQ]D DG DFFRUFLDUH XQ SR
WURSSR L
FDOFLGHL IXFLOL &RPXQTXHVLQRWLLOSDUWLFRODUH HVDWWR GHOOD ERUFKLD VXO
FDOFLRGHO0DXVHUODVFLDWRFDGHUHGDOVROGDWRWHGHVFR $ GHVWUDTXHOOD
FKH IRUVH qOD SLIDPRVD FDUWROLQD GHOOD SULPD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH GLVH
JQDWD GD 0DX]DQ ,, IXFLOH PRGHOOR qVWLOL]]DWR PD SHUPDQJRQR H
VXH FDUDWWHULVWLFKH WLSLFKHFRPHLO VHUEDWRLR VSDUJHQWH HLO ERWWRQH GHO
O
RWWXUDWRUH

PDHVWURGLSULPDFODVVHHDGGHWWRDODYRULGLSUHFLVLRQHFRPHILQLWRUHH
OLYHOODWRUHGLFDQQH)XTXLQGLLQFDULFDWRGLVWXGLDUHXQRVSHFLDOHFRQ
JHJQRSHU OR VFDWWR GHL SHUFXVVRUL GHL IXFLOL FRPSLWR FKH VHFRQGD LO
0RQWDVVROVHJHQLDOPHQWH3URJHWWzHFRVWUXuDOFXQHPDFFKLQHXWHQ
VLOLSHUODODYRUD]LRQHVSHFLDOHGHOOHFDQQHGHOOHEDLRQHWWHHGHLPLULQL
HVHJXHQGRFRQFUHWLWHQWDWLYLSHUODFRVWUX]LRQHGLIXFLOLGLSLFFRORFDOL
EURDUHWURFDULFDVXLTXDOLSHUzQRQVLVDDOWUR
1HO &DPLOOR %HQVRFRQWH GL &DYRXU FKH VL LQWHUHVVDYD SHU
VRQDOPHQWHDOO
DUPDPHQWRGHOOHWUXSSHGDPDQGDUHLQ&ULPHDVLUHFz
DOODIDEEULFDGDUPLGRYHYROOHFRQRVFHUHLO&DUFDQRHRUGLQzFKHTXH
VWLIRVVHPHVVRDFDSRGHLODYRULQHFHVVDULSHUULJDUHDOSLSUHVWRFLQ
TXDQWDPLODIXFLOLRFFRUUHQWLSHUODVSHGL]LRQH*OLVWXGLLSURJHWWLHOH
UHDOL]]D]LRQLGHO YDOHQWH DUWLJLDQR VL PDQLIHVWDURQR LQ RSSRUWXQH PR

GLILFKH VHPSOLILFDWLYH GHOOH DUPL DOORUD LQ GRWD]LRQH , VXRL SURGRWWL
SUHVHQWDWL DOO
(VSRVL]LRQH 1D]LRQDOH GL 7RULQR GHO IXURQR SUH
PLDWLFRQ XQD PHGDJOLD H XQ GLSORPD G

RQRUH FRQVHJQDWLJOL FRQ VSH
FLDOH VROHQQLWj GDO PDJJLRUH G
DUWLJOLHULD *LRYDQQL 6RODUL DOORUD GL
UHWWRUH GHOOD IDEEULFD GDUPL ,Q TXHOO

RFFDVLRQH &DUFDQR IX VDOXWDWR
FRPHFROXLFKHYHUDPHQWHGDYDOXVWURDOORVWDELOLPHQWR 1HO IX
QRPLQDWRFRQWUROORUHGLWHU]DFODVVHQHOFRQWUROORUHGLVHFRQGDH
QHOFRQWUROORUHGLSULPD1HOIXPDQGDWRLQPLVVLRQHD3D
ULJLHLQDOWUHFLWWjVWUDQLHUHSHUFROODXGDUHPDFFKLQHSHU OD IDEEULFD
]LRQH GL FDQQH G
DFFLDLR1HO JOL JLXQVHOD QRPLQD D FRQWUROORUH
SULQFLSDOHGLVHFRQGDFODVVHHQHOHEEHXQSUHPLRLQGHQDURGDO
JRYHUQR SHU O
RWWXUDWRUH D PDQXEULR FXL DEELDPR JLj DFFHQQDWR 1HO
EUHYHWWzXQ QXRYRDO]R SHUIXFLOLHFDUDELQH /H VXH SURSRVWH H

UHDOL]]D]LRQLIXURQRDGRWWDWHLQ,WDOLDH DOO
HVWHUR PD PDQFz GL PH]]L

SHUDSSURIRQGLUHJOLVWXGLVXOOHDUPLHSHUIH]LRQDUHOHVXHFUHD]LRQL
1HO IX SURPRVVR FDSRWHFQLFR SULQFLSDOH GL SULPD FODVVH H JOL
IXURQRFRQIHULWHYDULHRQRULILFHQ]H1HOJOLWRFFzXQDOWURSUHPLR
LQGHQDURLQVHJXLWRDOO
DGR]LRQHGHOVXRVLVWHPDG
RWWXUD]LRQHHVLFX
UD SHU LO QXRYRIXFLOH G
RUGLQDQ]D/DVFLz LO VHUYL]LR SHU UDJLRQL G
HWj
QHOPRUuD7RULQRQHO
(QWUDPEL L PRGHOOL VFHOWL GDOOD FRPPLVVLRQH DYHYDQR XQ VHUEDWRLR
FHQWUDOH D VHL FROSL 5LPDQHYD DSHUWR LO SUREOHPD GHOO

DOLPHQWD]LRQH
VROR VLPXOWDQHD FLRq FRQ FDULFDWRUH D SDFFKHWWR RSSXUH DQFKH VXF

FHVVLYD FDUWXFFLD SHU FDUWXFFLD" 3UHYDOVH LO VLVWHPD GHO FDULFDWRUH
SHUFKpFRQVHQWHXQIXRFRSLFHOHUHSHUFKpO
DYHYDQRDGRWWDWROHDOWUH
GXH SRWHQ]H GHOOD 7ULSOLFH $OOHDQ]D H SHUFKp DOWULPHQWL VL VDUHEEH

FUHDWD XQD FHUWD FRQIXVLRQH QHO VHUYL]LR ORJLVWLFR FDXVDWD GDOOD SUH
VHQ]D GL FDUWXFFH VFLROWH H GL FDULFDWRUL 9HGUHPRSL DYDQWL FRPHOD
GLIIXVLRQH GHOOH DUPL DXWRPDWLFKH DYUHEEH QHJOL DQQL VHJXHQWL VSR

VWDWR L WHUPLQL GHO SUREOHPD )X FRVu HVFOXVR O
DUUHVWR R LQWHUUXWWRUH
GHOODULSHWL]LRQHTXHVWRXQ FRQJHJQRDGRWWDWRQHL IXFLOLSHU OR SL

LQJOHVL H DPHULFDQL GL TXHOO
HSRFD H FRQVLVWHQWH LQ XQD ODPD LPSHU
QLDWD VRWWR O
RWWXUDWRUH OD TXDOH VL SXzIUDSSRUUH IUD TXHVWR H OH FDU
WXFFHFRQWHQXWHQHOVHUEDWRLRLQPRGRGDODVFLDUOHGLULVHUYDPHQWUHLO
WLUDWRUHFDULFDGLUHWWDPHQWHODFDPHUDGLVFRSSLRYROWDSHU YROWD/
LQ
WHUUXWWRUH EDVDWRVXOSUHJLXGL]LR GXUR D PRULUH VHFRQGR LO TXDOH DX
PHQWDUHODFDGHQ]DGLWLURVHUYHVRORDIDUVSUHFDUHPXQL]LRQLVFRP
SDUYHQHOJLURGLSRFKLDQQL
,OFDULFDWRUHDSDFFKHWWRGHO0DQQOLFKHUIRUPDWRGDXQIRJOLRG
RW
WRQHSLHJDWRLQWUHSDUWLGLFXLXQDFHQWUDOHVWUHWWDFRPHLOGLDPH

6SDFFDWRGHO PHFFDQLVPRGHO IXFLOH G

RUGLQDQ]D WHGHVFRPRGHOOR
QRWRDQFKHFRPH0DXVHU.RPPLVVLRQ6LRVVHUYLLOFDULFDWRUH0DQQOL
FKHULQVHULWRQHOODVFDWRODVHUEDWRLR
PHWUR GHO IRQGHOOR H OH DOWUH GXH SL ODUJKH LQ PRGR GD WUDWWHQHUH L
ERVVROL H GRWDWH FLDVFXQD GL XQ FDUDWWHULVWLFR IRUR G

DOOHJJHULPHQWR
HUD VHPSOLFH OHJJHUR VLPPHWULFR HFRQRPLFR )X WXWWDYLD GDWR O
LQ
FDULFRGLVWXGLDUHXQFDULFDWRUHDOODIDEEULFDG
DUPLGL7RULQR FKHQH
VIRUQzXQRFKHGLGLYHUVRULVSHWWRDTXHOORGHO0DQQOLFKHUDYHYDVROR
LOSUH]]RWUHQWDFLQTXHFHQWHVLPLLQSL9RQ0DQQOLFKHUFKLHGHYDVROR
WUHFHQWRPLOD OLUH GL GLULWWL SHU O
DGR]LRQH QRQ VROR GHO VXR FDULFDWRUH
PDGHOO
LQWHURVLVWHPDGLDOLPHQWD]LRQH3RLFKpXQPLOLRQHGLFDULFDWR
ULLGHDWLVLIDSHUGLUHD7RULQRVDUHEEHYHQXWRDFRVWDUHSLGHLGL
ULWWL FKLHVWL GD YRQ 0DQQOLFKHU LO DSULOH OD FRPPLVVLRQH
DGRWWzVLDLOSDFFKHWWRFKHLOVHUEDWRLRGHOEDURQHDXVWULDFR/DIDEEUL
FDG
DUPLGL7RULQRSUHVHQWzFRVuXQIXFLOHFKHIXGHQRPLQDWRQXPHUR
XQR 8Q DOWUR IXFLOH SUHVHQWDWR GDOOH IDEEULFKH GL 7HUQL H 7RUUH $Q
QXQ]LDWDHSLVLPLOHDO0DQQOLFKHUDQFKHQHOO
RWWXUDWRUHIXFKLDPDWR
QXPHURGXH'LHQWUDPELLPRGHOOLYHQQHURSURGRWWLPLOOHHVHPSODUL

&DULFDWRUL0DQQOLFKHUDGRWWDWLSHUOHDUPLPRGHOOH
FKHIXURQRGLVWULEXLWLDUHSDUWLGLVHLUHJJLPHQWL SHUHVVHUHVSHULPHQ
WDWL /D PDJJLRUDQ]D GHL VROGDWL VL PDQLIHVWz IDYRUHYROH DO QXPHUR
XQR
)HUGLQDQG YRQ 0DQQOLFKHU QDWR QHO D 0DJRQ]D HUD XQ LQ
JHJQHUHGHOOHIHUURYLHDXVWULDFKHVHWWHQWULRQDOLLOTXDOHDPDYDPROWRGL
SLOHDUPLFKHLWUHQL WDQWRFKHGHYHODVXDIDPDVRORDOOHSULPHOD
IRQGDPHQWDOH RSHUD GL : + % 6PLWK H - ( 6PLWK 6PDOO $UPV RI
WKH :RUOG OR GHILQLVFHXQR GHLSL JUDQGL LQYHQWRUL G

DUPLGD IXRFR
GHOODVWRULDHDIIHUPDFKHLOVXRSHQVLHURSUHFHGHWWH VHPSUHGL JUDQ
OXQJD JOL VYLOXSSL GHO VXR WHPSR QHL FDPSL GHOOH PXQL]LRQL H GHOOD
PHWDOOXUJLD 'LVHJQz SURJHWWL GDO DO TXDQGR XQD
PRUWHSUHPDWXUDORFROVHD9LHQQD
'DSSULPD 0DQQOLFKHU VL RFFXSz VRSUDWWXWWR GL VLVWHPL G

DOLPHQ
WD]LRQHQHLQYHQWzXQRFRQVLVWHQWHLQWUHRTXDWWURVHUEDWRLWXERODUL

SRVWL QHO FDOFLR GL XQ IXFLOH D RWWXUDWRUH JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH H FRQWH

QHQWLFLDVFXQRFLQTXHFDUWXFFHGL JURVVR FDOLEURSRL XQ DOWURD FDUL
FDWRUH SULVPDWLFR VWDFFDELOH H SRVWR VRWWR O
DOWUR LQILQH QHO XQ
WHU]RLQVHULELOHGDOGLVRSUDFRPHQHOODPLWUDJOLDWULFHOHJJHUD0DGVHQ
QHL IXFLOL PLWUDJOLDWRUL &KDWHOOHUDXOW %UQR PRGHOOR H
H %UHQ DUPL IDPRVH GHOOD SULPD H GHOOD VHFRQGD JXHUUD PRQ
GLDOH 1HO SURJHWWz LO VXR SULPRRWWXUDWRUH D WUD]LRQHGLIIHUHQWH
GDTXHOOR JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH SHUFKpSXzHVVHUHDSHUWRH ULFKLXVR FRQ

GXH VROL PRYLPHQWL LQYHFH FKHFRQ TXDWWUR 4XHVWR PRGHOOR KD DOHWWH
URWDQWLQHOODSDUWHSRVWHULRUHGHOODFXODWWDHXQDVFDWRODVHUEDWRLROD
WHUDOHVXOODVLQLVWUD/
DQQRGRSRPRGLILFzLOVLVWHPDPHGLDQWH FRPH
VFULVVH LO 9LWDOL LQ XQ OLEUHWWR LQWLWRODWR )XFLOL GD JXHUUD %LEOLRWHFD
PLQLPD PLOLWDUH SRSRODUH &DVD (GLWULFH ,WDOLDQD 5RPD XQ
SXQWHOOR FKH WURYDVL VRWWR LO FLOLQGURVL DO]DTXDQGR VL WLUD LQGLHWURLO
PDQXEULR H TXLQGL UHQGH OLEHUD OD FRUVD UHWURJUDGD GHOO

RWWXUDWRUH
4XHVW
DUPD DGRWWDWD QHO GDOO
$XVWULD FRQ TXDOFKH PRGLILFD KD
JLjLOVLVWHPDGLDOLPHQWD]LRQHDVHUEDWRLRFRQFDULFDWRUHDSDFFKHWWR
1HO FRPSDUYH LO SULPR 0DQQOLFKHU6FKRHQDXHU FRQ XQ VHU
EDWRLRLQFXLOHFDUWXFFHYHQJRQRIDWWHGLVSRUUHLQFHUFKLRPHGLDQWHXQ
LQJUDQDJJLR D VWHOOD /
RWWXUDWRUH q GHO WLSR JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH , VL
VWHPDGHOFRVLGGHWWRVHUEDWRLRURWDWLYRYLHQHDQFRUDDSSOLFDWRDOOHFD
UDELQH 0DQQOLFKHU6FK|QDXHU
SURGRWWH GDOOD 6WH\U'DLPOHU3XFK
$NWLHQJHVHOOVFKDIWDOOD6DYDJHHDOOD5XJHUDFDULFDWRUHVWDFFDELOH
DUPLVSRUWLYH IUDOHSLSUHJLDWH LOIUXWWRGHJOLVIRU]L FRPELQDWL GHO

EXRQEDURQHFKHRWWHQQHSHUHVVRXQSULPREUHYHWWRQHOHGHO
GLUHWWRUH GHOOD 6WH\U 2WWR 6FK|QDXHU 'HO 0DQQOLFKHU PRGHOOR
DEELDPRJLjSDUODWR1HOVHJXuXQPRVFKHWWRG
RUGLQDQ]DDWUD

]LRQHFRQDOHWWHDQWHULRULHQHOODIDPLJOLDGLDUPLOXQJKHFKHIX
OD GLUHWWD DQWDJRQLVWD GHL GXUDQWH OD JUDQGH JXHUUD 9RQ 0DQQOL
FKHU FKH QHO DYHYD ODVFLDWR OH IHUURYLH IHFH SDUWH GHO FRPLWDWR
WHFQLFR PLOLWDUH LPSHULDOUHJLR H FROODERUz VWUHWWDPHQWH FRQ OD 6WH\U

1HOHQWUzDIDUSDUWHGHOOD&DPHUD$OWDDXVWULDFDVXRLEUHYHWWL
IXURQR DGRWWDWL GD VHL QD]LRQL HXURSHH H VHFRQGR L GXH 6PLWK VH LO
JRYHUQR DXVWULDFR OR DYHVVH DSSRJJLDWR FRPH IHFH OD *HUPDQLD FRQ
0DXVHUDYUHEEHDYXWRVXFFHVVLDQFRUDPDJJLRUL
)HUGLQDQGYRQ0DQQOLFKHU
1HOFDPSRGHOOHDUPLDXWRPDWLFKHYRQ0DQQOLFKHUHEEHVFDUVDIRUWX

QD DQFKH VH JLj QHO DYHYD EUHYHWWDWR XQ IXFLOH D FDQQD ULQFX
ODQWH H DSHUWXUD ULWDUGDWD H QHO XQD SLVWROD D ULQFXOR LQYHUWLWR
FRQ VHUEDWRLR QHO FDOFLR 6ROR O
$UJHQWLQD QHO DGRWWz XQ
DUPD
DXWRPDWLFD 0DQQOLFKHU XQD SLVWROD D FDQH HVWHUQR PHWDVWDELOH R

FRQHVLWD]LRQHEUHYHWWDWDQHOFKHKDLOGLIHWWRGL VSDUDUHXQD
FDUWXFFLD SRFR GLIIXVD OD R 0DQQOLFKHU ,QILQH QHO
FRPSDUYH XQD SLVWROD DXWRPDWLFD QRQ PROWR GLVVLPLOH GDOOD IDPRVD
0DXVHUGDPDULQD&RVuLOQRVWUREDURQHILQuXQSRFRLQJORULRVDPHQWH
ODVXDFDUULHUDLVSLUDQGRVLDXQ
DUPDGLVHJQDWDGDOVXRSLSHULFROR
VRFRQFRUUHQWH
7RUQLDPR RUD DJOL HVSHULPHQWL GD FXL QDFTXH LO 'RSR L SULPL
VWXGLFRQGRWWLVXPXQL]LRQLGDWDWHGLRUORVSRUJHQWHLOODERUDWRULRSL
URWHFQLFRGL%RORJQDVLRULHQWzYHUVRXQDFDUWXFFLDVHQ]
RUORFRQVFD
QDODWXUD 'LYHQQH DOORUD QHFHVVDULD XQD PRGLILFD GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH GHO
VHUEDWRLRHGHOFDULFDWRUHFKH SRUWz D GXHQXRYL PRGHOOL LO IXFLOH QX

PHUR XQR ELV H LO QXPHUR GXH ELV $QFRUD XQD YROWD IX SUHVFHOWR LO
SULPR8QDWHU]DGHQRPLQD]LRQHV
LPSRVHQHOO
DJRVWRGHOTXDQ
GRIXURQRDGRWWDWH OH JKLHUH SRUWDDO]R HSRUWDPLULQR QDFTXH FRVu LO
IXFLOH QXPHUR XQR WHU 5HVWDYD VROR GD ULVROYHUH LO SUREOHPD GHOOD
EDLRQHWWD ILVVD H ULSLHJDELOH RSSXUH DPRYLELOH" )X VFHOWD OD VHFRQGD
VROX]LRQH FKH SHUPHWWHYD O

LPSLHJRGHOO
DUPD ELDQFD DQFKH FRPH SX
JQDOH R DWWUH]]R /H FDUDWWHULVWLFKH GHOOD EDLRQHWWD H GL WXWWH OH DUPL
GHOODIDPLJOLDVRQRGHVFULWWHGD5XJJHUR%HORJLQHOODVHFRQGDSDUWH
GHOYROXPH
,OFDSLWDQR6LUDFXVDHLOFDSRWHFQLFR%DUROGRGHOODIDEEULFDGDUPLGL
7RULQRSUHVHQWDURQRXQDPRGLILFDFKHDYHYDLOFRSULFDQQDLQFXRLROD
FDQQDOXQJDFHQWLPHWULFLQTXHLQPHQRGLTXHOODSRLDGRWWDWDXQ

FDQHSLODUJRO
DWWDFFRGHOODEDLRQHWWDVXOODWRGHVWURHXQDVLFXUDD
OHYDLQYHFHFKHDQDVHOOR1RQHEEHURVXFFHVVR$OPXVHRG
DUWLJOLHULD
GL 7RULQR VL WURYDQR DOWUH GXH DUPL VLPLOL FRQ FRSULFDQQD LQ FXRLR
)DQQR SDUWH G
XQD VHULH GL IXFLOL VSHULPHQWDOL VX FXL QRQ VLDPR UL
XVFLWLDVDSHUHSLGLTXDQWRqVFULWWRVXLFDUWHOOLQL8QRGLTXHVWLIX
FLOLqGHILQLWR0DXVHU1FDOLEUR$O]RDULWWRFRQFXUVRUH2WWX
UDWRUH FKH GLIIHULVFH GDO 1 SHU O

HVWUDWWRUH H VFDQDODWXUD GL FDULFD
PHQWR SHUSLDVWULQD6WXGLR SHU 3UREDELOPHQWH q XQR GHL PR
GHOOL FKH SRUWDURQR DO SURJHWWR GHO WLSR 1 TXHOOR FKH QRQ YHQQH
DGRWWDWR/RVWHVVRVLSXzGLUHGLXQIXFLOHLOFXLFDUWHOOLQRSRUWDODGL
FLWXUD 0DXVHU D ULSHWL]LRQH VLVWHPD 0DQQOLFKHU &KLXVXUD DG DOHWWH
DQWHULRUL$O]RDTXDGUDQWHFRQFXUVRUH&DOLEUR(VSHULHQ]H
/D PRGLILFD DO IXFLOH PRGHOOR SURSRVWD GDOFDSLWDQR 6LUDFXVD H GDO
FDSRWHFQLFR %DUROGRGHOOD IDEEULFDG
DUPLGL7RULQR 6LQRWLFKH D SDUWH
ODSRVL]LRQH GHOOD EDLRQHWWD H LO FRSULFDQQD GL FXRLRO
DUPD q XJXDOH D
XQDGLVHULH6LQRWLDQFKHODWHVWDGHOWUDYHUVLQRSUHVHQWHQHLSULPLVVL
PLHVHPSODUL
, IXFLOH LQGLFDWR FRPH 0DXVHU0DQQOLFKHU 7(51, WLSR ELV PR
GHOOR
FRQFDQQDGD
HVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD&DQQDOXQJDP
FDOLEUR3HVRNJSRWUHEEHHVVHUH TXHOOR SURGRWWRGDOOH IDE
EULFKHGL7HUQLH7RUUH$QQXQ]LDWDHPRGLILFDWRLQVHJXLWRDOO
DGR]LRQH
GHOODFDUWXFFLDVHQ]
RUORWXWWDYLDTXHOODGDWDFLODVFLDSHUSOHV
VL1RQVXVVLVWRQRLQYHFHGXEELSHULOIXFLOHVHJXHQWHFKHGHYHHVVHUH
LO VXR FRQFRUUHQWHSL IRUWXQDWR )XFLOHLWDOLDQRWLSR 1ELV D FDUL

FDPHQWR PXOWLSOR VLVWHPD 0DQQOLFKHU &LOLQGUR GL FKLXVXUD VFRU
UHYROHJLUHYROH FRQ DSSRJJLR DQWHULRUH &RQJHJQR GL VLFXUH]]D D QD

VHOOR FKH WLHQH OD PROOD DUPDWD ,Q HVSHULPHQWR DOOD ILQH GHO
3RUWDLQFLVHVXOOHIDFFHWWHGHOODFDQQDOHVFULWWH725,12H1LO
FKH ID SURSULR SHQVDUH VL WUDWWL GHO 0DQQOLFKHU&DUFDQR 0D LO IXFLOH
VHJXHQWHFLIDULSLRPEDUHQHOODSHUSOHVVLWj3XUHVVHQGRPDUFDWR72
5,12 H 1 q GHILQLWR )XFLOH 1 &DULFDPHQWR PXOWLSOR
VLVWHPD 0DQQOLFKHU &LOLQGUR GL FKLXVXUD VFRUUHYROHJLUHYROH FRQ DS

SRJJLRDQWHULRUH5LJDWXUDSURJUHVVLYDFDOLEUR,QHVSHULPHQWRDOOD
ILQHGHO6WXGLR6HTXHVW
DUPDIXIDWWDD7RULQRSHUFKpSRUWDOD
GHQRPLQD]LRQH 1 GDWD DL SURWRWLSL GHOOH GXH IDEEULFKH FHQ
WURPHULGLRQDOL"
6HJXRQR DOWUL WUH IXFLOL DWWULEXLWL D XQ LQYHQWRUH GL FXL QRQ VDS
SLDPR QXOOD XQ FHUWR &R]]L ,, ODWR VLQLVWUR GHOOD FXODWWD YLVWR GDO
O
DOWRQRQFRUUHSDUDOOHORDOO
RWWXUDWRUHPDGHVFULYHXQDFXUYDFKHYD
DG XQLUVL DOO
DQHOORGLDYYLWDWXUDGHOODFDQQD 'XH KDQQR L PDUFKL GL
7RULQRHLQXPHULH6RQRGHILQLWLULVSHWWLYDPHQWHQXPHURH
PRGLILFDWR,OSULPRKDXQRWWXUDWRUHFRQRUORHFDULFDWRUHVLPPH
WULFRDVHWWRUHFLUFRODUH3RWUHEEHHVVHUHXQDGHILQL]LRQHDSSURVVLPD
WLYD GHO FDULFDWRUH RULJLQDOH 0DQQOLFKHU ,, VHFRQGR KD XQ RWWXUDWRUH
FRQ WHVWD JLUHYROH QXRYR WLSR PRGLILFDWR 6RQR LQGLFDWL FRPH VWXGL
SHULO,OWHU]RGHILQLWR1ELVSRUWDLPDUFKL7(51,H
,O FDUWHOOLQR GLFH 2WWXUDWRUH FRQ WHVWD JLUHYROH FDUWXFFLD FRQ RUOR
6FLDEROD EDLRQHWWD WLSR PRGHOOR 6XOOD FXODWWD GXH IHUPL SHU
O
DSSOLFD]LRQH GHO FDQQRFFKLDOH VWUDQR FKH D EDLRQHWWD IRVVH JLj
GHO WLSR G
RUGLQDQ]D TXDQGR LO PXQL]LRQDPHQWR HUD D FDUWXFFLD FRQ
RUOR

)XFLOL VSHULPHQWDOL VWXGLDWL SHU O

DGR]LRQH GHO IXFLOH LWDOLDQR GL SLFFROR
FDOLEUR 'DOO
DOWR 0DXVHU 1 FDOLEUR DO]R D ULWWR FRQ FXUVRUH
0DXVHUDULSHWL]LRQHVLVWHPD0DQQOLFKHUFDOLEUR0DXVHU0DQQOL
FKHU7HUQLWLSRELVPRGHOORFDOLEURIXFLOH LWDOLDQRWLSR1ELV
DFDULFDPHQWRPXOWLSORVLVWHPD0DQQOLFKHUIXFLOH1
FDULFDPHQ
WRPXOWLSORVLVWHPD0DQQOLFKHUULJDWXUDSURJUHVVLYDFDOLEUR

1HOODVWHVVDYHWULQDVRQRSUHVHQWLDOWULIXFLOLVSHULPHQWDOL8QRKDLO
PLULQRDFURFH8QDOWURKDODFDQQDFLOLQGULFDGLEHQGXHFHQWLPHWUL
GLGLDPHWUR,OFDOLEURLQGLFDWRqGLPLOOLPHWUL1RQSXzHVVHUHXQR
GHLSULPLVVLPLHVHPSODULVSHULPHQWDWLGDOPDJJLRUH%HQHGHWWLSHUFKp
O
RWWXUDWRUHqSLRPHQRFRPHTXHOORGHO8QDOWURKDXQDEDLR
QHWWDOXQJDFHQWLPHWULSLHJKHYROHVXOODWRVLQLVWURGHILQLWRFRPH
XQRVWXGLRIDWWRD%UHVFLDQHO8QDOWURDQFRUDqLQJUDQSDUWH
FRVWLWXLWRGDSH]]LGHOIXFLOHDXVWULDFR6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU PRGHOOR
4XHVWLGXHHVHPSODULQRQKDQQRFHUWRDYXWRDFKHIDUHFRQODJHQHVL
GHOPDJOLDOWULKDQQRJLRFDWRVHQ]
DOWURXQUXRORSLRPHQR
LPSRUWDQWHQHOORVWXGLRGHOIXFLOHFKHIXFRPSDJQRGLWUHJHQHUD]LRQL
GLLWDOLDQL
0RGHOOLVSHULPHQWDOLGL,QDOWR PRGHOOR FROPLULQRDFURFH,QEDVVR

PRGHOORDFDQQDFLOLQGULFDFDOLEURPLOOLPHWUL
2UPDLLOODERULRVRSDUWRGHOQXRYRIXFLOHG
RUGLQDQ]DLQSLFFRORFD
OLEURHUDJLXQWRDEXRQILQH$WHUPLQHGLXQDVHGXWDGXUDWDFLQTXH
JLRUQLLOPDU]ROD&RPPLVVLRQHDGRWWzLOIXFLOH1WHUGHQR

PLQDQGROR PRGHOOR /D GHFLVLRQH IX VDQFLWD GDO PLQLVWHUR GHOOD
JXHUUDLOPDU]RFRQO
DWWRQXPHUR,OIXFLOHYHQQHGHVWLQDWRDOOD
IDQWHULDHL SULPLHVHPSODULIXURQRGLVWULEXLWLDJOLDOSLQLFKHDOSRVWR
&DUWROLQD GHOOD ILQH GHO VHFROR VFDUVR UDIILJXUDQWH XQ DOSLQR FRQ O
XQL
IRUPHRULJLQDULDHDUPDWRGLIXFLOHPRGHOOR
GHOWUDGL]LRQDOHFDSSHOORIORVFLRSRUWDYDQRDQFRUDXQDERPEHWWDFRQOD
SHQQDQHUD,QWDQWRVLVWXGLDYDXQPRVFKHWWRFRQODFDQQDOXQJDVROR

FP OD FDVVD PROWR FRUWD XQ DO]R SL FRPSDWWR H XQD EDLRQHWWD
SLHJKHYROHHDVH]LRQHWULDQJRODUHGDGDUHLQGRWD]LRQHDOODFDYDOOHULD
DOOHFRPSDJQLHFLFOLVWLHDLFLFOLVWLDGGHWWLDLFRPDQGL)XDGRWWDWRLO
JLXJQR H YHQQH IRUQLWR DQFKH DL FDUDELQLHUL ,O DJRVWR GHOOR
VWHVVRDQQRIXDGRWWDWDODFDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDSHURUGLQHSXEEOLFRH
VHUYL]LGLJXDUGLDGHQRPLQDWDQXPHURXQR3HUOHVXHFDUDWWHULVWLFKH
FRPHSHUTXHOOHGHOOHDOWUHPXQL]LRQLSHUODIDPLJOLDGHOOHDPQLUL
PDQGLDPRDOODWHU]DSDUWHGLTXHVWROLEUR
,IXFLOHHUDDSSHQDVWDWRDGRWWDWRFKHQDVFHYDQRLSULPLVFDQGDOL
EHQSUHVWRVJRQILDWLHOHSULPHSROHPLFKH4XHVWHHUDQRRULJLQDWHGDO
GXEELR FKH PROWL QXWULYDQR VXO SRWHUH G

DUUHVWR G
XQ SURLHWWLOH FRVu
SLFFRORHVLVDUHEEHURWUDVFLQDWHDOXQJR4XDQWRDJOLVFDQGDOLHUDQR
LOIUXWWRGLQRWL]LH IDOVH QRQ VDSSLDPRVH GD FDWDORJDUHFRPH EDOORQV
G
HVVDL R FRPH VHPSOLFL FDQWRQDWH 'DSSULPD VL GLVVH FKH L 'HUYLVFL
GHO 0DKGL VFRQILWWL GDOOH WUXSSH LWDOLDQH LO OXJOLR HUDQR UL
XVFLWLDFDWWXUDUHDOFXQLHVHPSODULGHOPRGHOOR8QGLVSDFFLRLQWDO
VHQVRGLIIXVRLQ)UDQFLD GDXQ
DJHQ]LDGLVWDPSDGHVWzXQ FHUWR DO
ODUPH QHOO
RSLQLRQH SXEEOLFD FKH IX UDVVLFXUDWD VROR TXDQGR YHQQH
FRPXQLFDWR FKH OH IRU]H LWDOLDQH LQ $IULFD HUDQRDQFRUD DUPDWH FRQ L
YHFFKL 9HWWHUOL 0D RUPDL OD QRWL]LD GHOOD YLROD]LRQH GL XQ VLPLOH VH
JUHWR PLOLWDUH HUD WURSSR JKLRWWD SHUFKp YHQLVVH ODVFLDWD FDGHUH QHO
QXOOD H XQ TXRWLGLDQR VL JHWWz D SHVFH VXO VHTXHVWUR GL TXDUDQWXQ
FDVVHGLIXFLOLFRPSLXWRGDOODGRJDQDLWDOLDQDPHQWUHVLWHQWDYDGL
HVSRUWDUOH FODQGHVWLQDPHQWH 6L YHQQHSRL D VDSHUH FKH OH FDVVH QRQ
HUDQRLQYROXFULPDODSDUWHLQOHJQRGHLIXFLOLLQSDUROHSRYHUHLOFDO
FLR,OJLDOORSHUGHYDFRVuWXWWDODVXDLPSRUWDQ]DPDLOPLVWHURULPD
QHYDLQVROXWRDFKLHDFKHFRVDSRWHYDQRVHUYLUHOHSDUWLLQOHJQRGHO

QXRYRIXFLOH"
6XELWR GRSR VFRSSLz XQ DOWUR VFDQGDOR 3DUHFFKL JLRUQDOL SXEEOL
FDURQROHLQFLVLRQLGHLPRVFKHWWLGDFDYDOOHULDFKHFKLXQTXHSRWHYD
FRPSUDUH QHOOH DUPHULH GL 0LODQR )LUHQ]HH %UHVFLD DVVLHPHDOOH UH

ODWLYHPXQL]LRQLHEXIIHWWHULH6LYHQQHDVDSHUHFKHVLWUDWWDYDGLDUPL
PHVVH LQVLHPH FRQ SH]]LGL VFDUWR DFTXLVWDWL GD XQ DUWLJLDQRGL *DU
GRQH9DOWURPSLDDOODIDEEULFDGL7HUQLFRPHIHUURYHFFKLRHFRQFDQQH
UXEDWH )XURQRSURFHVVD GLFLRWWRIUDDUPDLROLH RSHUDLGLHFL YHQQHUR
DVVROWLHJOLDOWULFRQGDQQDWLDSHQHPLWL/HDXWRULWjFRPXQTXHYROOHUR
UDVVLFXUDUH O
RSLQLRQHSXEEOLFDQGR XQ FRPXQLFDWR QHO TXDOH VL DIIHU
PDYD FKH O
XQLFR VHJUHWR ULJXDUGDQWH L YHUDPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH H
JHORVDPHQWHWXWHODWRULJXDUGDYDLVLVWHPLGLSURGX]LRQHLQSDUWLFROD
UHODULJDWXUDGHOOHFDQQHDLQFOLQD]LRQHSURJUHVVLYD
,QUHDOWjLOQRQ HUDXQ
DUPDFKHSRWHVVHGHVWDUHODFXSLGLJLD GL
DOWUH QD]LRQL , VLVWHPL GL DOLPHQWD]LRQH H GL FKLXVXUD HUDQR SUDWL

FDPHQWHQDWLLQ$XVWULD HLQ*HUPDQLDVDOYROD VLFXUD &DUFDQR YHF
FKLDGLXQTXDUWRGLVHFROR/DULJDWXUDSDUDEROLFDQRQYHQQHDGRWWDWD
GDQHVVXQDOWURHVHUFLWRHDOOD ILQHIXVFDUWDWDDQFKHLQ,WDOLD,OFDOL
EURHUDVWDWRDGRWWDWRFRQXQOHJJHURDQWLFLSRGDOOD5RPDQLDSHUL
VXRL 0DQQOLFKHU6FKRHQDXHU FRVLFFKq FRPH VFULVVH LO 9LWDOL QHO OL

EUHWWRFLWDWRVHGDXQDSDUWHqTXDVLDGHSORUDUVLFKHDOWULSDHVLIRUVH
SULPD GL QRL VDUDQQR DUPDWL G
XQ IXFLOH GRWDWR GL XQ FDOLEUR IUXWWR
GHOOHLQGHIHVVHIDWLFKHGHO*HQHUDOH 3DUUDYLFLQRGDOO
DOWUDTXHVWDFRQ
WURSURYDqDUUDGLVLFXUDVFHOWD$QRVWURSDUHUHJOLVFDQGDOLVSLRQLVWL
FLGHOHUDQRLQIRQGRPRWLYDWLGDOODULFHUFDGLTXHVWDDUUDGLVLFXUD
VFHOWD/
,WDOLDHUDXQDSLFFRODQD]LRQHFKHFHUFDYDGLDIIDFFLDUVLDOWD

(VHUFLWD]LRQHGHOUHJJLPHQWR&DYDOOHJJHULGL/RGLDLSULPLGHO1RYH
FHQWR6LQRWLQRLPRVFKHWWLPRGHOOR
YRORGHOOHJUDQGLTXDOH PLJOLRU PRGR GL FRQYLQFHUVLGHOODSURSULDLP
SRUWDQ]DFKHFUHGHUHGLDYHUHDUPLPLFLGLDOLHLQYLGLDWHGDWXWWL"
,QWDQWR VL PDQLIHVWDYDQR L SULPL LQFRQYHQLHQWL LQHYLWDELOL LQ XQD
DUPDDSSHQDQDWD,UHSDUWLHEEHURDODPHQWDUHQXPHURVLGLVWDFFKLGL
IRQGHOOLGDLERVVROLFROUHODWLYRGDQQHJJLDPHQWRGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHQRQFKp

SDUHFFKLLQFHSSDPHQWL SHU PDQFDWD HVWUD]LRQH )XURQR VHJQDODWL DQ

FKHJXDVWLLQYDULHSDUWLSHUGLIHWWLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHHVFRSSLGLFDQQH
TXHVWL XOWLPL PROWR UDUL , GLIHWWR SULQFLSDOH FRQVLVWHYD QHOO
D]LRQH
FRUURVLYDGHOOD EDOLVWLWH 6L WHQWzGLRYYLDUYL LPSLHJDQGR OD FRUGLWH OD

SROYHUHVHQ]DIXPRDGRWWDWDTXDOFKHDQQRSULPDGDOOD*UDQ%UHWDJQD
,ULVXOWDWLIXURQRDQFRUSHJJLRULLQIDWWLODFRUGLWHFKHqXQDPRGLILFD
]LRQHGHOODEDOLVWLWHKDHIIHWWLGLURPSHQWLPDJJLRULGDWRFKH VL SDVVD
GDLPLOOHVLPLGLQLWURJOLFHULQDSLDOWUHWWDQWRIXOPLFRWRQHVROXELOH
HPLOOHVLPLGLDQLOLQDRGLIHODPLQDFRQWHQXWLQHOODIRUPXODGL1REHO
DEHQ PLOOHVLPLGLQLWURJOLFHULQD GLQLWURFHOOXORVDLQVROXELOH
GLYDVHOLQDHGLGLIHODPLQD1RQSHUQXOODYHQQHLQVHJXLWRVWX
GLDWDD %LUPLQJKDP XQD FRUGLWH GL IRUPD SL SLDWWD GHWWD D[LWH GR
WDWDGLSURSULHWjOXEULILFDQWLHTXLQGLLQJUDGRGLVYLOXSSDUHPLQRUFD
ORUHSXULPSULPHQGRDOSURLHWWLOHXQDYHORFLWjLQL]LDOHPDJJLRUHGLFLU
FDFLQTXDQWDPHWULDOVHFRQGR
,Q,WDOLDODVROX]LRQHIXWURYDWDDOSROYHULILFLRGL)RQWDQD/LULDOFXL
GLUHWWRUHFRORQQHOOR%D]]LFKHOOLVLDVFULYHLOPHULWRGLDYHULQYHQWDWROD
VROHQLWHXQDEDOLVWLWHFKHKDODSHUFHQWXDOHGLQLWURJOLFHULQDULGRWWDD
IDYRUHGHOIXOPLFRWRQHJHODWLQL]]DWR,OQRPHGHULYDGDOIDWWRFKHLJUD
QLKDQQRXQDIRUPDGLVROHQRLGLFLRq GLFRUWLWXEHWWL VFHOWD SHU GDUH
PDJJLRUSURJUHVVLYLWj/DFDULFDGLJUDPPLULHPSLHLOERVVRORIL
QRDOIRQGHOORGHOSURLHWWLOHLOFKHFRQVHQWLYDGLHOLPLQDUHLOEDWXIIROLQR
GLEDPEDJLDFKHRFFRUUHYDLQWHUSRUUHQHOORVSD]LRYXRWRODVFLDWRGDOOD
TXDQWLWjPLQRUHGLEDOLVWLWH6LULVSDUPLDYDQRDQFKHOHOLUHSULPD
SDJDWHSHURJQLFKLORGLEDOLVWLWHDOODVRFLHWj1REHO
'RSRSURYH FRPSDUDWLYH IUD OH GXHSROYHUL FRPSLXWH QHO DOOD

IDEEULFDG
DUPLGL7HUQLODWHVWDGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHIXPRGLILFDWDFRQXQD
VROFDWXUDFLUFRODUHD ULVDOWR YLYR H LO ERVVRORYHQQH ULQIRU]DWR FRQ XQ
LQFDYR D FRURQDFLUFRODUH VXO IRQGHOOR 4XHVWR SRWHYD FRVu VRWWR O

HI
IHWWR GHL JDV VFKLDFFLDUVL QHOOD VROFDWXUD VHQ]D FKH VL VWDFFDVVH GDO
UHVWRGHOERVVROR/DQXRYD FDUWXFFLDD VROHQLWHGHQRPLQDWDPRGHOOR
IXDGRWWDWDQHOIHEEUDLR
1HO VHWWHPEUH GHOO

DQQR VHJXHQWH YHQQH LO WXUQR GHJOL HVWUDWWRUL
FKH HVVHQGR WURSSR ULJLGL FDXVDYDQR TXHOOD SDUWLFRODUH IRUPD G

LQ
FHSSDPHQWRFKHLPDQXDOLPLOLWDULGHILQLVFRQRGRSSLDDOLPHQWD]LRQH
H FKH VL YHULILFD TXDQGR GRSR OR VSDUR VL FHUFD G

LQWURGXUUH XQ VH
FRQGRFROSRLQFDQQDGRYHDQFRUDVLWURYDLOERVVRORGHOSULPR
6ROGDWLGHOIDQWHULDDUPDWLGLIXFLOHHIIHWWXDQRXQVDJJLRG
DG
GHVWUDPHQWRQHOODFDVHUPD6DQW
$PEURJLRGL0LODQRDOSULQFLSLRGHOVH
FROR

0HQWUHYHQLYDQR HOLPLQDWLTXHOOLFKHJOLDQJORVDVVRQLFKLDPDQRJXDL
GHOODGHQWL]LRQH O
,WDOLD VXELYD OD SHVDQWH VFRQILWWD GL $GXD 'D SL
SDUWL q VWDWR DIIHUPDWR FKH DOFXQH XQLWj LPSLHJDWH QHOOD EDWWDJOLD
VEDUFDWH D 0DVVDXD DUPDWH GL IXFLOL VH OL YLGHUR VRVWLWXLUH FRQ L
9HWWHUOL PRGHOOR SHUFKp QRQ HUDQR VXIILFLHQWHPHQWH DGGHVWUDWH

DOO
LPSLHJR GHOOH QXRYH DUPL /D VWRULD q HQWUR FHUWL OLPLWL YHUD $OOD
EDWWDJOLD GL $GXD SDUWHFLSDURQR DOSLQL H EHUVDJOLHUL VDSSLDPR FKH
TXHVWHWUXSSHIXURQROHSULPHDULFHYHUHLQGRWD]LRQHLOIXFLOHPRGHOOR
SUREDELOH FKH OH QXRYH DUPL IRVVHUR VWDWH ULWLUDWH SHU L GLIHWWL
VXDFFHQQDWLPDODGLIIHUHQ]DGLPDQHJJLR ULVSHWWRDO9HWWHUOL QRQHUD
WDOHGDPHWWHUHLQGLIILFROWjSHUORPHQRDJOLDOSLQLLQJUDQSDUWHFDF
FLDWRUL1RQVLSRVVRQRHVFOXGHUHDOWUHFDXVHDGHVHPSLR FKHOHFDU
WXFFHQRQIRVVHURDUULYDWHRFKHOR6WDWR0DJJLRUHRVVHVVLRQDWRGDOOD
PDQuD GHO VHJUHWR PLOLWDUH ULFRUGLDPR OR VFKHU]HWWR IDWWR D YRQ
0DQQOLFKHU H D 0DXVHU ULJXDUGDQWH VROR LO SDUWLFRODUH GHOO
RUOR GHOOH
FDUWXFFH H L SUHWHVL VFDQGDOL VSLRQLVWLFL QRQ YROHVVH ULVFKLDUH FKH

TXDOFKHFDGHVVHLQPDQRDJOLHWLRSLFLHYHQLVVHSDVVDWRDLIUDQFHVL
,QIDWWL OHIRU]H LWDOLDQHDIIURQWDURQRTXHOODFKH ULWHQHYDQR XQD GLPR

VWUD]LRQH RIIHQVLYD YHUVR $GXD FRQYLQWH FRPH GLVVH LO JHQHUDOH $O
EHUWRQH SULPDGHOOD EDWWDJOLD FKH LO QHPLFR SRWHVVH HVVHUH VSD]]DWR
FRQ SRFKL FROSL EHQH DVVHVWDWL GHOOD QRVWUD DUWLJOLHULD SUREDELOPHQWH
VL SHQVDYD FKH QRQ IRVVH QHFHVVDULR PLJOLRUDUH O

DUPDPHQWR LQGLYL
GXDOH
&RPXQTXH TXDOFKH FHQWLQDLR H DQFKH TXDOFKH PLJOLDLR GL IXFLOL
PRGHOOR LQSL QRQ DYUHEEH FDPELDWR O

HVLWR GHOOD EDWWDJOLDSHUVD
VRSUDWWXWWRSHUODVFDUVDFRQRVFHQ]DGHOOD]RQDHSHUO
LPSLHJRDVSL]
]LFKLGHOOHWUXSSH&HUWRXQDGRWD]LRQHGLFDUWXFFHLQYHFHFKHGL

GLTXHVWRqLOQXPHURSUHVFULWWRSHUJOLDUPDWLGL9HWWHUOLHG
q OR VWHVVR LQGLFDWR QHOO
RUGLQH G
RSHUD]LRQL ILUPDWR GD %DUDWLHUL DOOD
YLJLOLDGHOODEDWWDJOLDXQWLURWHVRGLPHWULLQYHFHFKHGLFD
ULFDWRUL D VHL LQYHFH FKH D TXDWWUR FROSL DYUHEEHURDXPHQWDWR GL SD
UHFFKLROHSHUGLWHDELVVLQHFKHIXURQRGHOSHU FHQWRGHJOLHIIHWWLYL
DPPRQWDQWL D ROWUH FHQWRYHQWLPLOD XRPLQL 0D SURSULR TXL q LO QRF

FLRORGHOODTXHVWLRQH&HQWRYHQWLPLODXRPLQLDUPDWLSHUXQDPHWjFRQ
L*UDV H L 5HPLQJWRQD FROSRVLQJROR HSHU O
DOWUDFRQ 9HWWHUOL9LWDOL H
0DXVHUEHOJLDULSHWL]LRQHPDDYHQWLXQDSHUIHWWDFRQRVFHQ]DGHOWHU
UHQR H LPSLHJDWLFRQ GHFLVLRQH QRQ SRWHYDQR QRQ VFRQILJJHUQH TXDW
WRUGLFLPLODGLFXLIDQWLLWDOLDQLLQGLJHQLDUWLJOLHUL
/DQFLHULDUPDWLGL PRVFKHWWLH GLODQFHPRGHOOR DOO

LQL]LR GHOOD
SULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH

ELDQFKL H VXGDQHVL PXQLWL GL IXFLOH H XQ PLJOLDLR IUD XIILFLDOL
VRWWXIILFLDOLH VROGDWL DUPDWLGL UHYROYHUSHUGLSLVRWWR XQ FRPDQGR

LQHIILFLHQWH
, JUDQGL DVVHQWL GHOOD EDWWDJOLD GL $GXD IXURQR XQD FDUWD WRSR
JUDILFDPROWRSUHFLVDGLVHJQDWDGDOJHRJUDIRIUDQFHVHG
$EEDGLHHJOL
HOLRJUDILFKHVDUHEEHURVWDWLSUH]LRVLSHUOHFRPXQLFD]LRQLIUDOHTXDW
WUREULJDWH7XWWRTXHVWRPDWHULDOHYHQQHODVFLDWRD0DVVDXD
5REHUWR %DWWDJOLD QHOOD VXD HVDXULHQWH RSHUD /D SULPD JXHUUD
G
$IULFDHGL]LRQL (LQDXGL ULSRUWD D FRQIURQWR OD FDUWLQD FRQVHJQDWD
DL FRPDQGDQWL GL EULJDWD SULPD GHOOD EDWWDJOLD H OD FDUWD WRSRJUDILFD
HVDWWD/DSULPDVHJQDXQWHU]RGHOOHFLPHUHDOPHQWHHVLVWHQWLSHUGL
SL GLVHJQDWH QHO SRVWR VEDJOLDWR WDQWR YDOHYD FKH %DUDWLHUL 'DERU
PLGD$OEHUWRQH $ULPRQGL HG (OOHQDVL VHUYLVVHURG
XQDFDUWLQDGHOOD
YDO*DUGHQD
/DPDJJLRU SHQHWUD]LRQHGHOSURLHWWLOHGLSLFFRORFDOLEURQRQ VDUHE
EHVHUYLWDFRQWUDULDPHQWHDTXDQWRTXDOFXQRKDVFULWWRJOLDELVVLQLL
TXDOLQRQ FRPEDWWHYDQRFHUWR VXILOH VHFRQGROD VFXRODGL )HGHULFRLO
*UDQGHRLQTXDGUDWLQHOEDWDLOORQFDUUpQDSROHRQLFRGLVROLWRQRQDYH
YDQRODFRPSLDFHQ]DGLPHWWHUVLXQRGLHWURO
DOWURSHUIDUVLVSDUDUH
1RQVLSXzFHUWRHVFOXGHUHFKHTXDOFXQRDGHVHPSLRXQXIILFLDOHR
XQR GHL GXH JLRUQDOLVWL FDGXWL QHOOD EDWWDJOLD DEELD XVDWR XQ PD
XQIDWWRGHOJHQHUHRYYLDPHQWHQRQ DYUHEEHDOFXQDLPSRUWDQ]D VWRUL

FD
0ROWR SUREDELOPHQWH LO QRQ IX GLVWULEXLWR QHSSXUH DOOH WUXSSH
FKHDOFXQHVHWWLPDQHGRSROLEHUDURQR&DVVDODGDOO
DVVHGLRGHL'HUYLVFL
HUDJJLXQVHURLOIRUWHGL$GLJUDWSHUHYDFXDUORHGLVWUXJJHUOR

4XDUDQW
DQQL GRSR $GXD H QHOOD VWHVVD UHJLRQH LO 7LJUp DVFDUL DUPDWL
GLPRVFKHWWLSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOLV
LQFRQWUDQRFRQWUXSSHQD]LRQDOL
4XHVWLSUHVLGLHUDQRPXQLWLGLDUWLJOLHULDSHUORSLFDQQRQLGDFP
%5 5HW H FHUWR $GLJUDWGL TXDWWUR PLWUDJOLDWULFL *DUGQHU D PDQR

YHOODFDOLEUR9HWWHUOLGRWDWHGLPLQXWLGLIXRFR,OPDU]R
LO TXRWLGLDQR /D 6HUD FRPXQLFDYD FKH PH]]R PLOLRQH GL FDU
WXFFH FDULFKH D EDOLVWLWH HUDQR VWDWH LQYLDWH GDL GHSRVLWL GL 9HURQD D
1DSROLSHUHVVHUHVSHGLWHD0DVVDXDPDSUREDELOPHQWHVLWUDWWDYDGL
FDUWXFFH GD 9HWWHUOL H FRPXQTXH DQFKH VH IRVVHUR VWDWH GD QRQ
VDUHEEHURDUULYDWHLQWHPSRGDWRFKHOHFRORQQHGLVRFFRUVRHUDQRJLj
SDUWLWH6RORLOPDJJLRJLXQVHGD5RPDODQRWL]LD,,PLQLVWHURGHOOD
JXHUUDKDGLVSRVWRFKHWXWWHOHWUXSSH OHTXDOLULPDUUDQQRQHOODFROR
QLD (ULWUHD WDQWR LWDOLDQH FKH LQGLJHQH VLHQRDUPDWHGL IXFLOH QXRYR
PRGHOOR

&
HUD SHUz DQFRUDFKLVRVWHQHYD FKHQRQ VRORLOPD QHSSXUH LO
9HWWHUOL FRQ SURLHWWLOL EOLQGDWL DQGDYD EHQH , FRORQQHOOR 1DYD FDW
WXUDWRDG$GXDGDJOL6FLRDQLHULPDVWRSHUDOFXQLPHVLSULJLRQLHURGL
5DV 0DQJDVFLj DO VXR ULWRUQR D 0DVVDXD DIIHUPz FKH QHO FDPSR WL
JULQRVL YHGHYDQRPROWLVVLPLIHULWLHDWWULEXLYD FLzDO QRVWUR IXFLOH LO
TXDOHSURGXFHGHOOHIHULWHQHWWHFKHULHVFRQRTXLQGLPRUWDOLRGLIDFLOH
JXDULJLRQH,OIXFLOHGLQXRYR PRGHOOR DFFHQWXD DQFRUD TXHVWRHIIHWWR
SHUFXLLOFRORQQHOORqG
DYYLVRFKHYROHQGRRWWHQHUHXQHIIHWWRPDJJLR
UH H SL PLFLGLDOH YDO PHJOLR LO IXFLOH GL JURVVR FDOLEUR D SDOORWWROD
VFDPLFLDWD
,GXEELVXOSURLHWWLOHGLSLFFRORFDOLEURHUDQRJLjQDWLGRSRODFDP
SDJQDGHO&KLWUDOFRQGRWWDGDJOLLQJOHVLFRQWURJOLDIJDQLQHO/H
SDOORWWROH 0DUN,, FDOLEUR PP SHVDQWL JUDPPL ULYH
VWLWRGLUDPHHQLFKHOVYLOXSSDQWLXQDYHORFLWjLQL]LDOHGLPHWULDO
VHFRQGR QRQ HUDQRLQ JUDGRGL PHWWHUH VXELWRIXRULFRPEDWWLPHQWR L
JXHUULHULQHPLFL*LRUJLR 2UODQGLLQXQVXRDUWLFRORLQWLWRODWR/DSDO
ORWWROD'XP'XPFRPSDUVRQHOPDJJLRVXOODULYLVWD$UPLHUL
FLWDLOFDVRGLXQDVSLDFKHFRQGDQQDWDDOODIXFLOD]LRQHIXWUDSDVVDWD
GD VHL SURLHWWLOL DOOD GLVWDQ]DGL GRGLFL SDVVL H ODVFLDWD SHU PRUWD VL
ULDO]zH IXJJu 'DSSULPDDOO
LQFRQYHQLHQWHRYYLDURQRJOLVWHVVL VROGDWL
DVSRUWDQGR SDU]LDOPHQWH O
LQFDPLFLDWXUD GDOOD SXQWD D FROSL GL OLPD
PD LO SURLHWWLOH SHUGHYD SUHFLVLRQH H SRWHYD DGGLULWWXUD VFDPLFLDUVL
GHQWURODFDQQD1HOLOFDSLWDQR%HUWLH&OD\VRYULQWHQGHQWHDOOD
IDEEULFDGLPXQL]LRQLGL'XP'XPSUHVVR&DOFXWWDFRVWUXuXQDSDO
ORWWROD LO FXL QXFOHR GL SLRPER HUD LQ SXQWD SULYR GL FDPLFLDWXUD ,O
'XP'XP 0DUN ,, 6SHFLDO FRPH YLHQH FKLDPDWR LO QXRYR SURLHWWLOH
SHQHWUDQGRQHOODFDUQHVLHVSDQGHYDDIXQJRSURGXFHQGRGDQQLPROWR

VLPLOLD TXHOOL GL XQD SDOOD GL JURVVR FDOLEUR SXU PDQWHQHQGR OH FD
UDWWHULVWLFKHEDOLVWLFKHGHLSLFFROLFDOLEUL $OWULSURLHWWLOLHVSDQVLYL PD
D SXQWDFDYD IXURQRDGRWWDWL QHJOL DQQLVHJXHQWLILQFKpQHO OD
FRQIHUHQ]DGHOO
$LDSURLEuOHSDOORWWROHQRQWRWDOPHQWHLQFDPLFLDWH
,Q ,WDOLDOD PDJJLRU SDUWH GHJOL HVSHUWL FHUFz GL PLQLPL]]DUH LO SUR
EOHPDIDFHQGRSUHVHQWH FKHOH SHUGLWH GHL&KLWUDOHVL HUDQR VWDWH GL
RWWRXRPLQLHTXHOOHLQJOHVLGLXQRHFKHPDJJLRULPSRUWDQ]DVLGRYHYD
GDUHDOODEDWWDJOLDGL&RQFyQFRPEDWWXWDLODJRVWR GXUDQWHOD
JXHUUD FLYLOH FLOHQD 2WWRPLODFLQTXHFHQWR FRQJUHVVLVWL DUPDWL GL
0DQQOLFKHUPPVFRQILVVHURRWWRPLODEDOPDFHGLVWLPXQLWLGLIXFLOLGL
JURVVR FDOLEUR ULVXOWDWR EDOPDFHGLVWL XFFLVL IHULWL H
FRQJUHVVLVWL WUD PRUWL H IHULWL 6L PHWWHYD DQFKH LQ HYLGHQ]D O
HIIHWWR
LGURGLQDPLFRFKHIDFHYDHVSORGHUHOHRVVDFRQPLGROORHLWHVVXWLHJOL
RUJDQLULFFKLGLOLTXLGLTXDQGRLOSURLHWWLOHOLFROSLYDDOOHEUHYLGLVWDQ
]H$GLVWDQ]HPDJJLRULODSDOODSHUGHYDVWDELOLWjHDSSHQDWRFFDYDXQ
FRUSRVLFDSRYROJHYDSURGXFHQGRIHULWHODFHUDQWL
$QRVWURSDUHUHO
LQFRQYHQLHQWHSLJUDYHGHOSLFFRORFDOLEURqGDWR
GDOVXRFRPSRUWDPHQWRLQFDVRGLIRUWHYHQWRFKHORIDIDFLOPHQWHGH
YLDUHSLFKHGDJOLHIIHWWLLQXQFRUSR XPDQR ,OSUREOHPDFRPXQTXH
ULPDVHWDQWRFKHFRPHYHGUHPRQHOIXDGRWWDWRXQFDOLEURVX
SHULRUHLQSUDWLFDQRQGLVWULEXLWRDFDXVDGHOODJXHUUDORVWHVVR0XV
VROLQL LQ XQD ULXQLRQHWHQXWD LO JHQQDLR GLVVH 6LSHQVDYD
FKH FRO IXFLOH RWWLPR PD FRQ SDOORWWROH XPDQLWDULH VL SRWHVVH
DQGDUHFRQWURLOFDUURDUPDWRFRQFDQQRQLGD
&RPXQTXH SHU TXDVL YHQW

DQQL LO QXRYR IXFLOH QRQ HEEH RFFD
VLRQH

GLYHQLUHFROODXGDWRFRQWURXQQHPLFRDJJXHUULWR,QIDWWLLOQRQLQYL
GLDELOHRQRUHGLSURYDUHSHUSULPLLOPRUVRGHLSURLHWWLOLGHOWRFFzDL
PLODQHVLGXUDQWHODUHSUHVVLRQHGHLGLVRUGLQLGHOPDJJLR/HIRWR
VELDGLWHGHOO
HSRFDSHUPHWWRQRGLLGHQWLILFDUHVLDSXUHD IDWLFD SDUWL
FRODULHORTXHQWLFRPHOHOXQJKHVFDWROHVHUEDWRLRQHLIXFLOLLPSXJQDWL
GD EHUVDJOLHUL H DOSLQL 1RQ q FHUWR LO FDVR GL GHILQLUH EDWWHVLPR GHO
IXRFR XQD FRVu WULVWH FLUFRVWDQ]D Qp OH VFDUDPXFFH FRQWUR EULJDQWL
QRVWUDQLSUHGRQLDIULFDQLHER[HU
$SURSRVLWRGHOODULYROWDGHL%R[HUGREELDPRULFRUGDUHFKHLPDULQDL
LWDOLDQLLTXDOLVLEDWWHURQRFRQGLVSHUDWRFRUDJJLRSHUGLIHQGHUHLPLV
VLRQDULDVVHGLDWLD3HFKLQRHUDQRDUPDWLFRQFDUDELQHqLOWHUPLQHFRQ
FXL OD 0DULQD GHILQLVFH FLz FKH OH DOWUH DUPL FKLDPDQR PRVFKHWWR
9HWWHUOL%HUWROGR)HUUDFFL D WUH FROSL FRQWHQXWL LQ XQ VHUEDWRLR FHQ

WUDOH 4XHVWR IDWWR GLPLQXLVFH GL PROWR O
LPSRUWDQ]D GHOO
LPSLHJR GHO
GXUDQWHOHRSHUD]LRQLLQ&LQD
7XWWDYLDDQFKHQHOSHULRGRGLSDFHWUDVFRUVRIUDODGLVWULEX]LRQHVX
YDVWD VFDODGHO HO

LPSUHVDGL /LELD LO PLQLVWHUR GHOOD JXHUUD ULFH
YHWWH GDL UHSDUWL XQ IOXVVR GL ODPHQWHOH H VXJJHULPHQWL FKH WDOYROWD
SRUWDURQRDPLJOLRUDPHQWLGHOO
DUPD4XHVWHULFKLHVWHOHUHSOLFKHGHOOD
GLUH]LRQH G
DUWLJOLHULD R L ULVXOWDWL GHOO
DFFRJOLPHQWR GHL FRQVLJOL VRQR
VLQWHWL]]DWLLQSXEEOLFD]LRQLDQQXDOLGHOPLQLVWHURLQWLWRODWH4XHVWLRQL
ULDVVXQWLYH ULJXDUGDQWL OH DUPL RJQL IDVFLFROR ULSRUWD L ULVXOWDWL GHO

O
DQQDWD SUHFHGHQWH $OOD VFXROD G
DSSOLFD]LRQH G
DUPD GL 7RULQR VL
WURYDQR LIDVFLFROLFKHYDQQRGDO DO IRUWXQDWDPHQWH L SL
LQWHUHVVDQWLSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGDLO
9HQLDPRFRVuDVDSHUH FKHQHOHQHO JOLDUPDLROLGHLUH
SDUWLIXURQRFRVWUHWWLDVRVWLWXLUHERWWRQLGHOO
DO]RSHUFKpVLSHU

GHYDRORJRUDYDODURVHWWD,SUREOHPDIXULVROWRFRQO
RUGLQHGLULEDGL
UHOHURVHWWH1HOOHODPHQWHOHIXURQRXQDYDODQJD,OLO
O
H O
IDQWHULD O
DFFDGHPLD PLOLWDUH H LO DOSLQL GHQXQFLDYDQR
ULFDOFDPHQWL GHOOD WHVWD GHO FLOLQGUR RWWXUDWRUH H FRQVHJXHQWH UH

VWULQJLPHQWRGHOIRURG
XVFLWDGHOSHUFXVVRUH9HQQHURIRUQLWLDLFRUSL
PRUVHWWLVSHFLDOLDYLWHSHUWHQHUIHUPLLFLOLQGULRWWXUDWRUH HXQDVHULH
GLTXDWWURVSLQHQXPHUDWHHSHUDOODUJDUHLIRUL $TXDOFKH
GLVDUPR DXWRPDWLFR GHO FDQH GRYXWR DO ORJRUDPHQWR GHOOD SXQWD GHO
ULVDOWR HOLFRLGDOH GHO FDQH V
RYYLz ULVSRQGHQGR 6SDUDWL WURSSL FROSL
OXEULILFDUHGLSL/DFUHVWDGHOPLULQRVLSHUGH"5LEDWWHUH
0DULQDLLWDOLDQLDUPDWLGLIXFLOHLQD]LRQHLQ/LELDQHO

,OPDJJLRUODYRURIXGDWRGDOFRSULFDQQDGHOIXFLOHFKHVLVSDFFDYD
R SHUGHYD VRSUDWWXWWR VH SRUWDWR D EUDFFL

DUP VXOOD VSDOOD VLQLVWUD
SHUFKpLQ WDOH SRVL]LRQHD PROOHWWD GHOOD IDVFHWWD XUWDQGR FRQWUR OR
]DLQR YLHQH SUHPXWD YHUVR O

DOWR H ODVFLD VIXJJLUH LO FRSULFDQQD 1HO
VLVWXGLDURQROHPRGLILFKHFRQVLVWHQWLLQXQQXRYRFRSULFDQQD
SULYRGLSDUWLPHWDOOLFKHLOTXDOHVLFROOHJDDOODIDVFHWWDDVXDYROWDRS
SRUWXQDPHQWH DGDWWDWD PHGLDQWH XQ
DSSRVLWD JROD SUDWLFDWD QHO OH
JQR *OL HVSHULPHQWL HIIHWWXDWL GXUDQWH O
DJRVWR GHO GDO H
GDOO
IDQWHULDGDOEHUVDJOLHULHGDODOSLQLFKHULFHYHWWHUR
IXFLOL PRGLILFDWL SHU UHJJLPHQWR GLHGHUR ULVXOWDWL VRGGLVIDFHQWL H QHO

LOQXRYRWLSRGLFRSULFDQQDIXDGRWWDWR
1HOVRUVHXQDOWURSUREOHPDULJXDUGDQWHLOPRVFKHWWRSHU
WUXSSHVSHFLDOLDUWLJOLHULDHJHQLRHQWUDWRLQVHUYL]LRGLHFLDQQLSULPD

XQ
DUPD OXQJD TXDQWRLO PRVFKHWWR GD FDYDOOHULD PD FRQ OD FDVVD
FKH DUULYD D TXDVL RWWR FHQWLPHWUL GDOOD YRODWD H GRWDWD GL XQD VFLD
ERODEDLRQHWWD GLVLQQHVWDELOH/DEULJDWDG
DUWLJOLHULDGDPRQWDJQDGHO
UHJJLPHQWR ODPHQWDYD FKH OD VFDWRODVHUEDWRLR GHO PRVFKHWWR
TXDQGR TXHVWR YHQLYD SRUWDWR D WUDFROO

DUP GXUDQWH LO WLUR GHL SH]]L
FDXVDYDD PRWLYRGHJOLVEDWWLPHQWL LQHYLWDELOL H GHOOD SUHVVLRQHHVHU

FLWDWD VXOOH XOWLPH FRVWROH GHOOD SDUWH GHVWUD GHOOD SHUVRQD VRIIHUHQ]H
DOOHWUXSSH,OFRPDQGRGLEULJDWDSURSRVHGLVSRVWDUHODPDJOLHWWDLQ
IHULRUHDOODSDUWHVLQLVWUDGHOFDOFLRFRPHSHULPRVFKHWWL/DGLUH
]LRQHJHQHUDOHDPPLQLVWUDWLYDG
DUWLJOLHULDHJHQLRULVSRVHFKHHUDDOOR
VWXGLRODTXHVWLRQH/DIDEEULFDG
DUPLGL%UHVFLDSURSRVHWUHPRGHOOL
TXHOOD GL 7RULQR XQR PD TXDQGR O

LQFDUWDPHQWR FKH LPPDJLQLDPR
RUPDL SLXWWRVWR YROXPLQRVR YHQQH VRWWRSRVWR DOO

LVSHWWRUDWR GHOOH
WUXSSH GL PRQWDJQD IX HPHVVR XQ YHUGHWWR FKH ULFKLDPD LQHYLWDELO
PHQWHDOODPHPRULDLOFODVVLFRXRYRGL&RORPER

&RQVLGHUDQGR QRQ HVVHUH QHFHVVDULR FKH QHO VHUYL]LR GHO SH]]R L
VHUYHQWLWHQJDQRLOPRVFKHWWR SRWHQGRTXHVWRHVVHUHGLVSRVWRDWHUUD
YLFLQRDOSH]]RSHUPRGRGDHVVHUHVHPSUHDSRUWDWDHIILFDFHVLHVSUL
PH SDUHUH VIDYRUHYROH DOOD SURSRVWD ,Q UHDOWj LQ XQ
HSRFD FKH QRQ
VLDPR ULXVFLWL D SUHFLVDUH PD VHQ]
DOWUR SULPD GHO LO VXJJHUL
PHQWR GL DJJLXQJHUH DOWUH GXH PDJOLHWWH VXO ODWR VLQLVWUR IX DFFROWR
FRPHWHVWLPRQLDO
HVLVWHQ]DGHOPRVFKHWWR76PRGLILFDWR
$UWLJOLHULD VRPHJJLDWD GHO UHJJLPHQWR GHOOD GLYLVLRQH /HJQDQR GX

UDQWHPDQRYUHLQ3LHPRQWHQHOO
HVWDWHGHOSHaBLVRURRELFLGD
6NRGD FDWWXUDWLDOO
$XVWULDPRVFKHWWLVRQRPRGHOOR VL
QRWLQROHSRVL]LRQL ODWHUDOL GHOOH PDJOLHWWH LQ DUPL GHULYDQWL SHU WUDVIRU
PD]LRQHGDLIXFLOLLTXDOLKDQQRLQYHFHOHPDJOLHWWHVRWWRLOFDOFLR

QRWRGDDOWUHIRQWLFKHJOLHVWUDWWRULVXELURQRPRGLILFKH QHO
H QHOPD FLz QRQ ULVXOWD GDL ULDVVXQWL /

XOWLPR IDVFLFRORSDUOD
GHOOHEXRQHSURYHGDWHGDOIXFLOHGXUDQWHODJXHUUDGL/LELDHDGGHELWD
LSRFKLLQFRQYHQLHQWLDOO
LPSHUL]LDHDOODWUDVFXUDWH]]DGHOWLUDWRUH
,O HUD RUPDL URGDWR 1RQ q GLIILFLOH LPPDJLQDUH FKH LQ /LELD OD
VXD JUDQGH QHPLFD IX OD VDEELD FKH SHQHWUDYD QHO PHFFDQLVPR GL
DOLPHQWD]LRQH H TXLQGL QHOOH DOWUH SDUWL GHO PHFFDQLVPR DWWUDYHUVR
O
DSHUWXUD LQIHULRUH GHOOD VFDWRODVHUEDWRLR &RPH GLPRVWUDQR IRWR H
SHUVLQRGLVHJQLGL$FKLOOH%HOWUDPHYHQLYDXVDWDXQDFRSHUWLQDGLWHOD
FKHIDVFLDYDOHSDUWLSLGHOLFDWH,PSLHJDWRVX XQ WHUUHQRVFRSHUWRH

VXOXQJKHGLVWDQ]HLOGLPRVWUzOHVXHEXRQHTXDOLWjEDOLVWLFKH
/
DUPDPHQWR GHL WXUFKL HUD SLXWWRVWR HWHURJHQHR IXFLOL 0DUWLQL
+HQU\ PRQRFROSR D EORFFR GLVFHQGHQWH FDOLEUR PP

0DXVHU PRGHOOR D QRYH FROSL FDOLEUR PLOOLPHWUL OHQWL GD
FDULFDUHDFDXVDGHOVHUEDWRLRWXERODUH0DXVHU PRGHOOR FDOLEUR
FRQ VFDWROD VHUEDWRLR VSRUJHQWH H LQILQH IXFLOL PRGHOOR H
H PRVFKHWWLPRGHOOR DQFKHTXHVWLD VLVWHPD 0DXVHU PD

FRQ VHUEDWRLR LQWHUQR , 0DXVHU LQ GD QRQ FRQIRQGHUH FRQ OH
FDUWXFFH GD SLVWROD GL FDOLEUR XJXDOH PD DVVDL PHQR SRWHQWL HUDQR
WXWWLDFLQTXHFROSLPDSHUTXDQWRULJXDUGDLOSRWHUHG
DUUHVWRHO
LP
SHUPHDELOLWjULVSHWWRDOODVDEELDHUDQROHJJHUPHQWHVXSHULRULDO
/DJXHUUDOLELFDGLHGHOXRJRDXQDXPHQWRGHOODSURGX]LRQHGLDUPL
OXQJKHULYHODWRVLSURYYLGHQ]LDOHSHULOJUDQGHVIRU]RFKHOHIDEEULFKHGL
7HUQL H GL %UHVFLD OH XQLFKH ULPDVWH D IDEEULFDUH IXFLOL H PRVFKHWWL
GRSRODSDU]LDOHFKLXVXUDGHJOLVWDELOLPHQWLGL7RULQRH7RUUH$QQXQ

)XFLOLHUL GHO IDQWHULD GXUDQWH OD FDPSDJQD GL /LELD 1RQRVWDQWH OH
SRVL]LRQLEHOOLFRVHGLVROGDWLHXIILFLDOLLOQHPLFRQRQqPROWRYLFLQRFR
PH LQGLFDQR OH DUPL LQ VLFXUD OH FRSHUWLQH GL WHOD F DGGLULWWXUD LO ID]
]ROHWWRDTXDGUHWWLFKHIDVFLDQRLPHFFDQLVPLGLDOFXQLIXFLOL
]LDWDGRYHWWHURDIIURQWDUHGXUDQWHODSULPDJXHUUD PRQGLDOH3HU DX
PHQWDUHDQFRUDODSURGX]LRQHFKHIUDLOJHQQDLRHO
DSULOH
HUDSDVVDWDGDDIXFLOLPHQVLOLD7HUQLHGDDPR
VFKHWWLD%UHVFLDIXURQRSRWHQ]LDWLJOLLPSLDQWLHDVVXQWLQXRYLRSHUDL
PHQWUHOHULSDUD]LRQLGHOOHDUPLSRUWDWLOLYHQQHURDIILGDWHGLUHWWDPHQWH
DOOH GLUH]LRQL G
DUWLJOLHULD , RWWREUH OD SURGX]LRQH PHQVLOH
HUD GL WUHPLOD IXFLOL D 7HUQL H GXHPLOD PRVFKHWWL D %UHVFLD $ FDXVD

GHOODGLVWULEX]LRQHGHOPRGHOOR76LQ/LELDHLQ(JHRDOFXQLFRU

SL GHOO
HVHUFLWR PHWURSROLWDQR IXURQR FRVWUHWWL DG DUPDUH FRQ IXFLOL
WUXSSHFKHGRYHYDQRLQYHFHHVVHUHPXQLWHGLPRVFKHWWR
1HOODSURGX]LRQHGLIXFLOLFUHEEHDQFRUDLOJHQQDLR
QHOIHEEUDLRLO,OXJOLRPHQWUHTXHOODGLPRVFKHWWLQRQ
HEEHXQLQFUHPHQWRFRVuIRUWHULVSHWWLYDPHQWHHDOOHSUL
PHGHOOHGXHGDWHRUDLQGLFDWH2FFRUUHYDSHUzDXPHQWDUHODULVHUYD
FLRqLOQXPHURGLDUPLGHVWLQDWHDIXQ]LRQDUHGDQXFOHREDVHSHULUL
IRUQLPHQWLQRUPDOLGHOOHWUXSSHRSHUDQWLHSHUO
DUPDPHQWRGHOSHUVR
QDOH QRQDGGHVWUDWRDIIOXHQWHQHLSULPLJLRUQLGLPRELOLWD]LRQHDL YDUL
GHSRVLWL 7DOH FLIUD HUD QHOO
DSULOH GL DUPL ROWUH DOOH
DSSDUWHQHQWLDOOHVRFLHWjGLWLURDVHJQR6LGHFLVHGLVRVWLWXLUH
DOPRPHQWRGHOODGLFKLDUD]LRQHGLJXHUUDOHDUPLPRGHOORLQGRWD
]LRQH DOOH WUXSSH FRORQLDOL H DOO

DUWLJOLHULD GL IRUWH]]D FRQ L FRUULVSRQ
GHQWLWLSLGL9HWWHUOL
1HOO
DJRVWRRJQXQRGHLIXFLOLGHOO
HVHUFLWRFDPSDOHGL
VSRQHYDGLFDUWXFFHPHQWUHRJQXQRGHLPRVFKHWWLQHDYH
YD 1HO GLFHPEUH &DGRUQD VXOOD EDVH GL QRWL]LH FKH GL
PRVWUDYDQR FRPH LO FRQVXPR GL PXQL]LRQL QHOOD JXHUUD HXURSHD FR
PLQFLDWD GD TXDWWUR PHVL UDJJLXQJHYD YHUWLFL SULPD QRQ LPPDJLQD
ELOL RUGLQzFKH LO PXQL]LRQDPHQWR YHQLVVH SRUWDWR D FROSL SHU

DUPDPDQRQRVWDQWHFKHL ODERUDWRULSLURWHFQLFLGL &DSXD H %RORJQD
DGRWWDVVHURO
RUDULRFRQWLQXDWRGLRUHVXFRPSUHVLLJLRUQLIHVWL
YLDVVXPHQGRRSHUDLVWUDRUGLQDULHDFTXLVWDQGRQXRYHPDFFKLQHQR
QRVWDQWHFKHORVWDELOLPHQWRGHOOD6RFLHWj0HWDOOXUJLFD,WDOLDQDD%DU
GDORQHVSLQJHVVHOD SURGX]LRQH DO PDVVLPR QRQ VL UDJJLXQVHUR QHS
SXUHOHFDUWXFFHSHUDUPD/DUDJLRQHGLFLzYDULFHUFDWDDQFKH

QHOIDWWRFKHSHUOHPLWUDJOLDWULFLHQRQVLSRWHYDIDUGLYHUVDPHQWHHUD

VWDWRSUHYLVWRXQPXQL]LRQDPHQWRGLFROSLO
XQD,QSUDWLFDLO
ULIRUQLPHQWR JLRUQDOLHUR HUD GL XQD FDUWXFFLD SHU DUPD SRUWDWLOH H GL

SHUPLWUDJOLDWULFH
,QGLFDWLYDGHOUDSSRUWRIUDLYDUL WLSLGLDUPLqXQDWDEHOOD SXE
EOLFDWDIUDJOLDOOHJDWLGHOYROXPH,ELV /HIRU]HEHOOLJHUDQWLGHOODVHULH
/
HVHUFLWRLWDOLDQRQHOOD*UDQGH*XHUUDHGLWDGDOO
XIILFLR
VWRULFRGHOFRPDQGRGHOFRUSRGL6WDWR0DJJLRUHPLQLVWHURGHOODJXHU
UD6HFRQGRTXHVWDWDEHOOD LOJHQQDLR QHOWHUULWRULR PHWURSR
OLWDQR VL WURYDYDQR IXFLOL PRVFKHWWL H PR
VFKHWWL 76 QRQFKp DUPL PRGHOOR FRPSUHVH
TXHOOH QHOOH FRORQLH H YHQGXWH LO PDJJLR DOOD GLWWD
=XQLQR H 5RVVHWWL FKH SHUz QRQ OH ULWLUz ODVFLDQGROH D GLVSRVL]LRQH

GHOOHIRU]HDUPDWHLWDOLDQH
$OWUHSRFKHFLIUHGDQQRODPLVXUDGHOORVIRU]RFRPSLXWRGXUDQWHOD
JXHUUDGDJOLDUVHQDOLPLOLWDULLWDOLDQL7HUQLSURGXVVHIXFLOLH
EDLRQHWWH %UHVFLD ROWUH D VIRUQDUH QHO FRUVR GL WXWWD OD
JXHUUD PRVFKHWWL SURGXVVH DQFKH SDUWL VWDFFDWH
PHQWUH OH IDEEULFKHGL 7RULQR H 7RUUH $QQXQ]LDWD FRPSLURQR OH ULSD
UD]LRQL$7HUQL IXURQRDQFKHULXWLOL]]DWHOH VFLDEROHEDLRQHWWD SHUIX

FLOHOHTXDOLHEEHURODODPDWDJOLDWDLQGXHFRQOHSXQWHVLIHFH
UREDLRQHWWHSHUIXFLOLHSXJQDOLSHUJOLDUGLWLFRQLOUHVWREDLRQHWWH
SHU L 9HWWHUOL PRGLILFDWL SHU LO FDOLEUR H PXQLWL GL VHUEDWRLR WLSR
0DQQOLFKHU1RQFRQRVFLDPRLOQXPHURHVDWWRGHL9HWWHU,LWUDVIRUPDWL
PDQRQVXSHUzFHUWRLHVHPSODULGDWRFKHQRYHFHQWRPLODIX
URQRYHQGXWLDOOD5XVVLD OD TXDOHDIIDPDWDGL DUPLQH FRPSUDYD LQ
*LDSSRQHQHJOL6WDWL8QLWLHGRYXQTXHSRWHVVH

$ VLQLVWUD IXFLOH 9HWWHUOL PRGHOOR FRQ VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD

DFFRUFLDWD$GHVWUDPRVFKHWWR9HWWHUOLPRGHOORGDFDUD
ELQLHULFRQODEDLRQHWWDLQDVWDWD6LQRWLQROHVFDWROHVHUEDWRLR WLSR

$VLQLVWUD PRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR FRQEDLRQHWWDFDSRYROWD$

GHVWUDPRVFKHWWR9HWWHUOLPRGHOORGDWUXSSHVSHFLDOL

2OWUH FKH SHU L PDUFKL LPSUHVVL VXOOH IDFFHWWH L IXFLOL PRGHOOR
SURGRWWL QHOOH GLYHUVH IDEEULFKH VL ULFRQRVFRQR SHU DOFXQH FDUDWWHUL
VWLFKHSDUWLFRODUL4XHOOLFRVWUXLWLD%UHVFLDHD7RUUH$QQXQ]LDWDKDQ
QR LO PLULQR VSRUJHQWH GLUHWWDPHQWH GDOOD FDQQD PHQWUH L IXFLOL SUR
GRWWL D 7RULQR H 7HUQL OR KDQQR VSRUJHQWH GD XQD IDVFHWWD LQYHVWLWD
VXOOD FDQQD , IXFLOL XVFLWL GDOOD IDEEULFD GL 7HUQL KDQQR OD FDVVD
SLFRUWDGLXQFHQWLPHWURHVDWWRULVSHWWRDTXHOODGHJOLVWHVVLPRGHOOL
FRVWUXLWLQHOOHDOWUHWUHIDEEULFKH FRVLFFKpQHLSULPLDEDLRQHWWD LQD

VWDWD OD FDQQD GHOO
DUPD VSRUJH GL XQ FHQWLPHWUR ROWUH O
DQHOOR GHOOD
FURFLHUDPHQWUHQHJOLDOWULODYRODWDqDOODSDUL,IXFLOLGL7RULQR %UH
VFLDH7RUUH$QQXQ]LDWDKDQQRLOQXPHURGLPDWULFRODLPSUHVVRDQFKH
VXOODSDUWHVLQLVWUDGHOO
DO]RROWUHFKHFRPHQHOOHDUPLSURGRWWHD7HU
QLVXXQDIDFFHWWDGHOODFDQQDHVXOOHJQRGHOFDOFLR,QILQHOHIDEEUL
FKH GL 7RULQR %UHVFLD H 7RUUH $QQXQ]LDWD XVDYDQR HVFOXVLYDPHQWH
IDJJLR SHU OH FDVVH GHL IXFLOL GD HVVH SURGRWWL PHQWUH 7HUQL LPSLHJz
DOWHUQDWLYDPHQWHGXUDQWHOHYDULHHSRFKHGLIRUQLWXUDIUDVVLQRHIDJJLR
7UHPLOLDUGLHPLOLRQLGLFDUWXFFHSHUDUPLYHQQHURSURGRWWL
GXUDQWHLOFRQIOLWWRDOODILQHGHOTXDOHODSURGX]LRQHJLRUQDOLHUDHUDGL
PXQL]LRQL
)XFLOLHPRVFKHWWLIXURQRGHJQLDYYHUVDULGHJOL6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU
PRGHOOR DXVWULDFL ULVSHWWR DL TXDOL DYHYDQR XQD FDSDFLWj GHO
VHUEDWRLRPDJJLRUHGLXQFROSRPDXQSRWHUHG
DUUHVWRHXQDFHOHULWj
GLWLURPLQRUHGDWRFKHLIXFLOLGHOQHPLFRHUDQRLQFDOLEURPLOOLPHWUL
HFRQRWWXUDWRUHVRORVFRUUHYROH
,OFDULFDWRUHDSDFFKHWWRLWDOLDQRqPLJOLRUHGLTXHOORDXVWULDFRSHU
FKpTXHVWRqDIRUPDGLSDUDOOHOHSLSHGRFLRqDVLPPHWULFRHTXLQGL

SXz HVVHUH LQILODWR QHO VHUEDWRLR GD XQD SDUWH VROD RSHUD]LRQH SL
FRPSOLFDWDQHOO
RVFXULWjRQHOO
HFFLWD]LRQHGHOFRPEDWWLPHQWR
6XSHULRUL DL H DL 0DQQOLFKHU HUDQR L 0DXVHU LPSLHJDWL GDOOH
WUXSSH WHGHVFKH GDWR FKH O

DOLPHQWD]LRQH D SLDVWULQH FRQVHQWLYD GL
ULHPSLUH LO ORUR VHUEDWRLR FKLXVR LQIHULRUPHQWH FRQ FDUWXFFH VFLROWH
SUHVHGDQDVWULGLPLWUDJOLDWULFL,OHOR 6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU SRWHYDQR
HVVHUH FDULFDWL VROR FRO FDULFDWRUH D SDFFKHWWR RSSXUH XVDWL D FROSR

VLQJRORFDULFDWRUHFKHVLSHUGHYDIDFLOPHQWHSHUFKpFRQ
XOWLPRFRO
)DQWHULDLWDOLDQDVXO0RQWHOORQHO
SRFDGHYDIXRULGDOO
DUPD(UDTXHVWRXQGLIHWWRFDXVDWRGDOIDWWRFKH
DOO
LQL]LRGHJOLDQQL1RYDQWDOHPLWUDJOLDWULFLHUDQRFRVuSRFRGLIIXVHGD
QRQ UHQGHUH QHFHVVDULD O

LQWHUFDPELDELOLWj GHO PXQL]LRQDPHQWR q
FRQVRODQWHLOIDWWRFKHQHO*DUDQGULSHWqO
HUURUHSURJHWWDQGRLO

IXFLOHVHPLDXWRPDWLFRFKHQHOVDUHEEHVWDWRDGRWWDWRGDJOL 6WDWL
8QLWLLQXQ
HSRFDLQFXLWDOHHVLJHQ]DHUDPROWRSLVHQWLWD 6L WHQJD
LQROWUH SUHVHQWH FKH L FDULFDWRUL D SDFFKHWWR 0DQQOLFKHU VWULQJRQR OH

FDUWXFFH VX XQD VROD ILOD LO FKH ULGXFH GL PROWR JOL LQFHSSDPHQWL
PHQWUH LO FDULFDWRUH GHO *DUDQG FRPH L VHUEDWRL GHL 0DXVHU GHL
/HH(QILHOGWUDWWHQHQGRLFROSLVXGXHILOHHGLVSRVWLDTXLQFRQFHSXz
SHUPHWWHUHDOODSXQWDGHOSURLHWWLOHGLXUWDUHFRQWURODEDVHGHOODFDQ
QDFRUULVSRQGHQWHDOYLYRGLFXODWWDHEORFFDUVL
1RQ ULVXOWD VLDQR VWDWL GLVWULEXLWL D FDQQRFFKLDOH SHU LO FHFFKL
QDJJLR PHQWUH q QRWLVVLPR O

XVR GL FRQJHJQL GL PLUD WHOHVFRSLFL GD
SDUWHGLTXDVLWXWWHOHDOWUHQD]LRQLEHOOLJHUDQWL
,QFRPSHQVRO
DXWRUHqULXVFLWRDWURYDUHWUDDOFXQHIRWRVFDWWDWHGDO
VXRSUR]LRVHUJHQWH8PEHUWR0RQWLQDQHOVXOPRQWH 5RPERQ
ODSURYD GHOO
LPSLHJRGDSDUWHLWDOLDQDGHO FRQ SHULVFRSLR ,O IXFLOH
YHQLYDLQFDYDOFDWRVXXQWHODLRGLOHJQRHGRWDWRGLXQFRPSOHVVRGL
$OSLQL IRWRJUDIDWL QHO VXO PRQWH 5RPERQ LQWRUQR D XQ IXFLOH
PXQLWRGLSHULVFRSLRLQDOWRDOFHQWUR

VSHFFKLHWWL FKH FRQVHQWLYDQR GL PLUDUH VWDQGR LQWHUDPHQWH DO ULSDUR
GHQWURODWULQFHD
6HQWLQHOOD DOSLQD DUPDWD GL IXFLOH GXUDQWH OD SULDPD JXHUHD PRQ
GLDOH6LQRWLLOSHVDQWHYHVWLDULR FKH LPSHGLVFHDOVROGDWRGL DOODFFLDUVL
OHJLEHUQHPRG

(VLVWRQR WHVWLPRQLDQ]H LQ EDVH DOOH TXDOL SRVVLDPR DIIHUPDUH FKH
PRVFKHWWLIXURQRSRUWDWLLQYRORGD DYLDWRULLWDOLDQL DOPHQR ILQRDO

PD QRQ FL ULVXOWD FKH WDOL DUPL DEELDQR DEEDWWXWR DSSDUHFFKL
QHPLFLLQGXHOOLDHUHLLQFRPSHQVRLOIXRFRGLIXFLOHULDGDWHUUDLQIOLVVH
SDUHFFKLHSHUGLWHDOO
DYLD]LRQHDXVWULDFDFKHSHUGHWWHLQWDOPRGRSHU
VLQRXQGLULJLELOH
/
LQGXVWULD LWDOLDQD WUD LO H LO IX VHQ]
DOWUR DOO
DOWH]]D
GHOOD VLWXD]LRQH SXU UHDOL]]DQGR SURILWWL HFFHVVLYL ROWUH DOOH FLIUH RUD
HVSRVWH WRUQDQR D VXR RQRUH DOFXQL SULPDWL FRPH OD FUHD]LRQH GHOOD
SULPDSLVWRODPLWUDJOLDWULFHUHDOL]]DWDQHOPRQGROD9LOODU3HURVDPR
GHOORFDOLEUR *OLVHQWL ELQDWDGDFXLGHULYDURQRLSULPLPLWUD
LWDOLDQLGHOSLYHORFHDHUHRGDULFRJQL]LRQHGHOWHPSROR 69$GLRW
WLPLERPEDUGLHULFRPHL&DSURQL
/RVWHVVRQRQVLSXzGLUHGHOYHQWHQQLRIDVFLVWDQRQRVWDQWHL
&DVWHO%HQLWRPDU]R,WDOR %DOERSDVVDLQULYLVWDLSDUDFDGXWL
VWLOLELFLDUPDWLDQFRUDFROPRVFKHWWRDEDLRQHWWDULSLHJDELOH

&RUHRJUDILD GHO UHJLPH VLQRWLQRLERVVROL DFFRUWDPHQWH LQILODWLVXOOH
SXQWHGHOOHEDLRQHWWH

EHOOLFRVLVWURPED]]DPHQWLPXVVROLQLDQL LOSDHVHDIIURQWzODJXHUUD LQ
FRQGL]LRQLFKHGHILQLUHPPRULGLFROHVHQRQDYHVVHURSRUWDWRDOO
LQXWLOH
VDFULILFLR GL FHQWLQDLDGL PLJOLDLD G
LWDOLDQL 1RQ q TXHVWR LO OXRJRSHU
SDUODUHGHLOHQWLDHUHLDPRWRUHVWHOODUHGHOOHQDYLGDJXHUUDVHQ]DUD
GDUGHLFDUUL DUPDWLSHUIRUDELOL GDOOH PLWUDJOLDWULFL FDOLEUR GHJOL
DQWLFDUUREXRQLWXWW
DOSLSHUIHUPDUHOHDXWREOLQGR
)DQWLGLPDULQD GHO EDWWDJOLRQH 6DQ0DUFR SHU OH YLH GL 5RPD DOO
LQL]LR
GHJOLDQQL7UHQWD6LQRWLQROHJLEHUQHGLWHOD JULJLDGHVFULWWHGD$OHVVLR
*ULPDOGLQHOODWHU]DSDUWHGLTXHVWROLEUR
/LPLWLDPRFL DO FDPSR GHOOH DUPL SRUWDWLOL H D ULFRUGDUH FKH LO ORUR
PXQL]LRQDPHQWR DEEUDFFLDYD EHQ GRGLFL GLYHUVL WLSL GL FDUWXFFH QRQ

LQWHUFDPELDELOL H SHU DUPL H SHU LO PLWUDJOLDWRUH %UHGD
%URZQLQJSHUSLVWROH%HUHWWDPRGHOORHSHUPLWUD

JOLDWULFL GD DHUHR PP SHU OH PLWUDJOLDWULFL )LDW PRGHOOR H %UHGD
PRGHOORHPPFRUWRSHUOHSLVWROH%HUHWWDPRGHOOR PP
*OLVHQWL H PP 3DUDEHOOXP SHU OH SLVWROH DXWRPDWLFKH *OLVHQWL PR

GHOOR %HUHWWD H H SHU L YDUL PLWUD SHU
UHYROYHU PRGHOOR H GHULYDWL H UHYROYHU PRGHOOR SHU
9HWWHUOL9LWDOL SHU L IXFLOL PLWUDJOLDWRUL IUDQFHVL FDWWXUDWL PRGHOOR
PP/HEHOSHUPLWUDJOLDWULFL6DLQW(WLHQQH H+RWFKNLVVPP
6WH\USHUDUPLOXQJKHDXVWULDFKHPRGHOORHPLWUDJOLDWULFL
8Q GXEDW DUPDWR FRPH PROWH WUXSSH LQGLJHQH DO VHUYL]LR GHOO
,WDOLD
FRQXQIXFLOH6WH\U0DQQOLFKHU PRGHOORHUHODWLYHJLEHUQHFDWWXUD
WRDOO
$XVWULD8QJKHULD

6FKZDU]ORVH$OFRQIURQWRLWHGHVFKLDYHYDQRVRORLOSDUDEHOOXPSHU
SLVWROH H PLWUD H LO 0DXVHU SHU IXFLOL H PLWUDJOLDWULFL *OL VWD
WXQLWHQVLLOSHUIXFLOLHPLWUDJOLDWULFLLO$XWR&ROW 3LVWROSHU
SLVWROHDXWRPDWLFKHHPLWUD LO &DUELQHSHU OH FDUDELQH0 LO
6SHFLDO SHU L UHYROYHU *OL LQJOHVL VHL FDOLEUL LO SHU IXFLOL IXFLOL
PLWUDJOLDWRUL H PLWUDJOLDWULFLLO SHU L UHYROYHU SL PRGHUQL LO

SHULYHFFKLUHYROYHULO3DUDEHOOXPSHULOPLWUD6WHQLO$&3SHULO
PLWUD7KRPSVRQ HLOSHU OH PLWUDJOLDWULFL GD PH]]LEOLQGDWLR FR

UD]]DWL %HVD FKH FRVu SRWHYDQR XWLOL]]DUH PXQL]LRQL WHGHVFKH FDWWX
UDWH
/DGLGDVFDOLD GHOOD IRWRFRQVHJQDWD DOODVWDPSD GDOO

,VWLWXWR/XFHGRSR
(O$ODPHLQGLFH)XRFRGLQRVWUHDUPLDXWRPDWLFKHFRQWURUHSDUWLQHPLFL
VXO IURQWH HJL]LDQR ,Q UHDOWj VL WUDWWD GL XQ XQLFR %UHGD H GL GXH
PRVFKHWWLGDFDYDOOHULD

6ROR LO PLWUD R PRVFKHWWR DXWRPDWLFR %HUHWWD $ VXVFLWz O

LQYLGLD
GLDYYHUVDUL H WHGHVFKL WDQWR FKH TXHVWL XOWLPL OR IHFHUR DFFRUFLDUH H

DOOHJJHULUH WUDVIRUPDQGROR LQ XQ
DUPD HFFHOOHQWH PD QH IXURQR GL
VWULEXLWL SRFKLVVLPL EHQFKp D TXDQWR DIIHUPDQR YRFL ULFRUUHQWL FHQ
WLQDLD GL PLJOLDLD IRVVHUR GLVSRQLELOL QHL PDJD]]LQL /D PLWUDJOLDWULFH
%UHGDHUDFRQVLGHUDWDDEEDVWDQ]DEXRQDPD LO VLVWHPDG
DOLPHQ
WD]LRQHDSLDVWULQHGDYHQWLHUDPDFFKLQRVRHGHVSRQHYDWURSSRLOVHU
YHQWHDGHVVRDGGHWWR/D%HUHWWDHUDULFHUFDWDFRPHSUHGDEHOOLFD
QRQSHUOHVXHTXDOLWjEDOLVWLFKHSLXWWRVWRVFDUVHTXDQWRSHUODVHP
SOLFLWjODFRPSDWWH]]DHODOHJJHUH]]DFKHQHIDFHYDQRXQDEXRQDDU
PDFLYLOH
3HVVLPL HUDQR LO IXFLOH PLWUDJOLDWRUH %UHGD H OD PLWUDJOLDWULFH
)LDW LOSULPRV
LQFHSSDYDTXDVL VXELWRH OD VHFRQGD VH QRQ V
LQ
FHSSDYDDQFK
HVVDVFDOGDQGRVLFXRFHYDYLDWXWWRLOQDVWURGDWR
$QFRUD LO IXFLOH PLWUDJOLDWRUH %UHGD VWDYROWD VXO IURQWH UXVVR H DF
FRPSDJQDWRGDXQPRVFKHWWRPRGSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOL

FKHVSDUDDRWWXUDWRUHFKLXVRHGRSRXQSR
ODFDUWXFFLDWUDWWHQXWDLQ
FDQQDYLHQHDFFHVDGDOFDORUH
4XDQWRDOODIDPLJOLDGHLVLHUDDUULFFKLWDGLDOWULUDPSROOLGDS
SULPDLPRVFKHWWLQDWLGDOO
DFFRUFLDPHQWRDFHQWLPHWULGHOOD
FDQQDGHL IXFLOL HSUDWLFDPHQWHXJXDOL DL PRVFKHWWL 76 PRGLILFDWL
VDOYRSHUO
DO]ROXQJRSRLLPRVFKHWWLHLIXFLOL4XHVWLIXURQRLO
IUXWWR GL VWXGL FRPLQFLDWL QHO GDOO
DOORUD PDJJLRUH GL DUWLJOLHULD
5REHUWR%RUDJLQHLQVHJXLWRDOODFRQVWDWD]LRQHFKHO
DO]RJUDGXDELOH
,OPRVFKHWWRGXUDQWHPDQRYUHGLEHUVDJOLHULQHJOLDQQL7UHQWD6L
QRWLODWDFFDG
DO]RVSRVWDWDLQDYDQWL

*HQLHULDUPDWLGLIXFLOHFROERFFKLQRPRGLILFDWRGXUDQWHODIHVWDGHO
*HQLRQHOD5RPD

QHLPRVFKHWWLqSUHVVRFKpLQXWLOH*LjQHOO
2WWRFHQWRVLHUDYLVWRFKH
LOVROGDWRXQDYROWD JUDGXDWRO
DO]R VX XQD GDWDGLVWDQ]D UDUDPHQWH
OR ULDGDWWDYD TXDQGR LO QHPLFR V
DOORQWDQDYD R V
DYYLFLQDYD 'XUDQWH
ODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHSHULOWLURG
LQWHUGL]LRQHLOIXRFRGLIXFLOHULD
IXVRVWLWXLWRGDLFDQQRQLDWLURUDSLGRHGDOOHPLWUDJOLDWULFLHTXLQGLOD
GLVWDQ]DG
LPSLHJRGHOIXFLOHVLULGXVVHDTXDOFKHFHQWLQDLRGLPHWULD
WUHFHQWRVHFRQGROHSXEEOLFD]LRQLVSHFLDOL]]DWHGHJOLDQQL7UHQWD
$QFKHLOFDOLEURRUPDLGHFLVDPHQWHFRQVLGHUDWRWURSSRSLFFRORGR
YHYDHVVHUH PRGLILFDWRH XQD QXRYD FDUWXFFLDLQ H FRO FRUSR GHO
ERVVROR QRQ GLVVLPLOH GD TXHOOD GHOOD IX VWXGLDWD D 7HUQL GDO FR
ORQQHOOR*LXVHSSH0DLQDUGLLQFROODERUD]LRQHFRQODVRFLHWj%RPEULQL
7UXSSHLQGLJHQHDOVHUYL]LRGHOO
,WDOLDGXUDQWHODJXHUUDLQ$IULFDVHWWHQ
WULRQDOHDOODILQHGHO6LQRWLROWUHDLIXFLOLODPLWUDJOLDWULFHOHJ
JHUD%UHGDPRGHOORGDFXLGHULYzLOPLWUDJOLDWRUH%UHGD

/D GLGDVFDOLD IRUQLWD DOOD VWDPSD GDO 31) GLFH *LRYHQW GHO /LWWRULR
SURQWDDGRJQLFRPEDWWLPHQWR6LDPRQHOPDJJLRLPRVFKHWWLVR
QRPRGHOOR76LQFDOLEUR'RYHVRQRDQGDWH DILQLUHOHDUPL FDOL
EURFKHDYUHEEHURGRYXWRHVVHUHIRUQLWHDOOD*,/"
3DURGL'HOILQRHOD6RFLHWj0HWDOOXUJLFD,WDOLDQD3HUXQVLPLOHFDOL
EUR H IRUVH DQFKH LQ DVVROXWR OD ULJDWXUD SURJUHVVLYD HUD LQXWLOH H
SHUFLz YHQQH DEEDQGRQDWD /D QXRYD FDUWXFFLD HUD PROWR VWDELOH D
FDXVDGLXQQXFOHRG
DOOXPLQLRFROORFDWRQHOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHLQPRGR
GD GLPLQXLUH LO SHVR UHODWLYR GHOOD SXQWD 0D OD JXHUUD DUPDL LPPL
QHQWH UHVH LQXWLOL TXHVWL VIRU]L SHU QRQ FRPSOLFDUH XOWHULRUPHQWH LO
SUREOHPDORJLVWLFRVLGHFLVHGLWRUQDUHDOYHFFKLRFDOLEURHOHDUPLPR
GHOOR IXURQR FRVWUXLWH GL QXRYR LQ VROR FHQWRPLOD WUD IXFLOL H
PRVFKHWWLYHQQHURSURGRWWLLQROWUHDXQFHUWRTXDQWLWDWLYRGLIX
FLOL PLWUDJOLDWRUL %UHGD 4XHVWH DUPL IXURQR GLVWULEXLWH DOOD *LRYHQW

,WDOLDQDGHO/LWWRULRPDFLzQRQLPSHGuFKHFDUWXFFHFDOLEURDUUL
YDVVHUR D UHSDUWL DUPDWL FRQ IXFLOLR PRVFKHWWL FDOLEUR H FRPEDW
WHQWLLQ*UHFLDRLQ$IULFD
8Q IXFLOH GD IDQWHULD FRQ OD FDQQD SL FRUWD GL QRYH FHQWLPHWUL IX
GLVHJQDWRGDOPDJJLRUH%RUDJLQHHYHQQHDGRWWDWRQHO
/
DEEDQGRQR GHOOD FDUWXFFLD SRUWz DQFKH DOOD ULQXQFLD DG
DGRWWDUHLOIXFLOHVHPLDXWRPDWLFR5HYHOOL$UPDJXHUUDPRGHOORQDWR
LQ WDOH FDOLEUR DOOD YLJLOLD GHO FRQIOLWWR ,Q SUHFHGHQ]D ILQ GDO
O
HVHUFLWR LWDOLDQRDYHYD SURYDWRH UHVSLQWR SL G
XQDGR]]LQDGL IXFLOL
VHPLDXWRPDWLFLDOFXQLGHLTXDOLIDEEULFDWLFRQSDUWLGLDUPL
,OLQWXWWHOHVXHYDULDQWLDQFKHVHQRQSURSULRGHFUHSLWRFR
PHORGHILQuLOJHQHUDOH)DYDJURVVDQHOVXROLEUR3HUFKpSHUGHPPROD
JXHUUD5L]]ROL(GLWRUHHUDSXUVHPSUHLQIHULRUHDOVXRGLUHWWR
DQWDJRQLVWD LO IXFLOH /HH(QILHOG D GLHFL FROSL FDOLEUR PXQLWR
QHOOD YHUVLRQH SL GLIIXVD LO 1 0DUN ,,, GL XQD OXQJD VFLD
ERODEDLRQHWWD FKHDYHYDXQHIIHWWRSVLFRORJLFRHQRQVRORSVLFRORJLFR

DVVDLVSLDFHYROHSHUFKLVHODYHGHYDDUULYDUHDGGRVVR,JUHFLDYHYDQR
IXFLOL QRQ GLVVLPLOLGDL QRVWUL 0DQQOLFKHU6FK|QDXHU FDOLEUR PD
OH ORURDUPLSL WHPLELOL HUDQR L PRUWDL SDUH FKH TXHVWLIRVVHUR VWDWL

IRUQLWLDOOD*UHFLDGDOO
,WDOLDFRQ OLYHOOHDVSLULWRPHQWUHTXHOOLLWDOLDQL
DYHYDQR OLYHOOH DG DFTXD FKH JHODQGR VL VSDFFDYDQR 8Q SDUDJRQH
FRQLOVHPLDXWRPDWLFR0 *DUDQGLQGRWD]LRQHDJOLDPHULFDQLQRQ YD
QHSSXU IDWWR ROWUH DG DYHUH XQD FHOHULWj GL IXRFR HOHYDWLVVLPD TXH
VW
DUPDKDXQDFDUWXFFLDFRQFDUDWWHULVWLFKHEDOLVWLFKHSDUDJRQDELOLD
TXHOOHGLXQDPLWUDJOLDWULFHSHVDQWH
/HWUXSSHVRYLHWLFKHDUPDWHDOO
LQL]LRGHOODJXHUUDTXDVLWRWDOPHQWH
FRQIXFLOLDRWWXUDWRUHJLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH 0RLVLQ1DJDQW PRGHOOR

QRQPROWRGLYHUVLGDOORURFRHWDQHRLWDOLDQRHEEHUREHQ SUHVWRLQGR
WD]LRQH XQ QXPHUR FUHVFHQWH GL SLVWROH PLWUDJOLDWULFL 336K H GL IXFLOL
VHPLDXWRPDWLFL 7RNDUHY $QFKH L VRYLHWLFL FRPH L WHGHVFKL HEEHUR LQ
GLVWULEX]LRQHVRORGXHWLSLGLFDUWXFFHLO0RLVLQ SHU IXFLOLPLWUD

JOLDWRUL H PLWUDJOLDWULFL H O
DOWUR LO 7RNDUHY LGHQWLFR DO
0DXVHUSHUSLVWROHHPLWUD
FRPSUHQVLELOHTXLQGLFKHGRSR
VHWWHPEUHVLDOHIRU]HIDVFLVWH
TXDQWRLSDUWLJLDQLHOHWUXSSHFREHOOLJHUDQWLGLVSUH]]DVVHURLOFRQ
VLGHUDQGRORXQSR
LOVLPERORGHOORVFUHGLWDWR5HJLR(VHUFLWR
9HURQD PDJJLR %HUVDJOLHUL YRORQWDUL GHL EDWWDJOLRQL G

DVVDOWR
%HQLWR0XVVROLQL6LQRWLQR L PDQLFL GHOOH EDLRQHWWH SHU IXFLOH PRGHOOR
HGHLSXJQDOLVSRUJHUHGDOOH FLQWXUHGHOSULPRGHOWHU]RHGHLVH
JXHQWLEHUVDJOLHULGHOOD ILODDUPDWLGLPRVFKHWWRDEDLRQHWWDILVVDULSLH
JDELOHODGLPRVWUD]LRQHGHOO
LQXWLOLWjGHOODEDLRQHWWDQRQVWDFFDELOH

1DWXUDOPHQWHOHDUPLPRGHOORVSHFLDOPHQWHTXHOOHSLFRUWHFR
VWLWXLURQRLOQHUERGHOO
DUPDPHQWRSDUWLJLDQRSURSULRSHUFKpFHQ
HUD
QR WDQWH FKp JURVVL TXDQWLWDWLYL HUDQR VWDWL VRWWUDWWL DOOH UHTXLVL]LRQL
WHGHVFKHGDFLYLOLRGDPLOLWDULVEDQGDWLWXWWDYLDLSDUWLJLDQLQXWULYDQR
XQD FRVu IRUWHDQWLSDWLDSHU WDOH DUPDFKH L ORURJLRUQDOL DG HVHPSLR
,, &RPEDWWHQWH 1 RWWREUH GHSORUDYDQR LO VRYUDQR GL
VSUH]]RSHULOPRVFKHWWRHLOIXFLOHHXQDVSHFLHGLLGRODWULDSHULOPL
WUD
9DO OD SHQDGL ULSURGXUUH SDU]LDOPHQWH LO WHVWR GHOOD SXEEOLFD]LRQH
FLWDWD
&KHXQ
DUPDDXWRPDWLFDVLDGLUHQGLPHQWRPDJJLRUHGLXQDVHPL
3DUWLJLDQL LQ 3LHPRQWH QHOO

LQYHUQR 6L QRWL O
DUPDPHQWR FRVWLWXLWR
GDPRVFKHWWLGDFDYDOOHULD HGDWUXSSH VSHFLDOL HGD PLWUD %HUHWWD
$HSULPDYHUVLRQH

DXWRPDWLFD q HYLGHQWH PD GD TXL DG DUULYDUH D GLVSUH]]DUH LO PR
VFKHWWRYLqXQDEHOODGLIIHUHQ]D
,O PLWUD DUPD VSHFLDOH SHU XQD ORWWD UDYYLFLQDWD H SHU OH LPER
VFDWHKDXQDVFDUVLVVLPDSUHFLVLRQHGLWLURDGLVWDQ]HPHGLH
PHWUL QHO FDVR SRL GHO PLWUD LQJOHVH 6WHQ TXHVWR QRQ DVVLFXUD QHV
VXQDSUHFLVLRQHGLIXRFRDOGLOjGHLFHQWRPHWUL
1HLFRPEDWWLPHQWLGLPRQWDJQDQRQVLWUDWWDGLWLUDUHPROWR PDGL
WLUDUHEHQHHTXDQGRPDQFDQROHPLWUDJOLHSHULQWHUGLUHDOQHPLFRXQ
SDVVDJJLR REEOLJDWR R O
DFFHVVR DG XQD QRVWUD SRVL]LRQH YDOJRQR GL
SLGHLEXRQLWLUDWRULFKHFROPRVFKHWWRRDQFRUDPHJOLRFRQXQEXRQ
YHFFKLRIXFLOH
RG XQ 0DXVHU WHGHVFR DSSOLFKLQR DOOD OHWWHUD SHU
RJQLQHPLFRXQDSDOORWWRODSHURJQLSDOORWWRODXQQHPLFR
3HULOQHPLFRFKHDYDQ]DqEHQSLLPSUHVVLRQDQWHHSLGDQQRVRLO
IXRFRSUHFLVRFKHJOLDEEDWWHLVXRLXRPLQLGLSXQWDHFKHSURYLHQHGD
WXWWHOHSDUWLGDSXQWLGLIILFLOPHQWHUHSHULELOLFKHQRQGDOOHQXPHURVH
UDIILFKH D FXL SXz VHPSUH ULVSRQGHUH FRQ XQD SL LQWHQVD D]LRQH GL
IXRFR
0LWUD ELVRJQDFHUFDUH GL DYHUQH LO SL SRVVLELOH H XWLOL]]DUOLSHU OH
LPERVFDWHHSHUODORWWDUDYYLFLQDWDPDPRVFKHWWLSXUHELVRJQDDYHU
QHHIXFLOLHGDUOLLQPDQRDXRPLQLFKHVDSSLDQRFRPHVSDUDUHFKH
DEELDQRILGXFLDQHOWLURGHOOHSURSULHDUPL
6WDGLIDWWRFKHDEELDPRIDWLFDWRDWURYDUHIRWRGLSDUWLJLDQLDUPDWL
FRQPRVFKHWWLRIXFLOLPRGHOORRR ODPDJJLRU SDUWHGHL

JXHUULJOLHULDSSHQDSRWHYDQROLVRVWLWXLYDQRFRQDUPLDXWRPDWLFKH R
LQPDQFDQ]DGLPHJOLRFRQ0DXVHUFDWWXUDWLDOQHPLFR
'RSRODJXHUUDOHIRU]HDUPDWHLWDOLDQHIXURQRLQJUDQSDUWHDUPDWH

FRQ WUH JHQHUD]LRQLGL IXFLOL L /HH(QILHOG D ULSHWL]LRQH RUGLQDULD GDO

L*DUDQGVHPLDXWRPDWLFLGDOHL%0G
DVVDOWRDYHQWL
FROSLHVHOHWWRUHSHU OD UDIILFDH LO FROSR VLQJROR DWWXDOPHQWH LQ GRWD

]LRQHGDO/HGDWHLQGLFDWHIUDSDUHQWHVLVRQRDSSURVVLPDWLYHHVL
1DSROL OXJOLR )DQWL GHO QXRYR HVHUFLWR LWDOLDQR SUHVHQWDQR OH
DUPL DOOD EDQGLHUD GHO IDQWHULD FKH ULHQWUD GDOOD 6RPDOLD IXFLOL
VRQR 6KRUW 0RGHO /HH(QILHOG 1R 0N FXL VRQR VWDWH DGDWWDWH
EDLRQHWWHGD

'XUDQWHOHJUDQGLPDQRYUH/DWHPDUQHOO
HVWDWHGHO DVVDOWDWRUL
DOSLQLVSDUDQRFRO*DUDQG0OXQRGHLVXFFHVVRULGHO
HVLULIHULVFRQRDLUHSDUWLPHJOLRDUPDWLDGHVHPSLRQHODEELDPR
YLVWRXQEDWWDJOLRQHIXFLOLHULWHUULWRULDOHFKHDYHYDDQFRUDL/HH(QILHOG
HQHOORVWHVVRSHULRGRFKLVFULYHPRQWDYDODJXDUGLDDOGHSRVLWRGLXQD
EULJDWDDOSLQDFRQXQPRVFKHWWRGDFDYDOOHULDPRGHOORHOHJLEHUQH
PRGHOOR $QFRUD RJJL L FDUDELQLHUL KDQQR LQ GRWD]LRQH WDOL PR
VFKHWWLDFFDQWRDO%0HOD&HOHUHLPSLHJDL76SHULOODQFLRGLFDQ
GHORWWLODFULPRJHQL
4XDQWR DL IXFLOL H LO PLQLVWHUR GHOO

LQWHUQR OL ULWLHQH WDO
PHQWHVXSHUDWLFKHKDFRQFHVVRDOODGLWWD-DJHUGL0LODQRODOLFHQ]D
GL YHQGHUQH FLUFD TXDWWURPLOD VXO PHUFDWR QD]LRQDOH FRQVLGHUDQ
GROL RUPDL FLPHOL SXUFKp DEELDQR O

DO]R EORFFDWR VXL PHWUL H OD
FDPHUDGLVFRSSLRGLVDWWLYDWDFRQXQIRUR
,OLQSDUWLFRODUHLOIXFLOHFDOLEURVDOuDOODULEDOWDGHOOD
VWRULDDOODILQHGHOTXDQGRVLVRVWHQQHFKHFRQXQ
DUPDGHOJH
QHUHPXQLWDGLFDQQRFFKLDOHDTXDWWURLQJUDQGLPHQWL/HH+DUYH\2
VZDOG XFFLVH LO SUHVLGHQWH -RKQ )LW]JHUDOG .HQQHG\ 7DOH DIIHUPD
]LRQHFRQIHUPDWDGDOUDSSRUWR:DUUHQVXVFLWzODSHUSOHVVLWjGLWXWWL

FRORURFKHVLLQWHQGRQRGLDUPL1HVVXQRPHWWHLQGXEELRFKHFRQXQ
VL SRVVD FROSLUH XQ EHUVDJOLR SHU WUH YROWH LQ SRFR SL GL FLQTXH
VHFRQGL q OD SUHVHQ]D GHO FDQQRFFKLDOH FKH UHQGH SHUSOHVVL ,QIDWWL
SHUHIIHWWRGHOULQFXORHGHOO
D]LRQDPHQWRGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHODYLVXDOHGHO
,OSLUHFHQWHVXFFHVVRUHGHOLOIXFLOHG
DVVDOWR%0GXUDQWHPD
QRYUHQHOO
HVWDWHGHO

WLUDWRUHQRQFRLQFLGHSLFRQO
DVVHGHOFDQQRFFKLDOHHLOEHUVDJOLRUL
PDQHFRSHUWDGDXQDPDFFKLDQHUDILQFKpQRQVLULSULVWLQDO
DOOLQHD
PHQWR1HOFDVRSDUWLFRODUHLQROWUHLOEHUVDJOLRHUDLQPRYLPHQWRH
WHQGHYDDGXVFLUHGDOULVWUHWWRFDPSRGHOFDQQRFFKLDOHIDFHQGRSHU
GHUHDOWURWHPSRDOWLUDWRUH
,O PDU]R FRPSDUYHUR VX 3DULV 0DWFK OH IRWRJUDILH GL XQ
PRVFKHWWR GD FDYDOOHULD H XQ PRVFKHWWR 76 PRGHOOR LQ PDQR D
JXHUULJOLHULFLDGLDQLDVVHGLDWLLQ XQD VFXROD GL $RX]RX GDOOHIRU]H JR

YHUQDWLYH &RQ L SDUWLJLDQL HUDQR DOFXQL JLRUQDOLVWL FKH ULXVFLURQR D
IRWRJUDIDUHTXDOFKHIDVHGHOORVFRQWURHDXVFLUQHYLYL/DSUHVHQ]DQHO
&LDG GL TXHVWLYLHX[IXVLOV LWDOLHQV FRPH OL GHILQLVFH O

DUWLFROR q ID
FLOPHQWHVSLHJDWD GDOOD YLFLQDQ]D GHOOD /LELD &RVu VHVVDQW
DQQLGRSR
HVVHUHVWDWRLPSLHJDWRQHOOD FRORQL]]D]LRQHGHOO
$IULFDLO VSDUDDQ
FRUDPDVWDYROWDSHUOLEHUDUHGDOQHRFRORQLDOLVPR XQSDHVHDIULFDQR

$50$0(172,1',9,'8$/(
'85$17(/$35,0$*8(55$021',$/(
&DUDELQLHULUHDOL
&DUDELQLHUL D SLHGL PR
VFKHWWR PRGHOOR RSSXUH IX
PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR SHU
DUPLVSHFLDOL
3HUVRQDOH GHOOH VH]LRQL GL SL
FLOHPRGHOOR
VWROHPLWUDJOLDWULFL
VFKHWWRPRGHOORVFLDERODGD
VWRODHVHPSLRLSRUWDVFXGL
&DUDELQLHUL D FDYDOOR PR
FDYDOOHULDHSLVWROD
)DQWHULD
5HSDUWLGLIDQWHULDJUDQDWLHUL
EHUVDJOLHULHGDOSLQL GHOO
HVHUFLWR
SHUPDQHQWH R GHOOD PLOL]LD PR
ELOHIXFLOHPRGHOORFRQVFLD
ERODEDLRQHWWD
RSSXUH IXFLOH
PRGHOORULGRWWRDOFDOLEUR
0
%DWWDJOLRQLGL07IXFLOHPR
SLVWROD
VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD RSSXUH SL

$OFXQLPLOLWDULDYHQWLLQFDULFKL
VSHFLDOL PDUHVFLDOOLDWWHQGHQWL
DOFXQL PLOLWDUL GHOOH XQLWj PL

WUDJOLDWULFL FRQGXFHQWL HFFHWH
UDVRQRDUPDWLGLSLVWROD
*OL XIILFLDOL VXEDOWHUQL VRQR
DUPDWL GL PRVFKHWWR PD GHE

ERQRSRUWDUHDQFKHODSLVWROD
&DYDOOHULD
/DQFLHUL
VFLDEROD
ODQFLD
GHOOR FRQ VFLDEROD
PRVFKHWWRGDFDYDOOHULDPRGHOOR
EDWWDJOLRQL IXFLOH PRGHOOR
&DYDOOHJJHUL VFLDEROD H PR
EDLRQHWWD RSSXUH SHU DOFXQL

FRQVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD
%HUVDJOLHUL FLFOLVWL SDUWH GHO
SHUVRQDOH GHOOH VH]LRQL PLWUD
JOLDWULFL SHUVRQDOH GHOOH VDOPH

ULHH GHLFDUUHJJL

VFKHWWR GD FDYDOOHULD PRGHOOR

$UWLJOLHULD
$UWLJOLHULD
GD
FDPSDJQD
WUXSSDVFLDERODEDLRQHWWDGD

JKHVLQRDFRQVXPD]LRQH FDQ
QRQLHUL VROGDWL HG DSSXQWDWL
VFLDEROD G
DUWLJOLHULD JUDGXDWL
VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD
VFLDERODG
DUWLJOLHULDHSLVWROD
*HQLR
SLVWRODFLFOLVWLPRVFKHWWR
,QROWUH RJQL EDWWHULD DYHYD
JUDGXDWL
6RWWXIILFLDOL JUDGXDWL H WUXS
XQD GRWD]LRQH GL YHQWXQR PR
SD PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR FRQ
$UWLJOLHULD D FDYDOOR WUXSSD
$OFXQL VRWWXIILFLDOLJUDGXDWL H
VFKHWWLPRGHOOR
VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD
VFLDERODG
DUWLJOLHULDHSLVWROD
PLOLWDUL GL WUXSSD DYHQWL FDULFKH
WUXSSDPRVFKHWWRPRGHOORH
GHOORRG
$UWLJOLHULD
GD
VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD
PRQWDJQD
JUDGXDWL
SLVWROD H VFLDEROD G
DUWLJOLHULD
LQWHPSRGLSDFH
VSHFLDOLSLVWRODDURWD]LRQHPR
0LOLWDULGHOWUHQRSLVWRODDUR
WD]LRQH PRGHOOR RG
6HUYL]LR WUHQR G
DUWLJOLHULD
WUXSSDPRVFKHWWRPRGHOORH
,OEDWWDJOLRQH DYLDWRUL HUDDUPDWRFRQPRVFKHWWLPRGHOOR 76 FD
UDELQH:LQFKHVWHUPRGHOORFDOLEURHSLVWROHGLYDULWLSLWUD
FXLOD0DXVHUGDPDULQDPRGHOOR
,QROWUHOD PDULQD HUD PXQLWD GL IXFLOL GLVWULEXLWLDOOH WUXSSH GD
VEDUFRHGLPRVFKHWWLPRGHOOR76GL9HWWHUOL)HUUDFFL HGL9HWWHU
OL%HUWROGR LQGRWD]LRQHDERUGRGHOOHQDYLQRQFKpGLSLVWROHDURWD]LR
QHPRGHOORHHDXWRPDWLFKH0DXVHUPRGHOOR*OLVHQWLPR
GHOOR%UL[LDPRGHOORH%HUHWWDGLYDULWLSL

0(&&$1,&$(025)2/2*,$
'(//($50,02'(//2
GL5XJJHUR%HORJL
)XFLOHPRGHOORFRQEDLRQHWWDHIRGHURGLFXRLR
,OIXFLOHPRGHOOR GDLPDQXDOLPLOLWDULYLHQHGHILQLWR$UPDSRUWD
WLOH GDIXRFRD ULSHWL]LRQH RUGLQDULD SHU LO WLUR WHVR DOOH EUHYL GLVWDQ]H
FRQWUREHUVDJOLDQLPDWLYHUWLFDOLHDOORVFRSHUWR
/HSDUWLSULQFLSDOLGHOIXFLOHVRQRODFDQQDODFXODWWD PRELOHOD
FDVVDLOPHFFDQLVPRGLFDULFDPHQWRHVSDURFRQLFRQJHJQLGLRWWXUD
]LRQHVFDWWRHSHUFXVVLRQHVLFXUH]]DHVWUD]LRQHHG HVSXOVLRQH ULSH

WL]LRQH H DOLPHQWD]LRQH OD EDFFKHWWD OD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD H L IRUQL
PHQWL

&$11$ D IRUPD WURQFRFRQLFD q GL DFFLDLR IXVR DO FURJLXROR HG q
OXQJDFP
'DOO
HVWHUQRVLQRWDQR
DQWHULRUPHQWHODYRODWD FRQ LO YLYR GL YRODWD OD JKLHUD FRQ XQ
LQFDVWURDFRGDGLURQGLQHSHUO
DOORJJLDPHQWRGHOPLULQR
SRVWHULRUPHQWH O
DO]R D TXDGUDQWH XQ LQJURVVDPHQWR FRQ FLQ
TXHIDFFHWWHVXFXLVRQRLQFLVHOHLQL]LDOLGHOODIDEEULFDFKHKDIRUQLWR
ODEDUUDSHUODFDQQDO
DQQRGLIDEEULFD]LRQHLOQRPHGHOODFLWWjGRYH
qVWDWDFRVWUXLWDO
DUPDLOQXPHURGLPDWULFRODGHOO
DUPDLVHJQLUHOD
WLYLDL YDUL FROODXGL
DYYLWDWXUD SHU OD FXODWWD PRELOH OD FXODWWD H LO
YLYRGLFXODWWD
LQWHUQDPHQWHO
DQLPD FRQODFDPHUDGLFDUWXFFLDODULJDWXUDFRQ
OH VHJXHQWLFDUDWWHULVWLFKH SURILOR H ILDQFR SDUDOOHOL LQFOLQD]LRQH SUR

JUHVVLYDTXDWWURULJKHGHVWURUVHSDVVRGLFPFDOLEULLQFXODWWD
H GL FP FDOLEUL LQ YRODWD PLVXUD GHOOD SDUWH ULJDWD FP
FDOLEUL
/DFDQQDVXOO
DVVHSULQFLSDOHGLVLPPHWULDSRUWDLOVLVWHPDGLSXQ
WDPHQWRFKHqFRVWLWXLWR
YHUVRODYRODWDGDXQPLULQRDVH]LRQHWULDQJRODUHLQFDVWUDWRDFR
GDGLURQGLQHVXXQDJKLHUD
YHUVR OD FXODWWD GD XQ DO]R D TXDGUDQWH IRUPDWR GD XQR ]RFFROR
FRQ XQD WDFFDGL PLUDILVVD SHU LPHWUL D GXH DOHWWH ODWHUDOL 6XO
ILDQFRHVWHUQRGHOO
DOHWWDGLGHVWUDVRQRSUDWLFDWLLQWDJOLSHUGLVWDQ
]HGDDPHWUL/HSDUWLVXSHULRULGHOOHDOHWWHSRUWDQRLQFLVHOH
JUDGXD]LRQLLQHWWRPHWULDGHVWUDTXHOOHSDULGDDDVLQLVWUDOH
GLVSDULGDD
$QWHULRUPHQWHDOOR]RFFRORqLPSHUQLDWRLOULWWRFRQODWDFFD PRELOH

GLPLUDFKHDPH]]RGLXQSHUQRFRQERWWRQHHPROODSXzHVVHUHSRU
WDWDDFRLQFLGHUHFRQOHGLYHUVHJUDGXD]LRQL
$YYLWDWDDOODFDQQDqODFXODWWDPRELOHGLIRUPDFLOLQGULFDFKHVHU
YH D FRQWHQHUH O
RWWXUDWRUH H D SHUPHWWHUQH LO PRYLPHQWR YHGL ILJXUD
VRWWR,QHVVDQRWLDPR
HVWHUQDPHQWHO
DSHUWXUD GHOVHUEDWRLRORVSDFFRSHULOSDVVDJJLR
GHOPDQXEULRGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHODFRGHWWD FRQODFKLRFFLRODSHUODYLWHGL
XQLRQHDOVHUEDWRLRODVFDQDODWXUD ORQJLWXGLQDOHSHULOSDVVDJJLRGHO
GHQWH G
DUUHVWR GHO FDQH OD ILQHVWUD SHU LO SDVVDJJLR GHO GHQWH GL
VFDWWRO
LQFDYRWUDVYHUVDOH SHUO
DOHWWDGHOWXEHWWR
DQWHULRUPHQWHH LQIHULRUPHQWH LO GHQWH FKH VL DOORJJLD QHO WUD
YHUVLQR PHWDOOLFR GHOOD FDVVD SHU WUDVPHWWHUH D TXHVWD LO ULQFXOR ,O

GHQWHLQWHUQDPHQWHKDXQDFKLRFFLRODSHUODYLWHDQWHULRUHGLFXODWWD
PRELOH
LQWHUQDPHQWHXQWUDWWRDFKLRFFLROD SHU
DYYLWDWXUDDOODFDQQD
XQD JROD FLOLQGULFD FRQ JOL LQFDVWUL G

DSSRJJLR GHOOH DOHWWH GHO FLOLQGUR
RWWXUDWRUH4XHVWLLQFDVWULVRQRLQWHUURWWLGDGXHULVDOWLDILDQFRHOLFRL
GDOHFRQWURFXLVWULVFLDQROHDOHWWHGHOFLOLQGURGXHVFDQDODWXUH
7ULWWLFRGHOODFXODWWDPRELOHGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR

ORQJLWXGLQDOL SHU OR VFRUULPHQWR GHOOH DOHWWH GHO FLOLQGUR QHOOD VFDQD
ODWXUD GL VLQLVWUD VFRUUH DQFKH OD JXLGD GHO FDQH OD ILQHVWUD SHU
O
HVSXOVRUHHSHUO
DOHWWDGHOELODQFLHUHLOIRURSHU LO ULWHJQR GHOO
RWWX
UDWRUH
&$66$qLQOHJQRGLQRFH RGLIDJJLRHGq FRVWLWXLWD GDO IXVWR GDO
O
LPSXJQDWXUD HGDOFDOFLR
,OIXVWRSUHVHQWDXQOXQJRLQFDVVRORQJLWXGLQDOHSHUO
DOORJJLDPHQWR
GHOODFDQQDXQLQFDVVRSHU O
DOORJJLDPHQWRGHOWUDYHUVLQRLOFDQDOH
HVWHUQRHLQWHUQRGHOODEDFFKHWWDHDOWULLQFDVVLSHULIRUQLPHQWL
GHOO
DUPD
7UD O
LPSXJQDWXUD H LO IXVWR OD FDVVD SUHVHQWD XQ
DSHUWXUD SHU
PHWWHUHLQFRPXQLFD]LRQHLOVHUEDWRLRFRQO
DSHUWXUDGLFDULFDPHQWR
8Q
DOWUDSDUWHLQOHJQRqLOFRSULFDQQDFKHWHQXWRDSRVWDGDOODID
VFHWWDULSDUDOHGLWDGHOWLUDWRUHGDOFDORUHGHOODFDQQD
,,FDOFLRSRVWHULRUPHQWHqSURWHWWRGDXQFDOFLRORPHWDOOLFR
0(&&$1,602 '(//
$50$ FRPSUHQGH L FRQJHJQL GL RWWXUD]LRQH
VFDWWRHSHUFXVVLRQHVLFXUH]]DHVWUD]LRQHHGHVSXOVLRQHULSHWL]LRQH
HGDOLPHQWD]LRQH
&RQJHJQRGLRWWXUD]LRQHqFRPSRVWRYHGLSDJLQDGLIURQWHGDOOH
VHJXHQWLSDUWL FLOLQGURRWWXUDWRUH YHGLILJXUDLQFXLVL QRWDQRDQ

WHULRUPHQWHODWHVWD FRQLOULVDOWRVHPLDQXODUHSHU O
DSSRJJLRGHOIRQ
GHOORGHO ERVVROR LO IRUR SHU LO SDVVDJJLR GHOOD SXQWD GHO SHUFXVVRUH
GXH DOHWWH O
DOHWWD VLQLVWUD VPXVVDWD SHU SRWHU ULVDOLUH LO SLDQR LQFOL
QDWR GHOO
LQFDVWUR GL VLQLVWUD GHOOD FXODWWD PRELOH SURYRFD QHOO
RSHUD
]LRQH GHOO
DSHUWXUD GHOO
DUPD OD UHWURFHVVLRQH GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH H LO GL
VWDFFRLQL]LDOHGHOERVVRORO
DOHWWDGLGHVWUDLQYHFHQHOO
RSHUD]LRQHGL
FKLXVXUDGHOO
DUPDULVDOHQGRLOSLDQRLQFOLQDWRGHOO
LQFDVWURGLGHVWUD

GHOODFXODWWDPRELOHSURYRFDO
DSSRJJLRJUDGXDOHHSHUIHWWRGHOERVVR
OROXQJRLOFRUSRGHOFLOLQGURVXSHULRUPHQWHLOIRURFKHFRPXQLFDFRQ
ODFDYLWjLQWHUQDHVHUYHFRPHVIRJDWRLRGHLJDVLQFDVR GLURWWXUDGHO
IRQGHOORGHOERVVRORYHUVRLOFHQWURLOPDQXEULRFRQQRFHFKHVHUYHSHU
PDQRYUDUH LO FLOLQGUR GLHWURDO PDQXEULR HVLVWH XQR VSDFFR D GRSSLR
JRPLWRLQ FXLVFRUUH LOGHQWLQR GHO WXEHWWR FRQ QDVHOOR FRQ XQ LQFDYR
DQWHULRUHHXQRSRVWHULRUHSHUILVVDUHDPH]]RGHOGHQWLQRVWHVVRLOWX
EHWWRQHOODSRVL]LRQHGLDYDQWLHLQGLHWURYHGLILJXUDLQIHULRUPHQWH
XQD OXQJD VFDQDODWXUD ORQJLWXGLQDOH GL SURIRQGLWj GHFUHVFHQWH SHU OR
VFRUULPHQWR GHOO
HVSXOVRUHSRVWHULRUPHQWH XQ LQFDYR HOLFRLGDOH LQ FXL
VFRUUHLOULVDOWRHOLFRLGDOHGHOFDQHHVXOODEDVHXQSLFFRORLQFDYRSHU
O
DSSRJJLR GHOOD SXQWDGHO ULVDOWR HOLFRLGDOH GHOOD JXLGD GHO FDQH YHGL
ILJXUD
&RQJHJQR GL VFDWWR LO FRQJHJQR GL VFDWWR q FRPSRVWR GDOOH VH
JXHQWLSDUWLLOJULOOHWWRFRQ FRGD WDYROD FRQ WUH JREEH FKHFRQVHQWH
ORVFDWWRLQGXHWHPSLHVSURQHVXFXLqLQYHVWLWRLOULWHJQRGHOO
RWWX
UDWRUHELODQFLHUHLPSHUQLDWRDOJULOOHWWRSRUWDSRVWHULRUPHQWHLOGHQWH
GLVFDWWRQHOFHQWURO
DOHWWDIRUDWDSHULOSDVVDJJLRGHOODFRSLJOLDGHOOD
FXODWWD DQWHULRUPHQWH O
DOORJJLDPHQWR SHU O
HVSXOVRUH H OD VXD PROOD
FDQHFRQJXLGDYHGLILJXUDFRQXQSLRORHODVWLFRLOGHQWHGLDUUHVWRH

ODJXLGDFRQLOULVDOWRHOLFRLGDOHERWWRQHGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHIRUDWRFRQXQD
ILOHWWDWXUDSHUO
DYYLWDPHQWRGHOSHUFXVVRUHHXQLQFDYRSHU O
DOORJJLD
PHQWRGHOSLRORHODVWLFRGHOFDQHFRQJXLGDYHGLILJXUD
&RQJHJQR GL SHUFXVVLRQHLO FRQJHJQRGLSHUFXVVLRQH q FRPSRVWR
GDOOHVHJXHQWLSDUWLSHUFXVVRUHFRQWHVWDFRQSXQWDDVWDHXQDIDF
FLDSLDQDFKHYDD FRQWUDVWDUH FRQWUR ODSDUWHFRUULVSRQGHQWHGHOO
LQ

WHUQRGHOFDQHSHULPSHGLUHDOSHUFXVVRUHGLUXRWDUHDYYLWDWXUDSHULO
ERWWRQHOLQHDGLIHGHSHUODULFRPSRVL]LRQHGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHYHGLILJXUD
PROODDVSLUDOHFRQVSLUHFKHVLDSSRJJLDDQWHULRUPHQWHFRQWUR

LOFROODUHGHOOD WHVWDGHOSHUFXVVRUH H SRVWHULRUPHQWH FRQWUR LOIRQGR
GHOWXEHWWRYHGLILJXUD
)DDQFKHSDUWHGHOFRQJHJQRGLVFDWWRHSHUFXVVLRQHLOWXEHWWRFRQ
QDVHOORYHGLILJXUDRUJDQRGHOODVLFXUH]]DRUGLQDULDGHOTXDOHSH

UzSDUOHUHPRSLDYDQWLWUDWWDQGRDSSXQWRGHOFRQJHJQRGLVLFXUH]]D
,O FLOLQGUR ULXQLVFH O

HVWUDWWRUH LO SHUFXVVRUH OD PROOD D VSLUDOH GHO
SHUFXVVRUHLOFDQHFRQJXLGDLOWXEHWWRFRQQDVHOORLOERWWRQHHSUHQGH
LOQRPHGLRWWXUDWRUH
0HFFDQLVPR GL VFDWWR
GHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR

UDWRUH

PROOD
'HQWHGLVFDWWR
5LWHJQR GHOO

RWWX

(VSXOVRUH

&RQJHJQRGLVLFXUH]]DRUGLQDULDqFRVWLWXLWRGDOOHVHJXHQWLSDUWL
WXEHWWR FRQ QDVHOOR YHGL ILJXUD LQ FXL VL QRWDQR LO WXEHWWR FRQ XQ
GHQWLQR LOQDVHOOR FRQO
DOHWWDH OD OLQHDGLIHGH SHU OD ULFRPSRVL]LRQH
GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH
&RQJHJQR GL HVWUD]LRQH q FRVWLWXLWR GDOOH VHJXHQWL SDUWL HVWUDW
WRUHDJDQFLRSRUWDWRGDOODWHVWDGHOFLOLQGURO
HVWUDWWRUHPRGHOOR
DWWUDYHUVDFRQ OD VXDFRGDO
DOHWWDGHVWUDGHO FLOLQGUR FKH q IRUDWDLO
PRGHOOR q LQYHFH VLVWHPDWR D ILDQFR GHOO

DOHWWD GHVWUD GHO FLOLQ
GUR
&RQJHJQR GL HVSXOVLRQH q FRVWLWXLWR GDOOH VHJXHQWL SDUWL HVSXO
VRUHDGHQWHFRQPROODDVSLUDOHFKHqVLWXDWRQHOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHO
ELODQFLHUH HG q VSRUJHQWH LQWHUQDPHQWH QHOOD SDUWH SRVWHULRUH GHOOD

FXODWWD PRELOH /D PROOD GHOO
HVSXOVRUH ROWUH D UHQGHUH HODVWLFR
O
HVSXOVRUH VWHVVR VHUYH DQFKH D ULSRUWDUH D SRVWR LO ELODQFLHUH GRSR
HVHJXLWR OR VFDWWR SUHQGH SHUWDQWR LO QRPH GL PROOD GL VFDWWR HG
HVSXOVLRQH

&RQJHJQRGLULSHWL]LRQHRUGLQDULDFRPSRVWRGDOOHVHJXHQWLSDUWL
VFDWRODVHUEDWRLRFHQWUDOHILVVDLQFXLQRWLDPRLOSRQWLFHOORFRQXQDIL
QHVWUDVXSHULRUHDWWUDYHUVRODTXDOHSDVVDLO JULOOHWWR HG XQD ILQHVWUD
DQWHULRUHGDFXLVSRUJHLOERWWRQHGHOJDQFLRGLDUUHVWR/DSDUWHLQIH
ULRUHSRVWHULRUH GHOODVFDWRODVHUEDWRLR qDSHUWDLQPRGRGDFRQVHQWLUH
LOSDVVDJJLRGHOSDFFKHWWRFDULFDWRUHYXRWR
,QWHUQDPHQWHDOODVFDWRODVHUEDWRLR WURYLDPRO
HOHYDWRUHLPSHUQLDWR
DGXQDPROODDODPLQD VLVWHPDWDVXOIRQGHOORHGLOJDQFLR GLDUUHVWR

FRQPROODDERWWRQH
$LODWLSRLVLQRWDQRGXHIRULSHULOSDVVDJJLRGHOOHYLWLGLFXODWWDSHU
DVVLFXUDUHDWWUDYHUVRODFDVVDODVFDWRODVHUEDWRLRDOODFXODWWD
&RQJHJQR GL DOLPHQWD]LRQH FDULFDWRUH D SDFFKHWWR VLPPHWULFD
GHOOD FDSDFLWj GL VHL FDUWXFFH ,O FDULFDWRUH q GL ODPLHULQR HG q FRP
SRVWRGDGXHJXDQFHULSLHJDWHVXSHULRUPHQWHHLQIHULRUPHQWHVX FLD
VFXQDGHOOHGXHJXDQFHVRQRLPSUHVVHODWHUDOPHQWHGXHQHUYDWXUHGH
VWLQDWHDWHQHUHLQVLWROHFDUWXFFHXQGRUVRFRQGHQWHG
DUUHVWR

%$&&+(77$qLQDFFLDLRH VHUYH SUHYLDDYYLWDWXUDGHOOR VFRYROLQR
QHOO
DSSRVLWD ILOHWWDWXUD DOOD SXOLWXUD GHOO
DUPD QRQFKp DOO
HYHQWXDOH
HVSXOVLRQHGDOODFDQQDGLERVVROLFDUWXFFHHFRUSLHVWUDQHL1HOODEDF
FKHWWD QRWLDPR OD WHVWD FRQ IHULWRLD XQD ILOHWWDWXUD VXSHULRUH SHU

DYYLWDWXUDGHOODEDFFKHWWDDOERFFKLQRHXQDILOHWWDWXUDLQIHULRUHSHU

DYYLWDWXUDGHOORVFRYROR
6&,$%2/$%$,21(77$LQDFFLDLRWHPSHUDWRqOXQJDPP9LVL
QRWDQR OD ODPD FRQ SXQWD WDJOLR H IDOVR WDJOLR GRUVR FRGROR SHU
O
XQLRQHDOO
LPSXJQDWXUDHVJXVFLGLDOOHJJHULPHQWROXQJDPP

O
LPSXJQDWXUD FRQFURFLHUDHDQHOORVXTXHVWDSDUWHqLQFLVDODPDWUL
FROD GHOO
DUPD LO FDSSXFFLR FRQ O
LQFDVWUR SHU LO IHUPR GHOOD VFLDER
ODEDLRQHWWDLOSLRORG
DUUHVWR FRQERWWRQHHPROODOHJXDQFHGLOHJQR
/D VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD q SURWHWWD GDO IRGHUR FKH SXz HVVHUH GL FXRLR
DQQHULWRFRQODFDSSDHLOSXQWDOHG
RWWRQHIHUUREUXQLWRRDOOXPLQLR
RSSXUHLQWHUDPHQWHGLODPLHUDRSSXUH PROWR SL UDUDPHQWHGLJRP

PDFRQIRUQLWXUHLQIHUUR
)251,0(17, 9$5,VRQRLOERFFKLQR FRQODYLWHSDVVDQWH L IHUPR
SHU OD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD H OD FKLRFFLROD SHU

DYYLWDWXUD GHOOD EDF
FKHWWDLOFDOFLROR ILVVDWRFRQOHYLWLQHOODSDUWHLQIHULRUHGHOFDOFLROD
IDVFHWWDFRQ PDJOLHWWD HODVXDPROOHWWDDSLDVWUHWWD FRQ PDJOLHWWD LO
FRSULFDQQDLOWUDYHUVLQROHYLWLGLFXODWWDHLWXELFLQL
$EELDPR FRVu XOWLPDWR OD GHVFUL]LRQH WHFQLFD GHOO

DUPD PRGHOOR
YHGLDPRQHRUDLQVLHPHLOIXQ]LRQDPHQWRHO
LPSLHJR
5LWHQLDPR SHUz SULPD RSSRUWXQR SUHFLVDUH LO VLJQLILFDWR GL DOFXQL
WHUPLQLFKHDYUHPRPRGRGLWURYDUHSLDYDQWL
/
DUPDqFDULFDTXDQGRYLVRQRFDUWXFFHQHOODFDPHUDGLFDUWXFFLD
RQHOODVFDWRODVHUEDWRLR
/
DUPDqVFDULFDTXDQGRQRQVLYHULILFDQHVVXQDGHOOHFRQGL]LRQL
VXFFLWDWH
/
DUPD q LQ SRVL]LRQH RUGLQDULDTXDQGR q VFDULFD O
DO]R q DE
EDWWXWRHGqDSSOLFDWDODVLFXUH]]DQDVHOORGHOWXEHWWRVSLQWRLQGLHWUR
/
DUPDqLQSRVL]LRQHGLVLFXUH]]DTXDQGRqFDULFDHGqDSSOLFDWD
ODVLFXUH]]D
/
DUPDqLQSRVL]LRQHGLVSDURTXDQGRqFDULFDHQRQqDSSOLFDWD
ODVLFXUH]]DQDVHOORGHOWXEHWWRVSLQWDLQDYDQWLHDOORJJLDWRQHOO
LQFD

YRWUDVYHUVDOHGHOODFXODWWD
,OIXFLOHqFDULFRHVLWURYDQHOOD SRVL]LRQHGLVLFXUH]]DYHGLSDJLQD
SRVL]LRQH$LOWXEHWWRFRQQDVHOORqVSLQWRLQGLHWURSHUFXVVR

UH GLVDUPDWR OD PROOD GHO SHUFXVVRUH q SDU]LDOPHQWH GLVWHVD H FRQ L
GXHSXQWLGLDSSRJJLRVXOORVWHVVRPH]]RSHUFXVVRUH4XDQGRVLWUR

YD LQ TXHVWD SRVL]LRQH LO FLOLQGUR QRQ SXz UXRWDUH SHUFKp QRQ SXz
UXRWDUH QHPPHQR LO WXEHWWR FRQ FXL ID FRUSR ULJLGR GDWR FKH O
DOHWWD
GHOQDVHOORSRJJLDFRQWURODJXLGDGHOFDQH
(RUDSDVVLDPRQHOODSRVL]LRQHGLVSDUR
6L VSLQJH LO QDVHOOR JLUDQGROR YHUVR GHVWUD H IDFHQGR DOORJJLDUH
O
DOHWWD QHOO
DSSRVLWR LQFDYR GHOOD FXODWWD LQ TXHVWR PRGR PHQWUH LO
GHQWLQRGHO WXEHWWR DWWUDYHUVRORVSDFFR DGRSSLRJRPLWRGHO FLOLQGUR

VL SRUWD LQ FRUULVSRQGHQ]D GHOO
LQFDYR DQWHULRUH OD PROOD GHO SHUFXV
VRUH YLHQH FRPSUHVVD H L VXRL GXH SXQWL GL DSSRJJLR YHQJRQR D WUR
YDUVLVGXHPH]]LGLIIHUHQWLSHUFXVVRUHHFXODWWDPRELOHYHGLSDJLQD
SRVL]LRQH%
/
DUPDq FRVu SURQWDSHU OR VFDWWR $JHQGR RUD VXOOD FRGD GHO JULO
OHWWRODSULPDJREEDVLVROOHYDHDYDQ]DPDSHUFKpFLzDYYHQJDqQH
FHVVDULR FKH LO EUDFFLR SRVWHULRUH GHO ELODQFLHUH VL VSRVWL LQ EDVVR
4XHVWRVSRVWDPHQWRGXUDILQFKpODVHFRQGDJREEDXUWDFRQWUROD FX
ODWWD ,Q TXHVWR PRPHQWR VL KD XQ DUUHVWR FKH FRUULVSRQGH DO SULPR
WHPSRGLVFDWWR
$XPHQWDQGR OD SUHVVLRQH VXO JULOOHWWR OD VHFRQGD JREED VL VROOHYD
HG DYDQ]D QH FRQVHJXH FKH LO ELODQFLHUH VXELVFH XQ VHFRQGR DE
EDVVDPHQWRSHU FXL LOGHQWH GL VFDWWR VL DEEDVVD FRPSOHWDPHQWH WR

JOLHQGRLOFRQWUDVWRFRQLOGHQWHGLDUUHVWRHSHUPHWWHQGRFRVuDOFDQH
HFRQVHJXHQWHPHQWHDOSHUFXVVRUHGLDYDQ]DUHSURYRFDQGRODSHUFXV

VLRQHHTXLQGLORVSDUR
6HVLDXPHQWDDQFRUDODSUHVVLRQHVXOJULOOHWWRHQWUDLQIXQ]LRQHOD
WHU]DJREEDHVLDEEDVVDFRVuFRPSOHWDPHQWHLOULWHJQRGHOO
RWWXUDWRUH
FRVDTXHVWDFKHSHUPHWWHGLHVWUDUUHO
RWWXUDWRUHGDOODFXODWWD
3DUWLWRLO FROSRDSULDPRO
DUPD DJHQGR VXO PDQXEULR H IDFHQGRJOL
FRPSLHUHXQPRYLPHQWRGLURWD]LRQHFKHGLVLPSHJQDFRVuOHDOHWWHGHO
FLOLQGUR GDJOL LQFDVWUL GL FXODWWD 1HO PRYLPHQWR GL URWD]LRQH LO FDQH
QRQSRWHQGRUXRWDUHSHUFKpLPSHGLWRGDOODJXLGDLQFDVWUDWDQHOODFX
ODWWD qFRVWUHWWRDUHWURFHGHUHILQFKpODSXQWDGHO ULVDOWR QRQ VLDSH
QHWUDWDQHOO
DSSRVLWRLQFDYRGHOFLOLQGUR,OFDQHQHOUHWURFHGHUHSRUWD
LQGLHWURLOERWWRQHHTXLQGLLOSHUFXVVRUHFRPSULPHQGRQHODPROODFRQ
LO GHQWH GL DUUHVWR VWULVFLD VXO GHQWH GL VFDWWR H OR DEEDVVD FRPSUL
PHQGRQHODPROODFKHXQDYROWDROWUHSDVVDWDGDOGHQWHGLDUUHVWROR
IDULWRUQDUHQHOODSRVL]LRQHSULPLWLYD
$ TXHVWR SXQWR LO PDQXEULR VL WURYD QHOOD SRVL]LRQH YHUWLFDOH LP
SULPHQGRJOLXQPRYLPHQWRGLUHWURFHVVLRQHVLSRUWDLQGLHWURO
RWWXUD
WRUHFKHSHUzQRQSXzXVFLUHSHUFKpXUWDFRQO
DOHWWDGHVWUDFRQWURLO
GHQWH GL ULWHJQR GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH 1HOOD UHWURFHVVLRQH GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH
O
HVSXOVRUH VFRUUHQGR QHOOD VFDQDODWXUD GHFUHVFHQWH GHO FLOLQGUR H
VROOHFLWDWR GDOOD VXD PROOD HPHUJH HG XUWD FRQWUR LO ERVVROR SRUWDWR
LQGLHWURGDOOD WHVWD GHO FLOLQGUR $OORUD LO ERVVROR VXO TXDOH DJLVFRQR
GXHIRU]H XJXDOLGLUHWWHLQ VHQVRRSSRVWR YLHQHHVSXOVRLQ DOWRDGH

VWUDFRQPRYLPHQWRURWDWRULR3HUFKLXGHUHO
DUPDVLLPSULPHDOO
RWWX
UDWRUHXQPRYLPHQWRGLWUDVOD]LRQHPHGLDQWHLOTXDOHYLHQHLQWURGRWWD
QHOOD FDPHUD XQD FDUWXFFLD FKH UHVWD DIIHUUDWD FRQ LO IRQGHOOR GDO UL
VDOWRVHPLDQXODUHHGDOJDQFLRGHOO
HVWUDWWRUHHVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHXQ

7XEHWWRFRQQDVHOOR
&DQHFRQJXLGD
$ODGHOWXEHWWR
1DVHOORGHOWXEHWWR
'HQWLQRGHOWXEHWWR
6FDQDODWXUDHOLFRLGDOHGHOFLOLQGUR
3HUFXVVRUH
0ROODGHOSHUFXVVRUH
2UORDQWHULRUHGHOWXEHWWR
%RWWRQH]LJULQDWR
6FDQDODWXUDWUDVYHUVDOHGHOODFXODWWDPRELOH
7HVWDGHOSHUFXVVRUH
&XODWWDPRELOH
'HQWHGLDUUHVWRGHOFDQH
'HQWHGLVFDWWR

XQPRYLPHQWRGLURWD]LRQH&RQTXHVWRPRYLPHQWROHDOHWWHYDQQRDG
DOORJJLDUVLQHJOLDSSRVLWLLQFDVVLGHOODFXODWWD HVL RWWLHQHOD FKLXVXUD

SHUIHWWDGHOO
DUPD
1HOPRPHQWRLQFXLO
XOWLPDFDUWXFFLD YLHQH LQWURGRWWD LQ FDQQD LO
FDULFDWRUH D SDFFKHWWR YXRWR FDGH DWWUDYHUVR O

DSHUWXUD GHOOD VFDWROD
VHUEDWRLR
3HUHVWUDUUHLOFDULFDWRUHSLHQRVLSUHPHFRQO
LQGLFHVXGLHVVRDE
EDVVDQGROR H FRQWHPSRUDQHDPHQWH VL VFKLDFFLD LO ERWWRQH GHO JDQFLR

G
DUUHVWRSRLVLDOOHQWDODSUHVVLRQHVXOFDULFDWRUHFKHFRVuVDOHQHOOD
FXODWWDPRELOHUHVWDQGRVYLQFRODWR
3HU SDVVDUH QHOOD SRVL]LRQH RUGLQDULD VL VSLQJH LQ DYDQWL H VXF
FHVVLYDPHQWHDVLQLVWUDLOQDVHOOR GHOWXEHWWR FHGHQGRSRLDOOD VSLQWD
GHOOD PROOD GHO SHUFXVVRUH ILQFKp LO QDVHOOR GHO WXEHWWR YD DG DSSRJ
JLDUH FRQWUR LO FDQH FRQ TXHVWR PRYLPHQWR LO GHQWLQR GHO WXEHWWR
VFRUUHQGR QHOOR VSDFFR FXUYLOLQHR GHO FLOLQGUR VL SRUWD LQ FRUULVSRQ
GHQ]DGHOO
LQFDYRSRVWHULRUH
9HQHQGRRUDDSDUODUHGHOO
LPSLHJRGHOO
DUPDGREELDPRHVDPLQDUH
SHUSULPDFRVDO
LPSLHJRWHFQLFRFKHFRQFHUQHODFRQRVFHQ]DGHOOHYD
ULH SRVL]LRQL GHO PHFFDQLVPRGHOO
DUPD H GHO VLVWHPDGL SXQWDPHQWR
$EELDPR JLj SDUODWR GHOOD SULPD SDUWH GHOO
DUJRPHQWR YHGLDPR RUD
O
LPSLHJRGHOO
DO]R
4XHVWRSXzDVVXPHUHOHVHJXHQWLSRVL]LRQL
DO]RURYHVFLDWRTXDQGRLOULWWRqURYHVFLDWRVXOODFDQQDYHUVRODYR
ODWD HVDWWRDPHWUL H YLHQH XVDWR SHU GLVWDQ]H LQIHULRUL DL

PHWUL
DO]RDEEDWWXWRTXDQGRLOULWWRqDSSRJJLDWRVXOOR]RFFRORqHVDWWRD
PHWULHYLHQHLPSLHJDWRSHUOHGLVWDQ]HWUDHPHWUL

DO]R JUDGXDWRTXDQGRLOULWWRqLPSHJQDWRQHOODULVSHWWLYDWDFFDOD
WHUDOHGHOO
DOHWWDGHVWUDDVVXPHQGRSRVL]LRQLFKHSRVVRQRYDULDUHGD
DHWWRPHWULLPSRUWDQWHSUHFLVDUHFKHRJQLJUDGXD]LRQHYLHQHLP
SLHJDWDSHUWLULGDHIIHWWXDUHDGLVWDQ]HRVFLOODQWLWUDLPHWULLQSL
RLQPHQRGHOODJUDGXD]LRQHVHJQDWD
/
LPSLHJR WDWWLFR LQYHFH ULJXDUGD OD FRQRVFHQ]D GHOO
LPSLHJR GHO
O
DUPD LQ UHOD]LRQH DOOH VXH TXDOLWj EDOLVWLFKH QHFHVVDULH D WUDUQH OD
PDJJLRUHHIILFDFLDLQFRPEDWWLPHQWR
,O IXFLOH GHYH HVVHUH LPSLHJDWR QRUPDOPHQWH VLQR DOOD GLVWDQ]D GL
PHWULTXDQGRqXVDWRGDDELOLWLUDWRULODGLVWDQ]DGLLPSLHJRSXz
HVVHUHHOHYDWDDPHWUL
(RUDTXDOFKHGDWRGHOO
DUPD
'DWLWHFQLFL
OXQJKH]]DWRWDOHGHOO
DUPDFRQEDLRQHWWD
PP
SHVRGHOO
DUPDFRQEDLRQHWWD
NJ
OXQJKH]]DWRWDOHGHOO
DUPDVHQ]DEDLRQHWWD
SHVRGHOO
DUPDVHQ]DEDLRQHWWD
'DWLEDOLVWLFL
YHORFLWjLQL]LDOH
YHORFLWjGLULQFXOR
IRU]DYLYDGLULQFXOR
SUHVVLRQHFRQVROHQLWH
URWD]LRQHLQL]LDOHGHOSURLHWWR
IRU]DYLYDLQL]LDOH
JLWWDWDPDVVLPDFRQLQFOLQD]LRQHGL
FHOHULWjPDVVLPDGLWLURPLUDWR
PP
NJ
PHWULDOVHFRQGR
PHWULDOVHFRQGR
FKLORJUDPPHWUL
DWPRVIHUH
JLULDOPLQXWR
FKLORJUDPPHWUL
PHWUL
FROSLDOPLQXWR

$EELDPR FRVu HVDXULWR OD SDUWH WHFQLFD H GHVFULWWLYD GHO IXFLOH GD
IDQWHULDPRGHOOR
5HVWD GD DFFHQQDUH D WUH EDLRQHWWH GL ULSLHJR LPSLHJDWH VXL IXFLOL
PRGHOORSHUVRSSHULUHDOODPDQFDQ]DGLTXHOOHG
RUGLQDQ]D/DSUL
PDqXQDEDLRQHWWDGD9HWWHUOLRSSRUWXQDPHQWHPRGLILFDWD/DODPDq
VWDWD DFFRUFLDWD H SRUWDWD DOOD PLVXUD GHOOD EDLRQHWWD UHJRODPHQWDUH
/DFURFLHUDq VWDWDVRVWLWXLWD LQ PRGR FKHO

DQHOORSRVVDHVVHUHVLVWH
PDWRVXOODFDQQDGHOVWDWDFDPELDWDODIRUPDGHOORVSDFFRGRYH
V
LQFDVWUDLOIHUPRGHOERFFKLQR3UREDELOPHQWHTXHVWDPRGLILFDIXRU
GLQDWDDOODYLJLOLDRQHOSHULRGRGHOODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH
,QDOWREDLRQHWWDGD9HWWHUOLDGDWWDWDSHUDUPLPRGHOOR,QEDVVR
EDLRQHWWDFRQLPSXJQDWXUDGLWXERGLIHUURHODPDULFDYDWDGDOODSXQWD
GHOODEDLRQHWWDGD9HWWHUOL

/D VHFRQGD EDLRQHWWD KD O

LPSXJQDWXUD GL WXER GL IHUUR H OD ODPD
FRVWLWXLWD GDOOD SXQWD GHOOD EDLRQHWWD SHU IXFLOH PRGHOOR ULFD
YDWDGDOO
DFFRUFLDPHQWRGHOOD VWHVVD /D OXQJKH]]D WRWDOH q GL FP
TXHOODGHOODODPDGLFP
/
DOWUD EDLRQHWWD IX SURGRWWD LQ $XVWULD SHU LQDVWDUOD VXL IXFLOL
FDWWXUDWL DJOL LWDOLDQL,, GLVHJQR TXLVRWWR q DEEDVWDQ]D HORTXHQWH GD
ULVSDUPLDUFLXQDGHVFUL]LRQHGLTXHVWDEDLRQHWWDLQWHUDPHQWHPHWDOOL
FD
%DLRQHWWD DXVWURXQJDULFD SHU IXFLOL PRGHOOR ,O IRGHUR q OR VWHVVR
GHOODEDLRQHWWDDXVWULDFDPRGHOOR
(VDPLQLDPR RUD QHOOD YHUVLRQH RULJLQDOH H QHOOH YDULDQWL VXFFHV
VLYDPHQWHDSSRUWDWHLWLSLGLDUPLFKHVRQRGHULYDWLGDOIXFLOH
6RQRGXHPRVFKHWWLFKHVXELURQRQRWHYROLYDULDQWLDFRPLQFLDUH

GDOO
DEROL]LRQHGL XQEXOORQHWUDVYHUVDOH SDVVDQWH DWWUDYHUVR OD FDVVD
LQFRUULVSRQGHQ]DGHOODYLWHFKHXQLVFHDQWHULRUPHQWHLOVHUEDWRLRDOOD
FDQQD4XHVWREXOORQHFKHULFRUGDTXHOOLFDUDWWHULVWLFLGHL0DXVHUWH
GHVFKLH qSUHVHQWHVRORQHLSULPLVVLPLHVHPSODUL/HDOWUHYD
ULDQWLDOPHQRWXWWHTXHOOHFKHDEELDPRSRWXWRUHJLVWUDUHVRQRLQGL
FDWH QHL FDSLWROHWWL GHGLFDWL ULVSHWWLYDPHQWH DO PRVFKHWWR GHWWR GD
FDYDOOHULDHDOPRVFKHWWRSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOL76
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOORGDFDYDOOHULD SULPLVVLPRWLSR6LQRWLLOEXOORQH
WUDVYHUVDOHSUHVWRDEROLWR
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOORFDOFRPXQHPHQWHGHWWRGDFDYDOOHULD
YHGLTXLVRSUDDGRWWDWRQHO
(VVR VL GLIIHUHQ]LD GDO IXFLOH SHU OH VHJXHQWL SDUWLFRODULWj q SL
FRUWRHOHJJHURODOXQJKH]]DFRQODEDLRQHWWDULSLHJDWDqGLPP
LOSHVRFRQODFDVVDLQQRFHqGLJHLOSHVRFRQODFDVVDLQIDJJLR
qGLJLOPDQXEULRGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHqULSLHJDWRODFDQQDqVLPLOH
D TXHOOD GHO IXFLOH OD VXD OXQJKH]]D q GL PP OD SDUWH ULJDWD q
OXQJDPP,OSDVVRGHOODULJDWXUDDOODFXODWWDqGLFPFLUFD
FDOLEULTXHOORDOODYRODWDqGLFPFLUFDFDOLEULO

DO]RqJUD
GXDWRGDDHWWRPHWULOXQJKH]]DGHOODOLQHDGLPLUDFP

KD XQD EDLRQHWWD WULDQJRODUH ULSLHJDWLOH FRQJLXQWD SHUPDQHQWHPHQWH

DOO
DUPD PHGLDQWH XQD EUDJD OD TXDOH WUDPLWH ULWHJQL D PROOD YLHQH
ILVVDWD VLD QHOOD SRVL]LRQH GL LQDVWDWD FKH ULSLHJDWD QRQ KD LO FRSUL
FDQQDODEDFFKHWWDqLQGXHSH]]LHGqWHQXWDLQXQDOORJJLDPHQWRUL
FDYDWRQHOFDOFLRSHUFXLLOFDOFLRORqGRWDWRGLXQRVSRUWHOORDVFDWWR
KDJOLDWWDFFKLSHUODFLQJKLDVLVWHPDWLULVSHWWLYDPHQWHVXOILDQFRGHOOD
FDVVDHVXOERFFKLQRFKHqGRWDWRGLXQ
DSSRVLWDPDJOLHWWD
,QDOWRPRVFKHWWRPRGHOORGDFDYDOOHULD VHQ]DFRSULFDQQDVLQRWLOD

PDQFDQ]DGHOEXOORQH,QPH]]RPRVFKHWWRGDFDYDOOHULDFRQFRSULFDQ
QD,QEDVVRPRVFKHWWRPRGHOORFRVWUXLWRSULPDGHOOD VHFRQGDJXHU
UDPRQGLDOHSDUWLFRODUH6LQRWLO
DVVHQ]DGLIDFFHWWH DOO
LQJURVVDPHQWR
GHOODFDQQD

,O PRVFKHWWR KD VXEuWR VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH DOFXQH YDULDQWL H SUHFL
VDPHQWH qVWDWR IRUQLWR GL FRSULFDQQDYHGL SDJLQD LO ULWHJQR D
PROODSHULOILVVDJJLRGHOODEDLRQHWWDYHGLIRWRTXLVRWWRqVWDWRVRVWL

WXLWRGDXQQRWWROLQRFRQFRPDQGRDOHYHWWDHGDXQQRWWROLQRFRQFR
PDQGRDERWWRQH
3DUWLFRODULGHLULWHJQLGHOODEDLRQHWWDQHLPRVFKHWWLPRGHOORGDFDYDO
OHULD$O FHQWUR LOSULPRWLSR FRQ ULWHJQR D PROOD$ VLQLVWUD LO VHFRQGR
WLSRFRQULWHJQRDQRWWROLQRFRQFRPDQGRDOHYHWWD$GHVWUDLOWHU]RWLSR
GDOULWHJQRFRQFRPDQGRDERWWRQH
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOORSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOL76FDOYHGLSDJL
QD$GRWWDWRQHOYHQLYDGDWRLQXVRDLUHSDUWLGHOO
DUWLJOLHULD
HGHOJHQLR
+D OH PHGHVLPH FDUDWWHULVWLFKH WHFQLFKH GHO PRVFKHWWR GD FDYDO
OHULDGDFXLSHUzVLGLVWLQJXHSHULVHJXHQWLSDUWLFRODULODFDVVDqSL
OXQJD H DUULYD D PP FLUFD GDOOD YRODWD KD LO FDQDOH SHU O
DOORJ
JLDPHQWRGHOODEDFFKHWWD OD TXDOH q LQ XQ VROSH]]R ,O 76 KD XQ FR
SULFDQQDIHUPDWRGDOERFFKLQRLOTXDOHSRUWDLOIHUPRGHOODEDLRQHWWD
XJXDOH D TXHOOD GHO IXFLOH ,O ERFFKLQR q VWDWR VXELWR PRGLILFDWR FRQ
XQRSLOXQJRHGRWDWRGLXQIHUPRWUDVYHUVDOHSHUXQDEDLRQHWWDFKH

qDQDORJDDTXHOODGHOIXFLOHPDGDOODTXDOHVLGLIIHUHQ]LDSHUFKpOR
VSDFFR GHO FDSSXFFLR FKH LQYHVWH LO IHUPR q RUL]]RQWDOH H SHUFKp LO

SLRORDPROODqVLWRVRWWRLOFDSSXFFLR/
DUPDLQRULJLQHDYHYDVRORGXH
PDJOLHWWHXQDLPSHUQLDWDDOERFFKLQRHO
DOWUDDXQDSLDVWUHWWDILVVDWD
VRWWR LO FDOFLR ,Q XQ
HSRFD LQGHILQLWD PD FRPSUHVD IUD LO H LO
YHQQHURDJJLXQWHDOWUHGXHSLDVWUHWWH FRQ PDJOLHWWDVXO ODWR VL

QLVWURQHLSXQWLFRUULVSRQGHQWLDTXHOODSRVWDVXOERFFKLQRHDTXHOOD
VLWDVRWWRLOFDOFLRDSRFKLFHQWLPHWULGDOFDOFLROR
,QDOWR PRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR SHUWUXSSH VSHFLDOLWLSRRULJLQDULR 6LQR

WLQR LO PDQXEULR GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH GLULWWR LO EXOORQH WUDVYHUVDOH H LO PLULQR
FRQJKLHUDFRPHQHOIXWLOH,QPH]]RGLVHJQRGLPRVFKHWWR76SULPR
WLSRFRQUHODWLYDEDLRQHWWD,QEDVVRIRWRGHOORVWHVVR

,SULPLVVLPLHVHPSODULDYHYDQRO
RWWXUDWRUHGHOIXFLOHDQ]LFKpTXHOOR
GHOPRVFKHWWRGDFDYDOOHULD
(VLVWRQR VFLDEROHEDLRQHWWH SHU IXFLOL PRGHOOR H PRVFKHWWL GD
WUXSSH VSHFLDOL PRGHOOR SULPRWLSR GRWDWHGL SDUWL LQ RWWRQH H GL
GLPHQVLRQLLGHQWLFKHDTXHOOHGHLWLSLSLFRPXQL9LVLQRWDQRODOD
PD FRQ FRGROR D HVWUHPLWj ILOHWWDWD VX FXL V
LQYHVWH O
LPSXJQDWXUD LQ
IXVLRQHG
RWWRQHLQXQVROSH]]RFRQODFURFLHUDDGDQHOORHFRQO
LQFD
VWUR SHU LO SDVVDJJLR GHO IHUPR OD JKLHUD ILOHWWDWD FKH DYYLWDWD VXO
O
HVWUHPLWjGHOFRGROR WLHQH LQ VLWR O
LPSXJQDWXUD LO IHUPRFRQ PROOD
GLILDQFRDOFDSSXFFLRVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD SHUIXFLOHPRGHOORRSSX

UH VRWWR DO FDSSXFFLR VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD SHU PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR
SHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOLSULPRWLSR
/
DUPD RUD GHVFULWWD q VWDWD VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH PRGLILFDWD H KD DV
VXQWR LO QRPH GL PRVFKHWWR 76 PRGLILFDWR YHGL SDJLQD (
VWDWR
LQIDWWL VRVWLWXLWR LO ERFFKLQR RULJLQDULR FRQ XQR LGHQWLFR D TXHOOR GHO
IXFLOH'LFRQVHJXHQ]DXVDODPHGHVLPD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD GHOIX

FLOH
$FHQWLPHWULFLUFDGDOODYRODWDqVLVWHPDWDXQDIDVFHWWDFKHVHU
YHDQFKHDILVVDUHLOFRSULFDQQDODTXDOHqGRWDWDGL XQD PDJOLHWWDH

GL XQ
DVROD ILVVD VLWD ODWHUDOPHQWH D VLQLVWUD FRVD TXHVWD FKH FRQ
VHQWH FRPHQHOOD YHUVLRQH RULJLQDOH OD SRVVLELOLWjGHOOD GRSSLD VLVWH
PD]LRQHGHOODFLQJKLD1HOODSDUWHLQIHULRUHODSLDVWUHWWDFRQPDJOLHWWD
H OD SLDVWUHWWD ODWHUDOH QRQ KDQQRVXEuWR YDULDQWL ULVSHWWR DO PRGHOOR

RULJLQDOH
(VLVWRQR DQFKH PRVFKHWWL SHU WUXSSH VSHFLDOL GHO SULPR WLSR FKH
SXUPDQWHQHQGRLOERFFKLQROXQJRKDQQRLOIHUPRGHOODEDLRQHWWDFR

PH TXHOOR GHO WLSR PRGLILFDWR FLRq FRQ XQ IHUPR SDUDOOHOR DOO
DVVH
GHOODFDQQDLQYHFHFKHWUDVYHUVDOH
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOOR76PRGLILFDWR
$O PRVFKHWWR 76 IX DGDWWDWR QHO XQ WURPERQFLQR ODQFLD
ERPEH
0RVFKHWWR PRGHOOR 76 PRGLILFDWR FRQ DQQHVVR WURPERQFLQR PRGHO

OR,QDOWRYLVWDODWHUDOHLQEDVVRYLVWDGDOO
DOWD6LQRWLFKHO
RWWX
UDWRUHqVWDWRVILODWRHLQVHULWRQHOODFXODWWDPRELOHGHOWURPERQFLQR
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOORFDOSHUVTXDGURQH55&&*XDUGLH
GHO5H+DOHVWHVVHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOPRVFKHWWRGDOTXDOHVLGLI

IHUHQ]LDSHUFKpKDVXOODFDQQDDFLUFDPPGDOODYRODWD XQ IHUPR

SHUODEDLRQHWWDFKHqDVH]LRQHTXDGUDQJRODUHqOXQJDPPHKD
XQ PDQLFR D JKLHUD GHO WLSR GHWWR DOOD 9DXEDQ TXDQGR QRQ q LQD
VWDWDODEDLRQHWWDYLHQHVLVWHPDWDQHOO
DSSRVLWRFDQDOHHLOPDQLFRLQ
YHVWH OD YRODWDGHOODFDQQD4XDQGR q LQDVWDWD ODEDLRQHWWD q VLWD D
GHVWUD GHOOD FDQQD LO PDQXEULR LO QDVHOOR GHO WXEHWWR OD VFD
WRODVHUEDWRLR OR ]RFFROR HG LO ERWWRQH GHOO

DO]R LO ERFFKLQR H OD SLD
VWUHWWDFRQ PDJOLHWWD VLWD QHOOD SDUWH DQWHULRUHGHO FDOFLRVRQRGRUDWL
ODFDVVD LQQRFHqSLOXQJD H DUULYDD PPGDOOD ERFFD+D LO FD

QDOHGHOODEDLRQHWWDJXDUQLWRGLPHWDOORGRUDWR
/
DUPDIXSRLGDWDLQGRWD]LRQHDLFRUD]]LHULGHO3UHVLGHQWH
0RVFKHWWR PRGHOOR FDOLEUR SHU VTXDGURQH 5HDOL &DUDELQLHUL

*XDUGLH GHO 5H DWWXDOPHQWH LQ GRWD]LRQH DL FRUD]]LHUL GHO SUHVLGHQWH
GHOOD5HSXEEOLFD6LQRWLQROHSDUWLSLFKLDUHFKHVRQRGRUDWH,QDOWRLO
PRVFKHWWRFRQODEDLRQHWWDFDSRYROWR,QEDVVRFRQODEDLRQHWWDLQDVWD
WD
0RVFKHWWR PRGHOOR 'HULYD GD XQD WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GHO IX
FLOH PRGHOOR YHGL SDJ +D OH PHGHVLPH FDUDWWHULVWLFKH GHO

PRVFKHWWR 76 PRGLILFDWR GDO TXDOH VL GLIIHUHQ]LD SHU OD IRUPD H GL
PHQVLRQL GHOO
DO]R FKH q LGHQWLFR D TXHOOR GHO IXFLOH VDOYR SHU OH
JUDGXD]LRQLFKHYDQQRGDDHWWRPHWUL(VLVWRQRDQFKHHVHPSODUL
FRQODWDFFDGLPLUDGHOULWWRVSRVWDWDLQDYDQWLVXOULWWRVWHVVR
0RVFKHWWRPRGHOOR 6LQRWLFKH O
DO]R KD OH VWHVVH GLPHQVLRQL GL
TXHOORGHOIXFLOHPRGHOOR
)XFLOH PRGHOOR YHGL SDJLQD VWDWR RWWHQXWR PH
GLDQWHRSSRUWXQH PRGLILFKH DSSRUWDWH DO IXFLOH PRGHOOR GHO TXDOH

FRQVHUYD SHUz L SUHJL GL UREXVWH]]D UXVWLFLWj LQWHUFDPELDELOLWj GHOOH
SDUWLHFFHWHUD
SL OHJJHURGHOO
DUPD PDGUH PHQR LQJRPEUDQWH H FRVD SL LP
SRUWDQWHKDXQFDOLEURPDJJLRUHPPFKHVLqRWWHQXWRDOHVDQGR

RSSRUWXQDPHQWHODFDQQDGHOFDOLEUR
/D EDLRQHWWD GHO IXFLOH PRGHOOR q QRWHYROPHQWH SL FRUWD GHOOH
DOWUH
$QDOL]]DQGRDWWHQWDPHQWHLOQXRYRIXFLOHQRWLDPRFKHHVVRVLGLIIH
UHQ]LDGDOSHUFKpODFDQQDqOXQJDPPHGKDXQDULJDWXUDHOL

FRLGDOH SURIRQGD PP D SDVVR FRVWDQWH PP GHVWURUVD OD
OXQJKH]]DGHOODSDUWHULJDWDqGLPPLOFDOLEURFRPHVRSUDDE
ELDPRGHWWRqGLPPWUDLSLHQLWUDLYXRWLqLQYHFHGLPP
O
LQJURVVDPHQWR GHOOD SDUWH WHUPLQDOH GHOOD FDQQD QRQ q VIDFFHWWDWR
PDqGLIRUPDWURQFRFRQLFDODFDVVDqOXQJDPPHKDVXOIXVWR
GXHVFDQDODWXUHFKHIDFLOLWDQRO
LPSXJQDWXUDGHOO
DUPDQHOFDOFLRqVL
VWHPDWDODEDFFKHWWDFKHqDWUHHOHPHQWLLOFDOFLRORqDSSRVLWDPHQWH
IRUQLWRGLXQRVSRUWHOORD VFDWWR LO SXQWDPHQWR q HIIHWWXDWR PHGLDQWH
XQ
XQLFD OLQHDGL PLUD HVLVWH SHUWDQWR XQD WDFFD GL PLUD ILVVD FKH q
HVDWWDSHUODGLVWDQ]DGLPHWULOXQJKH]]DGHOODOLQHDGLPLUDPP
O
DUPD q GRWDWD GL XQ DWWDFFR SHU OD EDLRQHWWDSXJQDOH GHOOD
TXDOHSDUOLDPRSL DYDQWL HVLVWH XQ DWWDFFRGL ILDQFR SHU OD FLQJKLD
FKHqILVVDWDVXSHULRUPHQWHDXQDPDJOLHWWDHG LQIHULRUPHQWHDG XQD

VSUDQJKHWWDFRQUXOOR
8QDSDUWLFRODULWjLPSRUWDQWHGHOOH DUPLPRGHOOR qFRVWLWXLWDGDO
IDWWRFKHVXOODEDVHGHOO
DO]RqLQFLVRLOFDOLEUR
)XFLOHPRGHOOR
/HSDUWLUHVWDQWLVRQRHJXDOLDTXHOOHHVLVWHQWLVXOIXFLOHPRGHOOR

QHO GLVHJQR TXL VRWWR DEELDPR YROXWR DSSXQWR LQGLFDUH OH SDUWL QRQ
FRPXQLDOOHGXHDUPL
8QD VRVWDQ]LDOH PRGLILFD DOOD EDLRQHWWD q VWDWD DSSRUWDWD FRQ OD
DGR]LRQHGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR(VVD qVWDWDQRWHYROPHQWHDFFRU
FLDWDHGqVWDWDUHVDULSLHJDWLOHPHGLDQWHXQRVQRGRFRPDQGDWRGDXQ
ERWWRQHHODVWLFRFLzSHUFRQVHQWLUHFKHHVVDVLDWHQXWDFRVWDQWHPHQWH
DSSOLFDWDDOO
DUPDHDOORJJLDWDLQ XQ
DSSRVLWD IHVVXUDYHUWLFDOHGHO IX
VWR 1HOOD YHUVLRQH RULJLQDULD LO FRPDQGR GL VYLQFROR GHO SX
JQDOHEDLRQHWWD GHOO
DUPDHUD FRVWLWXLWR D VLPLJOLDQ]D GL TXDQWRSUD
WLFDWR LQ TXHOOD GHO PRVFKHWWR DXWRPDWLFR %HUHWWD PRGHOOR $ GD
XQDOHYD]LJULQDWDLQFRUSRUDWDQHOODJXDQFLDLQOHJQRVLVWHPDTXHVWR
FKHGHYHHVVHUHVWDWRULWHQXWRFRPHLQIDWWLqHVWUHPDPHQWHVFRPRGR

6LqSHUWDQWRVXFFHVVLYDPHQWHULWHQXWRJLXVWRDEROLUHODOHYDHULSUL
VWLQDUHLOFRPDQGRDERWWRQH FRVuFRPHQHOOHEDLRQHWWHGHOIXFLOH
3DUWLFRODUH GHO IXFLOH PRGHOOR FRQ EDLRQHWWD GDOOD ODPD ULSLHJDELOH
YHUVLRQH RULJLQDULD $ VLQLVWUD FRQ ODPD ULSLHJDWD $ GHVWUD FRQ ODPD
LQDVWDWD
/DEDLRQHWWDDODPDULSLHJDELOHGHQWURO
LPSXJQDWXUDSHUIXFLOH PRGHOOR
6LQRWLO
LQFRQVXHWDOHYDGLVYLQFROR

%DLRQHWWDSHUIXFLOHPRGHOORDODPDULSLHJDELOH
5LWHQLDPR RSSRUWXQR SUHFLVDUH FKH LO PRGHOOR RULJLQDULR GHO IXFLOH
YHGLILJXUDTXLVRWWRSDUWLFRODUH$VXEuXQDLPPHGLDWDWUDVIRUPD

]LRQHGHOERFFKLQRULVXOWDQGRHVWHWLFDPHQWHFRVuFRPHqLQGLFDWRQHOOD
VWHVVDILJXUDSDUWLFRODUH%

(GHFFRRUDTXDOFKHGDWRUHODWLYRDOO
DUPDGLFXLVRSUD
SHVRVHQ]DFLQJKLDFRQEDLRQHWWD
NJ
OXQJKH]]DVHQ]DEDLRQHWWD
PP
OXQJKH]]DWRWDOHGHOODEDLRQHWWD
PP
OXQJKH]]DFRQEDLRQHWWD
PP
0RVFKHWWRSHUFDYDOOHULDPRGHOORFDOYHGLSDJLQD
SUHVVRFKqLGHQWLFRDOPRVFKHWWRSHUFDYDOOHULDPRGHOORGDOTXDOH
GLIIHULVFHSHUODULJDWXUDFKHqHOLFRLGDOHHGHVWURUVDDSDVVRFRVWDQWH
PP O
DO]R FKH q FRVWLWXLWR GD XQD JKLHUD DYHQWH XQD WDFFD GL
PLUDILVVDHVDWWDSHUODGLVWDQ]DGLPODOXQJKH]]DGHOODOLQHDGL
PLUDqGLPP
0RVFKHWWRSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOL76PRGHOORFDOYHGLSD
JLQD+DOHVWHVVHFDUDWWHULVWLFKHGHOPRVFKHWWRSHUFDYDOOHULDVR
SUDGHVFULWWR
(VWHWLFDPHQWH q LGHQWLFR DO PRVFKHWWR 76 PRGLILFDWR QDWX
UDOPHQWH FRPHWXWWH OH DUPLPRGHOOR KD XQ DO]R D WDFFDGL PLUD
ILVVD
8VDODVWHVVDVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD GHOIXFLOH
/HDUPLPRGHOORFDOLEURQRQHEEHURLQYHURLOVXFFHVVR FKH
DYUHEEHURLQYHFHPHULWDWRODFDXVD SULQFLSDOHGLTXHVWRLQVXFFHVVRq
GD ULFHUFDUVL HVVHQ]LDOPHQWH QHO IDWWR FKH OD ORUR GLVWULEX]LRQH DL UH
SDUWL YHQQH D FRLQFLGHUH R TXDVL FRQ O
LQL]LR GHOOD VHFRQGD JXHUUD
PRQGLDOH
/
RVVDWXUD GHOO
DUPDPHQWR LWDOLDQR HUD DOORUD FRVWLWXLWD GD DUPL
DYHQWLLOFDOLEURWUDGL]LRQDOHGLPPSHUFXLDOILQHGLXQLIRUPDUHLO
PXQL]LRQDPHQWRIXGHFLVRGLULWLUDUHDLUHSDUWLGHOO
HVHUFLWROHDUPL

,Q DOWR PRVFKHWWR SHU FDYDOOHULD PRGHOOD ,Q EDVVR PRVFKHWWR 76
PRGHOOR
FDOLEUR FKH YHQQHUR VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH GDWH LQ GLVWULEX]LRQH DOOD
*,/
)XDOORUDGHFLVRGLFRVWUXLUHOHDUPLPRGHOORLQFDOLEURHFLz
DOILQHGLSRWHUXVDUHOHPXQL]LRQLGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR
$YHPPR FRVu LO IXFLOH LO PRVFKHWWR SHU FDYDOOHULD H LO PRVFKHWWR PR
GHOORFDOLEUR
4XDOLOHGLIIHUHQ]HWUDOHDUPLGHOORVWHVVRPRGHOORPDGLFDOLEURGL
YHUVR"'DOSXQWRGLYLVWDHVWHWLFRQHVVXQD
'DOSXQWRGLYLVWDWHFQLFRQRWLDPRLQYHFH OHVHJXHQWLSDUWLFRODULWj
LO FDOLEURO
DOWH]]D GHO PLULQR FKHq VWDWD PRGLILFDWDLQ UHOD]LRQH DOOH
QXRYH TXDOLWjEDOLVWLFKHGHOO
DUPD OD WDFFD GL PLUD ILVVDq VWDWD UHVD
HVDWWDDOODGLVWDQ]DGLP
LPSRUWDQWH SUHFLVDUH FKH LO IXFLOH PRGHOOR FDOLEUR KD
PDQWHQXWRODULJDWXUDHOLFRLGDOHDTXDWWURULJKHSURIRQGLWjPP
GHVWURUVDHDSDVVRFRVWDQWHPPJLjDGRWWDWDGDOOHDUPLPRGHOOR

FDOLEURLPRVFKHWWLLQYHFHKDQQR DGRWWDWR QXRYDPHQWH OD UL

JDWXUDSURJUHVVLYDSDVVRLQL]LDOHPPSDVVRDOODERFFDPP
SURSULDGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR
$QFKH ODEDLRQHWWDGHO IXFLOH FDOLEUR VXEu DOFXQH PRGLILFKH
ULVSHWWR DO PRGHOOR RULJLQDULR )HUPH UHVWDQGR OH PLVXUH OD ODPD q
VWDWDUHVDILVVDHQHOIRGHURYHQQHDEROLWRLOSDVVDQWHPHWDOOLFRVRVWL
WXLWRGDXQJDQFLRSHUODVLVWHPD]LRQHGHOODERUVDLQFXRLRJULJLRYHUGH
GLPRGHOORDQDORJR DTXHOOD XVDWD SHU OD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD GHO IXFLOH

YHGL ILJXUD VRWWR (VLVWH DQFKH XQ WLSR GL WUDQVL]LRQH FKH SXU
DYHQGRODODPDILVVD KDQHOO
LPSXJQDWXUDODVFDQDODWXUDSHUODODPD
SLHJKHYROH
%DLRQHWWDSHUIXFLOHPRGHOORFRQODPDILVVD
8QD XOWHULRUH PRGLILFD GHO PRVFKHWWR 76 VL HEEH TXDQGR
O
DUPDYHQQHDGDWWDWDSHUO
XVRGHOPXQL]LRQDPHQWRWHGHVFRFRVWLWXLWR
GDFDUWXFFHFDOLEUR
1RQ FL FRQVWD SHUz FKH GHWWR WLSR GL DUPD VLD VWDWR GDWR LQ GRWD
]LRQHDUHSDUWLGHOO
HVHUFLWRLWDOLDQR
,OPRVFKHWWRPRGHOORSHUWUXSSHVSHFLDOLLQFDOLEUR 0DXVHU
FDUWXFFLDFRUULVSRQGHQWHDTXHOOD GDFDFFLDJURVVDGHQRPLQDWDFRP
PHUFLDOPHQWH[qULFRQRVFLELOHSHUOHVHJXHQWLFDUDWWHULVWLFKH

ROWUHFKHRYYLDPHQWHSHULOPDJJLRUFDOLEURGHOODFDQQD/
RWWXUDWRUHq
VWDWR PRGLILFDWR QHOOD IDFFLD ULVSHWWR D TXHOOD RULJLQDULD D FDXVD GHO
PDJJLRUGLDPHWURGHOERVVRORSHUFDUWXFFLDFDOLEURVXOODEDVHGHO
PDQXEULRqLPSUHVVDODOHWWHUD6SUREDELOPHQWHLQL]LDOHGL6SLW]H
DJJHWWLYRFKHLQWHGHVFRVLJQLILFDDSSXQWLWR HGqVWDWRLPSLHJDWRSHU
GHILQLUHODIRUPDDSSXQWLWDGHOSURLHWWLOHSHUODFDUWXFFLD FDOLEUR
0DXVHUDGRWWDWDDLSULQFLSLGHOVHFROR/DFXODWWDPRELOH KDXQRVJX
VFLR DOOD SDUWH DQWHULRUH GHOO
DSHUWXUD GL FDULFDPHQWR SHU SHUPHWWHUH
O
LQWURGX]LRQHQHOVHUEDWRLRGHOOH FDUWXFFH FDOLEURSLOXQJKHGL
TXHOOH FDOLEUR 6XOOD SDUWH DQWHULRUH q LPSUHVVD OD OHWWHUD 6 /D
FDVVD SUHVHQWD XQ EXOORQH SDVVDQWH LQ FRUULVSRQGHQ]D GL FLDVFXQR
GHL WUDYHUVLQL ,QILQH OD WDFFD GL PLUD SRUWD O

LQGLFD]LRQH GHO FDOLEUR
LPSUHVVDQHOODSDUWHVXSHULRUH
,Q DOWR PRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR 76FDOLEUR,QEDVVRSDUWLFRODUH

GHOORVWHVVRVLQRWLORVJXVFLRQHOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHOODFXODWWDPRELOH
0XVHRGHOOD*XHUUDGL5RYHUHWR
)XFLOHPRGHOORFDOYHGLSDJLQD 4XHVW
DUPDGLIIHULVFH
GDOIXFLOHLQTXDQWRqSLFRUWRGLFLUFDPPOXQJKH]]DVHQ]D

EDLRQHWWDPPODFDQQDqOXQJDPPOXQJKH]]DGHOODSDUWH
ULJDWDPPHKDODULJDWXUDHOLFRLGDOHFRQTXDWWURULJKHGHVWURUVH
SURIRQGHPPDSDVVRFRVWDQWHPP
&RPHQHOOH DUPLPRGHOOR O

LQJURVVDPHQWRWHUPLQDOH VIDFFHWWDWR
q VWDWR VRVWLWXLWR GD XQ LQJURVVDPHQWR D IRUPD WURQFRFRQLFD SDUWL

FRODULWjULVFRQWUDWDDQFKHLQDUPLPRGHOORSURGRWWHQHOOD
)XFLOHPRGHOORFDOLEUR
FDVVDqOXQJDPPHLOFDOFLRqSURWHWWRGDXQFDOFLRORFXLPDQFD
ODQHUYDWXUDFHQWUDOHODIDVFHWWDSHUPHWWHLOGXSOLFHDWWDFFRGHOODFLQ
JKLDO
DO]RKDOR]RFFRORJUDGXDWRGDPDPJUDGXD]LRQLGL
LQHIDFRUSRXQLFRFRQODJKLHUDG
DO]R
,O SHVR WRWDOH GHOO

DUPD VHQ]D FLQJKLD H VHQ]D EDLRQHWWD q GL NJ

,O IXFLOH PRGHOOR DGRSHUD OD VWHVVD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD GHO IXFLOH

'XUDQWHODVHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHQHOYHQQHDGRWWDWRXIIL
FLDOPHQWHPDQRQGLVWULEXLWRXQIXFLOHPRGHOOR DQDORJRDTXHOOR

PRGHOORGDFXLGLIIHULVFHSHUFKpSURYYLVWRGLDO]RHFFHQWULFR

9HQQH DOWUHVu VSHULPHQWDWR XQ IXFLOH PRGHOOR PRGLILFDWR QHO FRQ
JHJQRG
DOLPHQWD]LRQHFKHHUDGHOWLSR0DXVHUDQ]LFKp0DQQOLFKHU
$OFXQH DUPL PRGHOOR IXURQR XVDWH DQFKH GD WUXSSH VWUDQLHUH
'XUDQWHODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHIXFLOLPRGHOORFDWWXUDWLGDOOHIRU
]H DUPDWHDXVWURXQJDULFKH YHQQHUR PRGLILFDWLQHOOD FDPHUD GL VFRS
SLRSHUSHUPHWWHUHO
LPSLHJRROWUHFKHGHOOHPXQL]LRQLLWDOLDQHDQFKH
GHOOD FDUWXFFLD JUHFD GD PRGHOOR GL SURGX]LRQH DXVWULDFD
6XOOD IDFFHWWD GHVWUD GHOOD FDQQD YHQLYD LPSUHVVD O
LVFUL]LRQH ,W X
*U
'XUDQWHODJXHUUDILQQRVRYLHWLFD YHQQHUR IRUQLWL DOOD )LQODQGLDIX
FLOLPRGHOORFDOLEURFKHQRQIXURQRSHUzLPSLHJDWLLQSULPDOL
QHD'RSRODVHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHDOFXQHQD]LRQLFRPHO
(WLRSLD
OD *UHFLD H OD-XJRVODYLDGLVWULEXLURQRDOOH SURSULH WUXSSH DUPL H
FDOLEUR
5LFRUGLDPRLQILQHLOIXFLOHJLDSSRQHVHWLSR,SURGRWWRLQ,WDOLDSHU
OHIRU]HDUPDWHQLSSRQLFKHHLPSLHJDQWHODFXODWWDPRELOH HO
RWWXUDWR
UHGHOIXFLOH
)XFLOHPRGHOORSURYYLVWRGLDO]RHFFHQWULFR

FDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDPRGHOOR
WLSRRULJLQDOH
FDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDPRGHOOR
WLSRPRGLILFDWR
FDUWXFFLDULGRWWDSHUDUPLPRGHOOR

FDUWXFFLDULGRWWDSHU6RFLHWjGL7LUR
D6HJQR1D]LRQDOH
FDUWXFFLDULGRWWDSHU6RFLHWjGL7LUR
D6HJQR1D]LRQDOH
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOHSHU
LOWLURILQRDPHWUL
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOH
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOHPR
GHOORWLSR0DJLVWUL
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOHPR
GHOORWLSR0DJLVWUL
FDUWXFFLDSHUWLSRULGRWWRSHUDUPL
PRGHOOR
FDSSHOOR]]R H SDOORWWROLQD SHU FDU
WXFFLDGDWLURULGRWWRSHUDUPLPRGHOOR

FDUWXFFLDSHUWLURULGRWWRPRGHOOR

FDUWXFFLDSHUWLURULGRWWRPRGHOOR

FDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOOR
FRQERVVRORULFDULFDWR
FDUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQHPRGHOOR
WLSRRULJLQDOH
FDUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQHPRGHOOR
WLSRPRGLILFDWR
FDUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQHFRQIDOVD
SDOORWWRODGLOHJQR
FDUWXFFLDSHUIRUDQWH
FDUWXFFLDOXPLQRVDLQFHQGLDULD
WUDFFLDQWH
FDUWXFFLDGLODQFLRSHUERPEH%H
QDJOLDYLVWDGDOO
DOWR
FDUWXFFLDGLODQFLRSHUWURPERQFLQR
YLVWDGDOO
DOWR
FDUWXFFLDGLODQFLRSDUWURPERQFLQR
FDUWXFFLDSHUSURYDIRU]DWD
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODGD
FDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDGD
FDUWXFFLDIUDQJLELOHGDWLSR
0DJLVWUL
FDUWXFFLDSHUWLURULGRWWRGD
FDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHGD
FDULFDWRUHGLFDUWXFFHSDOORWWRODGD

FDULFDWRUH0DQQOLFKHUIXFLOHWHGH
VFRPRGHOOR
FDULFDWRUHPRGHOORDXVWULDFR
FDULFDWRUHLQDFFLDLRSHUDUPLFDO
H
FDULFDWRUHLQDFFLDLREUXQLWRRULJL
QDULDPHQWHSUHYLVWRSHUOHFDUWXFFH
SHUWLURULGRWWRPRGHOOR
FDULFDWRUHGLFDUWXFFHDSDOORWWROD
GD
SDFFKHWWRGLFDULFDWRULDSDOORW
WRODGD
FDULFDWRUHGLFDUWXFFHGD
FDULFDWRUHLQIHUURVWDJQDWRSHUDU
PLFDOLEURqLOWLSRRULJLQDOHDGRW
WDWRQHO
FDULFDWRUHLQRWWRQH
SDFFKHWWRGLFDULFDWRULDSDOORW
WRODGD

3HQHWUD]LRQHQHLEHUVDJOLLQDQLPDWLGHOODSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULD
GDVSDUDWDFROIXFLOHPRGHOOR
/HSHQHWUD]LRQLPDVVLPHVLKDQQRSHUTXDVLWXWWLLPDWHULDOLWUDL
HLPHWULSHUFKpVHEEHQHODSHQHWUD]LRQHGHLSURLHWWLDYYHQJD
LQIXQ]LRQHGHOODORURIRU]DYLYDDOOHPLQRULGLVWDQ]HLOSURLHWWRTXDQGR
LQFRQWUDXQEHUVDJOLRVLGHIRUPDHODSHQHWUD]LRQHqTXLQGLPLQRUH
3HQHWUD]LRQHLQPPDOOH
GLVWDQ]HGL
7HUUDFRPXQHDVFLXWWD
7HUUDFRPXQHEDJQDWD
7HUUDFRPXQHDVFLXWWDH
SLJLDWD
7HUUDFRPXQHEDJQDWDH
SLJLDWD
6DEELDYLYDDVFLXWWD
6DEELDYLYDEDJQDWDH
SLJLDWD
*KLDLD
/HJQRGROFH
/HJQRIRUWH
0XULLQFDOFHVWUX]]R
/DPLHUDGLIHUURGROFH
1HYHFDGXWDGLUHFHQWH
1HYHEDWWXWDHJHODWD

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

&RQWLURLQGLUH]LRQHQRUPDOHDOOHILEUHFRQGLUH]LRQHSDUDOOHODDOOH
ILEUHDXPHQWDGL
1HOO
DFFLDLRGXURODSHQHWUD]LRQHqGLVROLPP

081,=,21,%8))(77(5,(
($&&(6625,
3(5$50,02'(//2
GL$OHVVLR*ULPDOGL
081,=,21$0(172&$/PP
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULD/DFDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODDGRWWDWD
DVVLHPHDO IXFLOH H DO PRVFKHWWR GD FDYDOOHULD PRGHOOR YHQQHSUR

JHWWDWDGD /XLJL 6FRWWL FRQWH GHOOD 6FDOD GL 6DQ *LRUJLR FDSRWHFQLFR
FROODXGDWRUHDO3LURWHFQLFRGL%RORJQDGDODO
,O ERVVROR GHOOD FDUWXFFLD q GL RWWRQH OD SDUWH LQIHULRUH q OHJJHU
PHQWH WURQFRFRQLFD DOOR VFRSR GL IDFLOLWDUH O

HVWUD]LRQH GHO ERVVROR
VSDUDWRODSDUWHVXSHULRUHqFLOLQGULFDHXQLWDDOODSULPDPHGLDQWHXQ

WURQFRGLFRQRFKHGjDSSRJJLRDOODFDUWXFFLDQHOODFDPHUDGLVFRSSLR
LOIRQGHOORSUHVHQWDXQDVFDQDODWXUDDQXODUHGLSUHVDGHOO
HVWUDWWRUHH
XQD IDFFLD LQIHULRUH SLDQD FRQ DO FHQWUR LO SRUWDFDSVXOD FRQ

LQFXGLQHWWD H GXH IRUL SHU LO SDVVDJJLR GHOOD YDPSD SURGRWWD GDOOD
GHIODJUD]LRQHGHOO
LQQHVFR VXO IRQGHOOR VRQR LPSUHVVL FRQWUDVVHJQL GL
IDEEULFD]LRQHGHOERVVROR
/
LQQHVFR GHOWLSR RUGLQDULR q FRVWLWXLWRGD XQD FDSVXOD GL RWWRQH
FRQWHQHQWH J GL FRPSRVL]LRQH IXOPLQDQWH FLRq XQD PLVFHOD GL

IXOPLQDWRGLPHUFXULRSDUWL FORUDWRGLSRWDVVLR SDUWH HVROIXUR
GLDQWLPRQLRSDUWHVRWWUDWWDDOFRQWDWWRGHOO

DULDPHGLDQWHXQVRW
WLOHVWUDWRGLYHUQLFH
/DSDOORWWRODGHOGLDPHWURGLPPSHVDJHGqOXQJDPP
q GL IRUPD FLOLQGULFDSHU PP LO UHVWR FLRq OD SXQWD q GL
IRUPDRJLYDOH
ULFRSHUWDGDXQLQYROXFURGLPDLOOHFKRUWOHJDGLUDPH
HQLFKHOLRLGHDWDGDOODFDVDDXVWULDFD5RWKFRQWHQHQWHXQ
QXFOHRGLSLRPERWUDILODWRVDOGDWRHFRPSUHVVR
&DUWXFFLDFDOLEURDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULDPRGHOORR
/DFDULFDGLSROYHUHFRQVLVWHLQJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO
1JUDQLFXELFLGLFLUFDPPGLODWR JUDQLSHUJUDPPR
WHQXWDLQVLWRGDXQELRFFRORGLFRWRQHLGURILOR/DSDOORWWRODSRJJLDFRO
VXRIRQGHOORVXXQULVDOWRDQXODUHGHOO
LQWHUQRGHOODERFFDGHLERVVROR

DYHQWHORVFRSRGLLPSHGLUHFKHODSDOORWWRODSHQHWULQHOERVVRORVWHVVR
SLGHOSUHYLVWRHGqWUDWWHQXWDGDOODWHQVLRQHGHOODERFFDGHOERVVROR
/DFDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWROD SHUDUPLPRGHOOR YHQQHPRGLILFDWD QHO
SHURYYLDUHDVIXJJLWHGLJDVFKHVLYHULILFDYDQRDOIRQGHOORWUDOD
FDSVXOD H LO SRUWDFDSVXOD H DXPHQWDUH OD UHVLVWHQ]D GHO ERVVROR /D
FDUWXFFLD PRGLILFDWD YHQQH GHQRPLQDWD PRGHOOR H SUHVHQWD
VXOOD IDFFLD LQIHULRUH GHO IRQGHOOR XQ LQFDYR D FRURQD FLUFRODUH VWDP
SDWR FRQFHQWULFDPHQWH DO SRUWDFDSVXOD 1HOO
LQFDYR VWHVVR VRQR ULFD
YDWLLQULOLHYRLFRQWUDVVHJQLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHGHOERVVROR
,Q DOWR D VLQLVWUDVH]LRQH GL IRQGHOOR GLERVVROR PRGHOOR $ GHVWUD

VH]LRQH GLIRQGHOOR GLERVVROR PRGHOOR ,Q EDVVR D VLQLVWUDIRQ
GHOORGLERVVRORPRGHOORDOFHQWURIRQGHOORGLERVVRORPRGHOOR
FDULFDWRDEDOLVWLWHDGHVWUD IRQGHOOR GLERVVROR PRGHOOR FDULFDWR
DVROHQLWH

6XFFHVVLYDPHQWHODFDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWROD PRGHOOR VXEuYDULH
DOWUH PRGLILFKH VHQ]D SHUz FKH QH YHQLVVH PDL PXWDWD OD GHQRPLQD
]LRQHFKHFRQVHUYDWXWWRUD
/DSULPDPRGLILFDIXODVRVWLWX]LRQHGHOODFDULFDGLEDOLVWLWHFRQXQD
FDULFD GL JUDPPL GL VROHQLWH LQ WXEHWWL JUDQL FLOLQGULFL IRUDWL GL
PP GLOXQJKH]]D H GL PP GL GLDPHWUR HVWHUQR H PP GL GLD
PHWUR GHO IRURy JUDQL SHU JUDPPR /D VROHQLWH DYHQGR XQD
WHPSHUDWXUDGLHVSORVLRQHLQIHULRUHDTXHOODGHOODEDOLVWLWHFRQ
WURSUHVHQWDLOJUDQGHYDQWDJJLRGLFDXVDUHXQDPLQRUHHURVLR
QH GHOOH FDQQH DXPHQWDQGRQH FRQVLGHUHYROPHQWH OD GXUDWD /D VROH
QLWHYHQQHSURGRWWDSHUODSULPDYROWDQHOSUHVVRLO5HDOH 3ROYH
ULILFLRVXO/LULFKHQHODYHYDLQL]LDWRODSURGX]LRQHGHOODEDOLVWLWH
SUHFHGHQWHPHQWH WXWWD OD EDOLVWLWHYHQLYDDFTXLVWDWDGDOOD 6RFLHWj'L

QDPLWH1REHOGL$YLJOLDQD
3HU O
LGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOH FDUWXFFH FDULFDWH FRQ VROHQLWH L ERVVROL
SUHVHQWDYDQRQHOO
LQFDYRDFRURQDFLUFRODUHGHOIRQGHOORXQDFURFHUL
FDYDWDLQULOLHYRLQ DJJLXQWD DL FRQWUDVVHJQLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHGHO ERV
VROR 7XWWH OH FDUWXFFH RUGLQDULH SURGRWWH GDO 3LURWHFQLFR GL %RORJQD
YHQQHUR FDULFDWH FRQ VROHQLWH D SDUWLUH GDO TXHOOH SURGRWWH GDO
3LURWHFQLFRGL&DSXDDSDUWLUHGDO3ULPDGHOO
LQL]LRGHOODJUDQGH
JXHUUDYHQQHVRSSUHVVDOD FURFHGDO IRQGHOORGHOOH FDUWXFFHFDULFKHD

VROHQLWH
/DPRGLILFDVXFFHVVLYDIXO
DGR]LRQHGHOOD WULSOLFH SXQ]RQDWXUDSHU
HOLPLQDUHODWHQVLRQHGHOODERFFDGHOERVVRORVXOODSDOORWWRODLPSHGLUH
FKH OD SDOORWWROD VL VSRVWDVVH LQ DYDQWL H OD PDQRPLVVLRQH GHOOD FDU
WXFFLD /H WUH SXQ]RQDWXUH WUDSH]RLGDOL IDQQR SHQHWUDUH O
RWWRQH GHO
ERVVROR LQ XQ
DSSRVLWD VFDQDODWXUD DQXODUH GHOOD SDOORWWROD RSSRUWX

QDPHQWH PRGLILFDWD $OFXQL ORWWL GL FDUWXFFH RUGLQDULH SURGRWWL GDOOD
6RFLHWj 0HWDOOXUJLFD ,WDOLDQD QHO QRQ KDQQR OD WULSOLFH SXQ]R
QDWXUDHODVFDQDODWXUDDQXODUHGHOODSDOORWWRODqVSRVWDWDYHUVRO
RJL
YDLQPRGR GDSHUPHWWHUHO
DJJUDIIDWXUDGHOFROOHWWRGHOERVVRORLQHV
VD /D WULSOLFH SXQ]RQDWXUD IX GHILQLWLYDPHQWH DEROLWD DOO
LQL]LR GHOOD
VHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH HVRVWLWXLWD GDOO

DJJUDIIDWXUDGHO FROOHWWRGHO
ERVVRORLQXQDDSSRVLWDVFDQDODWXUDJRGURQDWDGHOODSDOORWWROD
$VLQLVWUDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULDSULPRWLSR DOFHQWURSDOORWWROD RUGLQDULD

SHUFDUWXFFHWULSXQ]RQDWHDGHVWUDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULD FRQVFDQDODWXUD
JRGURQDWDWLSRDWWXDOH
$SDUWLUHGDO LQROWUHO
LQFDPLFLDWXUDGL PDLOOHFKRUWGHOOHSDO
ORWWROHIXVRVWLWXLWDGDLQFDPLFLDWXUHLQDFFLDLRSODFFDWRDOPDLOOHFKRUW
R DO WRPEDFFR HG D SDUWLUH GDO YHQQHUR DOOHVWLWL GDOOD 6RFLHWj
0HWDOOXUJLFD ,WDOLDQD H GDOOD %RPEULQL 3DURGL'HOILQR YDUL ORWWL GL
FDUWXFFHFRQERVVRORGLDFFLDLRODFFDWR'RSRODVHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQ
GLDOHYHQQHURSURGRWWLDOFXQLORWWLFRQSDOORWWROHLQFDPLFLDWHLQPDLOOH
FKRUWODSURGX]LRQHFRUUHQWHKDO
LQFDPLFLDWXUDLQDFFLDLRSODFFDWRDO

WRPEDFFR/HFDUWXFFHSHUDUPLPRGHOORVRQRVWDWHSURGRWWHGDO3L
URWHFQLFRGL%RORJQDGDO3LURWHFQLFRGL&DSXDGDOOD6RFLHWj0HWDOOXU
JLFD,WDOLDQDGDOOD%RPEULQL3DURGL'HOILQR HGDOOD/pRQ%HDX[ &
/H FDUWXFFH SURGRWWHGDL GXH3LURWHFQLFL UHFDQRVXO IRQGHOOR OH LQL
]LDOL GHO FDSRWHFQLFR FROODXGDWRUH OD OHWWHUD % SHU TXHOOH SURGRWWH
SUHVVRLO3LURWHFQLFRGL%RORJQDRSSXUHODOHWWHUD&SHUTXHOOHSURGRWWH
SUHVVRLO3LURWHFQLFRGL&DSXDHOHXOWLPHGXHFLIUHGHOO
DQQRGLSURGX
]LRQH GHO ERVVROR VDOYR FKH SHU L ERVVROL SURGRWWL QHO L TXDOL
SRUWDQR OH XOWLPH WUH FLIUH GHOO

DQQR LQROWUH DOFXQL ORWWL GL FDUWXFFH
SURGRWWLD%RORJQDQHOSRUWDQRVXLERVVROLLFRQWUDVVHJQL6%
/HFDUWXFFHSURGRWWHGDOO
LQGXVWULDSULYDWDSRUWDQRLQYHFHOHOHWWHUHLQ
GLFDWULFLGHOODGLWWDFRVWUXWWULFH60,%3'R/%&HOHXOWLPHGXHRWUH
FLIUHGHOO
DQQRGLFRVWUX]LRQH
&RQ OD FDUWXFFLD PRGHOOR FDULFD FRQ VROHQLWH VL RWWLHQH XQD
YHORFLWj DOODERFFDGL PHWUL DO VHFRQGR FRO IXFLOH PRGHOOR H GL
PHWULDOVHFRQGRFROPRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR
1HO IXURQR SURGRWWH GDOOD FDVD DXVWULDFD +LUWHQEHUJHU FDU
WXFFH RUGLQDULH FDOLEUR SHU OH IRU]H DUPDWH LWDOLDQH 4XHVWH FDU
WXFFH KDQQR O
LQFDPLFLDWXUD GHOOD SDOORWWROD GL DFFLDLR SODFFDWR DO
PDLOOHFKRUWHXQDFDULFD GLQLWURFHOOXORVDJUDILWDWDLQFLOLQGUHWWL VLUL

FRQRVFRQR SHU LO IRQGHOOR SLDQR FRQ LPSUHVVL XQD VWHOOD D SXQWH H
O
DQQR
9HUVR LO YHQQH VSHULPHQWDWD XQD FDUWXFFLD FRQ SDOORWWROD RU
GLQDULD DFXPLQDWD GHO WLSR 6 GHVWLQDWD SULQFLSDOPHQWH DOOH PLWUD

JOLDWULFL SHVDQWL PD LPSLHJDELOH DQFKH FRQ OH DUPL PRGHOOR ,O

SURLHWWLOHSHVDYDJUDPPLHVLRWWHQQHXQDYHORFLWjDOODERFFDGL
PHWUL DO VHFRQGR PD OD SDOORWWROD QRQ IX DGRWWDWD SHU OD GHILFLHQ]D
GHOOHDOWUHTXDOLWjEDOLVWLFKH
&DUWXFFLDSHUWLULGLHVDWWH]]DPRGHOORDQDORJDDOODFDU
WXFFLDDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULDGDFXLGLIIHULVFHSHU OH PLQRUL WROOHUDQ]H

GHLFRPSRQHQWLHO
DFFXUDWH]]DGHOO
DOOHVWLPHQWR
&DUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLD PRGHOOR GHOWXWWRVLPLOHDOODPRGHOOR
YHGL VRWWR GD FXL GLIIHULVFH XQLFDPHQWH SHU DYHUH OD IDFFLD
HVWHUQDGHOIRQGHOORSLDQD
&DUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDPRGHOORGHVWLQDWDDHVVHUHLPSLH
JDWDQHLVHUYL]LGLRUGLQHSXEEOLFRHFRVWLWXLWDGDXQERVVRORFRQLQQH
,Q DOWR FDUWXFFLD D PLWUDJOLD PRGHOOR $O FHQWUR OD VXD
SDOORWWRODVH]LRQDWD,QEDVVRFDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDPRGHOORPRGL
ILFDWD

VFR DQDORJRD TXHOOR GHOOD FDUWXFFLD RUGLQDULD PRGHOOR GD FXL
GLIIHULVFHSHULOPLQRUGLDPHWURGHOFROOHWWRGHOERVVRORHSHUQRQDYHUH
LO ULVDOWR DQXODUH DOO
LQWHUQR GHOOD ERFFD GHO ERVVROR VWHVVR GD XQD
SDOORWWROD GHO SHVR WRWDOH GL JUDPPL FRVWLWXLWD GD VHJPHQWL
VHPLFLOLQGULFL GL SLRPER VRYUDSSRVWLGXHDGXH H VRUPRQWDWL GD XQD

SDOORWWROLQD ULFDYDWDGD SDOORWWROH RUGLQDULH GL VFDUWR LO WXWWR LQVHULWR
LQ XQ ERVVROHWWR GL RWWRQH FRQ WUH WDJOL ORQJLWXGLQDOL FKLXVR D XQD
HVWUHPLWj H DSHUWR DOO

DOWUD GD FXL VSRUJH O
RJLYD GHOOD SDOORWWROLQD
8VFHQGR GDOOD FDQQD LO ERVVROHWWR VL VIDVFLD ODVFLDQGR OLEHUL L VHJ
PHQWLHODSDOORWWRODFKHYHQJRQRDFRVWLWXLUHFRVuDOWUHWWDQWLSURLHWWLOL
/D FDUWXFFLD D PLWUDJOLD PRGHOOR HUD RULJLQDULDPHQWH FDULFDWD

FRQJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO1 H VXFFHVVLYDPHQWH FRQ
JUDPPLGLVROHQLWHLQWXEHWWLWHQXWLLQVLWR GDXQELRFFRORGLFR
WRQH LGURILOR 3HU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD OD FURFH ULFDYDWD VXO IRQGHOOR GHL
ERVVROL SHU O
LGHQWLILFD]LRQH GHOOH FDUWXFFH FDULFKH D VROHQLWH YDOH
TXDQWRGHWWRDSURSRVLWRGHOODFDUWXFFLDRUGLQDULD9HUVRO
LQL]LRGHOOD
VHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH ODSDOORWWROD GHOODFDUWXFFLDD PLWUDJOLD PR

GHOORYHQQHPRGLILFDWDVRVWLWXHQGRDOODSDOORWWROLQDFRQLQFDPL
FLDWXUD LQ PDLOOHFKRUW XQD RJLYHWWD GL SLRPER H DXPHQWDQGR OD OXQ
JKH]]DGHOERVVROHWWRGLRWWRQHFKHDOODSXQWDODVFLDVFRSHUWRLOSLRP
ER GHOO
RJLYHWWD ,O SHVR GHOOD SDOORWWROD FRVu PRGLILFDWD q GL JUDPPL
4XHVWDFDUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLDqWXWWRUDLQXVR
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOH+DXQERVVRORFRQLQQHVFRDQD
ORJRDTXHOORGHOODFDUWXFFLDRUGLQDULDPRGHOORGDFXLGLIIHULVFH
SHUFKpLOULVDOWRDOO
LQWHUQRGHOODERFFDGHOERVVRORVWHVVRqSLLQDOWR
GDWDODPLQRUOXQJKH]]DGHOODSDOORWWRODFKHSHVDJUDPPLHGqFRVWL

&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOH'DOO
DOWRFDUWXFFLDFRQSDOORWWRODGLWLSR
RULJLQDULRVH]LRQHGHOODVWHVVDSDOORWWRODSDUWLFRODUHGHOOD FDUWXFFLDWUL
SXQ]RQDWDFRQSDOORWWRODPRGLILFDWDSDUWLFRODUHGHOOD FDUWXFFLDFRQ FRO
OHWWR GHO ERVVROR DJJUDIIDWR QHOO
DSSRVLWD VFDQDODWXUD GHOOD SDOORWWROD
SDUWLFRODUH GHOOD FDUWXFFLD VLPLODUH PD FRO WLSR GL SDOORWWROD DQDORJD D
TXHOODLPSLHJDWDQHOOHFDUWXFFHWULSXQ]RQDWH
WXLWDGDXQERVVROHWWRGLPDLOOHFKRUWFKLXVRDOIRQGHOORHQWURFXLVR
QRLQVHULWLDSDUWLUHGDOEDVVRXQFLOLQGUHWWRGLDOOXPLQLR XQD FHUWD
TXDQWLWjGLSDOOLQLGLSLRPERXQDFRSSHWWDGLDOOXPLQLRHXQ
RJLYHWWD
GL SLRPER VFRSHUWD SHU PP QHOOH FDUWXFFH GL IDEEULFD]LRQH SL
YHFFKLD YLVLELOH VROR DOOD SXQWDGHOODSDOORWWROD LQ TXHOOH GL IDEEULFD

]LRQH VXFFHVVLYD DYHQWL LO ERVVROHWWR GL PDLOOHFKRUW GL PDJJLRU OXQ
JKH]]D,OERVVROHWWRSUHVHQWDWUDLOIRQGHOORHO
RJLYDXQDVFDQDODWX

UD GHVWLQDWDD IDFLOLWDUHOD URWWXUD GHOOD SDOORWWRODH YHUVR LO IRQGHOOR
XQ
DOWUDVFDQDODWXUDSLYLFLQDDOIRQGHOORQHOOHFDUWXFFHWULSXQ]RQDWH
LQFRUULVSRQGHQ]DGHOFROOHWWRGHOERVVRORQHOOHFDUWXFFHGLSLUHFHQWH
SURGX]LRQHFKHJHQHUDOPHQWHKDQQRLOFROOHWWRVWHVVRDJJUDIIDWRQHOOD
VFDQDODWXUDGHOODSDOORWWROD/DFDULFDqGLJGLEDOLVWLWHLQ JUDQL
GHO 1 JUDQL FXELFL SLFFROLVVLPLy JUDQL SHU JUDPPR /D
FDUWXFFLDIUDQJLELOHSRWHYD YHQLUH LPSLHJDWDSHULOWLURILQRDPH

WUL HFFHWWR SHU TXHOOH GL SL YHFFKLD SURGX]LRQH FKH GL VROLWR HUDQR
XVDWHVROWDQWRSHULOWLURILQRDPHWUL/DYHORFLWjLQL]LDOHFROIXFLOH
HUDGLPHWULDOVHFRQGR
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWROD IUDQJLELOHPRGHOOR WLSR0DJLWVWUL)X
VWXGLDWD QHO H LPSLHJDWD SHU LO WLUR DO EHUVDJOLR SULQFLSDOPHQWH
QHLSROLJRQLFKLXVL+DXQDSDOORWWRODGHOSHVRGLJUDPPLFRVWLWXLWD
GD XQ ERVVROHWWR DQWHULRUH RJLYDOH FRQWHQHQWH XQ FLOLQGUHWWR GL DOOX
PLQLR YLVLELOH DWWUDYHUVR LO IRUR GHOO
RJLYD LQYHVWLWR VX XQ ERVVROHWWR
SRVWHULRUHFKLXVRDOIRQGHOORHUDFFKLXGHQWHDVXDYROWDGXHQXFOHLFL
OLQGULFL GL SLRPER H QHOOD SDUWH LQIHULRUH VDEELD FRPSUHVVD , ERV
VROHWWLHUDQRGDSSULPDGLPDLOOHFKRUWSRLYHQQHURVRVWLWXLWLDSDUWLUH
GDOODVHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHGDERVVROHWWLGLDFFLDLRSODFFDWRDO

WRPEDFFR/DFDULFDqGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO1/DFDUWXFFLDFRQL
ERVVROHWWLGLDFFLDLRSODFFDWRDOWRPEDFFRqWXWWRUDLQXVR
&DUWXFFLDSHU WLURULGRWWR SHU DUPLPRGHOOR )X DGRWWDWDQHO
O
RWWREUHGHO(UDLPSLHJDWDSHULOWLURDPHWUL 'RYHYDHVVHUH
ULFDULFDWD GDJOL VWHVVL UHSDUWL GXUDQWH O

HVHFX]LRQH GHO WLUR (UD FR
VWLWXLWDGDXQERVVRORGLRWWRQHVHQ]DIRQGHOORHDYYLWDWRVXXQWXEHWWR
GLDFFLDLRGXURFKHFRQODVXDSDUWHSRVWHULRUHFRVWLWXLVFHLOIRQGHOOR
GHOODFDUWXFFLDHSUHVHQWDODVFDQDODWXUDGLSUHVDGHOO
HVWUDWWRUH,Q
TXHVWRWXEHWWRYHQJRQRLQVHULWLDQWHULRUPHQWHOD SDOORWWROLQDGLSLRP
ERLQGXULWRGHOSHVRGLJUDPPLHSRVWHULRUPHQWHLOFDSSHOOR]]RGL
RWWRQHFRQWHQHQWHODFDSVXOD
LQFXGLQHWWDODFDULFDGLWUXFLROLGLED
OLVWLWHHXQFLOLQGUHWWRGLIHOWURRGLVFKHWWLGLFDUWRQFLQRVXFXLqULSLH
JDWDODERFFDGHOFDSSHOOR]]RVWHVVR
&DUWXFFLDSHUWLURULGRWWRPRGHOOR)XDGRWWDWDLQVRVWLWX]LRQH
GHOODSUHFHGHQWH 1RQq ULFDULFDELOHHG q FRVWLWXLWDGD XQERVVROR VL

PLOHDTXHOORGHOODFDUWXFFLDRUGLQDULDDOODFXLERFFDqXQLWRSHUPH]

]RGLXQDVFDQDODWXUDXQWXEHWWRGLRWWRQHQHOODFXLSDUWHDQWHULRUHq
LQVHULWDODSDOORWWROLQDGLSLRPERLQGXULWRGHOSHVRGLJUDPPL$O
O
LQWHUQRGHO ERVVRORVL WURYD OD FDULFDGLODQFLR JUDPPL GL EDOL
VWLWHLQSLDVWUHOOHJUDILWDWH/DFDUWXFFLDSHU WLUR ULGRWWR PRGHOOR q
WXWWRUDLQXVR TXHOOHGL SURGX]LRQHFRUUHQWH KDQQR XQDDJJUDIIDWXUD

DQXODUHGHOWXEHWWRVXOODSDOORWWROLQD
&DUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOORHFDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOOR

6L GLIIHUHQ]LDQR SHU DYHUH OD SULPD LO IRQGHOOR SLDQR H OD VHFRQGD LO
IRQGHOORFRQO
LQFDYRDFRURQDFLUFRODUHODSDOORWWRODqGLFDUWDFRORUD
,QDOWRFDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOORRPRGHOOR,QEDVVRDGHVWUDSDUWLFRODUH
GHOODFDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOORFRQSDOORWWRODPRGLILFDWD,QEDVVRDVLQLVWUD
IRQGHOORGHOOHFDUWXFFHGDVDOYHPRGHOORHPRGHOOR
WDLQURVVRDUDQFLRQHODFDULFDGLJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHLQWUXFLROL
WUXFLROLGHOORVSHVVRUHGLPPHGHOODODUJKH]]DGL PPy ULFD

YDWLPHGLDQWHWRUQLWXUDGDOODEDOLVWLWHLQVWULVFHqWHQXWDLQVLWRPH
GLDQWHXQELRFFRORGLFRWRQHLGURILOR,OERVVRORGHOOHFDUWXFFHGDVDOYH

PRGHOOR q DQDORJR D TXHOOR GHOOH FDUWXFFH RUGLQDULH PRGHOOR

GD FXL GLIIHULVFH SHUFKp KD OD ERFFD RSSRUWXQDPHQWH PR
GLILFDWDHGqLGHQWLILFDWRGDTXDWWURSLFFROLLQWDJOLDIRUPDGLFURFHQHO
ULVDOWRLQWHUQRGHOIRQGHOOR2OWUHDERVVROLGLQXRYDIDEEULFD]LRQHVRQR
DQFKH VWDWL LPSLHJDWL ERVVROL GL VFDUWR GL ODYRUD]LRQH ERVVROL GL FDU
WXFFHDSDOORWWRODVSDUDWLHULSDUDWLHDQFKHERVVROLSURYHQLHQWLGDOGL
VIDFLPHQWRGLFDUWXFFHDSDOORWWRODSHUTXHVW
XOWLPRPRWLYRVLSRVVRQR
LQFRQWUDUH FDUWXFFH GD VDOYH DYHQWL LO ERVVROR PRGHOOR D IRQGHOOR
SLDQRHODSDOORWWRODGLFDUWDRGLOHJQR1HJOLXOWLPLDQQLGLSURGX]LR
QHODSDOORWWRODGLFDUWDYHQQHLUUREXVWLWDOHSDOORWWROHFRVuPRGLILFDWH
VLSRVVRQRULFRQRVFHUHSHUFKpSUHVHQWDQRXQGLVFKHWWRGLFDUWDLQFRO
ODWRVXOO
RJLYD
&DUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOOR )XVSHULPHQWDWDQHOH
DGRWWDWD QHOO
DQQR VHJXHQWH 'LIIHULVFH GDO SUHFHGHQWH PRGHOOR FRQ
SDOORWWROD GL FDUWD SHUFKp KD OD SDOORWWROD GL OHJQR GL SLRSSR LQWHU
QDPHQWHFDYDFRORUDWDLQDUDQFLRQHHFROFDOLEURFUHVFHQWHYHUVRO
RJL
YD'RSR L SULPLORWWL OH SDOORWWROHSHU IDFLOLWDUH O
LQWURGX]LRQHLQ FD
PHUD GHOOD FDUWXFFLD QRQ IXURQR SL DOOHVWLWH FRO FDOLEUR FUHVFHQWH
YHUVRO
RJLYDHYHQQHURFRORUDWHLQURVVRDUDQFLRQHLQROWUHODGHQRPL

QD]LRQHPRGHOORIXDEEDQGRQDWDHVRVWLWXLWDGDTXHOODPRGHOOR
/DFDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHPRGHOORqWXWWRUDLQXVR
&DUWXFFLD ULGRWWD SHU DUPL PRGHOOR GHQRPLQDWD VXFFHVVLYD
PHQWHFDUWXFFLDULGRWWDSHU6RFLHWjGL7LURD6HJQR1D]LRQDOH+D
XQERVVRORDQDORJRDTXHOORGHOODFDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODIUDQJLELOHXQD
FDULFDGLJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO1HGXQDSDOORWWROD
6H]LRQH GHOOD SDOORWWRODGHOOD FDUWXFFLDULGRWWD SHU 6RFLHWj GL 7LUR D 6H

JQR1D]LRQDOHJLjFDUWXFFLDULGRWWDSHUDUPLPRGHOOR
GHOSHVRGLJUDPPLFRVWLWXLWDGDXQERVVROHWWRGLPDLOOHFKRUW FKLXVR
DOIRQGHOOR 1HOIRQGRGHOODSDOORWWRODqFRPSUHVVD XQDFHUWDTXDQWLWj
GLVDEELDHVRSUDGLHVVDXQQXFOHRGLSLRPERVXOTXDOHSHUULSLHJD
PHQWR GHOOD SDUWH DQWHULRUH GHO ERVVROHWWR VWHVVR q IRUPDWD O
RJLYD
FKH DQWHULRUPHQWH ODVFLD VFRSHUWR LO SLRPER 'RSR OD SULPD JXHUUD
PRQGLDOH SHU IDFLOLWDUQH O
LGHQWLILFD]LRQH OD SDOORWWROD GHOOH FDUWXFFH
ULGRWWHYHQQHFRORUDWDLQYHUGH1HOOH FDUWXFFH GLSURGX]LRQHSL YHF

FKLDQRQYLqODWULSOLFHSXQ]RQDWXUD
&DUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQHPRGHOOR H FDUWXFFLD GD HVHUFLWD
]LRQHPRGHOOR 6LGLIIHUHQ]LDQRSHUFKpOD SULPDKDLOIRQGHOOR
SLDQRH OD VHFRQGD LO IRQGHOOR FRQ O

LQFDYR D FRURQD FLUFRODUH +DQQR
XQDIDOVDSDOORWWRODFRVWLWXLWDGDXQERVVROHWWRG
RWWRQHFKLXVRDGXQD
HVWUHPLWjRJLYDEUXQLWRPHGLDQWHO
D]LRQHGLXQEDJQRGLDFLGRQL

WULFRHVXFFHVVLYRDVFLXJDPHQWRVXODVWUDDUURYHQWDWDHSUHVHQWDQWH
VFDQDODWXUH ORQJLWXGLQDOL H XQ IDOVR LQQHVFR FRVWLWXLWR GD XQ FLOLQ

GUHWWRGLFXRLRIRU]DWRHLQFROODWRQHOSRUWDFDSVXOD
1HOSHURYYLDUHDOODVFDUVDUREXVWH]]DGHOODFDUWXFFLDGDHVHU
FLWD]LRQHQHYHQQHVSHULPHQWDWRXQQXRYRWLSRDGRWWDWRQHOPD
QRQ IX FDPELDWD OD GHQRPLQD]LRQH GHOOD FDUWXFFLD FKH ULPDVH PR
GHOOR
/DQXRYDFDUWXFFLDHUDFRVWLWXLWDGDXQERVVRORFRQLOSRUWDFDSVXOD
IRUDWR GD XQD IDOVD SDOORWWROD VLPLOH D TXHOOD JLj GHVFULWWD H GD

XQ
DQLPDGLOHJQRGLIDJJLRVXFXLVLLQYHVWHODIDOVDSDOORWWRODHODFXL
HVWUHPLWj LQIHULRUHULHPSLH LO SRUWDFDSVXOD /D IDOVD SDOORWWROD q EORF

FDWD PHGLDQWH WULSOLFH SXQ]RQDWXUD (VLVWH DQFKH XQ DOWUR WLSR GL
FDUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQHDYHQWHXQ
DQLPDGLOHJQRGLIDJJLRODFXL
SDUWHDQWHULRUHFRVWLWXLVFHODIDOVDSDOORWWRODHGqFRORUDWDLQQHUR(VL
VWHSRLDQFKHXQDFDUWXFFLDLQHUWHLQDFFLDLRWRUQLWR

&DUWXFFLDSHU SURYDIRU]DWD GLDUPL PRGHOOR 'LIIHULVFHGDOOD
FDUWXFFLDRUGLQDULDXQLFDPHQWHSHUODFDULFDFKHqGLJUDPPLGL
EDOLVWLWHLQ JUDQLGHO 13HU O
LGHQWLILFD]LRQHSUHVHQWD QHOO
LQFDYR D
FRURQDFLUFRODUHGHOIRQGHOORGHOERVVRORXQDVWHOODDFLQTXHSXQWHUL
FDYDWDLQULOLHYRLQDJJLXQWDDLFRQWUDVVHJQLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHGHOERV
)RQGHOORGLFDUWXFFLDSHUSURYDIRU]DWDGLDUPLPRGHOOR
VRORDOFXQLERVVROLSUHVHQWDQRGXHVWHOOHDSXQWH(VLVWHDQFKHXQD
FDUWXFFLD SHU SURYD IRU]DWD GL VEDUUH GL FDQQH SHU DUPL PRGHOOR
DYHQWHXQDFDULFDGLJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO1
&DUWXFFH GLODQFLR,OSULPRWLSR qTXHOOR XVDWR SHUODERPED %H
QDJOLD +D OD VWHVVD FDULFD GL VROHQLWH GHOOD FDUWXFFLD RUGLQDULD H LQ
OXRJRGHOODSDOORWWRODXQRVWRSSDFFLRQRQIRU]DWR,OVHFRQGRWLSRSHU
WURPERQFLQR FDOLEUR PP PRGHOOR DG DQLPD ULJDWD KD LO ERV
VROR FKLXVR PHGLDQWH XQ
DJJUDIIDWXUD DO FROOHWWR LPSHUPHDELOL]]DWD
PHGLDQWHSDUDIILQDDOFXQLGHLSULPLORWWLGLFDUWXFFHSHUWURPERQFLQR
PRGHOORDYHYDQRLOERVVRORQRQDJJUDIIDWRHFKLXVRPHGLDQWHXQGL
VFKHWWR GL FDUWRQFLQR ELDQFR EORFFDWR FRQ ODFFD ,O WHU]R WLSR SHU
WURPERQFLQRFDOLEURPPGHOWLSRDPDVFKLRqVLPLOHDTXHOODSHU

WURPERQFLQR PRGHOOR HG q FKLXVD PHGLDQWH DJJUDIIDWXUD 'LYHUVL
WLSLGLFDUWXFFHVSHFLDOLIXURQRXVDWLSULQFLSDOPHQWHGDOOHPLWUDJOLDWUL
FLGXUDQWHODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHPDYHQQHURLPSLHJDWLDQFKHGDL
IXFLOL(VVLVRQR
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWROD SHUIRUDQWH+DXQDSDOORWWRODDRJLYDDFX
PLQDWDHFRVWLWXLWDGDXQDLQFDPLFLDWXUDGLPDLOOHFKRUWFRQWHQHQWHXQ
QRFFLRORPROWRDSSXQWLWRGLDFFLDLRVSHFLDOHWHPSHUDWRUDVWUHPDWRSR
VWHULRUPHQWHLQPRGRGDSRWHUHVVHUHLQYHVWLWRGHQWURXQERVVROHWWR GL
SLRPER TXHVWR SHUFKp OD SDOORWWROD SRVVD YHQLUH ULJDWD GDOOD FDQQD
GHOO
DUPD/DFDULFDGLJUDPPLGLVROHQLWHVSHFLDOHGDYDFROIX
FLOHPRGHOORXQDYHORFLWjLQL]LDOHGLPHWULDOVHFRQGR&RQ LP
SDWWRSHUSHQGLFRODUH VL KD XQDSHUIRUD]LRQHFRPSOHWDGL XQD ODPLHUD
GLDFFLDLRGDPPDOOHJLWWDWH FRPSUHVH WUD L H L PHWUL DOOH
JLWWDWHLQIHULRULDLPHWULQRQVLKDSHUIRUD]LRQHVHQ]DURWWXUDGHO
QRFFLRORFKHGRSRSHUXQDXOWHULRUHJLWWDWDGLROWUHPHWULSHQHWUD
QHOOHJQRGROFHSHUXQRVSHVVRUHYDULDELOHGDDFP
6HPSUH FRQ LPSDWWR QRUPDOH VL KD XQD SHUIRUD]LRQH FRPSOHWD GL
ODPLHUHGLDFFLDLRDGRSSLRVWUDWRGHOORVSHVVRUHWRWDOHGLPPDOOH

6H]LRQLGLSDOORWWROHGLFDUWXFFHVSHFLDOL'DVLQLVWUDSDOORWWRODSHUIRUDQ
WHSDOORWWRODOXPLQRVDLQFHQGLDULDSDOORWWRODSHUIRUDQWHLQFHQGLDULD
SDOORWWRODGDDJJLXVWDPHQWR
JLWWDWHFRPSUHVHWUDL HLPHWUL ,Q ULSDULPLVWLGLOHJQRH OD
PLHUDFRVWLWXLWLGDXQDWDYRODGLSODWDQRGHOORVSHVVRUHGLPPXQD
ODPLHUDGLDFFLDLRGDPPXQ
DOWUDWDYRODGLSODWDQRGHOORVSHVVRUH
GLPP XQ
DOWUDODPLHUDGLDFFLDLRGDPPHGDWDYROHGLOHJQR
ILQRDGXQRVSHVVRUHWRWDOHGLPP ODSHUIRUD]LRQHDOOD GLVWDQ]D
GLPHWULHFRQLPSDWWRQRUPDOHHUDGLPP
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODOXPLQRVDLQFHQGLDULD+DXQDSDOORWWRODD
RJLYDDUURWRQGDWDFRQWHQHQWHXQDRJLYHWWDGLSLRPERHQHOODSDUWHFL
OLQGULFDXQERVVROHWWRFRQWHQHQWHXQDPLVFHODFKHVLDFFHQGHDOO
DWWR

GHOOR VSDUR H EUXFLD SURGXFHQGR XQD VFLD OXPLQRVD SHU FLUFD
PHWUL GL WUDLHWWRULD 'DWD O

HOHYDWD WHPSHUDWXUD GL FRPEXVWLRQH GHOOD
VRVWDQ]DWUDFFLDQWHROWUHJUDGLFHQWLJUDGLODSDOORWWRODqDQFKH
LQFHQGLDULD 3HU SHUPHWWHUQH O
LGHQWLILFD]LRQH O
RJLYD GHOOD SDOORWWROD
HUDFRORUDWDLQURVVR
&DUWXFFLDSHUIRUDQWHLQFHQGLDULD+D XQD SDOORWWROD D RJLYD DFX
PLQDWDFRVWLWXLWDGDXQDLQFDPLFLDWXUDFRQWHQHQWHLQSXQWDXQQRF
FLROR PROWRDSSXQWLWRGL DFFLDLR VSHFLDOHWHPSHUDWR H QHOOD SDUWH SR
VWHULRUH FLOLQGULFD XQ ERVVROHWWR FRQWHQHQWH XQD PLVFHOD LQFHQGLDULD
FKH VLDFFHQGHDOO
DWWRGHOORVSDUR H EUXFLD DG DOWLVVLPDWHPSHUDWXUD
ROWUHJUDGLFHQWLJUDGLSURGXFHQGRXQDWUDFFLDOXPLQRVD,PSLH
JDQGRTXHVWDFDUWXFFLDVLKDFRQXQVRORFROSRO
DFFHQVLRQHGLLQYR
OXFULOHJJHULULSLHQLGL LGURJHQRFRQ FROSL OD FRPEXVWLRQHGL VHU
EDWRL GL EHQ]LQD FRUD]]DWL QHO OHJQR GRSR FP GL SHQHWUD]LRQH VL
KDQQRVHJQLGLEUXFLDWXUDSHUFP
&DUWXFFLD GD DJJLXVWDPHQWR ,PSLHJDWD SHU O

RVVHUYD]LRQH GHO
SXQWRGLLPSDWWRGHOSURLHWWLOHKDXQDSDOORWWRODFRVWLWXLWDGDXQDLQ
FDPLFLDWXUD FRQ RJLYD WURQFRFRQLFD H SDUWH SRVWHULRUH FLOLQGULFD GL
XQDOXQJKH]]DVWXGLDWDSHUDVVLFXUDUHO
LPSHJQDUVLGHOODSDOODDOO
LQL
]LRGHOODULJDWXUDDOORVFRSRGLHYLWDUHFRQFXVVLRQLFKHSRWUHEEHURSUR
YRFDUHORVFRSSLRSUHPDWXURGHOODSDOORWWRODQHOODFDQQD/DSDOORWWROD
FRQWLHQH XQD VSROHWWLQD D SHUFXVVLRQH XQD FDSVXOLQDHVSORVLYD H IR

VIRURELDQFR$OO
LPSDWWRSURGXFHXQDQXYROHWWDGLIXPR
&DUWXFFLD D SDOORWWROD HVSORVLYDSHUIRUDQWH +D XQD FDULFD GL
VFRSSLR GL WULWROR FRQ XQ IRUWH GHWRQDWRUH DO IXOPLQDWRGL PHUFXULR H
SRVWR DQWHULRUPHQWH DOOD FDULFD XQ QXFOHR DSSXQWLWR GL DFFLDLR VSH
FLDOHWHPSHUDWRODOXQJKH]]DGHOO
RJLYDHGHOODSDUWHFLOLQGULFDGHOO
LQ

FDPLFLDWXUD GL PDLOOHFKRUW VRQR VWXGLDWHLQ PRGR GD DVVLFXUDUH O

LP
SHJQDUVLGHOODSDOORWWRODDOO
LQL]LRGHOOHULJKH$OOHJLWWDWHFRPSUHVHWUDL
HGLPHWULODSDOORWWRODFRQWURXQRVSHVVRUHGLPPGLWD
YROHGLDEHWHGRSRXQDSHQHWUD]LRQHGLPPHVSORGHIRUPDQGRXQD
FDYHUQD SURIRQGD PP FRQ VFKHJJH SHQHWUDQWL DOO

LQWRUQR SHU
PPHFRQSHUIRUD]LRQHWRWDOHGDSDUWHGHOQXFOHR$PHWULVLKDOD
SHUIRUD]LRQHWRWDOHGLXQDFRUD]]DGLDFFLDLRWHPSHUDWRGHOORVSHVVRUH
GLPPDPHWULXQDODPLHUDGLDFFLDLRQRQWHPSHUDWRGDPPH
DPHWULXQDODPLHUDGLDFFLDLR QRQ WHPSHUDWR GD PP VRQR DW

WUDYHUVDWHHODSDOORWWRODVFRSSLDQGRSUDWLFDXQIRURGLPPSHU
QHOOD ODPLHUD H XQD FDYHUQDQHOOD WDYROD GL OHJQRVX FXL OD ODPLHUD q
DSSRJJLDWD
&DUWXFFLDFRQSDOORWWROD HVSORGHQWH D WHPSR'L XVR DVVDL OLPL
WDWR OD SDOORWWROD HVSORGHYD D XQD GLVWDQ]D GL PHWUL GDO
O
DUPD
&DULFDWRUL,OFDULFDWRUHLPSLHJDWRSHU OHDUPLPRGHOORqGHOWLSR
0DQQOLFKHU DSDFFKHWWRVLPPHWULFRGHOOD FDSDFLWj GL VHL FDUWXFFH /H
FDUWXFFHPRGHOORDIRQGHOORSLDQRHUDQRFRQWHQXWHVLDLQFDULFDWRUL
GLRWWRQHFKHLQFDULFDWRULGLDFFLDLROHFDUWXFFHSURGRWWHGRSRLO
H ILQRDOODSULPDJXHUUD PRQGLDOHHUDQR WXWWH FRQWHQXWH LQ FDULFDWRUL

GLRWWRQHGXUDQWHODJXHUUDYHQQHURSHUzFRVWUXLWLDQFKHFDULFDWRULGL
DFFLDLR L FDULFDWRUL FRVWUXLWL WUD OH GXH JXHUUH PRQGLDOL VRQR WXWWL GL
RWWRQHHFFHWWRTXHOOLSHUODFDUWXFFLDSHUWLURULGRWWRPRGHOORFKH
VRQRGLDFFLDLREUXQLWR,FDULFDWRULFRVWUXLWLGXUDQWHODVHFRQGDJXHU
UDPRQGLDOHVRQRTXDVLWXWWLGLDFFLDLRTXHOOLFRVWUXLWLGRSRODJXHUUD
VRQR WXWWL GL RWWRQH FRPSUHVL TXHOOL FRQWHQHQWL FDUWXFFH SHU WLUR UL

GRWWRPRGHOOR
3DFFKHWWL)LQYHUVRO
LQL]LR GHOOD VHFRQGD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH LSDF
FKHWWL GHOOH FDUWXFFH D SDOORWWROD D PLWUDJOLD GD VDOYH H GD HVHU
FLWD]LRQH HUDQR FRVWLWXLWL GD VFDWROH GL FDUWRQFLQR D WUH VFRPSDUWL

PHQWL FRQWHQHQWL FLDVFXQR XQ FDULFDWRUH FRSHUWR GD XQ FRSHUFKLHWWR
GL FDUWRQFLQRFRQ OLQJXHWWDGL WHOD ,SDFFKHWWLVRQRULFRSHUWL GL FDUWD

GL GLYHUVR FRORUH D VHFRQGD GHOOD VSHFLH GL FDUWXFFH FKH FRQWHQJRQR
FDUWDFRORUHDUDQFLRQHSHUOHFDUWXFFHRUGLQDULHDUDQFLRQHQHOFRUSRH
ELJLR D]]XUURJQROR DO FRSHUFKLR SHU OH FDUWXFFH D PLWUDJOLD ELJLR D]
]XUURQHOFRUSRHDUDQFLRQHDOFRSHUFKLRSHUOHFDUWXFFHGDVDOYHURV
VLFFLR SHU OH FDUWXFFHGD HVHUFLWD]LRQH , SDFFKHWWL GHOOH FDUWXFFH SHU
SURYDIRU]DWDGLDUPLHSHUVEDUUHGLFDQQHHUDQRGLFDUWRQFLQRFRQ
WHQHYDQR GLHFL FDUWXFFH HG HUDQR ULFRSHUWL GL FDUWD DUDQFLRQH 2JQL
SDFFKHWWRSRUWDYDO
LQGLFD]LRQHGHLGDWLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHHGHOODVSHFLH
GLFDUWXFFHFRQWHQXWH
/HFDUWXFFHULGRWWHSHUOHVRFLHWjGHO7LURD6HJQR1D]LRQDOHHTXHOOH
IUDQJLELOLHUDQRFRQIH]LRQDWHLQSDFFKLGLFDULFDWRULDYYROWLLQFDUWD
GLFRORUHWXUFKLQRDVVLFXUDWDFRQOHJDWXUHLQFURFHGLVSDJRURVVR/H
FDUWXFFH IUDQJLELOL LPSLHJDELOL VROR SHU LO WLUR ILQR D PHWUL HUDQR
FRQIH]LRQDWHLQSDFFKLDYYROWL LQ FDUWDGL FRORUH JLDOOR 4XHVWHFRQIH

]LRQLVRQRVWDWHVRVWLWXLWHGDVFDWROHGLWUHFDULFDWRUL

&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULDGD
081,=,21$0(172&$/PP
&DUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULD3HVDJUDPPLHVLFRPSRQHGL
XQERVVRORGL RWWRQH FRQLQQHVFRRUGLQDULR GHOSHVR GL JUDPPLGL
XQD FDULFD GL ODQFLR GL JUDPPL GL QLWURFHOOXORVD 1REHO LQ FLOLQ
GUHWWLJUDILWDWLHGLXQDSDOORWWRODGHOSHVRGLJUDPPLFRVWLWXLWDGD
XQDLQFDPLFLDWXUDGLDFFLDLRSODFFDWRDOWRPEDFFRFRQWHQHQWHLQRJL
YD XQ
RJLYHWWD GL DOOXPLQLR H QHOOD SDUWH SRVWHULRUH XQ QXFOHR GL
SLRPERWUDILODWR,SULPLORWWLGLFDUWXFFHFRVWUXLWLQHOHTXHOOLGL
FRVWUX]LRQHDQWHULRUHKDQQRO
LQFDPLFLDWXUDGHOOD SDOORWWROD GLDFFLDLR
SODFFDWRDOPDLOOHFKRUW H LQROWUH VRQROHJJHUPHQWH GLIIHUHQWL QHOOD IRU

PDGHOO
RJLYD/DYHORFLWjLQL]LDOHqGLPHWULDOVHFRQGRFROIXFLOHH
GLPHWULDOVHFRQGRFROPRVFKHWWR
&DUWXFFLDDPLWUDJOLD +DXQDSDOORWWRODFRVWLWXLWDGDHOHPHQWL
VHPLFLOLQGULFLGLSLRPER HGDXQ
RJLYHWWDSXUHGLSLRPERFRQWHQXWLLQ
XQ ERVVROHWWR GL RWWRQH FRQ WUH WDJOL ORQJLWXGLQDOL FKLXVR DG XQD
HVWUHPLWjHDSHUWRDOO
DOWUDFKHODVFLDYHGHUHLOSLRPERGHOO
RJLYHWWD/D
SDOORWWROD SHVD JUDPPL OD FDULFD q GL JUDPPL GL QLWUR
FHOOXORVDSXUDLQWXEHWWL

&DUWXFFLD D SDOORWWROD IUDQJLELOH +D XQD SDOORWWROD GHO SHVR GL
JUDPPLLGHQWLFDHFFHWWRFKHSHULOPDJJLRUFDOLEURDOODFDUWXFFLD
IUDQJLELOHFDOLEUR PRGHOOR /D FDULFDq GL JUDPPL GL EDOL

VWLWHLQJUDQLGHO1
&DUWXFFLD SHU WLUR ULGRWWR FRVWLWXLWD GD XQ ERVVROR VLPLOH D
TXHOOR GHOOD FDUWXFFLD RUGLQDULD DOOD FXL ERFFD q XQLWR SHU PH]]R GL
XQD VFDQDODWXUD DQXODUH XQ WXEHWWR GL RWWRQH QHOOD FXL SDUWH DQWH
ULRUH qLQVHULWDODSDOORWWROLQD GL SLRPER LQGXULWR GHO SHVR GL JUDPPL
/DFDULFDGLODQFLRqGLJUDPPLGLEDOLVWLWHJUDILWDWDLQSLD
VWUHOOLQHHGqWHQXWDLQVLWRGDXQELRFFRORGLFRWRQHLGURILOR
&DUWXFFLD GD VDOYH SHU IXFLOH H PRVFKHWWL +D XQD SDOORWWROD GL
OHJQRDRJLYDDFXPLQDWDFDYDLQWHUQDPHQWHHFRORUDWDLQDUDQFLRQH
/DFDULFDqGLJUDPPL
&DUWXFFLDGDHVHUFLWD]LRQH FRVWLWXLWDGDXQERVVRORFRQ SRUWD
FDSVXOD IRUDWR GD XQD IDOVD SDOORWWROD GL ODPLHULQR GL RWWRQH GHOOR
VSHVVRUHGLPPDYHQWHORVWHVVRSURILORGHOODSDOORWWRODRUGLQDULD
EUXQLWD H SUHVHQWDQWH VFDQDODWXUH ORQJLWXGLQDOL H GD XQ

DQLPD GL
OHJQRGLIDJJLROXQJDTXDQWRWXWWDODFDUWXFFLD
&DUWXFFLD SHU SURYD IRU]DWD 'LIIHULVFH GD TXHOOD RUGLQDULD SHU OD
FDULFDFKHqGLEDOLVWLWHLQJUDQLGHO13HUO
LGHQWLILFD]LRQHSUHVHQWD
QHOO
LQFDYR D FRURQD FLUFRODUH GHO IRQGHOOR GHO ERVVROR XQD VWHOOD D
SXQWHULFDYDWDDULOLHYR
/HFDUWXFFHFDOLEURPPVRQRVWDWHIDEEULFDWHGDL3LURWHFQLFLGL
%RORJQDHGL&DSXDGDOOD6RFLHWj%RPEULQL3DURGL'HOILQR HGDOOD6R
FLHWj0HWDOOXUJLFD,WDOLDQD,FRQWUDVVHJQLGLIDEEULFD]LRQHGHOERVVROR
VRQRLPSUHVVLDULOLHYRQHOO
LQFDYRDFRURQDFLUFRODUHGHOIRQGHOOR

&DULFDWRUL /H DUPLPRGHOORLPSLHJDQRORVWHVVRFDULFDWRUHGL
TXHOOHPRG
3DFFKHWWL6FDWROH GDFDULFDWRULSHUWXWWHOHVSHFLHGLFDUWXFFH

%RPEHDPDQRHGDIXFLOHLWDOLDQHGHOODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOHHVSRVWH
DO0XVHRG
$UWLJOLHULDGL7RULQR
%20%((7520%21&,1,3(5$50,02'(//2
%RPED%HQDJOLD(
GHOWLSRDGDVWDHGqSURYYLVWDGLXQJRYHUQDOH
GL DFFLDLR UDPDWR OXQJR FP GL FDOLEUR OHJJHUPHQWH LQIHULRUH D
TXHOORGHOODFDQQDGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR(
FRVWLWXLWDGDXQLQYROXFUR
GL JKLVDD IUDWWXUD SUHVWDELOLWDGL IRUPDDSHUD VXOIRQGRGHOODSDUWH
SRVWHULRUH GHOO
LQYROXFUR q DYYLWDWR LO JRYHUQDOH OH ERPEH GL SL YHF
FKLD FRVWUX]LRQH DYHYDQR VXO IRQGR GHOOD SDUWH SRVWHULRUH XQ IRUR IL
OHWWDWR FKLXVR FRQ XQ WDSSR D YLWH VX FXL HUD DYYLWDWR LO JRYHUQDOH

6XOOD SDUWH ILOHWWDWD GHO JRYHUQDOH q LQYHVWLWR XQ FHUFLQH GL DSSRJJLR
FRQURVHWWDGLODWWDFKHSRUWDVDOGDWHWUHDOHWWHG
LPSHQQDJJLRSXUHGL
ODWWDWUDWWHQXWRGDXQGDGRDYYLWDWRDOJRYHUQDOH,QWHUQDPHQWHDOO
LQ
YROXFUR DVVLDOPHQWH YL q XQ WXER GL ODWWD FRQWHQHQWH LO SHUFXVVRUH
DXWRPDWLFRFRQODSXQWDHXQDPROODDQWDJRQLVWDDVSLUDOHLOWXER GL
ODWWDYLHQH FKLXVR DQWHULRUPHQWH GD XQ WDSSR D YLWH GL ]LQFR FRQWH
QHQWHODFDSVXODHGLOGHWRQDWRUH6XOIRQGRGHOWXERYLqXQWDSSRGL
SLRPERGLIHOWURQHOOHERPEHGLSLYHFFKLDFRVWUX]LRQH
%RPED%HQDJOLDFRQWDSSRGLIHOWUR

$QWHULRUPHQWHDOO
LQYROXFURYLqSRLXQIRURGXHLQDOFXQHVHULHGL
ERPEHSHULOFDULFDPHQWRFKLXVRGDXQDYLWHGLIHUUR
$OO
DWWR GHOOR VSDUR LO FRUSR GHO SHUFXVVRUH VL LQYHVWH SHU LQHU]LD
VXOODSXQWDFKHVLSRUWDFRVu GDOODSRVL]LRQHGLVLFXUH]]D DTXHOODGL
IXQ]LRQDPHQWR$PRPHQWRLQFXLODERPEDEDWWHFRQO
RJLYDVXOEHU
VDJOLRLOFKHqDVVLFXUDWRGDOOHDOHWWHLOSHUFXVVRUHSHULQHU]LDDYDQ
]DYLQFHQGRODUHVLVWHQ]DGHOODPROODDQWDJRQLVWDHYDDSHUFXRWHUHOD
FDSVXODGHWHUPLQDQGRORVFRSSLRGHOODERPED
,OSHVRGHOODERPEDqGLJUDPPLTXHOORGHOODFDULFDGLVFRSSLR
GLJUDPPLGLVLSHULWHPLVFHODIRUPDWDGDOORGLVFKQHLGHUL
%RPED%HQDJOLDFRQWDSSRGLSLRPER

WHDOO
GLQLWUDWRGLDPPRQLRHDODGLELQLWURQDIWDOLQD
HGDOGLWULWROR/DJLWWDWDPLQLPDqGLPHWULTXHOODPDV
VLPDGLPHWULFROIXFLOHPRGHOORHGLPHWULFROPRVFKHWWRPR
GHOORDUPDLQFOLQDWDD,OUDJJLRGLD]LRQHqGLP/DERPED
%HQDJOLD DGRWWDWD GXUDQWH OD SULPD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH ULPDVH LQ XVR
ILQ YHUVR LO /D FDUWXFFLD GL ODQFLR JLj GHVFULWWD VL LQWURGXFH
YROWDSHUYROWD VHQ]D FDULFDWRUH H LOJRYHUQDOHGHYH HVVHUH LQWURGRWWR
FRPSOHWDPHQWH QHOOD FDQQD 'DWR LO IRUWH ULQFXOR LO FDOFLR GHO PR
VFKHWWRYDDSSRJJLDWRDWHUUD
%RPED%HUWRQH6LODQFLDQRDPH]]RGLXQWURPERQFLQRGHOFDOLEUR
GLPPLQYHVWLWRVXOODYRODWDGHOIXFLOHRGHOPRVFKHWWR76
,, WXER GL ODQFLR q GL GLDPHWUR OHJJHUPHQWH PDJJLRUH GHO FDOLEUR
GHOODERPEDSHUFXLTXHVW
XOWLPDqLQWURGRWWDQHOWXERGLODQFLRVHQ]D
IRU]DPHQWR/DERPEDqFRVWLWXLWDGDXQLQYROXFURGLJKLVDDIUDWWXUD
SUHVWDELOLWD H GL IRUPD FLOLQGURRJLYDOH DWWUDYHUVDWR GDO IRQGHOOR DO

O
RJLYD GD XQR VWHOR GL IHUUR GROFH FKH IRUPD DQFKH LO IRQGHOOR GHOOD
ERPEDWUDWWHQXWRGDXQWDSSRDYLWHDYYLWDWRDOODVXDSDUWHDQWHULR
UH1HOORVWHORqSUDWLFDWRXQIRURDVVLDOHFKHQHOODSDUHWHLQWHUQDSRUWD
VSRUJHQWH OD FDSVXOHWWD GL DFFHQVLRQH GL XQD PLFFLD D OHQWD FRPEX
VWLRQHSURYYLVWDDXQDHVWUHPLWjGL XQD FDSRFFKLDIRVIRURVD HG DOO
DO
WUDHVWUHPLWjGLXQGHWRQDWRUHLQVHULWRLQXQWXEHWWRGLJRPPDLOIRUR
DVVLDOHLQFRUULVSRQGHQ]DGHOIRQGHOOR qD LPEXWRHGL GLDPHWUR PDJ

JLRUHGHOFDOLEURGHOODSDOORWWRODGDSRLqFRQLFRHVLUHVWULQJHDXQ
GLDPHWURPLQRUHYHUVRO
RJLYDLQPRGRFKHODSDOORWWRODYLSHQHWULYLVL
WUDILOL VLQR DG XUWDUH H ROWUHSDVVDUH OD FDSVXOHWWD GL LQQHVFDPHQWR H
LQILQHYLVLLQFDVWUL/
DUPDYLHQHFDULFDWDFRQXQDFDUWXFFLDRUGLQDULD
RFRQXQFDULFDWRUH

%RPED%HUWRQHHUHODWLYRWXERGLODQFLR
$OO
DWWRGHOORVSDURODSDOORWWRODLPERFFDLOIRURDVVLDOHYLVLWUDILOD
DFFHQGHODPLFFLDHV
LQFDVWUDYHUVRO
RJLYDFRPXQLFDQGRDOODERPED
WXWWDODIRU]DYLYDFKHSRVVLHGHVLFFKpODERPEDVSLQWDDQFKHGDXQD
SDU]LDOHD]LRQHGHLJDVFKHHVFRQRGDOODERFFDGHOODFDQQDSDUWHDQL

PDWDGDQRWHYROHYHORFLWj/DJLWWDWDPDVVLPDqGLP FRO IXFLOH H
GLPFROPRVFKHWWR/DERPEDSHVDJUDPPL,OWHPSRGLFRP
EXVWLRQHGHOODPLFFLDqGLyVHFRQGL,OUDJJLRGLD]LRQHGHOODERPED
qGLPHWUL,OWURPERQFLQRSHVDFLUFDNJHGqOXQJRFP
7URPERQFLQRPRGHOORDQQHVVRDOPRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR
76PRGLILFDWRHUHODWLYRPXQL]LRQDPHQWR
4XHVWR WURPERQFLQR GL FDOLEUR GL PP WHUPLQDYD FRQ XQD
FXODWWD QHOOD TXDOH YHQLYD DSSOLFDWR O

RWWXUDWRUH GHO PRVFKHWWR /R
VWHVVR JULOOHWWRGHO PRVFKHWWR PHGLDQWHXQ VLVWHPDGLOHYH VHUYLYDD
IDU VFDWWDUH O
RWWXUDWRUH HG D SURYRFDUH SHU PH]]R GL XQD QRUPDOH
FDUWXFFLDDSDOORWWRODLOODQFLRGLXQDERPEDGHOSHVRGLFLUFDJUDPPL
FKHYHQLYDDSSOLFDWDDOODERFFDGHOWURPERQFLQR
/
DSSOLFD]LRQHGHOWURPERQFLQRQRQ LPSHGLYDFKHLO 76 IRVVH XVDWR
FRPH XQ QRUPDOH PRVFKHWWR ,O WLUR FRQ LO WURPERQFLQR YHQLYD HIIHW
WXDWRGLQRUPDFRQLOFDOFLRGHOPRVFKHWWRDSSRJJLDWRDWHUUDPDSRWH
YD DQFKH HVVHUH HVHJXLWR FRQ LO FDOFLR QRUPDOPHQWH DSSRJJLDWR DOOD
VSDOOD/DJLWWDWDXWLOHHUDGLPHWULFLUFDHGLOUDJJLRGLD]LRQHGHOOD
ERPEDGLPFLUFDDGRJQLPRGRGLVSRVL]LRQLSUHFLVHYLHWDYDQR
7URPERQFLQRPRGHOORDQQHVVRDOPRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR76PRGLIL
FDWR6LQRWLODFXODWWDVLPLOHDTXHOODGHOPRVFKHWWR

%RPEDLQHUWHSHUWURPERQFLQRPRGHOOR
O
XVRGHOWURPERQFLQRFRQWUREHUVDJOLVLWLDGLVWDQ]DLQIHULRUHGLP
GDOOHWUXSSHDPLFKH
,OWURPERQFLQRHUDFRQVLGHUDWRDUPDLQGLYLGXDOHHVHFRQGRLOUHJR
ODPHQWRGHO HUDGDWRLQ GRWD]LRQHD FLQTXH GHL TXDWWRUGLFL XR

PLQLFKHFRPSRQHYDQRODVTXDGUDIXFLOLHUL
,ULVXOWDWLSUDWLFLVRUWLWLGDO WURPERQFLQR QRQ IXURQREULOODQWLWDQWR
FKHQHOO
DUPDYHQQHPHVVDGHILQLWLYDPHQWHIXRULVHUYL]LR
/H ERPEH KDQQR XQ FDOLEUR GL PP H VRQR GL GXH WLSL DWWLYD H
LQHUWH
7URPERQFLQRPRGHOORGHOFDOLEURGLPPHKDO
DQLPDULJDWD
ULJKHGHVWURUVHLOFDOLEURWUDLYXRWLqGLPP (
XQD FRSLDGHO
WURPERQFLQR JHUPDQLFR * *U *HU *HZHKU *UDQDWH *HUlW GD FXL

GLIIHULVFHQHOOHGLPHQVLRQLGHOO
DWWDFFR3RWHYDLPSLHJDUHWXWWHOHERP
EHDQWLSHUVRQDOHHFRQWURFDUULHJOLDUWLIL]LJHUPDQLFLHGqVWDWRXVDWR
SULQFLSDOPHQWH GRSR OD VHFRQGD JXHUUD PRQGLDOH VXO PRVFKHWWR 76
QHL VHUYL]L GL RUGLQHSXEEOLFRSHU LO ODQFLR GHO

DUWLIL]LR VIROODJHQWH 5
/
DUWLIL]LR q SURYYLVWR GL XQD PLFFLD GL ULWDUGR FRQ FDSRFFKLD DFFHVD
QHO ODQFLR FRO WURPERQFLQR GDL JDV SURGRWWL GDOOD GHIODJUD]LRQH GHOOD
FDULFD GHOOD FDUWXFFLD GL ODQFLR H QHO ODQFLR D PDQR GDOOR VWURILQD
PHQWRFRQO
DSSRVLWDFDUWLQDIRVIRURVD/DJLWWDWDPDVVLPDFRQO
DUPD
LQFOLQDWDDqGLPHWUL/D VRVWDQ]D ODFULPRJHQD q LO FOR

URDFHWRIHQRQH
7URPERQFLQRPRGHOOR 6L DSSOLFD DL PRVFKHWWL76 FDOLEUR
GHO WLSR D PDVFKLR LO FRGROR GHOO

DUWLIL]LR V
LQYHVWH FLRq VXO WXER GL
ODQFLR,O WURPERQFLQRq FRVWLWXLWRGD XQ WXER GL ODQFLRDG DQLPDOL

VFLDFRQQHUYDWXUHDQXODULHVWHUQHSHUODWHQXWDGHLJDVHXQDPROODD
ILORGLULWHJQRGHOO
DUWLIL]LR,OFDOLEURHVWHUQRGHOWXERGLODQFLRqGLPP
GHWWRFDOLEURLQWHUQD]LRQDOHSHUFKpDGRWWDWRLQTXDVLWXWWRLOPRQ
GR3RVWHULRUPHQWHDOWXERGLODQFLRYLqXQLQJURVVDPHQWRDQXODUH/D
SDUWHSRVWHULRUHFKHVHUYHDOO
XQLRQHDOODYRODWDGHOO
DUPDqDQDORJDD
TXHOODGHOWURPERQFLQRPRGHOORVWDWRLPSLHJDWRQHLVHUYL]LG
RU
GLQHSXEEOLFR
7URPERQFLQR PRGHOOR 36 'LIIHULVFH GDO SUHFHGHQWH PRGHOOR
FKH VRVWLWXLVFH SHUFKp QRQ KD SRVWHULRUPHQWH DO WXER GL ODQFLR
O
LQJURVVDPHQWR DQXODUH (
LPSLHJDWR GDOOD SXEEOLFD VLFXUH]]D QHL
VHUYL]LG
RUGLQHSXEEOLFR
6LDLOWURPERQFLQRPRGHOORFKHTXHOORPRGHOOR36LPSLHJDQR
JOL VWHVVL DUWLIL]L FLRq SULQFLSDOPHQWH L FDQGHORWWL ODFULPRJHQL VIROOD

JHQWHLQSODVWLFD1//DVRVWDQ]DODFULPRJHQDqLOFORURDFHWRIHQRQH

XQ WLSR GL TXHVWL FDQGHORWWL FRQWLHQH DQFKH XQD FDVWDJQROD , FDQGH
ORWWLVRQRDGDWWDWLDOODQFLRPHGLDQWHWURPERQFLQRDYYLWDQGRLQOXRJR
GHO FRSHUFKLR FKH SURWHJJH O
DQHOOR G
DFFHQVLRQH XQ DSSRVLWR FRGROR
FRQ JRYHUQDOH DG DOHWWH 1HO FRGROR q LQVHULWR XQ WDSSR GL SODVWLFD
FRQWHQHQWHODFDUWXFFLDGLODQFLR
,WURPERQFLQLRUDGHVFULWWLSRVVRQRDQFKHLPSLHJDUHODERPEDLOOX
PLQDQWH PRGHOOR H JOL DUWLIL]L XQLILFDWL PRGHOOR ODFULPRJHQR
QHEELRJHQRIXPRJHQRDIXPDWDURVVDYHUGHRELDQFDDGDWWDWLDOODQ
FLR FRO PRVFKHWWR PHGLDQWH O
DSSOLFD]LRQH GL XQ DSSRVLWR FRGROR FRQ
JRYHUQDOHDGDOHWWH

$ VLQLVWUD TXDWWUR JLEHUQH SHU OD PDULQD$ GHVWUD LQ DOWR JLEHUQD PR
GHOOR $ GHVWUD LQ EDVVR JLEHUQD SHU GXH FDULFDWRUL FRQ FDVVHWWD
LQWHUQDLQIHUUR
%8))(77(5,(3(5$50,02'(//2(
3HUOHDUPLPRGHOOR HPRGHOORq VWDWDLPSLHJDWDXQD JUDQGH
YDULHWj GL EXIIHWWHULH /

HOHQFR FKH VHJXH ULSRUWD VROR TXHOOH GHO
O
HVHUFLWR H DOFXQH GL TXHOOH LPSLHJDWH GDOOD PDULQD H GDO FRUSR GHOOH
JXDUGLHGL36
%XIIHWWHULHIDFHQWLSDUWHGHOO
HTXLSDJJLDPHQWRPRGHOORLPSLHJDWH
SULQFLSDOPHQWHGDOODIDQWHULDHUDQR
JLEHUQDSHUFDULFDWRULLQFXRLRDQQHULWRFDSDFH GL VHLFDULFDWRUL
VFLROWLVLSRUWDYDGDYDQWLDOFRUSRDGHVWUD
JLEHUQDSHU SDFFKHWWL LQ FXRLR DQQHULWRGLYLVD LQ GXH VFRPSDU

WLPHQWLFDSDFLRJQXQRGLXQSDFFKHWWRVLSRUWDYDGDYDQWLDOFRUSRD
VLQLVWUD
FLQJKLHGDFDUWXFFLHUDLQFXRLRVHUYRQRDVRUUHJJHUHOHJLEHUQH
FLQWXULQRPRGHOOR FRQ ERUVD SHUOD VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD LQ FXRLR
YLVLQRWDQRXQDILEELDFRQDUGLJOLRQHHXQERWWRQFLQRSHULPSHGLUHOD
FDGXWDGHOOHJLEHUQHTXDQGRLOFLQWXULQRqVILEELDWR
&RQO
HTXLSDJJLDPHQWRPRGHOORVLSRUWDYDOR]DLQRULJLGR
$ VLQLVWUD ERUVD SHU VFLDERODEDLRQHWWD $ GHVWUD ERUVD SHU VFLDER

ODEDLRQHWWD HYDQJKHWWD
SURYYLVWRGLXQRVFRPSDUWLPHQWRSHUFLQTXHSDFFKHWWL
%XIIHWWHULH IDFHQWL SDUWH GHOO
HTXLSDJJLDPHQWR PRGHOOR
TXHVWRHTXLSDJJLDPHQWRVRVWLWXuTXHOORSUHFHGHQWHPRGHOOR
JLEHUQDPRGHOORSHUSDFFKHWWLHFDULFDWRULLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQ
JULJLRYHUGHFRQGXHVFRPSDUWLPHQWLWDVFKHFDSDFLRJQXQRGLXQ

GLXQSDFFKHWWRHGLXQFDULFDWRUHVFLROWRLOSDFFKHWWRFROFRSHUFKLRLQ
DOWRHODOLQJXHWWDLQDYDQWLHLOFDULFDWRUHFRQOHSDOORWWROHLQEDVVRWUD
LOODWRDQWHULRUHGHOSDFFKHWWRHTXHOORGHOODWDVFDODIDQWHULD QHSRU

WDYDXQSDLRO
DUWLJOLHULDGDPRQWDJQDLVRWWXIILFLDOLLWURPEHWWLHULJOL
]DSSDWRULHLWDPEXULQLXQDVROD
/H JLEHUQH VL SRUWDYDQR GLQDQ]L DO FRUSR LQILODWH QHO FLQWXULQR H
VRUUHWWHGDOOHFLQJKLHGDFDUWXFFLHUD
FLQJKLHGDFDUWXFFLHUDFRQERWWRQHHJDQFLRLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQ
JULJLRYHUGH
FLQWXULQRPRGHOORLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQJULJLRYHUGHVLSRUWD
YDLQWRUQRDOODYLWDFRQODVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD DVLQLVWUDODILEELDGD
YDQWL

/R]DLQRLPSLHJDWRDVVLHPHDOOHEXIIHWWHULHPRGHOORqSURYYLVWR
GLWDVFKHWWHODWHUDOLFDSDFLGLTXDWWURSDFFKHWWL
%XIIHWWHULHGDFDYDOOHULD
JLEHUQHWWHGDFDYDOOHULDSHUFDULFDWRULLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQ JULJLR
YHUGHFDSDFLGLXQRRGXHFDULFDWRUL
EDQGROLHUDGDFDYDOOHULDGLFXRLRFRORUDWRLQJULJLRYHUGHPXQLWD
GLTXDWWURWDVFKHWWHFDSDFLFLDVFXQDGLXQFDULFDWRUHYLVLQRWDLOSDV
VDQWHGLFXRLRHQWURFXLVFRUUHLOFLQWXURQH6LSRUWDYDDWUDFROODGDOOD
VSDOODVLQLVWUDDOILDQFRGHVWURFRQOHWDVFKHWWHVXOSHWWR
FLQWXURQHGDFDYDOOHULDGLFXRLRFRORUDWRLQJULJLRYHUGH VHUYHD
SRUWDUHOHJLEHUQHWWHWUHDGXQFDULFDWRUHHWUHDGXHFDULFDWRULVFRU

UHHQWURLOSDVVDQWHGLFXRLRGHOODEDQGROLHUDHGqSURYYLVWR GL ILEELD
VLSRUWDYDDOODYLWDILEELDLQDYDQWL
,QDOWR EDQGROLHUDFRQDQHOOR SHQWDJRQDOH LQEDVVREDQGROLHUDFRQ JL

EHUQD

EDQGROLHUDLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQJULJLRYHUGHLPSLHJDWDSULQFLSDO
PHQWHGDOO
DUWLJOLHULDqPXQLWDGLTXDWWURWDVFKHWWHFDSDFLFLDVFXQDGL
XQFDULFDWRUHYLVLQRWDQRLQROWUHGXHDQHOOLHXQDOLQJXHWWDVLSRUWD
YDDWUDFROODGDOODVSDOODVLQLVWUDDOILDQFRGHVWURFRQOHWDVFKHWWH VXO
SHWWR VL SRUWDYD VRWWR DOOD FRQWURVSDOOLQD VLQLVWUD H VL DVVLFXUDYD DO
FRUSR PHGLDQWHOD OLQJXHWWD GL FXRLR FKH VL ILVVDYD DO TXDUWRERWWRQH
GHOODJLXEEDRGHOFDSSRWWR$OO
DQHOORSHQWDJRQDOHVLSRWHYDQRDSSHQ
GHUHOD IRQGLQD SHU OD SLVWROD RSSXUH OD JLEHUQD OH VSHFLDOLWj GL DUWL
JOLHULD SRUWDYDQR OD JLEHUQD VHPSUH DSSHVD /D EDQGROLHUD q WXWWRUD
LPSLHJDWD(VLVWHYDDQFKHLQFXRLRODYRUDWRFROFRORUHQDWXUDOH
%XIIHWWHULHSHU&DUDELQLHUL
JLEHUQD GD EULJDGLHUH H GD FDUDELQLHUH GL FXRLR DQQHULWR FRQ LO
IUHJLR GHOO
$UPD GLYLVD LQ TXDWWUR VFRPSDUWLPHQWL XQR SHU XQ SDF
FKHWWR H WUH SHU XQ FDULFDWRUH FLDVFXQR VL SRUWDGLHWUR DO FRUSR VR
VSHVDDOODEDQGROLHUD
EDQGROLHUDGD EULJDGLHUH H GD FDUDELQLHUH GL FXRLR ELDQFR YL VL
QRWDQRXQDILEELDFRQDUGLJOLRQHXQDSODFFDXQSDVVDQWHGLRWWRQHH
XQDOLQJXHWWDVLSRUWDDWUDFROODGDOODVSDOODVLQLVWUDDOILDQFRGHVWUR
JLEHUQHSHUXQSDFFKHWWRLQFXRLRQHURRELDQFRVLSRUWDQRLQIL
ODWH QHO FLQWXURQH FRQ VSDOODFFLR LQ FXRLR QHUR R ELDQFR XVDWH GDOOH
JXDUGLHGL36
JLEHUQDSHU GXHFDULFDWRULFRVWLWXLWDGD XQD FDVVHWWD GL IHUUR UL
FRSHUWDGLFXRLRODYRUDWRDOFRORUQDWXUDOH
FLQWXURQHFRQTXDWWURWDVFKHFDSDFLRJQXQDGLXQSDFFKHWWRHGL
XQ FDULFDWRUH LQ WHOD RORQD ELDQFD HUD LPSLHJDWR GXUDQWH OD SULPD
JXHUUD PRQGLDOH GDOOH WUXSSH DOSLQHTXDQGR LQGRVVDYDQROD WXWD PL

PHWLFDELDQFD

%XIIHWWHULHLPSLHJDWHGDOOD0DULQD
JLEHUQHWWHSHUGXHFDULFDWRULLQFDQDSDELDQFDVRQRVWDWHLPSLH
JDWHGRSRODVHFRQGDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH
JLEHUQHSHUXQSDFFKHWWRHXQFDULFDWRUHLQ WHOD JULJLDVL SRUWD
YDQRGDYDQWLDOFRUSRLQILODWHLQXQFLQWXULQRFRQVSDOODFFLGLFDQDSD
JULJLD(UDQRXVDWHGDOEDWWDJOLRQH6DQ0DUFR
&LQJKLHGDIXFLOHHPRVFKHWWR
FLQJKLDSHUIXFLOHPRGHOORLQFXRLRODYRUDWRFROFRORUHQDWXUD
OHFRQGXHERWWRQL
&LQJKLH SHU PRVFKHWWL PRGHOOR ,Q DOWR TXHOOD GL WLSR SL YHFFKLR
SURYYLVWDGLDUGLJOLRQH

FLQJKLD SHU PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR LQ FXRLR ODYRUDWR FRO FRORUH
QDWXUDOHFRQXQDILEELDHXQERWWRQHYLVRQRGXHWLSLGLILEELHTXHOOD
SL YHFFKLD q SURYYLVWD GL DUGLJOLRQH OD FLQJKLD HUD GL FXRLR ELDQFR
SHULFDUDELQLHULWXWWHOHDUPLPRGHOORLPSLHJDYDQRODFLQJKLD SHU
PRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR
$&&(6625,3(5$50,02'(//2
DPSROOLQDSHUROLRFRQFRSHUFKLRDVSLOORqGLSLRPERDOORVFRSRGL
SXULILFDUHO
ROLRGLROLYDFRQWHQXWR
VFRYROLQRGLFULQL
FDFFLDYLWH
$OFXQLDFFHVVRULSHUDUPLPRGHOOR'DVLQLVWUDVFRYROLQLGLFULQHDP
SROOLQH SHU ROLR FRQ FRSHUFKLR VYLWDELOH D VSLOOR GL WUH GLYHUVL WLSL WX
UDFFLROLGLVLFXUH]]D

EDFFKHWWDGLRWWRQHFRQGHQWLHDQHOOR
WXUDFFLRORGLVLFXUH]]DSHUDUPLPRGHOORqGLOHJQRHDQFKHVH
LQDYYHUWLWDPHQWHODVFLDWRQHOODERFFDGHOO
DUPDVSDUDQGRQRQ YLqDO
FXQSHULFRORQpSHULOWLUDWRUHQpSHUO
DUPD
VDHWWDD VJRUELDSHU DUPLPRGHOOR VHUYH SHU VWXUDUH LO FDQDOH
GHOODEDFFKHWWD

$50,5,'277(7,32
GL$OHVVLR*ULPDOGL
/HDUPLWLSRVRQRGHVWLQDWHDOOHLVWUX]LRQLHGHVHUFLWD]LRQLHVRQR
FRSLHSLRPHQRVHPSOLILFDWHHGLGLPHQVLRQLSLRPHQRULGRWWHGHOOH
DUPLPRGHOOR
&DUDELQD UHJRODPHQWDUH SHU OH VH]LRQL DOOLHYL WLUDWRULGHOOH 6R
FLHWjGL7LURD6HJQR1D]LRQDOH

)XFRVWUXLWDGDOODGLWWD&DVWHOOL &GL%UHVFLDHGqXQDFRSLDGHO
IXFLOHPRGHOORGDFXLGLIIHULVFHSHUOHGLPHQVLRQLULGRWWHSHULOFDOL
EURSHUHVVHUHDFDULFDPHQWRVXFFHVVLYRqSURYYLVWDGL XQIDOVRVHU
EDWRLRSHUUHQGHUODSLVLPLOHDOIXFLOHPRGHOORSHUDYHUHODWDFFD
GL PLUD ILVVD H SHU HVVHUH VSURYYLVWD GHO FRQJHJQR GL VLFXUH]]D WLSR
&DUFDQRPXQLWDGLEDFFKHWWDDYYLWDWDVRWWRDOODFDQQD,OERFFKLQR
qSURYYLVWRGLIHUPRSHUODVFLDERODEDLRQHWWD PRGHOOR /DFDQQDq
DGDQLPDULJDWDHSXzHIIHWWXDUHLOWLURFRQFDUWXFFHWLSR)OREHUWFDO
PPILQRDPHWULSXzSHUzLPSLHJDUHDQFKHOHFDUWXFFHFDOLEUR
6KRUW
&DUDELQDUHJRODPHQWDUHSHUOHVH]LRQLDOOLHYLWLUDWRULGHOOH6RFLHWjGL7LUR
D6HJQR1D]LRQDOH
/
DUPDHUD GHVWLQDWD DG HVVHUH LPSLHJDWDGDL UDJD]]L GDL DL
DQQLSHUWDQWRODOXQJKH]]DGHOFDOFLRqQRUPDOH
0RVFKHWWLUHJRODPHQWDUL%DOLOOD
, PRVFKHWWL LPSLHJDWL GDOOH RUJDQL]]D]LRQL JLRYDQLOL GHOOD 21%
2SHUD1D]LRQDOH%DOLOODVRQRGLYDULWLSLHGHUDQRGHVWLQDWLDGHVVHUH
LPSLHJDWLGDLUDJD]]LGDLDLDQQLSHUWDQWRSUHVHQWDQRLOFDOFLRGL
OXQJKH]]DULGRWWD
,SULPLPRVFKHWWLUHJRODPHQWDUL%DOLOODHUDQRFRSLHIHGHOLGHOPR
VFKHWWRGDFDYDOOHULDPRGHOORFRQEDLRQHWWDULSLHJDELOHFRQGXHUL

0RVFKHWWRUHJRODPHQWDUH%DOLOODFDOLEUR
WHJQL D PROOD &RPH QHO PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR LQ XQ DSSRVLWR DOORJ
JLDPHQWRGHOFDOFLRVRQRFRQWHQXWHGXHPH]]HEDFFKHWWHHGLOFDOFLROR
qPXQLWRGLVSRUWHOOR/
DO]RqJUDGXDWRGD D FRQ OH JUDGXD]LRQL
SDULVXOO
DOHWWDGHVWUDHTXHOOHGLVSDULVXOO
DOHWWDVLQLVWUD
/DFDQQDqDGDQLPDULJDWDGHOFDOLEURPPRSSXUHPPHGq
FRVWLWXLWD GD GXHSDUWL XQLWH DOO

DOWH]]DGHOO
DO]R OD SDUWH SRVWHULRUH q
ILOHWWDWD SHU SHUPHWWHUQH O
DYYLWDPHQWRDOOD FXODWWD PRELOH H SUHVHQWD
LQWHUQDPHQWHODFDPHUDGLFDUWXFFLDHGHVWHUQDPHQWHVIDFFHWWDWXUHVX
FXL VRQRLPSUHVVL LO QXPHUR GL PDWULFROD GHOO

DUPD O
DQQRGL FRVWUX
]LRQH HLO QRPH H OD VHGH GHOOD GLWWD FRVWUXWWULFH /
DQLPDGHOOD SDUWH
DQWHULRUHGHOODFDQQDqVROFDWDGDTXDWWURULJKHYROJHQWLDGHVWUD

1XPHURGLPDWULFRODHQRPHHVHGHGHOODGLWWDFRVWUXWWULFHVRQRDQ
FKHLPSUHVVLVXOILDQFRGHVWURGHOFDOFLR
6XOOD SDUWH DQWHULRUH VXSHULRUH GHOOD FXODWWD PRELOH YL q XQ IUHJLR
FRQLOIDVFLROLWWRULRHOHOHWWHUH1%1HLPRVFKHWWLGLSLYHFFKLDFR
VWUX]LRQHLOERFFKLQRHLO FDOFLROR VRQRGL ODPLHUD DQ]LFKp ULFDYDWL GD
IXVLRQH
/DOXQJKH]]DGHOO
DUPDFRQEDLRQHWWDULSLHJDWDqGLPPLOSH
VRGLNJ
/H DUPL VRSUDGHVFULWWH HUDQR FRVWUXLWH GDOOD )DEEULFD 1D]LRQDOH
G
$UPL GL %UHVFLD /H PXQL]LRQL LPSLHJDWH VRQR WDQWR GHO WLSR FRQ
SDOORWWROLQDGLSLRPERTXDQWRDVDOYHHVRQRGHVFULWWHQHOFDSLWRORGH
GLFDWRDOPXQL]LRQDPHQWR
6XFFHVVLYDPHQWH GRSR O
DEROL]LRQH GHOOH FDUWXFFH FRQ SDOORWWROLQD
GLSLRPERYHQQHURFRVWUXLWLLQOXRJRGLTXHOOLDGDQLPDULJDWDFKHSH
UzULPDVHURLQVHUYL]LRPRVFKHWWLVLPLOLD TXHOOLSUHFHGHQWHPHQWH GH
VFULWWLGDFXLGLIIHULVFRQRXQLFDPHQWHSHUDYHUHODFDQQDDGDQLPDOL
0RVFKHWWRUHJRODPHQWDUH%DOLOODFDOLEURRWWXUDWRUHDSHUWR

3DUWLFRODUHGHOPRVFKHWWRUHJRODPHQWDUH%DOLOODFDOLEUR6LQRWLQR
OHVFULWWH
VFLDGHOFDOLEURGLPPFLUFDHO
DO]RJUDGXDWRGDDFRQOHJUD
GXD]LRQLVXOO
DOHWWDGHVWUDHOH JUDGXD]LRQL VXOO
DOHWWD
VLQLVWUD$QFKHTXHVWLPRVFKHWWLHUDQRFRVWUXLWLGDOOD)DEEULFD1D]LR
QDOHG
$UPLGL%UHVFLD
,QVHJXLWRLOPRVFKHWWRYHQQHVHPSOLILFDWRQHOODFXODWWDPRELOH DV
VHQ]D GHOOD ILOHWWDWXUD SHU O

DYYLWDPHQWR GHOOD FDQQD H QHOOD FDQQD
FRVWLWXLWD RUD GD XQD SDUWH SRVWHULRUH LQYHVWLWD D IRU]DPHQWR QHOOD

FXODWWD PRELOH H SUHVHQWDQWH LQWHUQDPHQWH OD FDPHUD GL FDUWXFFLD
HVWHUQDPHQWH VIDFFHWWDWXUH UHFDQWL O

DQQR GL IDEEULFD]LRQH GHOO
DUPD
HGLOQRPHHODVHGHGHOODGLWWDFRVWUXWWULFHHDQWHULRUPHQWHXQDFRUWD

ILOHWWDWXUDSHUO
DYYLWDPHQWRGHOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHOODFDQQDDGDQL
PD OLVFLD6XOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHVXSHULRUH GHOOD FXODWWD PRELOH LO PR

VFKHWWRSUHVHQWDXQIUHJLRFRQLO IDVFLR OLWWRULR HOH OHWWHUH * , / *LR
YHQW,WDOLDQDGHO/LWWRULRLQL]LDOLGHOO
RUJDQL]]D]LRQHFKH DYHYD VRVWL
WXLWRO
2SHUD1D]LRQDOH%DOLOODQDWXUDOPHQWHDQFKHLYHFFKLPRVFKHWWL
FRQOHLQL]LDOLGHOOD21%ULPDVHURLQVHUYL]LR
,OPRVFKHWWRVHPSOLILFDWRHUDFRVWUXLWRGDOODGLWWD*UD]LDQLGL9HUR
QDHVDOYRFKHSHULSDUWLFRODULJLjGHVFULWWLHODULILQLWXUDPHQRDFFX
UDWDQRQGLIIHULYDGDOSUHFHGHQWHWLSRDVDOYHFRVWUXLWRGDOOD)1$GL
%UHVFLD $OFXQL GHL PRVFKHWWL FRVWUXLWL GDOOD GLWWD *UD]LDQL KDQQR OD
FXODWWD PRELOH H O
RWWXUDWRUH GL EURQ]RDQ]LFKpGL IHUUR ,, QXPHUR GL
PDWULFROD q LPSUHVVRVXOILDQFRGHVWURGHOFDOFLRDVVLHPHDO QRPH HG

DOODVHGHGHOODGLWWDFRVWUXWWULFH
2OWUHDTXHOOLVRSUDGHVFULWWLHVLVWRQRDQFKHPRVFKHWWLFRVWUXLWLSHU
OD *,/ GL WLSR DVVDL VHPSOLILFDWR H VSURYYLVWL GL HVWUDWWRUH XQ WLSR
LPSLHJDODFDUWXFFLDFRQERVVROHWWRGLDFFLDLRIDOVRERVVRORGLRWWRQHH
SDOORWWRODGLOHJQRGHVFULWWDQHOFDSLWROR GHGLFDWRDO PXQL]LRQDPHQWR
O
DOWURKDODFDQQDRVWUXLWDHGLPSLHJDSHUVLPXODUHORVSDURSDVWLJOLH
GLFDUWDFRQWHQHQWLXQDSLOOROLQDGLPLVFHODGHWRQDQWH 3HU RJQLFROSR

XQDSDVWLJOLDGHYHHVVHUHLQWURGRWWDGRSRFKHVLqDSHUWRO
RWWXUDWRUH
QHOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHOODFXODWWDPRELOH
%XIIHWWHULH*LEHUQHLQFXRLRFRORUDWRLQJULJLRYHUGHRSSXUHODYRUDWR
FROFRORUHQDWXUDOHGXHWLSLXQRDGXHWDVFKHDQDORJRVDOYRFKHSHU
OHGLPHQVLRQLULGRWWHDOOHJLEHUQHPRGHOORO
DOWURDGXQDVRODWD
VFD&LQJKLDDGXHERWWRQLLQFXRLR
WR
0RVFKHWWR)DEEULFD1D]LRQDOHG
$UPL%UHVFLD0RGHOOR%UHYHWWD
'L TXHVW
DUPD IXURQR FRVWUXLWL QHO VROR DOFXQL SURWRWLSL FKH

SUREDELOPHQWHYHQQHURSUHVHQWDWLLQFRQFRUVRFRQLO0RVFKHWWR)OR
EHUW %HUHWWD EUHYHWWR D FDULFDPHQWR VXFFHVVLYR ULFDYDWR SHU
WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GDO PRVFKHWWR PRGHOOR SHU WUXSSH VSHFLDOL

9HQQH VFHOWR LO PRVFKHWWR %HUHWWD FKH SRWHYD LPSLHJDUH OD FDUWXFFLD
WLSR)OREHUWFDOLEURPPRSSXUHTXHOODFDOLEUR /RQJ 5LIOH LOPR

VFKHWWR )OREHUW %HUHWWD VDUj SHUz ULFDYDWRSHU WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GDO IX
FLOHPRGHOOR
,OPRVFKHWWR)DEEULFD1D]LRQDOH G
$UPL%UHVFLD0RGHOOR %UHYHWWDWR
qVLPLOHQHOOHGLPHQVLRQLJHQHUDOLDOPRVFKHWWRPRGHOOR76VHQH
GLIIHUHQ]LDSHUzQRWHYROPHQWHLQ TXDQWRODFXODWWD PRELOH HG L FRQJH

JQL GL FKLXVXUD DOLPHQWD]LRQH VFDWWR SHUFXVVLRQH HVWUD]LRQH HG
HVSXOVLRQHVLFXUH]]DHSXQWDPHQWRKDQQROHVWHVVHGLPHQVLRQLGL
0RVFKHWWR)DEEULFD1D]LRQDOHG
$UPL%UHVFLD0RGHOOR%UHYHWWDWRFDO
TXHOOL GHO PRVFKHWWR UHJRODPHQWDUH %DOLOOD FRVWUXLWR GDOOD )1$
VRQRSHUzUHDOL]]DWLFRQDFFLDLGLTXDOLWjPLJOLRUHHDQFKHODILQLWXUDq
PLJOLRUDWD6XOILDQFRVLQLVWURGHOODFXODWWDPRELOHqLQFLVDO
LVFUL]LRQH
)$%%5,&$1$=,21$/('$50, %5(6&,$ 02'(//2%5(9(77$72
/DFDQQDqGHOFDOLEURPPHSUHVHQWDLQWHUQDPHQWHODFDPHUD
GLFDUWXFFLDDYHQWHOHVWHVVHGLPHQVLRQLGLTXHOODGHOPRVFKHWWRUH

3DUWLFRODUHGHOPRVFKHWWR)DEEULFD1D]LRQDOHG
$UPL%UHVFLD0RGHOOR
%UHYHWWDWRFDOLEUR6LQRWLQROHVFULWWH
JRODPHQWDUH%DOLOODQFDOPPHO
DQLPDVROFDWDGDVHLULJKHYRO
JHQWL D GHVWUD HVWHUQDPHQWH OD ILOHWWDWXUD SHU O
DYYLWDPHQWR DOOD FX
ODWWD PRELOH H XQD VIDFFHWWDWXUD FKH UHFD LPSUHVVH OH VHJXHQWL LVFUL
]LRQL;,,)1$%5(6&,$ HLOQXPHURGLPDWULFROD,OGLDPHWUR
HVWHUQRGHOODFDQQDDOODYRODWDqGLTXDVLPPDOTXDQWRVXSHULRUH
TXLQGLDTXHOORGHOODFDQQDGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR/DFDVVDqLQIDJJLR
HQHOFDOFLRFKHqGLOXQJKH]]D QRUPDOH YLq O

DOORJJLDPHQWRSHU GXH
PH]]HEDFFKHWWH,OFRSULFDQQDSXUHLQIDJJLRQRQDUULYDILQRDOERF
FKLQRPDVRSUDYDQ]DGLSRFRODIDVFHWWD,IRUQLPHQWLVRQRLOERFFKL
QR VHQ]DIHUPRSHUEDLRQHWWDODIDVFHWWDFRQ PDJOLHWWD OD SLDVWUHWWD
FRQ PDJOLHWWD LO FDOFLROR FRQ VSRUWHOOR YLWL YDULH HG L WXELFLQL SHU LO
SDVVDJJLRGHOOHYLWL2JQLSDUWHPHWDOOLFDqEUXQLWDDGHFFH]LRQHGHOFL
OLQGUR FRQ PDQXEULR GHOO
RWWXUDWRUH GHO FDQH GHO WXEHWWR PRELOH H
GHOOR]RFFRORGHOO
DO]RFKHVRQRWDUWDUXJDWL6XOILDQFRVLQLVWURGHOFDO

FLR VRQR LPSUHVVL OD LVFUL]LRQH)$%% 1$= '$50, %5(6&,$ H LO Q X

PHURGLPDWULFRODGHOO
DUPD,GDWLWHFQLFLVRQRLVHJXHQWL
FDOLEURPP
OXQJKH]]DWRWDOHPP
OXQJKH]]DGHOODFDQQDPP
SHVRWRWDOHDUPDVFDULFDHVHQ]DFLQJKLDNJ
DO]RDTXDGUDQWHDGDOHWWHGXHHWDFFKHGLJUDGXD]LRQH

JUDGXD]LRQLGHOO
DO]R
WDFFKHGLPLUDXQDVXOULWWRHXQDVXOOR]RFFROR
SRVL]LRQLGHOO
DO]RDO]RHFFDO]RDEEDWWXWRDO]RURYHVFLDWR
PLULQRDVH]LRQHWULDQJRODUHFRVWLWXLWRGDJKLHUDFRQEDVHHFUHVWD
/
DUPDSRWHYD LPSLHJDUH OH FDUWXFFH D SDOORWWROLQD GL SLRPER H GD
VDOYH GHO PRVFKHWWR UHJRODPHQWDUH %DOLOOD FDO PP QRQ VL

FRQRVFRQRDOWULWLSLGLFDUWXFFHLPSLHJDELOL

081,=,21$0(1723(5026&+(77,5(*2/$0(17$5,
%$/,//$
/H FDUWXFFH SL LPSLHJDWH HUDQR XQD FDUWXFFLD GD VDOYH SHU PR
VFKHWWL FDOLEURPP QRQ ULFDULFDELOHDYHQWH XQ ERVVROR GL RWWRQH
FKLXVRPHGLDQWHDJJUDIIDWXUDDOFROOHWWRXQDFDUWXFFLDGDVDOYHULFDUL
FDELOHLPSLHJDELOHVLDQHLPRVFKHWWLFDOLEURPPFKHLQTXHOOLFDOL
EURPPLQDFFLDLRWRUQLWRHLPSLHJDQWHFRPHFDULFDLOFDSSHOOR]]R
GHOOD FDUWXFFLD SHU WLUR ULGRWWR SHU DUPL PRGHOOR XQD FDUWXFFLD
DYHQWHXQERVVRORGLRWWRQHQHOODFXLERFFDHUDLQVHULWDXQDSDOORWWROL
QDGLSLRPERTXHVW
XOWLPDFDUWXFFLDHVLVWHYDVLDSHULPRVFKHWWLFDOL
EURPPFKHSHUTXHOOLFDOLEURPP/HFDUWXFFHSHULPRVFKHWWL
UHJRODPHQWDUL%DOLOODHUDQRWXWWHDSSURVVLPDWLYDPHQWHGHOODPHGH
VLPDOXQJKH]]D,FDULFDWRULHUDQRDQDORJKLDTXHOOLGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR

HFFHWWRFKHSHUOHPLQRULGLPHQVLRQLSRWHYDQRHVVHUHVLDGLRWWR
QHFKHGLDFFLDLR
,PRVFKHWWLGHOWLSRVHPSOLILFDWRVHQ]DHVWUDWWRUHLPSLHJDYDQRXQD
FDUWXFFLDSLFRUWDGLTXHOOHSUHFHGHQWHPHQWHGHVFULWWHHFRVWLWXLWDGD
XQERVVROHWWRGLDFFLDLRDSHUWRDOO
HVWUHPLWjSRVWHULRUHHGDXQERVVROR
GLRWWRQHXQLWRDOODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHOERVVROHWWRGLDFFLDLR PHGLDQWH
XQD DJJUDIIDWXUD DQXODUH LO ERVVROR GL RWWRQH SUHVHQWD XQD IRUPD D
FROOR GL ERWWLJOLD /D FDUWXFFLD YHQLYD FDULFDWD LQVHUHQGR QHOOD ERFFD
GHOERVVRORGLRWWRQHXQDSDOORWWRODFLOLQGURRJLYDOHGLOHJQRHQHOERV
VROHWWRGLDFFLDLRXQDSDVWLJOLDGLFDUWDFRQWHQHQWHXQDSLOOROLQDGLPL
VFHOD IXOPLQDQWH /
HVWUD]LRQH GHO ERVVROR GDOOD FDPHUD DYYHQLYD LQ
TXDQWRFKHODSDUWHDQWHULRUHGHOO
RWWXUDWRUHVLLQYHVWLYDDIRU]DPHQWR
QHOERVVROHWWRGLDFFLDLR

%,%/,2*5$),$
6725,$'(//($50,02'(//2
&KDUOHV % 1RUWRQ H : - 9DOHQWLQH 0XQLWLRQV R I :DU 2IILFH RI

$UP\ 1DY\-RXUQDO1HZ<RUN
-RVHSK ( 6PLWK H : + % 6PLWK 6PDOO $UPV R I WKH :RUOG
6WDFNSROH%RRNV+DUULVEXUJ3HQQV\OYDQLD
3LHUR3LHUL/HIRU]HDUPDWHQHOO
HWjGHOOD GHVWUD $OGR*LXIIUpHGLWR
UH0LODQR
&DUOR0RQW6WRULDGHOO
DUWLJOLHULDLWDOLDQD SDUWH,,,YROXPH9,,5L
YLVWDG
$UWLJOLHULDH*HQLR5RPD
*LXVHSSH9LWDOL)XFLOLGDJXHUUD &DVD(GLWULFH,WDOLDQD5RPD

0LQLVWHUR GHOOD *XHUUD ,VWUX]LRQL SUDWLFKH GHOO

DUWLJOLHULD ,VWUX]LRQL
VXOOHDUPLSRUWDWLOLSHUO
DUWLJOLHULDGDFDPSDJQD DFDYDOORHGDPRQWD
JQD HGLWRUH9RJKHUD(QULFR5RPD
$QWRQLQR &DVFLQR ,, WLUR JOL HVSORVLYL HOH DUPL GHOOD IDQWHULD 7UH
YHV0LODQR
$OIHR&ODYDULQR$UPLHWLUR HGLWRUH&DQGHOHWWL7RULQR

-RQDWKDQ 0DF /HDQ :DIIHQVFKPLHG (XURSDV $UPV LQ $XVWULD

*XQV 5HYLHZ 5DYHQKLOO 3XEOLVKLQJ &R /WG +DUURJDWH
*UDQ%UHWDJQDRWWREUH
5REHUWR%DWWDJOLD/DSULPDJXHUUDG
$IULFD *LXOLR (LQDXGLHGLWRUH
7RULQR
3DROR9DOHUDFDQQRQLGL%DYD%HFFDULV*LRUGDQRHGLWRUH0LODQR

8IILFLR6WRULFRGHOOD50DULQD/
RSHUDGHOOD50DULQDLQ&LQD9DO
OHFFKLHGLWRUH)LUHQ]H
8IILFLR VWRULFR GHO FRPDQGR GHO FRUSR GL 6WDWR 0DJJLRUH PLQLVWHUR
GHOODJXHUUD/
HVHUFLWRLWDOLDQRQHOOD*UDQGH*XHUUD
/H IRU]H EHOOLJHUDQWL YROXPH , QDUUD]LRQH H YROXPH ,ELV DOOHJDWL

5RPD
0LFKHOH $PDWXUR 6FLHQ]H PLOLWDUL 6RF $Q (GLW 9DOHQWLQR %RP

SLDQL &0LODQR
,O&RPEDWWHQWH*LRUQDOHGHL9RORQWDULGHOOD/LEHUWjQXPHUR
RWWREUH ULSRUWDWR LQ/D JXHUULJOLD LQ ,WDOLD )HOWULQHOOL HGLWRUH

0LODQR
0LQLVWHURGHOOD*XHUUD,VSHWWRUDWRGHOO
DUPDGLIDQWHULD'DWL WHFQLFL
VXOOHDUPLGHOODIDQWHULD

0(&&$1,&$(025)2/2*,$'(//($50,02'(//2
/XLJL*XFFL$UPLSRUWDWLOLHGL]LRQH
/XLJL*XFFL$UPLSRUWDWLOLHGL]LRQH
6WDWR0DJJLRUHGHO5HJLR(VHUFLWR$UPL WLURHPDWHULDOLYDULHGL]LRQH

6FXROD $OOLHYL XIILFLDOL*15 )RQWDQHOODWR 'LVSHQVH DUPL H WLUR HGL

]LRQH
081,=,21, %8))(77(5,( ( $&&(6625, 3(5 $50, 02'(//2

0LQLVWHURGHOOD*XHUUD,VWUX]LRQH VXOOHDUPL HVXOWLURSHUODIDQWHULD

YROXPHSULPRSHUODWUXSSD(GL]LRQH
0LQLVWHURGHOOD*XHUUD,VWUX]LRQHVXOOH0XQL]LRQL(GL]LRQH
5HJLR (VHUFLWR ,WDOLDQR &RPDQGR 6XSUHPR 8IILFLR $IIDUL 9DUL
6H]LRQH,VWUX]LRQL,VWUX]LRQH VXOOHERPEHDPDQRHGDIXFLOH5RPD

0LQLVWHUR GHOOD *XHUUD 6WDWR 0DJJLRUH GHO 5HJLR (VHUFLWR 5HJR

ODPHQWRSHUO
DGGHVWUDPHQWRLQGLYLGXDOH5RPD
0LQLVWHURGHOOD*XHUUD &DWDORJR GHL PDWHULDOL GHOJUXSSR & VHUYL]LR

G
DUWLJOLHULD9,,YROXPH9FDWHJRULDWHVWRHWDYROH
0LQLVWHUR GHOOD *XHUUD ,VWUX]LRQH VXOOH 0XQL]LRQL SDUWH , WHVWR H

SDUWH,OWDYROH
0LQLVWHURGHOOD 'LIHVD &LUFRODUH 1 GHO RWWREUH ,VWUX

]LRQHSURYYLVRULDVXOO
DUWLILFLRVIROODJHQWH5DPDQRHSHUWURPERQFLQR

,1',&(
6WRULDGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR
SDJ
$UPDPHQWRLQGLYLGXDOHGXUDQWHODSULPDJXHUUDPRQGLDOH

0HFFDQLFDHPRUIRORJLDGHOOHDUPLPRGHOOR

3HQHWUD]LRQHQHLEHUVDJOLLQDQLPDWLGHOODSDOORWWRODRUGL
QDULDGDVSDUDWDFROIXFLOHPRGHOOR

0XQL]LRQLEXIIHWWHULHHDFFHVVRULSHUDUPLPRGHOOR

$UPLULGRWWHWLSR

%LEOLRJUDILD

)LQLWRGLVWDPSDUH
QHOPHVHGLGLFHPEUH
GD$UWL*UDILFKH$FKLOOHD
0LODQR9LDOH/HJLRQL5RPDQH

Carabine Il Carcano 91

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Carabine Il Carcano 91

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili



Il presente testo, distribuito in formato PDF e

Copyright by Editrice Ravizza s.as. Propriet

VSHVVRDQFRUDDSLHWUDIRFDLDH JHQHUDOPHQWH GL FDOLEUR QRQ LQIHULRUH

DOOD VROX]LRQH GHO SUREOHPDG

PP  SHU

'RSRODEDWWDJOLDGL6DGRZDR.RHQLJJUDHW]LQFXL LO 'UH\VHGLPR

/D WUDVIRUPD]LRQH DG DJR &DUFDQR6L QRWLQHOOD ILJXUD D DFFDQWR DO

VHFHVVLRQH DYHYDQR LPSLHJDWR FDUDELQH D UHWURFDULFD H DGGLULWWXUD D

L EHUVDJOLHUL VL DIIUHWWDURQRD VRVWLWXLUOR FRQ L 5HPLQJWRQ FDWWXUDWL DL

)XFLOHULGRWWR&DUFDQRPRGHOORLQGRWD]LRQHDOOD IDQWHULD GHOOD PL

&RPXQTXH WXWWH OH WUDVIRUPD]LRQL DQFKH OH SL LQJHJQRVH HUDQR

0DXVHULQ*HUPDQLD %HUGDQLQ5XVVLDH%XOJDULD %HDX

0XUDWDLQ*LDSSRQH,OIDWWRFKHLO WHUPLQH FDWHQDFFLR DEELD

TXHOOD FKH VROR JUDPPDWLFDOPHQWH q XQD GHVLQHQ]D SHJJLRUDWLYD KD

LQGRWWR PROWL D XVDUOR FRPH GLVSUHJLDWLYR GL IXFLOH PD O

SDXUDGHOOHQRYLWjDGRWWDQGRLO9HWWHUOLQHO PDVHQ]D VHUEDWRLR

WLQL3HDERG\+HQU\ D EORFFR GLVFHQGHQWH D]LRQDWR GD XQD OHYD H LO

LO 0DXVHU PRGHOOR  6YH]LD1RUYHJLD LO -DUPDQQ  LO

, IXFLOL D VHUEDWRLR WXERODUH KDQQR XQD FDSDFLWj GL PXQL]LRQL DE

SUREOHPDGHOULHPSLPHQWRVLPXOWDQHRGHOVHUEDWRLRDGRWWDQGR XQ WL

SRGLVFDWRODFHQWUDOHILVVD FKHLO PDJJLRUH G

EDOLVWLFDPHQWHPROWR LQIHULRUHD TXHOOD GHO /HEHO O

/DFRQFH]LRQHSUHYDOHQWHHUDRUPDLTXHOOD GHO IXFLOHGL FDOLEURQRQ

VXSHULRUH DJOL RWWR PLOOLPHWUL FRQ VHUEDWRLR FHQWUDOH DOLPHQWD]LRQH

DOLPHQWDWL FRQ FDULFDWRUL H FKLDPDWL 0DQQOLFKHU%HUWKLHU DSHUWD GDO

LO0DUWLQL+HQU\ PRQRFROSRHDEORFFRFDGHQWH SHU XQIXFLOH D ULSHWL

GXHSLDVWULQHGD FLQTXH FROSL O

GLRWWDQWDFROSLD WHVWD DYHYDQRVSDUDWRLQFHVVDQWHPHQWH SHU WUH RUH

GDVHL PLOOLPHWULH PH]]R *OL HVSHULPHQWLGLPRVWUDURQR FKHLOSURLHW

XQ SULPR FRQFRUVR FXL YHQQHUR SUHVHQWDWL TXLQGLFL IXFLOL G

ODFRPPLVVLRQHOLUHVSLQVHWXWWL 4XDWWUR PHVL GRSR DGRWWzGHILQLWLYD

,O JHQHUDOH *XVWDYR 3DUUDYLFLQR SUHVLGHQWH GHOOD FRPPLVVLRQH FKH

GLVFRSSLR HUDIRUWHPHQWHFRQVXPDWD (JOL DGGHELWzOD FDXVDGLTXH

GDOIDWWRFKHDOFXQLJLRUQLSULPDUDSSUHVHQWDQWL GHO7LUR D 6HJQR 1D

DOORUD QRYDQWDVHLHQQH QHOOD VXD DELWD]LRQH JHQRYHVH GL 6DOLWD 6DQ

FKH DOOR VSLULWR G

SHVDUHOHFDULFKHGLHVSORVLYR VLF GHOOHFDUWXFFHLOULIOHWWRUHSDUDER

9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR QDFTXH D 3RUWRFDQQRQH LQ SURYLQFLD GL &DP

WHQHQWH 1HO  TXDQGR HUD FDSLWDQR G

GHOOH PDHVWUDQ]H RFFXSDWH DOO

PRGHOOR DJJLXQJLDPRQRL  'XUDQWH OH SURYH WURSSR VSHVVR L ERV

PHWDOOR OXFLGDWR D VSHFFKLR FKH QH TXLQWXSOLFDYD OD OXPLQRVLWj DS

$ 0XULFFKLR GRSR TXHVWR VXFFHVVR LO FRORQQHOOR *DUDX FDSR GHO

UHSDUWR VSHULPHQWDOH DIILGz VHPSUH VHFRQGR LO )XVFR LO FRPSLWR GL

WDQRSUHVHQWzDOFRORQQHOORLOSURJHWWRGLXQ FDOLEUR D ULJDWXUD SD

FDVVDGHO:HWHUOL VLF )XURQRSURYDWLDOSROLJRQRFRQFDUWXFFH DSSR

VXSHUIOXR QRWDUH TXDQWR TXHVWD VWRULD VLD IDQWDVLRVD $ SDUWH LO

PRGHOOR R SHUOD SLVWROD 6WH\U PRGHOOR  RFRPHTXHOOH LWD

H VFLDEROH SRVVRQRDUUXJJLQLUH $GRJQLPRGR )XVFR VFULVVH FKH 0X

DUWLFROLGL )XVFR KDQQR DYXWRXQD GLIIXVLRQH GL DOPHQR GXHFHQWRFLQ

IXRU GL GXEELR FKH LO PHULWR GHOO

JOL HVSHULPHQWL IXURQR VIDYRUHYROL H YHQQH FRQIHUPDWD O

&RQWLQXDYDQR QHO IUDWWHPSR D JLXQJHUH PRGHOOL GL LQYHQWRUL VWUD

QLHUL H LWDOLDQL DOWUL TXDUDQWDFLQTXH IXURQR VFDUWDWL H VL WHQQHUR LQ

UHVLVWHYD9LHQH SHUz GD FKLHGHUVLSHUFKp QHO  PROWL 9HWWHUOL IX

,OWHUPLQHXWLOH SHUODSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHLPRGHOOL IXILVVDWRDOGL

FHPEUH  &RQFRUVHUR ROWUH DO FDSLWDQR %HUWROGR DO PDJJLRUH

$OOD ILQHIXURQRVFHOWLLOPRGHOOR SUHVHQWDWRGDOODIDEEULFDGDUPLGL

7RULQR H VROR SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD LO VLVWHPD G

0DQQOLFKHU WHGHVFR PRGHOOR  PHJOLR QRWR FRPH 0DXVHU .RPPLV

SULQFLSDOH GL TXHVW

VIRUPDUH D UHWURFDULFD H DG DFFHQVLRQH DG DJR L YHFFKL IXFLOL D EDF

PP SHU

'RSRODEDWWDJOLDGL6DGRZDR.RHQLJJUDHW]LQFXL LO 'UH\VHGLPR

/D WUDVIRUPD]LRQH DG DJR &DUFDQR6L QRWLQHOOD ILJXUD D DFFDQWR DO

)XFLOHULGRWWR&DUFDQRPRGHOORLQGRWD]LRQHDOOD IDQWHULD GHOOD PL

&RPXQTXH WXWWH OH WUDVIRUPD]LRQL DQFKH OH SL LQJHJQRVH HUDQR

0DXVHULQ*HUPDQLD %HUGDQLQ5XVVLDH%XOJDULD %HDX

0XUDWDLQ*LDSSRQH,OIDWWRFKHLO WHUPLQH FDWHQDFFLR DEELD

LQGRWWR PROWL D XVDUOR FRPH GLVSUHJLDWLYR GL IXFLOH PD O

SDXUDGHOOHQRYLWjDGRWWDQGRLO9HWWHUOLQHO PDVHQ]D VHUEDWRLR

WLQL3HDERG\+HQU\ D EORFFR GLVFHQGHQWH D]LRQDWR GD XQD OHYD H LO

LO 0DXVHU PRGHOOR 6YH]LD1RUYHJLD LO -DUPDQQ LO

, IXFLOL D VHUEDWRLR WXERODUH KDQQR XQD FDSDFLWj GL PXQL]LRQL DE

SUREOHPDGHOULHPSLPHQWRVLPXOWDQHRGHOVHUEDWRLRDGRWWDQGR XQ WL

EDOLVWLFDPHQWHPROWR LQIHULRUHD TXHOOD GHO /HEHO O

VXSHULRUH DJOL RWWR PLOOLPHWUL FRQ VHUEDWRLR FHQWUDOH DOLPHQWD]LRQH

DOLPHQWDWL FRQ FDULFDWRUL H FKLDPDWL 0DQQOLFKHU%HUWKLHU DSHUWD GDO

LO0DUWLQL+HQU\ PRQRFROSRHDEORFFRFDGHQWH SHU XQIXFLOH D ULSHWL

GLRWWDQWDFROSLD WHVWD DYHYDQRVSDUDWRLQFHVVDQWHPHQWH SHU WUH RUH

GDVHL PLOOLPHWULH PH]]R *OL HVSHULPHQWLGLPRVWUDURQR FKHLOSURLHW

ODFRPPLVVLRQHOLUHVSLQVHWXWWL 4XDWWUR PHVL GRSR DGRWWzGHILQLWLYD

,O JHQHUDOH *XVWDYR 3DUUDYLFLQR SUHVLGHQWH GHOOD FRPPLVVLRQH FKH

GLVFRSSLR HUDIRUWHPHQWHFRQVXPDWD (JOL DGGHELWzOD FDXVDGLTXH

GDOIDWWRFKHDOFXQLJLRUQLSULPDUDSSUHVHQWDQWL GHO7LUR D 6HJQR 1D

DOORUD QRYDQWDVHLHQQH QHOOD VXD DELWD]LRQH JHQRYHVH GL 6DOLWD 6DQ

SHVDUHOHFDULFKHGLHVSORVLYRVLFGHOOHFDUWXFFHLOULIOHWWRUHSDUDER

9LQFHQ]R 0XULFFKLR QDFTXH D 3RUWRFDQQRQH LQ SURYLQFLD GL &DP

WHQHQWH 1HO TXDQGR HUD FDSLWDQR G

PRGHOOR DJJLXQJLDPRQRL 'XUDQWH OH SURYH WURSSR VSHVVR L ERV

PHWDOOR OXFLGDWR D VSHFFKLR FKH QH TXLQWXSOLFDYD OD OXPLQRVLWj DS

$ 0XULFFKLR GRSR TXHVWR VXFFHVVR LO FRORQQHOOR *DUDX FDSR GHO

UHSDUWR VSHULPHQWDOH DIILGz VHPSUH VHFRQGR LO )XVFR LO FRPSLWR GL

WDQRSUHVHQWzDOFRORQQHOORLOSURJHWWRGLXQ FDOLEUR D ULJDWXUD SD

FDVVDGHO:HWHUOLVLF)XURQRSURYDWLDOSROLJRQRFRQFDUWXFFH DSSR

VXSHUIOXR QRWDUH TXDQWR TXHVWD VWRULD VLD IDQWDVLRVD $ SDUWH LO

PRGHOOR R SHUOD SLVWROD 6WH\U PRGHOOR RFRPHTXHOOH LWD

H VFLDEROH SRVVRQRDUUXJJLQLUH $GRJQLPRGR )XVFR VFULVVH FKH 0X

DUWLFROLGL )XVFR KDQQR DYXWRXQD GLIIXVLRQH GL DOPHQR GXHFHQWRFLQ

&RQWLQXDYDQR QHO IUDWWHPSR D JLXQJHUH PRGHOOL GL LQYHQWRUL VWUD

QLHUL H LWDOLDQL DOWUL TXDUDQWDFLQTXH IXURQR VFDUWDWL H VL WHQQHUR LQ

UHVLVWHYD9LHQH SHUz GD FKLHGHUVLSHUFKp QHO PROWL 9HWWHUOL IX

,OWHUPLQHXWLOH SHUODSUHVHQWD]LRQHGHLPRGHOOL IXILVVDWRDOGL

FHPEUH &RQFRUVHUR ROWUH DO FDSLWDQR %HUWROGR DO PDJJLRUH

7RULQR H VROR SHU TXDQWR ULJXDUGD LO VLVWHPD G

0DQQOLFKHU WHGHVFR PRGHOOR PHJOLR QRWR FRPH 0DXVHU .RPPLV

VIRUPDUH D UHWURFDULFD H DG DFFHQVLRQH DG DJR L YHFFKL IXFLOL D EDF

FRPPHUFLDOHGL XQ %URZQLQJ3HU WXWWD OD YLWDIX XQ DUWLJLDQR &RPH

OXLGHGLFDWDDOODYRURHDOODIDPLJOLD&DUDWWHUH ERQDULRH JLRYLDOH JR

SDGUH HGRYHWWH DEEDQGRQDUHJOL VWXGLSHUDQGDUHD ODYRUDUH /

YHUR HSLVRGLR OXPLQRVR GHOOD VXD YLWD D SDUWH O

3DUUDYLFLQL0DXVHU IX OD VXD SDUWHFLSD]LRQH DOOH &LQTXH *LRUQDWH

DXVWULDFL GDOOH EDUULFDWH GHO 9HU]LHUH &KLVVj FRVD DYUHEEHUR IDWWR GL

'RSRODVFRQILWWD &DUFDQRFRPHPROWL ORPEDUGL FRPSURPHVVL FRQ

,O 1RYDQWXQR QHOOH FDUWROLQH1HOOD SDJLQD SUHFHGHQWH LQ DOWR D VLQL

UHDOL]]D]LRQLGHO YDOHQWH DUWLJLDQR VL PDQLIHVWDURQR LQ RSSRUWXQH PR

UHWWRUH GHOOD IDEEULFD GDUPL ,Q TXHOO

EUHYHWWzXQ QXRYRDO]R SHUIXFLOLHFDUDELQH /H VXH SURSRVWH H

FHQWUDOH D VHL FROSL 5LPDQHYD DSHUWR LO SUREOHPD GHOO

VROR VLPXOWDQHD FLRq FRQ FDULFDWRUH D SDFFKHWWR RSSXUH DQFKH VXF

GLIIXVLRQH GHOOH DUPL DXWRPDWLFKH DYUHEEH QHJOL DQQL VHJXHQWL VSR

GHOODULSHWL]LRQHTXHVWRXQ FRQJHJQRDGRWWDWRQHL IXFLOLSHU OR SL

WKH :RUOG OR GHILQLVFHXQR GHLSL JUDQGL LQYHQWRUL G

SRVWL QHO FDOFLR GL XQ IXFLOH D RWWXUDWRUH JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH H FRQWH

GDTXHOOR JLUHYROHVFRUUHYROH SHUFKpSXzHVVHUHDSHUWRH ULFKLXVR FRQ

1HO FRPSDUYH LO SULPR 0DQQOLFKHU6FKRHQDXHU FRQ XQ VHU

SURGRWWH GDOOD 6WH\U'DLPOHU3XFK

DUPLVSRUWLYH IUDOHSLSUHJLDWH LOIUXWWRGHJOLVIRU]L FRPELQDWL GHO

GLUHWWRUH GHOOD 6WH\U 2WWR 6FK|QDXHU 'HO 0DQQOLFKHU PRGHOOR

WHFQLFR PLOLWDUH LPSHULDOUHJLR H FROODERUz VWUHWWDPHQWH FRQ OD 6WH\U

DXWRPDWLFD 0DQQOLFKHU XQD SLVWROD D FDQH HVWHUQR PHWDVWDELOH R

VHUEDWRLRHGHOFDULFDWRUHFKH SRUWz D GXHQXRYL PRGHOOL LO IXFLOH QX

FDQQDOXQJDFHQWLPHWULFLQTXHLQPHQRGLTXHOODSRLDGRWWDWDXQ

UDWRUH FKH GLIIHULVFH GDO 1 SHU O

FDOLEUR3HVRNJSRWUHEEHHVVHUH TXHOOR SURGRWWRGDOOH IDE

LO VXR FRQFRUUHQWHSL IRUWXQDWR )XFLOHLWDOLDQRWLSR 1ELV D FDUL

FDPHQWR PXOWLSOR VLVWHPD 0DQQOLFKHU &LOLQGUR GL FKLXVXUD VFRU

UHYROHJLUHYROH FRQ DSSRJJLR DQWHULRUH &RQJHJQR GL VLFXUH]]D D QD

VLVWHPD 0DQQOLFKHU &LOLQGUR GL FKLXVXUD VFRUUHYROHJLUHYROH FRQ DS

0RGHOOLVSHULPHQWDOLGL,QDOWR PRGHOOR FROPLULQRDFURFH,QEDVVR

PLQDQGROR PRGHOOR /D GHFLVLRQH IX VDQFLWD GDO PLQLVWHUR GHOOD

HVSRUWDUOH FODQGHVWLQDPHQWH 6L YHQQHSRL D VDSHUH FKH OH FDVVH QRQ