Guida New GearUP

Vincenza Bianco
Anna Gentile
NEW GEAR UP
English for mechanics,
echanics,
mechatronics and energy
teacher’s
book
Realizzazione editoriale:
Publi&Stampa, Conselice (RA)
Progettazione editoriale, coordinamento,

redazione e ricerca iconografica:
Massimo Manzoni
Progetto grafico e impaginazione:

Publi&Stampa, Conselice (RA)
Estensioni on line:
Massimo Manzoni
Revisione testi:
Jack&Amanda Fleming
Incisione lastre mediante CTP:

Litohelio, Torino
Stampa:
Edizioni Il Capitello, Torino
PROPRIETÀ LETTERARIA RISERVATA
L’Editore, nell’ambito delle leggi

internazionali sul copyright,
è a disposizione degli aventi diritto
non potuti rintracciare.
I diritti di traduzione, di riproduzione

e di adattamento, totale o parziale, con
qualsiasi mezzo, compresi microfilm e copie
fotostatiche, sono riservati per tutti i paesi. © David Bell Publishing - London
© Edizioni il Capitello
1a edizione: marzo 2015 Via Sansovino, 243/22/R
10151 Torino
Ristampa: tel. 011-4513611 - fax 011-4513612
5 4 3 2 1 info@capitello.it
2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 www.capitello.it
teacher’s book
TEACHER’S BOOOK
Struttura del corso
Il testo è finalizzato all’apprendimento della micro lingua inglese in stretta relazione
con le materie tecniche che fanno parte del curriculum scolastico. Esso ha quindi come
obiettivo primario l’acquisizione dei termini d’uso corrente inseriti in contesti linguistici
mirati. L’intero testo segue il CLIL che prevede l’insegnamento delle materie specifiche
in lingua inglese.
Lo studente viene introdotto agli argomenti da trattare progressivamente tramite letture
brevi e semplici in modo da assimilare il vocabolario generale specifico e da apprendere
e consolidare le basi grammaticali. Ogni lettura è seguita da esercizi di comprensione
del testo e di ampliamento del vocabolario. Sono compresi anche numerosi esercizi di
grammatica le cui spiegazioni sono fornite in fondo al libro nella sezione grammaticale
di riferimento, in lingua italiana. Gli esercizi sono strutturati e a risposta aperta. In par-
ticolare si è cercato di abituare lo studente all’analisi del testo attraverso la suddivisione
in paragrafi, al fine di svilupparne la capacità di effettuare bevi riassunti.
Il testo comprende inoltre:
• Test activities e General Test. Si tratta di attività legate agli argomenti tecnici trattati
con scopo pratico-educativo mirante al rafforzamento delle competenze linguistiche.
Tali attività rappresentano un diversivo e propongono, attraverso argomenti di inte-
resse personale degli studenti, una riflessione sulla realtà che li circonda. Le attività
prevedono risposte a scelta multipla con punteggio finale.
• Just for fun. Questo settore propone l’apprendimento del linguaggio tecnico attraver-
so cruciverba, acronimi, giochi di parole, step-by-step etc.
• Communication skills. Con questa attività viene proposto l’apprendimento della lin-
gua parlata e scritta attraverso telefonate, e-mail, conversazioni, interviste.
Programmazione didattica
L’introduzione, ricca di esercizi, consente all’insegnate di verificare i livelli di partenza
sia lessicali che grammaticali. La suddivisione modulare prevede che il primo e secondo
modulo siano svolti all’inizio con la possibilità da parte del docente di scegliere le letture
in base al proprio lavoro interdisciplinare con le materie di indirizzo.
La varietà degli argomenti proposti consente all’insegnante che non voglia impegnarsi
in un lavoro esclusivamente tecnico, di scegliere tra letture di attualità, civiltà e cultura
generale. Tutti gli argomenti trattati provengono da testi tecnico-scientifici, siti internet,
riviste specialistiche inglesi e americane.
Contenuto cd
Il CD comprende alcune letture del testo e brani da completare. Le letture riguardano
gli argomenti fondamentali del corso di studio e i brani da completare sono costituiti da
dialoghi e conversazioni telefoniche.
Siti web
Numerosi sono i riferimenti ai siti web sia per l’approfondimento che per lavori da svol-
gere in classe tramite il collegamento Internet.
I link sono riportati nelle pagine seguenti (per scaricarli automaticamente vedere l’ultima
di copertina). Nella versione e-book i link sono già inseriti nel testo e immediatamente
scaricabili.
Guida per l’insegnante
• Il Teacher’s Bok comprende:
• test per le verifiche formative e sommative
• soluzioni dei test di verifica
• esempi di terza prova per gli Esami di Stato
• chiavi degli esercizi del libro di testo
3
teacher’s book
DEEPENING
Thomas Edison Biography http://inventors.about.com/od/estartinventors/a/Edison_Bio.htm
http://edison.rutgers.edu/biogrphy.htm 39
Michael Faraday Biography http://www.phy.pmf.unizg.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xfaraday.html 56
Industrial Revolution http://www.history.com/topics/inustrial-revolution# 68
The Luddite Movement http://ludditelink.org.uk/history.php 69
Enrico Fermi Biography http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1938/fermi-bio.html 118
Ettore Majorana Biography http://theor.jinr.ru/~kuzemsky/emabio.html 119
Isaac Newton Biography http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/413189/Sir-Isaac-Newton 130
Georg Simon Ohm Biography http://www.th-nuernberg.de/en/seitenbaum/university/beruehmter-namensgeber/
biography-of-georg-simon-ohm/page.html 134
Alessandro Volta Biography http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/scientists/volta.html 144
Luigi Galvani Biography http://www.famousscientists.org/luigi-galvani/ 145
Albert Einstein Biography http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html 153
Max Planck Biography http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1918/planck-bio.html 155
Leonardo da Vinci Biography http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VvNOt1DQ_M&feature=youtube_gdata_player 167
Stonehenge story http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/364191-origin-of-stonehenge-stones-discovered/ 168
Archimede Biography http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Archimedes.html 218
Kyoto Protocol http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php 244
Lardarello http://www.ilpalio.org/brief_larderello.htm 288
Frederick W. Taylor Biography http://www.biography.com/people/frederick-w-taylor-9503065 289
Health and safety legislation http://www.atl.org.uk//health-and-safety/legal-framework/health-safety-legislation.asp 295
626 decreto legislativo legge italiana http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto.legislativo:1994;626 297
The Third Industrial Revolution http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jeremy-rifkin/the-third-industrial-revo_1_b_1386430.
html 301
CECIMO http://www.cecimo.eu/site/ 308
Italian Machine http://www.etmm-online.com/index.cfm?pid=10907&pk=370739&p=1 310
Stephen Hawking Biography http://www.hawking.org.uk/about-stephen.html 321
Drones http://www.hawking.org.uk/about-stephen.html 340
Radio frequency identification (con traduzione in italiano) http://context.reverso.net/traduzione/inglese-italiano/
radio+frequency+identification+rfid+tag 350
Charles Dickens Biography http://www.biography.com/people/charles-dickens-9274087 358
Victorian Technology http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_technology_01.shtml 363
Women’s Work http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/womens_work_01.shtml 365
Victorian Art http://www.avictorian.com/victorianart.html 367
Marcus Stone Biography http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=marcus-stone 368
George Frederich Watts Biography http://www.georgefredericwatts.org/biography.html 368
Edmund Blair Leighton Biography http://hoocher.com/Edmund_Blair_Leighton/Edmund_Blair_Leighton.htm 369
Sir Frank Dicksee Biography http://www.artmagick.com/pictures/artist.aspx?artist=frank-dicksee 369
Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema Biography http://www.alma-tadema.org/biography.html 370
John Maller Collier Biography http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/painting/collier/index.html 370
William Holman Hunt Biography http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/276977/William-Holman-Hunt 370
Jack the Ripper Biography http://www.biography.com/people/jack-the-ripper-9351486 379
Oscar Wilde Biography http://www.biography.com/people/oscar-wilde-9531078 383
The American Civil War http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/american-civil-war-brief-summary 388
Ku Klux Klan http://www.schreiben10.com/referate/Englisch/4/The-History-of-the-Ku-Klux-Klan-reon.php 389
Harriet Beecher Stowe - Uncle Tom’s Cabin http://www.ushistory.org/us/28d.asp 392
Edgar Anna Poe Biography http://www.biography.com/people/edgar-allan-poe-9443160 397
Edgar Lee Masters Biography http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poet/edgar-lee-masters 401
Spoon Rivere Anthology http://www2.hn.psu.edu/faculty/jmanis/masters/sranthol.pdf 403
Walter Simmon Biography 399 http://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Simmons-2308#Biography 403
Samuel Beckett Biography http://www.biography.com/people/samuel-beckett-9204239 413
4
M odule 1 • Electricity
VIDEO
Social Networking http://www.commoncraft.com/video/social-networking 18
Simulation of Mechatronic Systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbGTwvyT_Co&feature=youtube_gdata_player 22
What is Lightning? http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/cheat-sheet/videos/what-is-lightning.htm 29
Electrical Transmission Systems Technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icNh4mPU7uA&feature=youtube_
gdata_player 37
Electronic wheelchairs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTVw7475meQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player 42
Oersted’s Experiment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nntO8wkbz4&feature=youtube_gdata_player 51
Michael Faraday http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Sph12OZLB0&feature=youtube_gdata_player 56
Electric Generation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg&feature=youtube_gdata_player 62
Industrial Revolution http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution# 68
Great British Steam Engines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ybnqB7dpGQ&feature=youtube_gdata_player 71
Hydroelectric Power Station http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-hooifWJ1jY&feature=youtube_gdata_player 76
Marine Current Turbines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mv4We2ehu7I&feature=youtube_gdata_player 77
UK biogas http://www.biogaschannel.com/it-it/dettaglio/watch.aspx?id=e_zab5h1ho&am 85
Biofuel http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/10/biofuels/biofuels-text 87
How petroleum exploration and refining process http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W8SW98-sXQ&feature=youtube_
gdata_player 96
Geothermal Energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs6n0baLQ6w&feature=youtube_gdata_player 101
Introduction to Solar Photovoltaics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mCTSV2f36A&feature=youtube_gdata 108
Mechanical Engineer’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZ8ESkIW2hA&feature=youtube_gdata_player 166
Metal powder and powder metallurgy technology http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7U4HWjYcqo&feature=
youtube_gdata_ 179
Cooling System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7inC4lOpGs&feature=youtube_gdata_player 229
Engine Lubrication System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmmcj53TNic&feature=youtube_gdata_player 232
Catalytic converter http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gvWdm-OXCY&feature=youtube_gdata_ 243
Fuel Cells http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esuAlB4NVi0&feature=youtube_gdata_player 260
Police Radar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2dgDedg9BE&feature=youtube_gdata_player 275
Natural ventilation movie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLwCqZmQpOg&feature=youtube_gdata_player 280
Comau Robots http://m.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXuOCltT3yylz3D1qJ9NtWSk0WproY9ji 282
Modern times http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjarLbD9r30&feature=youtube_gdata_player 291
CAD CAM http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x3x65i_cnc-basics-e-course-3-cad-learn-cad_school 293
2014 CES International preview http://www.washingtonpost.com/posttv/business/technology/post-buzz-ces-
international-2014-preview/2014/01/03/fb775dae-7495-11e3-8def-a33011492df2_video.html 316
2013 International Consumer Electronics Show - EXHIBITOR magazine http://www.exhibitoronline.com/topics/
article.asp?ID=1491 316
David Copperfield http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6zzQFCmBYY&feature=youtube_gdata_player 360
Oliver Twist (by Roman Polanski) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKWy_dEAL2A&feature=youtube_gdata_player 361
Oliver Twist Trailer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSX5cPL0oZs&app=desktop 361
Avatar http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5VRiNOnGQE&feature=youtube_gdata_player 372
2045 Avatar Project Milestones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qv2aiAJI0Lg&feature=youtube_gdata_player 375
Michael Jackson Hologram Performs https://screen.yahoo.com/slave-rhythm-104846121.html 378
The Ballad of Reading Goal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tUZltCmfyc&feature=youtube_gdata_player 386
Dances with Wolves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQ4FQfSeksA&feature=youtube_gdata_player 390
Dances with Wolves Trailer http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi2341967897/ 392
Gospel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a37bBm8pXSk&feature=youtube_gdata_player 396
Raffi He’s Got the Whole World in His Hand http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4-QS-Xr_vGw&feature=youtube_
gdata_player 396
Bruce Springsteen - Dancing in the dark http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XlvjznOEWjk&feature=youtube_gdata_
player 404
Bruce Springsteen - My hometown http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31Qbx9oo-Ac&feature=youtube_gdata_player 406
U2 - Sunday Bloody Sunday http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVj7J-78Gu8&feature=youtube_gdata_player 408
In the Name of the father http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gg5ZUObgh6Y&feature=youtube_gdata_player 410
The Theatre of the Absurd http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/introduction-to-samuel-beckett-life-plays-and-
novels.html#lesson 415
Waiting for Godot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7_g52JrshE&feature=youtube_gdata_player 415
5
teacher’s book
Introduction Test 1
Bill Gates: a self-made man

(From the web 2006)
1 Many years ago a piece of news from Newsweek referred to a young boy who was a true genius in computer
science. This news was also published in an Italian newspaper. That boy was Bill Gates.
2 William Henry “Bill” Gates III is known for being the co-founder, chairman, and chief software architect of
Microsoft Corporation, the world’s largest computer software company.
3 According to Forbes magazine, Gates is the richest person in the world.
4 It’s very interesting that even with all that money, Bill drives himself to work in an average family car and he even
flies in economy class which is also called coach class.
5 Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution and has become an iconic
figure of late-20th century capitalism.
6 He is widely respected for his intelligence, foresight, and ambition. At the same time he is a target of widespread
resentment due to charges of monopoly and unfair and anti-competitive practices.
7 Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money (about 51% of his
total fortune) to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation, founded in 2000. He, his wife Melinda and U2’s lead singer Bono were collectively named by
Time as the 2005 Person of the Year.
8 That same year he was given the honor of Knight Commander of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.
Paragraphing
Ex A Rearrange the titles below in order referring to the passage: Score ....../8 .......marks
....... Bill Gates’ life is that of an ordinary person.

....... He is incredibly rich.
....... His company is charged with monopolistic policy.
....... A famous American magazine was the first one to write about Bill Gates.
....... He and his wife are strongly engaged in humanitarian work.
....... His professional responsibilities.
....... He was conferred an important title.
....... He is an icon of 20th century capitalism.
Ex B Match the phrases in list A with the phrases in List B to obtain meaningful sentences:
A B
1 Bill Gates was very young a can be deducted from the tax he pays on his earnings
2 Microsoft Corporation b together with his wife
3 Bill Gates’ behaviour c is considered illegal in the USA
4 Any monopolistic tendency d published an article on Bill Gates
5 Bill Gates is a philanthropist e sells a huge quantity of software on the market
6 The money he gives for charity f when Newsweek published an article on him
7 An Italian newspaper g is that of an ordinary person in his everyday life
1…… 2…… 3…… 4…… 5…… 6…… 7…… Score ....../7 .......marks
6
introduction
Ex C Ask questions for the paragraphs above. Score ....../5 .......marks

1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
Newsweek referred to it.
2 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
He has become an iconic figure of late-20th century capitalism.
3 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
He has become very rich because he is a genius in his field.
4 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
The title of Knight Commander of the British Empire.
5 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
To various charitable organizations.
Ex D True or False? Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Bill Gates always flies business class. T F

2 He is a big enemy of the capitalist economic system. T F
3 He is the richest man in the world. T F
4 An Italian magazine was the first one to write about Bill. T F
5 His foundation was created without his wife’s support. T F
Ex E Now, correct the false ones.
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Student’s name ................................................................................................................................. Class .................. Date .........................................
Mark .................................................................
7
teacher’s book
Unit 1 The origin of electricity Test 2
AN EASY EXPERIMENT
What you need:

• a plastic pen
• a small piece of paper
What to do:
• place a small piece of paper on the desk;
• Rub the plastic side of the pen on a cloth (wool, cotton or silk are OK) quickly and energetically while
counting up to 50;
• Immediately, put the pen in a horizontal position at a very short distance (about 1 cm) from the piece of
paper;
• the piece of paper will soon jump up and stick to the pen;
• after about 15-20 seconds the piece of paper will fall down on the desk.
Ex A Answer the following questions. Score ....../5 .......marks

1 What do you need to do the experiment?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 How long do you have to rub the pen on a cloth?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What type of fabric do you need to get the best result?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What happens to the tiny piece of paper after a while?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Does it remain stuck to the pen?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Choose among a, b, c or d to complete the passage below. Score ....../10 .......marks
A similar but a little more complicated experiment 1 ................................. be done. What you need: two people, a balloon,
a dark room and a fluorescent bulb.
The first person 2 ................................. the balloon, the second one 3 ................................. the fluorescent bulb with the metal
part 4 ................................. outward.
The person 5 ................................. the balloon has to 6 ................................. it against his/her arm and then immediately
7 ................................. the charged balloon with the metal contact.
Observe what 8 ................................. .
Do you 9 ................................. why the balloon 10 ................................. the bulb?
8
a b c d
1 can’t has can is
2 gives don’t hold held holds
3 takes doesn’t take take taken
4 face facing faced watching
5 held hold holds holding
6 rub rubbed rubs rubbing
7 hold touched touching touch
8 happening happened happens don’t happen
9 understanding don’t understand understand understands
10 lighted light lights doesn’t light
Mark .................................................................
9
teacher’s book
Unit 2 Electricity applications Test 3

AC-DC
Ex A Complete the passage with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
Direct current 1 ................................. in one direction in a circuit. DC voltage has a fixed 2 ................................. , that means that
the magnitude of the current doesn’t change. In an electric 3 ................................. , the symbol of the flow of the electric
current has the shape of an 4 ................................. . The conventional direction of the current flows from the positive
terminal of the 5 ................................. towards the negative one. This is the most common way to show the
direction of a current 6 ................................. . But the real direction of an electric current is the opposite way, that is from
the negative terminal of the battery to the 7 ................................. terminal.
a arrow b flows c positive d battery e circuit f flow g polarity
B Complete the following description of some electric devices by

Ex Score ....../6 .......marks
using the words given in pairs and in scrambled order.
1 A generator ............................................. mechanical energy into ............................................. energy.
2 A voltmeter ............................................. in ............................................. the potential differences between two points.
3 A resistor is a ............................................. or material which ............................................. the flow of current.
4 A transformer ............................................. AC current into ............................................. current and vice versa.
5 A conductor is a ............................................. or other medium that ............................................. electrical current.
6 An ammeter ............................................. the ............................................. of the electric flow.
a measures - magnitude b device - opposes c changes - DC

d converts - electrical e wire - carries f measures - volt
C Choose among the words in brackets to obtain

comparative/superlative sentences.
1 The AC transmission is .................................... (more / less) suitable than the DC transmission.
2 Step up transformers produce .................................... (higher / lower) voltages.
3 During the night there is .................................... (more / less) need for current.
4 Edison is the scientist who patented the .................................... (highest / lowest) number of inventions.
5 Electricity is .................................... (the most / the least) important invention of the 19th century.
Mark .................................................................
10
Unit 2 The Electric Chair - Electronic Wheelchairs Test 4
A
Ex Answer.
1 Why was hanging considered cruel and barbaric?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What is electrocution? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What was the quarrel between Edison and Westinghouse about AC and DC?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Do you know in which countries the electric chair is still in force?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What do you think about the death penalty? .........................................................................................................................................................
6 What is an electronic wheelchair for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 What is the joystick for? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It is placed between the two driving wheels.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Anti-tippers are necessary to avoid overturning.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Top speed can reach 5.6 mph.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It weighs 116 lbs.
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
The backrest, which is adjustable, can be 19-24 inches high.
6 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It can support a weight up to 300 lbs.
Ex C Convert the following measures into the metric system. Score ....../3 .......marks
1 5.6 mph = ................ km/h; 3 24 inches = ................ cm.

2 116 lbs = ................ kg;
Mark .................................................................
11
teacher’s book
Unit 3 Electromagnetism Test 5

HOW ELECTROMAGNETISM WORKS - INDUCED CURRENT
Ex A Fill in the gaps. Score ....../8 .......marks

In order to make a magnet, you need a 1 .................................................... ,a2 .................................................... and a
3 .................................................... . In an electric magnet, when the current is turned 4 .................................................... , magnetism
turns 5 .................................................... as well. Iron is not a 6 .................................................... magnet. The DC makes the
7 .................................................... rotate in a specific direction. When AC is applied to the magnetic field, the polarity
8 .................................................... .
a off b magnetic field c wire d reverses e off f permanent g battery h nail
B
Ex Choose a, b or c to obtain a meaningful sentence. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 The induced current is
a produced by a wire
b produced by a magnetic field
c produced by some special material
2 If a wire is stationary and the magnetic field changes,

a a current is produced
b a current is not produced
c the wire must be placed far from the magnet
3 In order to induce current in a coil of wire,

a no nails are needed
b a magnet should be placed inside it
c no magnets are required
4 When you connect a current carrying coil to a galvanometer,

a the current is excluded
b the galvanometer’s pointer moves to the right
c the galvanometer’s pointer doesn’t move
Ex C Match the devices with their definitions. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Generator a consists of a rotating magnet placed within a coil.

2 Dynamo b transforms electric energy into rotating energy.
3 Alternator c comes in two types: the first type consists of a rotating coil placed within a magnet.
4 Motor d is a material which attracts iron objects.
5 Magnet e is an electric or electromechanical device producing alternating current in cars.
1 .......... 2 .......... 3 .......... 4 .......... 5 ..........
12
TRANSFORMERS AND MICROPHONES
Ex D Choose between the words in brackets. Score ....../8 .......marks
1 In a dynamo the coils of wire are 1 ................................................ (stationary / moving).
2
A step up transformer has 2 ................................................ (more / less) turns of wire on the 3 .............................................. .
(secondary / primary) coil than on the 4 ................................................ (secondary / primary) coil, because the voltage
output is 5 ................................................ (higher / lower) than the voltage input, due to the larger turns of coil.
3
In a microphone, when 6 ................................................ (diaphragm / sound waves) coming from any type of noise, voices,
music, etc. hit a 7 ................................................ (sound wave / diaphragm), the diaphragm affects the voltage in the
coil which is placed inside. When the coil moves backwards and forwards, such movement induces a
8 ................................................ (sound / current) changing at the same frequency as the 9 ................................................ (current
/ sound).
E Change the following sentences from the active

Ex
into the passive form. Score ......4 .......marks
1 You should place your bed far from electromagnetic fields.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 You should choose a bed with a wooden frame.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 You must avoid mirrors as they reflect electromagnetic waves.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 You shouldn’t keep your electrical appliances in stand by position during the night.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
Unit 3 Electromagnetism Test 6

NIKOLA TESLA (1856-1943)
Nikola Tesla was an ingenious inventor and an eccentric personality.

For instance, he never stayed in a hotel room or floor whose number
was divisible by three, and had a sort of phobia for women wearing
earrings.
Tesla’s fame came, especially, from his invention of the alternating
current motor. He believed that the alternate current was superior
to Edison’s direct current. The alternating current can be altered or
converted, in order to be adapted to a variety of situations. If the
voltage is increased and made quite high, then the current necessary
for a specific level of power is low, thus involving some energy
saving. That’s why the power lines running across the countryside
are at very high voltages.
There was, and still is, a dispute about the scientist who invented
the radio: Marconi or Tesla? Actually Tesla worked with radio-
frequency electromagnetic waves, that is the radio that we know
today.
He also worked out the power generating system of the Niagara Falls, where a small statue of Tesla is kept
perpetually lit.
Ex A Choose if the following statements are T (true) or F (false). Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Tesla used to wear earrings. T F

2 He was convinced that the alternate current was better than the direct current. T F
3 A high voltage is required for long distance transmission. T F
4 Tesla and Edison shared the same ideas about current. T F
5 Niagara Falls’ power system is due to the work of Marconi. T F
Ex B Complete the passage with the verbs listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
Tesla 1 .................................... the alternating current motor. He was 2 .................................... that the alternating
current 3 .................................... better than the direct current. Differently from DC, AC 4 ....................................
be 5 .................................... , so that it can be 6 .................................... to many different situations. When the voltage is high, the
current 7 .................................... for a specific level of power is low.
a converted b required c convinced d can e invented f applied g was
Ex C Complete the passage with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
When the current required is low, some energy saving is 1 .................................... . If a low current 2 .................................... long
wires, it will become very efficient. That’s why the power lines 3 .................................... across the countryside are at very
high 4 .................................... .
14
Who 5 .................................... the radio? Marconi or Tesla? The dispute is still 6 .................................... . What we can say is that
both Marconi and Tesla were great 7 .................................... .
a running b scientists c existing d goes through e obtained f invented g voltage
D List the phrases below in their correct order to obtain

a passage about an experiment on electromagnetism.
Start with number 3 and end with number 11.
1 around a nail. 7 will become highly magnetized.
2 that the nail 8 as a bare wire
3 Wrap an insulated wire 9 Don’t forget that the wire
4 through the wire 10 must be insulated
5 and you will see 11 would short out.
6 Send electrical current
3 ............................................................................. 11
MICHAEL FARADAY - INDUCED CURRENT
E Fill in the gaps with the adverbs and the prepositions

listed below.
1 Faraday suspended a magnet and showed that it rotated 1 ................................. a current bearing wire.
2
There is a relation 2 ................................. the mass of a substance produced at an electrode 3 ................................. electrolysis
and the quantity of electricity that has passed 4 ................................. this mass.
3 When a current flows 5 ................................. a wire, it produces a magnetic field.
4
There isn’t any difference if a wire moves 6 ................................. a magnet or a magnet 7 ................................. a wire, as long
as they move in relation to each other.
5 When a magnet moves 8 ................................. and 9 ................................. a coil of wire, a current will be induced in it.
a towards b near (2) c around d during e inside f between g through (2)
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
Unit 4 Electricity production Test 7

JAMES WATT
Ex A Write the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Score ....../16 .......marks
James Watt, the son of a merchant, was born in Greenock, Scotland, in 1736. At the age of nineteen Watt
1 ........................................ (be sent) to Glasgow to learn the trade of a mathematical-instrument maker.
In 1763, Watt was sent a “Newcomen steam engine” to repair it. Watt 2 ........................................ (discover) how he
3 ........................................ (can) make the engine more efficient, then he 4 ........................................ (work) on the idea for several
months and eventually 5 ........................................ (produce) a steam engine that 6 ........................................ (cool) the used steam
in a condenser separated from the main cylinder. James Watt was not a wealthy man, so he 7 ........................................ (decide)
to look for a partner with money. John Roebuck, the owner of a Scottish ironworks, 8 ........................................ (agree) to
provide financial support for Watt’s project. When Roebuck 9 ........................................ (go) bankrupt in 1773, Watt
10 ........................................ (take) his ideas to Matthew Boulton, a successful businessman from Birmingham. For the next
eleven years Boulton’s factory 11 ........................................ (produce) and 12 ........................................ (sell) Watt’s steam-engines.
These machines 13 ........................................ (be) mainly used to pump water from mines. Watt’s machine was very popular
because it was four times more powerful than those that 14 ........................................ (have) been based on the Thomas
Newcomen design.
Watt compared his machine to a horse. He 15 ........................................ (calculate) that a horse exerted a pull of 180 lb.,
therefore, when he 16 ........................................ (make) a machine, he described its power in relation to a horse, ie: «a
20 horse-power (hp) engine».
HOW A GAS POWER STATION WORKS
B Put the following operations in the correct order,

Ex
starting from number 1 and ending with number 5. Score ....../7 .......marks
1 Methane is mixed with compressed air coming from the compressor.

2 at a very high temperature.
3 The mixture is sent to the combustion chamber where gas is produced
4 The electricity obtained is then sent to the transmission grid
5 through a transformer, which steps it up from 20 to 380 kV to avoid energy loss.
6 The shaft of the turbine is connected to a generator,
7 so that the gas turbine turns.
8 Then, the gas is sent towards the gas turbine
9 which transforms rotational energy into electricity.
1 ............................................................................. 5
16
C Then continue starting from number 6 and ending
Ex
with number 3. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 and sent back to the steam turbine.

2 where unwanted by-products are collected,
3 as they can produce greenhouse effect.
4 from the turbine to a vapour recover generator.
5 Part of it is recycled
6 At this point, the exhaust gas is sent
7 The exhaust fumes are eliminated through a chimney,
8 after passing through a filtering system,
6 ............................................................................. 3
THE HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
Ex D Complete the passage with the words listed below. Score ....../9 .......marks
The main source of 1 ................................................. energy is the 2 ................................................. . Thanks to the sun, the wind
blows and the rain falls, thus feeding oceans and rivers.
A large river which flows down in a 3 ................................................. can generate 4 ................................................. .
When the valley is flooded, a large 5 ................................................. of water is created.
The power of 6 ................................................. can also be collected to produce electricity. The tidal process utilizes the
natural 7 ................................................. of the tides to fill reservoirs, which are then slowly 8 ................................................. through
electricity-producing 9 ................................................. .
a steep slope b hydroelectricity c discharged d renewable

e reservoir f sun g motion h turbines i tides
Ex E Complete the passage with the words listed below.
Hydroelectricity is obtained from the 1 ................................................. of rivers, by exploiting the potential

2 ................................................. of 3 ................................................. . When the water stored behind
a 4 ................................................. is released, at high pressure, its 5 ................................................. energy is, then,
channelled down towards turbine 6 ................................................. , which turn and drive the
7 ................................................. to produce 8 ................................................. .
a dam b kinetic c electricity d damming e blades f energy g generator h water
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
M odule 2 • Energy sources

Unit 1 Conventional and renewable energy sources Test 8
Crude oil - The Refining Process - Solar Energy - Solar Cells
Ex A T true or F false? Score ....../8 .......marks
1 Petroleum is a fossil fuel, coming from decaying plants and organism that lived in the
seas hundreds of years ago. T F
2 LPG means liquefied petroleum gas, its boiling point is above than 40 °C. T F
3 Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain only chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms. T F
4 Kerosene is the fuel used for jet engines. T F
5 Asphalt and tar are residuals used to cover roads. T F
6 Gasoline comes from naphtha by a reforming process. T F
7 Heavy gas oil contains 44 atoms of carbon and boils at 300 °C. T F
8 Fractional distillation is a chemical process which occurs in a refinery. T F
Ex B Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It is about 35,000 times the total energy used by man.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
1,000 Watts of energy per square meter.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Many natural phenomena, such as winds, rivers, sea waves and tides.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
They are used in calculators as well as satellites.
Ex C Answer the following questions. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 What is a semiconductor?....................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What happens when photons strike the PV cell?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What is an electric current? ...............................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Why is a cell coated with an anti-reflective material?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 How many cells are usually placed in a module?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 How can current be collected?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
18
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Ex A Fill in the gaps with the appropriate prepositions. Score ....../8 .......marks
The sun’s energy can be captured and harnessed. There are three main ways 1 ................................... (of / to / for) doing
this:
Passive solar energy ensures that a building captures the sun’s energy and reduces the need 2 ................................... (at / for
/ to) artificial light and heating.
Solar water heating converts solar radiation 3 ................................... (from / to / into) heat which can be used directly or
stored.
Photovoltaics (PV) convert sunlight 4 ................................... (by / into / at) electricity.
The use of wind as a renewable energy resource involves harnessing the power 5 ................................... (at / from / by)
moving air. Wind represents a vast source of energy which man has harnessed 6 ................................... (for / into / at)
hundreds of years.
Tidal energy exploits the natural tides and flow 7 ................................... (to / of / in) coastal tidal waters caused principally
8 ................................... (from / by / to) the interaction of the gravitational fields of the Earth-Moon-Sun system.
Ex B Match the words in list A with their definitions in list B. Score ....../6 .......marks
A B
1 Coal, gas oil and peat ................ a is usually found at the top of the pockets of oil.
2 Coal ................ b comes from the heat within the earth.
3 Gas ................ c come from the sun.
4 Uranium ................ d was formed by the decomposition of plants which existed millions of
years ago.
5 Geothermal energy ................ e is a non-fossil fuel, used in nuclear fission reactors to produce heat.
6 Renewable energy sources ................ f are fossil fuels.
Ex C Complete the definitions by using the words listed below. Score ....../8 .......marks
The direct method includes solar 1 ................................... , photovoltaic 2 ................................... and
concave 3 ................................... .
The indirect method exploits natural phenomena due to 1 ................................... , blowing 2 ................................... ,
3 ................................... waves, sea 4 ................................... and falling 5 ................................... .
Direct method: mirrors - collectors - plants

Indirect method: sea - sun - water - wind - tides
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teacher’s book
D Match the phrases in list A with the appropriate

phrases in list B.
A B
1 Groups of cells packaged in a frame are called a photovoltaic cells.
b modules or panels.
c photo-light.
2 Photovoltaic means a converting sunlight into electricity.
b converting electricity into sunlight.
c converting cells into a packaged frame.
3 Photovoltaic cells are made of a conductor material.
b semiconductor material.
c insulator material.
4 When the energy strikes the electrons, a they don’t accelerate.
b they slow down.
c they flow freely.
5 By placing a metal contact on the top a the current can be used externally.
and bottom of a PV cell, b the current stops flowing.
c the current flows.
1............. 2............. 3............. 4............. 5.............
SOLAR ENERGY FOR PRIVATE USE

Producing electricity for private use by photovoltaic cells could be indispensable in places which are situated
far from the electricity grid. Mounting our private electricity plant can be done if we are either far from the
electricity supply, or close to it. The first type of plant is called “stand alone”, the second one is called “grid
connected”, because the plant can be connected to the electricity grid which can supply the current, if our
personal plant is not enough for our needs.We will place, on the roof, a sufficient number of photovoltaic
modules, with the appropriate inclination and pointing towards the South. The panels will be connected
in series or in parallel. It is better to connect them in parallel because, if a cell fails to work, the others will
continue to produce electricity. The panels will be connected to a charge controller, which will send direct
current to the DC loads. As the current coming from panels is DC, an inverter will change DC into AC for the
AC loads. Current can be accumulated in a battery to be used at night. At this point, you’ll have free electricity
from the panels, which should last about thirty years.
Ex E Answer the following questions. Score ....../5 .......marks
1
Where is producing solar electricity for private use 4
Why is it more convenient to connect panels in parallel?
indispensable? 5
What are panels connected to?
2
What is the difference between “stand alone” and 6
Why is an inverter used?
“grid connected”?
7
Where can current be accumulated and why?
3
Where should photovoltaic modules be oriented
8
How long can panels last?
towards?
Mark .................................................................
20
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel is a fuel obtained from renewable sources such as vegetable oils or animal fats.
It is biodegradable and non-toxic, and has significantly fewer emissions than petroleum-based diesel (petrol-
diesel) when burned. Biodiesel functions in engines. With a flash (inflammability) point of 150 °C, biodiesel
is classified as a non-flammable liquid. Biodiesel can be distributed using today’s infrastructures, and its use
and production is increasing rapidly (especially in Europe, in the United States and in Asia). Fuel stations are
beginning to make biodiesel available to consumers, and a growing number of means of transport use it as an
additive in their fuel.
Traditional biodiesel refining plants use only the fatty acids of plants, which typically make up less than 10%
of the mass of dried plants. Rather than converting only the fat, a new method promises to turn all of the
dried plant material, including roots, stems, leaves, and fruit, into biodiesel or heat energy. Ethanol is the most
popular and commercial biofuel nowadays.
Ex A Choose if the following statement are T (true) or F (false). Score ....../7 .......marks
1 Animal fats can be renewable sources to get biofuel. T F
2 Biofuels do not produce any emission. T F
3 Biofuels need special infrastructures which are not available. T F
4 Traditional biodiesel refining uses only 20% of dried plants. T F
5 Nowadays, even stems and fruit can be converted into fuel. T F
6 Biofuel can be used as on additive to gasoline or diesel fuel. T F
7 Biodiesel has a flash point of 200 °C. T F
Ex B Answer the following questions. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 Why is biofuel considered a non-flammable liquid?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Is biodiesel easily available nowadays?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which percentage of plants does the traditional refining method convert into biodiesel?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What is ethanol?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book

ETHANOL
Ethanol, also called grain alcohol, is the most popular and commercial biofuel. In North America, most ethanol is
produced from cereals (mostly corn, some wheat and barley).
Some industrial processes for ethanol production make use of “waste” feedstocks such as potato, waste cheese whey,
brewery waste and sugar cane. It is currently produced primarily through the fermentation of sugars. Ethanol is a
renewable energy source, it is relatively non-toxic and completely biodegradable. It can help limit climate change as a
mixture of ethanol and gasoline can reduce greenhouse gases and, unlike fossil fuels, it does not increase atmospheric
carbon dioxide levels.
Used as a fuel additive, ethanol has the potential to displace 10% of gasoline consumption and up to 15% of diesel
consumption. Ethanol can also be used to power fuel cells.
Ex A Only one is WRONG among a, b and c. Find it out. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Biofuels are 4 Ethanol can be added to

a non-polluting a coal
b renewable b gasoline
c difficult to produce c diesel
2 Ethanol is obtained from 5 Ethanol is obtained from foodstuffs such as
a waste feedstock a butter
b cereals b sugar cane
c fossil fuels c potatoes
3 Ethanol can decrease
a greenhouse effect
b fermentation of sugar
c carbon dioxide levels
1 Why is ethanol also called grain alcohol?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which waste materials can be used as feedstock for the production of ethanol?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What percentage of diesel fuel can be spared by adding ethanol?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What can ethanol power?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
22
Unit 2 Test 12
Application of Nuclear Radiation in Modern Society
In medicine, one third of patients in western countries receive treatments involving

nuclear medicine. Radioisotopes are also used to test medicine and radiation is used to
sterilize instruments and medical supplies.
Radioisotopes are essential to biomedical research on AIDS, cancer and Alzheimer’s
disease.
In industry, thanks to radioisotopes we can control the thickness of paper, metal sheet
which is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and fluid levels. Radiation
is used to toughen plastics and electronic components. Even cosmetics, hair products and
contact lenses solutions are sterilized with radiation.
In the field of research, exploration of deep space would be impossible without small
nuclear powered generators.
In Public Safety small radioisotope sources enable smoke detectors to function.
As for the environment, radioisotope techniques are essential to climate investigation in
regard to global warming.
Solid waste and sewage can be treated with radiation techniques instead of toxic
chemicals.
In agriculture, radiation is used to preserve seeds and food products.
1 What are radioisotopes used for in medicine?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which important diseases can be treated with radioisotopes?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which fields of industry are involved in nuclear radiation?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Which nuclear applications are used for Public Safety?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Which climate investigation are carried out thanks to radioisotopes?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Where can toxic chemicals be eliminated by using radiation techniques?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 What are the radiation techniques used for in agriculture?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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teacher’s book
B Fill in the gaps with the correct verbs given in scrambled order.
a detected b a big help c are sterilized d studied e destroyed f preserved

g can be checked h allow
1 Nuclear medicine ……………………….…… for some diseases.

2 In a surgery room instruments ……………………….…… by radiation.
3 In industry, materials ……………………….…… thanks to radioisotopes.
4 Nuclear powered generators ……………………….…… deep exploration.
5 Smokers are ……………………….…… by small radioisotopes.
6 Global warming can be ……………………….…… by radioisotopes.
7 Waste and sewage can be safely ……………………….…… by radiation.
8 Seed and food are safely ……………………….…… in agriculture.
Ex C Complete the sentences by inserting: Score ....../10 .......marks
can - can’t - should - shouldn’t - must - mustn’t
1 A surgeon ……………………….…… operate if his instruments are not sterilized.

2 All diseases ……………………….…… be treated with the right treatment.
3 You ……………………….…… ……………………….…… use my instruments, if you like.
4 They ……………………….…… go to the factory today, we are on strike!
5 Firms ……………………….…… use radiation to sterilize contact lenses instead of other products; it is much better!
6 You ……………………….…… smoke here, it is forbidden.
7 Climate ……………………….…… improve if scientists don’t find a solution.
8 Agriculture products ……………………….…… be kept in proper places.
9 Geologists ……………………….…… check the depth of the Earth by using nuclear powered generators.
10 Nuclear waste ……………………….…… be disposed of by using proper systems.
Mark .................................................................
24
M odule 3 • Physics and scientists
M odule 3 • Physics and Scientists

Unit 1 The language of physics and mathematics Test 13
NEWTON’S THREE LAWS
Ex A T true or F false? Score ....../10 .......marks
1 Inertia is the property of a body to resist any change. T F
2 Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity compared to time. T F
3 Interaction is the process in which two or more bodies exert mutual forces on each other. T F
4 Newton proved that planets are held in place by the Earth’s gravity. T F
5 If you suspend a heavy mass from a coil made of metal wire, the wire will extend. T F
6 Gravitation is the mutual attraction among masses in the Universe. T F
7
Unlike Galileo, Newton realized that mathematics was the means to prove that planets
revolve around the Sun. T F
8 When shooting, a gun pushes backwards, due to the law of interaction. T F
Now correct the false ones. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
OHM AND ELECTRICAL CONCEPTS
B Match the following concepts of electricity with their

definitions.
a Resistance b Resistivity c Inductance d Conductance e Capacitance f Impedance
1 ...................................................................... is the total opposition that a circuit shows in alternating current.
2 ...................................................................... is the opposition that a device or a material offers to the flow of direct current.
3
...................................................................... is the ratio of the emf (generated by electromagnetic induction) to the rate of
change of current.
4 ...................................................................... is the electrical resistance offered by a material to the current flow.
5 ...................................................................... is the reciprocal of resistance. It states the ability of a circuit to conduct electricity.
6
...................................................................... is the ratio of the charge on one of the conductors of a capacitor to the potential
difference between the conductors.
25
teacher’s book
Ex C Language focus. Fill in the table below. Score ....../8 .......marks
Verb General concept Specific ability Device which does the

action of the verb
resist resistance 1 ........................................................... 2 ...........................................................
3 .............. 4 ........................................................... conductivity 5 ...........................................................
x capacitance x 6 ...........................................................
7 .............. 8 ........................................................... x inductor
Ex D Who is the scientist? Match numbers with letters. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Science ................ a The study of the properties of matter and energy.

2 Physics ................ b Someone who investigates the principles of knowledge in some field of science.
3 Theory ................ c An idea which is considered as a possible explanation of facts.
4 Hypothesis ................ d An idea, doctrine or system not yet tested by practical experience.
5 Experiment ................ e Any branch of knowledge based on the systematic observation of facts in order to
formulate general laws and hypotheses.
6 Scientist ................ f A test to verify a theory or to discover new facts.
Ex E Answer the following questions. You can look in your book. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 What are Newton’s laws about?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What did Newton call the force of attraction exerted by the Earth?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What is Ohm’s first law about?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Write down the formula of Ohm’s second law.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
26
Unit 2 From philosophy to experience Test 14
ALESSANDRO VOLTA
A Answer the following questions. Go to the passage on

Alessandro Volta in your book.
1 What was Volta’s main invention?

2 Which animal in particular did Volta use for his experiments, after Galvani’s experiments?
3 What did Volta use to detect current, as he didn’t have the appropriate instruments?
4 Which combination of materials produced the biggest effect in terms of electric current?
5 Which type of fish could deliver a powerful electric shock?
LECLANCHÉ CELL
B Put the phrases below in their correct order by filling
in the missing numbers below.
1 which is surrounded by a mixture 6 is situated in the centre of the cell

2 The carbon rod 7 and manganese dioxide
3 The Leclanché cell 8 of carbon powder
4 and forms the positive pole. 9 which acts as a depolariser.
5 consists of a carbon rod
3 ................. 1 ................. 7 ................. 2 ................. 4
Ex C Fill in the gaps with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
The carbon rod and a mixture of carbon powder and manganese dioxide are within a porous
1 .......................................... bag, which is placed in a zinc 2 .......................................... .
Between the 3 .......................................... container and the 4 .......................................... there is a paste of 5 ..........................................
chloride and zinc 6 .......................................... which acts as the 7 .......................................... .
a bag b gauze c chloride d container e electrolyte f zinc g ammonium
Ex D Fill in the gaps with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
A brass or plastic 1 .......................................... , sealed at the top of the carbon 2 .......................................... , acts as the
3 .......................................... terminal and the zinc 4 .......................................... acts as a 5 .......................................... pole.
The 6 .......................................... of the cell is closed with a sealing compound, which makes the cell leak
7 .......................................... .
a container b proof c cap d positive e top f negative g rod
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teacher’s book
BATTERIES
E Decide if the following statements are T (true) or F (false),

then write the correct version for the false ones.
1 In a battery, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy. T F
2 In a battery, a current flow is caused by connecting the same metals. T F
3 Primary cell batteries can’t be replenished. T F
4 A carbon zinc battery can be re-used. T F
5 Lead acid storage batteries can be recharged. T F
Now correct the false ones. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
F
Ex Choose among a, b or c. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Galileo proved that

a the Sun revolves around the planets
b planets revolve around the Sun
c the Sun doesn’t move
2 Newton proved the existence of
a electromagnetism
b gravity
c electricity
3 Ohm proved
a the laws concerning voltage, current and resistance in an electric circuit
b that the electric current can be obtained by a carbon filament
c that gravity is due to the force of attraction of the Earth
4 Galvani discovered that
a animals contain a type of electricity that makes the muscles jump
b only very few animals contain electricity
c only frogs contain electricity
5 Volta obtained the direct current by
a connecting a wire to a frog
b connecting frogs to a torpedo fish
c connecting a wire to the top and bottom of discs made of zinc or silver
6 Einstein explanation of relativity means that
a the speed of light remains constant in all frames of reference
b the speed of light is never constant
c the speed of light varies according to resistance
Mark .................................................................
28
Unit 2 From philosophy to experience Test 15
A Fill in the blanks of the passage below with

Ex Score ....../10 .......marks
the words in the box:
a deduction b scientist c curiosity d knowledge e philosopher f theory g works

h high i universe l imagination
What’s the scientist’s job?

The scientist’s job is to discover how the world 1 ……....................…… , to “torture” Nature to reveal its secrets, as the 17th
century 2 …….............……, Francis Bacon said. Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the
3 ……....................…… to seek out mysteries and creativity to solve them.
Scientists exhibit a 4 ……....................…… level of curiosity. They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a
passion for 5 ……....................…… .
The curious 6 ……....................…… believes there is an order in the 7 ……....................…… but he is always looking for
unexpected data that will test the accepted 8 ……....................…….
Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said that the scientist “must have a vivid and
intuitive imagination because new ideas are not generated by 9 ……....................…… , but by an artistically creative
10 ……....................……”.
1…..… 2…..… 3…..… 4…..… 5…..… 6…..… 7…..… 8…..… 9…..… 10…..…
Ex B Answer the following questions about Volta and Galvani: Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Did Volta spend all his life in Como?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What did he invent?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which animal did Galvani use to make his famous experiment ?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What did Galvani want to demonstrate?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Which observation helped Volta to build his pile?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What was Volta’s pile made of?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
29
teacher’s book
M odule 4 • Mechanical technologies

Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering Test 16
TETRA PAK PROTECTS FOOD
Tetra Pak is a Swedish company which develops, produces and sells complete processing of packaging
and distribution systems for food products. The company deals with processing equipment which includes
separators, heat exchangers, homogenisers, evaporators and aseptic processing systems.
Tetra Pak is also deeply involved in plant automation. Tetra Pak has manufacturing facilities for packages
and packaging material all over the world. Today, ice creams, cheese, dry foods, fruits, vegetables and
pet food are examples of what can be packaged in Tetra Pak packages. By developing packaging, which
preserves the nutritional value and taste of products, the distribution of these food products to the consumer
has been greatly facilitated. Tetra Pak aseptic cartons are made of three basic materials: paper (75%),
polyethylene (20%) and aluminium foil (5%). Paper provides strength, polyethylene provides a barrier to
bacteria and aluminium foil prevents any contact with air, light and flavouring that could cause food to
deteriorate.
Ex A Find out the English corresponding word in the passage. Score ....../11 .......marks
1
Foglio di alluminio ............................................................................. 7
Automazione degli impianti .........................................................
2
Lavorazione ............................................................................................ 8
Cibo per animali .................................................................................
3
Gusto ......................................................................................................... 9
Confezioni asettiche .........................................................................
4
Imballaggio ............................................................................................ 10 Attrezzature per la lavorazione ..................................................
5
Scambiatore di calore ....................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
6
Omogenizzatore .................................................................................. 11 Odore..........................................................................................................
B GRAMMAR. Complete the following questions and short

answers (insert verb to be / can / do / does).
1 .......................................... Tetra Pack deal with packaging and distribution systems?
Yes, ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................... packaging be completely ignored by industrialized countries?

No, ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................... cheese, ice creams and pet food be packaged?

Yes, ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 .......................................... packaging spoil the nutritional value of products?

No, ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 .......................................... aluminium foil used to prevent contact with air and light?
Yes, ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
30
1 Which processing equipment does Tetra Pak deal with?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which goods are some clear examples of what can be packaged?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What does packaging preserve?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What materials are aseptic cartons made of?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Where can Tetra Pak packaging be found?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex D Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Where .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ?
In Sweden.
2 What ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ?
It deals with processing equipment.
3 How much ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ?

It contains 75% of paper.
4 What ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ?
It provides a barrier to bacteria.
5 What ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ?
It prevents contact with air, light and flavourings.
Mark .................................................................
31
teacher’s book
Unit 1 Materials Science and Engineering Test 17
SMART MATERIALS
Ex A Match materials with their correct definitions. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Copper a hard silvery-white magnetic metal (US = a five-cent piece)

2 Zinc b silvery strong light metal used in alloys, malleable when heated
3 Aluminium c white metal, very light and malleable, resistant to oxidation
4 Nickel d reddish material, malleable, ductile and good conductor
5 Titanium e hard transparent substance made by fusion of silicates of calcium sodium and other
metals
6 Glass f hard bluish-white metal used in alloys and for galvanization
1........ 2........ 3........ 4........ 5........ 6........
Ex B Decide if the following statements are T True or F False. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 ER and MR materials are always very thick fluids T F
2 Any change in ER and MR fluids occurs very quickly T F
3 MR fluids are used for artificial legs and arms T F
4 MR fluids are used for car engines T F
5 The use of ER and MR materials is expanding T F
C Match phrases in list A with phrases in list B which have

the same meaning.
A B
1 Smart materials a a very small quantity
2 Experts manipulate materials b ordinary existence
3 Such as c Unfolding a life-saving device
4 A wide range d correlated qualities
5 A little bit e intelligent objects
6 Interrelated properties f a big variety
7 Everyday life g skilled people handle objects
8 Deploying an airbag h that is - for example
1........ 2........ 3........ 4........ 5........ 6........ 7........ 8........
32
Ex D Match the technical terms with their correct definitions. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Prosthetic a Branch of the applied science which aims to create devices and machines capable of
companies reproducing the brains’ functions through the transmission of signals and controls in electric and
electronics circuitries as well as through mechanical systems
2 Neural b companies producing artificial limbs
connector
3 c interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering to the development of biological
Biocompatible substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve tissue function
materials
4 Cybernetics d connector close to the central nervous system
5 Tissue e materials that are compatible with the human body and that do not cause rejections
engineering
1........ 2........ 3........ 4........ 5........
Ex E Answer the following questions:

1 What are piezoelectric materials?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What are transducers ?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which material are arterial stents made of?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What are MR fluids used for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What are shape-memory alloys?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
33
teacher’s book
Unit 2 Thermotechnics Test 18
UNDERFLOOR HEATING SYSTEM
In the Roman baths the Hypocaust system was used for

heating the buildings and the pools.
This underfloor heating system was based on hot air
heated from the garden furnaces, flowing between the
brick columns which supported the ground floor.
The warm air flowed through wall ducts into the rooms,
which were quickly heated. In some baths the floors
were so hot that the bathers had to wear wooden sandals
to stop their feet from being burnt. The fires in the
basement were stocked by slaves. Nowadays, you don’t
need hot water in your garden to enjoy the comfort of
Roman bath floors.
A thin electric mat installed in self-levelling cement, controlled by a timer-thermostat with an in-floor sensor,
can heat your house. Conceptually, these products are very similar to electric blankets, placed under the floor.
They are made of a heat resistance wire that serpentines over a supporting material.
1 What did the Romans use the Hypocaust system for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 How did the bathers avoid burning their feet?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Who worked in the garden furnaces?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What controls the electric mat in modern apartments?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What is the electric mat similar to?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B T True or F False? Score ....../6 .......marks
1 The Romans used the Hypocaust system to heat their houses. T F
2 Once activated, the Hypocaust heating system in Roman baths worked very quickly. T F
3 Slaves enjoyed their jobs. T F
4 In Roman times baths were also heated by electricity. T F
5 Sandals burnt the feet very quickly. T F
6 In a modern house an electric mat is installed under the floor. T F
34
Ex C Match each word with its opposite. Score ....../10 .......marks
1
Heating a To start
2
Under b Thick
3
Basement c Cooling
4
To support d Given away
5
Floor e In the past
6 To stop f Over
7
Quickly g Penthouse
8
Stocked h To give up
9
Nowadays i Ceiling
10 Thin j Slowly
1 ................. 2 ................. 3 ................. 4 ................. 5 ................. 6 ................. 7 ................. 8 ................. 9 ................. 10 .................
D GRAMMAR. Choose the correct one among the prepositions

in brackets.
The Romans used the Hypocaust heating system 1 ................................................. (in order to / for / by) heat their baths.
When the fire was kindled, the hot air came out 2 ................................................. (in / from / of) the basement. Slaves worked
3 ................................................. (at / on / by) the fires. The warmth from the basement went 4 ................................................. (down /
to / up), so that the floor got very hot.
(In / To / For) 5 ................................................. this reason the Romans had to wear sandals to prevent their feet
6 ................................................. (to / from / at) burning.
Today some people have a modern system 7 ................................................. (for / at / to) heat their houses.
They use a thin electric mat placed under the floor. This system is similar 8 ................................................. (at / of / to) the one
used 9 ................................................. (at / for / in) electric blankets.
Mark .................................................................
35
teacher’s book
Unit 2 Thermotechnics Test 19

THE REFRIGERATOR
A refrigerator has a compressor and a closed system of tubing that contains a
refrigerant gas.
When the compressor pumps the refrigerant, the refrigerant will be compressed. The
refrigerant flows through the coils and then through an expansion valve to the inside
of the freezer. As the refrigerant goes through the expansion valve, the pressure drops
Inside
and so does the temperature. The decrease in pressure corresponds with a decrease in the refrigerator
temperature. Pressure is proportional to temperature.
As the air in the refrigerator cools, the water in the air will condense. Water that Compressor
condenses in the refrigerator will freeze into frost. Most refrigerators have an automatic
defroster which is simply a heating element that is controlled by a timer and a thermostat.
When the water from the melted frost drains out of the refrigerator into a pan beneath
the refrigerator, it will evaporate. Another thermostat will activate the compressor Expansion
valve
whenever the temperature rises above a certain level.
1 Where does the refrigerant flow?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What happens when the refrigerant goes through the expansion valve?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What does the decrease in pressure produce?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What is a defroster controlled by?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What happens to the melted frost in the refrigerator?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What happens when the temperature exceeds a certain level?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B Match phrases in lists A with phrases in list B to obtain

meaningful sentences.
A B
1 The compressor a the pressure diminishes.
2 The refrigerant b is a heating device.
3 When the refrigerant goes c pumps the refrigerant and compresses it through the expansion valve.
4 The condensed water d collects the melted frost from the fridge.
5 A defroster e flows through the coil system.
6 A pan f turns into frost.
1 ................. 2 ................. 3 ................. 4 ................. 5 ................. 6 .................
36
C GRAMMAR FOCUS. First conditional.
Change the sentences into the first conditional.
eg: If a fridge is opened, the temperature will diminish.

1 When the compressor ....................................... (to pump) the refrigerant, it ....................................... (to compress).
2 If the pressure ....................................... (to decrease), temperature ....................................... (to decrease) too.
3 When the defroster ....................................... (to melt) the frost, the frost ....................................... (to turn into) water.
4 When the water from the melted frost ....................................... (to drain out of) of the refrigerator into a pan,
it ....................................... (to evaporate).
5 A thermostat ....................................... (to activate) the compressor whenever the temperature ....................................... (to rise)
above a certain level.
Mark .................................................................
37
teacher’s book
Unit 3 Civil Engineering Test 20

HOUSES IN ANCIENT ROME
In ancient Rome there were palaces for the rich, but the majority of Romans lived in tenement houses. Walking
the streets was frequently dangerous, because people disposed of trash by throwing it out of windows. Most of
Rome’s houses were ill-supplied with heat, light and water.
The sanitary arrangements, compared to modern standards, were inadequate. The typical Roman citizen lived
almost entirely in the streets, shops and baths. The house was considered principally as a place to sleep and
store possessions.
Water was provided by aqueducts which supplied public baths and latrines. The water from the aqueducts
reached only the ground floor of the apartment buildings. People living on the upper floors had to rely on
slaves to carry water or go themselves and draw water from the nearest fountain.
As fire were a constant concern, Romans were encouraged to keep water stored in their rooms. We know that Rome
was struck by big fires on several occasions. Most notable was the fire during the reign of the Emperor Nero.
1 Where did most Romans live?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Why was walking in the streets in some way dangerous?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 How was the house considered by the Romans?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What was water used for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 How did people living on the upper floors carry water?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What were the Romans recommended to do in order to defend themselves from fires?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B GRAMMAR. Choose between the possessive adjective and

the possessive pronoun given in brackets.
1 In ancient times in Rome the rich had ................................. (their / theirs) houses well supplied, whereas the poor
had ................................. (their / theirs) ill supplied.
2 Nowadays .............................. (our / ours) houses have many comforts, whereas for people in ancient Rome ............................
(their / theirs) were very poor.
3 If you lived in the upper floors, you had to carry ................................. (your / yours) buckets of water upstairs, whereas
your friend living on the ground floor hadn’t to carry ................................. (his/her / his/hers).
4 When Rome was set on fire, its citizens took ................................. (their / theirs) possessions to safety.
5 When I saw ancient Rome houses, I thought that ................................. (my / mine) was certainly much more
comfortable.
38
Ex C T True or F False? Score ....../6 .......marks
In ancient Rome:
1 The sanitary services of common people were really good. T F
2 People never walked in the streets. T F
3 Water reached the upper floors. T F
4 Slaves were well paid to carry water upstairs. T F
5 People could easily defend themselves from fire. T F
6 Ancient Rome never burst into flames. T F
D Match phrases in list A with phrases in list B to obtain

In ancient Rome:
A B
1 Rich people lived a a great danger.
2 Light, heat and water b in the streets most of the time.
3 People lived c only the ground floor.
4 People used to throw rubbish d in palaces.
5 Water reached e were in bad supply for the poor.
6 People used to keep water f some areas of the city.
7 Fires were g out of the windows.
8 A fire destroyed h in their flats.
1 ................. 2 ................. 3 ................. 4 ................. 5 ................. 6 ................. 7 ................. 8 .................
Mark .................................................................
39
teacher’s book
Unit 3 Test 21
Wien Fernwärme
In Vienna, Austria the word “incinerator for solid waste disposal”
does not generate the unfavourable reaction that it would in other
countries. The Wien Fernwärme is located right in the city centre
and is even a tourist attraction because of the artistic design by the
famous architect Friedensreich Hundertwasser.
The incinerator is based on an interconnected network of 10
heating plants with 900 km of pipes, and is one of the largest in
Europe.
The plant was designed to burn municipal waste and provide the
heat for the New General Hospital about 2 km away. It is the
second largest heating plant in Vienna, producing 460 MW. It is
designed to burn 250,000 tons of waste per year. The plant is also
designed to generate its own electricity and provides 15 MW of electricity to the main electrical grid.
Solid domestic and non-dangerous commercial waste is delivered to the Thermal Waste Treatment plant by
250 trucks daily. The waste is thoroughly mixed before being transferred to one of two incineration lines.
It is plain that it is possible to operate an incinerator plant that disposes of solid waste, generates electricity and
heat, and meets very strict environmental standards!
Ex A Answer the following questions: Score ....../3 .......marks
1 What was the Fernwärme incinerator designed for? ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ 3 Which functions does Fernwärme incinerator perform?

2 Which types of waste is Fernwärme designed to burn? ........................................................................................................................
Ex B Change sentences from positive into negative form. Score ....../7 .......marks
e.g. Fernwärme generates unfavourable reactions in Vienna
No, Fernwärme doesn’t generate unfavourable reactions in Vienna, it generates favourable reactions
1 Fernwärme is located in the outskirts of Vienna.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 It has 5 heating plants with 500 km of pipes.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 It is one of the smallest in Europe.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 It provides heat to the hospital located just round the corner.
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Hazardous waste is also burnt in Fernwärme.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Trucks carry waste once a week.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 The environment is affected by Fernwärme.

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
40
C Match phrases on the left to phrases on the right
to obtain meaningful sentences
1
Some countries a is burnt every day
2 Fernwärme b must be set and respected
3 Hundertwasser c is not affected by gases coming from Fernwärme
4 Pipes and heating plants d carry the waste
5 Municipal waste e are against incinerators being located close to houses
6 250 trucks f designed Fernwärme
7 The environment g are part of the incinerator
8 Standards for waste disposal h is situated in the centre of the city
1................. 2................. 3................. 4................. 5................. 6................. 7................. 8.................
Mark .................................................................
41
teacher’s book
M odule 5 • Mechanics
Unit 1 Simple machines Test 22
METAL DETECTOR
A typical metal detector is light-weight and consists of just a few parts:
Search coil – the part that senses the metal; also known as the “search head,” “loop” or “antenna”.
Control box – contains the circuitry, controls, speaker, batteries and the microprocessor.
Stabilizer (optional) – used to keep the unit steady as you sweep it back and forth.
Shaft – connects the control box and the coil; often adjustable, so you can set it at a comfortable level for your
height.
2
4
1
3
Most systems also have a jack for connecting headphones, and some have the control box below the shaft and a
small display unit above. Operating a metal detector is simple. Once you turn the unit on, you move slowly over
the area you wish to search. In most cases, you sweep the coil (search head) back and forth over the ground in
front of you. When you pass it over a target object, an audible signal occurs. More advanced metal detectors
provide displays that pinpoint the type of metal it has detected and how deep in the ground the target object is
located.
A Look at the picture and write the devices next

to the relative numbers.
1 ........................................................................................................ 3 ........................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................ 4 ........................................................................................................
1 What is a metal detector?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What does a metal detector consist of?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Where is the microprocessor?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
42
4 What is the antenna for?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What happens when the loop passes over the metal?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Can the depth of the searched object be found and measured?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex C T True or F false? Score ....../7 .......marks
1 A typical metal detector is quite heavy. The batteries are placed in the shaft. T F
2 The shaft can be adjusted according to the height of the operator. T F
3 The control box and the display unit can be separated in most models. T F
4 No audio signals occur when the detector passes over the searched object. T F
5 It is possible to detect the type of metal searched. T F
6 The stabilizer is optional and has no use. T F
7 A jack is a socket for connecting the metal detector to the electric grid. T F
Now correct the false ones. .......................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The search head senses the metal.
2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Yes, a jack can be connected to headphones.
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
An audible signal occurs.
4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Advanced metal detector displays recognize the kind of metal.
Mark .................................................................
43
teacher’s book
Unit 1 Simple machines Test 23

CECIL BOOTH AND THE FIRST VACUUM CLEANER
1 In 1900 the English engineer Cecil Booth was in a
restaurant in London, when suddenly he rose from his
upholstered chair, placed a piece of damp fabric on it and
began sucking. Then he looked at the resulting black ring of
dirt on the fabric with great satisfaction. Booth was trying to
prove to himself that suction was the best way to remove dirt.
2 He had got the idea at a London train station, where he
saw a machine used to clean railway carriages. The machine
used a huge blower to move the dirt from one end to the
The first vacuum cleaner Cecil Booth
other, and then out the door. Booth realized that the opposite
process was needed.
3 In 1901 he marketed a big red machine that was moved about on a horse-drawn cart.
4 Booth got great publicity for his machine when he cleaned the great blue carpet at Westminster Abbey after
Edward the Seventh’s coronation.
5 Yet Booth’s machine was still too expensive for everyday use. What it needed was a small electric motor.
6 His huge vacuum cleaner was used to suck microbes during the First World War, when soldiers died from
diseases due to harmful microbes and many lives were saved.
Ex A PARAGRAPHING. Match the following topics with the paragraphs of the reading above.
a ………… A prestigious performance for a royal event. d ………… Cecil Booth experiment in a public place.
b ………… How the machine was driven. e ………… Where Booth got the idea of a vacuum cleaner.
c ………… very useful application of Booth’s invention for f
A ………… The machine was too big and too expensive.
the Army. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 What did Cecil Booth do in a restaurant in London one day?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What was he trying to prove?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Where did he get the idea of the vacuum cleaner?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What was Booth’s big machine pulled by?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What did his invention get big publicity from?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What purpose was it used for, during the First World War?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
44
Unit 2 Complex machines Test 24
ELECTRIC RAZORS
Electric razors are essential devices not only for men, who can shave their beard and moustache in a minute,
but even for women, who can eliminate their unwanted hair. They consist of a rechargeable battery, a switch,
an electric motor and a gear system with blades. The batteries are connected to the printed circuit board, that
also contains the charging system, the contacts for the switch and the motor controller. There is also a very tiny
auxiliary printed circuit board that holds two LEDs. These LEDs indicate that the battery needs recharging,
that the razor is on, or that the razor is recharging. The razor consists of three rotating blades. The blades
engage on three shafts, all of which mesh with the motor’s gear in a direct-drive system.
1 What is an electric razor used for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What does it consist of?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Where is the motor controller?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What does the auxiliary printed circuit board contain?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What do the two LEDs indicate?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B T True or F False? Score ....../4 .......marks
1 The cutting tool consist of two blades. T F
2 The printed circuit board is directly plugged to the socket to get electricity. T F
3 There is just one printed circuit board. T F
4 The bigger printed circuit board contains only the motor controller. T F
Ex C Make sentences putting the words in the correct order. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 can / their / shave / men / moustache

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 system / blades / the / has / gear / three

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 printed circuit board / controller / the / contains / motor / the

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 can / on / LEDS / off / or / indicate

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
45
teacher’s book

TWO-STROKE ENGINE
Two-stroke engines have three important advantages over four-
Spark
stroke engines: plug
• Two-stroke engines do not have valves, which simplify their Exhaust
construction and lower their weight. outlet
• Two-stroke engines fire once every revolution, while four-stroke Piston
engines fire once every other revolution. This gives two-stroke Intake
fuel
engines a significant power boost.
• Two-stroke engines can work in any orientation, which can be
important in something like a chainsaw.
Crank
These advantages make two-stroke engines lighter, simpler and
case
less expensive to manufacture.
The combination of light weight and twice the power gives two-
stroke engines a great power-to-weight ratio compared to many four-stroke engines.
Ex A T True or F False? Score ....../4 .......marks
1 A four-stroke engine construction is less complicated than a two-stroke engine. T F
2 A two-stroke engine fires every other revolution. T F
3 A two-stroke engine is lighter and more handy than a four-stroke engine. T F
4 A four-stroke engine is used in most cars. T F
Ex B Write three comparisons between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine, about:
eg: Simplicity. A two stroke engine is simpler than a four stroke engine. Score ....../3 .......marks
Weight …………………………… Power boost …………………………… Cost ……………………………
Ex C Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../4 .......marks
1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
No, they don’t. This simplifies the construction and lowers the weight.
2 What type .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Chainsaws usually have two-stroke engines.
3 What type of ratio ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It has a very good power-to-weight ratio.
4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Car manufacturers usually install four-stroke engines.
Mark .................................................................
46
The car engine and car engine-related systems

1 Which are the four strokes of the Otto cycle?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What happens when the piston reaches the top of its stroke?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What is the crankshaft for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 How is the displacement measured?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 What is the boost?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Where does oil go after squirting into bearings and into cylinders?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Why is a catalytic converter added to the exhaust system?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 What does a battery supply electricity to?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B Fill in the table below using the following devices

and write what they are for.
Muffler, tailpipe, headlights, carburettor, starter solenoid, turbocharger, radiator, spark plug, oil sump
System Device Function

Cooling
Rotary compressor or pump that pressurizes engine intake air. It is driven by the
flow of exhaust gases. The increased pressure forces more air into the cylinder than
it could normally draw, allowing the engine to burn more fuel and in turn produce
more power.
It ignites the fuel mixture in each cylinder
Starting
It collects the lubricating oil
carburettor
Exhaust
In order to light the road
Mark .................................................................
47
teacher’s book
Unit 3 Engine systems Test 27

HYBRID CARS
Hybrid cars run on a gasoline engine as well as on an electric engine.

The gasoline engine is smaller than the engine in traditional cars and uses advanced technologies to reduce
emissions and increase efficiency. A fuel tank supplies petrol to the engine.
The electric motor on a hybrid car is very sophisticated. Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as well
as a generator. For example, when it needs to accelerate the car, it can draw energy from the batteries. But
acting as a generator, when the car slows down, it returns energy to the batteries. The batteries in a hybrid car
are the energy storage device for the electric motor.
Transmission can be done in series or in parallel.
Some hybrids, like the Honda Insight, have conventional transmissions. Others, like the Toyota Prius, have
radically different ones. In a parallel hybrid, both the engine and the electric motor can turn the transmission at
the same time, and the transmission then turns the wheels.
The only fault is the weight for so many devices.
Ex A Circle the WRONG one among a, b and c. Score ....../3 .......marks
1 A hybrid car uses

a electricity b gasoline c oil
2 The gasoline motor in a hybrid car is

a based on traditional technologies only
b quite small
c less polluting than conventional cars
3 The electric motor in a hybrid car

a can act only as a generator
b can act as a generator and as a motor, too
c uses advanced technologies
1 What are the advantages of the new technologies of the hybrid car gasoline engine?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What can the electric motor do?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What’s the difference between the series and the parallel hybrid?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What is the only disadvantage of a hybrid?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
48
Ex C T True or F false? Score ....../8 .......marks
1 Gasoline engines in hybrid cars don’t reduce emissions at all. T F
2 The electric motor acts solely as a generator. T F
3 Batteries supply the electric motor and are charged by it. T F
4 The Toyota Prius transmission system works like traditional cars. T F
5 Electronics allows the electric motor to act as motor as well as generator. T F
6 In a parallel hybrid the transmission is turned only by the electric motor. T F
7 Hybrid cars are too heavy because they contain too many elements. T F
8 Gasoline engines in hybrid cars use advanced technologies which increase efficiency. T F
Now correct the false ones. .................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It is smaller than that one in traditional cars.
2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
When the car slows down, it recharges the battery.
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It can be in series or in parallel.
4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It supplies fuel to the engine.
Mark .................................................................
49
teacher’s book
M odule 6 • Systems and automation

Unit 1 Automated systems Test 28
WHAT IS A SYSTEM IN TECHNOLOGY?
Ex A Fill in the gaps with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
A system is a 1 ................................................ of sets which are usually 2 ................................................ when working for a
specific 3 ................................................ . Some car burglar 4 ................................................ systems are very complex. They
have a tracking 5 ................................................ and a computer on board to connect to the 6 ................................................
station, so that the exact 7 ................................................ where the car is located can be easily detected.
a police b combination c function d radar e separate f place g alarm
Ex B Fill in the gaps with the words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
A system designer is a professional person who analyses the problems and designs the 1 ................................................ to
carry out.
The responsibility of 2 ................................................ in work places and any public place is up to the safety system
3 ................................................ . He and his 4 ................................................ organize the 5 ................................................ in case of fire.
The airplane 6 ................................................ uses information coming from flight instruments to make continuous
adjustments to the 7 ................................................ .
a team b system c controls d autopilot e plan f engineer g safety
AUTOMATION
Automation comes from mechanization, that is machines working instead of men and women. Automation
includes machinery able to make decisions and have a self-controlling system.
Nowadays, the advances in digital electronics and computer science permit: a) feedback control, b) machine
programming and c) decision making. Robots are more and more part of our lives and they can perform tasks,
thanks to a feedback system which allows them to regulate themselves and take decisions. Without a feedback
system, robots would be totally useless. The feedback system consists of performing operations in three steps:
measuring, evaluating and controlling. During the production process, each step is carefully controlled. Once a
semi-manufactured product has been checked by special sensors, information is sent back to a computer, which
compares data with those of the controller. If data meet the standard, the process goes on to the next step,
otherwise the by-product is eliminated.
1 What did automation originate from? .........................................................................................................................................................................
2 What does digital electronics allow? .............................................................................................................................................................................
3 Where do robots get the necessary information to take decisions? ...........................................................................................................
4 What are semi-manufactured products checked by? ..........................................................................................................................................
5 What happens if semi-manufactured products’ data corresponds to a standard? .............................................................................
6 What happens to a by-product if it doesn’t meet a standard? .....................................................................................................................
50
AUTOMATED SYSTEMS APPLICATION
D There are 9 mistakes in the passage regarding the use
of the plural. Find them out and circle them.
Nowadays an automated systems is used in factories to perform repetitive tasks that mans and womans normally
did in the past. We can find an automated system in supermarkets and in any place where a controlled system are
required.
The autopilots is an examples of an automated system. Instructions from flying instruments allow a plane to follow
presets routes.
Industrial robots are largely used in olds factories. They can perform tasks in sequence. Robots are becoming smarter
and smarter and now they can do more and more sophisticated operation.
HOW AN EPOS (Electronic Point Of Sale) TILL WORKS

The checkout point of a supermarket consists of a conveyor belt, a scanner, a till connected to the supermarket
server, a display for credit card operations and a security arch through which the client and the empty trolley
must pass.
1 Firstly, the checkout operator scans the item on the scanner point.
2 Secondly, the scanner reads the bar code.
3 Thirdly, it converts the bar code into an electrical pulse.
4 Then the scanner sends the pulses to the branch computer, which acts as a server.
5 After that, the computer searches the stock file for a product matching the bar code.
6 Then it records that the item has been sold.
7 After this, it sends the price and the description to the EPOS till.
8 Next the till shows the price on the digital display 9 and prints the receipt.
9 Finally you pay the bill by credit card or cash.
10 If you forget something in the trolley, the arch alarm will ring.
Ex E Now rewrite the above instructions in the passive form. Score ....../10 .......marks
1
Firstly, the item is scanned on the scanner by the checkout operator.
2
Secondly ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3
Thirdly ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
8 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
9
...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
10 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
11 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
FIRE EVACUATION PROCEDURE AT SCHOOL
During a fire, many people, especially children,

can panic. Making a Fire Safety Evacuation Plan
and practicing it twice a year can ensure that, if a
fire does strike, everyone will get out of a burning
building safely.
In school, fire safety is a very important issue. The
school management should take steps to prevent
fires and have the ability to quickly extinguish
small fires.
Dry chemical multi-purpose extinguishers which
can put out any type of fire, such as wood, liquid
and electrical fires, should be positioned on every
floor.
The computer rooms should also have
smoke detectors and a fire alarm. Of course, none
of this is of any use if the teaching staff and the
other workers do not know how to use the equipment.
That’s why once a year fire safety officers should conduct a training seminar and give practical experience to the
teachers in putting out a fire. It is also important to have an evacuation plan in case of a major fire in the school
grounds.
Some useful advice in the case of a fire:
• Don’t rush out into the hallway.

• Feel the door. If it is hot, use another way out.
• If the door is cool, go through it and reach the nearest exit.
• If your building has a public announcement system, listen carefully and follow directions. Never use an
elevator in case of a fire. Use the stairs.
• Close all the doors behind you to slow the fire’s spread. Get out and stay out.
• Go directly to your planned meeting place and stay there.
• If you think someone is trapped inside, inform the fire department.
1 What can a Fire Safety Evacuation Plan ensure? ....................................................................................................................................................
2 What should the school management do? ...............................................................................................................................................................
3 What is an extinguisher used for? ..................................................................................................................................................................................
4 How often should a training seminar be taken? ....................................................................................................................................................
52
B Match the beginning of each sentence in list A
with the correct ending in list B.
A B
1 Keep calm ............... a never use a lift.
2 If the door is hot, ............... b close doors behind you.
3 If you hear some recommendations ............... c is the meeting point from the loudspeaker.
4 If you are on the top floor, ............... d and don’t get into a panic.
5 Always use ............... e the stairs.
6 Don’t forget to ............... f don’t open it.
7 Once you are out, ............... g immediately inform the firemen.
8 The best place to go ............... h follow what is said.
9 If you know that someone is still inside, ............... i stay outside.
C GRAMMAR FOCUS. Future tense: choose the correct

Ex Score ....../12 .......marks
future tense given in brackets.
I’m so scared of fire that I’ve planned what to do in case of danger. I 1 .................................... (will / shall / ‘m not going) to
be taken aback (preso alla sprovvista), so I 2 .................................... (will not / will / shan’t) follow my personal plan, but the
school plan.
First of all I 3 .................................... (will / won’t / was) get into a panic and I 4 .................................... (won’t / will / ‘m going to)
look around me to find a way out. I 5 .................................... (won’t / will / shall) waste time and certainly I
6 .................................... (shall / won’t / will) forget to close doors behind me, so that flames and smoke 7 ....................................
(won’t / shall / are going to) spread out.

If someone 8 .................................... (will / won’t / is not going to) to get out because he/she is too scared to move, I
9 .................................... (‘m going to / won’t / will) try help by leading him/her outside.
As soon as I 10 .................................... (am / will be / shall be) outside, I 11 .................................... (will / won’t / ‘m going to)
reach the other people and the firemen. Only at this point I 12 .................................... (won’t / will / ‘m going to) feel safe.
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book

ADIDAS 1 – THE NEW “SMART SHOE”
“ADIDAS 1” running shoe holds

a microprocessor built around a motor
unit, along with a battery that must be
replaced after 100 hours.
“ADIDAS 1” is a sign of a growing

connection between sport and electronics.
And then... if you have enough money to
buy those expensive electronic sportswear
which can guarantee you the best
performances, you will have more chances
of winning competitions.
But... are you sure that you would play
fair?
“ADIDAS 1” is smart but not cheap! It

will be put on the market this winter, with a price tag of $ 250.
(Abstract from The New York Times 2005)
HOW IT WORKS
A microprocessor, embedded in the shoe’s arch, drives a tiny screw and cable system that
adjusts the heel cushion, based on signals sent back by a sensor attached to a magnet.
The system is powered by a battery that adjusts the shoe, while it is in the air during a
runner’s stride, and avoids resistance from the ground.
In short, the designers say, these shoes can do whatever is needed to improve athletic
performance. They sense their environment electronically, calculate how best to perform
in it, and then instantly alter their physical properties to adapt to that environment.
The entire assembly weighs no more than 40 grams – just 10 percent of the 400-gram
total weight of the shoe – to keep it light enough for distance runners.
Ex A Match words and phrases to their Italian translations. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 Play fair ........... a Andatura del corridore

2 Embedded ........... b Concorrere sportivamente
3 Screw and cable system ........... c Inserito
4 Heel cushion ........... d Sistema di fili e viti
5 Runner’s stride ........... e Cuscinetto del tacco
54
Ex B Choose among a, b or c. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 “ADIDAS 1” allows you to

a run less comfortably
b improve your performance
c avoid wearing socks
2 A microprocessor is
a attached to the upper part of the shoe
b tied up to the heel
c inserted into the heel
3 The microprocessor acts

a when the shoe doesn’t touch the ground
b when the runner is resting
c when the shoe touches the ground
4 “ADIDAS 1”
a adjusts to the environment
b adjusts to changeable weather
c adjusts to weight
5 “ADIDAS 1” is
a cheap b heavy c light
6 One battery lasts
a the time of a foot race b more than 80 hours c less than 80 hours
Ex C Complete the sentences with the verbs listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
Three years have been necessary to producers 1 ................................................................ “ADIDAS 1”, which is expected to be in
shops very soon. You need a tidy sum 2 ................................................................ “ADIDAS 1”, but you’ll have good chances to
win foot races as “ADIDAS 1” is designed 3 ................................................................ your best athletic possibilities. In fact,
4 ................................................................ athletes’ performances, “ADIDAS 1” uses electronics devices. A sensor attached to
a magnet transmits signals to a microprocessor through wires. The adjustments take place when the runner’s shoe
doesn’t touch the ground, and that in order 5 ................................................................ resistance from the ground.
“ADIDAS 1” is very light, and that 6 ................................................................ the runner not to carry extra weight. The only
problem is the cost, as “ADIDAS 1” is not cheap. Only if you have $250 7 ................................................................ for a pair of
shoes, you can buy them.
a to buy b to improve c to allow d to manufacture e to guarantee f to avoid g to pay
Mark .................................................................
55
teacher’s book

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
In Italy, RFID entered food departments in supermarkets in 2005. Cisco and Telecom entered firstly into
agreements. Coop and Conad were already using the “Shopevaluation” program called “Spesa & Vai”. A trolley
with a PC embedded, a video touch screen on it, helps customers to find out products included in their shopping
list and recorded on a special fidelity card. Any information concerning availability, price, department and shelf
where the product is situated, can be read on a small computer screen. When the product is put on the trolley
it is scanned to provide further information such as date of expiration, place of origin, promotions of the day, as
well as personalized messages. There are several ways to identify objects using RFID, the most common one is the
passive transponder, a tag with a microchip on it where all the information of a product are stored. This microchip
is attached to an antenna which allows the chip to throw identification information to a reader.
1 Which information can be read on the computer screen?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which information does the scanner provide when a product is put on the trolley?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Does the RFID system already exist in Italy?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What is the passive transponder?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Ask questions to the following answers:

1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
On a special fidelity card.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Spesa & Va.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It is scanned to provide further information.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
By means of a transponder.
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
To send identification data to a reader.
Ex C T True or F False, then correct the false one.
1 The trolley-embedded screen shows price and date of expiration T F
2 RFID technology allows you to do your shopping, while at home T F
3 The antenna reads the tag and sends data to the microchip T F
4 If you touch the screen, you can get the information T F

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
56
SMART CARD IN SUPERMARKETS
In Italy RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) has been
introduced in food departments in supermarkets since 2004.
Cisco and Telecom have entered into an agreement.
Coop and Conad have been using a “Shopevaluation” program
called “Spesa & Vai” for more than one year. A computerized
trolley with a PC embedded and a video touch screen on it to
help customers to find out products included in their shopping
list has become familiar in some supermarkets. Any information
concerning availability, price, department and shelf where the
product is situated can be read on a small computer screen.
Once the product has been put in the trolley and has been
scanned to provide further information such as date of expiration,
place of origin, promotions of the day, as well as personalized
messages, customers can avoid the cashier’s desk and pay for the
bill at the automatic desk by credit card without wasting time queuing.
Ex A Answer the following questions.

Score ....../6 .......marks
1 When was RFID introduced in supermarkets? .........................................................................................................................................................
2 How long have Coop and Conad been using a Shopevaluation program? ...........................................................................................
3 What has a computerized trolley got on it? .............................................................................................................................................................
4 What can be read on the small computer screen? ...............................................................................................................................................
5 What does the scanning system provide? ..................................................................................................................................................................
6 What can customers avoid at the checkout? ...........................................................................................................................................................
B GRAMMAR ACTIVITY. Change the verbs in brackets

into the first conditional.
eg: If everyone has a smart card, shopping will be quicker.
1 If RFID 1 ................................. (gain) ground, the bar code 2 ................................. (disappear) from supermarkets.
2 If there 3 ................................. (be) no microchips, there 4 ................................. (be) no identification.
3 If the reader 5 ................................. (not convert) the radio waves, no data 6 ................................. (to be sent) to computers.
4 If a trolley 7 ................................. (carry) a PC, shopping 8 ................................. (be) easier.
THE ROBOTIC ARM
Ex C Fill in the gaps with words listed below.

Score ....../7 .......marks
A1 ............................................. consists of 2 ............................................. metal segments, joined by
3 ............................................. joints.
Step motors are controlled by 4 ............................................. , which give them instructions on how to 5 .............................................
in exact increments. It has 6 ............................................. degrees of 7 ............................................. .
a computers b robotic arm c seven d freedom e six f move g six
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teacher’s book
Ex D Fill in the gaps with words listed below. Score ....../7 .......marks
A robotic arm performs three movements of the arm (shoulder, 1 ................................ ,2 ................................) and three
movements of the wrist (3 ................................ ,4 ................................ , roll).
The 5 ................................ can be a 6 ........................ ................................ ................ ,when it must grasp objects.
It can be a 7 ................................ , when it is used to paint cars, or it can be a suction cup, when it must suck dust or
wastes to clean the environment.
a pitch b end effector c wrist d spray painter e elbow f gripper g yaw
WHAT ROBOTS CAN DO
Mobile robots may replace people in a number of ways.

Some robots explore other planets or inhospitable areas on the Earth, collecting
geological samples. Others seek out mines in dangerous areas. The police sometimes
use mobile robots to search for a bomb, or even to catch a suspect.
Mobile robots also work in homes and businesses. Hospitals may use robots to
transport medication. Some museums use robots to patrol their galleries at night,
monitoring air quality and humidity levels. Several companies have developed robots
that will clean your house while you are sleeping.
E What can robots do? Match the tasks in list A with

the places in list B.
A B
1 They explore planets ............. a in war zones.
2 They collect samples ............. b in the environment.
3 They seek out mines ............. c in museums.
4 They search for bombs ............. d in houses.
5 They transport medication ............. e in the sky.
6 They patrol galleries at night ............. f in dangerous places.
7 They monitor air quality ............. g in geological areas.
8 They do the cleaning ............. h in hospitals.
Mark .................................................................
58
Unit 2 Industry and work organization Test 33
TAYLORISM
1 Taylor’s name is linked to the concept of scientific management. He studied the best method to induce
workers to perform tasks in the most efficient way. He especially studied how to eliminate non required and
useless movements in an assembly line.
2 He observed that, in general, workers, in repetitive jobs, work at the slowest rate. This slow rate of work is
especially due to the fact that, when they are paid the same wage, they work less.
3 Taylor introduced many concepts that were not widely accepted at the time. For example, he decided that
labour should include rest breaks so that the worker has time to recover from fatigue.
4 This principle is applied to the Army; in fact, during forced marches, the soldiers are ordered to take a
break of 10 minutes for every hour of marching. This allows for a much longer forced march than continuous
walking.
5 However, Taylorism ignores the fact that the economic interests of workers and management are rarely
identical.
6 Taylor believed that the worker who produces more must be paid more.
7 With the introduction of Taylor’s methods, workers worked harder, but became dissatisfied with the work
environment. Some have argued that this dissatisfaction led to the rise of Labour Unions.
A PARAGRAPHING. Match each paragraph of the

passage with the phrases below.
a ………… Workers’ benefits introduced by Taylor in terms of wages.

b ………… A main fact ignored by Taylorism.
c ………… Workers’ attitude towards Taylorism.
d ………… What Taylor observed and studied.
e ………… A practical change introduced by Taylor.
f ………… What Taylor studied.
g ………… Where the principle of Taylorism has been applied.
Ex B Complete the sentences by summarizing the main concepts. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Taylor studied ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Taylor observed ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Taylor introduced .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Taylor ignored .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Taylor believed ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Workers were .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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teacher’s book
Ex C Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
To the concept of scientific management.
2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
He observed that workers worked very slowly in repetitive jobs.
3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
It was applied to the Army.
4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
That workers and management have different interests.
5 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Workers who work more should be paid more.
AUTOMATED FACTORY ORGANIZATION (CIM, CAD, CAM)
D Complete the following sentences by using the hints given

in pairs.
1 A mainframe ................................................................ specialized computerized ................................................................
among departments in a factory.
2 Information processing is composed of ................................................................ which operate

in ................................................................ .
3 Batch mode means ................................................................ in ................................................................ .
4 CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) is a method for organizing

................................................................ and ................................................................ .
5 CAD (Computer Aided Design) is a ................................................................ that allows designers to

create ................................................................ .
6 CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) is a data processing assistance in preparing

................................................................ and ................................................................ for CNC machine tools.
a programs - batch mode b programs - information

c programs - production plans d connects - programs
e program - two and three dimensional shapes f operating - sequence
Mark .................................................................
60
Unit 3 Hints on industrial economics Test 34
Industrial Economics BSc (Business School course) UK Campus University of Nottingham
Type and duration: 3 year UG A level offer: AAB
Qualification name: Industrial Economics Required subjects: GCSE maths grade B or above
BSc Industrial Economics is a rigorous and comprehensive course in the application of economic theory to the
management of modern business. It concerns a wide-ranging economic analysis of the firm, its international
structure, markets and competitors as well as external economic environment. The economic approach to
business includes a choice of modules concerning management studies about strategy and marketing.
The first year of the course includes micro economics, entrepreneurship, the economics of decision making,
organizational studies, business computing and quantitative methods. There are also four optional modules.
Second-year studies include micro economics, the economics of innovation, the economics of pricing and
decision making, the economics of organization, international firms, quantitative methods and econometrics. In
addition there are five optional modules.
The final year includes industrial economics, the economics of regulation, corporate restructuring and economic
policy making. There are also six optional modules.
1 Where is the Industrial Economics BSc situated?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which subjects are required to be admitted?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What is the course about?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What does the first year course include?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Are there any optional modules in the second year?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Which modules are included in the third year?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Ask questions to the following answers: Score ....../4 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Three years.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It includes strategy and marketing.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Yes, it also includes business computing.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
There are four in the first year, five in the second and six in the last one.
Mark .................................................................
61
teacher’s book
M odule 7 • Mechatronics
Unit 1 Mechatronics Technology Test 35
Driverless car
A driverless car, also known as a self-driving car, or robotic car is an autonomous vehicle capable of sensing its
environment and navigating without human input. Robotic cars exist mainly as prototypes and demonstration
systems. In 2014, the only self-driving vehicles that are commercially available are open-air shuttles for
pedestrian zones that operate at 12.5 miles per hour (20.1 km/h).
Autonomous vehicles sense their surroundings with such techniques as radar, lidar, GPS, and computer vision.
Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as
obstacles. By definition, autonomous vehicles are capable of updating their maps based on sensory input,
allowing the vehicles to keep track of their position.
An increase in the use of autonomous cars would make benefits such as the following possible:
• Fewer traffic collisions.
• Reduced traffic congestion.
• Less parking scarcity, as cars could drop off passengers, park far away, and return as needed to pick up
passengers, as for example for the service of car sharing.
• Reduction of space required for vehicle parking.
• Reduction in car theft.
However some potential obstacles persist:
• Software reliability.
• Loss of privacy.
• Self-driving cars could potentially be loaded with explosives and used as bombs.
Ex A Ask questions to the following answers: Score ....../6 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Only in pedestrian zones that operate at 12.5 miles per hour.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
By radar, lidar, GPS and computer vision.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
They can update their maps and keep track of their position.
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Parking problems reduction as well as thefts.
6 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Yes, they could be used for terroristic attacks.
62
Ex B Answer the following questions: Score ....../7 .......marks
1 Could driverless cars affect privacy?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What can advanced control systems do?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Were these cars on the market in 2015?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What could be the advantages of the car sharing system by using driverless cars?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Can you list other possible advantages and disadvantages?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 Would you buy a driverless car?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Do you think you could even sleep during the journey?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
63
teacher’s book
Unit 2 Mechatronics applications Test 36

THE HEART PUMP – HOPE FOR HEART PATIENTS
Surgeons at John Radcliffe Hospital, in Oxford, successfully installed a permanent artificial heart pump during
a 14-hour operation, in the heart of 61-year-old Peter Houghton in June 2004.
Before the operation, Mr Houghton had been given just a few weeks to live.
The pump is attached to the left ventricle of the heart – the chamber that gives the heart most of its pumping
power when it contracts.
A power cable that supplies electricity to the pump comes out of the chest, up the neck of the patient and out
through the skull.
The wires are connected to a battery worn on the patient’s waist.
Mr Houghton changes the speed of his pump manually, depending on how much exercise he is taking.
The batteries, which are rechargeable, need to be changed every eight hours.
Heart surgeons believe the new pump could be a solution to the chronic shortage of hearts available for
transplantation.
1 Battery transmits power 3

to attachment on outside of skull
2 Attachment placed here
to reduce movement and infection
3 Wire zig zags through neck
to minimise stress on wires
4 Turbine propels oxygenated Aorta
blood around body
Left
ventricle 4
1
Battery
A Have a look at the picture, then complete the sentences

below choosing the correct verb in brackets.
1
A battery 1 .......................................... (sends / takes / reduces) power to 2 .......................................... (the left ventricle / an
attachment / the neck) which is 3 .......................................... (given / placed / stressed) outside the skull.
2 The attachment is necessary to 4 .......................................... (increase / decrease / give) movement and infection.
3 Wire is moving in order to 5 .......................................... (avoid / produce / stop) stress on wires.
4 Turbines 6 .......................................... (perform / place / push upwards) oxygenated blood around the body.
64
B Answer the following questions.
1 How long did the operation to implant the permanent artificial heart pump last?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 How long would the patient have lived without the operation?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What is the pump attached to?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Which parts of the body does the wire go through?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Where is the battery worn?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What can Mr Houghton do manually?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Which important problem could be solved thanks to the permanent artificial heart pump?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
C Match phrases in list A with phrases in list B to obtain

A B
1 Surgeons a is worn by the patient.
2 Peter Houghton’s life expectation b the speed of his/her pump.
3 The pump is connected c implanted an artificial heart pump.
4 A wire connects d are not sufficiently available.
5 A battery e was very short.
6 The patient can control f to the left ventricle.
7 The batteries g the chest, the neck and the skull.
8 Hearts for transplants h must be frequently recharged.
1 ................. 2 ................. 3 ................. 4 ................. 5 ................. 6 ................. 7 ................. 8 .................
Mark .................................................................
65
teacher’s book
Unit 3 Information Technology Test 37
DRONES
Drones are more formally known as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Essentially, a drone is a flying robot.
The aircraft may be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in
their embedded systems working in conjunction with GPS. UAVs have most often been associated with the
military field but they are also used for search and rescue, surveillance, traffic monitoring, weather monitoring
and firefighting, among other things. More recently, the unmanned aircraft have come into consideration
for a number of commercial applications. In late 2013, Amazon announced a plan to use drones for goods
delivery. The service, known as Amazon Prime Air, is expected to deliver orders inside a 10-mile radius within
30 minutes. In late 2012 Chris Anderson, Editor-In-Chief of Wired magazine, retired to dedicate himself to his
personal drones company named 3D Robotics. Personal drones are currently often used for aerial photography,
but the market and potential applications are both expected to expand rapidly. In the United States, the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) is developing regulations for the operation of unmanned aircraft.
1 What are UAVs?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What enables drones to fly?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What are they used for?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What did Amazon announce in 2013?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Who started the company 3D Robotics?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What is FAA studying in the USA?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Write 3 sentences. Give your personal opinion about: Score ....../3 .......marks
1 Drones in wars
2 Drones for rescue
3 Drones for civilian control
Mark .................................................................
66
E-Learning
E-learning allows you to study anywhere and usually at any time, as long as you have a properly
configured computer and/or a cell phone. It can be a very rich learning experience that can even be better than
training you in a crowded classroom, as it can be self-paced, that is adapted to your personal needs and times.
E-learning can be divided into four categories, from the very basic to the very advanced:
• Database knowledge - Databases on software sites offer explanations and guidance for software questions,
along with step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks. These are usually moderately interactive,
meaning that you can either type in a key word or phrase to search the database, or make a selection from an
alphabetical list.
• Online support - Online support is in the form of forums, chat rooms, online bulletin boards, e-mail, or
live instant-messaging support. Slightly more interactive than learning through databases, online support
offers the opportunity for more specific questions and answers, as well as more immediate answers.
• Asynchronous training - It involves self-paced learning, either CD-ROM-based, Network-based, Intranet-
based or Internet-based. It may include access to instructors through online boards, discussion groups and
e-mail. It may also be totally self-contained with links to reference materials in place of a live instructor.
• Synchronous training - Synchronous training is done in real-time with a live instructor facilitating the
training. Everyone logs in at a set time and can communicate
directly with the instructor and with each other. You can raise your
cyber hand and even view the cyber whiteboard. It lasts for a set
amount of time - from a single session to several weeks, months or
even years. This type of training usually takes place via Web sites,
audio- or video-conferencing, Internet telephony, or even two-way
live broadcasts to students in a classroom.
1 How can e-learning be better than learning in a classroom?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What do you have to do to learn from databases?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Why is online support more interactive?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What does asynchronous learning add to previous methods?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Is asynchronous learning done in real time?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 When is synchronous learning possible ?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 What can you do during synchronous learning meetings?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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teacher’s book
Ex B Match the following words with their definitions: Score ....../5 .......marks
a Cyber whiteboard b Real time c Database d Asynchronous e Self-paced learning
1 ……….............………… is information organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select pieces of
data.
2 ……….............………… refers to events simulated by a computer at the same speed that they would occur in real life.
3 ……….............………… operation means that a process operates independently of other processes.
4 ……….............………… is an interactive tool kit for teachers online.
5 ……….............………… Teach-yourself method of learning that is initiated and directed by the learner.
C Write down three sentences giving your opinion about:

1 e-learning
2 your personal experience
3 studying to get a University degree on line
Mark .................................................................
68
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
Bluetooth technology is a wireless standard developed by the Bluetooth Special Interest

Group (Bluetooth SIG), an industry association of electronics manufacturers. This
technology is of the last few years. The Bluetooth standard ensures that many different
types of devices with wireless capabilities (Bluetooth headsets, PCs with Bluetooth
cards, Bluetooth mobile phones, Bluetooth keyboards, Bluetooth handhelds, etc.) can
communicate with each other without the need for cables. Bluetooth devices usually talk
to each other automatically and seamlessly, that is, without any physical connection.
Bluetooth was named after the 10th Century Danish King Harold Bluetooth, who unified
several kingdoms under one flag. In fact the founders of the Bluetooth consortium
(including Nokia from Finland and Ericsson from Sweden) were referring to the fusion
of many competing standards under one international specification.
Ex A GRAMMAR. Insert modal verbs: can / be able to / must. Score ....../5 .......marks
The Bluetooth Technology 1 ......................................................... be used by users who wants to avoid the big
quantity of wires that 2 ......................................................... be connected in any PC. The Bluetooth technology
isn’t widely employed yet by the ordinary users and navigators. Nowadays we 3 .........................................................
avoid using wires that are sometimes difficult to manage, but in the near future, we 4 ......................................................... have
our computer and the many accessories connected to one another, wireless. We 5 ......................................................... accept
that a widespread application of the Bluetooth technology will take a some time.
1 What is the Bluetooth technology?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 How does it communicate?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 How recent is this technology?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 What does the word “Bluetooth” mean?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 How many devices with Bluetooth capabilities are named in the passage?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book

BAG2GO
20 JUNE 2013 FEATURE STORY

Airbus Company hopes to alleviate the stress of waiting in line at airports for luggage
check-in with innovative smart baggage designed to make air travel more efficient.
At the Paris Air Show, the Airbus Company presented the Smart Baggage concept –
a joint initiative among Airbus, the T-Systems global and IT Services companies, and
luggage manufacturer Rimowa. The smart luggage system – called Bag2Go – can be
controlled by a smartphone application and integrates electronic tagging for paperless
check-in, along with a scale to weigh luggage. Additionally, it is equipped for real-time
tracking and self-service drop off at the airport.
Bag2Go responds to the growing market trend in passengers preferring self-service
baggage systems – with 65 per cent of passengers interested in this airport convenience.
As the first digitally-enabled suitcase, Bag2Go will also offer benefits for airlines as
well, including reduced operating costs, fewer lost bags, and an entirely online check-in
for customers.
Ex A Ask questions to the following answers: Score ....../6 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
At the Paris Air Show.
2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Airbus, the T-Systems global, IT Services companies and the luggage manufacturer Rimowa.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Bag2go.
4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It is an electronic tag on the baggage controlled by an app on the smart phone.
5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
65% of passengers.
6 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Reduced operating costs, fewer lost bags, online check-in.
Ex B Write about an app that you use. Write about: Score ....../3 .......marks
1 Field of application
2 What you use it for
3 Some advantages
Mark .................................................................
70
M odule 8 • Civilization
Test 41
BRITISH EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH
The Victorian period formally began in 1837 (the year Victoria became Queen) and
ended in 1901 (the year of her death).
In 1882 Britain was the largest empire the world had ever seen. By the end of
Victoria’s reign, the British empire extended over about one-fifth of the earth’s
surface and almost a quarter of the world’s population because of its colonies.
By 1830, the British empire had, of course, existed for centuries, and had
already experienced periods of both prosperity and recessions. Perhaps the most
significant blow to its power occurred in the late 18th century with the successful
revolt of its 13 American colonies (War of Independence), an event which would
result in the formation of the United States as we now know it. During the 19th
century, the British empire extensively expanded its colonial presence in many
parts of Africa, in India, in the middle-east and in other parts of Asia giving birth
to the Commonwealth. This process has had many long-term effects, including the
increased use of the English language outside Europe and increased trade between
Europe and distant regions. It also, of course, produced some long-standing
animosity in colonized regions.
Gandhi’s India gained its independence in 1947 thanks to Gandhi’s non violent
disobedience movement. In the 1960s some African states also gained their
independence.
1 What was the extension of the British Empire at the end of Victoria’s reign?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 What happened in the late 18th century?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which continents were partly colonized by the British?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Why is the English language so widely spread?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Who was the man who led Indian people towards independence?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 When did African states gain independence?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
71
teacher’s book
Ex B T True or F False? Correct the false ones. Score ....../6 .......marks
1 Victoria died very young T F
2 In the 19th century Britain had a large Empire T F
3 The War of Independence was won by the English T F
4 Part of Africa was colonized by the British T F
5 English language is only spoken in the U.K. T F
6 Colonies never revolted against the British T F
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex C Fill in the gaps with verbs in simple past. Score ....../7 .......marks
1 Victoria’s reign .................................. (begin) in 1937.

2 Victoria never .................................. (see) the end of her Empire.
3 The American War of Independence .................................. (take place) between 1775 and 1783.
4 The first pioneers in the new continent .................................. (speak) English.
5 Gandhi .................................. (lead) his people.
6 Americans .................................. (win) the War of Independence.
7 The British Government .................................. (give) independence to most of its Commonwealth members.
Mark .................................................................
72
Test 42
ROMANTICISM IN VICTORIAN AGE
The Romantic period was largely a reaction against the ideology of the Enlightenment period that dominated
much of European philosophy, politics, and art from the mid-17th century until the close of the 18th century.
Whereas Enlightenment thinkers’ values were logic, reason, and rationality, Romantic values were emotion,
passion, and individuality.
These values manifested themselves in several important ways as listed below:
Art is the product of individual creation. Many Romantics considered the artist a genius or prophet.
Nature, rural life, and pastoral imagery were the main subjects for poetry.
Individual achievements were highly appreciated. This notion applies both to real people such as artists, writers,
military heroes, explorers, etc. but also to fictional characters. This tendency produced the notion of the “romantic
hero”, that is a rebel against conventional modes of behaviour and thought, a solitary man with some mysterious
background.
Many Romantic writers, especially poets, believed all people, regardless of wealth or social class, should be able
to appreciate art and literature, and artists should create art or literature accessible to everyone.
Ex A Write down questions for the following answers. Score ....../5 .......marks
1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It was a reaction against the ideology of the Enlightenment period.

2 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Their values were emotion, passion and individuality.

3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
They considered him / her a genius or a prophet.

4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
He was a rebel against conventional modes of behaviour and thought.

5 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Romantic writers thought that art should be accessible to everyone.
Ex B Complete with the correct preposition and adverb.
about - to (3) - in - with - from (3)
Romanticism was a shift ……...........…. faith in reason ……...........…. faith in the senses, feeling and imagination; a shift
……...........…. interest ……...........…. urban society ……...........…. interest in the rural and natural; a shift ……...........…. public
impersonal poetry ……...........…. subjective poetry and from concern ……...........…. the scientific to interest in the mysterious
and infinite. Romantics mainly cared ……...........…. the individual, intuition and imagination.
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
Test 43
LOUIS ARMSTRONG
THE GREATEST JAZZ VOCALIST AND TRUMPET PLAYER
Louis Armstrong, nicknamed “Satchmo”, was born on August 4th, 1901, in New
Orleans, Louisiana. He became famous in the 1920s and influenced countless musicians
with both his trumpet style and unique voice.
Armstrong had a difficult childhood. His father was a factory worker and abandoned
the family soon after Louis’s birth; his mother frequently left him with his maternal
grandmother because she had to go to work. Armstrong was obligated to leave school
in the fifth grade to begin working. A Jewish family gave young Armstrong a job
collecting junk and delivering coal. They also encouraged him to sing and often invited
him into their home for meals.
While he still had to work selling newspapers and delivering coal, Armstrong began
earning a reputation as a fine blues player. One of the greatest cornet players in town,
Joe “King” Oliver, a famous jazz cornet player and composer, began acting as a mentor
to the young Armstrong occasionally allowing him to play during his shows.
Renowned for his charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his
trumpet-playing, Armstrong’s influence extended well beyond jazz music, and by
the end of his career in the 1960s, he was widely regarded as a profound influence
on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first truly popular African-
American entertainers whose skin color was secondary to his music in an America that
was severely racially divided.
1 Who did Armstrong’s music influence?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Why did he have a difficult childhood?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 How did a Jewish family help him?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Who was Joe “King” Oliver?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 How did Oliver help Armstrong?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What was Armstrong considered in the 1960s?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 What was America like in the 1960s in terms of racial segregation?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
74
Ex B T True or F False?
1 Satchmo was born in a rich family T F
2 His mother abandoned him T F
3 He was forced to leave school T F
4 Nobody ever helped him T F
5 In the 1960s there was racial segregation T F
6 He found strong opposition because of his black skin T F
Now correct the false ones

.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex C Change the following sentences into negative form. Score ....../5 .......marks
e.g. Louis Armstrong was born in 1921

No, he wasn’t, he was born in 1901
1 His father was a farm worker

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 He attended High School

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 He collected papers and old dresses to earn a living

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Joe “King “Oliver was a famous singer

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Armstrong was one of the last truly popular African-American writer

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Mark .................................................................
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teacher’s book
Test 44
JAMES JOYCE
THE GREATEST IRISH WRITER
James Joyce (1882-1941) was one of the most preeminent Irish authors of the twentieth
century, well known for his literary innovation.
James Joyce was born in a suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Dublin is predominant in Joyce’s
writings. In 1887, his father became a tax collector but in 1893 Joyce’s father lost his job
and the family became poor .
Joyce studied at Clongowes Wood College from 1888 until 1892. When the family’s
financial state worsened, Joyce had to leave the school. In 1898, Joyce began studying
Italian, English and French at the University College in Dublin. At this time, Joyce also
began his entry into the artistic life of Dublin. His literary contributions appeared in
Fortnightly Review.
In 1904 James Joyce left Dublin with Nora Barnacle. The young couple moved to Zurich
where Joyce worked at the Berlitz Language School as an English teacher. Then he moved
to Trieste where he made friends with the Italian famous writer Italo Svevo.
He wrote many books, among them “ Dubliners” a collection of short stories where he
describes the life of people in his town.
In 1914 Joyce began the writing of Ulysses. It is a bulky novel, with very little punctuation
that relates to what happens inside and outside the main characters over 24 hours in
Dublin. In fact the novel’s events concern only one day. The date of this day is the
sixteenth of June 1904 which was personally significant since it was the date Joyce
abandoned Dublin with his wife. Ulysses depicts the huge quantity of thoughts and
feelings which pass through the mind of his characters in an innovative style which
influenced world literature.
Score ....../7 .......marks

Ex A Answer the following questions:
1 Where was James Joyce born?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Why did his family become poor?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Which literary review did he collaborate to?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Where did he find a job in Zurich?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
5 Who did he make friends with in Trieste?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
6 What does he describe in “Dubliners”?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
7 Which length of time does Ulysses describe?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
76
C Match words on the left with words on the right
Ex Score ....../10 .......marks
having the same meaning.
1 pre-eminent a magazine
2 collector b employed
3 worsen c job
4 review d voluminous
5 recruited e principal
6 bulky f meaningful
7 huge g deteriorated
8 main h gatherer
9 position i enormous
10 significant j leading
1....... 2....... 3....... 4....... 5....... 6....... 7....... 8....... 9....... 10.......
D Complete the passage with verbs in the box given

in scrambled order.
caused became moved published called started suffering appeared
At the beginning of the First World War, Joyce 1 ………...………… with Nora Barnacle to Zürich. In Zürich, Joyce
2 ………...………… to develop the early chapters of Ulysses, which was first 3 ………...………… in France because of
censorship troubles in Great Britain and the United States, where the book 4 ………...………… legally available only in
1933. In March 1923 Joyce started his second major work in Paris, Finnegan’s Wake, 5 which ………...………… chronic eye
troubles at the same time 6 ………...………… by glaucoma. The first segment of the novel 7 ………...………… in Ford Maddox
Ford’s transatlantic review in April 1924, as part of what Joyce 8 ………...………… Work in Progress. The final version was
published in 1939.
Mark .................................................................
77
teacher’s book
Tests keys
INTRODUCTION Indirect method: 1 sun - 2 wind - 3 sea - 4 tides
1 BILL GATES: a self-made man - 5 water
ExA: 4 - 3 - 6 - 1 - 7 - 2 - 8 - 5 ExD: 1b - 2a - 3b - 4c - 5a
ExB: 1f - 2e - 3g - 4c - 5b - 6a - 7d 10 Biodiesel
ExD: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5F ExA: 1T - 2F - 3F - 4F - 5T - 6T - 7F
11 Ethanol
MODULO 1 ExA: 1c - 2c - 3a - 4b - 5a
2 Unit 1 The origin of electricity 12 Unit 2 Application of Nuclear Radiation
ExB: 1c - 2d - 3a - 4b - 5c - 6a - 7d - 8c - 9c - 10c in Modern Industry
3 Unit 2 AC DC ExB: 1b - 2c - 3g - 4h - 5a - 6d - 7e - 8f
ExA:1b -2g -3e- 4a -5d- 6f -7c
ExB: 1b- 2f -3e- 4d- 5g -6a- 7c MODULO 3
ExC: 1c- 2a -3a- 4b- 5c 13 Unit 1 Newton’s three laws
ExD: 1d- 2f -3b- 4c -5e- 6a ExA: 1T - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6T - 7F - 8T
ExE: 1 more 2 higher 3 less 4 highest 5 the most 4....by the Sun’s gravity
4 The electric chair - Electronic wheelchairs 7 like Galileo
ExC: 5
.6mph = 9 km/h; 116 lbs = 52,617 kg.; ExB: 1f - 2a - 3c - 4b - 5d - 6e
24 inches = 60,96 cm ExC: 1 resistivity - 2 resistor - 3 conduct -
4 conductance - 5conductor - 6 capacitor -
5 Unit 3 How electromagnetism works - induced
7 induce - 8 inductance
current
ExD: 1e - 2a - 3c - 4d - 5f - 6b
ExA: 1h - 2c -3g - 4a - 5e - 6f - 7b - 8d
14 Unit 2 Alessandro Volta
ExB: 1b - 2a - 3b - 4b
ExA: 1 the pile - 2 a frog - 3 his tongue - 4 zinc and
ExD: 1 stationary - 2more - 3 secondary - 4 primary
silver - 5 a torpedo fish
- 5 higher - 6 sound vawes - 7diaphragm -
8 curent - 9 sound ExB: 3 - 5 - 1 - 8 - 7 - 9 - 2 - 6 - 4
6 Nicola Tesla ExC: 1b - 2d - 3f - 4a - 5g - 6c - 7e
ExA: IF - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5F ExD: 1c - 2g - 3d - 4a - 5f - 6e - 7b
ExB: 1e - 2c - 3g - 4d - 5a - 6f - 7b ExE: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5T
ExC: 1e - 2d - 3a - 4g - 5f - 6c - 7b 1Chemical Energy is converted into electrical energy
ExD: 3 - 1- 6 - 4 - 5 - 2 - 7 - 9 - 10 - 8 - 11 2…by connecting different metals
ExE: 1c - 2f - 3d - 4g - 5g - 6b - 6b - 8a - 9e Ex6: 1b - 2b - 3a - 4a - 5c - 6a
7 James Watt 15 The scientist - Volta - Electrolysis
ExB: 1 - 3 - 2 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 9 - 4 - 5 ExA: 1g - 2e - 3c - 4h - 5d - 6b - 7i - 8f - 9a - 10l
ExC: 6 - 4 - 5 - 1 - 7 - 8 - 2 - 3
MODULO 4
ExD: 1d - 2f - 3a - 4b - 5e - 6i - 7g - 8c - 9h
16 Unit 1 Tetra Pak protects food
ExE: 1d - 2f - 3h - 4a - 5b - 6e - 7g - 8c
ExB: 1 Does - 2 can - 3 can - 4 Does - 5 is
MODULO 2 17 Smart materials
8 Unit 1 C rude oil - The refining process - Solar ExA: 1d - 2f - 3c - 4a - 5b - 6e
energy - Solar cells ExB: 1F - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5T
ExA: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6T - 7F - 8T ExC: 1e - 2g - 3h - 4f - 5a - 6d - 7b - 8c
9 Renewable energy ExD: 1b - 2d - 3e - 4a - 5c
ExB: 1f - 2d - 3a - 4e - 5b - 6c 18 Unit 2 Under Floor Heating System
ExC: D
irect method: 1 collectors - 2 plants - 3mirrors ExB: 1T - 2T - 3F - 4F - 5F - 6T
78
Tests Keys
ExC: 1c - 2f - 3g - 4h - 5i - 6° - 7j - 8d - 9e - 10b MODULO 6
19 The Refrigerator 28 Unit 1 What is a system in Technology?
ExB: 1c - 2e - 3a - 4f - 5b - 6d ExA: 1b - 2e - 3c - 4g - 5d - 6a - 7f
20 Unit 3 Houses in Ancient Rome ExB: 1b - 2g - 3f - 4a - 5e - 6d - 7c
ExC: All false ExD: s ystems (system) - mans (men) - womans
ExD: 1d - 2e - 3b - 4g - 5c - 6h - 7a - 8f (women) - are (is) - autopilots (autopilot )-
examples (example) presets (preset) - olds (old)
21 Fernwärme in Wien
- operation (operations)
ExC: 1e - 2h - 3f - 4g - 5a - 6d - 7c - 8b
29 Fire Evacuation procedure at school
ExB: 1d - 2f - 3h - 4a - 5e - 6b - 7i - 8c - 9g
MODULO 5
30 Adidas 1 The new “smart shoe“
22 Unit 1 Metal detector
ExB: 1b - 2c - 3a - 4a - 5cv6b
ExA: 1 Stabilizer - 2 Control box - 3 Shaft - 4 Search
coil ExC: 1d - 2a - 4e - 4b - 5f - 6c - 7g
ExC: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5F - 6T - 7T - 8F 31 RFID
23 Cecil Booth and the first vacuum cleaner ExC: 1T - 2F - 3T - 4T
ExA: a4 - b3 - c6 - d1 - e2 - f5 32 Smart card in supermarkets
24 Unit 2 Electric Razors ExC: 1b - 2c - 3e/g - 4a - 5f - 6e/g - 7d
ExB: 1F - 2F - 3F - 4F ExD: 1e - 2c - 3a - 4g - 5b - 6f - 7d
ExC: 1
men can cut their whiskers - 2 the gear ExE: 1e - 2g - 3f - 4a - 5h - 6c - 7b - 8d
system has three blades - 3 the printed circuit 33 Unit 2 Taylorism
board contains the motor controller - 4 LEDS ExA: a6 - b5 - c7 - d2 - e3 - f1 - g4
can indicate on or off ExD: 1d - 2a - 3f - 4c - 5e - 6b
25 Two-stroke engine
ExA: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4T
26 The car engine related system MODULO 7
ExB: 36 Unit 2 The heart Pump - Hope for Heart Patients
System Device Function ExA: 1 sends - 2 an attachment - 3 placed -
Cooling Radiator It cools the water of the cooling
4 decrease - 5 avoid - 6 push upwords
system ExC: 1c - 2e - 3f - 4g - 5a - 6b - 7h - 8d
Air Turbocharger Rotary compressor or pump that 38 E-Learning
Intake pressurizes engine intake air. It
is driven by the flow of exhaust ExB: 1c - 2b - 3d - 4a - 5e
gases. The increased pressure 39 Bluetooth technology
forces more air into the cylinder ExC: 1c - 2b - 3c - 4b
than it could normally draw,
allowing the engine to burn more
fuel and in turn produce more MODULO 8
power. 41 Victoria’s Empire
Ignition Sparkplug It ignites the fuel mixture in each
cylinder ExB: 1F - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5F - 6F
Starting Starter The electronic switch that powers 42 Romanticism in Victorian Age
solenoid the motor ExB: 1g - 2e - 3b - 4h - 5j - 6c - 7i - 8d - 9° - 10f
Lubrication Oil sump It collects the lubricating oil
ExC: F rom… to… from… in… to… from… to…
Fuel Carburettor It mixes fuel and air
with… about
Exhaust Tailpipe It permits exhaust gases to leave
Muffler the car 43 Louis Armstrong
Electrical Headlights In order to see the road in the dark ExB: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6F
27 Unit 3 Hybrid cars 44 James Joyce
ExA: 1c - 2a - 3a ExB: 1j - 2h - 3g - 4a - 5b - 6d - 7i - 8e - 9c - 10f
ExC: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6F - 7T - 8T
79
teacher’s book
Mock Tests
A microchip for dogs (112 words) MT 1
The AVID (American Veterinary Identification Devices) microchip is a tiny computer

chip which is inserted in a strong biocompatible glass, and is small enough to fit into a
hypodermic needle.
It is inserted deep under the skin of an animal, which can then be identified throughout
its life by its number. Its identification chip cannot be lost, altered or intentionally
removed and lasts over 25 years.
A special scanner is used to send a radio signal through the skin of the animal order to
read the chip. The microchip sends its number back to the scanner and it appears on
the screen.
The microchip has no power supply, battery or moving parts.
A
Ex Choose a, b or c.
1 An AVID microchip
a is very small
b can be dangerous
c is visible
2 An AVID is inserted
a just under a dog’s hair
b very deep under a dog’s skin
c into a dog’s leg
3 The chip is read
a by a scanner
b thanks to radio signals
c thanks to a battery
Ex B Answer the following questions.

1 Where is the microchip put into?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Does a microchip last more or less than a dog’s average life?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Can the identification chip be taken out?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Score .................................................................
80
Mock Tests
Oil platform (107 words) MT 2
(From Wikipedia)
An oil platform is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed
to drill and then produce oil (and often natural gas as well) in the ocean. A
platform may be attached to the ocean floor, or it may consist of an artifical
island, or it may be floating.
Generally, oil platforms are located on the sea where waters are not very deep
though, as technology improves, drilling wells in ever deeper waters is becoming more
feasible and economic.
A typical platform may have around thirty wells placed on the platform and other
wells at remote positions maybe up to five miles from the platform.
Ex A Ask questions to the following answers.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
About thirty wells.

2 How far ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
Up to five miles.
3 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
To house workers and machinery.

4 ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................?
It may be an artificial island.
Ex B T (true) or F (false)?
1 Oil platforms are situated on land. T F
2 Wells can only be located on a platform. T F
3 Drilling technology is getting cheaper. T F
Score .................................................................
81
teacher’s book
The sound (133 words) MT 3
Sound waves can travel through any medium: gas, liquid or solid. Sound travels
fastest in solids and slowest in gases. If the particles of the medium are
disturbed, they must be able to return to their original position easily.
Solids are generally more elastic than either liquids or gases.
Particles in solids do not move very far and bounce back and forth very
quickly as the sound wave goes by. Sound then travels more easily through solids
than through liquids or gases that are not too elastic. Gases are even less
elastic than liquids. So gases are the poorest transmitters of sound.
The speed of sound is slower in denser materials, such as lead and gold; much
less than the speed of sound in steel or aluminium which are more elastic.
Ex A T (true) or F (false)?
1 Sound waves can travel very easily through more elastic solids. T F
2 Solid particles cannot move easily and don’t bounce at all. T F
3 Gases do not transmit sound well. T F
4 Sound transmission is slow in lead and gold. T F
5 The fastest speed of sound is in denser solids. T F
Ex B Answer the following questions.

1 What happens to the particles of a solid crossed by sound waves?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Why are steel and aluminium good sound transmitters?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 What are the worst media of sound transmission ?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Score .................................................................
82
Mock Tests
Robots in automated manufacturing (100 words) MT 4
Robots can be used in many fields of manufacturing: materials handling and

transfer, processing operations, assembly line and inspection. The pick and
place robot is equipped with a gripper to grasp objects and carry them to the
CNC machine tools to be machined.
In processing operations, robots do the job, which can be dangerous for human
health, by manipulating tools such as spot welding, spray painting, polishing. In
assembly lines, robots assemble motors, components and so on. Robots can even
be fitted with sensors and transducers to control if each processing operation
corresponds to the target, in the inspection field.

1 What does the “pick and place“ robot do?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Why are robots fitted with sensors?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 In which fields of manufacturing can robots be used?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ex B Choose among a, b or c.
1 Materials handling and transfer in manufacturing means
a picking up objects and placing them in another position to be machined
b handling product waste to be sold
c transferring items from shelf to shelf in the supermarket
2 CNC machine tools are

a machine tools which are numerically controlled by computers
b machine tools which are not controlled by any computer program
c machine tools which work autonomously by using alphabetic controlled programs
3 Some jobs, in manufacturing, are considered dangerous for human health because
a workers are obliged to work long hours without rest
b the working environment can be poisonous, due to special spray painting
c workers refuse to wear proper helmets and shoes
4 Tests for quality control can be done by robots

a by using cutting tools to separate parts
b by moving objects from one position to another
c by using sensors and transducers to check c work-in-progress
Score .................................................................
83
teacher’s book
Power plants (105 words) MT 5
To produce electricity a power plant needs a system of turbines which usually are
driven by steam.
Steam moves the turbine blades, letting them rotate around a shaft, which is
connected to the generator. The rotary motion of the shaft is turned into
electricity in the generator. Electricity is transformed by step up or step down
transformers and then sent to the grid, ready for the transmission to the user.
Steam is produced by boiling water. Different energy sources can be used to heat
water: gas, oil, coal, water, geothermal energy and nuclear energy coming from
the nuclear reactor, where the uranium atoms are split.

1 How is electricity produced by steam?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 Which energy sources can be used to get steam?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 How is electricity changed and transported to the users?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 In your opinion, which energy source is the most polluting?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1 Turbines are devices which transform thermal energy into rotational. T F
2 Step up transformers increase the voltage. T F
3 Hydroelectricity uses the kinetic energy of falling water to move the turbines. T F
4 The nuclear reactor gives off nuclear radioactive waste, which can be easily dismissed. T F
Score .................................................................
84
Mock Tests
Alternative fuels (141 words) MT 6
Alternative fuels are vehicle fuels that are not made from petroleum. The United States
Department of Energy officially recognizes the following fuels as alternative fuels.
Alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, are biofuels, that is liquid fuels coming
from the combustion of biomass. Ethanol comes especially from corn.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is natural gas under high pressure and can be
transported by ships. Electricity stored in batteries is considered a good alternative to
drive electric cars in cities, without considering how it is produced. Hybrid cars use
both alternative and traditional fuels.
USA has invested a lot in research on hydrogen as fuel for fuel cells to produce
electricity.
Biodiesel, very similar to diesel fuel, but made from plant oil or animal fat, can be
used as additive.
Alternative fuels permit to reduce gasoline and diesel consumption and
environmental pollution.

1 What are biofuels?
.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 How is hydrogen used as fuel?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 Why is the research for alternative fuels important?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
4 Where does biodiesel come from?

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1 Burning biomass, such as wood, can be polluting for the environment, as it produces fumes. T F
MOCK TESTS KEYS

MT1: 1a - 2b - 3a MT4: 1a - 2a - 3b - 4c
MT2: 1F - 2F - 3T MT5: 1T - 2T - 3T - 4F
MT3: 1T - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5F MT6: all true
Score .................................................................
85
teacher’s book
Solutions
INTRODUCTION E.: Can you spell your surname, please?
S.: Of course, S-P-A-Z-I-A-N-I.
FACEBOOK
E.: OK, Mr Spaziani. In case you want to contact the Agency by
ExF: of - as - of - with - of - by - by - without phone, ask for Mrs Rachel Robertson, which is me.
Just for fun pag. 18 S.: Thank you, Mrs Robertson. Bye.
web - wet - net - nut - put - but - cut - cot - com E.: You’re WELCOME, Mr Spaziani. Bye.
2 What is social networking UNIT 2 ELECTRICITY APPLICATIONS

Before reading 1 Electric current
1a - 4b - 5c - 6a - 7b - 8a - 9c - 10b ExB: quicker - slower - more tigthtly - higher
2.1 Social networking architecture 2 Simple electric circuit
ExB: 1f - 2h - 3g - 4e - 5d - 6a - 7c - 8b 1b - 2a - 3c - 4a - 5b - 6b - 7a - 8c - 9b - 10b - 11a -
12c - 13b - 14c - 15a - 16b
ExD: 1d - 2b - 3a - 4b - 5c - 6d
ExB: 1 Volmeter - 2 Resistance - 3 Ammeter -
4 Transformer - 5 Rheostat - 6 Conductor -
MODULE 1 Electricity
7 Generator
UNIT 1 THE ORIGIN OF ELECTRICITY
ExC: 1 Three cell battery - 2 on the left - 3 open - 4 on
1 Conductors, insulator and semiconductors the left - 5 at the bottom - 6 on the right - 7 a 2Ω
ExA: 1a - 2b - 3c - 4a - 5b - 6a - 7c - 8a - 9b - 10b - 11b - 12a resistor - 8 voltmeter
Just for fun pag. 27 3 AC- DC
Atoms are different from ions ExA: 1a - 2c - 3b - 4c 5b
Track 2
6 The grid
Communication skills pag. 30 ExA: 1g - 2a - 3f - 4d - 5c - 6h - 7i - 8b - 9j - 10e
A phone call of a student to the Wind Travel Agency
Employee: Wind Travel Agency. Good morning. 6 Lighting engineering
Student: GOOD MORNING. My name is Marco Spaziani. I’m
ExA: 1d - 2g - 3f - 4a - 5e - 6c - 7b
calling from Italy.
E.: What can I do FOR YOU, Mr Spaziani? 12 Lighting system to save energy
S.: I’m a student at the Mechanics High School. I need some
information. ExA: All true
E.: What kind of INFORMATION do you need? A All true - B Al true - C All true - D All True
S.: I’d like to spend a couple of months in Ireland NEXT
SUMMER in order to practise the language. What I need is UNIT 3 ELECTROMAGHETISM
accommodation and possibly A JOB, so that I can have Hans Cristian Oersted
enough to live on.
E.: Well, Mr Spaziani, we have some CONVENIENT offers. You ExB: 1c - 2e - 3f - 4h - 5g - 6° - 7d - 8b
can rent a flat, but that would be quite expensive for a stu- ExC: All statements are true
dent. I suggest, instead, TO SHARE a flat with other students ExD: 1e - 2c - 3a - 4d - 5f - 6b
that would be cheaper. We have quite a number of requests.
S.: I guess that SHARE a flat would be OK. What about prices? How electromagnetism works
E.: The cost for an average flat is normally 500 pounds PER
WEEK. Our flats are all two-room apartments with kitchen-
ExA: m
agnetic - wire - compass - current - needle -
ette and BATHROOM. They can lodge up to 3 students. direction - opposite
S.: Where are your flats situated? ExB: 1b - 2e - 3f - 4a - 5i - 6g - 7h - 8c - 9j - 10d
E.: All our flats are situated not far from the CENTRE of Dublin.
S.: The price is OK. What about a job? 5 Michael Faraday
E.: What type of job are you interested in? ExB: 1 x, which, when; 2 if, and, so that, x 3 if, then 4 x,
S.: I’d like to work in a shop, possibly an household APPLIANCES if, and
shop, as I’ve some experience in the field.
E.: Well, Mr Spaziani, I’ll let you know if we can MEET your needs 6 Induced current
about the job as well. If you can give me your e-mail address,
ExA: 1a - 2c - 3b - 4b - 5c
I’ll send you all the information AS SOON AS I get it.
S.: My e-mail address is marco.spaziani@tiscali.it (marco dot ExB: 1 for measuring potential differences between two
spaziani at tiscali dot it). points in volts
86
Solutions
2 Is for measuring in amperes the magnitude of Just for fun pag. 88
electric current flow kinetic - iron - nail - energy - turbine - installing - coal -
3 Is for resistance measuring power - ore - watt - empty - rotate
4 is for measuring resistance in megaohm KINETIC POWER
5 is for measuring electric current in magnetic field
10 The microphone MODULE 2 ENERGY SOURCES
ExB: 1 generator - 2 step up tansformer - 3 alternator - UNIT 1 CONVENTIONAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY
4 microphone - 5 loudspeaker - 6 dynamo - 7 step SOURCES
down transformer
2 What is energy
Just for fun pag. 66
ExB: 1T - 2T - 3F - 4F - 5T
Coil’s voltage depends on diaphragm
3 Crude oil
UNIT 4 ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION 1F - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5T - 6T
Just for fun pag. 71 5 What is shale gas?
Movement - army - changes - harsh - introduced - Ned -
England ExB: 1e - 2f - 3g - 4a - 5d - 6b - 7c
MACHINE 5.1 Fracking tecniques and consequences
3 The steam engine ExB: 1h - 2e - 3g - 4f - 5j - 6d - 7i - 8a - 9c - 10b
ExA: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5F 5.2 Shale gas in Italy
ExB: 1i - 2e - 3g - 4j - 5b - 6h - 7c - 8f - 9a - 10d ExB: 1c - 2d - 3a - 4b - 5d - 6c - 7a - 8b - 9c - 10d
4 Warm-up activity in the world of electricity production Just for fun pag. 102
ExA: a4 - b6 - c9 - d7 - e1 - f10 - g8 - h6 - i2 - j3 Oil - unit - total - end - renewable - coil - origin -
Just for fun pag. 76 reservoir - example = Outercore
C H I M N E Y 9 Solar cells
H I N ExB: 1c - 2f - 3g - 4a - 5i - 6b - 7j - 8e - 9d - 10h
A N G A S E S
11 Semiconductor materials: silicon in solar cells
M E I P
ExA: 1F - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5T - 6F
B R N I
E S T E A M N
12 Describing a solar cell
ExB: a4 - b8 - c5 - d1 - e3 - f9 - g10 - h2 - 16 - j7
R N
S Y S T E M I
UNIT 2 NUCLEAR POWER
N
3 Via Panisperna Boys
M I X I N G
ExB: 1b - 2d - 3a - 4h - 5e - 6i - 7c - 8f - 9g
6 The hydroelectric power station
ExB: 1dl - 2ej - 3gh - 4fm - 5bn - 6qk - 7ci
D I O D E D S A
ExC: 1c - 2a - 3d - 4e - 5b - 6g - 7f
C O I L U N I T
ExD: Water is channelled - towards turbines - which
C R E P E L O
drive a generator - that produces electricity -
Electricity goes to the grid - and supplies users O S E M F W M
P A C E C I S
7 The windmill
L A T N A R
ExA: 1F - 2T - 3T - 4F
A C T A B L E S
ExB: a4 - b3 - c5 - d1 - e2
M E A N S L O S T
ExD: 1e - 2j - 3g - 4i - 5h - 6k - 7c - 8a - 9d - 10b - 11f
P I S E A E
9 Biogas
S R O C K D P
ExA: 1a - 2c - 3b - 4d
87
teacher’s book
MODULE 3 PHYSICS AND SCIENTISTS 5 Batteries

UNIT 1 T
HE LANGUAGE OF PHYSICS AND ExB: 1c - 2d - 3b - 4a
MATHEMATICS
6 Electrolysis
1 Newton’s three laws ExA: a./b. sodium chlorine - c. copper sulphate
ExA: 1c - 2b a - 4a - 5a - 6b - 7a - 8c - 9a - 10a - 11b ExB: 1c - 2d - 3e - 4a - 5b
ExB: 1ST law: Inertia 7 - 2nd law: Acceleration 1,3,4 - 3rd ExC: 2 it dissolves - 3 an electric current is passed -
law Interaction 2,5,6. 4 pure copper is obtained - 5 copper anode is taken
ExD: 1e - 2d - 3b - 4a - 5c into solution
ExE: 1
moves - 2 is suspended - 3 breaks, strike it - Just for fun pag. 152
4 extends, suspended - 5 push, slide backwards -
M A G N E T L O A D
6 pushed
O T W E N E R G Y
ExF: 1c - 2d - 3a - 4b - 5e
L O W R A Y S E
ExG: 1 down - 2 off - 3 behind - 4 up - 5 down -
6 downwards E M I T R L E N D
Just for fun pag. 134 C R G O A T

Newton was a famous Englishman U S E N A N O
4 Resistance and resistivity L U G A S C M
ExA: 1d - 2b - 3a - 4c - 5f - 6g - 7e - 8h - 9J - 10i E N O L S O L A R
ExB: Va – Vb R 1 N U C L E O U S
1. =R 2. R = 3. R = ρ
I I s S T E E L T E S U
emf Just for fun pag. 155
4. I = 5. V = I ∙ R
R Wares - wires - fires - finer - miner
ExC: 1a - 2f - 3e - 4b - 5d - 6c
7 The Quantum Theory
ExD: 1e - 2g - 3d - 4h - 5a - 6b - 7j - 8c - 9i - 10k - 11f
- 12l - 13m ExA: 1a - 2c - 3a - 4b - 5c - 6b - 7a - 8b - 9a - 10c
ExB: 1e - 2h - 3i - 4a - 5f - 6g - 7d - 8b - 9c
5 Relation between conductors and resistance
ExA: 1. less 2. the same - less resistance 3. higher, Track 8
resistance 4. Higher Communication skills pag. 156
ExB: 1.1 - 2.2 - 3.4 - 4.3 A telephone call. Listen and fill in the gaps.
ExC: 1.a the resistance - b. proportional - c. the EMPLOYEE: Wind Travel Agency, good morning.
resistance decreases - 2.a the wire, the resistance STUDENT: Good morning, my name is Marco Spaziani, I’M
- b. directly proportional - c. the length of a wire, CALLING from Italy. May I speak to Mrs Robertson, please?
the resistance - 3. resistance, higher - b. directly E.: I’m sorry Mr Spaziani, Mrs Robertson is not in HER OFFICE at
proportional - c .resistance, increases. the moment.
S.: That’s a problem, as I’m waiting for some information con-
UNIT 2 FROM PHILOSOPHY TO EXPERIENCE cerning a POSSIBLE ACCOMODATION and a job in Dublin for
next summer.
1 Positivism E.: Oh yes, Mr Spaziani, Mrs Robertson told me about that! I’m
ExB: 1c - 2d - 3a - 4e - 5b glad to tell you that SHE FOUND you a good accommodation
together with two MALE STUDENTS in a three-room apartment,
2 Alessandro Volta not far from the centre of Dublin.
ExA: 1b - 2d - 3a S.: Good! That’s exactly what I need. BY THE WAY, Mrs Robertson
also told me something about prices.
3 Galvani’s Theory and Frankenstein E.: The flat would cost 500 euro per week, to be shared with THE
ExA: 1d - 2g - 3e - 4f - 5h - 6a - 7b - 8c OTHER STUDENTS, of course.
S.: That’s OK. What about a possible job? Could you find any-
4 The Leclanché cell thing?
ExB: Labelling: a. a brass cap - b. carbon rod - c. zinc E.: Your form is on my desk, Mr Spaziani. As I can see, you are
interested in working in a shop, a HOUSEHOLD appliances shop.
container - d. sealing compound - e. depolizer -
S.: Yes exactly, that’s what I’m looking for, as I’m especially inter-
f. electrolyte ested in mechanics, which is also my COURSE of studies.
ExC: 1e - 2d - 3b - 4a - 5c E.: Well, I can see that a temporary post in a household appli-
88
Solutions
ances shop is AVAILABLE . Unfortunately I can’t read where the ExB: 1b - 2c - 3a - 4b - 5b
shop is located as Mrs Robertson’s writing is TERRIBLE. I’ll send
ExC: 1c - 2i - 3° - 4f - 5h - 6b - 7d - 8e - 9g
you an e-mail with more precise details.
S.: I’ll wait for your e-mail, then, bye Mrs...? 4.4 Classification of materials in mechanical
E.: My name is Chapman, Mrs Chapman.
engineering
S.: Bye, Mrs Chapman, thank you.
E.: You’re welcome, Mr Spaziani, goodbye. ExA: 1T - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6F - 7F - 8T
ExB:
Track 9
Engineering materials
General test pag. 157
1b (molecule) - 2c (gravitation) - 3c (450grams) - 5c
(yards) - 5b (Renato Dulbecco) - 6d (fiction) - 7a (steel) -
8c (Ammeter) - 9b (Alessandro Volta) - 10a ( radar) - 11c
metals non-metals
(in the USA in 1954) - 12c (Thomas Alva Edison)
MODULE 4 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES

non ferrous ferrous metals ceramics plastics
UNIT 1 MATERIALS SCIENCE AND EGNINEERING
2.1 Disciplines of mechanics
ExC: 1d - 2c - 3b - 4d - 5c - 6a - 7c - 8c - 9d - 10d
copper bronze brass iron steel thermoplastics thermosets
2.2 The mechanical engineer’s tasks
ExB: 1f - 2d - 3e - 4b - 5c - 6a 5 Advanced materials in the Batsuit
ExA: a4 - b9 - c8 - d3 - e2 - f5 - g1 - h7 - i6
3 Leonardo the greatest mechanical engineer
ExA: a5 - b7 - c6 - d1 - e3 - f2 - g4
Track 11
4.3 Material science and engineering
ExA: 1d - 2b - 3f - 4g - 5a - 6e - 7c - 8d Batman’s suit pag. 178
ExB: 1F - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5T ExB: Listen and complete the passage.
Just for fun pag. 173 Batman’s under wear is all black and it is made of NEOPRENE
Stonehenge is one of Britain’s most famous ancient similar to a diver’s suit. The under wear is WATERPROOF and
can regulate temperature keeping the body from freezing.
places. It was built in honour of the sun or to bury great
The OUTERWEAR is composed of six main pieces. Special
kings gauntlets made of BRASS are a powerful defensive WEAPON
All materials own some mechanical properties against swords and knives.
The cowl contains MICROPHONES and a radio antenna so that
4.4 C
lassification of materials according to the he can easily monitor police and emergency-services.
atomic structure The cape is made from NYLON DERIVATIVE. An electric charge
is applied to the FIBRE. This special cape allows Batman to fly.
ExA: The utility belt has a FLEXIBLE FIBRE OPTIC periscope, spikes for
Category Materials Qualities climbing and a mini CELL PHONE.
Metals Aluminium Strong The new Batman can be considered even more unbeatable than
Steel Good electricity the previous one, thanks to the advanced technology he has
Brass Heat conductors
Gold
at his disposal.
Semiconductors Si, Ge, Opaque to visible
light
transparent to infrared Cape - case - care - dare - date - rate - rite - site - bite -
Ceramics Glass bits - bats
Porcelain
Many minerals
8 Intelligent limbs for the victims of landmines
Polymers Nylon Decompose at
Teflon moderate temperature ExA: 1b - 2d - 3e - 4a - 5c
Polyester lightweight
Rubber
ExB: 1b - 2g - 3d - 4a - 5f - 6c - 7e
Composites Fibreglass Not bonded microstructure 1c - 2f - 3a - 4e - 5g - 6b - 7d
Concrete
Wood 10 Smart materials
Biomaterials Any type Biocompatible ExA: 1e - 2g - 3h - 4f - 5a - 6d - 7b - 8c
89
teacher’s book
ExB: 1F - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5T 2.2 How a window air conditioner works

ExC: 1d - 2f - 3c - 4a - 5b - 6e ExA: 1d - 2a - 3e - 4f - 5c - 6b
Track 12 Just for fun pag. 196

1 2 3
C O M P R E S S O R
Communication skills pag. 187
O R A
Marco Spaziani is in Dublin and meets Mrs Smith, his
4
employer. O E V I
5
MARCO SPAZIANI: Good morning, madam. L S E A S
MRS SMITH: Good morning. May I help you?
S S X L E
M.: I’m the Italian student SENT by the Agency.
S.: Oh, I see. Nice to meet you, Marco. Your name is Marco, 6
B T U P V
isn’t it? 7 8
M.: Yes, Marco, Marco Spaziani. R A R E P
S.: Well Marco, this is the place where YOU WILL BE WORKING 9
F R E O N U
for a couple of months. I was told that you have some experi- 10 11
ence in the field. L S T E A M
M.: Yes I have worked in an HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES shop 12
O I L I M P
C
and I also have some experience in repairing electronic appli-
ances. W O F
S.: As you can see, we sell any type of household appliances: 13
S F A N
from vacuum cleaners to any type of big and small electronic
appliances. Our customers are especially ELDERLY PEOPLE who
are quite demanding. You certainly know that nowadays peo-
ple are always in search of the most sophisticated devices and UNIT 3 CIVIL ENGINEERING
the latest models.
M.: Your shop is really well supplied, I’ll be happy to work here. Track 13
S.: I’m glad you appreciate it. Has the Agency told you about
your TIMETABLE and pay? 1. The Roman Aqueducts pag. 198
M.: Actually, they said I have to talk to you about it. Listen and fill in the gaps.
S.: We open at 9am. and close at 5 pm. Your SHIFT will be from The Romans used great public projects to make the city THE
9 am to 1pm. Another student will be here for the second shift. MOST ADVANCED of the ancient world, and to create the
Of course, during the first week I’ll be here to HELP you. largest empire of the era.
M.: That’s OK. Many of the roads, bridges, and aqueducts of ancient Rome
S.: Your pay will be 70 pounds a WEEK. Is it all right? are still used today.
M.: That’s all right, thank you, Mrs Smith. Nine aqueducts provided the Roman people with 38 million
S.: So, just to BREAK THE ICE, what about a cup of tea? gallons of water EVERY DAY. Parts of the Roman aqueduct
M.: Yes, please. I’d love one. system still supply water to fountains in Rome.
Roman aqueducts exploited the principles of gravity in order
UNIT 2 THERMOTECHNICS to deliver WATER TO THE CITY. Water, collected from a source,
traveled through a closed conduit, usually subterranean, to
1.1 What is sound? distribution tanks (castella) . These tanks were the areas from
which water could be channelled to public collecting tanks.
ExA: 1b - 2a - 3d - 4c
Water lines were also carried through arcades .
ExB: c, b, a IN ORDER TO REMOVE impurities from the water, some tanks
ExD: (piscinae) were installed at various points between the source
and the distribution tanks (castella). Water from other sources,
1. Sound consists of fluctuations in the air was also employed ALONG THE COURSE , in order to increase
2. The vibrations of objects generate sound the capacity of the line.
3. lower frequencies have longer wavelengths Once collected in the distribution tank, the water was carried
out to VARIOUS PLACES through lead or tile pipes (fistulae)
4. sound control occurs in three ways that were connected to the castellum by a “delivery nozzle”.
5. Heat is produced by the sun The water was then transported to many locations of the city,
private, public and imperial.
1.2 Insulation materials
ExA: 1d - 2b - 3e - 4f - 5a - 6c
ExA: 1c - 2e - 3a - 4d - 5f - 6b
ExB: 1T - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5F - 6T
wall - ball - call - cell - tell - bell - belt - best - beat - seat 3 The sewer system of Roman times
- seal ExA: 1d - 2c - 3f - 4b - 5e - 6a
90
Solutions
ExB: p
erhaps - hill - city - pipe - terracotta - outskirts - ExA: a5 - b2 - c1 - d3 - e7 - f6 - g4
filth - to shield - latrine - below
4 Landfills and incinerators Archimedes’ inventions are essential in any type of work
ExA: 1j - 2a - 3i - 4h - 5e - 6b - 7c - 8d - 9g - 10f even in our times.
4.2 Incinerators 3 Fluid dynamics

ExA: 2fk - 3gl - 4bh - 5ai - 6dm - 7cj ExA: 1T - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5F - 6T
5 Waste energy recovery 3.1 How lift is created

ExA: 1 e - 2g - 3c - 4a - 5f - 6l - 7n/o - 8i - 9m - 10n/o - ExA: 1 wing - 2 net - 3 portion - 4 component - 5 as -
11h - 12d - 13b 6 surfaces - 7 lift
ExB: 1F - 2T - 3T - 4F - 5T Communication skills Panic on a plane
UNIT 2 COMPLEX MACHINES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
C P O W D E R
8
H 9
Y D R A U L I 10
C 11
S 1.2 Other parts of an engine
12
A E S 13
E M I T ExB: 1d - 2a - 3c - 4b - 5f - 6e - 7g
14
S S 15
I T C 16
M O ExC: 1 - 2c - 3a - 4a - 5b - 6c
17
S S E N T O
2 The car engine-related systems
18 19 20 O 21 22 23 D
I N F R E A
24 25
pre-reading activity: 1g - 2f - 3d - 4c - 5a - 6e - 7b
S I N T E R I N G
T O 26
A C 27
E 28
G 2.1 The cooling system
29
B I 30
O P 31
S 32
S A ExA: 8 - 1 - 6 - 2 - 7 - 3 - 5 - 4
33 E C H N I C S
T
2.2 The air intake system
Track 14 ExA: 1d - 2e - 3a - 4b - 5f - 6c
Test activity Who’s who pag. 209 2.5 The fuel system
1 a, b, b - 2 a, c, a - 3 c, b, b - 4 c, a, c - 5 a, a, c - 6 ExA: 2F - 3F - 4T - 5T
a, a, a - 7 b, b, b - 8 c, a, c ExB: 1. lubricated - 2. need - 3 permitting - 4. to
rotate - 5. oiled - 6. pumped - 7. mixed - 8. goes -
MODULE 5 MECHANICS 9. mixing up - 10. flows - 11. flow
UNIT 1 SIMPLE MACHINES 2.7 The electrical system
1 The lever ExA: 1a - 2c - 3a - 4b - 5b
ExA: 1.3 - 2.3 - 3.1 - 4.3 - 5.2 - 6.2 - 7.1 - 8.2 - 9.3 - 10.1 ExB:
ExB: 1. fulcrum - 2. mechanical advantage - 3. Effort - 4.
System Device Function
Load - 5. Lever arm - 6. Bellows
Cooling radiator It cools the circulating water of the cool-
Just for fun pag. 217 ing system.
1 E V 2 R
L E Air intake turbocharger Rotary compressor or pump that pressurizes
3
engine intake air. It is driven by the flow of
O F P exhaust gases. The increased pressure forc-
A 4 U L C R U M es more air into the cylinder than it could
F normally draw, allowing the engine to burn
5
D O O S more fuel and in turn produce more power.
R H Ignition Spark plug It ignites the fuel mixture in each cylinder.

6 O T T L E I
B Starting Starter It is an electronic switch that powers the motor.
7
solenoid
A C A N
8 Lubrication Oil sump It collects the lubricating oil.
R L G
9
S 10
H O V E L Fuel carburettor It mixes fuel and air.
E G exhaust Tail pipe It permits the exhaust gases to leave the car
muffler It dampens the noise.
2A
rchimedes the inventor of the lever and the Electrical headlights In order to see the road in the dark con-
ditions.
catapult
91
teacher’s book
Just for fun pag. 234 2 The basis of electric motor: electromagnetism
SPARK PLUG KINDLES GASOLINE ExA: 1c around - 2d through - 3a to - 4e from - 5b to
3 The variable for producing more power ExB: 1 a coil of wire - 2 nail - 3, 5, 6 electro-magnetized
nail - 4 pole
ExA: 1up to 12 - 2. by using higher octane gasoline -
3. turbochargers and superchargers - 4. a special 2 The elctric motor
radiator to cool compressed air - 5. by using intake
ExA: 1b - 2d - 3c - 4e - 5f - 6 g - 7a
manifolds - 6. by adding headers - 7. yes - 8. to
improve performance and fuel economy Just for fun pag. 254
ExC: Ashes - are - fit - till - GB - HT
Flashlight batteries
How to get more power What is used
4 Cool the incoming air intercooler Just for fun pag. 256
5 Decrease air resistance Two intake valves in each cylinder wire - fire - file - film - firm - farm - fare - bare - dare -
Bigger air filters, intake manifolds
dark - dart - dire - dime
8 Improve fuel injection control Very precise instrument for fuel
metering 4 The hybrid car: a diesel and electric engine
2 Increase the compression Higher octane-gasoline ExA: 1d - 2a - 3c - 4b - 5a
ratio
1 Increase displacement more cylinders or bigger cylinders 5 Fuel cells
3 Increase cylinder capacity More air (and then fuel) into a ExA: 1T - 2 F - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6T - 7F
cylinder.
6 Decrease exhaust gas Second exhaust valve to each 5.1 Proton exchange mebrane fuel cell
resistance cylinder
headers, big tail pipes and free - ExA: 1 released - 2 anode - 3 cathode - 4 catalyst
flowing mufflers - 5 proton - 6 ions - 7 catalyst - 8 carbon -
7 Make everything lighter Lighter components, especially 9 hydrogen - 10 PEM
piston‘s weight
ExB: 1d - 2a - 3b - 4d - 5a - 6c - 7d - 8c
Just for fun pag. 236 5.3 Fuel cells with reformer on board
1 X H A U S T 2
E P
ExA: 1e - 2c - 3g - 4d - 5f - 6b - 7h - 8a
3
N S P I N
4
G E A 5
R S S 5.4 Efficiency of fuel cells
I O 6
M T ExA: 1b - 2b - 3a - 4c - 5a
7 8
N C O M B U S T I O N
E K F A N Battery - chain - gas - displacement - fuel - piston -
E F I household
9
S P 10
A R K L 11
L I T Hydrogen is obtained by alcohol carbon fuels
12
I F U E L
5 The driving code: the point system
R R
ExC: 1b - 2c - 3a - 4b - 5c - 6a - 7b - 8c
4 Sotheby’s puts famous sport cars up for auction ExD: 1f - 2e - 3g - 4a - 5b - 6d - 7c
ExA: 1e - 2d - 3a - 4b - 5c Just for fun pag. 270
6 Some FAQs from the Net: comparing engines 1
M 2
O 3
T O R 4
M A 5
G 6
N 7
E 8
T
9 I R 10 11
ExA: 1B - 2C - 3A A W E M E N D
12 L A 13 14 15 16 17 18
ExB: 1 lower - 2 so good - 3 higher / than a four stroke - P T E N A A D P
4 more polluting - 5 more S 19
N A M 20
E 21
C 22
A R S O
23 P I N 24 R 25
Just for fun pag. 248 S T S W
26 27 28 29 30
Cool - Coal - coat - cost - post - most - must - rust - rest F T E A M T O E
- rent - lent - lend - lead - read - head 31
S O 32
S 33
R A 34
G 35
O 36
S R
37 38
W I R E G E O H
UNIT 3 ENGINE SYSTEM I 39
M A 40
N Y 41
A 42
L L O Y
43
N E U P R O R
1 Alternatives to petrol
44 I R E C T 45
D S W I T C H
ExB: 1a - 2c - 3e - 4b - 5g - 6f - 7d
92
Solutions
MODULE 6 SYSTEMS AND AUTOMATION 3 Folllowers of Taylorism
ExB: 1e - 2c - 3d - 4b - 5a
UNIT 1 AUTOMATED SYSTEMS
1 What is system in technology 4 Automated factory organization (CIM, CAD, CAM)
ExB: 1d - 2e - 3f - 4a - 5b - 6c ExA: 1c - 2a - 3d - 4f - 5e - 6b
ExC: all true except for the last one
2 Speed trap: a police radar system monitors speed
ExA: a3 - b1 - c5 - d2 - e4 Just for fun pag. 295
Computer aided design
Just for fun pag. 276 SAFETY IN THE WORKPLACE
Target - hour - exceed - radar - miles - officer - speed - ExA: a7 - b12 - c9 - d13 - e8 - f2 - g1 - h6 - i10 - j4 - k5
types - assemblies - trap - l3 - m11
THERMOSTAT
6 ”Ergonomics“ and security in the workplace
3 Automation ExB: 1a - 2c - 3b - 4c - 5a
ExA: 1a - 2a - 3b - 4a
4 Automated systems applications 1
C O 2
D 3
E 4
S 4
T A 5
G 6
S
ExA: 4 - 2 - 1 - 3 A 8
A N T E N N A 10
A
11 12
S M G M A S H E S
5 PLC
13 14
H A R I A L
ExA: 1 transducer - 2 domotics - 3 microprocessor -
15 G 16 R O L 17 18 Y
4 PLC - 5 switchboard - 6 sensor - 7 actuator S T L E
19 20 21 22
M E S E G I V
5.1 F LS: the intelligent natural window ventilation 23
C A D E 24
A U 25
T O 26
P
system 27 28 29 30 31 32
A R E A R E O L A
ExC: 1e - 2b - 3a - 4d - 5c 33 34 35 36 37
M T M O R U V S
6 Robotics E 38
A D D T 39
E T
ExB: 1c - 2g - 3m - 4b - 5k - 6h - 7j - 8a - 9p - 10o -

11d - 12l - 13i - 14f - 15e - 16n UNIT 3 HINTS ON INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
8 Robots on the market 2 Global market competition
ExA: 1-3 2-4 3-7 4-2 5-1 6-6 7-5 ExA: 5 - 1 - 4 - 2 - 6 - 3
ExD: 1d - 2f - 3g - 4a - 5b - 6e - 7c
Robots work at assembly line 3 Global-Anti-global?
Just for fun pag. 286 ExA: a6 - b4 - c3 - d1 - e5 - f2
1 E R 2 O N 3 L
P S A Track 20
R O N
Game City Boy
E D
Communication skills pag. 307
4 E N S O 5
S R Chatting with a Games City boy. Report on chatrooms.
S 6
O U T STEFANIA: How many hours do you work every day?
7
MARK: I can’t say how many hours a day I work, sometimes I
U F O B
work EVEN FOURTEEN HOURS A DAY.
R O 8
A S.: What do you do in your spare time?
9 F F 10 C T O R
M.: Spare time? I don’t have any SPARE TIME actually!
E E
S.: When do you meet your friends?
N M M.: The only friends I have are my COLLEAGUES, but we usually
11
H A N D S S talk through chat lines.
S.: Do you go out shopping, sometimes?
M.: Here, at Games City, we have ALL WE NEED, I never go
UNIT 2 INDUSTRY AND WORK ORGANIZATION shopping.
S.: Have you got a girlfriend?
2 The scientific management era M.: Of course I’ve got a girlfriend, but I NEVER SEE HER, as long
ExB: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4T - 5F - 6T as I’m working here. She lives outside Games City.
93
teacher’s book
S.: When did you last look at the moon? UNIT 2 MECHATRONICS APPLICATIONS
M.: The moon? WHAT DO YOU MEAN?
S.: Imagine sitting in a garden and looking at the moon. Is it a
waste of time for you?
smart - start - stars - stare spare - spark - shark - sharp -
M.: I don’t know, actually! Looking at the moon? WHAT FOR? share - shave - shape - shade - shame
S.: Well, Pirandello, a famous Italian writer, wrote a short story
“Ciaula scopre la luna“, that is “Ciaula discovers the moon”. 3 The final frontier for the hydraulic pump: the
M.: What is THE STORY ABOUT? artifical heart
S.: It tells of a young man who works in a mine in Sicily. He works ExB: 1F - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5T - 6F
ALMOST DAY AND NIGHT and sleeps very little, just like you.
One night, he sees the moon for the first time in his life. He’s so 4 American high-tech soldier
amazed that he can’t stop looking at it. ExB: 1 logistics - 2 ballistics - 3 bionics -
4 nanotechnology
MODULE 7 MECHATRONICS Just for fun pag. 336
UNIT 1 MECHATRONICS TECHNOLOGY 1
H
2
W E A P O N S
2 Ethics and robotics
L
ExC: 1B - 2C - 3D - 4A - 5E
3 R M O U R 4 5
A F O
3 Driverless car tech gets serious at CES E I N
ExA: 9, 10, 7, 11, 1, 4, 2, 6, 5, 3, 8 6
B A T 7
T E R I E S B
ExB: 1T - 2F - 3T - 4F - 5F - 6F - 7F - 8F - 9F - 10T - 11F I E L O
8 9 10
O A G D A T A
Track 22 N 11
M A P S R R
I S E D
LOVE DETECTOR - Communication skills pag. 324
12 A R R Y A
Writing an e-mail. C
From: joseph.spark@google.uk
To: sales@labsnews.com 6 Fingerprints and optical scanner
Re: Inquiry about Love Detector ExB: 1T - 2F - 3F - 4T - 5T - 6F
I read about your LOVE DETECTOR. Since I intend to buy it as a Just for fun pag. 338
XMAS PRESENT for my girlfriend, I’d like to know how it really
1 2 3 L 4 5 6 7 8 9
works. The price is OK, but I need some DETAILS such as: how R E A I T Y B U G
can an electronic instrument CHECK people’s emotional reac- 10
A R T 11
C O A X I A L
tions through a CELL PHONE? Which are the specific elements 12
N G 13
Z O H T A
that OPERATE in order to give some results? As I’m a student 14 15 16
in MECHANICS, I’m interested in the technical details. D O M I N I O N I S
Waiting for YOUR REPLY, 17
O N P 18
D O 19
R S
Joseph Spark 20
M O 21
D 22
H 23
W E B
From: sales@labsnews.com 24 25 26 27
M E M O R I E S C
To: joseph.spark@google.uk
28 I L E S 29 T U A
Re: Information about Love Detector F B
We are glad to send you the information YOU REQUIRE. 30
S C E N T M 31
M 32
A D
Speaking is one of the most complicated PROCEDURES the 33 34 35
S T H D E L
human body is capable of, and the human BRAIN monitors
the process of speaking. Every EVENT that goes through the 36
E N T E R U
brain leaves its unique “FINGER PRINT” on the speech flow.
Technology ignores the subject you are speaking of, and it 7.2 How to get a certificate
FOCUSES only on these unique marks that transmit specific ExA: 1j - 2d - 3h - 4b - 5i - 6g - 7f - 8c - 9a - 10e
electronic IMPULSES, detected and recorded on our instru-
ment. Impulses VARY in intensity according to the various lev- 7.3 Becoming a good pilot is a question of practice
els of emotion. Our Love Detector works LIKE THAT. Once the
ExA: 1c - 2g - 3i - 4a - 5e - 6k - 7b - 8f - 9j - 10d - 11h
conversation has ended, a final report will be sent to your CELL
PHONE using a SMS or an audio message! The final report ExC: 1g - 2b - 3f - 4c - 5d - 6a - 7e
is not only about the “LOVE LEVEL”, it also includes other
parameters, like “CONCENTRATION” and “Embarrassment”. 7.4 Drones for civilian use
You can order your Love Detector by E-MAIL and it will be ExB: 1c - 2a - 3c - 4b - 5a - 6d - 7b - 8a - 9d - 10c
delivered in a week.
Mark Twist 7.5 Drones to search for the nigerian schoolgirls
Sales MANAGER ExB: 1F - 2T - 3F - 4T - 5T - 5F
94
Solutions
UNIT 3 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 5. Jack the ripper; the most famous serial killer of all time
Just for fun pag. 351 ExB: 1g - 2a - 3f - 4h - 5b - 6i - 7d - 8e - 9c
1
B 2
A 3
C K 4
U 5
P 6
O 7
T Just for fun pag. 383
8
U R L 9
S C 10
A N O
Total - Echo - Equal - Naughty - Artificial - Ghost - Even -
11 12
Rest - System
G R O V E C A P
TEENAGERS
13 14 15
A N C A D
16
Y E 17
S 18
L E D 6. Oscar Wilde
19
S O 20
I S D 21
N ExA: 3 - 1 - 5 - 2 - 7 - 4 - 6
22
H N 23
N S 24
E 25
E ExB: 1c - 2h - 3e - 4f - 5a - 6b - 7g - 8d
26
P E 27
G K 28
S U N ExC: 1e - 2j - 3g - 4i - 5a - 6h - 7c - 8f - 9d - 10b
O 29
U S 30
S T O R E Just for fun pag. 388
31
R A M 32
C 33
O R Angle - Earth - sad - town - hero - end - tent - iron - car
T 34
S U 35
R 36
F 37
I N G - important - shut - may
38
P A T T E R N Y 7.1 Film “Dances with wolves” - The Plot
ExA: 4 - 8 - 1 - 11 - 6 - 2 - 9 - 3 - 5 - 7 - 10
MODULO 8 CIVILIZATION 8.1 Uncle Tom’s Cabin - The Plot

Charles Dickens ExA: 1e - 2d - 3f - 4h - 5a - 6c - 7b - 8g
ExA: 2 - 5 - 8 - 4 - 6 - 1 - 7 - 3 ExB: 1S - 2H - 3H - 4S - 5H - 6S
ExC: 1j - 2f - 3i - 4h - 5e - 6g - 7b - 8d - 9 - 10a 9. Edgar Allan Poe
Oliver Twist – The Plot ExA: 1d - 2f - 3e - 4g - 5i - 6g - 7a - 8j - 9c - 10b
ExA: 5 - 1 - 7 - 4 - 8 - 3 - 6 - 2 Just for fun pag. 400
Just for fun pag. 362 POE WROTE DREADFUL SHORT STORIES
1 2 3 4 5
M O T H E R D A
12. Samuel Beckett and “The Theatre of the Absurd”
6 7
O W I P O O R
ExB: 1e - 2f - 3h - 4g - 5a - 6d - 7b - 8c
8
N I R U U E
T 9
S 10
H E 11
L T E R Focus on looking for a job
12 13
H A T E O
1. A company organizational chart
14 A 15 16 17
L C R I M E ExA: G 2e - 3i - 4c - 5j - 6k - 7f - 8a - 9h - 10l - 11m -
Y 18
J 19
A C K 20
N O 12b - 13d
21 S 22 G 23 24
G E B E
25 26
2.1 A letter of application
P O C K E T T V
27
ExA: a 9 - b12 - c6 - d10 - e14 - f13 - g2 - h7 - i8 - j1 -
T S R O S E
k15 - l10 - m4 - n3 - o5
Society during Queen Victoria’s Reign
3 Crowd labor: the social networking revolution
ExB: 1e - 2f - 3a - 4h - 5b - 6g - 7c - 8d
ExA: 7 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 3 - 6 - 5
3.4 2045 Avatar Project Just for fun pag. 427
ExA: 1F - 2F - 3F - 4F - 5T/F - 6T 1 past - 2 cast - 3 cost - 4 post - 5 lost - 6 list - 7 mist -
8 most - 9 must - 10 muse - 11 mute - 12 cute - 13 cure
4. What is a hologram? - 14 core - 15 care - 16 card - 17 fard - 18 fare - 19 dare
ExA: 1T - 2F - 3F - 4T - 5T - 6F - 20 date - 21 gate
95
7471/A
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PROPRIETÀ LETTERARIA RISERVATA

L’Editore, nell’ambito delle leggi

I diritti di traduzione, di riproduzione

Bill Gates: a self-made man

....... Bill Gates’ life is that of an ordinary person.

Ex C Ask questions for the paragraphs above. Score ....../5 .......marks

Newsweek referred to it.

He has become an iconic figure of late-20th century capitalism.

He has become very rich because he is a genius in his field.

The title of Knight Commander of the British Empire.

To various charitable organizations.

Ex D True or False? Score ....../5 .......marks

1 Bill Gates always flies business class. T F

Ex E Now, correct the false ones.

Student’s name ................................................................................................................................. Class .................. Date .........................................

What you need:

Ex A Answer the following questions. Score ....../5 .......marks

2 How long do you have to rub the pen on a cloth?

3 What type of fabric do you need to get the best result?

4 What happens to the tiny piece of paper after a while?

5 Does it remain stuck to the pen?

Ex B Choose among a, b, c or d to complete the passage below. Score ....../10 .......marks

2 gives don’t hold held holds

3 takes doesn’t take take taken

4 face facing faced watching

5 held hold holds holding

6 rub rubbed rubs rubbing

7 hold touched touching touch

8 happening happened happens don’t happen

9 understanding don’t understand understand understands

10 lighted light lights doesn’t light

Student’s name ................................................................................................................................. Class .................. Date .........................................

Unit 2 Electricity applications Test 3

a arrow b flows c positive d battery e circuit f flow g polarity

B Complete the following description of some electric devices by

a measures - magnitude b device - opposes c changes - DC

C Choose among the words in brackets to obtain

Student’s name ................................................................................................................................. Class .................. Date .........................................

2 What is electrocution? ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................

4 Do you know in which countries the electric chair is still in force?

5 What do you think about the death penalty? .........................................................................................................................................................

6 What is an electronic wheelchair for?

7 What is the joystick for? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................

Ex B Ask questions to the following answers. Score ....../6 .......marks

It is placed between the two driving wheels.

Anti-tippers are necessary to avoid overturning.

Top speed can reach 5.6 mph.

It weighs 116 lbs.

The backrest, which is adjustable, can be 19-24 inches high.

It can support a weight up to 300 lbs.

1 5.6 mph = ................ km/h; 3 24 inches = ................ cm.

Student’s name ................................................................................................................................. Class .................. Date .........................................

Unit 3 Electromagnetism Test 5

Ex A Fill in the gaps. Score ....../8 .......marks

a off b magnetic field c wire d reverses e off f permanent g battery h nail

2 If a wire is stationary and the magnetic field changes,

3 In order to induce current in a coil of wire,

4 When you connect a current carrying coil to a galvanometer,

Ex C Match the devices with their definitions. Score ....../5 .......marks

1 Generator a consists of a rotating magnet placed within a coil.

The direct method includes solar 1 ................................... , photovoltaic 2 ................................... and