1A.

Resuelva la ecuación diferencial siguiente:

dy 5 x10
x − 5y = 3
dx
4y5
Solución:

3
dy 5 5 − 3
− y = x9 y 5 n=−
dx x 4 5
8
5%
5 5 9 1− n
Q( x) = − f ( x) = x u = y = y 5
x 4

du
+ (1 − n)Q( x)u = (1 − n) f ( x)
dx
du 8  5  8 5 
+  −  u =  x9  10%
dx 5  x  5 4 
du 8
− u = 2 x9
dx x

e
8 P ( x ) dx
P( x) = − = x −8
x
 du 8 
x −8  − u  = x −8  2 x9  5%
 dx x 
d −8
 x u  = 2 x
dx 

x −8u = x 2 + c
8 5%
y = x + cx
5 10 8
2A. Resolver y  + ( y  ) + 1 = 0
2

Solución
du dy 
u = y  = = y  5%
dx dx
du
 + u2 +1 = 0
dx
= − ( u 2 + 1) 5%
du
dx

 
du
= − dx
u +1
2

tan −1 ( u ) = − x + C1
u = tan ( − x + C1 ) 5%
dy
= tan ( C1 − x )
dx

m = cos ( C1 − x )
sen ( C1 − x )
 dy =  cos (C − x ) dx dm = − sen ( C1 − x ) (−1)dx
dm = sen ( C1 − x ) dx
1

10%

dm
y=
m
y = ln m + C2
y = ln cos ( C1 − x ) + C2
3A. Solución:

q q E
vR + vC = E  Ri + = E i + =
c RC R
dq q E
+ = R = 1000, C = 5  10−6 F , y E = 200V 5%
dt RC R
dq q 200 dq
+ =  + 200q = 0.2
dt 1000(5 10−6 ) 1000 dt

( t ) = e 
d 200t
 (t ) = e200t 
200 dt
e q  = 0.2e200t 5%
dt

0.2 200t
e 200t q = 0.2 e 200t dt  e 200t q =
200 
e (200)dt

e 200t q = 1 10−3 e200t + k  q(t ) = 1 10−3 + ke −200t

dq(t )
i(t ) =  i( t ) = −200ke −200t , i(0) = 0.4 A
dt
−0.4
0.4 = −200ke0  k =  k = −2  10−3
200
i(t ) = −200(−2  10−3 )e−200t 10%
i(t ) = 0.4e −200t A
a)i(0.005) = 0.147 A
q(0.005) = 0.264 10−3 C
q(t ) = 1 10−3 − 2  10−3 e−200t

b) qmax = lim 110−3 − 2 10−3 e−200t 

t →

qmax = 110−3  50%qmdx = 5  10−4

5%
−4 −3 −3 200 t
5 10 = 110 − 2  10 e
t = 0.007  s 
4

3%

2 2
VT =  R 3 =  ( 4 )
3

3 3
128
VT =  pie3
3
dV = A( y )dy
V* = ( 31.25% )VT
dV =  x 2 dy
 128 
dV =  ( 8 y − y 2 ) dy V* = ( 0.3125)  
 3 

 (8 y − y ) dy =
h 40 40
V* =  2
 V* =  pie3

 2 y3 
0
h
40
3
4% a=

3
D2
3%
4 y − 3  = 3 4
  y =0
 1 pie 
h3 40 D = 1 pulgada  
4h 2 − =  12 pulgada 
3 3
3 1
h
− 4h 2 +
40
=0 D= pie
3 3 12
1
2
h3 − 12h 2 + 40 = 0 a=  
1 −12 0 40 2 4  12 
2 −20 −40 
a= pie2
576
1 −10 −20 0
h = 2 pies
A( x) =  x 2  A( y ) =  ( 8 y − y 2 )

= −a 2 g y   ( 8 y − y 2 ) = −
dy dy
A( y ) 2 ( 32 ) y
dt dt 576
−1 12  12 3
 −1
(8 y − y ) dt = 72 y   8 y − y 2  dy = 72
2 dy
 
dt
 
5%
2 2 2 2
3 5
t
8   y − y = − + C , y (0) = 4
3 5 72
 2  32 2 5
448
8  ( 4) − ( 4)2 = C  C =
3 5 15
16
( ) 2
( ) t 448
3 5
y − y =− +
3 5 72 15
a) y( t ) = 2 , t = ¿?
16
( ) 2
( ) t 448
3 5
2 − 2 =− +
3 5 72 15
136 2 448 t
− =− 5%
15 15 72
t = 1227.201386 segundos
t = 20.453 minutos
b) y (t ) = 0, t = ¿?
t 448 72 ( 448 )
0=− + t = = 2150.4 segundos 5%
72 15 15
t = 35.84 minutos
1B. Resuelva la ecuación diferencial siguiente:

dy 9 x7
x − 3y = 1
dx
2y3
Solución:

1
dy 3 9 − 1
− y = x6 y 3 n=−
dx x 2 3
4
5%
3 9 6 1− n
Q( x) = − f ( x) = x u = y = y 3
x 2

du
+ (1 − n)Q( x)u = (1 − n) f ( x)
dx
du 4  3  49 
+  −  u =  x6  10%
dx 3  x  3 2 
du 4
− u = 6 x6
dx x

e
4 P ( x ) dx
P( x) = − = x −4
x
 du 4 
x −4  − u  = x −4 6 x 6  5%
 dx x 
d −4
 x u  = 6 x 2
dx

x −4u = 2 x3 + c
4 5%
y = 2 x + cx
3 7 4
2B. Resolver y  − ( y  ) − 1 = 0
2

Solución
du dy 
u = y  = = y  5%
dx dx
du
 − u2 −1 = 0
dx
du
= u2 +1 5%
dx

 
du
= dx
u +1
2

tan −1 ( u ) = x + C1
u = tan ( x + C1 ) 5%
dy
= tan ( x + C1 )
dx

m = cos ( x + C1 )
sen ( x + C1 )
 dy =  cos ( x + C ) dx dm = − sen ( x + C1 ) dx
− dm = sen ( x + C1 ) dx
1

10%

dm
y=−
m
y = − ln m + C2
y = − ln cos ( x + C1 ) + C2
3B. Solución:

q q E
vR + vC = E  Ri + = E i + =
c RC R
dq q E
+ = R = 2000, C = 2.5  10−6 F , y E = 400V 5%
dt RC R
dq q 400 dq
+ =  + 200q = 0.2
dt 2000(2.5  10−6 ) 2000 dt

( t ) = e 
d 200t
 (t ) = e200t 
200 dt
e q  = 0.2e200t 5%
dt

0.2 200t
e 200t q = 0.2 e 200t dt  e 200t q =
200 
e (200)dt

e 200t q = 1 10−3 e 200t + k  q( t ) = 1 10−3 + ke −200t

dq
i(t ) = i( t ) = −200ke −200t , i(0) = 0.4 A  0.4 = −200ke0
dt
−0.4
k=  k = −2  10−3  i(t ) = 0.4e −200t A
200
q(t ) = 1 10−3 − 2  10−3 e−200t 10%
−200( 0.004 )
a )i(0.004) = 0.4e
i(0.004) = 0.18 A
−200( 0.004 )
q(0.004) = 1 10−3 − 2  10−3 e
q(0.004) = 0.10  10−3 C

b) qmax = lim 110−3 − 2 10−3 e −200t 

t →

qmax = 1 10−3  40% (1 10−3 ) = 0.4  10−3

5%
−3 −3 −3 −200 t
0.4  10 = 1 10 − 2  10 e
0.4 = 1 − 2e −200t  t = 0.006  s 
4

3%

2 2
VT =  R 3 =  ( 4 )
3

3 3
128
VT =  pie3
3
dV = A( y )dy
V* = ( 31.25% )VT
dV =  x 2 dy
 128 
dV =  ( 8 y − y 2 ) dy V* = ( 0.3125)  
 3 

 (8 y − y ) dy =
h 40 40
V* =  2
 V* =  pie3

 2 y3 
0
h
40
3
4% a=

3
D2
3%
4 y − 3  = 3 4
  y =0
 1 pie 
h3 40 D = 1 pulgada  
4h 2 − =  12 pulgada 
3 3
3 1
h
− 4h 2 +
40
=0 D= pie
3 3 12
1
2
h3 − 12h 2 + 40 = 0 a=  
1 −12 0 40 2 4  12 
2 −20 −40 
a= pie2
576
1 −10 −20 0
h = 2 pies
A( x) =  x 2  A( y ) =  ( 8 y − y 2 )

= −a 2 g y   ( 8 y − y 2 ) = −
dy dy
A( y ) 2 ( 32 ) y
dt dt 576
−1 12  1 3
 −1
(8 y − y 2 ) dy = 
y   8 y 2 − y 2  dy = 
dt
dt 72   72
5%
2 2 2 2
3 5
t
8   y − y = − + C , y (0) = 4
3 5 72
2 3 2 5
448
8  ( 4)2 − ( 4)2 = C  C =
3 5 15
16
( ) 2
( ) t 448
3 5
y − y =− +
3 5 72 15
a) y( t ) = 2 , t = ¿?
16
( ) 2
( ) t 448
3 5
2 − 2 =− +
3 5 72 15
136 2 448 t
− =− 5%
15 15 72
t = 1227.201386 segundos
t = 20.453 minutos
b) y (t ) = 0, t = ¿?
t 448 72 ( 448 )
0=− + t = = 2150.4 segundos 5%
72 15 15
t = 35.84 minutos