CHU'ONG 1: HINH HQC KHONG GIAN

-----····-·-· ---·- ffiNH DA f)f~N.:. ., io·IOf DA 'Dll~r;l --- - -·

D! N ll NG Hf i\ Hi N III >A Dll)\1

l-flqJ.u b ~!WJl l l-1 hlnh duvc t;:10 b&i m(>t so hl"ru 11i,ln d a g i<ic phAng thoa m iin hai dic u ki~n:
r C1l Ha i da g iac b~t ky ho;:\c kho ng co d ie'm chung, ho(\c cl'> mi) l di nh chung, ho;:\c co rn<)t c;:. nh chu ng.
(2) M6i C<;l nh ct'la m (H del gi<ic Ia qm h chung CI'ICI dt'1ng ha i da giac.
(3) MAi dinh lil dinh chung ct'1a it nhat 3 m 0t.

C hi1 )' : Da di ~ n n) de rn ~ t I ~ tam gi.'lc lhi ICing so m~t In so ch~n.

Da di ~n mi-l m6 i d inh Ia dinh chung et'1a m<)l so le m,)l thi to ng de dinh et'w no Ia mot so ch~n.

)) ! N II N C IIl 1\ K 11 0 1 I) ;\ Dl nN
KhiH .lliL~!iin l a p ha n khong gian dli'()C g il')'i h<;~n bt'ri m o t hlnh do di~n (miCn lrong) vfl ke ca hlnh da di~n
do.
Til luon ph~n chia duryc m o t khoi d a di ~ n thanh nh l"rng khoi tt'1 d ien.
("!) Khoi d;~ d i ~ n IOi: khoi da d i ~n (H) lh rryc gqi lil khoi da di en lOi ncu clo<.lll th~ng noi 2 d ie'm ba t ky CllCl
(1·1) Jua n thu (>c (1-1).
Vet: kh o i la ng tr~1 tam giac, khi'li h<)p, khoi tt'r c! i~n .. ..
Kldli da tlir'/1 /oi c6 1111? 11 l ro llg /JI(JIIIIfllll vc 1 phia c18i vo·i m6i lll('il ph~ns c/ul·a ., 1111}1 d en IICJ.

121 Khi)i da di ~ n dc u lp; q}: mfl i rn~t ctlil no la m<) l da gi<ic dc u p c~ nh, m&i ctinh ct'1n nc'J Ia din h chung ct'w
d 1'111g q m ~ t.

Vd: c<'> dt'mg 5 lo ~i k hoi da di~ n dc u Il-l : lt'r di~n cfe u, 15p phtrong. b<it di ~n de u, rmrcri hni m~t de u, hili
mu·oi m ~ t de u .

5 khoi da di~n
ctE~ u
Tlr di ~ n dc u L~p plmong Bat di ~ n dc u Mlf<'1i h ai m~t Hai m uoi m~t

deu cteu
{p; q} 13; 3} 14; 3} {3; 4} {5; 3} {3; 5}
· --· - -·-··- --·--·--·-- - ----· -- ·----·
So m~t 4 6 8 12 20
So dinh 4 8 (l 20
So qn h 6 '11 12 30 30
Ta m doi xlrng kho ng Cl'> co co
SL m~t d oi xlrng 6 l) l)

So dinh +so m~ t - so c~ nh = 2

·-----·- - - - · - - - - - - - - - -- - - ---'
Tr.1n g 1
 THE ricH - DI~N ricH - KHOANG eAcH

CONG Tt-HJ'C TJNH C HAT

Hinh h()p chfr nh ~ t

The tich (1) Ttrt ca c<:\c m~ t Ia hlnh chfr nh~ t .
Vti/JC'D.A' IJ'(' ' D ' = a he
A' D'
(2) M~ t d\ u ngo<;1i tiep hlnh h6p chfr
Di~n tich tp S111 = 2( ab + he + co)
C' nh ~ t co tam Ia 0 va ban kinh
8~
c
·o
Du·ong clu~o A' C = Ja 2 -1-// + c 2 2 2
AC' )a +b +c
2
A. b D Vtu <lien 2 uuong l'hco do i dicn I
R c:=-- = - -- - -
a =- 2 2
v lwp 3
8· ·c
VIU uicn CUll lai I
=
I'Jwp 6

Hinh l~p phuang

3 (1) Til't cci cac m~t Ia hlnh vuong.
fl;' (:>' Th e ti ch V1wrD 11 .n·c· o· = a
(2) M~ t ca u ngo<.1 i tie'p hlnh l~p
Di~n tich tp S1fi = 6a
2
8'·- a-· ·. 'C' ! phuo ng co t5m Ia 0 va ban kinh
·o a Duong clu!o A 'C = a.fi R = AC' = a.fi
A. ·D
a 2 2
8· ·c
Hinh chop Tlle tich
s
~
I
2 V = (jabc 1-cos·, x - cos·~ y - cos 2 z + 2cos x.cos y. c
l: ()
-- -
I : rh~
A - - -~ - ~ --_ .... ____ C
v6-i x = BSC,y = ASC, z = ASIJ

(3) V = ~S/1./JC.d [SA, /JC].sin( SA, lJC)

6
~H -

SA' SIJ' ,< ;c

Ti 1~ the tich Vs_ A'IJ'c - --
Vs. ArJc S/1 SIJ SC
r-----------------~~-------------------------~--------------------- ----
Hinh lang tr~:~
A'
,, C' The ti ch VAIIC. !I ' IJ'C' = h. Sd;1y 1 l~ h~'
T'1 c; t e he
' I1
·' ' l I'Jlinh 5 dinh = ~
/: '' I
Khoang each
i
I '
I '
' i
i vl ru tam gmc
. 3
I :h Is' i' d[ A',( ABC)]= V;t/J: ··tl ' B'C'
:' :' I! I
St riiC I'JJinh 4 dinh I
.
A~ : .! . =J
vtru lillll gmc
', tH ;
' i
'·i.··
B

Tra n g 2
 Cong thlrc tl s6 t he tich
~ AM BN CK
D~t ,y = AA ' ,y = BB ' ,z = CC '

VAIIC'M NK - X +y +z
v,wc "''J' (' ' 3

lJ

Tlr di ~n vu o ng
I (1) SA, SB, SC d o i m 9 t v uo ng g6c
c T h e' tich Vs.A/IC =(/tbc:
,,.... ' (2) Mi:\ t cau ngo~ i tiep hln h chop c6
/: ' .,
: . Kh oa ng each g l)i d =d [S, ( ABC )] I 2 h2 2
I
I :c
: b an - ' -+- - -+c
' k 'lll Il I'a R =Va --
2
_ri~- --- _q---- ~ ~ ;.B
; a_.·
/' ,,··

T lr tli~n <1 ~ 11 C<)nh a

c6 3 kic h tlnr6-c: A/J = CD= o, !JC = AD= b,CA = !JD = c

T lr tli ~ n gi\ n (1 ~ 11
Jl,wcn =~ ~(o2 +b2 -c2)(b2+C2 -c/ )(c2 -l-02 - b2)
Hinh cho p co clay hi .'J' Cong thlrc tl so th e tich
hinh blnh ha nh ( MNPQ) lei m9t m ~t ph~ng
SA SB SC SD
x = SM 'y = SN ' z= SP ' 1 = SQ
U rc mly La c6:

/) x+z = y+ l
Jl.,. MNI'IJ _ X + )' + Z -1- I
u V.~ Alir ·n 4xyzl
Hinh c hop q tt C<ing tht'rc th& tich hinh chop qrt
.
....
.·,... .'.
" .

. ' ' ·.
. l' : . ' . V'
;\;ii_: r\
/ In· (/\:• ,

--S'1:I:·-·-·
)
I i •t, \
/
.l'.
I
· - ,. . I)
' I •
._ II "· 'I /
/J . .....
('

\l_.t'IJ'C"O'. :l/JCD h ·( !:)... + s'

= 3 + VfO'Ois·')
._') . J

trong d6 8 = S';tfl('D; S' = S ,t'D'C" D'

Trang 3
 KHOJ TRON XOA y CC)NC THlJ'c: KJ-101 TR()N XOt\ Y KII AC
- - - - - - - - ·· - · - - -·-··- - ·- - - - - - -···- -------------------·--- ·- -·-. ·---
H i rth ch (> m d u (h ~JC ki 2)
Hinh diu y
4 J
The tich hlnh c'au V ==- rr l?
3
Di~n tich m~t c'au S11 , = 4rr R2
Tfr( r-fcft fti11fr c/l(i111 C;l ll (/J(I C fit 2)
b
V = rr J( R 2 - x 2 }tx
a "<, _____ ' ___/
' -·"
' ·'

t-- - - -- - - - - - -l- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

1-Iinh tr~1 Hinh tr1,1 bi d t bt'li mp
/----- -.,1_ --l~- The tich
fli11h l ru

V = hrr R 2
'-.. A
,l .,··R ..,_ /
~ . . .------ J----·-""·t_n Di~ n tich xq Sxq = 2rr fUr
ho'
' 2
Di ~n tich tp S 1P = 2rr fUr + 2rr R
I'
~ · - -- t- ~- ... - .. _
t ', Hi11ft I ru /1[ etf I IHi-i Ill p
' ~~.._
n~.--
:
r·
1{ - ... ; ,/
·-----~--- --- c The tich

V = rraR 2 + _!_(b - a )rr R2 == _!_(a+ h)i7 R2

2 2
Di~ntichxq S =( a +b )rr R

Hinh nbn II infr lltlll Hinh no n C ~l(

The tich V = ~ lurR 2

J
Di~n tich xq s'"'' = rr t?J
2
Di~n tich tp S 1P == 7f Rl + rr /?

1-lillft 116 11 qtl

The ti ch V = ~ h rr ( r?-1- ,] +r1 r2 )

Di ~ ntichxq .)'xq = rr (r1 + r2)/

Hinh E lip Iron xo;~y 11infr clip (/r(lC ki 2) Hlnh Elip (/rqc fo' 2)
Di~n tich Elip S = rrab x2 v2
--+ ~-= 1
Di~n tich Elip bi g i6 i h <)n bbi hai c/ bJ1
dm'm g thAng x == x 1 ,x = x2

-n

1/inft r:fi(l tn\11 .\'OOlf fl11111f f/111111/t Ox

The tich v = -4 rrah 2 --/1

J

Tr<1ng 4
 BAN KINH MJ\T CAU NGOAI TIEP

DANG 1: Hinh chop co cac dinh nhin do<;~n th~ ng noi 2 GQi d Ia d9 dai do<;~n th~ng nhin cac
dinh con l<;~i duoi ] goc vuong. dinh con l;;~i du6i 1 goc vuong.

' k lll
Ban ' hI a' R = -d
2

DANG 2: Hlnh chop co e<k c<;~ nh ben bilng nhau .

GQi h Ia d9 cao hinh chop
k Ia chie u dai C(;lnh ben

' 11 t'a R=e-

, k 1n
Ban
2/i

DANG 3: Hlnh chop co c<;~n h ben vuo ng goc day

GQi IJ Ia chi'eu cao hlnh chop

R., Ia ban kinh etta d ay

Ban kinh la R = /? 2 .L
r
!!_
" 4

DANG 4: Hlnh chop co m~t hen vuong goc day

R" Ia ban kinh m ~ t ben

R" Ia ban kinh O:ta day

c
GT Ia do dai do;;~n giao tuycn etta
m~tben va day

BOn -k-in_h_la_R_=_F' ? 2 =+=R=,/=_==G=~=2 =---~

_-;:1=~=

1- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - ---------- ------
H~ THUC U JQNG TRONG TAM G IA C

1) Djnh ly eosin trong tam giac 3) Cong th{rc di ~n tich tam giac
I I I
b2 + cz - {/ S =-a.h = -b.h1 =-c.h,.
, ? ., 2 2 Cl . 2
{r = b·· + c- - 2bc. cos A => cos A = - - - -
2bc
2) Djnh ly sin trong tam giac S = -I b C.S .lll A = -CO.Sl
I .ll B =-
I a b .S .ill C'
2 2 2
-a- = - b- = - ..: - = 2J>\ (R : ba' n k' tn
' I1 d u ong
' '
tron n go<;~ t· ·
ttep
N )
S = abc
sin A sin B sin C 4R
3) Djnh Iy trun g tuyen S = p.r
~--------

s = ~p(p -- a)(p - b)(p- c)

4
I (p Ia n(ra chu
vi,
( m. Ia dodai trung tuycn xuat phat tt'r A) rIa ban kinh duon

T ran g 5
 CHU'ONG I: KHAO SAT HAM SO- (J'NG Dl)NG D~O HAM
DON DljJ:U
Cau 1. Ham b~c ba : y = f( x ) = ax 3 + bx 2 + ex +d (a -:t- 0)

• ;~. bien
Ham f <long ~ tren IR <=> Y 2 0, Vx E IR <=> {a>'. > 0 <=> {a 2> 0
1

~.v· ~ 0 b - Jae ~ 0

• , .
Ham f ngh1ch baen tren lR
.~ ~ <=> y I ~ 0, Vx E IR <=> {ar.· <O<=> {a < O
2
~>'.~ 0 b -3ae ~ O

' ncu
L U'll y: ~ tll( so
~ a co tl tam so
A ~ '
111 t I11'
, ~ [a = O,b = O,e>O
• Ham f dong bien tren ~ <=>
a > 0, b2 - 3ae ~ 0

• ~ [a = O,b = O,e < O

Ham f nghich bien tren JR <=>
· a < 0, b 2 - 3ae ~ 0

C au 2. H'amBl/Bl: y =-
A ax+b
- => y
I
= ad - be
ex+d (cx+d)2
• Ham f c16ng bi~n tren t trng khoang xac dinh<=> y I > 0, Vx E D <=> ad - be> 0
• H<'u n f nghjch bi~n tren tung khoang xac djnh <=> y I < 0, Vx E D <=> ad - be < 0

Cl/C TRJ
Cau 3. N~u .f d?t qrc tri t?i x0 => f l(x0 ) = 0 => 111 = ...
Sau c16 tht'r l?i:
+ n~u f"(x0 ) >0 => x = x0 ladi€mqrcti€u.
+ n6u f"(x0 ) < 0 => x = x0 Ia diem qrc<l~L
+ n€u f "( x 0 ) = 0 => kh ong k€t lu~n duqc, phai dung B BT m6i bi €t x = x0 c6 ph ai Ia diem q rc tri hay k hong?

Cau 4. Hiun b~c ba: y = f(x) = ax3 + bx 2 +ex+ d (a -:t- 0)

• Ham f c6 hai diem qrc tri (CD, CT) <=> yl = 0 c6 2 nghi ~ m phan bi~t <=> b 2 - 3ac > 0

(Trung di~m c(w hai di~m qrc tri Ia diem u6n)

• Ham f khong c6 qrc tri <=> b
2
- 3ae ~ 0

Cau 5. Ham trun g phuo·n g: y = f (x ) = ax" + bx + e ( a

2
-:t- 0) .
• Ham f c6 ba diem C\fC tri <=> ab < 0 (3 diem qrc tri luon t?O thanh I tam giac can, I diem E Oy )
, , { a >O
Ham so c6 hai
' tieu va mot
CU'C
' <=> b < 0 .
. dai
' ClfC

Ham so c6
, ,
m Q~t ClfC tieu va hai ClfC dai
{a
<=> b >< 00 .
. . .
• l-lzun fc6mot diem q rc tri <=> ab 2 0 (I diem E Oy)

Ham so. c6 dtmg mot

. cue
. tri. va ctrc
, {a> 0
' ticu <=> b 2 0 .
. tri. Ia ctrc

.
Ham so c6 dung m Q~t cue
. tri. va cue
. tri. Ia cue
. dai
. <=> {a < 0 .
h ~ O

Trang 6
C au 6 . II am
A ' 131 /l~l
> : y = -- b kl 1ong
( IX+ " co' eve tq..
cx+ d
MIN - MAX
Cfiu 7. PhlJ'(mg ph;\p ti111 GTLN - G7'NN c tia l1illl1 s6 y = } (\) tdm 111(Jt c10(lll xcic c1inh [a; b].
lll.Tinh y' =f'(x) . Tim cac n ghi ~m xp.r2 , ... E [a, b] ctw f' (x)=O.
B2. T inh cac gia tri f (x1 ),f(x2 ) , ... ,f(u) , f(h) .
B3. S6 16"n nh< / (.r1) ,./ (.r2 ) , ... , f(a) , f(b) Ia GTLN ctJa hamjtren [n ; b).
h trong cac gia tri
s6 nh6 nhfit trong cac gia tri f (XI ) ,f (x2)' ..., f (a) ' f (h) Ia GTNN Clltl lu\m f trcn [n; b).
Cfiu8.l-larn y =f( x) xac djnh va li en 1\IC tren [n,b].

• N€ll y =f (x) d6ng bi€ntren (a, h) thi Min f (x)=f(a), Mnxf (x)=l (b) .
Ju.l>j Ja,hJ

• N~ ll y =f (x) nghjch bi€ntren (o,b) tlli Min f (.r) = / (b) , Maxf( x)=f (a) .
1···"1 ,.. ,hJ

l>U'ONG T IIJ;M C~N

Cfiu 9. Ti ~ m c ~n

• '
lim . f (x) = +CX)
.<-{<.,)
lim . f
x->(.<u}
r (x) = - 00
x =-= x 0 Ia TCH nell c6 I trong c:lc diell ki ~n sall . .( ) hay . )
Inn _./ x = -oo Inn _f (x = -I·OO
·' ----.(x0 ) r r-~(.ru )

. , [ lim f { x) = y 0
y = Yo Iii TCN nell c6 I trong hai di eu ki~ n sall ·' ~'' ' (
lun j x ) = Yo
X ·-J -.1 •

Nh~n xct : D6 thi h;\m s6 c6 th € c6 nhi~u TC D, nlmng chi c6 t6i da 2 TCN.

ax--+ h
)1 = d ,co. 1'CN I'a )1= -0 .
co. 1'C 1:) I'a x =- -
· ex +d c · c
TU'ONG CIAO D{) TI-IJ
Cfiu 10. G iao di6m hai d6 thj : Cho hai d6 thi : (C):y =f (x) ,(C') :y =g(x) .
Phuong trinh hoanh d<) gino d i~m : / (.r) = g- (.r) (*) .
s6 nghi ~ m C lla plnrung trinh (*) Ia s6 giao di ~m .
Cfiu II. Ti~p tuy~n ctia clA thj
I) Phuu ng tri nh ti~p tuy€n li)i di~m M ( x 0 ,f (x,J)) Ia: y = f' ( x0 )(.r - X0 ) + f (x0 )
2) Ti ~p tuy€n ct'w (C) c6 h~ s6 g6c Ia k ~ f' (x0 ) = k
Ti ~ p tuy€n ci'1a (C) song song ( ~ ) : y = ax -t-b => f' (xu ) =a
Ti~p tuy~n CliCl (C) vuong g6c (A) : y = ax + b => f' (xu) =.=...!.
a
Phtrang trinh dtrong phfin giac th(r I Iii: y = x

Phtro·ng trinh dm'm g plul n giac th(r II h\: y = - x

J) Ti€p tuy€n c(w (C) qua di~ m A (x,y" ) c6 d~ n g: y = k (x- x,1) + y,~

. {f (x) = k( x- x,~ ) +y~. . ..

·rinl k bang cc\ch giit i h ~: · (SO n ghi~rn k cl1a h~ 1ft sO hrQ·ng tiep tuy€n).
f' (x) = k

T ran g 7
D i~u l<i ~n ti~p x(•c: Cho hai d6 thi : (C):y =f(x) ,(C'):y =g(x)

, {f(x) = g(x )
(C) ticp x\rc (C') <=> c6 nghi¢m.
f '(x) = g'(x)

Cau 12. M(>t s6 cong thuc d~ i s6 d n nh6': cho plmong trinh b~c hai: ax 2 + hx + c =0 (I) ( a :t 0)

{p >0
~ >0
PT ( I ) c6 2 n g hi~ m tn1i d ~ u <=> P < 0 PT ( I ) c6 2 n ghi ~ m pb cimg d ~ u <=>

PT ( I ) c6 2 nghi~m pb duo·ng <=> {~: ~ PT ( I ) c6 2 nghi~m pb am <=>{~:~

S >O S <O

6 >0
PT ( I ) c6 2 nghi~m pb { x X1 <a
<a
<=> x 1 + x 2 < 2a
2 {
( x1 - a) ( x2 - a) > 0
6 >0 ' .2
~\I
I21' , 2 - · (" l. -
"r .\ 2 .... ' )
PT( l )c6 2 n g h i~m x 1 < a <x 2 <=> { ( .
~\I - (/
)( .
.\ 2 - (/
)
<0 1
Hjnh I)' Viet can nh6· ·' ·' _ ,, _ ) .
.\I -j- .\ 2 - .~ J / ,\

C AC CONG T H U'C BO TRQ'- MO' IH)NG CAN N HO

Cau 13. Phuong trinh duang th ~ng di qua hai c1i6m q rc tri

Hiun l>~c3 : y = .f ( x ) = ax'+bx 2 +cx+ d ( a :t O)

Th~rc hi¢n p hcp chi a ~ ta c1uqc y = q( x ).y'+ r(.r) => y = r( x ) Ia duO'ng th~ng c1i qua ha i diem qrc tri.
y

ax 2 +br+c (ax2+hx + c)' 2ax+b

1-Iam B2/Bl: y = .f( x ) = ~ => y = = Ia chrcmg th ~ n g eli qu n hni di ~ m q rc tri.
dx+e ((/x -r-e)' d
Cau 14. S6 nghi9m phtro·ng trinh
a :t 0
Phuo·ng td uh l>ac hai : ax 2 +bx + c = 0 c6 hai nghicm phfin bict <=> .
. . . {~ >0

Pluro·ng td uh b~c ba: ( x - x 0 )(m:2 + hx+c) = 0 c6 ba ngh i~ m phan bi9t

2
<=> ax + bx + c: = 0 c6 2 nghi 9m phan bi9t khac x :t x0 .

2
b - 4ac > 0

{
~>0
-h
Phtro·ng tt·i nh trimg phtro·ng: ax 4 +bx 2 + c = 0 c6 4 nghi ¢rn phan bi9t <=> S > 0 <=> - > 0
a
1' > 0
c
-> 0
a

Ca u 15. Co ng tht'rc l<h m'i ng eac h: cho M( .r,11 , y"' ) , d trcrn g t h~ n g (d): !l.r + By+C = 0
T rang 8
Cau 16. Cong th(rc di~n tich tam giac thco tQa (f():

AB = (a ,b)
Cho ~ABC c6 _
{ AC = ( c,d )
. Lli C nay, cl i(\n tich S, !/1( . = ~lac! - bcj.

Cfiu 17. Tinh chAt c16i xlrng

+D6 thi y = f(x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx+cl (a :;e O) c6 H\ma6i x(rng lad i ~mu6 n.

-1- D0~ I I1!. y ux +-

= ./ .( X ) = - b CO
' tam uA OI
A~ . XLI'• Ilg Ia' I ( --d ;-
(/)
cx+ d c c
+ D6 thi y = f ( x) = a.-.:'1 + bx 2 + c nh ~n Oy Ifun tq1c ct6 i xlrng.
Cau J8. M()t s6 cong thlrc clinh m cl~ PT, BPT c6 ngh i ~m
+ Plurong trinh : f (x) = 111 c6 n ghi~rn <=> Min f (x) ~ 111 ~ Maxf (x)
+ BAt plnrong trinh : 111 ~ f(x) co nghi~m X E D <=> m :<;; Maxf(x)
.\"E J)

+ BAt plnrong trinh: 111 ;::>: f(x) co nghi~m x E D <=> 111 ;: >: Min f (x)
.\·E/J

+ BAt plnrong trinh: 111 ~ f (x) nghi~m dlmg Vx E D <=> m ~ Min f (x)
.\'E/J

+BAt phuung trinh: 111 ;::>: f{x) nghi~m <1lmg Vx E D <=> 111 ;::>: Maxf(x)
x e /)

PS: Min , max phfa tren c6 th ~ hi ~u Ia ti~ n t6'i (theo S\1' giai thich cCm Thfty khi ciZty), k~t qua ra 111 co ciAu bAng
hay kh6ng c6 ctAu b~ng thi plu'li hr duy.
s6 cong thlrc d\10 ham dn nh6
Cfiu 19. M()t
y =f(u) => y'=u'.f'(u)
1 1
y =[.f(u)]" => y' =ll.[/(u)]"- .[/ (u)]' =ll.ll'../'(u).[J (u)]"-
a 11 + b ad - be ,
y =--~ y'= , .II
C/H· d ( C/1 ·I· d) -
Cau 20. MOt s6 cong th(rc nhanh h·ong CI,I'C tJ·j tn'mg plui'O'ng.
Ham s6: y = ax·1 + hx 2 + c (a :1- 0) co 3 di~m qrc tri Ia A, B, C t~o thanh tam g iac ABC can t~1i A.
Tinh chat Dicu kiCn
MBC c6 g6c BA C = a - cosa =
b +Sa 3

b 3 - 8a
SA/I(' =S s2 = - bs
32a 3
S',111<. c6 bnn kinh ducmg tron b3 - 8a
R=
ngo~ i ti ~p Ia R 8jajb

Ca u 21. M<)t s6 c6ng th t'rc giai plurong trinh va bflt phuong trinh
[f(x)J ;::>: 0 <=> x E I~ [.f (x)J ~ O <=> f(x) = O
[ J(x)J > 0 <=> f ( x) * 0 [ f(x) J < 0 <=>xE0

Trilng 9
 I
f(x) = a ).l (x) = a (a 2 0) <=> .f (x) = a 2

I.f(x)l =a (a 2 0) <=> [·.f(x) = -a 1 - 1f(x) 2 0 (hayg(x) 2 0)

r::t::\
-y.f(x) = -yg(x) <=>
.f(x) =g(x)
lf(x)l = lg(x)l <=> [.f(x) = g(x)
.f (x) =- g (x) g(x) 2 0
g(x) 2 0 ).f(x) = g(x) <=> { f(x) =[g(x)J
lf(x)l = g(x) <=> [.f (x.) = g (x) ).f(x) =lg(x)l <=> .f(x) = [g(x)J
{
.f(x) =-g (x)

Ciiu 22. H~un s6 ch~n, lu\m s6 lc

y= .f (x) Ia hiun ch~n <=> {x, (- x E) D ( ) ham ch ~n nh~n Oy 1 ~1111 tr\IC c16i x(rn g
.f - x = .f x
X ,-X E D
y = .f( x) Ia hiun lc <=> ( ) .( ) ham le nh~ n g6c to11 d(> 0 l:'1111 tiim d6i x(rn g
{ .f-x =-.fx
Ciiu 23. M(>t s6 cong th(rc 0\10 hi11n d n nh6
D\l o hiu11 Ham hQ'p

(x" )' = n.x"-1 ( 11 ,) , = n.u"-1 _11 ,

C'= O x'=1

(~} ==~ ( ~ )' =

II
-1~ '
/1

(E)· =2~ (~)· =_u_

2fz;
'

(sin x)' = cosx (sinu)' = u'.cosu

(cosx)' = - sin x (cos u)' = - u'. sinu
1 u'
(tan x)' = - 2
- (tanu)' =- -2 -
COS X cos /1· - - - · -- - --
- 1 - u'
(cot x)' = -.- 2- (cot u )' = -.- 2-
Sill X S ill 11
Quy tac ti nh d<_to ham
(U.V )' = U 'V + V'U ( C.U )' = C.U '

(U} = U'V - V'U ( ax + b } ad - be

2
Jl 1/ 2 c.r + d = ( cx+d)

Ciiu 24. M()t s6 cong th(rc luqng giac d n nh6

co BAN NHAN DOl NHAN DA
sin 2 x+cos 2 x = l
ta n x = s in xI cosx sin 2x = 2sin x.cosx 2 I + cos2x
COS X = - - -
cotx = cos x jsinx 2 2 2
cos2x = cos x - sin x
tanx.cotx = J . I -cos 2x sin:lx = :lsi n x - 4si n ~ x
= 2cos 2 x - I = l - 2sin 2 x
2
s1n x=- - -
2 1 2 cos:lx =4 cos' x - :lcosx
l + tan x = - - 2 tan x 1- cos2x
cos2x lan 2x = - ----,-- 2
tan x = -- -
1- ta n 2 x 1+cos2x
2 1
l + cot x = --
s in2x

Tran g JO
 CHU'ONG 11: LOGARIT - MU
Can I: Cac cong th(rc ca ban
Cong th{rc luy thira- mft Cong th{rc logarit
• V6i a :;e O; II E 7L • Cho 0 < a :;e I va b >0
II
a = log, b <=> a" = b
-= ( /
II
(/
log, I = 0 log, u =I
0° Vfl 0-" khong CO nghia.
log, a" = n
• V6-i a :;e O ;b :;e O; m,11 E Z • Cho 0 < a :;e I va b, c > 0
am .a" =0 , 111 log" ( h.c) = log, h + log, c
a "'
-
a"
=a
m-n
log ,, (!?_) = log
(.'
,, b - log c (I

(a"')" = o"'" log,, b" = n.log, h

II II l II
I
( ll .I) ) = (I .) - = - log,, b
log"h

( :..'b )" =~
b"
log, !!Jb = ~ log, b
n
• Cho 111, 11 E 7L • Cho b,c > 0
a>I : d" > a" <=> 111 > 11 a>I: log" b > log" c <=> b > c
O< a < l : a "' > a" <=> 111 < 11 0 <a < I : log" b > log, c <--> b < c
• V6i 0 < a < b va Ill E 'g, thi • Cho 0 < a :;e I va b,c > 0
a "' < b"' <=> 111 > 0 a>I: log, h > 0 <=> b > I
a "' > //" <=> 111 <0 . 0<o<I : log, b > 0 <=> b < I
• Cho a, b ~ 0 ; 111, 11 E N*; p,q E 7L • V6i a,b,c > 0 v:l a , b :;t: I
log c
w =*'-1& log, b. log" c = log, c => log" c = --"-
log, b
(b > 0) •V6i a,b >O va a,b :;e l
f.
I
log, b. log" a = I => log" b = - -
~ = £1 " ( (/ > 0) logto o
• V6i a,b >O; (l:;t:l va n :;t: O
Ill
log h"' =- log b
o" II a
• Cho a >O, m E7L, n E N*
Ill log b = log • b" = log.,
'1 ~~~
ifh
=~
II

((-;;
• Logar it co· s6 10: log 10 a = log a
• Logarit co· s6 c: log. o =In a

Cau 2: I Hun s6 lfty thlra

D!NH NGHIA: y = x", a E ~ gQ i Ia hiun s6 lliy tht'ra.
Tftp xac dinh: y =x" tt'1y thu()c gin tri a. C~1 th~ :
• a nguyen dtrong thi ham s6 c6 TXD Ia IR.
• a n guyen il m ho~c b~ng 0 th i ham s6 xac dinh khi ca s6 khac 0 .
• a kh6ng nguyen thi ham s6 xac dinh kh i w s6 dtrong.
H:.w lu\ m: y=x", aE~ v6-i '1/x > O. D~ohilm y'=(x")' =ax"- •
1

T r il n f; n
 T i NH C HAT CUA H AM SO LUY T H (fA :
Xct trcn k hoang ( 0; +co), hfun s6 y = x", a E JR

• 06 thi qua d i~m {I; 1).

• a > 0 hiun s6 d6ng bien ; a < 0 ham s6 nghich bien.
• Khi a > 0 d6 thi khong c6 ti ~m c~n
Khi a <0 c16 thi c6 t i~m c~ n ngang y = 0, ti9m r.~ n c1Lrng x = 0.

Cau 3: H'am so" Iogant - rn u

Ham so m ii H am so loga rit
Cho 0 < a T- I . Cho 0 < a T- I .
Ham s6 d~n g y = a' duqc goi Ia ham s6 mu Hil m s6 d~n g y = log, x du"Q"c gQ i 1~1 hiun s6
co so (/. logarit co s6 a.
• T~p xac dj nh : D = IR . • T~p xac dinh: D = ( 0 ; +oo) .
• T~p gia tri : T = f( D) = (O ;+oo) . • T{lp gia tri: T = /(D) = IR .
------
I
D l;lo ham: y ' = cr'·. In a
I
Dl;lO hiun: v = - -
x. lu a
• a > I => y ' > 0, \:fx E R • a > I => y ' > 0, V x E ( 0; +ro)
==> hiun s6 d6ng b i~n trcn ~~ . => ham s6 cl6ng b i~ n trcn ( 0; +oo) .

• 0 < a < I => y ' < 0, Vx E lR • 0 < a < I => y ' < 0, Vx E ( 0; +oo)
=:> hiun s6 nghich bien trcn 1~ . => hilm s6 ngh ich b i~n trcn ( 0; Hn) .
·- ~- ~~~--------- ·-

T i ~m c~n ngang: y = O T i ~m c~ n <lli·ng : .r = O

-------

,.,.\ }/'"c
t>A thi ufi thi
!I
II ,
I
I
!1 - loy,, r
I
I ..·,/- , = '"f/f,l"
I /

...
I
_ _ .....J_
0
----·-
/ "---
0 .r
I,0
I
]I
I'
I
!J - Ioy,.r

·Il•

O< a < l,b > l,c > l O< c < l,a> l,b > l
b>c >a c <a< b

Ca u 4. E> ~o h am ham so mG - logarit

D~o ham h a m so mu D~o h a m ha m so logarit

I
y = log" x => y ' = - -
y= a' => y = a ' ln a x In a
y = a" => y = u '.a" In a I II I
y = log" u => y = - -
u ln a
I
y = e'.=> y ' = e' y = ln x => y ' = -
y

I II'
y = e" => y ' = u' .e"
I
ji ::; 11 11 => I' = -
II

T r 01 n g 12
Cfi u 5.
PII U'ONG TRiNH - BAT PI-IU'ONG TRiNH M0
Y 6'i o > 0 vfl a 7:- I .
I) aJ(.•) = a ~(·)<=> J(x) = g(x)
2) a f (x) = 111 <=> f(x) = log, 111

3) (/
/ (•) •(r)
> a'~ <=>
[/(x) > g(x), k hi a >I
f(x) <g (x) , khi O<a < I
J(•) [/ (x) > log, 111, kh i a >I
•l)a >m~
f(x) < log., 111, khi 0 <a < I .

PH U'ONG TldNII - BAT Pllll'ONG TRiNH LOGAIHT

Y 6'i o > 0 vfl o 7:- I .
. {f(x) =g (x)
I) log.,J(x) =log"g (x) <=> /(x) > O(hayg(x) > O)
2) log., f(x) =111 <=> f(.r) = a'"
f (x) > g(x) > 0, khi a> I
3) log f(x) > log g ( ~·) <=>
" . " , [ 0 < j ( X ) <g ( X ) , kl 11. 0 <a< I

f (x) >a"', khi a > l

4) log f(x )>m<=>
" [0 < / ( x) < a"' , k hi 0 < a < I

Ca u 6. Li'ii su:1t nga n hiwg.

Lai l<cp (tlm(rng g~ p ho·n) : ti~ n lai ct'm kl h1,1n tnr&c n ~ u nglr6'i gt'ri kh 6ng r(lt ra thi c1lrqc tinh viw v6n c1€ tinh
lai cho ki h1,1n sau.

lnt;\NG tl- Giri ti~n ngan hfmg 1 li'in.

G!ri viw ngfi n hiwg A d6ng (lai kep). Tinh s6 ti~nth u duqc (t6ng vOn vil lai) sau n th{wg.
Gi'ri Y<lO ngiin hfl ng: A dfl ng.
La i sufit lai kep: r% I thtmg.
Sfl thang: II thflng.

CONG TH(J'C: s6 ti~n c6 duqc sau n than g Ill S, = A(l +r)"

I~@]- G ii'i ti~n ngan hfmg m6i th:ing nhu· nhau.
Gt'ri vflo ngan hfl ng m6i dftu thang A ct6ng (lai kep- dftu tlulng m\o cling gt'ri them A ct6ng) Tinh s6 ti€n th u
duQ·c (t6ng v6n vflla i) sau n thang.
Gtri vilo ngi\n hang: A ct6ng vao ctfiu m6 i thnng.
Lai sufit lai kep: r% I than g.
S6 !hang: II th fl ng.

CONG Tl-l(fC: S6 ti€n c6 chrqc sau 11 thang h\ S, = 1[(1+r)" - 1] ( 1+r)

Trang 13
~ - Gi'ri ngan ha ng va rut ti~n gii·i m6 i than g.
G t'ri vao ngan hang A d6ng (lai kep). M 6i cu6i thang d~n rt'1t X dflng. Tinh s6 ti~n con l~i sa n" thang.
Gt'ri vao ngan hang: A d6 ng.
Ui i sufit lai kep: r % I thang.
s6 ky h~n : n tlul ng.
Cu6 i m6i than g rt'1t: X c16ng.

(I + r)" - I
CONG TH(J'C: Sf> ti6n con l~i sau n ki h <.~n 1<1
A

S, = A (I + r)" - X. -'-------'---
r

lo~NG ~ - Vay v6n t..a gop.

Yay ngan hang A d6ng ( lai kep), sa u dtmg I thang k~ ttr ngay vay, b5t dfiu tn\ gop mot s6 ti ~ n X va tr:\ h ~t no·
sau dt'mg 11 thitng. Tim s6 ti~ n X nay ?
Yay ngan hang: A a6ng.
Ui i sufit lai kcp: r% / than g.
Sfl tiH:t ng tni h6t ll Q·: II !hang.
Sf> ti 6n tn\ g6p vao cufl i m6i than g: X d6ng.

(l + r)" - 1 Ar( l + r)"

= 0 => X =---'-------'--
A ,, • , , _ , ( ) "

CONG THU C : S6 tien X can tra m6 i cu6i thang Ia A I + r - X.

,. ( l +r)" - 1
' - - - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - --

M0TS6C6NG TH0CB6SUNG
1) C ong
A t l HI'C
' t IICA tJc
' I1 I1111
' I1 C IlOp
'
DIEU KlE N TU DlEN CONGTHU'C
{SA ~ a, SB = b,SC=c ~~~ AIIC = a~c ~I - cos 2 a - cos 2 fJ - cos 2 <p + 2cos a cos fJ cos (p
ASB =a ,Bse' = fJ,CsA = <p Khi bi~t 3 q mh, 3 g6c 6' c1inh I t[r di~ n
--
{All ~ a CD =b VAtJcv = I_ abd sin a
d(AB,~D) = d,(AB,CD) = a 6
Khi bi €t 2 q mh cl6i, khoang each va g6c 2 C(.l nh d6

{~~;~~:~.~;~;):~,SA =a
~~~A/1( '
3a
=
2S/12 sin a

Khi bi6t m<)t C(.lnh, di ~n tlch va g6c gina 2 nt ~ t k~

BC= a, CA =b, AB =c vacacgoc
g iC'ra ( SBC) ,(SCA) va (SAB) v6i
Jl,. IIIC =
·'
(ABC ) lfi n luc,>t Ia a, {J, y. Khi bi6t 3 c~ n h day va g6c
2 p(p - a )(p - b )(p - c)
3 ( a.cota + b.cot fJ+ c.coty)
Clla 3 Ill~( ben va m ~ t day.

{SA =a SB b SC c = = fJ .
~n),(0) = a
_ ahc . .
I1s Am· - s1n <psm a s1n
6
Khi bi ~t 3 c~ nh , 2 goc 6' c1inh va I goc nhi cli~n
ASB = fJ, ASC = <p
Tlr di ~n d ~ u
= --
a'J2
uh ca cac c~ nh b~n g a VA/1!'1)
12
- -
rB =CD=a
Tlr di ~ n gfi n d~u AC = BD = b V .
Alllll
= 12J2 ~(a 2 +h2 - c 2
) ( '/
2 2
+c - r/ )(a + c - h
2 2
)

AD = BC = c

Tmng 14
2) B:\i tm\n hinh n6n 11)0 b6'i phfin con l<.1i ctb h inh tron sau khi d t b6 d i hinh c u~t
0
Tt'r hinh tron (O;R) cAt b6 cti hinh qu<.tl

Amfl. D(l dai cung AnB bllng x. Phfin R

COn l::ti Clla hi11h Iron giH~ p l ~ i dtrQ'C lllQI
hi11h 11611. Tim ban kf11h, c hi~u cao va d() /J
dai dtrcmg sinh c!1a hinh n6 n d6. Ill
A: ll

I=R
2tr
Hinh n6 n cluq-c 1<.10 tlu1nh c6 2rrr = x => r = - .
X

--------------------~------~------------------------~----------------~
3) Bai loan tim ban l<inh m~t can ngo:~i ticp.
Ch6p S.A JJCD... c6 dm'mg cao Sf/ , tfim dtro·ng tron ngo:;1 i tiSp day Ia 0
GQi r Ia ban kfnh dtr6·11g tron ngo~1i tiSp ch\y va h Ia chi ~ u cao hinh ch6 p.
1 2
Ta c:6: IR 2
== x 2 +r 2 1 v6i X = so -r
211

4) , ton
nan , t1 m~t
- can
). llQ I tlcp:A. • " []Jv
r =- .
s,,,
-b
z1 +z 2 +z3 = -
a
3 2 c
5) Djnh ly viet ct'1a piHrO'ng trinh b~c 3: az +bz +cz -HI = 0 (a ,b,c, d E IR) z1z 2 + z2 z3 -1- z3 z 1 ::::-
(/

77'7
-c
= --
-,- 2- J
a
6) ·DAng bi&n - nghjch bi&n
+ N~ u f' (x) > 0, \fx E (a; b) ==> ham s6 j ( x) dAng bi ~ n trc n khoang (a;b).
1- N~u f' (x) <O, 'v'x E (o;b) => ham s6 f(x ) nghjch bi~n tren khoa ng (a ;b).
+ N€u f' (x) =0, 'v'x E (a;b) ==> hfun s6 I (x) ld1ong ct6i tre n khoang (a; b).
+ N~u I (x) ct8ng bi ~n tren khoang (a;b) ==> f' (x) c. 0, 'v'x E (a;b).
+ N€u I (x) nghjch bi~n tren khoang (a;b) ==> f' (x) 5 0, 'v'x E (a; h) .
+ N€ u thay d6i khoang ( a;b) bllng m(lt <lo:_tn ho5c nih1 khoilng thi ph iii b6 s ung them g ill thi~t " ham
s6 f ( x) lieu l(tC tren do:;1n ho5c n!m khoiing d6".
• NSu ham s6 I (x) va g (x) cllllg ct6ng biSn (llghich biSn) tren K thi ham s6 / (x) + g (x) cling ct6ng bi~ll
(nghich biSII) tren K. Tfnh c hAt nay c6 th ~ khong d{mg d6i v6i hi ~ u / (x) - g (x) .
7) C 1.rc trj h iun s6
Djnh nghia
Gia Sll' ham s6 f xac djllh tren t~p K va Xu E K. Ta n6i:
+ x0 Ia cli~m cl,l'C ti ~ u c!1a ham s6 f 11€u t6n t~li m()t khoa ng ( o; b) ch{ra x0 sao cho (a;b) c K va
f (x) > f ( x 0 ), v.,. E ( a; b) \ {x0 } . Khi ct6 f (x0 ) dm,rc gQ i Ia gil\ tt·i qrc ti~ u ct'1 a ham s6.f.
+ x0 Ia cli~ m qrc cl:,ti c!w ham s6 f n~ u t6n t::ti m(>t khoang (a;b) c h{ra x0 sao cho (a; b) c K va
f (x) < f ( x 0 ) , 'v'x E (a ;b)\ {x0 } . Khi d6 f(x 0 ) dtrQ·c gQi Ia gi:\ tt·j Cl,rc d:,ti ctw hfun s6 /.
+ D i ~ m q rc d:;1 i va cti~m qrc ti~ u gQi c hung Ia cli~ m qrc trj .
+ G ia tri q rc d<,ti va gin tri qrc ti~ u gqi chung Ia qrc tt·j.
+ N ~ u .1'0 Ia d i ~ m q rc tri c!1a ham s6 th i d i~ m (.,·0 ; / ( x0 )) dtrQ·c gqi Ia cli~m q rc h'i ci'w ciAthi ham s6 /.

Trang 15
Gia st'r ham s6 y = .f(x) d~tt q rc tri t<;1 i c1 i6m x 0
•

K hi do, n ~ u y = .f(x) c6 d~o ham t~ i dii m x0 thi f'(x0 ) = 0.

C hu y:
+ D~o ham .f'(x) c6 tM b~n g 0 t~i diem x0 nlnrng lu'tm s6 / khong d~t q rc tri t~ i di6m x11 •
+ H<'un s6 c6 thd (1~t q rc tri t~i m(>t di 6m ma t ~ i d6 ham s6 kh ong c6 c1~o hftm.
+ Ham s6 chi c6 thd d~t qrc tri t~1i m(>t di6m m<l t~li d6 d ~o ham ciw ham s6 bA ng 0 ho~c t~ i <1c'1 h<l m s6
kh6ng c6 c1(;lo ham.
8) Cl/C TRJ CUA HAM B~C 4 TRUNG PHU'ONG: y = ax"+ hx 2 + c, (a * 0)
MQT so c6NG THUc G L.\r NHANI-1 -- - -- ------- ---- - ·---
Dii· l<i ~n Cong thlrc
thoa m a n ab < 0 ·--
Tam g iac ABC vuong din t~i A &-' =- 8a --
Tam g iac ABC d~u b' = - 24a --
Ta m g ic\c ABC co di ~n tfch SM111 = So 32a\S11 ) 2 + b5 = 0
-- -- - - -
Tam g iac ABC co di9n tich max(S0 )
So= )-32ctbs '
1-- - ·-- ---~- --------------------

Tam g i<lc ABC c6 ba n kfnh c1u·crn g tron n(li ti cSp '6/wr = 'o b2
,. ---
4ta{I +R~ J
--------------
Tam g iac ABC co ban kfnh ducrng tron n go~ i ti6p f(,il/11" = R [/- 8a
R=
8lalh- - - - - - · -
- - t---
Tam g ic'tc A IJC c6 c1(> dai c(;lnh BC = m0 {////~ + 2b = 0
·- - -- - -----
Tam g ic\c ABC c6 c1(> dai AB = ;JC = n0 2
I Ga n~ - h + 8ah = 0
4

·----
Tam g iac ABC c6 qrc tri B,C E Ox // = 4ac --
Tam g ic\c ABC c6 3 g6c nhQII -- b(8a + //) > 0
. -· - - --------- ----·--
Tam g ic\c A JJC c6 trQng tam 0 h 2 = 6ac
f---- - -------
Tam g iac A JJC c6 tqrc tam 0 b 3
+ 8a - 4m; = 0
--- - - - - ---·-- - - - - - -- - -- --------- ------
T am g iac ABC cimg di~m 0 t~o thanh hinh th oi 1/ = 2ac
Tam g iac ABC c6 0 Ia Wm duo·ng tron n(>i tiep h' - 8a - 4ahc = 0 --
Tam g ic\c ABC c6 0 Ia tam duQ-ng tron n go~i ti6p h' -8a - 8abc = 0
Tam g iac ABC co q 111h IJC = kAIJ =kA C {/ .k 2 -· 8a(k 2 - 4) = 0
' - - -- - -· --- ----·--·-
Tqrc hoa nh chia tam giac ABC thanh hai phan c(l cli ~ n t fc h 2
4v'2iacl
~
b =
bjng nhau
Tam g ic\c A/JC c6 dif:m q rc tri e<\ch c1cu tqrc h o~l nh _____ //= Rae --·-·· ---·-
tqrc Ox I ~ i 4 c1i6m
4
Df> th j ham s6 (C): y = ax + bx + c dit 2
2 I00
h = - ac
phan bi~t l~p th~nh ~fip s6 c~-.----- -~--- 9
·-· ---
Dinh tham so de hinh phan g gic'J·i h~ n b6i c16 th i
4 ' 36
(C) : y = ax + bx 2 + c v;l tr\IC hoa nh c6 di9n tich phfin tren va b" = - ac
5
ph ft n du6 i b~ng nhau.
.

Phuu n g trinh dr.rO'ng tro nn go~ i ti6p 6ABC 1<1: .\·

2
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