Cemento armato: flessione e pressoflessione allo

SLU, 9 01 2012

F2

F1 q
B C

A D
l

Per la struttura in figura, determinare le sollecitazioni N,V,M.

1. Assumendo che la struttura sia in cemento armato con le dimensioni sotto
indicate, progettare allo SLU le armature di flessione della trave.
2. Verificare allo stato limite ultimo il pilastro AB.

Dati
Dimensioni
l := 5.5⋅ m z := 2.7⋅ m

Trave: sezione rettangolare di base B := 30⋅ cm altezza H := 40⋅ cm copriferro

d 1 := 3⋅ cm

Pilastro: sezione quatrata di lato lp := 30⋅ cm, armatura: 2+2 ϕsp := 20mm
copriferro d 1p := 3 ⋅ cm

Carichi (valori caratteristici)

kN
• Carico distribuito q := 40⋅
m
• Forze concentrate F := 15⋅ kN F := 70⋅ kN
• Forze concentrate F1 := 15⋅ kN F2 := 70⋅ kN

Materiali

Acciaio B450C fyk := 450 ⋅ MPa ε yd := 0.00197 ε ud := 0.007

Calcestruzzo fck := 30⋅ MPa ε cu := 0.0035

Coefficienti di sicurezza (SLU)

Carichi γq := 1.5
Acciaio c.a. γs := 1.15
Calcestruzzo γc := 1.5

Per il progetto e la verifica a flessione allo SLU della struttura in cemento

armato la resistenza di progetto del calcestruzzo deve essere moltiplicata per
0.85.

Reazioni vincolari e sollecitazioni

kN
Valori di progetto dei carichi q d := q⋅ γq q d = 60⋅
m

F1d := F1 ⋅ γq F1d = 22.5⋅ kN

F2d := F2 ⋅ γq F2d = 105 ⋅ kN

l
Reazioni vincolari YD := qd ⋅ YD = 165 ⋅ kN
2

YA := YD + F2d YA = 270 ⋅ kN

XA := −F1d
XA = −22.5⋅ kN
2
l
M A := F1d⋅ z + q d⋅ − YD⋅ l M A = 60.75⋅ kN⋅ m
2

Sollecitazioni nella trave

Taglio

VBC( x) := YA − F2d − qd ⋅ x
 ( l)
i := 0 .. 500 x := ⋅i
i 500

5
2× 10
5
1× 10
V BC( xi) 0
5
− 1× 10
5
− 2× 10
0 2 4 6
xi

Taglio massimo: VB := VBC( 0 ) VB = 165 ⋅ kN

VC := VBC( l) VC = −165 ⋅ kN

Momento flettente

x
⌠
M BC( x) :=  VBC( ξ ) dξ
⌡
0
5
1× 10

0
− M BC( xi) − 1× 105
5
− 2× 10
5
− 3× 10
0 2 4 6
xi

Momento Massimo

VB
xmax := xmax = 2.75 m
qd

M max := M BC xmax ( ) M max = 226.875 ⋅ kN⋅ m

Sollecitazioni nel pilastro AB

Sforzo normale

NAB := −YA NAB = −270 ⋅ kN

 Taglio

VAB := −XA VAB = 22.5⋅ kN

Momento flettente

M AB( x) := −M A − XA⋅ x

− 15
M AB( 0 ) = −60.75⋅ kN⋅ m M AB( z) = 7.276 × 10 ⋅ kN⋅ m

Sollecitazioni nel pilastro DC

Sforzo normale

NDC := −YD NDC = −165 ⋅ kN

Taglio

VDC := 0

Momento flettente

M DC( x) := 0

Progetto delle armature tese della trave in cemento armato

fyk 0.85fck
fyd := fyd = 391.304 ⋅ MPa fcd := fcd = 17⋅ MPa
γs γc

d := H − d 1 = 37⋅ cm

M max 2
Asmin := = 17.411⋅ cm
0.9⋅ d ⋅ fyd

ϕs := 20mm

 4Asmin 
n s := ceil  =6
 π⋅ ϕ 2 
 s 
 ϕs1 := 20mm n s1 := 2

2
ϕs1 2
As1 := n s1 ⋅ π⋅ = 6.283⋅ cm
4

2
 ϕs  2
As := ns⋅ π⋅   = 18.85⋅ cm
 
2

Calcolo del momento ultimo

armatura bilanciata
fyd 5
Es := Es = 1.986 × 10 ⋅ MPa
ε yd

−3
ε yd = 1.97 × 10

 fyd 
σs( ε ) := if  ε < , Es⋅ ε , fyd⋅ sign( ε) 
Es
 

zb := d ⋅
ε cu
= 23.675⋅ cm ε s1b := ε cu⋅
( zb − d 1 ) −3
= 3.056 × 10
(εcu + εyd) zb

Asb :=
(0.81fcd⋅ B⋅ zb) + As1 = 31.276⋅ cm
2
As = 18.85⋅ cm
2
< Asb
fyd

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per As<Asb e εs1>εyd

zc1 :=
(As − As1)⋅ fyd = 11.903⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

ε s1 := ε cu⋅
(zc1 − d1) = 2.618 × 10
−3
isw := εs1 < ε yd = 0
zc1

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per per As<Asb ε s1 <εyd

β :=
(As⋅ fyd − As1⋅ εcu⋅ Es) = 7.281⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B
 (As1⋅ εcu⋅ d1⋅ Es) 2
γ := = 31.722⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

2
β+ β + 4⋅ γ
zc2 := = 10.347⋅ cm
2

Posizione dell'asse neutro

( )
zc := if isw = 0 , zc1 , zc2 = 11.903⋅ cm

( zc − d 1 ) −3
ε s1 := ε cu⋅ = 2.618 × 10
zc

( ) ( )( )
M u := As⋅ fyd⋅ d − 0.42⋅ zc − As1 ⋅ σs ε s1 ⋅ d 1 − 0.42⋅ zc = 240.949 ⋅ kN⋅ m > M max = 226.875 ⋅ kN⋅ m

Verifica a pressoflessione del pilastro AB

Hp := lp B p := lp d p := Hp − d 1p n sp := 2 n sp1 := 2 ϕsp = 0.02 m

2 2
 ϕsp  2  ϕsp  2
Asp := n sp ⋅   ⋅π Asp = 6.283⋅ cm As1p := n sp1⋅   ⋅π As1p = 6.283⋅ cm
 2   2 

Calcolo dei valori di sforzo normale ai limiti dei campi di rottura

Separazione campo I-II

zc12 := d p zc12 = 27⋅ cm

zc12 − d 1p −3 −3
ε s112 := ε cu⋅ ε s112 = 3.111 × 10 ε yd = 1.97 × 10
zc12

( )
3
N12 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc12 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s112 N12 = 1.347 × 10 ⋅ kN

Separazione campo II-III

ε cu
zc23 := d p ⋅
ε cu + ε yd zc23 = 17.276⋅ cm
 zc23 − d 1p −3
ε s123 := ε cu⋅ ε s123 = 2.892 × 10
zc23

( )
N23 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc23 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s123 − Asp ⋅ fyd N23 = 704.863 ⋅ kN

Separazione campo III-IV

ε cu
zc34 := d p ⋅ zc34 = 9 ⋅ cm
ε cu + ε ud

zc34 − d 1p −3
ε s134 := ε cu⋅ ε s134 = 2.333 × 10
zc34

( )
N34 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc34 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s134 − Asp ⋅ fyd N34 = 367.2⋅ kN

Nsd := NAB
Nsd = 270 ⋅ kN < N34 = 367.2⋅ kN

ROTTURA IN CAMPO IV

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro

zc :=
(
Nsd − fyd⋅ As1p − Asp )
0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp 5
Nsd = 2.7 × 10 N

zc = 6.618⋅ cm

zc − d 1p
ε s1 := ε ud⋅
d p − zc
−3 −3
ε s1 = 1.242 × 10 ε yd = 1.97 × 10

β :=
(Nsd + 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp⋅ dp + As1p⋅ Es⋅ εud + Asp⋅ fyd) = 61.056⋅ cm
0.8fcd⋅ Bp

γ :=
(Nsd⋅ dp + As1p⋅ εud⋅ d1p⋅ Es + Asp⋅ fyd⋅ dp) = 405.618 ⋅ cm2
0.8fcd⋅ Bp
 2
β − β − 4⋅ γ
zc2 := = 7.586⋅ cm
2

 Hp  zc − d 1p  Hp   Hp 
M Rd := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc⋅  − 0.42⋅ zc + As1p⋅ Es⋅ ε ud⋅ ⋅ − d 1p + Asp ⋅ fyd⋅  d p − 
 2  d p − zc  2   2 

M Rd = 81.106⋅ kN⋅ m > M sd := M A M sd = 60.75⋅ kN⋅ m

Verifica rispetto all'instabilità del pilastro

Nsd
n sd := n sd = 0.196
B p⋅ d p ⋅ fcd

M AB( z)
C := 1.7 − C = 1.7
M AB( 0 )

Hp
ρ := ρ = 8.66⋅ cm
12

β := 2 l0 := β⋅ z

l0
λ :=
ρ

C
λlim := 15.4⋅ λlim = 59.123 < λ = 62.354
n sd

−Nsd
n sd :=
B p⋅ d p ⋅ fcd n sd = −0.196 negativa la compressione

Asp ⋅ fyd
μs := μs = 0.179
fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ d p

As1p⋅ fyd
μs1 := μs1 = 0.179
fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ dp
 d 1p
δ := δ = 0.111
dp

dp
zcy1 := −
0.8
(
⋅ n sd − μs1 + μs ) zcy1 = 6.618⋅ cm

zcy1 − d1p −4
ε s11 := ε yd⋅ ε s11 = 3.497 × 10
dp − zcy1 isw := εs11 < εyd = 1

β := μs + μs1 − n sd + 0.8 β = 1.353

dp

( )
2
zcy2 := ⋅ β − β − 3.2⋅ μs + μs1 ⋅ δ − n sd zcy2 = 10.108⋅ cm
1.6  

( )
zcy := if isw = 0 , zcy1, zcy2 = 10.108⋅ cm

zcy − d1p −4
ε s1 := ε yd⋅ ε s1 = 8.29 × 10
d p − zcy

ε yd 1
θy := θy = 0.012 σs1 := Es⋅ ε s1 σs1 = 164.657 ⋅ MPa fyd = 391.304 ⋅ MPa
d p − zcy m

 Hp   Hp   Hp 
M Ry := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zcy⋅ 
 2
− 0.4⋅ zcy + As1p⋅ min fyd , σs1 ⋅ 

(
 2 
)
− d1p + Asp ⋅ fyd⋅  dp −
 2 


M Ry = 87.105⋅ kN⋅ m

Hp
( )
2
M ry2 := −0.32⋅ Bp ⋅ fcd zcy − As1p⋅ min fyd , σs1 ⋅ d 1p + Asp ⋅ fyd⋅ dp + Nsd ⋅
2

M ry2 = 87.105⋅ kN⋅ m

2
l0
M R := M Ry − Nsd ⋅ ⋅θ M R = 75.628⋅ kN⋅ m > M sd = 60.75⋅ kN⋅ m
8 y
 VARIAZIONE DI DIMENSIONE DEL PILASTRO

Pilastro: sezione quatrata di lato lp := 28⋅ cm, armatura: 3+3

ϕsp := 20mm
copriferro d 1p := 4 ⋅ cm
Hp := lp B p := lp d p := Hp − d 1p n sp := 3 n sp1 := 3 ϕsp = 0.02 m

2 2
 ϕsp  2  ϕsp  2
Asp := n sp ⋅   ⋅π Asp = 9.425⋅ cm As1p := n sp1⋅   ⋅π As1p = 9.425⋅ cm
 2   2 

Calcolo dei valori di sforzo normale ai limiti dei campi di rottura

Separazione campo I-II

zc12 := d p zc12 = 24⋅ cm

zc12 − d 1p −3 −3
ε s112 := ε cu⋅ ε s112 = 2.917 × 10 ε yd = 1.97 × 10
zc12

( )
3
N12 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc12 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s112 N12 = 1.283 × 10 ⋅ kN

Separazione campo II-III

ε cu
zc23 := d p ⋅
ε cu + ε yd zc23 = 15.356⋅ cm

zc23 − d 1p −3
ε s123 := ε cu⋅ ε s123 = 2.588 × 10
zc23

( )
N23 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc23 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s123 − Asp ⋅ fyd N23 = 584.775 ⋅ kN

Separazione campo III-IV

 ε cu
zc34 := d p ⋅ zc34 = 8 ⋅ cm
ε cu + ε ud

zc34 − d 1p −3
ε s134 := ε cu⋅ ε s134 = 1.75 × 10
zc34

( )
N34 := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc34 + As1p⋅ min fyd , Es⋅ ε s134 − Asp ⋅ fyd N34 = 263.455 ⋅ kN

Nsd := NAB
N34 = 263.455 ⋅ kN < Nsd = 270 ⋅ kN < N23 = 584.775 ⋅ kN

ROTTURA IN CAMPO III

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro

zc :=
(
Nsd − fyd⋅ As1p − Asp )
0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp

fyd = 391.304 ⋅ MPa

zc = 7.09⋅ cm

zc − d 1p
ε s1 := ε cu⋅ −3 −3
zc ε s1 = 1.525 × 10 ε yd = 1.97 × 10

β :=
(Nsd + Asp⋅ fyd − As1p⋅ εcu⋅ Es) = −0.431⋅ cm
0.8fcd⋅ B p

γ :=
(As1p⋅ εcu⋅ d1p⋅ Es) = 68.826⋅ cm2
0.8fcd⋅ Bp

2
β+ β + 4⋅ γ
zc2 := = 8.083⋅ cm
2

 Hp  zc − d 1p  Hp   Hp 
M Rd := 0.8⋅ fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ zc⋅  − 0.42⋅ zc + As1p⋅ Es⋅ ε ud⋅ ⋅ − d 1p + Asp ⋅ fyd⋅  d p − 
 2  d p − zc  2   2 
M Rd = 90.588⋅ kN⋅ m > M sd := M A M sd = 60.75⋅ kN⋅ m

Verifica rispetto all'instabilità del pilastro

Nsd
n sd := n sd = 0.236
B p⋅ d p ⋅ fcd

M AB( z)
C := 1.7 −
M AB( 0 ) C = 1.7

Hp
ρ := ρ = 8.083⋅ cm
12

β := 2 l0 := β⋅ z

l0
λ :=
ρ

C
λlim := 15.4⋅ λlim = 53.851 < λ = 66.808
n sd

−Nsd
n sd :=
B p⋅ d p ⋅ fcd n sd = −0.236 negativa la compressione

Asp ⋅ fyd
μs := μs = 0.323
fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ d p

As1p⋅ fyd
μs1 := μs1 = 0.323
fcd⋅ Bp ⋅ dp
 d 1p
δ := δ = 0.167
dp

dp
zcy1 := −
0.8
(
⋅ n sd − μs1 + μs ) zcy1 = 7.09⋅ cm

zcy1 − d1p −4
ε s11 := ε yd⋅ ε s11 = 3.6 × 10
dp − zcy1 isw := εs11 < εyd = 1

β := μs + μs1 − n sd + 0.8 β = 1.682

dp

( )
2
zcy2 := ⋅ β − β − 3.2⋅ μs + μs1 ⋅ δ − n sd zcy2 = 11.258⋅ cm
1.6  

( )
zcy := if isw = 0 , zcy1, zcy2 = 11.258⋅ cm

zcy − d1p −3
ε s1 := ε yd⋅ ε s1 = 1.122 × 10
d p − zcy

ε yd 1
θy := θy = 0.015 σs1 := Es⋅ ε s1 σs1 = 222.904 ⋅ MPa fyd = 391.304 ⋅ MPa
d p − zcy m

Hp
( )
2
M ry := −0.32⋅ Bp ⋅ fcd zcy − As1p⋅ min fyd , σs1 ⋅ d 1p + Asp ⋅ fyd⋅ d p + Nsd ⋅
2

M ry = 98.601⋅ kN⋅ m

2
l0
M R := M Ry − Nsd ⋅ ⋅θ M R = 71.889⋅ kN⋅ m > M sd = 60.75⋅ kN⋅ m
8 y