Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
( Kwh )
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
4000
10000
16000
25000
40000
63000
0.89
1.1
1.47
1.92
2.7
4.35
6.7
19
28
30
52
60
89
110
147
192
270
435
178
220
294
384
540
870
267
330
441
576
810
1305
356
440
588
768
1080
1740
401
495
662
864
1215
1958
445
550
735
960
1350
2175
490
605
809
1056
1485
2393
534
660
882
1152
1620
2610
579
715
956
1248
1755
2828
623
770
1029
1344
1890
3045
662
818
1094
1428
2009
3236
1900
2800
3000
5200
6000
3800
5600
6000
10400
12000
5700
8400
9000
15600
18000
7600
11200
12000
20800
24000
8550
12600
13500
23400
27000
9500
14000
15000
26000
30000
10450
15400
16500
28600
33000
11400
16800
18000
31200
36000
12350
18200
19500
33800
39000
13300
19600
21000
36400
42000
14136
20832
22320
38688
44640
Factorul B - pierderi dependente de sarcina care se calculeaza pentru transformatoare care sint in
sarcina
Smax
Wa
PSC
1
2
2
B = PSC(----------- ) = PSC ( -------------------- ) = -------- --------- -------- Wa2 = K1*K2*K3* Wa2
S
T umax cos S
S2
Tumax2 cos 2
Nr.
Sn
PSC
K1 *
K3 pentru cos
crt.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
(KVA)
1.
100
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
10000
16000
25000
40000
63000
( Kw )
2.
2.76
3.48
5.04
6.85
9.72
13.9
20.2
65
100
135
160
277.8
10-4
3.
2.76
1.36
0.81
0.43
0.24
0.14
0.08
0.007
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.0007
85/180
156/330
203/430
0.6
0.8
0.92
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
26.23
14.33
10.98
2.78
1.56
1.18
10.
Tumax ( h / luna )
180
330
430
( ore )
85
156
203
Tip
consumator cu activitate intr-un schimb
consumator cu activitate in doua schimburi
consumator cu activitate in trei schimburi
2) Pierderi de energie reactiva
i0
USC
Smax
Wr = A1 + B1 = [ Tf ---------- + --------(---------- )2 ]S
100
100
S
Aceste pierderi se determina numai pentru acele cazuri cind factorul de putere este 0,92.
Tf - numarul de ore cit trafo a eost sub tensiune in sarcina sau in gol;
Smax - puterea maxima aparenta care determina gradul de incarcare al transformatorului:
Smax = Wr * Tumax *sin
Wr
sin = ----------------Wa2 + Wr2
Factorul A1
Nr.
Sn
i0
crt KVA
%
100
.
200
300
400
Timp de functionare
450
500
550
600
650
700
744
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1.
100
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
10000
16000
2.
3.4
3.15
2.9
2.65
2.4
2
1.7
1.3
1.2
3.
340
504
725
1060
1512
2000
2720
13000
19200
4.
680
1008
1450
2120
3024
4000
5440
26000
38400
5.
1080
1512
2175
3180
4536
6000
8160
39000
57600
6.
1360
2016
2900
4240
6048
8000
10880
52000
76800
7.
1530
2268
3263
4770
6804
9000
12240
58500
86400
8.
1700
2520
3625
5300
7560
10000
13600
65000
96000
10.
25000
25000
50000
75000
11.
40000
40000
80000
12.
63000
0.9
56700
11340
0
12000
0
17010
0
10000
0
16000
0
22680
0
11250
0
18000
0
25515
0
12500
0
20000
0
28350
0
9.
1870
2772
3988
5830
8316
11000
14960
71500
10.
2040
3024
4350
6360
9072
12000
16320
78000
11.
2210
3276
4713
6890
9828
13000
17680
84500
12.
2380
3528
5075
7420
10584
14000
19040
91000
13.
2530
3750
5394
7886
11249
14880
20237
96720
10560
0
13750
0
22000
0
31185
0
11520
0
15000
0
24000
0
34020
0
12480
0
16250
0
26000
0
36855
0
13440
0
17500
0
28000
0
39690
0
142848
186000
297600
421848
Factorul B1
B1 =
Wr2 =
USC
Smax
USC
Wr2
U SC
1
2
--------(---------- ) S = -------- * ------------------------ S = -------- * ------------ * -------- *
100
S 2 T2Umax sin2
100
100 S
sin2
T2Umax
= K1 * K2 * K3 * Wr2
Nr.
crt.
0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Sn
(KVA)
1.
100
160
250
400
630
1000
1600
10000
16000
25000
40000
63000
USC
%
2.
4
4
6
4
6
6
6
11
11
11
12
12
K1 *
10-4
3.
4
2.5
2.4
1
0.95
0.6
0.38
1.1
0.069
0.044
0.03
0.02
K3 pentru 1/sin2
85/180
156/330
203/430
0.8
0.6
0.39
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
26.23
14.33
10.98
1.56
2.78
6.67
( Kwh )
R = r0 l
S
P
Wa
I = -------- = ---------------- = ------------------------3U
3 U cos
3 U cos Tumax
W 2a
Wa = 3 r0 l ------------------------ 10-3
3U2 cos2 T2 umax
r0
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sectiune
mmp
r0
( /Km.)
1.
120
150
185
240
300
2.
0.246
0.192
0.160
0.124
0.1
/ Tumax
M2 = M2 = M3
0.6
0.8
3.
4.
0.564
0.44
0.366
0.284
0.227
85/180
26.23
M1 110 Kv.
0.92
0.317
0.25
0.206
0.159
0.128
5.
0.240
0.187
0.18
0.121
0.097
156/330
14.33
1
6.
0.203
0.158
0.132
0.102
0.082
203/430
10.98
Nr.
crt.
Sectiune
mmp
0.
x0
( /Km.)
1.
M1 110 Kv.
0.6
0.8
2.
3.
0.39
4.
5.
1.
120
0.429
0.553
0.984
2.33
2.
150
0.422
0.544
0.968
2.29
3.
185
0.416
0.537
0.955
2.26
4.
240
0.409
0.528
0.938
2.22
5.
300
0.401
0.517
0.92
2.18
CALCULUL PIERDERILOR DE ENERGIE LA LINII ELECTRICE SUBTERANE
Date necesare pentru calcul
sectiunea conductorului , materialul si tipul izolatiei - s ( mmp )
lungimea liniei in portiunea considerata - l ( Km.)
tensiunea nominala a liniei - Un ( Kv )
rezistenta ohmica specifica conductoarelor - r0 ( /Km.)
reactanta specifica a liniei - x0 ( /Km.)
pierderile specifice prin dielectric Pd ( Kw/Km.)
timpul de functionare intr-o luna - Tf ( ore pe luna )
timpul de utilizare a puterii maxime intr-o luna - T Umax ( ore pe luna )
energia electrica activa masurata intr-o luna - Wa ( KWh/luna )
energia electrica reactiva masurata intr-o luna - Wr ( Kvarh/luna )
factorul de putere mediu lunar - cos med
timpul de pierderi pentru o luna - ( ore )
Pierderi de energie activa
Wa = A + B = M3 * M4 * l * W 2a * 10-3 + Md * l
A = M3 * M4 * l * W 2a * 10-3
Nr.
crt.
Sectiune
mmp
0.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
r0
( /Km.)
2.
35
50
70
95
120
150
240
0.812
0.567
0.404
0.306
0.241
0.194
0.157
0.6
M4
0.8
3.
4.
14.100
9.840
7.014
5.31
4.18
3.36
2.73
(0.4 Kv.)
0.92
5.
7.93
5.53
3.95
3
2.36
1.89
1.53
6.
6
4.18
2.99
2.27
1.78
1.43
1.16
5.075
3.54
2.53
1.92
1.51
1.21
0.98
si Anexa 1.
B = Pd * l * Tf = Md * l
Nr.
crt
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Timp
functionare
1
50
100
150
200
Hirtie
3
150
300
450
600
J.T.
PVC
25
1250
250
3750
5000
Poliet.
-
6 - 10 Kv.
Hirtie
PVC
Poliet.
0.15
7.5
15
22.5
30
1.35
67.5
135
202.5
270
0.01
0.5
1
1.5
2
20 Kv.
PVC
Hirtie
0.03
15
30
45
60
Poliet.
0.03
1.5
3
4.5
6
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
744
750
900
1050
1200
1350
1500
1650
1800
1950
2100
2232
6250
7500
8750
10000
11250
12500
13750
15000
16250
17500
18600
37.5
45
52.5
60
67.5
75
82.5
90
97.5
105
111.6
337.5
405
472.5
540
607.5
675
742.5
810
877.5
945
1004.4
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.44
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
210
223.2
7.5
9
10.5
12
13.5
15
16.5
18
19.5
21
22.32