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4‫( א‬05 K2 (>

?1) =‫א‬

W=18 7  x  x  (n ∈  *)x  x n 4‫↖= א(א‬

lim x = 0
x →0
lim x n = 0
x →0
>
lim x = +∞ 1
x →+∞ lim n = 0
x →−∞ x
1 1
lim =0 lim n = 0
x →+∞ x x →+∞ x

 WOTU (!U‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&  WOTU  X‫(א‬# n O 8‫א‬S&


lim x n = +∞ lim x n = +∞
x →+∞ x →+∞
n
lim x = −∞ lim x n = +∞
x →−∞ x →−∞
1 1
lim n = +∞ lim n = +∞
x →0 x x →0 x
> >
1 1
lim n = −∞ lim n = +∞
x →0 x x →0 x
< <

W −∞ ( A +∞ ( ?@‫ א‬4‫  א(א‬+(,‫ א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

 −∞ # P +∞ #Z‫" (א‬    −∞ # P +∞ #( #$ "


 (Y8‫" א‬#$[ \ " D.  (Y8‫ א‬.#$ " D.

W#‫ א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

1 − cos x 1 tan x sin x


lim = lim =1 lim =1
x →0 x² 2 x →0 x x →0 x

x  u (x ) W! ‫  א‬4‫↖= א(א‬

lim u (x ) lim u (x )
x →x0 x →x0

l l≥0
+∞ +∞

  −∞ # P +∞ # P ‫ ^א‬x 0 # PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<-  "‫]א‬Z.

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WB1C‫↖א=  א‬


u (x ) ≤ f (x ) ≤ V (x )
 f (x ) − l ≤ V (x )

lim u (x ) = l  ⇒ lim f (x ) = l ⇒ lim f (x ) = l
x →x 0  x →x 0 lim V x = 0  x →x 0
( )
 x →x 0 
lim V (x ) = l 
x →x 0 

u (x ) ≤ V (x )  u (x ) ≤ f (x ) 
 ⇒ lim f (x ) = −∞  ⇒ lim f (x ) = +∞
lim V (x ) = −∞ x →x 0 lim u (x ) = +∞ x →x 0
x →x 0  x →x 0 

  −∞ # P +∞ # P ‫ ^א‬x 0 # PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<-  "‫]א‬Z.

W=‫ א‬D 0‫↖א‬

WE‫א‬+ ! 0; =

lim f (x ) l l l −∞ +∞ +∞
x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ −∞
x →x 0
lim [g (x ) + f (x )] l + l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞   ` _
x →x 0

WE‫א‬+ F‫= (א‬

lim f (x ) l l<0 l>0 −∞ −∞ +∞ 0


x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ ±∞
x →x 0
lim [g (x ) × f (x )] l × l' +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ −∞ +∞ `_
x →x 0

WE‫א‬+ GH =

lim f (x ) l l l<0 l>0 −∞ +∞ 0 ±∞


x →x 0
lim g (x ) l' ≠ 0 ±∞
x →x 0 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0− 0+ 0 ±∞
g (x ) l ` _ `_
lim 0 +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞ +∞ −∞ −∞ +∞
x →x 0 f (x ) l'    
W I).
−∞ # P +∞ # P ‫ ^א‬x 0 # PL,‫ ^א‬x 0 # >^/<-  "‫]א‬Z.
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4‫( א‬05 K2 41J‫א‬
W97 K 41J‫↖א‬
  x 0 a4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) W:1
x →x 0

W‫ א‬D 41J‫ – א‬E0‫ א‬D 41J‫א‬


x 0 aL,‫^א‬4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) •
x → x0
>
  x 0 a ‫^א‬4 f ⇔ lim f (x ) = f (x 0 ) •
x → x0
<

  x 0 a4 f ⇔ x 0 a ‫ ^א‬L,‫^א‬4 f


W4; D 41J‫↖א‬
  ]a,b[ 3 d‫!=א‬4+8a4 f c 8‫א‬S& ]a,b[ b3 2^4‫ (א‬f O-
  ]a,b[ b‫א‬3 d‫^א‬4 f c 8‫א‬S&[a,b ] eV3 2^4‫ (א‬f O-
 b a ‫^א‬4  a aL,‫^א‬4
W#‫ א‬4‫ א(א‬D 0‫↖א‬
 D//$(# k  I 3 2^L4L‫ (א‬g f =
I 3 d‫^א‬4 kf  f × g f + g 3‫ א‬#‫• א‬
f 1
  I 3 d‫^א‬L4  L‫א‬#‫א‬OTU I ^#-5 g c 8‫א‬S& •
g g
 ^4( #$‫(א‬+8 • WLM
"!-,2^4Z‫(א‬+8 •

» + ^4 x  x ‫א‬#‫• א‬
» ^O 4 x  cos x  x  sin x O ‫א‬#‫• א‬

  − {π2 + k π / k ∈ } "!-,2^4 x  tan x ‫א‬#‫א‬ •

WE‫א‬+ B
 41‫↖א‬
  f (I ) ⊂ J WMf J 3 2^4 g  I 3 2^4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&
  I 3 d‫^א‬4 g ο f WOTU
W ‫(א‬8 4; * N↖
0gD.4‫א‬# 0g > •

 3 2D.4‫א‬# 3 2 > •

I 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =WNH J)


f (I ) 3 d‫<א‬hiAD ‫א‬3 #;‫א‬
8
  f (I ) 3 d‫א‬
  I 3 d‫א‬
  I ^ 0g4g - f   I ^ 0g#‫א‬- f
[ f (b ); f (a )] [ f (a ); f (b )] [a, b ]
   
 lim− f (x ) ; f (a )  f (a ) ; lim− f (x ) [a, b[
 x →b   x →b 
   
 f (b ); lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; f (b ) ]a, b ]
 x →a   x →a 
   
 lim− f (x ) ; lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; lim− f (x ) ]a, b[
 x →b x →a   x →a x →b 
   
 lim f (x ) ; f (a )  f (a ) ; lim f (x ) [a, +∞[
 x →+∞   x →+∞ 
   
 lim f (x ) ; lim+ f (x )  lim+ f (x ) ; lim f (x ) ]a, +∞[
 x →+∞ x →a   x →a x →+∞ 
 ( )   
 f a ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; f (a ) ]−∞,a ]
 x →−∞   x →−∞ 
   
 lim− f (x ) ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; lim− f (x ) ]−∞,a[
 x →a x →−∞   x →−∞ x →a 
   
 lim f (x ) ; lim f (x )  lim f (x ) ; lim f (x ) 
 x →+∞ x →−∞   x →−∞ x →+∞ 
W9 ‫ א‬O7‫ א‬6P↖
 f (b )   f (a ) =(#‫א‬L 47 β D//$(#+jTU[a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S&
  f (α) = β WMf [a,b ] 3 d‫ =א‬α D//$(#+g‫^א‬#

  f (a ) × f (b ) < 0  [a,b ] 3 2^4 f c 8‫א‬S& W


  [a,b ] 3 d‫א‬k&D, α *$+g‫^א‬+</- f (x ) = 0 ( ‫א‬OTU
  f (a ) × f (b ) < 0  [a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f c 8‫א‬S&
  [a,b ] 3 d‫א‬k&D, α ‫א‬#$ *$+</- f (x ) = 0 ( ‫א‬OTU
 WQM‫ א&! א‬7R↖
  f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 WMf[a,b ] 3 2^ 0g<- 4‫ (א‬f =
[a, b ] 3 d‫א‬a f (x ) = 0 ( ,#$‫א‬+ ‫ א‬α = 

  f (b )× f 
a + b 
 < 0 WO 8‫א‬S&     f (a )× f 
a + b 
 < 0 WO 8‫א‬S&
 2    2 
b −a a +b b −a a +b
  j@Khl‫אא‬Z.  < α < b WOTU    j@Khl‫אא‬Z. a < α < WOTU
2 2 2 2
a + b   a +b 
34n  ;b  3 d‫^א‬/!0‫]א‬Z. ( &=m 34n a;  3 d‫^א‬/!0‫]א‬Z. ( &=m
 2   2 
  α (#6(PKhl-^   α (#6(PKhl-^
"UF?!j@ α (#Khl-^34 ‫א‬oOPk&/!0‫]א‬Z. ( &=m‫א( א‬Z. WI).
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