a.a.

2010-2011 II semestre Lingua e traduzione inglese II modulo A:

LINGUA E TRADUZIONE TURISTICA

Dott.ssa Chiara Carlini E-mail: carlini.chiara@gmail.com Lezioni settimanali II semestre: Marted 10-13 15-18 Ricevimenti settimanali II semestre: Marted 14-15 Pagina docente: http://docenti.unimc.it/docenti/chiara-carlini

Lingua e traduzione inglese II - modulo A

Lingua e traduzione turistica

PREREQUISITI
Aver superato lesame del corso di Lingua e traduzione Lingua inglese I.

OBIETTIVI FORMATIVI
Il modulo intende fornire agli studenti gli strumenti linguistici, analitici e traduttivi necessari per poter affrontare testi attinenti allambito turistico.

Lingua e traduzione inglese II - modulo A

Lingua e traduzione turistica

PROGRAMMA DEL CORSO
Il modulo si propone di favorire lacquisizione degli strumenti linguistici, analitici e traduttivi necessari ad affrontare dal punto di vista lessicale, sintattico e stilistico varie tipologie di testi turistici in lingua inglese. Le esercitazioni permetteranno agli studenti di acquisire familiarit con il lessico, la struttura e la sintassi di tali testi e di elaborare adeguate tecniche per unappropriata resa in lingua italiana. Verr inoltre sviluppata la capacit di produrre testi pragmaticamente efficaci.
Nello specifico, durante le lezioni frontali verranno approfondite varie tematiche linguistiche relative alle tipologie testuali di ambito turistico, prevedendo la partecipazione attiva degli studenti allanalisi e alla discussione di materiali autentici. Le lezioni saranno basate su esercitazioni pratiche, individuali o a gruppi. Lesame di fine corso consister nella traduzione verso litaliano di testi appartenenti alle tipologie affrontate durante il modulo.

Lingua e traduzione inglese II - modulo A

Lingua e traduzione turistica

TESTI (A)DOTTATI, (C)ONSIGLIATI
1. (A) S. Bassnet La traduzione. Teorie e pratica Bompiani 1993 2. (C) M. Jacob & P. Strutt English for International Tourism: Upper Intermediate Level Students Book and Workbook Longman 1997 3. (C) S. Laviosa & V. Cleverton Learning by Translating Edizioni dal sud 2003

Tourist texts consist of a variety of publications produced by:

Tourist Boards City councils Private enterprises

to promote a given locality, its tourist attractions, services and facilities. They may be sent abroad or made available in the host countries.

Examples of tourist publications:

Visitor guides available in booklet and brochure format Multilingual and monolingual magazines Periodicals and leaflets giving information about
cultural events and describing places of historical, artistic and geographical interest

Flyers advertising trips and events Posters advertising events and artistic performances Descriptive panels placed near monuments, areas of
geographical interest or places of worship

Tourist texts fulfil two communicative functions:

Informative Appellative

 In the translation of INFORMATIVE texts [] the aim is invariance of content and the translation is deemed successful if the information has been transmitted in full. The translation of APPELLATIVE or operative texts types [] aims to provoke in the target readers identical behavioural reactions to those of the reader of the source text and the translation method called for is ADAPTATION.
Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies edited by Mona Baker, assisted by Kirsten Malmkjaer London/New York: Routledge, 2001 p. 116

Language domains:
Architecture History of art History Geography Gastronomy Economy Sports Customs and traditions Music and dance

Some English and Italian sub-genres differ significantly with regard to CONTENT and STYLE

CONTENT
ENGLISH VISITOR GUIDES include information on: places of cultural and historical interest shopping facilities car and street parking bus, coach and train services ITALIAN VISITOR GUIDES focus mainly on: art architecture history gastronomy
GLOSSY PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS

STYLE
ENGLISH TOURIST LANGUAGE personal and informal style: imperatives used to invite the reader to visit, explore and enjoy the attractions of a given town, city or village Impersonal: passive constructions ITALIAN TOURIST LANGUAGE impersonal and formal style, often rendered by passive constructions. personal style reserved to texts with a dominant appellative function and even then, the reader is usually addressed in the formal second person plural pronoun Voi or in the first person plural pronoun Noi florid descriptions and evocative, figurative language

Examples of agentless passive clauses taken from an Italian visitor guide

() la tranquillit garantita a chi la cerca tra pinete e ville (). Tutto questo ben protetto e ben dotato di attrezzature ricettive. LAbruzzo mille altre cose che per non si possono n scrivere e neppure raccontare, ma vivere e credere.
from Viaggio in Abruzzo

Examples of appellative imperatives taken from an Italian tourist brochure:

Pensate alle Terre di Siena e dimenticatevi tutto il resto. Lasciatevi catturare dallessenza di questa terra (). Preparatevi ad una sensazione di benessere ().

Examples of appellative imperatives taken from an Italian tourist brochure:

Apprestiamoci a visitare quei monumenti e quei palazzi che custodiscono il segreto dei secoli passati. Giunti a piazza Nettuno possiamo notare al centro la fontana con l'imponente statua del Nettuno, il dio marino, nell'atto di placare i flutti del mare.

Examples of appellative imperatives taken from English tourist brochures and leaflets
Share with us the legacy of ancient people. See the remarkable Iron Bridge itself and explore seven museums. Travel from the small seaside town of Tywyn through the beautiful scenery of Snowdonia National Park.

Examples of passive constructions taken from an English Visitor Guide

Sites which feature in the Chronicles can be discovered all around Shewsbury like Shewsbury Castle and St. Marys Church. Great outdoor activities can be enjoyed across Angus and Dundee with golf, fishing, birdwatching, and other outdoor pursuits.

Examples of florid descriptions and evocative, figurative language

Terra di conquista, terra che conquista, da sempre nel Mediterraneo angiporto e landa ospitale, preludio dOriente e sintesi di religioni, di pelli, di dialetti, e di diversit, il Salento sempre pi metafora di una felice adesione della storia e della natura alle esigenze e ai desideri del viaggiatore.

TRANSLATING TOURIST TEXTS FROM ENGLISH INTO ITALIAN

IMPERATIVES Visit a truly unique Scottish destination. Share with us the legacy of ancient peoples. Absorb dramatic and breath-taking scenery. IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS La Scozia una meta veramente unica. Qui possibile condividere leredit degli antichi popoli. In Scozia possibile ammirare scenari maestosi e mozzafiato.

TRANSLATIONS OF CULTURE-BOUND WORDS

MONUMENTS
Westminster Bridge The Tower of London Il Ponte di Westminster La Torre di Londra Museo Nazionale Scozzese

MUSEUMS
National Museum of Scotland

PLACES OF WORSHIP AND HISTORICAL INTEREST

St Alfeges Church Glamis Castle La Chiesa di St Alfege Il Castello di Glamis

the THEMATISATION OF PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS

is a textual feature common to both English and Italian geographical and historical descriptions of local beauty spots contained in tourist guides

TYPICAL STRUCTURE OF AN ENGLISH DECLARATIVE CLAUSE

THEME:
the starting point of the communication chosen by the speaker/writer. The theme is what the clause is about.

RHEME:
the remaining part which develops the theme. The rheme is what the speaker says about the theme. It is the communicative goal of a clause because it represents the very information that the speaker/writer wants to convey to the hearer/reader. The rheme fulfils the communicative purpose of an utterance.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF THEME different information focus

The theme-rheme organization and the information structure of a sentence are semantically interconnected. In the normal case, the speaker chooses the theme from what is given in a communication, i.e. from the parts of a communication which the hearer can reconstruct and which are accessible in his store of knowledge. The speaker also places the emphasis, or information focus, of his communication on the part reserved for the communicationally-new, i.e. positionally for the rheme.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF THEME different information focus

A halfpenny is the smallest English coin
THEME RHEME

(I will tell you about a halfpenny) The smallest English coin is a halfpenny
THEME RHEME

(I will tell you about the smallest English coin)

ENGLISH LANGUAGE FEATURES

English has a fairly fixed word order:
Subject + Verb + Object/Complement + Adverbial
THEME RHEME

You

will discover the magnificent west front of the Holy Trinity Church within a short stroll

ENGLISH LANGUAGE FEATURES

THEMATISATION (OR FRONTING) OF: PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS (slightly marked) OBJECT OR COMPLEMENT (highly marked)

THEMATISATION OF PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS

(slightly marked)

Fronted adverbials fulfil two textual functions: They act as points of orientation by connecting back to previous stretches of text. They act as points of departure by connecting forward and contributing to the development of later stretches.
(Baker 1992)

THEMATISATION OF PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS (slightly marked)

Downstream is a valley of pleasant meadows and wooded banks. In the space of a few miles you can find not only one of our leading stately homes, but also major collections of historic aircraft and cars. On Christmas day, 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned in Westminster Abbey.

THEMATISATION OF OBJECT OR COMPLEMENT (highly marked)

PREFERRED STRUCTURE (UNMARKED THEME):
The part of Montepulciano that has developed outside the city walls ever since the 15th century is well worth a visit.

MARKED STRUCTURE:
Well worth a visit is the part of Montepulciano that has developed outside the city walls ever since the 15th century.

PREDICATED THEMES
A highly marked structure in English declarative clauses is produced with predicated themes. Predicating a theme involves using an it- structure (or a cleft structure) in order to place a given element of a clause near the beginning. The theme of a cleft clause is the element which occurs after the verb to be. Like all marked themes, predicated themes often imply contrast. Another important function of predicated themes is to signal information structure by presenting the element following it + BE in the main clause as the new information.

EXAMPLES OF CLEFT STRUCTURES

It was the first race between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge that took place in 1829 at Henley. It was between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge that the first race took place in 1829 at Henley. It was in 1829 that the first race between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge took place at Henley. It was at Henley that the first race between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge took place in 1829.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE FEATURES

THEMATISATION (FRONTING) OF: PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS
Nei pressi di Codroipo ci accoglie la residenza dellultimo doge veneziano, Ludovico Manin.

Nel 421 a.C., lintera zona flegrea cadde sotto il dominio delle popolazioni campane.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE FEATURES

THEMATISATION (FRONTING) OF: OBJECT AND COMPLEMENT
Un occhio di riguardo merita anche la Montepulciano sviluppatasi fuori dalle mura gi a partire dal 400.

Di notevole importanza naturalistico-ambientale il lago di Montepulciano.

The thematisation of PLACE AND TIME ADVERBIALS OBJECT AND COMPLEMENT can be reproduced naturally in Italian, so that it will be possible to maintain the same point of orientation in the target text

HOLIDAY BROCHURES
Usually published by travel agencies, sometimes in cooperation with local authorities and tourist boards, they give information about holiday packages

HOLIDAY BROCHURES
include: illustrations and descriptions of towns, villages, local attractions information on accommodation indoor and outdoor activities
trekking, walking, mountain biking, railway trips on scenic routes, often with expert guides and skilled instructors

guided tours and itineraries

ENGLISH LANGUAGE FEATURES

FRONTED NON-FINITE TEMPORAL CLAUSES
Starting at sea-level at Llandudno, this single track line winds and climbs its way up the beautiful Conwy and Lledr valleys.
After leaving the historic town of Shrewsbury, with its castle and Elizabethan houses, the train passes through Church Stretton before turning south-west and crossing the river Theme into Wales.

-ING FORM

PREP. + -ING FORM

ENGLISH LANGUAGE FEATURES

FRONTED NON-FINITE TEMPORAL CLAUSES
AS + SUBJECT + PRESENT TENSE

As the visitor nears the end of the VeniceTrieste motorway, after many kilometers of flat terrain the landscape suddenly changes.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE FEATURES

FRONTED NON-FINITE TEMPORAL CLAUSES
PAST PARTICIPLE

Lasciata Sassari, si prosegue verso Osilo ammirando massicci calcarei a strapiombo.

PREP. + INFINITIVE

Prima di far tappa a Tempio arriviamo a Bortigiadis.

GERUND

Partendo dalla stazione di San Benedetto del Tronto e costeggiando il litorale adriatico si transita per Pescara.

FRONTED ADVERBIALS
On the left before Piazza della Borsa is the great square building called the Tergesteo. Sulla sinistra, prima di giungere in Piazza della Borsa si incontra il grande edificio quadrato del Tergesteo. Di fronte alla Borsa Vecchia ledificio verde Casa Bartoli, che si configura come unit commerciale e abitativa.

Opposite the Old Stock Exchange the green building of the Casa Bartoli houses shops and flats.

FRONTED COMPLEMENTS
Worthy of note are the fountains decorated with statues by Giuseppe Pokorny and Ugo Hardtl. Degne di nota sono le belle fontane con sculture di Giuseppe Pokorny e Ugo Hardtl.

FROM SUBJECTS TO COMPLEMENTS

The richly decorated exterior contrasts with a soberly functional interior, designed by the architect Geiringer. Alla ricchezza decorativa esterna fa da contraltare linterno sobrio e funzionale dettato dallarchitetto Geiringer.

FROM SUBJECTS TO ADVERBIALS

Palazzo Dreher stands at the beginning of Via Cassa di Risparmio. The triangle marked out by these buildings contains a column surmounted by a bronze statue of Habsburg Emperor Leopold I. Da Palazzo Dreher si diparte via Cassa di Risparmio. Nello spazio triangolare definito da questi edifici inserita la colonna sormontata dalla statua bronzea che ritrae Leopoldo I dAsburgo.

OBJECTS: FROM FRONTED TO UNMARKED POSITION

The castle owes its charm to the white Istrian stone it is built with. Gran parte del suo fascino il castello lo deve al biancore della pietra bianca dIstria con la quale stato realizzato.

FROM PERSONAL TO IMPERSONAL STYLE

To describe the Triestine Carso we need only say that it is a unique territory, without equal in Europe, a land of charm and mystery shrouded in fantasy and myth. Per descrivere il Carso triestino sufficiente affermare che un territorio unico, senza uguali in Europa, un territorio di fascino e di mistero, sospeso tra la fantasia e il mito.

FROM PERSONAL TO IMPERSONAL STYLE

In the summer, Viale XX Settembre offers a pleasant environment for walkers to linger at the tables placed outside between the rows of trees. Destate piacevole sostare ai tavolini allaperto inseriti tra la doppia fila di alberi del Viale XX Settembre.

FROM PERSONAL TO IMPERSONAL STYLE

What awaits us at the bottom? A onceploughed patch of grass, a chaotic mass of stones, or a cave whose gaping entrance invites our hesitant steps to venture inside. Cosa ci sar sul fondo? Un praticello un tempo coltivato, un ammasso di pietre o una grotta che spalanca il suo ingresso invitando il passo esitante a entrare.

THE PASSIVE SI
Departure leaves the guest with a feeling of regret, a delicate nostalgia. Further up Via Mazzini is the junction with Via Imbriani, along which is the Morpurgo Museum. Allontanandosi da questi luoghi, non ci si pu impedire di provare un rimpianto, una delicata nostalgia. Salendo lungo la via Mazzini si incrocia la via Imbriani in cui trova sede il Museo Morpurgo.

HISTORICAL-ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION
illustrated with pictures and photographs of notable monuments and buildings communicative function: INFORMATIVE rhetorical functions: NARRATIVE and DESCRIPTIVE archaic and literary CITATIONS: unusual (or marked) collocation or unusual metaphor

tension between ACCURACY OF MEANING and NATURALNESS

HISTORICAL DESCRIPTIONS
ENGLISH LANGUAGE FEATURES
USE OF SIMPLE PAST USE OF PASSATO REMOTO The name of this splendid bay is Il nome di questa splendida linked to the legendary Ulisse who insenatura legato al buried his companion Bajos here. leggendario Ulisse che qui seppell il suo compagno Bajos. USE OF PRESENTE STORICO Ma il dardo sibilante tra i rami But the whizzing arrow became allimprovviso si blocca e suddenly entangled in the branches cade innocuo ai piedi del and fell at the Saints feet. Santo.

ITALIAN LANGUAGE FEATURES

DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE OF WORSHIP

descriptions of chapels, churches, abbeys, cathedrals, often printed in multilingual leaflets on display in the place of worship itself or the church shop

DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE OF WORSHIP

They usually include: history of the building narrative rhetorical function description of its architectural features illustrated by a drawing of the plan times and days of worship contact numbers programmes of artistic and charity events

DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE OF WORSHIP

linear and paratactic syntax, fairly short sentences use of simple past, used to, present tense translated either with the imperfect or the simple past

DESCRIPTION OF A PLACE OF WORSHIP

From this point the Da questo punto la Romanesque church chiesa romanica si extended for 60 metres estendeva ancora per to the east. It was 60 metri, ma nel 1540 destroyed by Henry questa parte venne VIII in 1540. Three distrutta da Enrico VIII. walls used to close the Gli archi orientali erano eastern arches. chiusi da tre muri.

WORKING WITH LANGUAGE

SOURCE TEXT SYNTACTIC RESTRUCTURING LEXICAL SEMPLIFICATION STYLISTIC ADJUSTEMENTS CULTURAL ADAPTATION TARGET TEXT ACCURACY COMPLETENESS CONSISTENCY FLUENCY ACCEPTABILITY for the communicative situation it is intended for