Sobotta - Kepala

>Head Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Regio orbitalis
Regio inlraorbitalis
Regio zygomatica
Regio oralis
Regio buccalis
iigonumsubmentale
Trigonum
)
?igonumsubmandibulare
Trigonum I l-"-9i9-,,-
rrisonum
caroticum ffii:',"#"
I
/Trigonummusculare
lomotracheale],
Regio sternocleidomastoidea
minor
Fossasuoraclavicularis
Trigonum
omoclavrculare
F i g .5 9 R e g i o n so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,
R e g i o n e cs a p i t i se t c o t l i .
Regioparietalis
Regio temporalis
Regio frontalis
Regio orbitalis
Regionasalis
Regio
Regioinfraorbitalis
Regiooralis
Regiobuccalis
Regio mentalis
f Trigonum /
submandibulare
...1 Regio sternocleidomastoidea
t"#i!i';?
""n'" ] rrisonum
caroticum
Regiocervicalisposterior
I rr'nonrr musculare
lomotracheale]
) Regio ..
Trigonum I cervrcails
omoctavrcutare J lateralis
minor
Fossasuoraclavicularis
Regio deltoidea
F i g . 5 0 R e g i o n so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,
R e g i o n e cs a p i t i se t c o [ [ i .
Topography
Arcuszygomaticus
Aperturapiriformis
F i g .6 1 S k u L [C
, ranium.
Surface lSketetonl Muscles
of theskull
Os trontale,
Suturainternasalis Squamalrontalis
Os nasale
Maxilla, Proc frontalis Suturafrontonasalis
Suturaf rontolacrimalis
Suturafrontomaxillaris
Suturasphenofrontalis
Margosupraorbitalis Foramensupraorbitale
Suturacoronalis
Os parietale
Os parietale,
Angulussphenoidalis
Os sphenoidale, Sutura
Ala major sphenoparietalis
Os frontale, Os sphenoidale,
Parsorbitalis Ala major,
Faciesorbitalis
Os frontale,
Proc zygomaticus Os temporale
Fissura
orbitalissuperior Suturafrontozygomatica
Os sphenoidale,
Ala minor Os lacrlmale
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Sutura
sphenozygomatica
Os zygomaticum
Fissuraorbitalisinferior Suturanasomaxillaris
Margo infraorbitalis Foramen infraorbitale
Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
Concha nasalis media
. f Os ethmoidale
seprumnasr]
osseumI
\ vomer
Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla, Proc alveolaris

Ramus mandibulae
Spina nasalis anterior
Sutura intermaxillaris
Foramenmentale
Corpusmandibulae
Os frontale
f,, ii Os temporale Vomer
Os nasale Concha nasalis inferior Os ethmoidale
Maxilla Mandibula Os parietale
os zygomaticum Os lacrimale Os sphenoidale

X
F i g . 6 2 B o n e so f t h e s k u [ t ,0 s s a c r a n i i .
Bonesof theskull
Os parietale
Suturasquamosa
Suturacoronalis
Lineatemporalis
superior
inferior
Lineatemooralis
Linea temporalis Tuberparietale
Sutura
sphenozygomatica
Sutura
Sutura squamosa
frontozygomatica
US
Sutura
parieto-
Sutura mastoidea
frontolacrimalis
Os lacrimale
Sutura
Sutura lambdoidea
lacflmo-
maxillaris
Os nasale
Sutura
naso-
maxillaris
Spina Suturaoccioitomastoidea
nasalrs
anterior
Sutura Porusacusticusexternus
zygomatico-
maxillaris Condylus
occipitalis
Proc styloideus
Sutura
temporo-
zygomatica
Protuberantia
mentalis
Foramenmentale
Os frontale
I Os lacrimale Os temporale
Os parietale
I ,,
Os zygomaticum Maxilla
Os occipitale Os sphenoidale Mandibula

|:
Os nasale
X Os ethmoidale
F i g . 5 3 B o n e so f t h e s k u L tO
, s s ac r a n i i .
> Head M us c tes
Bonesof theskull
Tuberfrontale
Sutura coronalis
Llnea
temporalis
supenor
Lrnea
temporalis
interior
Tuber
parietale
Suturasagittalis
Foramen parietale
Sutura lambdoidea
Os nasale Os parietale
Os frontale Os occipitale
F i g . 6 1 B o n e so f t h e s k u L LO, s s ac r a n i i ;
s u p e n o rv r e w .
To pogr a p h y
Bonesof theskull
Suturasagittalis
Foramenparietale (Osinterparietale;
Os Incae)
Sutura lambdoidea
(Suturaoccipitalis
transversa,Var.) Ossasuturalia
Sutura
squamosa
Sutura
parietomastoidea
Sutura
occipitomastoidea
Foramen
mastoideum
Incisuramastoidea
Proc,styloideus
Linea nuchalisinferior Protuberantia
externa
occipitalis
Linea nuchalissuDerior
osparietate Os temporale Os occipitale

I
F i g .6 5 B o n e so f t h e s k u I t ,0 s s a c r a n i i ;
o o s t e r i o vr i e w .
> Head t t uatu,
Bonesof theskull
Foramenparietale
Sulciarteriosi
Suturacoronalis
Os temporale,
Dorsumsellae Pars squamosa
Sella turcica
Lamina et
Foraminacribrosa
Sinuslrontalis
Eminentia
arcuata
Foramen
caecum
Crista galli
Osnasale---1p.............
Os
ethmoidale,
Lamtna
perpen-
dicularis
Sinus
sphenoidalis Squama
occipitalis
Protuberantia
occipitalis
Canalis externa
Inctstvus Sulcussinustransversi
Proc Sulcussinussigmoidei
palatinus,
Foramen mastoideum
Crista
nasalrs Poruset Meatusacusticus
internus
Canalis nervi hypoglossi
Os palatinum Proc styloideus

Hamuluspterygoideus Proc pterygoideus,Lamina medialis
Proc pterygoideus,Lamina lateralis
Proc pterygoideus,
Fossapterygoidea
Os frontale Os sphenoidale
Os parietale Os temporale
Os occipitale l\ilaxilla
Os nasale Vomer
Os ethmoidale Os palatinum
F i g . 6 5 B o n e so f t h e s k u l t ,0 s s ac r a n i i ;
mediatview.
Topogr a p h y
Bonesof theskull
cristafrontalis
Sulcussinussagittalis
superioris
Foveolaegranulares
Suturacoronalis
supenons
Suturalambdoidea Os occipitale
Os frontale osparietate Os occipitale

I
Fig. 67 Calvaria,CaLvaria;
i^+^-^^l ^-^^^+
il ttct I tdt d>PcL(.
Head Musc[es
Bonesof theskull
Cristafrontalis
superioris Foramen caecum
Ala cristae galli
Tuberculum
sellae Crista galli
Lamina et Foraminacribrosa
gyrorum
rmpressrones Os sphenoidale,
Corpus
Dorsum sellae
Proc clinoideusposterior
Canalis opticus
Fissuraorbitalissuperior
Suturasphenof
rontalis
I
Os sphenoidale,Ala minor
Fossa hypophysialis
Foramenrotundum Proc clinoideusanterior
Lingulasphenoidalis Sulcuscaroticus
Sutura
Foramenlacerum spnenosquamosa
Sulcus
Foramen ovale arteriosus
Fissura
petrooccipitalis
Foramen
sprnosum
Spinaossis
sphenoidalis
Sulcusinus
Os temporale, petrosi
Pars inferioris
squamosa
Fissura
Sulcusnervi perro-
petrosiminoris squamosa
Porus
Sulcusnervi acusticus
petrosimajoris Internus
Margosuperior
Margosuperior partis
partispetrosae pelrosae
Foramen
Os temporale, lugurare
Pars petrosa
Sulcussinus
Sulcusinus sigmoidei
petrosisuperioris
Canalis condylaris
Foramen mastoideum
Sutura
occipitomastoidea
Fossasubarcuata
Foramen jugulare
Clivus

Sulcussinustransversi
Foramenmagnum
Protuberantia interna
occioitalis
(Cristaoccipitalisinterna)
superioris
Os frontale Os ethmoidale Os temporale
Os parietale Os sphenoidale Os occipitale
F i g . 5 8 I n t e r n a sL u r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u L t ,
B a s i sc r a n i i n t e r n a .
To p o g r a p h y
Bonesof theskull
Laminacribrosa
,)..-'.
Canalisopticus
Fissuraorbitalis
Fossa cranii supenor
anterior
Foramenrotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramenlacerum;
Fissura
spnenoperrosa
Fossacranii
media
Foramen
sprnosum
Canaliscaroticus,
Aperturainterna
Porusacusticus
internus
jugulare
Foramen
Canalisnervi
Fossa cranii hypoglossi
posterior
Foramen magnum
F i g . 6 9 I n t e r n a sI u r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ t ,
B a s i sc r a n i ii n t e r n a a
, n df o r a m i n a F
, oramina
> Head M us c l es
3w Bonesof theskull
Foramenincisivum
Spinanasalisposterior
Sutura palatinamediana
Vomer,Alaevomeris
Maxilla, Proc palatinus
Os palatinum,
Proc pyramidalis transversa
Suturaoalatina
Maxilla, Proc zygomaticus
Os oalatinum.Lamina horizontalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Lamina medialis Foramenpalatinum
majus
Hamuluspterygoideus
Fissuraorbitalisinferior
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis Arcuszygomalicus
Os sphenoidale,
Ala major Crista
infratemporalis
Proc pterygoideus,
Os temporale, Laminamedialis
Proc
zygomaticus Foramen
ovale
Foramen
lacerum Tuberculum
pnaryngeum
Foramen
sprnosum Tuberculum
articulare
Fossa
mandibularis Canalis
caroticus
Spina ossis Canaliculus
sphenoidalis mastoideus
Proc
slyloideus
Foramen
stylo-
lvleatus mastoideum
acusticus
exlernus
Fossa
jugularis
Proc
mastoideus
Inctsura
mastoidea
Foramen
lugurare Canalis nervi
hypoglossi
Os parietale
Foramen
mastoideum
Fossula
petrosa
Condylus
occipitalis
Foramenmagnum
Canalis condylaris
Linea nuchalissuperior
Protuberantiaoccioitalisexterna Linea nuchalis inferior
Maxilla Os palatinum Os sphenoidale
Os frontale
I Vomer Os temporale
Os parietale
ffi Os zygomaticum Os occipitale
F i g .7 0 E x t e r n a sLu r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ 1 ,
B a s i sc r a n i ie x t e r n a
T o p o g r a p h y| O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Bonesof theskull
Foramina incisiva
Foramen palatinummajus Palatumdurum
Foramina palatina
mtnora
Fissura orbitalis
inferior Arcuszygomaticus
Fossa
infratemporalis
Foramen
ovate
Choana
Foramen
sptnosum
Foramen lacerum;
Fissura
sphenopetrosa
Porusacusticus
externus
Canalis caroticus,
Apertura externa
Foramen
stylomastoideum
Foramen jugulare
Canalis nerui hypoglossi
Foramen magnum
F i g . 7 1 E x t e r n a sLu r f a c eo f t h e b a s eo f t h e s k u [ 1 ,
B a s i sc r a n i ie x t e r n aa, n d f o r a m i n a F
, oramina.
> Head Surface lSkel.etonl Muscles
SkulL,radiography
Sutura lambdoidea
Suturasagittalis
Cellulaeethmoidales
Sinus frontales
Crista galli
lvlargo supraorbitalis
Meatusnasimedius
Fissuraorbitalissuperior
Parspetrosa
Os temporale,
Meatus nasi superior
Septum nasi
l\4eatusacusticusexternus
Sinus maxillaris Cellulaemastoideae

Proc mastoideus
Spina nasalis anterior
Palatum durum Ramusmandibulae
Axis, Dens
l\4eatus
nasiinferior
Densincisivus
Cavitas nasi
Corpusmandibulae
F i g . 7 2 S k u L tC , ranium;
A P - t e t e r aido gr ap h .
* I n n o m i n aItien e L, i n e ai n n o m i n a taap, r o j e c t i oLni n e
withoutanatomicaI corre[ate
't'r:nr:qr*p:hy
| ilr13arrili'ejl", | .*rtinns
Skull,radiography
Lamrna
externa
Diplod
Lamina
interna
Proc
c lin o i d e u s
Sutura anterior
coronalis
Proc
clinoideus
posterior
Fossa
hypophysialis
Os frontale,
Pars orbitalis
Sutura
lambdoidea
Fossa
Sinus mandibularis
frontalis
Cellulae
ethmoidales
Os nasale Cellulae
mastoideae
Sinus
sphenoidalis
lvleatus
acusticus
externus
Sinus
maxillaris
Caput
mandibulae
Palatum Atlas, Arcus

durum anterior
Atlas,
Tuberculum
posterius
Axis, Dens
Proc
mandibulae sprnosus
vertebrae
ceruicalisll
Cartilagoepiglottica
\
\ os hyotderm, Ramus mandibulae
Corpus
F i g . 7 3 S k u [ 1C, r a n i u m ;
[ a t e r aLt e L e r a d i or g
ap h
* Posterio wra [ [o f t h em a x i L t asriyn u s
> Head Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
Skull,development
Fonticulus
anterior
Os parietale
(Suturafrontalis) Suturacoronalis
Os frontale,Tuberfrontale
Maxilla, Proc frontalis
Foramensupraorbitale
Os nasale
Ala major Os temporale

Os sphenoidale,
Septumnasiosseum
Forameninfraorbitale Os zygomaticum
Densdeciduus
Mandibula
Foramen mentale
(Symphysis mandibulae)
F i g . 7 t , S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
Os lacrimale Os occipitale Os ethmoidale
Os frontale Maxilla,Os incisivum Os sphenoidale
Os parietale Os zygomaticum Mandibula

Os nasale,Os temporale,
Fonticulus
anterior
Suturacoronalis
Os frontale, Tuber frontale Tuberparietale

Os parietale,
Fonticulus
sphenoidalis
Os sphenoidale,Ala major
posterior
Fonticulus
Os zygomaticum
Squamaoccipitalis
Apedurapiriformis
Sutura
lambdoidea
Mandibula
Fonticulus
mastoideus
Parspetrosa
Os temporale,
Anulustympanicus
Os occioitale.Parslateralis
, f a neonate.
F i g .7 5 S k u t t ,C r a n i u m o
Suturafrontalis
Os frontale.Squamafrontalis
Suturacoronalis
Fonticulus
anterior
Os parietale,Tuberparietale
posterior
Fonticulus
Suturasagittalis
Suturalambdoidea
Os occipitale,Squamaoccipitalis
F i g . 7 6 S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
I Vomer Os occipitale,Os palatinum Maxilla,

Os incisivum
Os frontale Os temporale Os zygomaticum
I Os parietale Mandibula
W
Ossphenoidale
Fonticulusposterior
Os occipitale,Squama occipitalis
Os parietale
(Suturaoccipitalis
transversa,Var.)
Fonticulus
mastoideus
Os temporale,Parspetrosa
Os occioitale. Pars lateralis

Os temporale,
Parssquamosa
Foramenmagnum
Parstympanica,
Anulustympanicus
Os temporale,Parspetrosa
Proc.pterygoideus
Os sphenoidale,
Vomer Maxilla.Proc. Dalatinus
Os oalatinum.
Laminahorizontalis (Osincisivum)
Mandibula
F i g . 7 7 S k u [ t ,C r a n i u m o
, f a neonate.
M us c tes
Frontaland ethmoidalbone
Souamafrontalis.
Faciesexterna
Tuberfrontale
Margo parietalis
Arcussuperciliaris
lncisurafrontalis
Parsnasalis Spinanasalis
Fig.78 FrontaLbone,Os fronta[e.
Os frontale.
Souamafrontalis
lncisurasuoraorbitalis
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Margosupraorbitalis
Fossaglandulae
lacrimalis
Labvrinthus
ethmoidalis
Margosupraorbitalis Proc zygomaticus
Laminaperpendicularis
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Os lrontale osethmoidate
X
F i g . 7 9 F r o n t a lb o n e ,0 s f r o n t a [ ee; t h m o i d a bI o n e ,
0 s e t h m o i d a t ea, n d n a s a lb o n e s ,O s s an a s a t i a .
Maxillaandpalatinebone
Cristalacrimalis
Proc frontalis, anterior
Margo lacrimalis
Incisura
lacrimalis
lvlargoinfraorbitalis
Forameninfraorbitale
Facies orbitalis
(Cristazygomatico-
Sulcus infraorbitalis
alveolaris)
Facies infratemporalis Fossacanina

lncisuranasalis
Foramina alveolaria Soinanasalisanterior
Proc zygomaticus
Juga alveolaria
Tuber maxillae
Proc alveolaris
F i g .8 0 MaxiLLM
a ,a x i l . t a .
Margo lacrimalis
Cristaethmoidalis
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Sulcuslacrimalis
Cristaconchalis
Maxilla, Facies nasalis
Spina nasalis anletiot -.1
Crista conchalis
Maxilla.Proc. oalatinus Spinanasalisposterior
Suturapalatinatransversa
Maxilla
Os palatinum
, a x i l . t aa,n d p a t a t i n eb o n e ,
F i g .8 1 M a x i t [ aM
0s patatinum.
Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Squamafrontalis,
Faciesinterna
Cristasphenoidalis
Sinus sphenoidalis
Sinus
frontalis
Fossahypophysialis
Dorsumsellae
Sutura
frontonasalis
Os
nasale
Os sphenoidale,
Corpus
Os ethmoidale, Alavomeris
Septum
nastosseum
Proc.pterygoideus,
Maxilla, Laminamedialis
Proc frontalis
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Os lacrimale
Hamuluspterygoideus
Os palatinum,
Maxilla, Laminahorizontalis
Proc. palatinus
Maxilla Os palatinum
Os frontale Os ethmoidale
Os nasale
I Vomer
Os sphenoidale Os lacrimale
F i g . 8 2 B o n yn a s asI e p t u m ,
S e o t u mn a s o
i sseum.
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Crista galli Conchanasalissuperior
Sinussphenoidalis
Foramen
sohenoDalatinum
Os nasale
Os sphenoidale,
Corpus

Hiatusmaxillaris
Clivus
Conchanasalisinferior Os occipitale
Os palatinum,
Proc.pterygoideus,
Spina nasalis anterior Laminamedialis
Canalis incisivus
Hamuluspterygoideus
Maxilla, Laminahorizontalis
Os Dalatinum.
Proc palatinus
Fig. 83 Lateralwat[ of the nasaIcavity,

C a v i t a sn a s i .
Os parietale Concha nasalis inferior
Maxilla Os sphenoidale
Os frontale Os occipitale X Os ethmoidale
Os nasale Os palatinum Os lacrimale
Sinusfrontalis
Apertura
*
sinuslrontalis
Aperturasinussphenoidalis
Concha nasalis
supenor
Sinussphenoidalis
Os nasale
Os Foramen
lacrimale sphenopalatinum
Proc.uncinatus Os palatinum,
Cristaethmoidalis
Hiatus
maxillaris Conchanasalisinferior,
Proc ethmoidalis
Spina
nasalis
anterior
Fig. 84 Lateralwa[[ of the nasalcavity,
Canalis C a v i t a sn a s i ;
tnctstvus
t h e m i d d t en a s a Ic o n c h ah a s b e e n
removed.
' Probelocated in thepassage fromthefrontal
n a s am
s i n u st o t h em i d d [ e L eatus
> Head M us c tes
Hardpalate
Sinusmaxillaris
F i g .8 5 H a r dp a [ a t e P , a t a t u md u r u m ; m a x i l t a r ys i n u s ,
S i n u sm a x i [ L a r i sa,n d i n f e r i o rn a s a Ic o n c h a C
, oncha
n a s a L i isn f e r i o r .
lvlaxilla Os sphenoidale
Os palatinum Concha nasalis lnlerior
Laminahorizontalis
Os oalatinum.
Maxilla,Proc zygomaticus
(Suturaincisiva)
(Osincisivum)
Foramenincisivum Suturaoalatinamediana
F i g .8 6 H a r dp a [ a t e P
, a t a t u md u r u m .
To p o g r a p h y
0rbit andpterygopalatine
fossa
Os palatinum,
Proc orbitalis
Fissuraorbitalisinlerior
Os sphenoidale,Ala major
1.-
Os zygomaticum
Fossa
saccilacrimalis
F i 9 .8 7 B a s eo f t h e o r b i t ,0 r b i t a
oszygomaticum Maxilla
I
Os temporale
I Os lacrimale
Os palatinum Os ethmoidale
Os sphenoidale Os frontale
Arcuszygomaticus
infratemporalis
Foramen Foramenovale
zygomaticofaciale
Foramen
spinosum
Ala major,
Spinaossissphenoidalis
Proc pterygoideus
(Crista
zygomaticoalveolaris)
Os palatinum,
Laminaperpendicularis,
Fossapterygopalatina
Proc.pyramidalis
Os palatinum,
Os sphenoidale,
Proc pterygoideus,
Foraminaalveolaria Hamuluspterygoideus
Fig. 88 fossa,Fossapterygopalatina.
Pterygopatatine
> Head M us c l es
0rbit
Foraminaethmoidalia
anterius et poslerius
Incisura
lrontalis Canalisopticus
Fissura
orbitalis
superior
Os ethmoidale,
Lamina orbitalis (Sutura
zygomaticofrontalis)
Suturalrontomaxillaris Alaminor
)
I
l Os sphenoidale
Os nasale - Ala major, I
Faciesorbitalis./
Cristalacrimalis
anterior Os zygomaticum,
Faciesorbitalis
posterior
Cristalacrimalis Foramen
zygomaticolaciale
Os palatinum, Fissura orbitalisinlerior

Proc orbitalis
Sulcusinlraorbitalis
Foramen infraorbitale: Canalis inlraorbitalis Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
Fig.89 0rbit,0rbita;
orobelocatedin the infra-orbitaI
c a n a tC
. a n a L i sn fr a o r b i t a [ r s
Os nasale
I Vomer Os temporale
Os frontale
Os palatinum
m Os zygomaticum
Maxilla
Os sphenoidale
Os ethmoidale Os lacrimale
Cellulaeethmoidales
Crista galli
Sinusfrontalis
Os ethmoidale,Lamina perpendicularis
Os frontale,Parsorbitalis
Fissuraorbitalis
supenor
Ala minor Os temporale,

Parssquamosa
Ala malor,
Faciesorbitalis
Fissuraorbitalis
inferior
Os zygomaticum
Os palatinum
Sinus maxillaris
Vomer Concha nasalis media
Maxilla.Proc alveolaris Concha nasalis inferior
Dens molaris
Cavitasnasi,Meatusnasiinferior
Maxilla,Proc palatinus
Fig.90 Faciatsketeton,Viscerocranium;
f r o n t a Ls e c t i o n .
T o p o g r a p h y| 0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Squama Os parietale
lrontalis,
Facies Suturasphenofrontalis
interna
Parssquamosa
Os temporale,
Alaminor
Ala major, )
FaciesorbitalisI
Os sPhenoidale
- Corpus I
)
Foramina
zygomaticoorbitalia
Sinussphenoidalis
Foramenrotundum
Canalisinfraorbitalis
Canalispterygoideus
Sinusmaxillaris
Proc pterygoideus
Hamuluspterygoideus
Canalispalatinus
major
Alveoli dentales
F i g . 9 1 0 r b i t ,0 r b i t a ;
[ateraIwaIt.
Os frontale Os nasale Maxilla
I Os lacrimale Os palatinum Os temporale
Os sphenoidale Os ethmoidale
I Os zygomaticum
Os frontale
Suturaethmoidolacrimalis
Foramen
ethmoidale
anterius
Laminaorbitalis
Os ethmoidale,
Foramenethmoidaleoosterius
Os nasale Canalisopticus
Proc.orbitalis
Os oalatinum.
Foramen
sphenopalatinum
Maxilla,
Crista lacrimalisanterior
Os sphenoidale,
Corpus
Os lacrimale,
Crista lacrimalis posterior
Sulcusinfraorbitalis
Proc.pterygoideus,
Laminalateralis
Maxilla,Proc.zygomaticus
Hamuluspterygoideus
l\4axilla.Proc alveolaris
F i g . 9 2 O r b i t ,O r b i t a ;
mediaIwatl.
Surface lSkeletonl Muscles
Sphenoidalbone
Cristasphenoidalis
Apertura
sinus Fissuraorbitalis
sphenoidalis supenor
Ala major,
Faciesorbitalis
Ala major,
Faciestemporalis
Cristainfratemporalis
Concha sphenoidalis
Foramenrotundum
Spina ossis sphenoidalis
Facies maxillaris Proc pterygoideus,

Laminalateralis
Proc pterygoideus,Lamina medialis Incisurapterygoidea
Hamuluspterygoideus
F i g . 9 3 S p h e n o i d abto n e 0
, s sphenoida[e;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Sulcuscaroticus Dorsumsellae
Proc clinoideusposterior
Foramen
rotundum
Proc clinoideusanterior
Fissura lvlargo
orbitalis
superior parietalis
Ala major,
Facies
cerebralis
Sulcusarteriosus
Lingulasphenoidalis
Sulcustubaeauditivae
Soina ossis sDhenoidalis

Canalispterygoideus
Corpus Fossascaphoidea
Proc vaginalis Proc pterygoideus,

Laminalateralis
Roskum sphenoidale
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
F i g . 9 4 S p h e n o i d abt o n e ,0 s s p h e n o i d a [ e ;
oosteriorview.
Topogr a p h y
Sphenoidal
and occipitalbone
(Proc clinoideusmedius)
Ala major,Margofrontalis Proc.clinoideusposterior Sulcusorechiasmaticus
Jugumsphenoidale
Proc clinoideus
anterior Tuberculumsellae
Canalis
opticus
Ala major,
Margoparietalis Os sphenoidale,
Ala major
Foramen
rotundum
Fissura
orbitalis
superior
Sella turcica,
Ala major, Fossa hypophysialis
Margosquamosus
Foramen ovale
Foramenspinosum
Sulcuscaroticus
Proc intrajugularis Lingulasphenoidalis
jugularis
lncisura
jugulare
Tuberculum
Proc.jugularis Os occipitale,Parslateralis
Foramenmagnum
Margomastoideus
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Fossa cerebellaris
Sulcussinustransversi
(Cristaoccipitalis
interna) Margo lambdoideus
Eminentia
cruciformis
Protuberantia
occioitalisinterna
F i g .9 5 0 c c i p i t a b
t o n e ,0 s o c c i p i t a l e ,
a n d s p h e n o i d abI o n e ,0 s s p h e n o i d a [ e .
Temporalbone
Margoparietalis
Parssquamosa,
Faclestemporalis
SulcusarteriaetemDoralis
mediae
Foveola suDrameatica
Cristasupramastoidea
Margo sphenoidalis
parietalis
Incisura
(Spinasuprameatica)
Parspetrosa
Foramenmastoideum Proc zygomaticus
Margo occipitalis
Fissuratympanomastoidea
lncisura mastoidea
Proc mastoideus
Parstympanica
F i g .9 6 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a L e .
F i g . 9 7 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a t eo, f a n e o n a t e .
To p o g r a p h y| 0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Margoparietalis
Parssouamosa.
Faciescerebralis
Eminentia
arcuata
parietalis
Incisura
Margosuperior
Sulcusarteriosus partispetrosae
Foramenmastoideum
Margo occipitalis
Sulcussinussigmoidei
Aperturacanaliculi
vestibuli
Apexpartispetrosae
Proc intrajugularis
Porusacusticus
internus Proc styloideus
F i g .9 8 T e m p o r a bI o n e ,0 s t e m p o r a t e .
Canaliscaroticus
Apexpartis
petrosae
Proc.zygomaticus
Canaliscaroticus
Tuberculum
articulare Fossulapetrosa
Aoertura canaliculicochleae
Fossamandibularis
Proc intrajugularis
Fissurapetrotympanica
Fossajugularis
Meatusacusticus
externus
Vaginaprocessusstyloidei
Proc styloideus
Foramenstylomastoideum
Proc mastoideus
Incisura
mastoidea Margo occipitalis
Foramen mastoideum
F i g .9 9 T e m p o r a bl o n e ,O s t e m p o r a [ e
> Head M us c tes
Mandible
Proc condylaris Proc coronoideus
Ramus mandibulae
Linea obliqua
Ramus mandibulae
Basis mandibulae
Corpusmandibulae
Tuberculum
mentale
mentalis
Protuberantia
F i g .1 0 0 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u t a
Proc coronoideus
Incisuramandibulae
Ramusmandibulae
(Tuberositas
masseterica)
Angulusmandibulae
Corpusmandibulae
F i g .1 0 1 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u [ a .
lncisuramandibulae
Proc.----l
coronoideus !'
Fovea sublingualis Ramusmandibulae
Foramenmandibulae
Sulcusmylohyoideus
(Tuberositas
pterygoidea)
Angulusmandibulae
Linea mylohyoidea Foveasubmandibularis
F i g . 1 0 2 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u [ a .
T o p o g r a p h y| 0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Collummandibulae
Foramenmandibulae
(Tuberositas
pterygoidea)
Angulusmandibulae
Arcusalveolaris,:,
Linea mylohyoidea
Foveasubmandibularis
Foveasublingualis
Spinamentalis Fossadigastrica
F i g . 1 0 3 M a n d i b l . eM, a n d i b u [ a .
Corpusmandibulae
F i g . 1 0 4 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u l . o
a f, a n e t d e r t yi n d i v i d u a l . .
Proc.coronoideus
Ramusmandibulae Corpus
mandibulae Densdeciduus
Proc.condylaris
(Symphysis
mandibulae)
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 0 5 M a n d i b t eM
, andibuLa
o ,f a n e o n a t e .
> Head Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Temporomandibular joint
Proc.zygomaticus
Os temporale,
Capsulaarticularis
Porusacusticus
externus
Articulatio Proc pterygoideus,

temporomandibularis, Laminalateralis
Lig laterale
Proc styloideus
Proc. coronoideus
Proc condylaris
Lig stylomandibulare
Angulusmandibulae;
(Tuberositas
masseterica)
F i g . 1 0 6 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i ot e m o o r o m a n dbiu L a r i s .
Sinussphenoidalis
Cavitas nasi, Choana SDinaossis sohenoidalis
Lig pterygospinale

f Laminalateralis
Proc.pterygoideus
1.
\ Laminamedialis
Proc styloideus
Hamuluspterygoideus Lig sphenomandibulare
Ramus mandibulae
L i n g u l am a n d i b u l a e
Sulcusmylohyoideus
A n g u l um
s andibulae;
(Tuberositas pterygoidea)
Linea mylohyoidea
F i g . 1 0 7 P t e r y g o s p i n o uasn d s p h e n o m a n d i b u LLairg a m e n t s ,
L i g g .p t e r y g o s p i n a [eet s p h e n o m a n d i b u [ a r e .
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Porusacusticusexternus
Os zygomaticum
Collummandibulae
Proc.coronoideus
Capsulaarticularis
F i g . 1 0 8 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u [ a r i s ;
s a g i t t a sl .e c t i o n ;
m o u t ha [ m o s tc l o s e d .
Fossamandibularis,
Faciesarticularis
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Porusacusticusexternus
Os zygomaticum
Collummandibulae
Proc mastoideus
Proc coronoideus
Proc.styloideus
Ramusmandibulae
Capsulaarticularis
F i g . 1 0 9 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u Lj oairn t ,A r t i c u l a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
crniiirl <ontinn.
m o u t ho D e n e d .
joint and masticatory

Temporomandibular muscles
F i g .1 1 0a , b A r t i c u [ adr i s c D, iscua s r t i c u t a r ios f,t h e

t e m p o r o m a n d i b uj ol .ianrt A
, r t i c u t a t ti o
emporomandibutaris.
a S u o e r i ovri e w
b LateraIview
Arcuszygomaticus
A b b .1 1 1 M a s t i c a t om r yu s c t e sM, m .m a s t i c a t o r i i
A r r o w si n d i c a tteh ed i r e c t i oonf m u s c [ e
traction
w h e nc t o s i ntgh e m o u t h .
T o p o g r a p h y| O rg a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Caputmandibulae
F i g . 1 1 2 T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,
A r t i c u t a t i ot e m p o r o m a n d i b u L a r i s .
1 Meatusacusticus
externus 5 Os temporale,
Tuberculum
articulare
2 Proc.condylaris 6 Incisura
mandibulae
3 Discusarticularis 7 Proc coronoideus
4 Ostemporale,Fossa mandibularis
F i g . 1 1 3a , b T e m p o r o m a n d i b u tjaori n t ,A r t i c u t a t i o T h e a r t i c u l a rd i s cs h i f t sf o r w a r dd u r i n go p e n i n go f t h e m o u t h .
temporomandibu[aris;
t o m o g r a p h yl;a t e r a Ip r o j e c t i o n
a f t e r i n j e c t i o no f a c o n t r a s t
m e d i u mi n t ot h e j o i n t c a v i t y[ a r t h r o g r a p h y ) .
a M o u t hc l o s e d
b M o u t ho p e n e d
Head $unface lSkeletonl Muscles
Masticatory
muscles
Arcus
zygomaticus
F i g .1 1 t , M a s s e t e a
r n d t e m p o r a lm u s c [ e ,
M m . m a s s e t e re t t e m D o r a t r s .
Os zygomaticum,
Proc temporalis
major,Cristainfratemporalis
M pterygoideus
lateralis
Tuberculum
articulare
Os temporale,
Proc zygomaticus
Fossamandibularis,
Faciesadicularis
Discusarticularis
Caputmandibulae
Capsulaarticularis
l\4 pterygoideus
medialis
F i g .115 T e m p o r o m a n d i b ujLoai nr t ,A r t i c u t a t rt oe m p o r o m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
m e d i a La n d L a t e r apI t e r y g o i dm u s c L e s ,
M m . p t e r y g o i d emi e d i a t i se t I a t e r a L r s .
Topogr a p h y| 0 r g a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Masticatory
muscles
N opticus0ll
N trochlearis
lvl
N oculomotorius
illll
N trigeminus
[Vl
N abducens [Vl]
A temporalis,
R frontalls
A. carotisinterna
M temporalis
Fossamandibularis
Capsulaarticularis
Discusarticularis
M pterygoideus
lateralis, Caputmandibulae
Caputsuperius
l\4 pterygoideus
lateralis
Caputinferius
Lig. sphenomandibulare
Palatummolle
N lingualis
N alveolarisinferior
pterygoideus
medialis
M masseter
pterygoideus
Hamulus
Angulus mandibulae
M mylohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
M genioglossus
M omohyoideus
M geniohyoideus
Platysma
M thyrohyoideus
l\4 sternohyoideus
F i g , 1 1 6 M a s t i c a t o rm y u s c t e sM, m. masticatorii;
f r o n t a Is e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e t e m p o r o m a n d i b u t jaori n t
a n d h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o nt h r o u q ht h e c a t v a r i a :
oosteriorview.
Masticatory
muscles
Cellulaeethmoidales Septumnasi
N. opticusilll *
V ; 4 , t e m p o r a lai s a a M temporalis
superficialis,
R frontalis
R temporalis*
(vil)
N infraorbitalis
*
Conchanasalis
media
R. zygomaticus*
(vil)
Conchanasalis
inferior
Sinusmaxillaris
a M. masseter,
Parsprofunda
a M. masseter,
parotidea
Glandula Parssuperficialis
accessona
Ductusparotideus Maxilla
a M. buccinator
A facialisa
Densmolarisll
Lingua
Mandibula
Platysma
Glandula
submandularis a M. mylohyoideus
Noduslymphoideus a M digastricus,Venteranterior
submandibularis
F i g . 1 1 7 M a s t i c a t om
r yu s c l e sM, m .m a s t i c a t o r i i ;
f r o n t asI e c t i o n ;
a n t e r i ovr i e w .
To p o g r a p h y| O r g a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Masticatorymuscles
Cartilagoalarismajor
a M orbicularis
oculi
a M. zygomaticusmajor
O M. temporalis
a M masseter,
Parsprofunda
Ramus mandibulae a M. masseter,

Parssuperficialis
N massetericus
e a M pterygoideus
lateralis,
Caputinlerius
N alveolaris&
inlerior a M pterygoideus
lateralis,
N lingualis
, Caputsuperius
A alveolaris O
inferior
a M pterygoldeus
medialis
A. maxillaris
a
Glandula
parotidea
N facialis[Vll] {}
Proc styloideus
V maxillaris
a
V jugularis
internaa
A. vertebralis
a
F i g . 1 1 8 M a s t i c a t o rmy u s c l e sM
, m.masticatorii;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n .
> Head ' ke[*'tmnl Muscles
S u r " i . m u *l S
Facialandmasticatory
muscles
Galea aponeurotica
M procerus
supercilii
M corrugator
M epicranius,
M occipitofrontalis,
Venterfrontalis Lig palpebralemediale
l\il levatorlabii
superioris alaeque
M depressor
supercilii nasl
M, nasalis
M temporoparietalis
M levator
labii superioris
M orbicularis
o c u l iP
, ars
palpebralis
M orbicularis
oculi, Pars M zygomaticus
orbitalis : mtnor
M levator
labii M zygomaticus
supeflons malor
araequenasr
l\il depressor
l\4 zygomaticus
mrnor septi nasi
lvl levator M levator

labiisuperioris angulioris
Glandulaparotidea
M zygomaticus Corpusadiposum
malor buccae
M levator anguli oris Ductusparotideus
M orbicularis
oris,
Parsmarginalis
M risorius
Platysma
Platysma
Foramenmentale
M depressoranguli oris l\4 depressor

angulioris
l\il depressor
labiiinferioris
lvl sternocleidomastoideus
M depressor labii inferioris
Platysma
M mentalis
Fascia ceruicalis.Lamina suDerficialis
l\4 orbicularis
oris,
Parslabialis
, m faciei,
F i g . 1 1 9 F a c i a Im u s c t e s M
and masticatorm v u s c t e sM , m.masticaiorii
T opog r a p h y| Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Facialmuscles
M. auricularis
anterior M epicranius,
M.temporoparietalis
Galeaaponeurotica
M epicranius,M occipitolrontalis,
Venterfrontalis
M. auricularis
supeflor
oculi,Parspalpebralis
M orbicularis
M. depressor
supercilii
M. epicranius,
M procerus M occipito-
frontalis,
Venter
M orbicularis
oculi, occipitalis
Parsorbitalis
M levator labii
supeflofls
alaeque nasi
M nasalis
M, levator M. auricularis
labii posterior
supenons
M semispinalis
capitis
M. zygomaticus
mtnor
M. orbicularis M. sternocleido-
ons mastoideus
M. zygomaticus
maJor M splenius
capitis
Panniculus
adiposus
M orbicularis
oris
M. trapezius
M depressor
labiiinferioris
M. mentalis
M depressor
angulioris
Fascia cervicalis, Lamina superf icialis
Fasciaparotidea
Fig. 120 Facialmusctes,Mm. faciei

muscles
Facialandmasticatorv
Fasciatemporalis,
Laminaprolunda
Arcus
zygomaticus
Galeaaooneurotica
M. epicranius, rontalis,
lV.occipitof
Venterfrontalis
Pericranium
M corrugator
supercilii
f Parspalpebralis;
M. orbicularis Fasciatemporalis,
oculil Parsorbitalis Laminasuperficialis
M. procerus
M depressor M. epicranius,
supercilii M. temporo-
parietalis
Lig. palpebrale
mediale
M epicranius,
M. levator labii M occipito-
superiorisalaeque nasi frontalis,
M levator Venter
labii superioris occipitalis
Articulatio
M nasalis temporo-
mandibularis,
Capsula
articularis,
Lig. laterale
M. zygomaticus Glandula parotidea

mlnor
M levator parotidea
Glandula
angulioris accessona
M. orbicularis Ductusparotideus
ons
M zygomaticus M buccinator
maJor
M. depressor M sternocleidomastoideus
labiiinferioris
M masseter
Corpusadiposum
M mentalis ouccae
M. orbicularis
oris
M. risorius
M depressor submandibularis
Glandula
angulioris
Laminasuoerlicialis
Fasciacervicalis,
M digastricus,Venteranterior
Fig. 121 Facialmusctes,Mm. faciei,and

v u s c l e s ,M m . m a s t i c a t o r i i .
masticatorm
Facialandmasticatorv
muscles
Pericranium
M, temporalis
Galeaaponeurotica
M. epicranius,
M. occipitofrontalis,
Venterfrontalis
Arcuszygomaticus
M corrugatorsupercilii
M. orbicularis
oculi Articulatio
temporomandibularis,
Capsulaarticularis,
M. depressor
supercilii Lig laterale
M. levatorlabiisuperioris
alaequenasi
M. levatorlabiisuDerioris
N. infraorbitalis
M nasalis
M. levator M. epicranius,
angulioris M. occipito-
fronialis,
Venteroccipitalis
Meatus
M. orbicularis
oris acusticusexternus
cartilagineus
Ductusparotideus
M. buccinator Ramus
mandibulae
M. masseter, Proc.styloideus
Parsprofunda
M. orbicularis
oris A. temporalissuperticialis
M mentalis M sternocleidomastoideus
M. depressor
labiiinferioris
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M depressor
angulioris
M. masseter,Parssuoerficialis
M. stylohyoideus V jugularisinterna
Os hyoideum
N. hypoglossus
[Xlll N vagus[X]
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior
A. carotiscommunis
Fig. 122 FaciaImusctes,Mm. faciei,and

masticatorm
y u s c t e sM
, m. masticatorii.
121
256
M us c l es
Arteriesof the head
A temporalis
media A temporalis R parietalis
superficialis,
A temporalis
superficialis,
R frontalis
A. temporalis
superlicialis
A. zygomaticoorbitalis
A. stylomastoidea
Aa temporalesprofundae
anterioret Dosterior
A transversa faciei A occipitalis,

Rr.occipitales
A meningea media
A auricularis
posterior,
R occipitalis
A sphenopalatina
A auricularis
A angularis posleflor
A occipitalis
A, infraorbitalis
A. alveolaris R mastoideus
superiorposterior
R. sternocleidomastoideus
A labialissuperior
A maxillaris
A. palatina A occipitalis
descendens
A palatinaascendens
A buccalis A. facialis
A labialisinterior A carotisexterna
A. carotisinterna
R mentalis
A facialis
Bifurcatio
carotidis
A submentalis
A alveolaris
inferior
A thyroidea
superior A carotiscommunis
Fig.123 ExternaIcarotidartery,
A . c a r o t i se x t e r n a .
Veinsof the head
V. emissariaoarietalis
V temporalis
superficialis
V.diploica
temporalis
posterior
V labialissuperior
Plexuspterygoideus
V maxillaris
V cervicalisprofunda
V pharyngea
V labialisinferior
V retromandibularis
V jugularis
externa
V submentalis V comitansnervi
hypoglossi
V facialis V.jugularis
interna
V thyroideasuperior
F i g . 1 2 4 I n t e r n ajlu g u l a rv e i n ,
V .j u g u L a r i si n t e r n a .
> Head M us c tes
Lymphatics
of the headand the neck
Nodi lymphoideiparotidei
superficiales
Nodi lymphoidei
occipitales
Nodi lymphoidei
mastoidei
Nodilymphoidei
faciales
Nodi lymphoidei
cervicalesprolundi
Nodi lymphoidei
submandibulares
Nodi lvmDhoideicervicales
me0rates
Nodi lymphoidei
cervicales laterales
Fig.125 Lymphnodesand lymphatics

o f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ,N o d iL y m p h o i d e i
c a p i t i se t c e r v i c i s ;
a r r o w si n d i c a t ed r a i n a o ea r e a s .
M sternocleidomastoideus
Glandula parotidea i.e
Nodi lymphoideiparotideiprofundi
1"*t*
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi profundisuperiores
M splenius
capitis
M levator scapulae
Nodilymphoideiretropharyngeales
Nodi lymphoideicervicaleslaterales,
Nodi profundi inferiores
A. carotiscommunis
M scalenusmedius V jugularis
interna
Glandula thyroidea
M scalenusanterior
Nodi lymphoideithyroidei
M trapezius Nodilymphoideicervicales
anteriores,
Nodiorofundiinferiores
V brachioceDhalica dextra
A subclavia
dextra
V subclavia
dextra
F i g . 1 2 6 D e e pL y m p hn o d e so f t h e n e c k ,
N o d it y m p h o i d eci e r v i c a L epsr o f u n d i .
i::Yl
> Head Musctes
it Facialnerve
R temporalis
Rr zygomatici
posterior
N auricularis
Rr buccales
N facialis [Vll]
R m a r g i n a l i sm a n d i b u l a r i s
Fig. 127 FaciaInerve,N. faciatis[Vll]
F i g . 1 2 8a , b P a t s yo f t h e l e f t f a c i a Ln e r v e ,
N . f a c i a t i s[ V l l ] .
a T h e c o n c e r n e de y ec a n n o tb e c l o s e du p o n
r e qu e s t It ag o ph t h aL m us ) .
b T h e t e e t ho f t h e c o n c e r n e ds i d ec a n n o tb e
S n o w nu 0 0 nr e o u e s t
To p o g r a p h y| O rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Cutaneous
innervation
N frontalis
N ophthalmicus
N supraorbitalis
lv/11
Ganglion trigeminale N supratrochlearis
Ganglion ciliare
N maxillaris
lvt2l
N. infraorbitalis
N mandibularis
lv/31 Foramen
infraorbitale
N temporalis
profundus
N palatinusmajor
N auriculotemporalis
N buccalis
N alveolaris
interior
N lingualis
N mylohyoideus N mentalis
Ganglion
submandibulare
Fig. 129 Trigeminalnerve,

N . t r i g e m i n u s[ V J .
N ophthalmicus
[V/'1]
F i g . 1 3 0 C u t a n e o u si n n e r v a t i o o
nf t h e h e a d
a n dt h e n e c k
> Head Surface lSketetonl Musctes
Vesselsandnervesof the headand the neck
M occipitofrontalis
& M epicranius,
& N supraorbitalis
oculi
s M, orbicularis
A temporalis
supedlcialis,
o
R parietalis
lvl temporalis*
auriculotemporalis O A angularis
(v/3)
Rr temporales
(vll)
parotidea
Glandula Ductus
parotideus
N occipitalisminor,
(Plexus cervicalis) !, R buccalis
(vil)
& M masseter
V jugularis
externaa
M levatorscapulae*
,; R marginalis
mandibularis
(vil)
magnus,,,
N auricularis
(Plexuscervicalis)
N accessorius',
txtl Platysma
M trapezius
s
't32
25r+
1.
F i g . 1 3 1 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k :
s u o e r f i c i al[a t e r a Ir e o i o n s
andnervesof theheadandthe
Vessels
A temporalis
superficialis
a
(V/1)
& N supraorbitalis
a A supraorbitalis
auriculotemporalis
',
(v/3)
* N. supratrochlearis
Nn)
N occipitalismajor I {t N infra-
orbitalis
(v/2t
Plexusintraparotideus&
(vil)
minor ,
N occipitalis
* N mentalis
(v/3)
L4 spleniuscapitiss
a A facialis
magnus,.*
N auricularis a V facialis
? R , c o l l i( V l l )
[Xll ,,
N accessorius
V jugularis
externaa
6 N transversus
colli
Nn supraclaviculares
i M sternocleidomastoideus
M trapezius
o
o V transversa
colli
133
256
Fig.132 Vessetsand nerveso f t h e h e a da n d t h e n e c k ;

d e e pl a t e r a Ir e g i o n s .
131
> Head M us c l es
iil Lateralregionof theface
V,temporalis
mediaa
a A temporalis R.frontalis
superficialis,
A temporalis
supedicialis,
a s N suoraorbitalis,R
lateralis
R parietalis
&,N zygomaticus,
R zygomaticotemporalis
{e N supraorbitalis,
B lateralis
a A supratrochlearis
{,}N supraorbitalis,
R medialis
& N zygomaticus,
R zygomatico-
facialis
I N supratrochlearis
* N infratrochlearis
{, N ethmoidalis
antenor,
R nasalis
EXTETNUS
a A angularis
A occipitalisa
s N infra-
N auricularis.t orbitalis
posterior
posterior
A auricularis a
* N massetericus
a A facialis
N occipitalisminor ,
s M buccinator
M trapezius0
a A buccalis
l\4 sternocleidomastoideus*
$ N buccalis
A occipitalisa
* M orbicularis
oris
(Vll)r,
R digastricus
V retromandibularis ,* N mentalis
o
(Vll),,
R stylohyoideus * N alveolarisinferior
A carotisinlernaa a A alveolarisinferior
A carotis externa O a A facialis
A lingualisO a V submentalis
V retromandibularis
o a V facialis
13Il
F i g , 1 3 3 V e s s e Lasn d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
d e e o[ a t e r a Lr e o i o n s
Maxillaryartery
t N massetericus profunda
a A temporalis Posterior;
A temporalismedia O a A masseterica , N temporalis
orofundus
A temporalis
superficialis,
a * l\4.pterygoideus
lateralis
R parietalis
R lateralis
s N suoraorbitalis,
A zygomatico-a
orbitalis B medialis
$ N supraorbitalis,
O A supratrochlearis
A transversaa 1' N supratrochlearis

taciei
a A angularis
Meatusacusticus
externus
& N. infratrochlearis
N meatusacusticii.
externi a A infraorbitalis
N vagus [X], ' s N ethmoidalis

R auricularis B nasalis
anterior,
N auriculotemporalis..
e)dernus
N facialis [Vll]
s N infraorbitalis
A stylomastoideaa
A auricularisposteriora
g Rr alveolares
A auricularisprofundaO supenores
posteriores
A tympanicaanteriora
A.alveolaris
a Rr.dentates; I
A occipitalis
a . Br.peridentares
lilliJlid,
A maxillaris
a & N buccalis
A meningea media a
a A buccalis
A carolisexlernaa
o A facialis
M masseter*
f N mentalis
N l i n g u a l i si a R mentalis
a ,, A ; N alveolarisinferior
N mylohyoideus.
*M pterygoideusmedialis
N mylohyoideus a A submentalis a A tacialis
F i g . 1 3 1 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
dccncr lateral rcni6lg.
A temporalis
superficialis A meningea media
Discus
articularis M pterygoideuslateralis
Proc
condylaris Proc
coronoideus
A auricularis
posterior N alveolarisinferior
A maxillaris
A occipitalis N lingualis
alveolaris
inferior
A carotis
externa a 60 % b 3% c 3o/o
F i g . 1 3 5a - c V a r i a t i o n o
sf the middLe T h e m i d d l . em e n i n g e aaI r t e r y ,A m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f p r o x i m a L t o the
m e n i n g e aaI r t e r y ,A . m e n i n g e am e d i a r r t e r y ,A a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
i n f e r i o ra l v e o t a a
T h e m i d d L em e n i n g e a L a r t e rA y ,. m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f a c r o s sf r o m t h e i n f e r i o r
a t v e o [ aar r t e r y ,A . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m i d d t em e n i n g e a L a r t e rA y ,. m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f d i s t a I t ot h e i n f e r i o r
atveotarartery,A. alveo[arisinferior.
> Head Surface lSketetonl Muscles
"rilt Lateralregionof theface
.4.N. auriculotemporalis
A temporalis
superficialis,
O
R parietalis a A temporalis
media
profunda
a A temporalis posterior
meatus, 1 N temooralis
orofundus
acustici
externl : N mandibularis[V/3]
, o N ; M pterygoideus
lateralis
o A maxillaris
, N infraorbitalis
R auricularis
(X)
a A infraorbitalis
A;N auriculariso:
posterior
a A sphenopalatina
,,, N supratrochlearis
A temporalis
o
supedicialis , Rr.alveolares superiores
posteriores
N facialis[Vll],; -, N, infratrochlearis
N auriculo-,
temporalis a A angularis
R digastricusi
A occipitalisa
& N inlra-
orbitalis
meningea media a)
A maxillaris
a
i*, N massetericus
Chordatympani
,. N buccalis
A alveolaris
inferioro
a A buccalis
N hypoglossus
[Xll] .i N alveolarisinferior
A l i n g u a l i sO
A palatinaascendens a
, N lingualis
N vagus[X] , Mandibula
Ansa cervicalis ,
A carotiscommunis
a
Glandula sublingualis
A facialiso
a A sublingualis
N hypoglossus
[Xll] ;
G a n g l i osnu b m a n d i b u l a r e , , , N hypoglossus[Xll]
N mylohyoideus
i a A submentalis
I
l!
F i g . 1 3 6 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ,
ril
d e e p e s [t a t e r a Lr e g i o n s
131+ V
1 3 8 256
60k 3 o/o 4Yo 18%
a b c d
F i g . 1 3 7a - d V a r i a t i o n isn t h e c o u r s e T h e m a x i L [ a r y a r t e r ym , Aa x i L t a r i s , p a s s e s m e d i a t l y t o t h e l a t e r a t p t e r y g o i d m u s c [ e ,
o f t h e m a x i t l a r ya r t e r y ,A . m a x i t t a r i s . M . p t e r y g o i d e uLsa t e r a I i st h, e I i n g u a In e r v e ,N L i n g u a L iasn, d t h e i n f e r i o ra t v e o L a r
n e r v e ,N . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m a x i t L a rayr t e r y ,A . m a x i t L a r i sp,a s s e sb e t w e e nt h e L i n g u anLe r v e ,N . l i n g u a t i s ,
a n d t h e i n f e r i o ra t v e o [ a nr e r v e ,N . a l v e o L a r i sn f e r i o r .
T h e m a x i [ L a rayr t e r y ,A . m a x i [ L a r i sp,a s s e st h r o u g ha L o o pf o r m e db y t h e i n f e r i o r
a t v e o t a nr e r v e ,N . a L v e o L a ri insf e r i o r .
T h e m i d d L em e n i n g e aaLr t e r y ,A . m e n i n g e am e d i a ,b r a n c h e so f f d i s t a Lt o t h e
i n f e r i o ra t v e o [ aar r t e r y ,A a l v e o t a r i isn f e r i o r .
Topography | 0rganareas I Sections
Bamusmandibulae
N. massetericus;A.
masseterica
o a a Plexuspterygoideus
media
a V temporalis
A temporalis
superlicialis,
a
R parietalis
N. auriculo-
a
temporalis
R lateralis
a N. suDraorbitalis,
V temporalisa
media
A. temporalisa
meota a N. suDraorbitalis,
R. medialis
N auriculo-o
temporalis o N. suoratrochlearis
V temporalisa O A. angularis
superficialis
a N. infratrochlearis
Meatus
acusticus o A. dorsalisnasi
exlernus
R auricularis
o a A facialis
(x)
N auricularis
a
posterior a N. infraorbilalis
N.facialisa
tvill
A temporalis a o N. buccalis
supedicialis
A auricularis
a
posterior O V orofundafaciei
A. maxillaris
O
V maxillaris
a
A carotisexternaa
a A. buccalis
V retromandi-O
bularis
spnenomanaioutLalrge a V tacialis
N :A alveolaris
inferiora a
a N. mentalis
N.linguala
is
A carotisinternaa
o Plexusdentalisinferior
A carotis€xternaa
A. lingualis
a
o A. tacialis
V retromandibularis
a
a N. mylohyoideus
V facialiso
o V submentalis
136
F i g . 1 3 8 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e h e a d ;
d e e p e rt a t e r a Ir e g i o n s .
Surface lSkeletonl Musctes
Mouth/0ratcavity
Skeletonof thenose
Os nasale
(Cartilago
nasi lateralis)
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Cruslaterale
Cartilagines
nasl
accessonae
Cartilago
septi nasi
Cartilago
alarismajor,
Crusmediale
Cartilagoseptinasi Ala nasi
F i g . 1 3 9 S k e t e t o no f t h e n o s e . , rtitag ines
F i g . 1 1 0 N a s a I c a r t i [ a g e sCa
nast.
Suturafrontonasalis
Suturafrontomaxillaris
Maxilla,Proc frontalis
Cartilago
Cartilagines alarismajor,
ataresmtnores Cruslaterale
Cartilago
Cartilagoseptinasi alarismajor,
Crusmediale
Fig.1t1 S k e t e t o no f t h e n o s e .
To p o g r a p h y
S a t i v a r y g t a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
Nasalseptum
Laminaet Foramina
cribrosa
Sinussphenoidalis
Os ethmoidale,
Cartilagoseptinasi
septinasi,
Cartilago
Proc.posterior
Cartilagoalaris major,
Crus mediale
Spinanasalisanterior
Fossa pterygoidea
Hamuluspterygoideus
Suturapalatina
transversa
(Suturavomeromaxillaris)
F i g . 1 1 2 N a s a Is e p t u m ,S e p t u mn a s i
Os ethmoidale,
Lamina perpendicularis
Plexuscavernosus
Cartilagoseptinasi Meatus nasi inferior
Concha nasalis inlerior
Glandulae nasales
Maxilla, Proc palatinus,

Crista nasalis
, o n c h an a s a L i isn f e r t o r .
F i g . 1 1 3 I n f e r i o rn a s a Ic o n c h a C
Musctes
Mouth/0raIcavity
Sinusfrontalis
Nn.olfactoriiill
Bulbusolfactorius
Conchanasalismedia
SinussDhenoidalis
Conchanasalisinferior
Limennasi
Tonsillapharyngea
Vestibulumnasi
Fig. 144 LateralwaLtof the nasaIcavity,Cavitasnasi.
Sinustrontalis
Os frontale
Conchanasalissuoerior
Conchanasalismedia
Cellulae
ethmoidales
posteriores
Os nasale
Sinus
sphenoidalis
Tonsilla
pharyngea
Palatummolle
Palatumdurumr N. nasooalatinus
Openings of: F i g . 1 4 5 N a s a Ic a v i t yC , a v i t a sn a s i ,a n d o p e n i n g s
1 Sinustrontalis
2 Ductusnasolacrimalis o f t h e p a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
, i n u sp a r a n a s a l e s .
3 Cellulaeethmoidalesanteriores
4 Sinusmaxillaris
5 CellulaeethmoidalesDosteriores
6 Sinussohenoidalis
Topography
Sativarygtands Topography
Paranasal
sinuses
Fig.116 Projectionof the paranasaIsinuses,Sinus paranasates.
Sinusfrontalis
Sinusmaxillaris
Fig,1t7 o f t h e p a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
Projection , i n u sp a r a n a s a t e s .
,']
M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavity
Paranasalsinuses
nasisuperior
lvleatus
Sinusfrontalis
lvleatus
nasimedius
Cellulaeethmoidales
Hiatussemilunaris
Sinusmaxillaris Conchanasalismedia
Meatusnasiinferior
Septumnasi
, i n u sp a r a n a s a t e s .
F i g , 1 4 8 P a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
20Y
12Y
Sinusfrontalis 8. Y
Os ethmoidale
Septum nasi
Orbita,Pariesinferior
Conchanasalismedia
I
lvleatusnasiinferior G
\
Sinusmaxillaris
20Y
Maxilla,Proc palatinus
>60 Y
l\4axilla
F i g . 1 1 9 D e v e t o p m e notf t h e m a x i L t a rayn d f r o n t a Is i n u s e s .
Y - vear of Life
ParanasaI si nuses,radiography
Sinusfrontales
Cellulaeethmoidales
anteriores
Orbita
Os zygomaticum,
Proc trontalis Suturaf rontozygomatica
Forameninfraorbitale
Cavitasnasi
Sinusmaxillaris Cellulae
ethmoidales
oosteriores
Arcuszygomaticus Sinusmaxillaris
Proc. condylaris
Margosuperiorpartispetrosae
Proc.coronoideus
Sinussphenoidalis
Lrngua
, i n u sp a r a n a s a l e s ;
F i g .1 5 0 P a r a n a s asI i n u s e s S
PA-radiograph.
> Head M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavitl
0ral cavity
Proc pterygoideus,
Laminamedialis
M tensor veli palatini
Hamuluspterygoideus
Raphepterygomandibularis M levatorveli Tonsillapharyngea
palatini
M pterygoideuslateralis
Lig spheno-
mandibulare
Palatumdurum
M pterygoideus
medialis
M orbicularis
oris
Glandulae
labiales Ramusmandibulae
Proc styloideus
M buccinator M styloglossus
M stylopharyngeus
Lig stylohyoideum
M stylohyoideus
l\ilandibula
M longuscapitis
M genioglossus M digastricus
Os hyoideum,
M mylohyoideus Cornumajus
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
M geniohyoideus
( corpu. / M, hyoglossus
I
Os hvoideum
_ l 1 N4thyrohyoideus
u o r n um r n u s
I
M sternocleidomastoideus
F i g . 1 5 1 0 r a L c a v i t yC, a v i t a so r i s
Palatum durum
Palatum molle
Arcuspalatoglossus
Tonsillapalatina Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Uvula palatina
Dorsumlinguae
Labium inferius
Fig. 152 0raI cavity,Cavitasoris.

Topography
S a t i v a r y g [ a n d sT o p o g r a p h y
Dentalarcade
Dentesincisivi
Maxilla, Proc palatinus Denscaninus
Sutura palatina mediana Dentespremolares
Sutura palatomaxillaris
Maxilla,Proc alveolaris Dentesmolares
Foramenpalatinum
malus
Sulcus palatinus
malor
Ospalatinum,
Proc pyramidalis Foramina palatina minora
Choana Laminahorizontalis
Os oalatinum.
F i g . 1 5 3 U p p e rd e n t a La r c a d e A
, r c u sd e n t a t i ss u p e r i o r ,
a n d b o n yp a t a t e P
, a t a t u mo s s e u m .
Foramen mandibulae
oral * vestibular
Dens molaris lll [serotinus]
Tunicamucosaoris,Gingiva
DensmolarisI
Denspremolaris
ll
Foramen mentale
Denspremolaris
I
Denscaninus
Densincisivus
lateralis Dens incisivusmedialis
F i g , 1 5 4 L o w e rd e n t a Ia r c a d e A , r c u sd e n t a l i si n f e r i o r
+ I n t h em a n d i b loer a Ii s s y n o n y m ow u si t hL i n g u aatn, di n t h e
m a x i t l iat i s s y n o n y m owu ist hp a t a t i n a t
M us c tes
Mouth/0raIcavitl
vestlbular
Enamelum
Corona Corona
dentis clinica
Dentinum
Cervix
dentis
Margo gingivalis
Radix
clinica
Radix Cementum
dentis
Periodontium
IDesmodontium]
Canalisradicis
dentis:
Pulparadicularis
Foramen
apicis
dentis Apex radicisdentis
F i g . 1 5 5 I n c i s o rt o o t h ,D e n si n c i s i v u s .
+mesial +mesial
dlstal
Cuspisdentis
Apexcuspidis
\
1Fu.i".
(Facies "ont".tr"1;
Faciesdistalis
contactus); Cuspisdentis
Faciesmesialis
Cuspisdentis
Tuberculum
dentis
II
' Facies lingualis
F i g .1 5 6 P e r m a n e n L t o w e cr a n i n et o o t h , F i g ,1 5 8 P e r m a n e n u t p p e rf i r s t m o l a r t o o t h ,
D e n sc a n i n u sp e r m a n e n s . D e n sm o L a r i sp r i m u s .
F i g . 1 5 7 D e c i d u o u s e c o n dm o [ a rt o o t h ,
D e n sm o t a r i sd e c i d u u s
To p o g r a p h y
Dens Dens Dens

Dentesincisivi cantnus molarisI molarisll
Dentesincisivi Dens Dens Dens

cantnus molarisI molarisll
F i g . 1 5 9 D e c i d u o u tse e t h ,D e n t e sd e c i d u io, f a 3 - y e a r - o l .cdh i L d ;

v e s t i b u [ avr i e w .
Maxitta
r i gh t
55 54 53 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 , . .LEI L
72 73 74 75
MandibLe
Dens Dens Dens Dens

incisivuslateralis
caninus molarisI molarisll
Dens Dens Dens Dens

incisivus
lateralis caninus molarisI molarisll
F i g . 1 6 0 D e c i d u o u tse e t h ,D e n t e sd e c i d u i o, f a 2 - y e a r - o l dc h i t d ;
top row viewedfrom vestiburar;
bottom row viewedobLiquel,y from inferior.
8 7 6 54321
F i g .1 6 1 P e r m a n e n , e n t ep
t et e t h D sermanentes;
oratview.
I S e eo .9 7f o r i d e n t i cf a t i o on f t h en u m b e r s . l
Adutd
t entition
8 7 5 4 321
F i g . 1 6 2 P e r m a n e n t e e t h ,D e n t e sp e r m a n e n tes;
distaIview.
l S e ep . 9 7 f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i oonf t h e n u m b e r s . )
Sativarygl.ands Topography
123 45 6 7 8
, e n t ep
F i g . 1 6 3P e r m a n e nt et e t hD sermanentes;
vestibular vtew.
1 D e n si n c i s i v u sI 5 D e n sp r e m o t a r li ls
2 D e n si n c i s i v u sl l 6 D e n sm o t a r i sI
3 D e n sc a n i n u s 7 D e n sm o l a r i sl l
4 D e n sp r e m o t a r i sI I D e n sm o [ a r i sl l l
Iseroti nus]
123 4 5 o 7 8
F i g . 1 6 1 P e r m a n e ntte e t h ,D e n t e sp e r m a n e n t e s ;
mesiaIview.
F i g . 1 6 5 M a x i l . t aM, a x i t L aw, i t h d e c i d u o u st e e t h ,
D e n t e sd e c i d u ia, n d t h e f i r s t p e r m a n e n t o o t h ;
L e f t : m e d i a nt i m e o f e r u p t i o ni n m o n t h sI M l ;
r i g h t :o r d e ro f e r u p t i o n .
9 -13
9-12 Y
1 0 . - 1 3Y.
18-40 Y
Fig.165 MaxiLta, Maxitl.a, with permanentteeth,Dentes

p e r m an e n t e s ;
l e f t : m e d i a nt i m e o f e r u p t i o ni n y e a r s[ Y l ;
r i g h t :o r d e ro f e r u p t i o n .
T o p o g r a p h y| Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
Denscaninus(deciduus) Canalismandibulae
Dentesmolares(decidui)
Dentesmolares(decidui) Densmolaris(permanens)
ll
Densmolaris(permanens)
|
Dentespremolares
(permanentes)
Denscaninus(permanens)
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 6 7 M a x i L t aM, a x i t t aa, n d m a n d i b t eM
, andibuta,
o f a 5 - y e a r - o [ dc h i t d ;
d e c i d u o u tse e t ha n d a n t a g eo f p e r m a n e n t e e t h .
tl
Densmolarislll lserotinus]
Dentespremolares
Denscaninus
Densmolarislll [serotinus]
Densmolarisll
DentesDremolares.
Radices
DensmolarisI
Foramenmentale
F i g . 1 6 8 M a x i [ [ aM
, a x i L l aa,n d m a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u [ a ,
of a 20-year-otd ma[e.
> Head Sunface lSketetmnl Musel*s
Mouth/0ratcavity
Teeth,radiography
Arcuszygomaticus Canalis infraorbitalis Palatum

durum Septumnasi Tuberculum
articulare
lvleatus
acusticus
exlernus
Sinus maxillaris
Proc condylaris
Palatum molle
[Velum palatinum] Densmolarisll
Canalis mandibulae
Os hyoideum
Dens caninus
Foramen mentale Dens Dens Dens Dens Dens

i n c i s i v ul ls incisivus
i premolaris
I premolaris
ll molarisI
F i g .1 6 9 M a x i t L aM, a x i I L a ,n d m a n d i b L e
M, a n d i b u L a ;
p a n o r a m i rca d i o g r a p h ;
w i t h o u tw i s d o mt e e t h .
T opog r a p h y| Org a na re a s I S e cti o ns
lnnervation teeth
N ophthalmicus[V/1] Nn alveolares
superiores
N trigeminus
[V]
Ganglion
trigeminale
N mandibularis
[V/31
N infraorbitalis
N lingualis
N alveolarisinferior
N mentalis
Plexus dentalis inferior
F i g . 1 7 0 M a x i t l a r ya n d m a n d i b u t a nr e r v e ,
N n . m a x i t t a r i s[ V / 2 ]e t m a n d i b u t a r i [sV / 3 ]
Ganglion trigeminale N trigeminus

[V]
N petrosus
prolundus Radix motoria
[Radixsympathica]
N mandibularis
[V/3]
M tensortympani
N .o p h
N petrosusminor
z N.m Rr.ganglionares
N petrosus
majorlRadixparasympathica] IBadixsensorial
/N.
Ganglion geniculi
N intermedius N, infraorbitalis
Tubaauditiva
R alveolaris
superior anterior
Sinusmaxillaris
N facialis
lvill
Cellulae mastoideae
N. infraorbitalis
Cavitastympani
N, tympanicus
Foramen
stylomastoideum
N vagus[X]
N glossopharyngeuslXl
N caroticus
internus
A carotisinterna Rr alveolares
superioresanteriores,
N canalis pterygoidei Plexusdentalissuperior
pterygopalatinum
Ganglion Rr alveolares
suoeriores
medii
Fl alveolaris
suoeriormedius
Br alveoleressuDeriores
oosteriores
F i g .1 7 1 P t e r y g o p a l a tgi naen g L i oG
na, n g t i opnt e r y g o p a L a t i n u m
Mouth/Oratcavity
F i g . 1 7 2 H a r da n ds o f tp a L a t e , (medialis)
Densincisivus
Patatum d u r u me t m o t t e ; Densincisivus
(lateralis)
i n f e r i ovr i e w . Papilla incisiva
Denscaninus
Denspremolaris
I Plicae palatinae
Iransversae
Denspremolaris
ll
DensmolarisI
Palatumdurum
Densmolarisll
Densmolarislll Raphe palati

[serotinus]
Palatummolle
lvelum
palatinuml
Arcus
palatoglossus
N nasopalatinus Arcuspalatopharyngeus
Uvulapalatina
Palatum Rr alveolares
durum posteriores
superiores
nf the patate,
F i g . 1 7 3 S e n s i b l ei n n e r v a t i o o
P a L a t u ma,n d m a x i l t a M , axitta.
n r e i n d i c a t e doy
O v e r l a p p i nagr e a so f i n n e r v a t i o a
t r a n s i t i o no f c o l o u r s .
Nn palatini
Palatum
moile
Raphe palati
Glandulae palatinae
a A. palatinamajor
a N. palatinus
maior
Hamuluspterygoideus Foramenpalatinum
majus
Hamuluspterygoideus
M uvulaea
a M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
Arcuspalatopharyngeus
a M buccinator
Arcuspalatoglossus
Raphepterygomandibularis
palatina
Tonsilla a M. palatoglossus
e N lingualis
lsthmusfaucium
pharyngis
a M. constrictor superior,
Parsglossopharyngea
Dorsumlinguae
a M. palatopharyngeus
Fig. 171 Ora[ cavity,Cavitasoris, and
sf the patateM
m u s c L eo , m. palati.
Topography
Plica glossoepiglottica mediana

Plica glossoepiglottica Iateralis
Tonsilla
lingualis;
Cryptaetonsillares
Radix linguae
Foramen
caecumlinguae
M. palatopharyngeus
Sulcusterminalis
linguae
Tonsillapalatina
Fossulae
tonsillares, M palatoglossus
Cryptaetonsillares
Dorsumlinguae, (Plicatriangularis)
Parsposterior
Arcuspalatoglossus
Papillae vallatae
Papillaefoliatae (Papillaeconicae)
Dorsumlinguae,
Papillae
fungiformes Parsanterior
Margolinguae
Papillaefiliformes
Corpuslinguae
Sulcusmedianus
linguae
Apexlinguae
F i g . 1 7 5 T o n g u eL, i n g u a .
N. glossopharyngeus
lXl
Bitter
Sour
I Salty
I Sweel
F i g . 1 7 6 I n n e r v a t i oann dt a s t ec a t e g o r i east t h e
d o r s u mo f t h et o n o u e .
Labiumsuperius Palatummolle
lvelumpalatinuml
Vestibulum
ofls Fossasupratonsillaris
Maxilla
Dorsum
linguae
Labiuminferius Tonsillapalatina
Vestibulum Arcus
ons palatopharyngeus
Papillafoliata Arcuspalaloglossus
Cavitasoris propria Foramen
caecumlinguae
Papillae vallatae Tonsillalingualis
Fig.177 0raI cavity,Cavitas

oris.
Mouth/Oralcavity
of the
M. longitudinalis
superior linguae
M transversus
Aponeurosis
linguae
Septumlinguae
Tunicamucosalinguae
caecumlinguae
Foramen
Radix linguae
Os hyoideum
Mandibula
Cartilago epiglotlica
Aditus laryngis
M. genioglossus laryngis
Venviculus
M. mylohyoideus
M geniohyoideus
Cartilagothyroidea
F i g . 1 7 8 T o n g u eL i,n g u a a, n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e ;
median section.
linguae
Aponeurosis
linguae
M. vansversus
Septum
ilnguae
Glandulalingualis Plica fimbriata
Faciesinferiorlinguae
Frenulum
linguae
F i g . 1 7 9 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a , n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e ;
c r o s s - s e c t i otnh r o u g ht h e t i p o f t h e t o n g u e .
M verticalislinguae M longitudinalissuperior
M transversus
linguae
M longitudinalisinferior
Mm.genioglossus
F i g . 1 8 0 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a , n d m u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . [ i n g u a e ;
c r o s s - s e c t i oant t h e [ e v e [o f t h e m i d d t eo f t h e t o n o u e .
To pogr a p h y
Hyoidboneand infra- and suprahyoidmuscles
Cornuminus
F i g . 1 8 1 H y o i db o n e ,0 s h y o i d e u m . Fig.182 Hyoidbone,0s hyoideum.
Proc.styloideus
M mylohyoideus
M. digastricus,Venterposterior
M geniohyoideus
M thyrohyoideus
Os hyoideum
M. omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
M. sternohyoideus
M sternothyroideus
M omohyoideus,
Venterinterior
F i g . 1 8 3 M u s c u t a rs u s p e n s i o n
o f t h e h y o i db o n e
> Head
Mouth/0ratcavitl
Suprahyoid
muscles
Protuberantia
mentalis
Alveolusdentalis
m o l a r ilsl l
(Densextractus)
Foramen mentale
(Raphe mylohyoidea)
Tuberculum
mentale
venteranterior;
M dioastricus
- {
lventerposterior
Lig stylohyoideum
M stylohyoideus
(Ansatendinis)
l\4 digastricus,
Tendointermedius
l\4 digastricus,
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
F i g .1 8 4 M a n d i b t eM, a n d i b u t aa ,n d s u p r a h y o im
duscles,
Mm.suorahvoidei
Spinamentalis
superior
M genioglossus
l\4 mylohyoideus
N4geniohyoideus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus
Foramen
mandibulae
Ramus
Os hyoideum, mandibulae
Cornumajus Os hyoideum,
Corpus
musctes,
F i g . 1 8 5 M a n d i b L eM, a n d i b u L as ;u p r a h y o i d
M m . s u p r a h y o i d ea in, d h y o i db o n e , 0 sh y o i d e u m
Topography
Sativarygl.ands Topography
Dorsumlinguae Papillae foliatae

Corpuslinguae Papillavallata
Radix linguae
M palatoglossus
M. styloglossus
M stylopharyngeus
Mandibula
M longitudinalis
inferior
M. constrictorpharyngismedius
M genioglossus
M geniohyoideus
M. hyoglossus Cornumajus
Os hyoideum,
Os hyoideum,
Corpus
Membrana thyrohyoidea
M thyrohyoideus
F i g . 1 8 6 T o n g u eL ,i n g u aa,n dmusclesof the

t o n g u eM, m .l i n g u a e .
Tunicamucosaoris M. hyoglossus
M. palatoglossus
M. styloglossus
M. stylopharyngeus
M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea
Mandibula
M constrictorpharyngismedius,
M longitudinalisinferior Parsceratopharyngea
M geniohyoideus
M. genioglossus
M. geniohyoideus
M chondroglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornuminus M. hyoglossus
, n d m u s c t e so f t h e
F i g . 1 8 7 T o n g u eL, i n g u a a
t o n g u eM , m .[ i n g u a e .
> Head M us c tes
Mouth/0ratcavit'
Musclesof thetongueand thepharynx
Apexlinguae linguae
Frenulum
Facies inferiorlinguae, Plica fimbriata
M genioglossus Tunicamucosaoris
M. longitudinalis
interior
Septumlinguae
M. genioglossus
M. palatoglossus
M. hyoglossus
M. styloglossus
M. constrictorpharyngissuperior,
Parsglossopharyngea M. hyoglossus
M chondroglossus
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
pharyngis
M. constrictor medius,
Parschondropharyngea
M hyoglossus M sternohyoideus
M. geniohyoideus
F i g . 1 8 8 M u s c l e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . l i n g u a e .
M styloglossus Proc.styloideus
M. palatoglossus
palatina
Tonsilla
M longitudinalisinlerior
Lig.stylohyoideum
M. stylopharyngeus
M. constrictor suoerior.
oharvnqis
Parsglossopharynaei
pharyngis
M. constrictor medius,
M. constrictorpharyngismedius,
Parsceratopharyngea
M. geniohyoideus
Os hyoideum, Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Cornuminus
Membranathyrohyoidea A.; V. laryngea
superior;
N. laryngeus superior
M. thyrohyoideus
M. constrictorpharyngisinferior,
Parsthyropharyngea
Cartilagothyroidea
F i g . 1 8 9 M u s c t e so f t h e t o n g u e ,M m . [ i n g u a ea, n d
musctesof the pharynx,Tunicamuscutarispharyngis.
Topogr a p h y
Salivarygtands Topography
Fascia masseterica
Ductusparotideus
M buccinator
parotidea
Glandula
accessofla
buccae
Corpusadiposum
M masseter
M risorius
Fascia parotidea M depressor

angulioris
Platysma
l\4.sternocleidomastoideus: Os hyoideum Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suDerficialis
Fasciacervicaiis.
Laminasuoerf
icialis
v;A lacialis F i g . 1 9 0 P a r o t i dg t a n d ,G t a n d u [ ap a r o t i d e a .
Cavitas nasi
Plexuscavernosus
a
Cartilagonasilateralis
M orbicularis
oculia
Sinusmaxillaris
l\/axilla
lV temporalis
a
Proc coronoideus
M pterygoideus
lateralisa
a A carotisinterna
N lingualis*
N alveolarisinferior&
Proc condylaris Proc.styloideus

temporalis
superficialis
a
A temporalis
superficialis
a
Cartilago
auriculae a A vertebralis
parotidea
Glandula
F i g . 1 9 1 P a r o t i dg L a n dG, t a n d u t ap a r o t i d e aa, n d
A. alveolaris
inleriorO m a s t i c a t o rm y usclesM , m. masticatorii;
h o r i z o n t asI e c t i o n ;
Proc mastoideus a A occipitalis i n f e r i o rv i e w .
> Head M us c l es
Mouth/0ratcavitr
jqt gland
Submandibular
A ; V f a c i a l ios a Nodilymphoidei
submandibulares
Glandula parotidea
* N facialis[Vll], R colli
o V jugularis
externa
c M digastricus,
Venterposterior
$ N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Platysma
* c l\/ stylohyoideus
M digastricus,
Venteranterior€ a V thyroidea
superior
o A. thyroidea
superior
Fascia cervicalis.Lamina suoerficialis
pharyngis
t M constrictor inferiol
M mylohyoideus
t
o lvl thyrohyoideus
A submentalis
a
s M omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
Glandula
submandibularis
t M sternohyoideus
F i g . 1 9 2 S u b m a n d i b u t agrt a n d ,G [ a n d u t as u b m a n d i b u [ a r i s .
A:Vsubmentalisaa * M pterygoideusmedialis
A ; V f a c i a l ias a Ductusparotideus
Platysma
a N , l i n g u a l i s, Glandulaparotidea
accessoria
c M masseter;
M, mylohyoideus6 Fasciamasseterica
Glandula
sublingualis parotidea
Glandula
l\/ digastricus,*
Venteranterior Noduslymphoideus
submandibularis
Fasciacervicalis,
Laminasuperficialis
genioglossusO
a V retromandibularis
V s u b l i n g u a ol i s
o M digastricus,
A. lingualis
a Venterposterior
Ganglion *
submandibulare
l\/ geniohyoideus
a
M, mylohyoideus
o
Glandula
submandibularis Ductussubmandibularis
M styloglossus
O Glandula
submandibularis
N hypoglossus
[Xll] , Fasciaceruicalis,
Laminasuperficialis
M hyoglossusI
s M. stylohyoideus o M. digastricus,
Venteranterior
F i g . 1 9 3 M a j o rs a L i v a rgyt a n d s G
, l a n d u t a se a t i v a r i a e
majores;
inferolateratview.
To p o g r a p h y
Submandibular andsublinaual
Ductussublinouales
minores
Caruncula
sublingualis
M pterygoideus
medialis
Ductussublingualis
major
N lingualis
M genioglossus
Glandula
submandibularis
M geniohyoideus
Ductussubmandibularis
M. digastricus,Venteranterior
Glandula
sublingualis Os hyoideum
M mylohyoideus
F i g . 1 9 4 S u b m a n d i b u t agrt a n d ,G [ a n d u t as u b m a n d i b u t a r i s ,
a n d s u b t i n g u agl .t a n d ,G t a n d u [ a
sub[inguatis.
Caruncula
sublingualis
Ductussublingualis
major
Glandula
sublingualis
M genioglossus
M mylohyoideus
N. lingualis
A. alveolaris inferior
N alveolaris inferior
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
Radix linguae N. hypoglossus

[Xll]
F i g . 1 9 5 S u b L i n g u agL[ a n d ,G t a n d u t a
subtinguatis,
a n ds u b m a n d i b u t ag rt a n d G
, l a n d u t sau b m a n d i b u t a r i s ;
s u D e n o rv t e w .
M us c tes
Mouth/0ral.cavity
Papillaductusparotidei
F i g .1 9 6 O p e n i nogf t h ee x c r e t o rdyu c t
o f t h ep a r o t i d
g t a n dP, a p i t l d
au c t u s
oarotidei.
Lingua,Faciesinferior
Oensmolarislll [serotinus]
Plicafimbriata
Densmolarisll
Frenulum
linguae
DensmolarisI
Plicasublingualis
Denspremolaris
ll
Caruncula
sublingualis
Denspremolaris
I
Denscaninus
Gingiva
Densincisivus
ll
Fig.197 0peningof the excretory duct

o f t h es u b m a n d i b u Lg a[ ar n dC
, aruncula
s ub t i n o
u a[ i s .
T o p o g r a p h y| O rg a na re a s I S e cti o n s
Sativaryglands Topography
Arteriesandnervesof the oral cavitv
Maxilla
a N lingualis
Uvulapalatina
M. palatoglossus
a
a M. genioglossus
l\,4styloglossusa
Mm pharyngis a A. profunda
linguae
a
N glossopharyngeus Mandibula
lxl s
a M. mylohyoideus
M. hyoglossusO
a M geniohyoideus
A lingualisO
I N hypoglossus
[Xll]
Os hyoideum,
Cornumajus
a A sublingualis
M hyoglossus
a
pharyngis
M. constrictor medius,O
F i g .1 9 8 A r t e r i e as n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,L i n g u a ;
mediaIview.
* N palatinus
major
o A. palatinamajor
Nn,palatiniminoresc
O (A nasopalatina)
Canalisincisivus
Uvulapalatina
Tonsillapalatina
Dorsumlinguae,
Parsanterior
R tonsillaris
*
vallatae
Papillae
N. glossopharyngeusflXl a
Mandibula
A palatinaascendens,O
R tonsillaris
N glossopharyngeus
ilXl, ,'
Br linguales Tonsillalinoualis.
(Folliculiliri'guales)
F i g . 1 9 9 A r t e r i e sa n d n e r v e so f t h e p a L a t eP, a L a t u m ,
a n d t h e r o o t o f t h e t o n g u e ,R a d i x[ i n g u a e ;
m e d i a Iv i e w .
> Head M us c l es
MouthlOratcavity
Vessels
and nervesof the tongueand the larynx
G l a n d u l al i n g u a l i s
Ductussublingualis
major Plica fimbriata
C a r u n c u sl au b l i n g u a l i s
Ductussublinguales
minores
Ductussublingualis
major
Plicasublingualis
a M genioglossus
Septumlinguae
a M geniohyoideus
N;A;Vsublingualis*Oa
G l a n d u lsau b l i n g u a l i s
A l i n g u a l ias ; a M styloglossus
V comitans
nervihypoglossi O
0 M hyoglossus
N lingualis
*
a M mylohyoideus
Ganglion
submandibulare
&
Glandula
submandibularis
N hypoglossus
[Xll]*
a M digastricus,
Venteranterior
a M stylohyoideus
M mylohyoideus
I
Os hyoideum
Glandula
submandibularis
a M omohyoideus,
Ventersuperior
A : V laryngea
superior:
a o a M sternohyoideus
N. laryngeus
superior-
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
a M thyrohyoideus
Cartilagothyroidea pharyngis
a l/. constrictor inferior
(Lobuspyramidalis,
Var.)
C M, sternothyroideus
M cricothyroideus
a
Cartilagocricoidea
) 20!+,218,23r+,237 F i g . 2 0 0 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,L i n g u a ;
m a j o rs a I i v a r yg [ a n d s G , t a n d u [ a sea t i v a r i a e
majores,
a n d [ a r y n x ,L a r y n x ;
a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i ovri e w .
T o p o g r a p h y| 0 rg a na re a s I S e cti o ns
and nervesof the
Vessels
o M genioglossus
sublingualis
Glandula
A s u b l i n g u aal i s
O O A.;V sublingualis
N. sublingualis
& O A. profunda
linguae
, N lingualis
N. lingualisa
a V profunda
linguae
M hyoglossus O
a M. styloglossus
A. profundalinguaea
a N hypoglossus
[Xll]
A sublingualis
a
O V lingualis
A lingualis
O a M hyoglossus
a A. carotisexterna
o N laryngeus superior,
A thyroideasuperiorO R. internus
a Bifurcatiocarotidis
a A laryngea
superior
M. geniohyoideus
a
o A. thyroidea
superior
Os hyoideum
o A carotiscommunis
Membrana
thyrohyoidea
Cartilago
thyroidea
A thyroideasuperior,
a Glandula thyroidea,
R. glandularis
anterior Lobus sinister
M cricothyroideus
O
lsthmusglandulae
thyroideae
F i g , 2 0 1 V e s s e t sa n d n e r v e so f t h e t o n g u e ,
Linguaa , n d t h e t h y r o i dg t a n d ,G [ a n d u [ a
thyroidea;
a n t e r i o r - i n f e r i ovri e w .
frontalsection
Falx cerebri
Spatiumsubarachnoideum
Sinussagittalis
superior 8 N. supraorbitalis,R medialis
Arachnoidea
matercranialis
Galea aponeurotica
o N. supraorbitalis,
R lateralis
Sinusfrontalis
a A supraorbitalis
Duramatercranialis
o N suoraorbitalis
o M obliquus
suoerior
M. temporalis
a
o M levatorpalpebraesuperioris,
M. rectussuperior
Cellulaeethmoidales
o A. lacrimalis
Glandula
lacrimalis
a N opticusilll;
O a V;A centralis retinae
Septumnasi (Vll)
a R. zygomaticus
a M. rectuslateralis
Concha nasalis a M rectusmedialis

inferior
Corpusadiposumorbitae
o M rectusinferior
A transversafacieia
a N infraorbitalis
R. buccalis(Vll)O
a M masseter
Densmolarisll
Sinusmaxillaris
A . ; V f a c i a l ios a
Ductusparotideus
Glandula
sublingualis
a M buccinator
V;A.; N. alveolaris
inferjoro a a
Platysma
a
oaA;V. lingualis
M. mylohyoideus
o
a M. genioglossus
M. digastricus,
Venteranterioro
a M geniohyoideus
Fig.202 Fronta[sectionthroughthe head of a 48-year-otdmate

a t t h e [ e v e [o f t h e s e c o n du p p e rm o t a rt o o t h ;
a n t e r i o rv i e w .
Topography | 0rganareas I Sections
Sinussagittalis
superior
(Suturafrontalis)
Galeaaooneurotica
Duramatercranialis;
Arachnoideamatercranialis
Falxcerebri
M. levatorpalpebraeO
supenofls a M. rectusmedialis
Glandula
lacrimalis
Septumnasi
M. rectussuoerioro
Suturaf rontozygomatica
M. obliquussuperiorO
M. rectuslateralisa molarisll
Retina
Lingua
M. rectusinferiora
Corpusadiposumbuccae
Suturazygomaticomaxillaris
M. massetera Ductussubmandibularis
N. infraorbitalis
o
Glandula
sublingualis
A. facialisa
a O O N.:A.:V.alveolaris
inferior
A. lingualis
O
O Platysma
M. genioglossus
a
o /
M. geniohyoideus
M. mylohyoideus a M. digastricus,Venteranterior
o
F i g . 2 0 3 F r o n t a sl e c t i o nt h r o u g ht h e h e a do f a n e o n a t e
at the [eve[of the secondupper molar tooth;
a n t e r i o rv i e w
Note the absenceof the maxittarysinus and the ctoseproximity
o f t h e t o o t ha n t a g et o t h e o r b i t .

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>Head Surface lSketetonl Musctes

Margo infraorbitalis Foramen infraorbitale

Maxilla, Proc alveolaris

Spina nasalis anterior

Os nasale Concha nasalis inferior Os ethmoidale

Maxilla Mandibula Os parietale

os zygomaticum Os lacrimale Os sphenoidale

Linea temporalis Tuberparietale

Os occipitale Os sphenoidale Mandibula

osparietate Os temporale Os occipitale

Os palatinum Proc styloideus

Os frontale osparietate Os occipitale

Canalis nervi hypoglossi

Os frontale Os ethmoidale Os temporale

Os parietale Os sphenoidale Os occipitale

Protuberantiaoccioitalisexterna Linea nuchalis inferior

Maxilla Os palatinum Os sphenoidale

Foramen palatinummajus Palatumdurum

Canalis nerui hypoglossi

Sinus maxillaris Cellulaemastoideae

Concha nasalis inferior

Palatum durum Ramusmandibulae

Palatum Atlas, Arcus

Maxilla, Proc frontalis

Ala major Os temporale

Os lacrimale Os occipitale Os ethmoidale

Os frontale Maxilla,Os incisivum Os sphenoidale

Os parietale Os zygomaticum Mandibula

Os frontale, Tuber frontale Tuberparietale

I Vomer Os occipitale,Os palatinum Maxilla,

Os frontale Os temporale Os zygomaticum

Os occioitale. Pars lateralis

Vomer Maxilla.Proc. Dalatinus

Fig.78 FrontaLbone,Os fronta[e.

Margosupraorbitalis Proc zygomaticus

Facies infratemporalis Fossacanina

Foramina alveolaria Soinanasalisanterior

Maxilla, Facies nasalis

Spina nasalis anletiot -.1

Crista galli Conchanasalissuperior

Concha nasalis media

Fig. 83 Lateralwat[ of the nasaIcavity,

Os parietale Concha nasalis inferior

Os frontale Os occipitale X Os ethmoidale

Os nasale Os palatinum Os lacrimale

Os palatinum Concha nasalis lnlerior

Os palatinum, Fissura orbitalisinlerior

Foramen infraorbitale: Canalis inlraorbitalis Suturazygomaticomaxillaris

Ala minor Os temporale,

Vomer Concha nasalis media

Maxilla.Proc alveolaris Concha nasalis inferior

Os frontale Os nasale Maxilla

I Os lacrimale Os palatinum Os temporale

Facies maxillaris Proc pterygoideus,

Proc pterygoideus,Lamina medialis Incisurapterygoidea

Soina ossis sDhenoidalis

Proc vaginalis Proc pterygoideus,

Ala major,Margofrontalis Proc.clinoideusposterior Sulcusorechiasmaticus

Proc intrajugularis Lingulasphenoidalis

Foramenmastoideum Proc zygomaticus

Proc condylaris Proc coronoideus

Fovea sublingualis Ramusmandibulae

Linea mylohyoidea Foveasubmandibularis