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>
Volume N. Prodotto/Struttura
volume no. product/structure

MATE-04-012 AT
Tipo doc. Codice EmittenteTeamcenter Ente Emittente Edizione in lingua Derivato da Rev.
doc. type teamcenter issuer code issued by language derived from rev.

MN MET IPI/MET/EAUS ITALIANA

Commessa Progetto Cliente
job no. project client
Validit
generale DIAGNOSTICA
Rev. Descrizione
rev. kind of revision
ELECT.SIGN D:Bruzzone C:Rocca A1:Ciotti A2:Cresta A3:Spica (16/11/2015)

0 FIRST ISSUE

BRUZZONE P. ROCCA C. CIOTTI P. CRESTA G. SPICA M.

0 10/11/15
IPI/MET/EAUS IPI/MET/EAUS DG/FAB/LGEN/SAPG DG/FAB/LGEN/SAPG IPI/MET/EAUS

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Ansaldo Energia s.p.a. si riserva tutti i diritti su questo documento che non pu essere riprodotto neppure parzialmente senza la sua autorizzazione scritta
Ansaldo Energia s.p.a. reserves all rights on this document that can not be reproduced in any part without its written consent
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DIAGEN
USER INTERFACE GUIDE
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Release 1.00
(c) EPSE/CTI - SAPG
Ansaldo Energia

Contributors
EPSE/CTI - SAPG Ansaldo Energia

Designed by
Ansaldo Energia

A. Oldrati, G. Cresta, M. Manarini, M. Valgimigli, P. Bruzzone, P. Ciotti

Other programmers
Sitem Team
DIAGEN

Copyright (c) 2007-2008 by Ansaldo Energia

Thanks to all the contributors!
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5
2 Hardware Connections............................................................................................................. 6
3 Software Description ................................................................................................................ 7
3.1 FUNCTIONALITIES of the cRIO Software............................................................................. 7
3.2 DATA ACQUISITION (cRIO) ................................................................................................. 8
3.3 cRIO Alarms.......................................................................................................................... 8
3.4 OPC SERVER....................................................................................................................... 9
4 User Interface ........................................................................................................................ 11
4.1 Local and Remote Interfaces............................................................................................... 11
5 Main Page ............................................................................................................................. 12
6 Application toolbar.................................................................................................................. 16
6.1 CORALB ............................................................................................................................. 17
6.1.1 Shaft Voltage.................................................................................................................. 18
6.1.2 FFT ................................................................................................................................ 20
6.2 CORTROT .......................................................................................................................... 21
6.2.1 Real Time trend .............................................................................................................. 21
6.2.2 Import Data .................................................................................................................... 22
6.2.3 Analysis.......................................................................................................................... 24
6.3 SCAPAR ............................................................................................................................. 26
6.3.1 Real Time trends ............................................................................................................ 27
6.3.2 Matrix Analysis ............................................................................................................... 28
6.3.3 Single-shot Visualization (Oscilloscope Function for Couplers Check) ........................... 31
6.4 END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS ........................................................................................... 32
7 Appendix A Graph Management Tools................................................................................ 35
8 Appendix B Measurement Data Backup .............................................................................. 37
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1 INTRODUCTION
In this manual we will provide the customer with a description of the functionalities of the user
interface of the generator diagnostic system designated as DIAGEN by Ansaldo Energia.
This system guarantees the remote monitoring of the generator parameters during its operational
life.
The software has been developed using the LabVIEW development system by National
Instruments, the Real Time module, the FPGA module as well as DSC signals capable of allowing
data acquisition by means of a cRIO device by National Instruments connected, through an
Ethernet cable, to a Panel PC. The latter allows the local display of the data acquired by machine
sensors.
This manual is divided into two main parts:
Description of the hardware and of the connections among the various devices.
Description and use of the user interface.
The remote data acquisition and monitoring system typically consists of:
A cRIO (Compact RIO) module, with a frame housing the following modules:
module NI-9206
16 differential channels, sampling frequency 250kS/s, input interval programmable at 10V
module NI-9472
8 channels, digital output digital at 100ms
module NI-9203
8 channels, current input 200kS/s, input interval programmable at 4:20mA
module NI-9215
4 differential channels, sampling frequency per channel 100kS/s, measurement interval at 10V
two modules NI-9223
4 differential channels, sampling frequency per channel 1MS/s, measurement interval at 10V
module NI-9411
digital differential inputs/single-ended, 6-channel, 500ns

A Panel PC, with Microsoft Windows 7 operating system.

User interface software for the monitoring and setting of measurement parameters.
A remote PC, with user interface identical to the one installed on the local Panel PC, with
Microsoft Windows 7 or higher operating system.
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2 HARDWARE CONNECTIONS
The following connections are required for proper operation of the system:

1. Ethernet connection between the cRIO and the Ethernet/optical switch (inside the DIAGEN
cabinet).
2. Ethernet connection between the Panel PC and the Ethernet/optical switch (inside the
DIAGEN cabinet).
3. Fiber-optic connection between the Ethernet/optical switch and the Remote PC in the
control room.

The cRIO module has a static IP address, established in accordance with the connection
requirements of the plant or of a possible outside connection.
The Panel PC also has a static IP on the same subnet of the cRIO.
This is also valid for the remote PC located in the control room.
Data communication is located on the TCP-IP 36000 port.
DIAGEN CONTROL ROOM

cRIO
PANEL PC

ETH / OPTIC SWITCH

Fiber Optic cable

Ethernet cable
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3 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 FUNCTIONALITIES of the cRIO Software
The cRIO controller has been programmed to perform the following operations (by way of example,
only the most important ones have been reported):
local data transfer: during the system start-up, the data stored in the cRIO are locally
downloaded (the data residing in memory adopt the FIFO philosophy, i.e. new data will replace
older data once the maximum memory capacity has been reached). Data download occurs with
programmable frequency, even when the system is in data acquisition mode: the acquisition
times, the number of data, the sampling period may all be changed through the local/remote
interface. The settings are written in a configuration file, which is saved into the cRIO memory.
data filing: the data associated to every measurement are saved in RAW format. The files
containing the measurement trend on a monthly basis (trends) are saved in XLS (Excel)
format. The number of files to be saved monthly may be configured through the local/remote
interface.
filtering of the digital channels (filter order, filter type, min/max cut-off frequency) and alarm
management: with double threshold (high-low) for the values of the RMS channel, and with a
single value (high) for FFT alarms.
digital output management with direct alarm reporting for the following applications.
o head vibrations : (one output for RMS alarms, one output for FFT alarms)
o three alarm outputs to manage for the three remaining applications: flow probe
(CORTROT), partial discharges (SCAPAR), shaft current and voltage (CORALB).
IP watchdog: device reset capability following port errors.
No direct interface has been envisaged for the cRIO module. User interfaces have been conceived
as clients via TCP-IP (they exchange data with the cRIO controller).
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3.2 DATA ACQUISITION (cRIO)

The cRIO must use a FPGA interface to acquire data from the various modules (measurement).
Two acquisition modes may be used:
buffer mode: data are sampled at a specific speed and are placed in a queue using the
Direct Memory Access technique; the cRIO reads data from this queue and reconstructs the
sequence of the samples (maximum 250000 samples/second).
"burst" mode: data are sampled at specific frequencies and durations, and are acquired every
ten seconds. By making use of the filtered data, RMS and FFT alarm thresholds are assessed
and the alarm threshold is set (see next paragraph). Data will be saved as RAW files together
with RMS data, with DCS data and with processor temperature values. RMS data, DCS data
and processor temperature are stored in a monthly file formatted as a table (XLS format),
named yyyy-mm.xls, where yyyy is the year and mm is the month number.
Data not yet processed are saved using the following filename format: yyyy-MM-DD-hh-mm-ss.raw
where yyyy= year, MM=month, DD=day, hh=hour, mm=minute, ss=second.
Data files are kept until the number specified in the cRIO configuration file cRIOconfig.ini is
reached, in accordance with the FIFO (First In First Out) queue concept.
3.3 cRIO Alarms
The following logic has been used to set the alarm conditions:
The alarm is considered ON, if a RMS alarm threshold has been exceeded and the alarm is
active for that channel
OR, a FFT alarm becomes active and the flag (indicator) of the FFT alarm is active (FFT
alarms may be all active or all disabled).
The FFT operation is a spectral analysis of the frequencies: the value is proportional to the RMS
value found in a frequency range equal to dF=1/dt, where dt is the sampling time.
The alarm condition will set an increased sampling operational mode: points are stored at a higher
frequency (set by the cRIOconfig.ini file or by user interfaces). After a definite number of samples,
the increased sampling mode is stopped (is set to OFF). If a new alarm is detected (or if the old
alarm turns off and then becomes active again) the increased sampling operational mode is
restored.
In case of alarm, the following digital outputs will be set to ON (active):
1) DO 0: reserved for the system
2) DO 1: <t2/>reserved for the system
3) DO 2: available for future use
4) DO 3: general measurement alarm (OR of all the measurement alarms)
5) DO 4: TEMAV measurement alarm
6) DO 5: CORALB measurement alarm
7) DO 6: CORTOT measurement alarm
8) DO 7: SCAPAR measurement alarm
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3.4 OPC SERVER

After the local interface has been started, another application also automatically starts, fulfilling the
OPC Server function. The sampled variable (tags + measurement values and alarms) are released
through the network in real time and can be acquired through an OPC Client.

Figure 1 . OPC SERVER Application (Local DIAGEN Interface)

A list of the tags, of the data types and of their meaning is provided below::
TAG FORMAT STRING TAG DESCRIPTION
Vib_01 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 1
Vib_02 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 2
Vib_03 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 3
Vib_04 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 4
Vib_05 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 5
Vib_06 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 6
Vib_07 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 7
Vib_08 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 8
Vib_09 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 9
Vib_10 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 10
Vib_11 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 11
Vib_12 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 12
Vib_13 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 13
Vib_14 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 14
Vib_15 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 15
Vib_16 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number VIBTEST Value [mV] - Sensor 16
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DCS_1 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 1
DCS_2 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 2
DCS_3 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 3
DCS_4 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 4
DCS_5 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 5
DCS_6 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 6
DCS_7 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 7
DCS_8 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number DCS Value [mV] - Signal 8
TEMP _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Temp Value [mV] Module
TEMP_1 _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Temp Value [mV] Not used
Cort_error _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Cortror Error [mV]
U_CYC_+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
U_CYC_- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
U_VMAX _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
U_VMIN _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
U_SUM+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
U_SUM- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase U
V_CYC_+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
V_CYC_- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
V_VMAX _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
V_VMIN _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
V_SUM+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
V_SUM- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase V
W_CYC_+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
W_CYC_- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
W_VMAX _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
W_VMIN _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
W_SUM+ _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
W_SUM- _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Scapar Value [mV] - Phase W
Shaft_Cur _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Coralb Value [mV]
Shaft_Volt _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Coralb Value [mV]
Active_P _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Coralb Value [mV]
Reactive_P _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Double Precision Number Coralb Value [mV]
VIBTESTAl _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Boolean Value VIBTEST Alarm - True = ON, False = OFF
CoralbAl _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Boolean Value VIBTEST Alarm - True = ON, False = OFF
CortrotAl _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Boolean Value VIBTEST Alarm - True = ON, False = OFF
ScaparAl _ SYSTEM-NAME _ VALUE Boolean Value VIBTEST Alarm - True = ON, False = OFF
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4 USER INTERFACE
4.1 Local and Remote Interfaces
The local interface is installed on the Panel PC in the DIAGEN cabinet, located near the generator.
The remote interface is installed on the PC located in the control room and connected to the
DIAGEN through fiber-optic or Ethernet cable (depending on the distance to cover).
Both the Local Interface and the Remote one are characterised by a main page through which the
user can open the pages dedicated to measurements as well as the configuration panel of those
same measurements.
The pages dedicated to the measurements and to their configuration are identical for both user
interfaces, and will be described in the next paragraphs.
The main differences between the local and the remote interface are listed below:
On the remote interface, it is possible to simultaneously configure, and - as a consequence
- to monitor, multiple plants (DIAGEN systems). On the local interface, conversely, it is
possible to monitor only one plant at a time.
The remote interface provides the user with the possibility of opening a pop-up containing
real-time information about the status of the alarms of the configured plants (Alarm
Interface).
When the local interface is started, the OPC Server application, which releases via TCP/IP
the tags referring to measurements and alarms (see 4.4), is also automatically started.
The remote interface can exchange data with the process server of the cRIO, acting as a simple
server on the TCP-IP link. The TCP-IP link may be implemented on the same local network (e.g.
the plant network, to provide the control room with a monitoring capability) or through the Internet,
providing the cRIO with a public IP address.
The data are recorded and transferred as they are acquired by the cRIO, without processing, in
order to avoid any information loss.
The remote interface may be customised so as to be connected to - and to download data from -
different acquisition systems in PC folders.
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5 M AIN PAGE
When DIAGEN is turned on, the user interface will start, displaying the screen shown in Figure 2
(Local DIAGEN Interface) and in Figure 3 (Remote DIAGEN Interface).
DIAGEN is capable of acquiring the signals of the measurements enabled and configured during
the system start-up stage.

Figure 2 Main Page (Local DIAGEN Interface)

Figure 3 Main Page (Remote DIAGEN Interface)

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As mentioned in the previous paragraph, both user interfaces are very similar.
The button used to perform the Login has two different aspects for local and remote interfaces.

Local Interface Remote Interface

The user, without performing the login, may, selecting the plant, open and display the
measurement.
There are two password levels, which grant two different privilege levels.
The password associated with the local interface are confidential and are exclusively used by
Ansaldo Energia personnel during the plant start-up stages.
The 1st level password of the remote interface may be used by the customer, while the 2nd level
one is confidential.

Remote Interface

1st level password Create/Delete Plant

Configure Plant

Plant alarms panel

Close application

Warning: the password is case-sensitive.

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The image below shows the Systems tree for both the local interface (single plant) and the remote
interface (multiple systems monitorable / configurable):

Local Interface Remote Interface

If a plant is highlighted in RED this means it is configured but it is not connected via TCP/IP.
If a plant is highlighted in BLUE this means it is selected and connected i.e. it is possible to read
measurements or to perform configurations.
A plant highlighted in YELLOW indicates that data download operations are in progress from the
corresponding cRIO (DOWNLOADING video message).
The OPC ACTIVE video message indicates that the OPC server is active (local interface only).
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The application bar is displayed below:

Local Interface

The buttons providing access to the individual enabled measurement (CORALB, CORTROT,
SCAPAR, VIBTEST) are displayed on the right side of the main page.
On the local interface only, a led beside every measurement button will indicate the alarm status of
the measurement itself (red if in alarm condition).
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6 APPLICATION TOOLBAR

The application menu provides access to the CORALB, CORTROT, SCAPAR, END WINDINGS
VIBRATIONS measurement interfaces.
Note. If a measurement is not envisaged on a given plant, the corresponding button will be
disabled.
CORALB: Measurement and monitoring of shaft voltages and currents; measurement of the
harmonic content of shaft voltages (FFT).
CORTROT: Analysis of the flux dispersed in the air gap for the determination of inter-coil short
circuits in the rotor winding.
SCAPAR: Analysis of partial discharges in the rotor winding.
END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS: Measurement of the vibrations at the ends of the stator winding.
Note. The following paragraph, assume knowledge of the subject and the capability of interpreting
the displayed data.
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6.1 CORALB

Figure 4 CORALB Measurement Page

Figure 5 CORALB Measurement Page (Coralbhardware installed outside the Diagen)

When DIAGEN is installed on plants where the Coralb stand-alone system is already present.
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It is possible to access this interface by pressing the CORALB button on the main page of the user
interface.

At the top right of the panel, there are the button, which closes the page and the button,
which provides "on-line" support.
The Coralb interface is divided into two pages (tabs): SHAFT VOLTAGE and FFT.
6.1.1 Shaft Voltage
The indicators located at the top left of the Shaft Voltage page
represent the instantaneous values of the shaft voltage and
current, both in numeric format and in graphic format (vertical bar
indicators).
Two alarm indicators display the last value that generated an
alarm, changing the background color to alternate red and yellow
background.
The indicator will remain in this condition until the alarm is reset by
the user.

The graph displays the historical

values for shat voltage and
current and (if envisaged) the
values of the active and reactive
power and of the excitation
current.

In the upper part, in the center of the page, there are two indicators
and two buttons.
Power Fail: this LED indicates the status of the Coralb module power
supply.
Line Test: this LED indicates the status of the Coralb module test, performed by pressing the Line
Test button.
Alarm reset: this button resets any active alarms displayed both on the user interface and on the
front panel of the Coralb module.
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Note. If the Coralb module is located outside the Diagen cabinet, only the Alarm Reset button will
be present on the user interface (see figure 16). In this case, when the button is pressed both on
the user interface and on the external module, but the contrary is not true: if alarms are reset
through the module reset button, the alarms on the user interface will not be reset.

Beside the tools supporting graph use (which will be explained in appendix A), it is
possible to notice the controls to enable/disable the signals that can be displayed
in the graph.

The Current Data Dir box displays the path where Coralb measurement files are
saved.

All the files associated with monthly acquisitions are listed in the Archive
files, and, through the File Data / RT Data button, they are displayed or
not on the graph (the selected trends are highlighted in BLUE).
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6.1.2 FFT
In the second page, named FFT,
it is possible to analyse both
current and historical data.
Data are represented both in the
domain of time and in the domain
of frequencies.
The spectral analysis of the signal
is computed on the harmonics of
the fundamental frequency (grid
frequency).

By pressing the Async. Samp button, it is possible to perform an

instantaneous measurement.
By pressing the Export button, it is possible to save the measurement
in text format, and then the user may perform, if required, a post-procession using, by way of
example, a spreadsheet.
The button allows the user to delete one or more selected files in the left box (this option may
only be used after having logged in as Administrator).
Through these buttons it is possible to enable or disable the displaying of
the V DE or V NDE voltage, where

V DE: is the shaft voltage measured on the shaft near the coupling with the turbine.
V NDE: is the shaft voltage measured on the shaft near the ring chamber.
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6.2 CORTROT

Figure 6 CORTROT Measurement Page Real Time trend

By pressing the CORTROT button on the main panel, the operator gains access to the
measurement interface, which is divided into three different pages (tabs): Real Time trend, Import
Data and Analysis.
At the top right there are the button used to close the page, the online help button, and the
button required to delete the files reported in the list at the left of the page.

6.2.1 Real Time trend

The Real Time trend pages displays the graphs of real-time acquisitions or the graphs of historical
data.

By makin use of the bottom right button it is possible to display the historical
trends (Archive File mode) or real-time acquisitions (Real Time Trend mode).
In the Archive File mode, of course, the operator must first select one or more files listed in the left
box.
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The graph represents the trend

over time of the error value (as
an absolute value), computed as
the difference between the flux
associated with a pole and the
flux associated with the other
pole.

The corresponding Active Power and Reactive Power values are displayed in the Value On
CURSOR box. The operator must move the cursor in order to select the desired date and time,
and to display the corresponding values.
6.2.2 Import Data

Figure 7 CORTROT Measurement Page Import Data

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The Import Data page graphically displays the data files

downloaded from the cRIO, by selecting them in the box named
Files Raw.

The Async button starts an asynchronous (manual) measurement, which is saved in the
async.raw file at the start of the measurement list, as shown in the side image.
The raw file is overwritten at every asynchronous acquisition.
In the bottom left part of the page it is possible to select the
waveforms to be displayed on the graph.
REFERENCE PROBE: reference signal (if present).
FLUX PROBE: signal acquired by the probe.
REFERENCE PROBE ELAB: processed signal.
Using the controls shown in the side image it is possible to
obtain the "squaring" of the pulse acquired by the reference
sensor (Key Phasor).

Finally, the IMPORT WAVEFORM button converts the raw file selected in the list in a file that can
be analysed using and advanced Ansaldo post-processing software.
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6.2.3 Analysis

Figure 8 CORTROT Measurement Page Analisys

If a measure has been saved using the IMPORT WAVEFORM button in the Import Data page, it
can be analysed in this dedicated page.
Using the Load waveform button at the bottom right, it is possible to select the
file (with .exp extension) corresponding to the measure to analyse.
Using the Select wave button, the view will automatically shift to
the next tab (Selected Wave) where it is possible to see the result
of the analysis of the waveform.
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The Cortrot analysis is

based on the
comparison of the
signals associated with
the windings of the two
poles.

Wave A: signal associated to a rotor pole.

Wave B: signal associated to the other rotor pole.
Delta waves: difference between the two signals (error signal).
Integral A: integral of the dispersed flux associated with signal A.
Integral B: integral of the dispersed flux associated with signal B.
Zero Crossing: zero crossing point of the integral of the dispersed flux.
Note. A complete analysis of the whole rotor winding is only possible by performing multiple
measurements corresponding to different positions of the zero crossing.
Rotor Pole: shows the position of the reference sensor (AI, internal ring; AE, external ring).
Polarity: shows the pole to which the reference signal is referred to (+, positive polarity; ,
negative polarity).

Through the Shift () button it is possible to center the waveform in

the graph.

Note. For a specialistic analysis, that allows quantifying the numeric amount of the coil short circuit
following the alarm trip, it is possible to use the FluxRot software, used by Ansaldo Energia
specialists. This software is for sale, on request, for Ansaldo Energia customers.
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6.3 SCAPAR

Figure 9 SCAPAR Measurement Page Real Time trends

Access to the interface of the Scapar measurement is obtained through the main page, pressing
the SCAPAR button.
The interface is divided into three different pages (tabs): Real Time trend, Matrix Analysis and
Single shot Visualization.
At the top right there are the button used to close the page, the online help button and the
button required to delete the files reported in the list at the left of the page.
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6.3.1 Real Time trends

Using the File Data Selection button, the user may select to display the
historical trends (File mode), by selecting one or more files in the
measurement archive box, or the
trends of real-time acquisitions (RTT
mode).

The graphs represent the acquisitions

over time of the following variables:
Qmax Positive / Negative:
maximum voltage associated with
partial discharges, positive and
negative.

PD Positive / Negative Number:

Maximum number of partial discharges,
positive and negative.
Nmax Charge Positive / Negative:
voltage corresponding to the maximum
number of partial discharges, positive
and negative.

Using the Phase Selector tab selector, at the bottom left, it is possible to switch between the data
associated with the U phase, the V phase and the W phase.
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6.3.2 Matrix Analysis

Figure 10 SCAPAR Measurement Page Matrix Analysis

The graph named Intensity Graph shows the intensity/number (different colors depending on the
number of partial discharges) of the discharges as a function of the phase (possibility of overlaying
the sinusoid to the graph through the Show Sinu button at the bottom right) and of the amplitude
(expressed in Volt) of the discharges.
The graph represents the data associated to the measurement corresponding to the raw file
selected from the list in the Archive Files box.
Every time a measurement file is selected, the following information is displayed in the right part of
the page:
Line Frequency [Hz]: grid frequency.
Integration Time [s]: integration time.
Integrations [N]: number of integrations.
Nmax amp + [V]: amplitude to which the maximum number of partial discharges
is corresponding
(positive).
Nmax amp - [V]: amplitude to which the maximum number of partial
discharges is corresponding
(negative).
Nmax + [N]: maximum number of positive partial discharges.
Nmax - [N]: maximum number of negative partial discharges.
Qmax Positive [V]: maximum amplitude of positive partial discharge.
Qmax Negative [V]: maximum amplitude of negative partial discharge.
Sum Positive [N]: sum of all the positive discharges.
Sum Negative [N]: sum of all the negative discharges.
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The user may force an acquisition using the Sample New

button at the bottom left.
The file generated by the manual acquisition is saved in a
different format from other measurement files: SCA_M_...
instead of sca_m_...

Using the Selector TAB button it is possible to display the data

associated with the U phase (U Matrix Analysis), the V phase (V Matrix
Analysis) and the W phase (W Matrix Analysis).

Using the Color Set function it is possible to assign a "threshold", intended as a

number of partial discharges, corresponding with a specific color.
After having assigned the number of partial discharges to each color, save using
the Save button.

By way of example, in the side figure, if the number of discharges is greater than
20, the BLUE color is used in the graph.
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Using the V-N Graph button, the user has the possibility of opening a window that provides a 2-
dimensional display of the number of discharges (axis of the ordinates) as a function of the
amplitude (voltage) of the discharges (axis of the abscissae).

Figure 11 SCAPAR Measurement Page V-N Graph

Besides the graphical display of the number of discharges, in the right part of the page there is the
indication of some parameters already mentioned in the previous page.

The Exit button closes the active window.

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6.3.3 Single-shot Visualization (Oscilloscope Function for Couplers Check)

Figure 12 SCAPAR Measurement Page Single shot Visualization

The third and last page that can be consulted from the Scapar application is useful to
check if the wirings between the machine and the DIAGEN cabinet are correct, performing
a "single-point" acquisition (instead of the analysis of a matrix).
To do so, it is necessary to press the Async. Samp button at the top right U.
The results of the asynchronous acquisition may be displayed for the U phase (U
Measure), the V phase (V Measure) and for the W phase (W Measure).
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6.4 END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS

Figure 13 END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS Measurement Page Trend graph

Figure 14 END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS Measurement Page Single Measure graph

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Access to the interface concerning end vibrations measurement is obtained from the main page,
pressing the END WINDINGS VIBRATIONS button.
The interface graphic aspect changes, depending on whether monthly trend files (file XLS), see
figure 24, or individual measurements (RAW files), see figure 25, are selected.
At the top right, there are the button, which closes the page and the button, which provides "on-
line" support.
On the left side of the panel there is the list of the downloaded files:
both monthly RMS data (XLS) and single point measurements
(RAW).

On the graph, it is possible to select the historical data or the real-time data by using the
selector below the left graph (File Data). The graph in the upper part is for the RMS
values of vibration channel signals, the graph in the lower part is for DCS data.

The indicator beside the Validate Alarm button, if its color is red,
indicates an alarm situation on one or more channels.
To see which channel is in alarm state, press the Show Log Alarm
button.
Press the Validate Alarm to reset the alarm.
If the alarm has not been validated and other alarms trip, the New
Alarm On LED will light in red.

The user may use the Select one day function to search for the
files associated with a specific date.
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Selecting any data file (.RAW) in the upper graph will display the data of the time domain, while
selecting one in the lower graph will display the data of the frequency domain.

The Export button saves the data displayed in the graph in an ASCII file, useful
for possible post-processing.

The ASYNC SAMPLE: button performs a manual

measurement.

The selectors on the right part of the page activate / deactivate the display of the
channels on the graph.

This selector allows changing the measurement unit of the signal displayed on the graph:
acceleration [g], speed [mm/s] and shift [um].
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7 APPENDIX A GRAPH M ANAGEMENT TOOLS

Every graph present on the Diagen user interface is associated with a series of tools that allows
the user to change the type of display, e.g. zooming on a portion of the graph.

A label is associated to every axis of every graph (in this example, time).

The button with the padlock symbol allows enabling auto-scale (closed padlock; the axis
automatically adapts to the data displayed on the graph) or to disable it (open padlock).
When the padlock is open, it is possible to perform, by way of example, zooming on graph portions
without the graph automatically adapting itself to the displayed quantities after a short period.
When the padlock is closed, a small green LED turn on the top left corner of the indicator to
show we are in auto-scale mode.

Using the button, it is possible to access a series of options for the graph axis.

Format. Selection of the format used for the graph axis.

Precision. Selection of the degree of precision (number of decimals)

assigned to the values shown on the axis.

Mapping Mode. Selection of the scale display mode: linear or

logarithmic.

It is also possible to select if making visible or not the scale (Visible Scale) or the label associated
to it (Visible Scale Label).
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Grid Color. Selection of the color to associate to

the grid corresponding to the axis.

Beside this set of tools associated with the graph axes, there is another, associated
with cursors (if envisaged) and with zoom instruments.

The button, when selected (dark grey color and small green LED turn on the top left corner)
allows the user to move the cursor on the graph and to read the corresponding values in the
appropriate box:

Starting from the left, there is the cursor name (highlighted in the color
associated to it, the quantity to which the cursor is associated (in this example, we have Shaft
Current), the value on the axis of the abscissae (in this example, we have date and time) and the
value on the axis of the ordinates.

The button, when selected, makes available to the user the tools associated with the zooming
of graph portions:

Zoom on a graph portion.

Zoom on a graph portion, leaving the vertical scale "unchanged".

Zoom on a graph portion, leaving the horizontal scale "unchanged".

Auto set of the graph according to available values: both axes adapt to available quantities.
Zoom out / Zoom in starting form a point on the graph.
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8 APPENDIX B MEASUREMENT DATA BACKUP

The local interface periodically downloads the data in a folder located in the hard-disk of the Panel
PC according to factory configurations.

The folder containing the date is located at the following link: C:\ROTORI.

Within the folder there are four sub-folders: one for each one of the four measurements envisaged
in Diagen. Every folder contains both the files with monthly trends (XLS files) and individual
measurement files (RAW files).

Note (1). A copy of the data remains present within the memory of the cRIO controller, but once
this memory is full, older data will be deleted and replaced by newer ones, according to the FIFO
(First In First Out) queue transit method.

~ ~ ~

The remote interface periodically downloads the data in a folder located in the hard-disk of the PC
in use.

The folder where data are saved is configured during the start-up stage of the Diagen System and
is indicated in the CONFIGURATION page, that is accessible to users logging in with a 1st level
password:

Note (2). Both the local and the remote interface only download data in the hard-disks when they
are active, so, in order to always have updated data available, it is advisable to always leave the
applications active.

Since hard-disks have a limited capacity, and, when full, could impair the operation of the
acquisition system, we suggest to make periodical back-ups (once every three months) of the data
saved in the above mentioned folders.

When are hard disks are near to the maximum limit, the user will have to delete the older data.

The hard-disk of the Panel PC, and the folder where files are saved, is accessible through the USB
port located in the bottom right corner of the monitor.