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Green transportation: Development opportunities in support of

sustainable transportation
Sri Sarjana1*
1Land Transportation Department, Politeknik Transportasi Darat Indonesia - STTD, Bekasi, Indonesia

Abstract. Green transportation is a concept developed by utilizing vehicles that are environmentally
friendly, low in emissions and do not produce pollution that has a negative impact on the environment. This
study aims to analyze scientific publications by utilizing green transportation as the main construct that has
relevance to sustainable transportation to be directed into novelty and followed up in future developments.
Meta analysis was developed by optimizing the use of scientific literature on the concept of green
transportation. The analysis was developed through a qualitative approach and literature review using
VOSviewer. This study describes 4920 journals published from 2018 to 2022 as data sources from database
search results found on Google Scholar which were developed through the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) stages. Results state that the trend of scientific
publications on the studied construct has increased in line with the need for the sustainability of the
transportation system. In addition, novelty of construct is obtained as a derivative of green transportation
including green supply chain, green warehousing, green distribution, green logistics, green manufacturing,
green production, green packaging, green infrastructure, green economy, green marketing, green initiative,
clean energy, emission reduction, new energy vehicles and green cities. The novelty of constructs found
needs to be followed up in further studies along with the development of knowledge and technology which
is encouraged to support sustainable development.

1 Introduction of mobility and energy that are beneficial to society [1],

The growth of last five years, study for the development
of green transportation around the world has become an
important concern for academics and researchers to
encourage the need for sustainable transportation. The
concept of transportation sustainability that is applied
through green transportation assumes the sustainability
of life in an urban environment [1]. Green transportation
is expected to be able to reduce the effects of global
warming and climate change which have a serious
impact on life and ecosystems, although this effort is
still considered less desirable [2]. Sustainability of smart
life can be created through a smart environment to
improve people's welfare [3]. A rapid increase in green
transportation studies is being carried out in order to
obtain the latest models that can be applied in various
fields of human life, including various efforts that are
continuously being made to improve transportation
efficiency and reduce energy consumption [4], there is a
threat to environmental conditions and perceived
environmental discomfort [5], efforts to create smart
model vehicles in the development of smart cities [6]. It
is important to meet the rapidly increasing demand for
energy in electric vehicles and the demand for hybrid
renewable energy including wind, solar photovoltaic
and battery energy storage is demanded to grow even
faster [7], necessary to carry out a transition to electric
vehicles that are implemented through the convergence
the need for an electric car that has a reliable battery [8]
and need to develop a comprehensive mode of public
transportation based on environmentally friendly fuels
[9].
Various solutions have been presented in
encouraging the development of green transportation
which have been published in various previous studies.
However, many of the solutions given still tend to be
stated partially, such as the development of green
transportation carried out in China, Qatar, Singapore or
in other countries. The various solutions offered from
many studies are unique in the effort to develop green
transportation include an efficient green transportation
scheduling system to reduce transportation costs, reduce
the level of environmental damage, reduce fuel
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions which can
be done by implementing the augmented ε-constraint
method [10]. In addition, Transport Impact Assessment
(TIA) process needs to develop a plan to address traffic
externalities and secure resources in encouraging the use
of modes that prioritize green transportation [11].
Another solution can be implemented by developing an
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) road pricing model
that prioritizes the perspectives of road users,
governments and agents to achieve green transportation
that takes into account environmental impacts and
potential accidents by implementing a comprehensive
Green Safety Indicator (GSI) [12]. Green transport

*Corresponding author: srisarjana@gmail.com

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 429, 03003 (2023)
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scheduling can be implemented through Evolution-
Strategy-Based Memetic Pareto Optimization (ESMPO)
by implementing a multi-objective search process for a
faster sorting procedure in the memetic algorithm as a
multi-objective sorting step [13]. Electromobility is a
new form of development in the application of green
transportation that prioritizes traffic safety and solves
mobility problems related to environmental and social
impacts on the transportation aspect [14-15], directed to
become a future transportation need that shifts industry
and markets to the era of electric vehicles which have a
dependence on electricity generated by the energy sector
which requires policies that accommodate the
transportation and energy sectors simultaneously in
promoting electric vehicles [16].
The categorization of green transportation is related
to determining the type of vehicle with clean technology
such as electric buses where electric vehicles emit zero
exhaust emissions which can ensure clean air and it is
hoped that clean technology will be more in demand in
densely populated areas which aim to have good air
quality and be more liveable [17], the exploitation of
green transportation is able to lighten the ecological
burden to encourage the creation of a sustainable
environment [18]. Transport planning plays an
important role in building an integrated transportation
system and evaluation of green transportation can apply
the results of previous traffic planning regarding the
evaluation methods and models used [19-20]. Smart city
development requires the promotion of energy
efficiency in urban areas with an accurate level of data
reliability which is heavily influenced by the effects of
global urbanization so that efficient energy management
can be actualized through the utilization of green
transportation [21]. Knowledge development in the
development of green transportation needs to apply a
strategic approach in concocting the diversity of
knowledge in various sectors obtained through
searching scientific articles to find knowledge concepts
that have novelty values for future knowledge
development. The expected goals in the study are
directed to find a concept that has a novelty that is
derived from green transportation in encouraging the
development of a sustainable transportation system.
2 Method
The trend of urban development is experiencing rapid
growth which introduces many green transportation
concepts in an effort to support transportation
sustainability. Mapping the concept of green
transportation as an important part in developing urban
governance is the main objective studied in order to
explore and deepen understanding of the need for
environmentally friendly transportation through
scientific evolutionary exploration. Qualitative studies
are applied by utilizing scientific literature through
searching journal publications on the concept of green
transportation in order to create sustainable cities with
the support of green transportation systems that consider
future transportation needs. A qualitative approach can
be applied through bibliometric analysis by developing
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a meta-analysis of the scientific literature obtained
according to the concepts studied [22].
A qualitative approach can apply meta-analysis in
managing scientific journal publications based on the
study topics obtained [23]. Data sources from various
scientific literature can be studied through meta-analysis
[24]. To generate trends in the development of scientific
publications, mastery of scientific evolution is required
[25]. Scientific evolution is an important part for the
knowledge development of evolution in line with the
concepts studied in order to encourage the strengthening
of knowledge radically in line with the latest required
trends. Recent issues that have relevance to the concept
under study need to get attention and become findings
to encourage the development of up-to-date knowledge.
Analysis on a collection of scientific publications is
carried out using the VOSviewer to present a
visualization of the results referring to the concept being
studied. VOSviewer generates in the form of network
and density visualizations [26].
Journal publications as part of the main data were
obtained through searches using publish or perish which
were collected systematically from Google Scholar in
March 2023. The databases that were successfully
collected on the concept of green transportation were
arranged according to 2018-2022 timeframe. To obtain
a database according to the concept being studied by
entering the keywords green transportation. The initial
selection was obtained by scientific journals of 4920
articles according to the concept of green transportation.
Five time periods were selected based on the time span
of publication in order to facilitate interpretation and
analyzed the feasibility of the data. Cluster analysis was
carried out on the findings of each time period presented
referring to concept categorization in order to facilitate
the discovery of developments of concept derivatives
that have the potential to have novelty.
The search for scientific journals referred to the
concept of green transportation according to the
sequence of stages starting from data collection to the
process of bibliometric analysis aimed at obtaining
concepts that have novelty values (Fig. 1.). The novelty
obtained which is presented in the form of a derivative
concept can be an important part that generates new
knowledge for future development. The study paradigm
applied refers to the preferred reporting items for
systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) [27-
29].
3 Result and Discussion
The results of meta-analysis in the bibliometric pattern
are shown to be interactive and interesting related to the
concept of green transportation which can be recognized
easily through network and density visualization. The
data obtained from 4920 scientific journals was then
processed following the steps in the preferred reporting
items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis. In
addition, the calculation of citation values and indexes
is also carried out every year to find out the ongoing
publication trends. Furthermore, VOSviewer is
implemented as a tool in analyzing green transportation
E3S Web of Conferences 429, 03003 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342903003
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in order to obtain derivative concepts that are expected
to have novelty values that can be useful for knowledge
development. The use of this application program is
currently experiencing quite rapid development in an
effort to find various novelties related to concepts,
theories or knowledge that have the potential to have an
important role, especially in the development of green
transportation that supports sustainable transportation.

Fig. 1. Bibliometric analysis flowchart by adopting the Prisma [30].

Refer to Table 1 which shows that even though the novelty found as an effort to develop knowledge for
number of papers obtained each year is not the same, improving the quality of knowledge in the future as well
with a slight difference, it does not reduce the quality of as supporting the development of sustainable
the results obtained. Even though there has been a transportation system.
downward trend in publications from 2018 to 2022 due
Table 1. Characteristics of journal publications on the
to the relatively shorter publication time in the newer concept of green transportation 2018-2022.
year. However, with the exception of the author per
paper category, which has an increasing trend, it means Citation
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
that journal publications in recent years have a greater Metric
number of authors. Papers 990 989 983 971 989
The classification of green transportation derivatives Citation
52830 44977 32044 20824 6389
is presented in six clusters during the publication period s
of the last five years, referring to Table 2. In the latest Cites/ye 10566 11244. 10681. 10412. 6389.
year's publication, it can be seen that there are several ar .00 25 33 00 00
new concept derivatives that have not appeared and have Cites /
53.36 45.48 32.60 21.45 6.46
not been studied in the previous year. Several derivative paper
concepts can be found in clustering including green Authors
3.41 3.41 3.55 3.59 3.67
bond, green open space, green hydrogen, hole transport / paper
layer, narrative transportation, green gentrification and h-index 115 104 83 67 30
green port. The development for the concept of green g-index 170 150 123 98 46
transportation has seen remarkable progress in the last hA-
five years of publication review where several new 39 41 39 42 30
index
concept derivatives were found (Table 3). Knowledge
development through further studies in developing the

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Table 2. Clustering in classifying the concept of green transportation.

Concept Classification
Cluster
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Active
transportation, air
Alternative fuel, air
pollution, energy Air pollution, carbon Carbon emission,
pollution, air quality,
conservation, green footprint, green area, carbon footprint,
environmental
bond, green area, green city, green climate change,
pollution, green Charge transport,
green economy, hydrogen, green energy consumption,
transportation, green electron transport,
green infrastructure, space, maritime green economy,
1 building, green green development,
green space, green transport, public green energy, green
development, green green synthesis,
travel, high speed transport, traffic space, public
house, public transport mechanism
rail, public transport, congestion, transport,
transport, transport
sustainable transportation transportation
mode, sustainable
transportation, urban infrastructure infrastructure
transportation
area, transport
infrastructure

Environmental
performance,
Charge transport, Canal transportation,
environmental
electron transport, charge transport,
sustainability, green
green economy, electron transport, Active transport, air
credit policy, green Green initiative,
green synthesis, hole green port, green pollution, charge
distribution, green green manufacturing,
transport layer, ion synthesis, ion transport, electron
2 innovation, green green packaging,
transport, maritime transport, mass transport, renewable
job, green logistic, environmental
transport, transport transport, energy, urban area,
green manufacturing, performance
mechanism, transport supercapacitor, water transport
green packaging,
property, transport transportation
green technology,
process network
green warehousing,
heat transport,

Circular economy, Air transport, carbon

electric vehicle, emission, Climate change,
electrification, green environmental electric vehicle,
Electric vehicle,
energy, green impact, energy efficiency,
Green supply chain, green technology,
hydrogen, green environmental green infrastructure,
green product, fuel green transport,
open space, green sustainability, green green bond, green
consumption, road sustainable
vehicle, hydrogen technology, green infrastructure, green
3 transport, sustainable transportation,
economy, hydrogen innovation, green technology,
transportation, transportation
production, product, green hydrogen, green
transportation cost, network,
transportation growth, narrative supply chain, green
biomass transportation
industry, maritime transportation, travel, renewable
infrastructure
transportation, renewable energy, energy,
sustainable transportation transportation cost
development industry

Climate change, Carbon emission,

Green initiative,
electron transport, environmental Electric vehicle,
green distribution, Carbon emission,
environmental sustainability, biomethane,
green logistic, green green innovation,
pollution, freight environmental environmental
manufacturing, green green product, green
transport, hole impact, green impact, green
4 supply chain, supply chain,
transport layer, mass innovation, green technology,
intelligent transportation cost,
transport, narrative logistic, green hydrogen, transport
transportation, transportation
transportation, process, green sector, urban green
transportation mode, activity
transport behaviour, product, green space
transportation cost
transport property procurement

Energy consumption, Clean energy, clean Environmental

Carbon emission,
electric vehicle, transportation, green performance, green
energy consumption,
green bond, green economy, green design, green Green vehicle, green
renewable energy,
energy, green development, green innovation, green space, green area, air
5 transportation cost,
hydrogen, green finance, green time, logistic, green transport, hydrogen,
transportation time,
chemistry, road green growth, manufacturing, green public transportation
transportation
transport, transport sustainable packaging, green
activity
sector development warehousing

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Table 2 (continued). Clustering in classifying the concept of green transportation.

Concept Classification
Cluster
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Blockchain
technology, energy
Green space, green Environmental
Green building, consumption,
gentrification, Narrative sustainability, green
green finance, green intelligent
6 transport transportation, green building, green
port, maritime transportation, smart
infrastructure, time maintenance,
transport city, transportation
internet of think methodology
industry, urban
transport

Table 3. Publications based on the top ten rankings and the largest number of citations on the concept of green transportation.
Source Cite
Rank TC APY Title Publisher Authors SJR
Journal score
Drivers to sustainable
MA Moktadir,
manufacturing practices and Journal of
T Rahman,
1 336 67.20 circular economy: A perspective cleaner Elsevier 15.8 1.921
MH Rahman,
of leather industries in production
SM Ali [31]
Bangladesh
Y Van Fan, S
Journal of
A review on air emissions Perry, JJ
2 250 50.00 cleaner Elsevier 15.8 1.921
assessment: Transportation Klemeš, CT
production
Lee [32]
Green supply chain management, SAR Khan, Y
Journal of
economic growth and Zhang, M
3 244 48.80 cleaner Elsevier 15.8 1.921
environment: A GMM based Anees, H
production
evidence Golpîra [33]
A new holistic conceptual
framework for green supply Journal of Y Kazancoglu,
4 241 48.20 chain management performance cleaner Elsevier I Kazancoglu, 15.8 1.921
assessment based on circular production M Sagnak [34]
economy
Defending blue sky in China:
Y Feng, M
Effectiveness of the “Air Journal of
Ning, Y Lei, Y
5 190 47.50 Pollution Prevention and Control Environmental Elsevier 11.4 1.481
Sun, W Liu, J
Action Plan” on air quality Management
Wang [35]
improvements from 2013 to 2017
Journal of X Luo, D Li, Y
Spatiotemporal traffic flow
6 176 44.00 Advanced Hindawi Yang, S Zhang 3.7 0.569
prediction with KNN and LSTM
Transportation [36]
International
Lean and green combine to RA Inman,
Journal of Taylor &
7 159 31.80 impact environmental and KW Green 14.6 2.780
Production Francis
operational performance [37]
Research
Optimal scheduling of plug-in
P Aliasghari, B
electric vehicles and renewable Journal of
Mohammadi-
8 159 31.80 micro-grid in energy and reserve cleaner Elsevier 15.8 1.921
Ivatloo, M
markets considering demand production
Alipour [38]
response program
Environmental, social and
economic growth indicators spur SAR Khan, C
Journal of
logistics performance: from the Jian, Y Zhang,
9 154 38.50 cleaner Elsevier 15.8 1.921
perspective of South Asian H Golpîra, A
production
Association for Regional Kumar [39]
Cooperation countries
Corporate environmental
Journal of M Naidoo, A
sustainability in the retail sector:
10 153 30.60 cleaner Elsevier Gasparatos 15.8 1.921
Drivers, strategies and
production [40]
performance measurement

Visualization of the network and density is shown in between concepts that connect each other. The large
an interactive and attractive display referring to Fig. 2- number of journal publications on a particular topic is
3. The linkages between concepts illustrated through the represented by the size of nodes formed. Greater the
links between nodes indicate that there is a relationship number of journal publications, larger the node size.

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While the colour of nodes classifies groups or clusters
that have the suitability of the concept being studied.
The same node colour shows that the concept under
study has clusters that have similarities. In addition to
node size, the colour brightness generated in the density
visualization also indicates the number of publications
produced. The brighter colour, greater the number of
publications found. Opportunities for new concepts
exist in areas that have low colour brightness, but still
need to be filtered and considered with previously
published concepts.

Fig. 2. Network visualization on green transportation.

Fig. 3. Density visualization on green transportation.

The large size of nodes indicates that the concept has
been studied in many previous publications. Meanwhile,
the small size of the node means that the number of
publications is still low and even has the possibility of
finding new concepts. Vehicle emission, environmental
protection, green initiative, green economy, green
supply chain, green distribution, and green
warehousing. It is still rare for studies on concepts that
have small node sizes expected for researchers and
academics to be able to follow up to be researched in the

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future to increase studies especially those that are
relevant to sustainable transportation.
The linkages between green transportation and
several derivative concepts generated through
bibliometric analysis refer to Fig. 4. Several derived
concepts that have an important role in the development
of green transportation can be shown by their linkages
through links connected to green transportation
including green supply chain, green manufacturing,
Fig. 4. The linkage of green transportation with several derivative concepts.
Clustering of authors based on network visualization
(Fig. 5) shows that the same colour group addresses
research concepts that have good fit. The dominance of
discussion on the concept of green transportation can be
seen in each cluster which is interrelated to one another.
Several top authors are the main references for each
cluster, for example those controlled by Wang Y, Zhang
Y, Liu Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Z and Xu L.
The names of authors displayed are very easy to identify
from the country where the authors come from, China.
In addition, this presentation is able to answer which
country is the most dominant in journal publications and
conduct studies on the concept of green transportation.
For this reason, it is important to develop green
transportation and its derivative concepts through
knowledge development, such as the various
developments that have been carried out by authors in
China who have contributed a lot to the development of
transportation systems and sustainable urban
development, as has happened recently.
4 Conclusion
Green transportation studies in various urban areas
require references and benchmarks for designing
environmentally friendly cities. Results of the study
state that there has been an increase in the discussion of
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green packaging, green logistics, green production,
carbon emission, air pollution, environmental impact,
technology challenge, smart city, electric vehicle,
bicycle and sustainable development. Derivative
concepts obtained from the existence of links shown
through links that connect with green transportation
have the opportunity to be followed up for the
development of further studies that support efforts to
optimize sustainable transportation.
the concept of green transportation published in
scientific journals which has a positive trend based on
data published in the last five years. The concept of
green transportation contributes to developing
sustainable transportation for the development of urban
areas through the use of various resources and
infrastructure to be integrated with each other by
adopting environmentally friendly technologies to
create sustainable cities. The characteristics of
sustainable city are characterized by a physically active
population that supports the creation of a sustainable
environment [41].
Green transportation studies need to be encouraged
to strengthen the depth of the discussion and need to be
studied further through knowledge development.
Several findings derived from the concept of green
transportation found in the process of scientific
evolution and potential to have important novelty values
to be followed up in the future include green supply
chain, green warehousing, green distribution, green
logistics, green manufacturing, green production, green
packaging, green infrastructure, green economy, green
marketing, green initiatives, clean energy, emission
reduction, new energy vehicles and green cities. These
findings were obtained referring to network and density
visualization as analytical material for this it is felt
important for academics and researchers to be able to
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study more deeply in order to improve quality in urban
development through the development of green
transportation that is in harmony with sustainable
development. In addition, the government needs to
make policies in the development of transportation
infrastructure by participating actively in promoting
environmental sustainability programs by introducing a
green transportation system which is an important
Fig. 5. The connectedness of authors in studying green transportation.
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ICCIM 2023

Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 874, 012020 (2020) DOI

10.1088/1757-899X/874/1/012020

10