GIUP SINH9VIEN REN LUYEN NANG LU'C DOC HIEU n' • '

? A ' N ~ ~ A

BANG BIEU VA BIEU DO THONG KE

ThS. HOANG NAM HAI*

2. E>qc hi~u TTTK bang bi~u tu

T rong thOi d?i bung nO' thong tin, thong tin thong
ke (TTTK) tran ng@ xung quanh chung ta va
duqc bieu hi$n du6'i nhieu d?ng khac nhau , tren the gi6'i.
trong d6, bang bieu va bieu do thong ke la m(>t d?ng
trinh bay so li$u khcl phO' bien. Tuy nhien, nang llfc
Bang
Bang 1dLt6'i day cht.fa dO' li$u cua 10 cong ti 16'n

1: Doanh thu va loi nhuan cua 1O cong

Doanh thu
ti nam
Lqi
.
2008
nhu~n
S6
Nganh Nam Sov6"i Nam
dQC hieu (NL8H) TTTK dLI6'i d?ng bang bieu va bieu Cong
ccing
lvqng Tai siin
2008 nam 2008
So v<l"i
ti nhan (timlkim) 2006
do cua moi ngLIO'i la khac nhau . Vi v?y, rem luy$n nghi~p
vi~n
(ti mi 2006 (ti mi
(%)
kiml (%) kiml
NL8H TTTK cho sinh vien (SV) chuyen nghi$p la
Royal KPN VT 43531 36254,7 17290 14,3 3630 82,8 .
m(>t nhi$m Vl,J can thiet. Bai viet trinh bay m(>t so van (Hillan)
de ve vi$c giup SV ren luy$n NL8 H bang bieu va bieu Exelon (MT) NL 17800 45894 18925 20 ,9 2736 71,9
do thong ke. Statoil Hidro DK 29500 88992,3 89224 34,6 7525,7 18,9

tu
1. NLflH TTTK bang bi~u, bi~u do (NaUy)
CFE NL 80127 69997,5 20658 6,5 • 682,5 ·457,6
89c hieu TTTK la kha nang mCii ca nhan c6 the (Mexico)
nh?n biet, Ii giai va dLia ra nh?n xet, ket lu~n cua minh ENI (Y) DK 75862 148340,7 120565 10,6 13703 18,5
32133,2 18815 9,0 2554 7,5
tru6'c nhling TTTK. Telstra (Uc) VT 43531

. . TTTK duqc trlnh bay du6'i nhieu .hinh thu'C khac Total (Phap) DK 96442 166003,9 187280 11 ,2 18042 22,2
nhau nhu duoi d?ng bang bieu ho~c bieu do. NLDH BP (Anh) DK 97600 236076 291438 6,:£ 20845 . 5,3
TTTK c6 the dLia vao 3 tieu chuan: • Hieu va nhan CNP BH 634011 136302,6 159260 21,0 4166 12,5
biet dl!Q'C TTTK; -U giai va suy lu~n dVQ'C cac TTTK; (Philp) .
Assurances

• Kha nang U'ng d1,Jng TTTK vao cac ITnh VlfC ho~t -Wurttemberg Energie Baden NL 20499 41543,4 20270 21,8 • 1867 • 248,3

d¢ng kinh te - xa h¢i. (Elli<:)

NLBH TTTK tl!bang bieu, bieu do dvqc danh gia (ChU thich:VT: Vien - thong; DK: Dau khi; NL: Nang IVQ'Tlg;
theo 6 cap dQ nhv sau : 1) Nh?n biet va thong hieu BH: Bao higm ; 1 USO (mi kim) = 19100 VND; 1 ti mi kim =
cac TTTK dvqc trinh bay dv6'i d~ng bang bieu ho~c 19100tiVN D).
bieu do thong ke; 2) £J9c hieu so' li?u thong ke dllQ'C Tru6'c bang dO' li$u thong ke nay, neu chva c6 kha
bieu di~n qua bang bieu, bieu do, biet llfa·ch9n d?ng nang d9c hieu bang bieu, ngvO'i h9c c6 the chi dQC
do thi phu hqp de bieu di~n cac du li$u; 3) Hieu ro so' dVQ'C CclC thong tin rO'i r?C, rieng le ma thieu Slf phan
li?u thong ke dvqc bieu di~n qua bang bieu, bieu tich, II giai cung nhLI g~n ket gilia cac thong tin. 88'
do
va llfa ChQn d~ng do thj phu hQ'p de bieu di~n cac ren luy$n NL8H bang bieu cho ngLIOi hQc, GV can
lo~i dO' li$u. Thlfc hanh tinh toan, Ii giai dO' li$u tLJ' bang dva ra h$ thong cau hoi theo cap d(> tlr thap len cao.
bieu va bieu do, tim moi lien h$ gilia cac dli li$u; 4) Gau hoi 1:Cong ti c6 nganh cong nghi$p NL nao
Lien ket cac dO li?u dVQ'C cho trong bang bieu, bieu sau day c6 t6ng tai san Ion nhat: a) Exelon; b) CFE;
do, SU dvng kT nang suy lu~n thOnQ ke de tim moi c) Energie Baden-W Orttemberg; d) Ca Exelon va
lien M nhan qua ghia cac TTTK nham dva ra phan Energie Baden-WOrttemberg.
doan, ket lu~n; 5) Lien ket thanh thq.o cac dO li?u trong · 8e tra IOi cau hOi nay, cac em phai dQC dli li$u tv
bang bieu, bieu d&, SU dvng thanh th~o kT nang suy bang 1va xac djnh cong ti nao c6 nganh cong nghi$p
lu~n thon~ ke de tim moi lien h$ nhan qua gilia cac la NL, sau d6, so sanh gia trj tai san cua tat ca cac cong
TTTK nham de dva ra phcl.n doan, ket lu~n; 6) Suy ti d6 de tim gia trj 16n nhat. Xem bang, ngvO'i hQC nh~n
lu~n th6ng ke d~t den trinh d¢ cao, nhling ket lu?n thay cac cong ti Exelon, CFE, Energie Baden·
rqt ra dvqc U'ng dt,Jng vao cac ITnn Vl/C ho?t d(>ng kinh
te. xa h(>i. . *.Truong Cao dang giao thong v~n tai II Oa Nang

361 T•p chi .Giao dye so 303

 Wurttemberg la nhOng cong ti nganh cong nghi$p NL, ti le la 61, 1%. Gau 1
ho/ de cap den kha nang doc
trong d6, cong ti CFE c6 tru san 69997,5 ti mi kim la hi~u dli li$u tren bieu do cua SV . Vi v?y, tra IO'i dung
16n nhat. Vi v?y, cau tra IO'i dung lab) CFE. Tra IO'i duqc cau hoi nay cac em d~t dl!Q'C cap cfQ 1va cap
GQ 2.
cau hOi 1, sv da d~t duqc <19 1va <19 2. cap cap Gau hoi 2: Nam hoc 2008-2009, c6 tat ca bao
Gau hoi 2: Gia Slr IO'i nhuan dl!O'C chia deu cho nhieu HS tie~ hQc? Trinh bay each tinh .
moi nhan vien trori g c6ng ti, ~han ~ien cua cong ti DCr li$u can tim khong dl!Q'C li$t ke tren bieu do,
nao trong cac 4 cong ti sau duqc chia lqi nhu?n cao cau hoi nay tuy khong kh6 nhvng hO'i I~ v&i SV , doi
nhat?: a) Royal KPN ; b) Telstra; c) BP ; d) Total. hoi cac em p~ai CO nang ll/C lien ket, kha nang suy
lu?n TTTK de tim ra dap an . SV can can cu vao dli
Chi so IQ'i nhu~n moi nhan vien cua cac c6ng ti
li$U ph~n anh tren bieu do hinh CQt de tim tong SO
khong xuat hi$n trong bang 1, nhllng tl! nhfrng TTTK HS pho thong nam hQc 2008-2009, sau do lien ket
0 tren, ngvOi hQC c6 the ti/ suy lu$n va tinh toan du;ac. v&i dli li$u tren bieu do hinh tron de xac dinh so HS
Ba_ng 1cho biet lqi nhu$n va so lvqng nhan vien c~a tieu hQC. V&i cac so li$u d6, ngvO'i hQC can 'ngiai, Xlt Ii
m~i c6ng ti (c(>t 3 va 7 tl! trai qua). Lqi nhu$n cua de tra IO'i cau h_oi. TL! d6, v$n d ~ng cac ki nang tinh
moi n.han vien la tong lqi nhu$n cua cong ti d6 chia toan, SV di den ket qua, so HS tieu hoc nam hoc
cho tong so nhan vien. Vi v$y. ta c6 the so sanh b~ng 2008-2009 1a: · ·
each l?p cac ti so sau: IS,\ x 6 \,I
loO = 1106(t·•
, . n~u em ).
3630 2554
Royal KPN la: , ;
435.) 1
Telstra la: ·
4353 1'
BP lir. V&i_ cau hoi nay, c6 the m<?t so sv se g~p lung
20845 ' 18042 tung neu chi can CVvao mot bieu do de tim cau tra
97600 ; Total la: 96442 ; cap
IO'i , tra IO'i dlIQ'C cau hoi nay cac em da dc,it dl!Q'C
B~ng phep so sanh cac phan so, ngl!O'i hQC d§ cf93va 4.
dang tim dVQ'C cau tra IO'i dung lac) BP. Tra IOi dVO'c G,au hoi 3: Gia sv phan hlnh qu~t bieu thi ti 1$
CaU hoi nay, CclC em da d~t dl!Q'C 0 cfQ 3va C~p cap HS tieu hQC giam 21 ,1%. Khi d6, tong so HS THPT
cf94. va THCS trong nam hoc 2008-2009 la bao nhieu?
.• 3. e9c hi~u TTTK bi~u tu do Trinh bay each tinh .
Neu nhv bang bieu trinh bay dv li~u theo cot va Yeu cau CUa cau hoi 3 la ngVOi hoc can n~m dl!O'C
hang thi bieu do th6ng ke 1~ trinh bay li$u dv6i d~g cw khi phan hinh quc,it bieu thi ti 1~ HS tieu hQc giam
hinh anh nhlf dl!O'ng cong, bieu do... f)e ren luyen cho 21 ,1%, thi phan hinh qu~t con lc,ii tang them 21 ,1%
SV Nlf)H bieu doth6ng ke, GV c6thedlla ra hai dang va chiem ti 1$: 8,1 + 30,8 + 21,1 = 60% . Lien ket v&i
CaU hoi lien quan den kha nang dQC Va suy lu$n cac cac dli li$u bieu thj t6ng so HS tren bieu do hinh cot
dCr li$u tren bieu do thong ke. Xet vi d~ sau: nam hQc 2008-2009, SV se suy lu~n va dua ra 16-i
giai cho bai toan: . .
, Bieu do sau cho biet tong so h9c sinh (HS) oba
Tong so HS THPT va THCS nam hQc 2008-
c~p hQc (tieu hQc, THCS , THPT) va ti I~ HS cac a , 18,l x60
cap hQC CUa nVdC ta trong nam hQC 2008-2009 (bieu 20091 a:
( .•
= 10,86 tn~u em) . Ho~c cac em
,
<16 1): 100
Ti n• 1i hq< s;oh 1roog ci< oim hQ< :'iim 1l9c 2008-2009 c6 the tinh tong so HS tieu hoc va THCS nam hoc

-
· -
,. ,.
T11q0x
~ 20 l 16.6 IU 17.2 ILi TNPJhet POOrunr
2008-2009 theo each sau: . .
~ 11 tf· >i.~ 38,9x l8,I +21 ,l x l8, I =

1
•.. ~;-l
l: :~, ~} Casv.JIU 11
10 ' 86 (t n~u
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it·:.~ -
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<
l
·~
::'<"
~J~
~~
,,.(,:.;;.,
~, ! :.·:·r+.ff';• ,,
100 100

V6'i cau hoi nay, ngllO'i hQC c6 these lung tung

~ tr -- ' ~t
Ii .l - :f. - •

200Z·nl~ 200~~
-•'
200-i·ZOOS 2005-2006 Z00Crl007 200l-200'J Titu "«: I neu cac em tim ti 1$ tang rieng bi~t cho hai phan
stm• BieU do· 1 6
1.1 hinh quc,it con lc,ii. Tuy nhien, oday da xay ra qua
Gau
hoi 1:Tim tong so HS cua nl16'c ta nam hoc trinh phan tich de Xlt Ii so li$U, cung nhV suy luan de
2008-2009? So HS tieu hoc chiem ti le bao nhi~u giai quyet van de. Tra IO'i dung cau hoi nay, ca~ em
phan tram? - · · · da d~t dVQ'C cap cfQ 5va cap 6cfQ cua Nlf)H bieu do
TITK ve s? lllqng HS dl!Q'c li$t ke ngay tren tllng thong ke .
CQt Cua bieu d6. V&i cau hoi nay, cac em chi viec can ,4. Ket hqp ghia NLeH bang bi~u va NLeH
Ctl VclO dli li~U tren CQt th tl 6 tlt trai qua de dQC so li$U bieu do thong ke .- · .
tuang t!n~ v&i nam hQc do la 18,1 tri~u ngvO'i, can Vi di/ So li$u thue bao di$n thoc,ii theo thang, nam
ct!vao bieu do hinh tron de d9c so HS tieu hQC chiem 2009 nhlf sau :

(kt];:.- 2 /20i3J
T~p chi Giao dye so 303 j 37
·"':·
 Thang
56IUQrq ngtJI!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g 10 11 12 SV CO y nghi thlfC tien, g6p phan doi m6'i phllO'ng
82.52 86.6 89.19 89.5 92.92 101.7 107.84 110.3 113.5 106.4 107.5 130.4
1nutbao phap d9Y hQc men Xac fuat va Thong ke a cac
(OOnvi:
lri!urqulll} trvang d9i hQC va cao dang. Trong d6, t$p trung
theo hu6'ng phat trien NLDH TTTK giup nguai hQc
Nguen: http:llmic.gov.vnlvnlnewsdetaiflsolieuthongke c6 the tr& thanh nhling c6ng dan c6 kha nang v$n
vienthong/4901/index.mic dt,mg linh ho9t kien thlrc da hQC vao giai quyet cac
Gau hoi 1: Em hay ch9n d9ng bieu do thich hqp . van de thlfc tien. 0
de bieu dien bang so li$u 0 tren? Giai thlch SL! ll.fa
chon d6 cua em. Tai li~u tham kbao
·Cau hoi 1 Se giup SV hieu r6 mt,JC dich cua meJi I . J. Garfield - D. Ben-Zvi. Research on statistical
loai bieu do, aday cac em se chon bieu do thich literacy, reasoning, and thinking: Issues, challenges,
hQp la bieu do dllO'ng (hinh 1), vi cac so li~u tr~ng and implications. The Challenge of Developing
bang tang theo thai gian . Neu cac em kh6ng Hgiai Statistical literacy, Reasoning and Thinking .
Dordrecht : Kluer Academic Publishers, 2004.
duqc t9i sao ch9n bieu do duang thi coi nhu cac
2. Programme for International Student Assessment
em khong c6 diem cho cau hoi nay. Do d6, cau (PISA) . The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework.
hoi 1 dlIQ'C xep vao cap dQ 2, 3 cua NLDH bang Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
bieu va bieu do thong ke. Development (OECD).
Gau hoi 2: 140 .----------~ 3. Tran Thi MT Trang. "Khao sat hi~u biet ve bieu
Cong ti vien - =
120 · . ... ... .. . .. . ......... .. ... . .. . ...... . ..
• •. • ..• •
.• dien do thi cua bang so li~u cua hQc sinh lap I 0".
thong muon :! '00 · ···~~ .. .; ... . .... :···• · . . . . .... .... ..... .. Lu (l n van th~c sT Khoa hQc Giao d1.1c Toan, D~i hQc su
nhan manh ~ 80 ·• -- · - · ... · ... ...... ....... . .... .......... · ph~m Hue, 201 o.
rfulgluqngthue l :: :.: : : ·::. : : : ::::: . · · ................ 4. http ://www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
'l}l
bao trong nam 20 . ...... .. ......... . .. .. .. 5. http://www.tintuc.xalo.vn
2009 tang rat I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
nhanh theo SUMMARY
Hinh 1 Thang
·~ rung thang. Em In this era of information explosion, statistical in-
hay giup hQ dlla ra mc)t giai phap ve de.mg bieu do tren formation is full around us, they ar.e shown in vari-
ous types. including statistical tables and charts pre-
,, nh&m d~t dlIQ'C mt,JC dlch d6? CO' so toan hQC cua ki sented data popularly and impressively. However,
thu$!nay la gi? the ability of reading and understanding of statistical
a day, cac em cfui phan tich ki cau hoi de suy lu$n information presented in tables and charts is not the
ra r~ng neu lam tang de) doc same among the students. Thence. practicing stu-
cua dL!Ong bieu dien thi dents' ability ofreading and understanding ofstatis-
nglfOi xem c6 cam giac llIQ'llg thue bao tang rat nhanh tical information is a task that every mathematics
theo tt1ng thang (hinh 2). Tl!d6, b~g syy lu~. cac em educator to help them become educated citizens. My
paper presents a number of problems to help stu-
nghi den each keo dai ti 1$ tren tl'l}c thilng dUl1g. Tinh dents practice the ability of mastering of statistical
huong cua cau hOi 2 la mc)t tinh hu6ng kha m& doi v6i tables and charts.
nguOi hQC, cac em se g~p kh6 khan trong vi$<: tim
phpang an de giru quyet van de. Vi$c chia ti 1$ tren trt,JC , ,
thang dUng se khong giong nhau vi v$y se c6 nhieu E>INH CHINH
d~g bieu do dap -Ung yeu cau bai toan. Giai dap dllQ'C
T~p chi Giao dye, so 302, trang 51, bai
cau hOi nay cac em da d~t dVQ'C cap de) 5 Va cap de) 6.
Tom lai, de · "V?n dl_mg phuong ph8p dq.y h<?c hqp tac theo
c6 the tiep' nh~n 140 .---------~
nh6m trong d?Y h<?C cljnh If hinh hqc cho hqc
va Hgiai TTTK, 130 ... ...................... ........ .... ...... .. ... ... .
sinh trung hqc CO' s6': do SO' xuat cua Ban bien
m6i nguai. phai ..], 120 t~p da ghi nham ten tac gia la Nguy~n Thanh
Trung. Nay xin clqc clung l?i ten tac gi8 bai Mo
c6 NLDH cac !
11 0
tren la Nguy~n Trung Thanh.
TTTK. Ket qucf J 100 ...... .... ... .................. .... ....................
nghien cLi'u vi$c -~ 90 Thanh th~t xin .16i tac gia Nguy~n Trung
ren lu y$n NLDH so +"-r-.-'T""'T~--,-,.----.--.-.,......,..-1 Thanh va b9n dQc
bang bieu, bieu , 2 1 4 s Thang 6 1 s 9 10 ,, 12 T~P CHi GIAO Ol)C
d6 tho'ng ke cho Hinh 2

3s I 1'.'lilP chi Giao dye so 303 (kil-2/2013)