_NÐWD@F ‐ ]WÅ@_D@F
JEK^EH _NÐWD@F ‐  ]WÅ@_D@F
ONH NCNW@D@DF ON HE @E]E@DOEO
HNBEH ON HEP ]NWPFKEP @FK
ODP@E]E@DOEO (HNT 544</54) 
OEDWF EHGNW_F JE_N^P NP_WEOE

BJA ]rdjnre
Egfbeofsnod`dðk
 

jekueh tnðrd`f ‐
tnðrd`f ‐ prå`td`f
 prå`td`f onh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh on hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo (hny 544</54)
DPGK3421-4>1-?4-5?=7-<
]rdjnre nod`dðk3 nknrf 7=75
@fpyrdbat © Oedrf Ehgnrtf Jetnus Nstreoe
Le`ngffi3 BJA Egfbeofs
@nhuher3 050110<?45

]rfadgdoe he rnprfou``dðk tfteh f per`deh on su `fktnkdof, pfr

`uehqudnr jnodf rnprfbråld`f f lðkd`f nspn`dehjnktn pfr lftf`fpde
f `fk `uehqudnr prfpðsdtf,

Wnsnrveofs tfofs hfs onrn`afs.

 

Onod`f nste fgre

E jd anrjekf Cafk Cedrf Jetnus Ehvereof qudnk jn budf pere
hhnber e nste anrjfse prflnsdðk
E jd snõfre jeorn Jertae @n`dhde Nstreoe Odez pdher lukoejnkteh
pere tnrjdker jds nstuodfs ukdvnrsdterdfs
E jd adcf Oyhek Ekoräs Jetnus Wforêbunz nh jftdvf qun jn djpuhse
e snr `eoe oêe jncfr
E tfofs hfs snbudofrns on BJA Egfbeofs qudnkns sdnjprn aek
epfyeof `eoe ukf on jds prfyn`tfs
 

‘dkonpnkonk`de3 nh `fktrfh qun uke pnrsfke tdnkn sfgrn su prfpde

vdoe. He dkonpnkonk`de ongn snr jnodoe ‟kf nk rnhe`dðk `fk
`uåktes ternes punonk snr rnehdzeoes sdk esdstnk`de‟
esdstnk`de‟, sdkf nk
rnhe`dðk `fk he `ehdoeo on vdoe qun sn punon hfbrer `fk esdstnk`de
esdstnk`de‚‚ 
@fk`nptf rnonldkdof pfr No Wfgnrts

Hdgrf3 Nh Jfonhf Pf`deh on Ods`epe`doeo - Ebustdke ]ehe`dfs

 

E^_FW
OEDWF EHGNW_F JE_N^P NP_WEOE, egfbeof nbrnseof on he
Le`uhteo on Onrn`af, @dnk`des ]fhêtd`es y Pf`dehns on he ^kdvnrsdoeo
]fpuher onh @nser, Nspn`dehdste nk Onrn`af ]rf`nseh on he ^kdvnrsdoeo
Pektf _fjes sn``dfkeh Gu`erejekbe. Dkd`df su vdoe prflnsdfkeh nk uk
`erbf póghd`f `fjf Pn`rnterdf on Bfgdnrkf onh Jukd`dpdf on ]edhdtes
- @nser, gecf su sn`tfrdeh nstege e `erbf onh @fjdtä on Ods`epe`doeo,
hunbf on rnkuk`der e su `erbf, sn ae onod`eof eh hdtdbdf. @rneofr on he
påbdke BJA Egfbeofs onson ofkon dk`nktdve he E`eonjde.
 

DKOD@N BNKNWEH

@fktnkdof
]WFHFBF ...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.........................1
........1
D. EP]N@_F ADP_FWD@F .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...................4
..4

5- Jfonhf prns`dkonk`de.........................................
.........................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................5=
...5=
7- Jfonhf rnaegdhdteofr .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................55
...........55
0- Jfonhf sf`deh ...............................
................................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.........................55
........55
DD ‐
DD ‐ @E]E@DOEO
 @E]E@DOEO C^WÊOD@E T ODP@E]E@DOEO NK HE @FK\NK@DÐK PFGWN HFP ONWN@AFP ON HEP
]NWPFKEP @FK ODP@E]E@DOEO @O]O. .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.........................57
.........57
DDD ‐
DDD ‐ @E]E@DOEO
 @E]E@DOEO C^WÊOD@E T ODP@E]E@DOEO
O DP@E]E@DOEO NK HE KFWJE_D\DOEO @FHFJGDEKE........................5?
.......................5?
D\- ODP]FPD@DFKNP
ODP]FPD@DFKNP BNKNWEHNP HNT 544< ONH 7=54. ...................
....................................
.................................
.................................
....................5>
...5>
5- Nh fgcntf ..................................
..................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...............................5>
..............5>
7- Dktnrprnte`dðk kfrjetdve3 ...............................
................................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
......................52
......52
0- Onldkd`dfkns....................
Onldkd`dfkns.....................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
......................7=
......7=
?- ]rdk`dpdfs................................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...............................7?
..............7?
>- @rdtnrdfs pere nsteghn`nr sehvebuerodes. ...................
....................................
.................................
.................................
...............................72
..............72
< ‐
 ‐  ]rnsuk`dðk on `epe`doeo ...................................
...................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................74
...74
2- Kdõfs, kdões y eofhns`nktns.
eofhns`nktns. .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................05
05
\- JN@EKDPJFP ]EWE NH NCNW@D@DF ON HE @E]E@DOEO HNBEH T ]EWE HE WNEHDSE@DÐK ON E@_FP
C^WÊOD@FP. ................................
.................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................05
...05
5. Ecustns rezfkeghns
rezfkeghns nk
nk nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh.
hnbeh. ................................
................................................
......................05
......05
7. Jn`ekdsjfs pere nsteghn`nr
nsteghn`nr epfyfs pere
pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs.
curêod`fs. ........................07
........................07
0. Ontnrjdke`dðk on hfs epfyfs. .................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
............................00
............00
?. \ehfre`dðk on epfyfs. ..................................
..................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.......................0?
......0?
\D- E@^NWOFP ON E]FTF ]EWE HE @NHNGWE@DÐK ON E@_FP C^WÊOD@FP. ..............................
.......................................04
.........04
e) Odspfsd`dfkns bnknrehns3 ..................................
..................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.......................?=
......?=
¶@uåkof lfrjehdzer uk epfyf6.................................
epfyf6.................................................
.................................
..................................
...............................?5
..............?5
- Kuhdoeo rnhetdve3 .................................
..................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................??
??
g) E`unrofs on epfyf pfr ns`rdture póghd`e ektn kfterdf T `fk`dhdeofrns nxtrecuod`dehns nxtrecuod`dehns nk
onrn`af. ................................
.................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................?2
...?2
- ]rf`nsf ektn kfterdf3 ........................................
........................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................?1
...?1
- ]rf`nsf ektn `fk`dhdeofrns nxtrecuod`dehns nk onrn`af.................................
..................................................
.........................>5
........>5

`- _nrjdke`dðk y jfodld`e`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyfs3 ................................

.................................................
...............................>?
..............>?
 

5- Jutuf e`unrof3 ...............................

................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................>>
>>
7- On`dsdðk ukdhetnreh onh tdtuher onh e`tf
e `tf curêod`f3...............................
................................................
..................................
....................>>
...>>
0- On`dsdðk ukdhetnreh on he pnrsfke on epfyf3 .................................
..................................................
.................................
......................><
......><
?- Junrtn on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 ...................
....................................
.................................
.................................
.................><
><
>- Junrtn on he pnrsfke on epfyf3 ..................................
...................................................
..................................
.................................
......................><
......><

\- ODWN@_D\EP EK_D@D]EOEP....................................
...................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.......................><
......><
7- Pus`rdp`dðk on he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe3
ek td`dpeoe3 .........................................
.........................................................
.................................
............................>4
...........>4
0- @fktnkdof on hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes3 ..............................................
..............................................................
.................................
....................>4
...>4
?- Jfodld`e`dðk, sustdtu`dðk y rnvf`e`dðk3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
.................>4
>4
\D - EOC^OD@E@DÐK C^OD@DEH ON E]FTFP. .....................................
.....................................................
.................................
..................................
.................<=
<=
5- ]rf`nodjdnktf on curdsod``dðk vfhukterde .................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...............................<5
..............<5
e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns.......................................
.......................................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
......................<5
......<5
-@rdtnrdfs bnknrehns pere he e`tue`dðk cuod`deh3 .................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.......................<0
......<0
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns.............................
prf`nsehns..............................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...............................<>
..............<>

- @fjpntnk`de .................................
.................................................
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..................................
..................................
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......................<>
......<>
- Hnbdtdje`dðk3 .................................
.................................................
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..................................
..................................
.................................
......................<<
......<<
- Onjekoe .................................
..................................................
..................................
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.................................
.................................
............................<<
............<<
- Eknxfs on he onjekoe ...........................................
...........................................................
.................................
..................................
...............................<1
..............<1
- ]rf`nodjdnktf..................................
..................................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
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...................<4
...<4
- @fktnkdof on he snktnk`de3 .........................
..........................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
.........................2=
.........2=
- Jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs. ......................25
......................25
- ^kdoeo on e`tue`dfkns y nxpnodnktns .........................
..........................................
..................................
..................................
.........................27
........27
`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs ...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...............................27
..............27

e. Jfonhf on pfonr pere eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf prfjfvdof pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher td tuher onh
e`tf curêod`f3 ................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.........................27
.........27
g. jfonhf pere prnsnkter onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf prfjfvdof pfr he pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f ...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................27
...........27
7- ]rf`nodjdnktf vnrgeh sujerdf ...............................................
...............................................................
.................................
..................................
.................27
27
e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns............................
bnknrehns..............................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................27
...27
- @rdtnrdfs bnknrehns pere he e`tue`dðk cuod`deh .....................................
.....................................................
.................................
....................20
...20
- Ecustns rezfkeghns .................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
...............................2?
..............2?
- E`tfs curêod`fs sucntfs e rnbdstrf3................................
.................................................
..................................
..................................
.........................2?
........2?
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns.............................
prf`nsehns..............................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...............................2?
..............2?
- @fjpntnk`de3
@fjpntnk`de3 ...............................
................................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
......................2?
......2?
 

Wn`ursfs3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
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..................................
...............................2>
..............2>
- Onjekoe3 ................................
.................................................
..................................
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............................2<
............2<
- Eknxfs on he onjekoe3 .......................................
........................................................
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.................................
..................................
.................22
22
- Hnbdtdje`dðk3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
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......................21
......21
- ]rf`nodjdnktf3
]rf`nodjdnktf3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
...................24
...24

`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs ...............................

................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
...............................1=
..............1=
0. Jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs. ....................1= ....................1=
\DD - ]NWPFKEP ON E]FTF. ................................
.................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
............................15
...........15
- Wnqudsdtfs3.................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
...............................15
..............15
- Dkaegdhdoeons pere snr pnrsfke on epfyf.................................
epfyf..................................................
.................................
.................................
.................17
17
- Fghdbe`dfkns on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf. ...............................
.................................................
...................................
.................................
...................17
...17
- E``dfkns on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf ............................
............................................
.................................
..................................
...............................10
..............10
- Wnspfksegdhdoeo on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf ...........................
............................................
.................................
.................................
....................10
...10
\DDD ‐
\DDD ‐  WÄBDJNK ON _WEKPD@DÐK .................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................1?
...1?

e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns............................
bnknrehns..............................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
....................1?
...1?
- Ongnrns onh cunz3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................1>
1>
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns .................................
.................................................
.................................
.................................
.................................
...............................1<
..............1<
- @fjpntnk`de3
@fjpntnk`de3 ...............................
................................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
......................1<
......1<
- ]rf`nodjdnktf3
]rf`nodjdnktf3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.................................
...................12
...12
- Ontnrjdke`dðk on hes pertns3 .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
...............................12
..............12
- Wnqudsdtfs pere he eojdsdðk3 ...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
.................4=
4=
- ]rf`nonk`de onh rn`ursf `fktre nh eutf qun rn`aeze
r n`aeze he onjekoe .........................
..........................................
.................40
40
- Eojdtdoe he onjekoe3 ............................................
............................................................
.................................
..................................
.............................5==
............5==

- _rejdtn e snbudr snbók nh nsteof onh prf`nsf3 .............................

..............................................
.................................
.......................5=?
.......5=?
5) kunvfs3...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.............................5=?
............5=?
7) Nk `ursf3...........................................
............................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
................................5=<
...............5=<
0) @fk`hudofs3...............................
................................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
..................................
.......................5=2
......5=2
`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs .................................
.................................................
.................................
..................................
.................................
...............................5=4
...............5=4
e. Jfonhf on pfonr pere
p ere eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdf3
treksdtfrdf3...............
...............................
....................5=4
....5=4
g. jfonhf pere prnsnkter onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdf3 .............5=4
`- jfonhf prf`nsf eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf (nxdstn prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk
nk `ursf)3 ...............................
................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
..................................
.............................5=4
............5=4

]rnbuktes on hfs snbudofrns on he lek pebn BJA Egfbeofs........................................

Egfbeofs.........................................................
..................5=4
.5=4
 

Q - GDGHDFBWELÊE..........................................
...........................................................
..................................
.................................
.................................
................................572
...............572

]WFHFBF
Hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo aek sdof ods`rdjdkeoes on he lfrje

jås `runkte pfsdghn e hf herbf on he aujekdoeo, sdnkof he äpf`e

ektdbue nk hes qun jås pnrvnrsdfkns sn vdnrfk.
E ldkehns onh sdbhf QQ `fjdnkze uke hu`ae pere rnspnter sus onrn`afs,
y, sfgrn tfof, pere rnspnter su vfhukteo y `fksebrer he dbuehoeo,
hu`ae, qun lun vdsdgdhdzeoe pfr No Wfgnrts prdjnre pnrsfke `fk uke
ods`epe`doeo brevn nk snr eojdtdof nk uke ukdvnrsdoeo y `uhjdker
sus nstuodfs.
Nk @fhfjgde, nh Jfonhf Pf`deh djpuhseof e kdvnh jukodeh pfr nh
jfvdjdnktf vdoe dkonpnkodnktn, `fjnkzð `fk he eprfge`dðk on he
Hny 50?< on 7==4 pfr jnodf on he `ueh sn eprunge he ‘@fkvnk`dðk
sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo‚ on`hereoe
`fkstdtu`dfkeh jnodektn snktnk`de @-740 on 7=5= on he @frtn
@fkstdtu`dfkeh sdnkof pertn esê onh Ghfqun on @fkstdtu`dfkehdoeo y
qun lun retdld`eoe nk nh 7=55 pfr nh Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh, `fk nstn
jfonhf, hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo tdnknk phnke `epe`doeo
 curêod`e, ehbf qun sn hfbrð sfhf aeste nh 7< on ebfstf onh 7=54 `fk he
 

nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he hny 544< onh 7=54 y nk nh qun sn nrreod`f

onh fronkejdnktf `fhfjgdekf
`fhfjgdekf he ldbure on he dktnrod``dðk.
Nk nh prnsnktn hdgrf nk`fktrerek uke rnsnõe adstðrd`e on hfs
odlnrnktns jfonhfs qun aek nktnkodof he ods`epe`doeo e hf herbf on
he adstfrde, pesernjfs e he `fk`np`dðk on `epe`doeo curêod`e onson he
pnrspn`tdve on he @fkvnk`dðk on hes Ke`dfkns ^kdoes sfgrn hfs
Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo, esê `fjf tejgdäk gecf
he kfrjetdvdoeo `fhfjgdeke y snktnk`des on hes ehtes `frtns, sn ae`n
uk nstuodf on hfs odlnrnktns `epêtuhfs qun `fklfrjek he hny 544< onh
7=54 eonjås on jfonhfs pere nh tråjdtn on hes odlnrnktns onjekoe.

D. EP]N@_F ADP_FWD@F
Onson nh dkd`df on he aujekdoeo, he ods`epe`doeo ae nsteof vdbnktn
nk he sf`dnoeo, verdekof he lfrje `fjf sn ae treteof e hes pnrsfkes
qun aek sulrdof on nstes. Onpnkodnkof on he `uhture on he pfghe`dðk
y on he äpf`e, he ods`epe`doeo sn ae nktnkodof onson odlnrnktns
jfonhfs, he jeyfrêe on hfs eutfrns aek donktdld`eof trns (0) jfonhfs
`fjukns e hf herbf on he adstfrde, jfonhf on prns`dkonk`de,
rnaegdhdteofr y sf`deh5. Eukqun hfs odvnrsfs eutfrns hn aek
a ek oeof uke
äpf`e nspn`êld`e e `eoe jfonhf, sdnkof nh jfonhf on prns`dkonk`de
nsteghn`dof nk he äpf`e ektdbue y jnodfnvf, nh jfonhf rnaegdhdteofr
e prdk`dpdfs onh sdbhf QQ y ldkehns on nstn, y nh jfonhf sf`deh e ldkehns
onh sdbhf QQ. _nkdnkof nk `unkte hfs odlnrnktns aehhezbfs `dnktêld`fs
qun aek sdof jfstreofs nk odlnrnktns rnvdstes on `dnk`de, jn etrnvf
e on`dr qun nh jfonhf sf`deh tdnkn uke bäknsds jås ektdbue on he qun
kfs phektnek hfs odvnrsfs eutfrns, nstf, tnkdnkof nk `unkte he
dkvnstdbe`dðk pughd`eoe nk ]KEP (]rf`nnodkbs fl tan Ketdfkeh
E`eonjy fl P`dnk`ns fl tan ^kdtno Ptetns fl Ejnrd`e).

5
 ]EHE@DFP, Ebustdke. Nh jfonhf sf`deh on he ods`epe`doeo3 frêbnkns, `ere`tnrdze`dðk
`ere`tnrdze`dðk y phesje`dðk nk he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn
hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo. Jeordo9 Brupf nodtfrdeh @DK@E, 7==1.].7<.
 

He adstfrde on he dkvnstdbe`dðk `fjdnkze nk 54<0, `uekof nh

erqunðhfbf ]efhf Brezdfsd ons`ugrn nk uke brute nk he pertn sur on
hfs Epnkdkfs (Dtehde) uk nktnrrejdnktf ofghn on ae`n ukfs 57.===
eõfs. Hfs erqunðhfbfs vdnrfk ehbf rerf nk equnhhfs rnstfs qun

hhejerfk Wfjdtf
on ukfs vndktn 7. Eõfs
eõfs jås teron,
qun tnkêe sn ontnrjdkð
uke odsphesde qun nre uk7 Nre
e`rfjnsfjähd`e. cfvnk
nh
prdjnr nkekf on he prnadstfrde.
Dkvnstdbeofrns `fjf Hfrke _dhhny, Oevdo Lheynr y nrdi trdkieus kf
rnhe`dfkeofs nktrn sê, nsteghn`dnrfk qun he sf`dnoeo on knekonrtehns
qudnkns nrek `ezeofrns, ad`dnrfk ecustns kn`nserdfs onktrf on su
brupf pere `fjpnkser hes odlnrnk`des y kn`nsdoeons on Wfjdtf 7,
nste dktnbre`dðk pere Hfrke _dhhny, ‘subdnrn uke sf`dnoeo nk he qun

tfofs hfs jdnjgrfs

dkod`ekof nrek vehfreofs
e uke sf`dnoeo nk he qun y, on an`af,
flrn`nr Wfjdtf
esdstnk`de 7 nsterêe
e hfs qun hf
kn`nsdtegek nre he kfrje". _ektf esê, qun nk hfs nstuodfs rnehdzeofs
sn puof donktdld`er qun rfjdtf 7 rn`dgdð nh jdsjf nktdnrrf qun hfs
onjås jdnjgrfs on he sf`dnoeo knekonrtehns, sdnkof nstf uke
junstre on rnspntf0. Nsn tretf on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo qun
sn hfbrð donktdld`er nk nste sf`dnoeo ae`n jås on 7==.=== eõfs, ns
juy snjncektn eh jfonhf sf`deh qun sn `fjnkzð e djphekter e
ldkehns onh sdbhf QQ `fjf vnrnjfs jås eonhektn.
5- Jfonhf prns`dkonk`de3 ns nh prdjnr jfonhf qun sn donktdld`e, oete
on he ektdbønoeo, nk nh, sn `rnêe qun nh frdbnk on he ods`epe`doeo tnkêe
uk jftdvf rnhdbdfsf, nre uk `estdbf odvdkf pfr ehbuke elrnkte
rnehdzeoe pfr sus peorns, f uk nkfcf
n kfcf odvdkf `fk nse lejdhde f he jdsje
`fjukdoeo nk ehbukfs `esfs, pfr hf qun nrek vdstf `fjf uke nspn`dn
on jehod`dðk, nk nstn jfonhf he sf`dnoeo ongêe prns`dkodr on hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo.

7
 attps3//nhpeds.`fj/nhpeds/7=51/55/=>/`d
attps3//nhpeds.`fj/nhpeds/7=51/55/=>/`dnk`de/5>?5?5045<V<==<<=.atjh 
nk`de/5>?5?5045<V<==<<=.atjh
0
  attps3//nhpeds.`fj/nhpeds/7=51/55/=>/`dnk`de/5>?5?5045<V<==<<=.atjh
 

Onktrf on nstn jfonhf nk`fktrejfs ofs sugjfonhfs3

Pugjfonhfs nubnkäsd`fs3 nk nstn sugjfonhf sn `fksdonrege
qun hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo kf jnrn`êek vdvdr, pfr nsf
sn hns oege junrtn e hfs jdsjf.
Pugjfonhf on jerbdke`dðk3
jerbdke`dðk3 nk nstn sugjfonhf hes pnrsfkes
`fk ods`epe`doeo nrek jerbdkeoes, su lejdhde hfs ns`fkoêek on
he sf`dnoeo, hes pnrsfkes hn tnkêek
tnkê ek `fjpesdðk, puns aegêek sdof
fgcntf on he dre odvdke.
7- Jfonhf rnaegdhdteofr3 Nstn snbukof jfonhf sn dkd`de e ldkehns
l dkehns on
he prdjnre bunrre jukodeh, rnprnsnkte uk brek `ejgdf on pereodbje,
puns, pese on vnr e he ods`epe`doeo `fjf uk `estdbf odvdkf e vnrhe
onson uk puktf on vdste jäod`f  ‐  ‐   `dnktêld`f (onrdveoes nk
hdjdte`dfkns dkodvdouehns on hes pnrsfkes). Hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo ye kf sfk `fksdonreoes dkótdhns f dkkn`nserdes, pnrf
sdnjprn nk he jnodoe nk qun snek rnaegdhdteoes. Ns pfr nhhf pfr hf
qun nh ldk prdjfrodeh qun sn pnrsdbun onson nstn jfonhf ns
kfrjehdzer e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, e qudnk ns
djprns`dkodghn rnaegdhdter ‟psêqud`e, lêsd`e, jnkteh f
snksfrdehjnktn‟
snksfrdehjnktn ‟.? 
0- Jfonhf sf`deh3 ns equnh qun `fksdonre qun hes `euses qun frdbdkek
he ods`epe`doeo kf sfk kd rnhdbdfses, kd `dnktêld`es, sdkf qun sfk, nk
brek jnodoe, sf`dehns. Onson nste ldhfsflêe sn dksdstn nk qun hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo punonk epfrter e he sf`dnoeo nk dbueh
jnodoe qun nh rnstf on hes pnrsfkes ‟sdk ods`epe`doeo‟
ods`epe`doeo‟, pnrf
sdnjprn onson he vehfre`dðk y nh rnspntf on he odlnrnk`de. Nstn
jfonhf sn nk`unktre êktdjejnktn rnhe`dfkeof `fk he esuk`dðk on
`dnrtfs vehfrns dktrêksn`fs e hfs onrn`afs aujekfs, y espdre e

?
 ]EHE@DFP, Ebustdke. Nh jfonhf sf`deh on he ods`epe`doeo3 frêbnkns, `ere`tnrdze
`ere`tnrdze`dðk
`dðk y phesje`dðk nk he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn
hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo. Jeordo9 Brupf nodtfrdeh @DK@E, 7==1.].7<.
 

pftnk`der nh rnspntf pfr he odbkdoeo aujeke, he dbuehoeo y he hdgnrteo

pnrsfkeh, prfpd`dekof he dk`husdðk sf`deh, y snktåkofsn sfgrn he gesn
on ontnrjdkeofs prdk`dpdfs3 vdoe dkonpnkodnktn, kf ods`rdjdke`dðk,
e``nsdgdhdoeo ukdvnrseh, kfrjehdze`dðk onh nktfrkf, odåhfbf `dvdh,

nktrn ftrfs. ]ertnyon

uke `fkstru``dðk uk he prnjdse
jfof on qun he
on fprnsdðk ods`epe`doeo
sf`deh, ns nkon
y nh rnsuhteof pertn
uke
sf`dnoeo qun kf `fksdonre kd tdnkn prnsnktn e hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo. Esdjdsjf, epukte e he eutfkfjêe on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo pere on`dodr rnspn`tf on su prfpde vdoe, y pere nhhf sn
`nktre nk he nhdjdke`dðk on `uehqudnr tdpf on gerrnre, e hfs ldkns on
grdkoer uke eon`ueoe nqudpere`dðk on fpfrtukdoeons> 

DD  ‐  @E]E@DOEO C^WÊOD@E T ODP@E]E@DOEO NK HE @FK\NK@DÐK

PFGWN HFP ONWN@AFP ON HEP ]NWPFKEP @FK ODP@E]E@DOEO
@O]O.
Nh 50 on od`dnjgrn on 7==< sn eprfgð he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh
sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo, ehbf hhejetdvf
sfgrn nste `fkvnk`dðk ns qun lun hdonreoe prn`dsejnktn pfr
frbekdze`dfkns rnprnsnkteoes pfr pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo,
sdnkof he Ehdekze Dktnrke`dfkeh on Ods`epe`doeo (DOE, pfr sus sdbhes
nk dkbhäs) qudnk nxprnsf nk nh eõf 7=== su `fjprfjdsf on hu`aer pfr
he nhegfre`dðk on uk _reteof dktnrke`dfkeh qun prftnbdnre hfs
onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo. Nk he rnoe``dðk y
ertd`uhe`dðk onh tnxtf pertd`dperfk ehrnonofr on <= frbekdze`dfkns e
kdvnh dktnrke`dfkeh dktnbreoes pfr pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, sdnkof
uke brek vd`tfrde pere nste `fjukdoeo.
He @fkvnk`dðk rnbuhe uk jer`f on jnodoes tnkodnktns e prfjfvnr,
prftnbnr y esnburer e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo nh bf`n phnkf y
nk `fkod`dfkns on dbuehoeo on tfofs hfs onrn`afs aujekfs y

>
 Dgdonj
 

hdgnrteons lukoejnktehns. ]ere nhhf ebrupe `dk`f åjgdtfs bnkärd`fs3

onrn`afs on dbuehoeo, onrn`afs on prftn``dðk nk sdtue`dfkns on
nspn`deh vuhknregdhdoeo, onrn`afs on hdgnrteo y eutfkfjêe pnrsfkeh,
onrn`afs on pertd`dpe`dðk, y onrn`afs sf`dehns gåsd`fs < 

E pertdr on he `fkvnk`dðk hes Ke`dfkns ^kdoes ae vnkdof rnspehoekof

nh `ejgdf onh jfonhf rnaegdhdteofr ae`de uke pnrspn`tdve sfgrn he
ods`epe`doeo geseoe nk hfs onrn`afs aujekfs (Jfonhf Pf`deh). Nstf
ns juy djpfrtektn oeof qun nstn rnspehof on Ke`dfkns ^kdoes ae
tnkdof dkcnrnk`de nk he kfrjetdvdoeo on peêsns e kdvnh bhfgeh (Nsteofs
pertn).
Pn ongn onste`er qun e kdvnh on he `fkvnk`dðk rnehjnktn sn ae
`fksdonreof e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo `fjf tdtuherns on
onrn`afs y kf `fjf jnrf fgcntf on pfhêtd`es on gnknld`nk`de. Nstf
ns juy djpfrtektn tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun sn ae rnbhejnkteof e
levfr on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo nk `ehdoeo on rn`husfs,
vftektns, njphneofs, jdnjgrfs on uke lejdhde, tdtuherns on e`tfs
 curêod`fs nt`.
^k ncnjphf hf nk`fktrejfs nk nh ]e`tf Dktnrke`dfkeh on Onrn`afs
@dvdhns y ]fhêtd`fs nh `ueh ns ephd`eghns e tfoes hes pnrsfkes, hf qun
nvdonktnjnktn dk`huyn e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo. Esê lun
dktnrprnteof pfr nh @fjdtä on Onrn`afs Aujekfs nk nh `esf
Aejdhtfk `. vs Cejed`e.
Ns djpfrtektn qun tfoes hes pnrsfkes tnkbek hfs jdsjfs onrn`afs
pfrqun tfofs sfjfs dbuehns y `epe`ns, tnkbejfs f kf uke
ods`epe`doeo, fgvdejnktn kf sn punon oncer on heof qun uke
pnrsfke `fk uke ods`epe`doeo tdnkn uke `fkkfte`dðk nspn`deh, pnrf

<
 @lr. ]EHE@DFP, E. y GEWDLLD, L., He ods`epe`doeo `fjf uke `unstdðk on onrn`afs aujekfs.
^ke eprfxdje`dðk e he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes
`fk Ods`epe`doeo, @dk`e, Jeordo, 7==2.
 

pere nhhf sn aek `rneof hfs hhejeofs ‘ecustns rezfkeghns‚.

rezfkeghns‚. Nstf
tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun hf qun ongnr snr rnaegdhdteof, jfodld`eof, f
ecusteof, kf sfk hes pnrsfkes, sdkf hfs nktfrkfs nk ofkon nhhes sn
dk`frpfrek.

^k ncnjphf `herf on nhhf, sfk hes nktdoeons y njprnses qun aek

eon`ueof rejpes on e``nsf f es`nksfrns pere pnrsfkes `fk
jfvdhdoeo rnou`does nk sus dkstehe`dfkns lêsd`es, nstfs ecustns
rezfkeghns pnrjdtnk qun uke pnrsfke `fk nste ods`epe`doeo punonk
hhnver uke vdoe kfrjeh, dr e uk `nktrf `fjnr`deh, dr e `dkn, rnehdzer uk
tråjdtn nk `uehqudnr nktdoeo, dr e he ukdvnrsdoeo, eh tregecf. @uekof
sn eon`uek hfs nktfrkfs on jeknre nld`ez e treväs on hfs ecustns
rezfkeghns, onsepern`nk hfs hdjdtektns sf`dehns y sn `rne uke

vnroeonre dbuehoeo nktrn tfoes hes pnrsfkes.

DDD ‐ @E]E@DOEO C^WÊOD@E T ODP@E]E@DOEO NK HE KFWJE_D\DOEO
@FHFJGDEKE.
He `epe`doeo, nk snktdof bnknreh, `fksdstn nk he le`uhteo qun tdnkn
uke pnrsfke pere eoqudrdr onrn`afs y `fktrenr fghdbe`dfkns. On
e`unrof `fk nh ertê`uhf 5>=7 on he hny sustektdve `dvdh nse `epe`doeo
punon snr on bf`n f on ncnr`d`df.
He prdjnre ae`n rnlnrnk`de e he dofkndoeo pere snr sucntf on
onrn`afs y fghdbe`dfkns, on he `ueh bfzek tfoes hes pnrsfkes, pfr hf
`ueh sn nrdbn `fjf ukf on hfs etrdgutfs on he pnrsfkehdoeo curêod`e9
eh pesf qun he snbukoe `fksdstn nk he aegdhdoeo qun he hny hns
rn`fkf`n pere ncnr`nr pfr sê jdsjes hfs onrn`afs on qun sfk
tdtuherns y `ujphdr `fk sus fghdbe`dfkns, sdk kn`nsdoeo on he
eutfrdze`dðk f jnode`dðk on ftres.
]fr hf tektf, he `epe`doeo ns he rnbhe bnknreh y pfr nhhf, tfof dkodvdouf
tdnkn `epe`doeo on bf`n9 nk `uektf e he `epe`doeo on ncnr`d`df,
rnqudsdtf pere he vehdonz on uke on`here`dðk on vfhukteo, nk prdk`dpdf,
 

tejgdäk he tdnknk tfoes hes pnrsfkes, sehvf equnhhes e hes qun he hny
on`hern dk`epe`ns, snbók hf prnvdnkn nh ertê`uhf 5>=0 onh Nstetutf
@dvdh (@PC P_@5?>47-7=5>, 77 f`t. 7=5>, reo, 7=5>-=7?7<-==).
He hny 544< onh 7=54 nk su ertê`uhf >2 jfodld`f nh ertê`uhf 5>=? onh
@ðodbf @dvdh nsteghn`dnkof `fjf egsfhutejnktn dk`epe`ns sfhf e hf
djpógnrns. @fk nste jfodld`e`dðk, y epfyeofs nk nh ertê`uhf < on he
jnk`dfkeoe hny tfoes hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo sfk sucntfs on
onrn`af y fghdbe`dfkns, y tdnknk `epe`doeo hnbeh nk dbuehoeo on
`fkod`dfkns, sdk odstdk`dðk ehbuke n dkonpnkodnktnjnktn on sd usek
f kf epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs.
Nk rnsujnk, nk @fhfjgde hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo ye kf sfk
dk`epe`ns.

D\- ODP]FPD@DFKNP BNKNWEHNP HNT 544< ONH 7=54.

5- Nh fgcntf
Nh fgcntf on he hny 544< onh 7=54 qun sn nk`unktre `fksebreof nk nh
ertê`uhf prdjnrf on he jnk`dfkeoe hny y sfk ofs e segnr3
s egnr3
E- Nsteghn`nr jnodoes pere he berektêe onh onrn`af e he `epe`doeo
hnbeh phnke on hes
h es pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo3
ods`epe`doeo3 Nh dk`dsf 7 onh ertê`uhf
5>=7 onh @ðodbf @dvdh nsteghn`n qun ‘he `epe`doeo hnbeh on uke
pnrsfke `fksdstn nk pfonrsn fghdber pfr sê jdsje, y sdk nh jdkdstnrdf
f he eutfrdze`dðk on ftre‚ rn`fronjfs
rn`fronjfs qun nk kunstre kfrjetdvdoeo
tfoe pnrsfke ns hnbehjnktn `epez nx`nptf equnhhes qun he hny
on`hern dk`epe`ns2, y he hnbdshe`dðk ektnrdfr nsteghn`êe qun nrek
`fksdonreofs dk`epe`ns egsfhutfs hfs onjnktns, hfs djpógnrns y
sfrofjuofs qun kf punoek oersn e nktnkonr1, `fk`nptf qun
`ejgdf ongdof e he jfodld`e`dðk qun adzf nh ertê`uhf >? on he hny 544<

2 Ertê`uhf 5>=0 onh @ðodbf @dvdh

1
 Ertê`uhf 5>=? onh `ðodbf `dvdh tnxtf ektnrdfr e he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he hny 54=< onh 7=54
 

onh 7=54 eh ertê`uhf 5>=? onh `ðodbf `dvdh, y on eafre nk eonhektn sn

nktnkonråk `fjf dk`epe`ns egsfhutfs sfhf hfs djpógnrns.
Nh an`af on oerhn prnsuk`dðk on `epe`doeo hnbeh nk dbuehoeo on
`fkod`dfkns e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo y ae`nrhes sucntfs on
onrn`afs y fghdbe`dfkns4 ns he berektêe jås djpfrtektn qun kfs tren
nste hny pere nh ncnr`d`df on `epe`doeo hnbeh, nh `ueh sn `fjphnjnkte
`fk hes anrrejdnktes prfpdes on nste hny `fjf hf sfk hfs e`unrof on
epfyfs, odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes y eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf, esê
`fjf ftres anrrejdnktes qun kf kfs jnk`dfke texetdvejnktn he
prnsnktn hny, pnrf kfs sdrvnk pere berektdzer he vfhukteo on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute grdkoekof uke prftn``dðk e su
petrdjfkdf.

g- E``nsf e hfs epfyfs qun punoek rnqunrdrsn pere nh ncnr`d`df on

he `epe`doeo hnbeh3 Pn prnsujdrå he `epe`doeo hnbeh on hes pnrsfkes
`fk ods`epe`doeo euk `uekof usn epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs
 curêod`fs, e odlnrnk`de on he ektnrdfr kfrjetdvdoeo qun hfs
bueroeofrns tfjegek on`dsdfkns suphektekof esê he `epe`doeo hnbeh
on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo y e`tuekof nk `fktre vêe on he
vfhukteo on he pnrsfke, he kunve kfrjetdvdoeo nsteghn`n ukfs
epfyfs qun buderek e he pnrsfke e tfjer uke on`dsdðk, nstn epfyf,

nk sus trns jfoehdoeons

jfoehdoeons on esdbke`dðk, e`unrof on epfyfs, odrn`tdves
ektd`dpeoes y eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh snrå onsdbkeof pfr he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo, y sfhf on jeknre nx`np`dfkeh uk tnr`nrf pforå
sfhd`dter e uk cunz he esdbke`dðk on uk epfyf cuod`deh, qun sn oe sfhf
nk hfs `esfs on dk`epe`doeo egsfhute (nsteof on `fje, onjnk`de
tfteh nt`.) rnspntekof sdnjprn he vfhukteo on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo, ¶y `fjf sn `fkf`n he vfhukteo on ehbudnk qun kf
punon jekdlnsterhe6 Ns sdjphn, nh cunz fronkere uke vehfre`dðk on

4
 Ertê`uhf < hny 544< onh 7=54
 

epfyf, nstf ns uk prflnsdfkeh psd`fsf`deh qun ongnrå nktrnvdster e

tfoes hes pnrsfkes `nr`ekes eh tdtuher onh onrn`af (pnrsfke qun sn
nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteof pere jekdlnster su
vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de) y on nste lfrje `fkf`nr su prfyn`tf on vdoe

pere esê nsteghn`nr

bfgdnrkf su vfhukteo
ke`dfkeh ongnrå `fklfrjn
nxpnodr( e ukfs
e he ln`ae prftf`fhfson
on pughd`e`dðk qun nh
nstn
hdgrf ‘5> on nknrf 
nknrf  7=75‚,
7=75‚, nh Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh `unkte `fk nh
gfrreofr on prftf`fhfs y he rnbhejnkte`dðk pnrf kf ae sdof nxpnodoe
euk).
7- Dktnrprnte`dðk
Dktnrprnte`dðk kfrjetdve3
He hny 50?< on 7==4 eprfgð he @fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes
pnrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo y he jdsje lun on`hereoe `fkstdtu`dfkeh

jnodektn
pertn esê snktnk`de
onh Ghfqun@-740 on 7=5= on he @frtn @fkstdtu`dfkeh
on @fkstdtu`dfkehdoeo, eonjås on qun sdnkof
lun
retdld`eoe nk nh 7=55 pfr nh Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh. ]fr hf ektnrdfr tfoe
dktnrprnte`dðk qun sn rnehd`n on he hny 544< onh 7=54 ongn ae`nrsn e
he huz on he `fkvnk`dðk ephd`ekof nh `fktrfh on `fkvnk`dfkehdoeo.
Nk nsn snktdof, hfs cun`ns `fhfjgdekfs eh rnsfhvnr uk prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf ongnk ae`nr su nstuodf e he huz on
@fkvnk`dðk on Ke`dfkns ^kdoes sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes

`fk Ods`epe`doeo, y hfs onjås pe`tfs, `fkvnkdfs y `fkvnk`dfkns

dktnrke`dfkehns sfgrn onrn`afs aujekfs eprfgeofs pfr @fhfjgde
qun dktnbrnk nh ghfqun on `fkstdtu`dfkehdoeo.
Hf ektnrdfr ns uk pesf juy djpfrtektn, y eonjås kfvnofsf, oeof
qun e he ln`ae sfhf hfs jebdstreofs on hes ehtes `frtns aek vnkdof
ephd`ekof nh `fktrfh on `fkvnk`dfkehdoeo nk ehbukfs esuktfs. @fk he
nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he prnsnktn hny, hfs tdtuherns on hfs cuzbeofs y
trdgukehns dktnrprnterek he hny `fklfrjn e he @fkvnk`dðk on
Ke`dfkns ^kdoes sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk
 

Ods`epe`doeo y hfs onjås pe`tfs, `fkvnkdfs y `fkvnk`dfkns

dktnrke`dfkehns sfgrn onrn`afs aujekfs eprfgeofs pfr @fhfjgde
qun dktnbrnk nh ghfqun on `fkstdtu`dfkehdoeo y he @fkstdtu`dðk
`fhfjgdeke.

Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter, qun pere nh Jebdstreof Huds Ehfksf Wd`f

]unrte5= ‘Pn tfrke dkkn`nserdf nk nh ncnr`d`df
ncn r`d`df curdsod``dfkeh `ftdodekf,
dk`hudr on lfrje bnkärd`e y eutfjåtd`e uke jnk`dðk sfgrn nh njphnf
onh onkfjdkeof `fktrfh on `fkvnk`dfkehdoeo‚  

]ere nh jebdstreof ‘Nh `fktrfh on `fkvnk`dfkehdoeo `fjpfrte uke

e`tdtuo on `fksdonre`dðk `fktdkue qun ongnrå e`nktuersn y
jekdlnstersn nxprnsejnktn, tek sfhf nk equnhhfs prfkuk`dejdnktfs
ofkon sn eovdnrte `fjprfjntdof f ejnkezeof nh nln`tf ótdh on he
`fkvnk`dðk, hf `ueh e`fktn`nrå nk hfs nvnktfs ofkon punoe vnrsn
jnrjeof f ekuheof pfr he ephd`e`dðk on hnyns `fktrerdes e sus
odspfsd`dfkns, fgcntf y ldk onh dkstrujnktf dktnrke`dfkeh f onh
nståkoer dktnrke`dfkeh on prftn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs aujekfs.‚  

]fr nh `fktrerdf, pere he sehe on `ese`dðk `dvdh `fk pfknk`de onh

Jebdstreof Huds Erjekof _fhfse \dhhegfke55 ‘Dksdstdr nk he ephd`e`dðk
onh `dteof `fktrfh y nsgfzer nh `fktnkdof on he @fkvnk`dðk
Dktnrejnrd`eke on Onrn`afs Aujekfs   hns pnrjdtn kf Pfhf e hes
,

eutfrdoeons `fkf`nr n dktnrdfrdzer hes fghdbe`dfkns `fktreêoes

dktnrke`dfkehjnktn（nk rnhe`dðk `fk nh rnspntf e hfs onrn`afs
aujekfs sdkf e he `duoeoekêe dklfrjersn nk tfrkf eh jåxdjf breof
,

on sehvebueroe on sus berektêes .

 Eonjås   ]rntnkon `fktrdgudr nk he lfrje`dðk on uke `fjukdoeo

,

bhfgeh  rnspntufse on hfs dkstrujnktfs dktnrke`dfkehns y on he

 

5= E`here`dðk on vftf snktnk`de P_@4?<-7=7=

55
 P_@4?<-7=7=
 

 prftn``dðk on hes  prnrrfbetdves lukoejnktehns nk nh jer`f onh

 

sdstnje ejnrd`ekf on onrn`afs aujekfs.‚

   

Nh dk`dsf snbukof onh ertê`uhf 7 on he hny 544< onh 7=54 nsteghn`n qun
kf pforå rnstrdkbdrsn f jnkfs`eger kdkbukf on hfs onrn`afs
rn`fkf`dofs y vdbnktns nk he hnbdshe`dðk dktnrke eou`dnkof qun he
prnsnktn hny kf hfs rn`fkf`n, nstf ns djpfrtektn, sd tnknjfs nk
`unkte qun he hny 544< kf jfodld`f kdkbók ertê`uhf onh @ðodbf on
`fjnr`df nk nh `ueh sn ae`êe rnlnrnk`de e he dk`epe`doeo egsfhute y
oncf vdbnktn ehbukfs ertê`uhfs on he hny 50=< onh 7==4, nk nsn fronk
on dones, nk he kfrjetdvdoeo vdbnktn qun kf lun jfodld`eoe y sn
prfaêge ehbók onrn`af e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, sn nktnkonrå
qun tdnkn prnvehnk`de he hny 544< onh 7=54, Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte

qun nh ertê`uhf >2 on he prnsnktn hny jfodld`f nh ertê`uhf 5>=? onh

@ðodbf @dvdh y onson he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de, sfhf snråk dk`epe`ns
egsfhutfs hfs djpógnrns, pfr hf qun, hfs onjnktns y sfrofjuofs ye
kf snråk dk`epe`ns egsfhutfs.
Onselfrtukeoejnktn nk he prå`td`e hfs cun`ns kf aek nsteof
ephd`ekof hf nsteghn`dof nk nh ertê`uhf 7 on he rnlnrdoe kfrje. ]fr nh
`fktrerdf, sn aek dkeojdtdof y rn`aezeof onjekoes gecf ukfs
erbujnktfs jås lfrjehdstes qun sustek`dehns, dk`huynkof rnqudsdtfs
pere he eojdsdðk on he onjekoe qun kd sdqudnre he
h e kfrje djpfkn.
Hfs cun`ns ongnk nktnkonr qun, nk nstn prf`nsf sus le`uhteons sn
esnjncek eh kdvnh on uk Cunz `fkstdtu`dfkeh, y sn ongn berektdzer e
tfoe `fste he `nhnrdoeo nk nstn tdpf on prf`nsfs pere berektdzer hfs
onrn`afs on nstes pnrsfkes qun `unktek `fk prftn``dðk
`fkstdtu`dfkeh, sfgrn tfof nk hfs prf`nsfs vnrgeh sujerdf, oeof qun,
nk hfs jdsjfs he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktre nk
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute. Kf ns oeghn nk nsn nvnktf djpfknr
rnqudsdtfs qun nh cunz punon fronker on fld`df nk he eojdsdðk on he
 

onjekoe, @fjf pfr ncnjphf nk ehbukfs `esfs sn dkeojdtn he

onjekoe, pfrqun he pnrsfke kf vdk`uhf e tfofs hfs lejdhderns jås
`nr`ekfs, `uekof lå`dhjnktn nh cunz punon eojdtdr he onjekoe y
fronker vdk`uher e tfofs hfs lejdhderns `nr`ekfs.

0- Onldkd`dfkns.
Onldkd`dfkns.
He hny 544< kfs tren ukes onldkd`dfkns qun sn ongnk tnknr nk `unkte
pere `fjprnkonr on uke jncfr lfrje he hny3
e- E`tfs curêod`fs.
curêod`fs. Ns tfoe jekdlnste`dðk on he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des on uke pnrsfke nk`ejdkeoe e prfou`dr nln`tfs
 curêod`fs.
Nktrn hfs e`tfs curêod`fs jås `fjukns nk`fktrejfs hfs `fktretfs on
`fjprevnkte, jetrdjfkdf,
jetrdjfkdf, odvfr`df, errnkoejdnktf, jekoetf nt`.
g. E`tfs curêod`fs `fk epfyfs.
epfyfs . Pfk equnhhfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun sn
rnehdzek pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf utdhdzekof ehbók tdpf on epfyf
lfrjeh.
@fjf sn nxphd`erå ukfs `epêtuhfs eonhektn, ehbukes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo punonk kn`nsdter on uk epfyf lfrjeh pere rnehdzer pfr
ncnjphf uke `fjprevnkte, ye sne pfrqun kn`nsdtn oersn e nktnkonr,
f nktnkonr hes `fksn`unk`des curêod`es onh e`tf nktrn ftres rezfkns.
`. _dtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
curêod`f. Ns he pnrsfke, jeyfr on noeo, `uye
vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des sn jekdldnstek nk uk e`tf curêod`f
ontnrjdkeof.
Ns he pnrsfke qun tdnkn nh dktnräs hnbêtdjf pere e`tuer.
o. Epfyfs.
Epfyfs. sfk tdpfs on esdstnk`de qun sn prnstek e he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo pere le`dhdter nh ncnr`d`df on su `epe`doeo hnbeh.
Onpnkodnkof nh tdpf on ods`epe`doeo qun tnkbe he pnrsfke, esê snrå
su epfyf, sd he pnrsfke tdnkn uke ods`epe`doeo euodtdve, sn punon
 

dk`hudr uke esdstnk`de on `fjukd`e`dðk e`fron e nhhf, pfr ncnjphf,

uke pnrsfke qun jekncn nh hnkbuecn on snões, on dbueh jeknre
punon `fjprnkonr uke esdstnk`de pere he `fjprnksdðk on e`tfs
 curêod`fs y sus `fksn`unk`des.

n. Epfyfs lfrjehns.
lfrjehns. Pfk equnhhfs epfyfs qun aek sdof lfrjehdzeofs
ye sne jnodektn uke snktnk`de cuod`deh, ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on
`fk`dhde`dðk.
Nstfs epfyfs lfrjehns gus`ek le`dhdter y berektdzer nh prf`nsf on
tfje on on`dsdfkns f nh rn`fkf`djdnktf on uke vfhukteo nxprnseoe
on jeknre ektd`dpeoe, pfr pertn onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f
ontnrjdkeof.
l. Ecustns rezfkeghns. Pfk
rezfkeghns. Pfk equnhhes jfodld`e`dfkns y eoepte`dfkns
qun kf djpfkbek uke `erbe onsprfpfr`dfkeoe f dkongdoe, `uekof
sn rnqudnrek nk uk `esf pertd`uher, pere berektdzer e hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo nh bf`n f ncnr`d`df, nk dbuehoeo on `fkod`dfkns qun hes
onjås, on tfofs hfs onrn`afs aujekfs y hdgnrteons lukoejnktehns.
Hes nktdoeons póghd`es y prdveoes ongnk rnehdzer ecustns rezfkeghns
prdjfrodehjnktn nk su dklrenstru`ture pere berektdzer nh e``nsf on
hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, pfr ncnjphf, rejpes pere hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo on jfvdhdoeo, pnrf eonjås eon`uer nh
snrvd`df `fk pnrsfkeh `epe`dteof pere etnkonr hfs odlnrnktns tdpfs on
ods`epe`doeo, nstf ns djphnjnkter nh sdstnje on hn`ture gredhhn, uk
dktärprntn on hnkbuecn on snões, nktrn ftrfs.
Hfs ecustns rezfkeghns, ns qudzås nh pdher onh jfonhf sf`deh qun sn
gus`e sne djphnjnkteof e luturf nk hfs nsteofs pertns,
onselfrtukeoejnktn
onselfrtukeoej nktn he hny 544< onh 7=54 kf hn oe he djpfrtek`de qun
jnrn`n e nstn êtnj, e jd `fksdonre`dðk he hny sn qunoe `frte, nh

hnbdsheofr
sfgrn hfs kf nktnkodð
onrn`afs onnhhes
snktdr on he `fkvnk`dðk
pnrsfkes on Ke`dfkns
`fk ods`epe`doeo. He hny^kdoes
544<
 

`rnf `fjf anrrejdnktes prdk`dpehns hfs e`unrofs on epfyfs y he

eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf, pere qun hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo hes usnk nk su oêe e oêe. @uekof nh snktdr on he
`fkvnk`dðk ns qun nstes anrrejdnktes snek sn`ukoerdes y sfhf snek

useoes on jeknre
eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf.nx`np`dfkeh,
He rezðk on tektf
nstf nshfs
juye`unrofs `fjf he
snk`dhhe, tfjnjfs
`fjf ncnjphf uke @åjere on @fjnr`df, sd nste nktdoeo `unkte `fk
rejpes on e``nsf, dktnrprntn on snões, sdstnje gredhhn, uk sdstnje
on etnk`dðk prnlnrnk`deh pere hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo,
pnrsfkeh `epe`dteof pere etnkonr uke pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo
vdsueh, euodtdve, on jfvdhdoeo Nt`. ^ke pnrsfke `fk uke ods`epe`doeo
odbejfs euodtdve, punon e`uodr sdk kdkbók prfghnje e he @åjere
@ åjere on
@fjnr`df e rnehdzer sus tråjdtns sdk `fkter `fk kdkbók epfyf.
Ns pfr nhhf pfr hf qun he hny ongnrêe dr jås nklf`eoe nk fronker he
djphnjnkte`dðk on hfs ecustns rezfkeghns nk hes odlnrnktns
nktdoeons póghd`f f prdveoes, pnrf kf sfhf nsf, eonjås ongn dr
e`fjpeõeof on ukes lunrtns pfhêtd`es póghd`es, hf qun `fkhhnverêe uk
brek bestf póghd`f, hf qun on snburf ns he rezðk pfr he qun nh
hnbdsheofr fptf pfr nxpnodr he hny prdfrdzekof hfs e`unrofs on epfyfs
y he eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf pfr nk`dje on hfs ecustns rezfkeghns.

b. \ehfre`dðk on epfyfs.
epfyfs. Ns nh prf`nsf qun sn rnehdze, `fk gesn nk
nståkoerns tä`kd`fs, qun tdnkn `fjf ldkehdoeo ontnrjdker `uåhns
`uå hns sfk
hfs epfyfs lfrjehns qun rnqudnrn uke pnrsfke pere tfjer on`dsdfkns
rnhe`dfkeoes `fk nh ncnr`d`df on su `epe`doeo hnbeh.
Nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh pfr dktnrjnodf on he @fksncnrêe ]ere he
]ertd`dpe`dðk on hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo nktn rn`tfr onh
Pdstnje Ke`dfkeh on Ods`epe`doeo ‐
Ods`epe`doeo ‐ PKO
 PKO ns nh nk`erbeof on lfrjuher
nh prftf`fhf pere he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs, pfr nh `ueh ongnk budersn
hes nktdoeons póghd`es y prdveoes qun hfs djphnjnkterek.
 

E he ln`ae on he pughd`e`dðk on nstn hdgrf (5> on nknrf onh 7=75) nh

Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh `unkte `fk nh gfrreofr on hfs prftf`fhfs pere he
vehfre`dðk on epfyfs, pnrf kf ae sdof eprfgeof, euk, `uekof nh
phezf pere nh jdsjf nre nk nh jns on ebfstf onh 7=7=.

a. @fjukd`e`dðk. 
@fjukd`e`dðk.  Nh `fk`nptf on `fjukd`e`dðk sn utdhdzerå nk he
prnsnktn hny pere dk`hudr sus odstdktes lfrjes, dk`huynkof pnrf kf
hdjdteof e, he hnkbue on snões `fhfjgdeke, he vdsuehdze`dðk on tnxtfs,
nh gredhhn, he `fjukd`e`dðk tå`tdh, hfs je`rftdpfs, hfs odspfsdtdvfs
juhtdjnode on lå`dh e``nsf, esê `fjf nh hnkbuecn ns`rdtf, hfs sdstnjes
euodtdvfs, nh hnkbuecn snk`dhhf, hfs jnodfs on vfz odbdtehdzeoe y ftrfs
jfofs, jnodfs y lfrjetfs eujnktetdvfs f ehtnrketdvfs on
`fjukd`e`dðk, dk`hudoe he tn`kfhfbêe on he dklfrje`dðk y hes

`fjukd`e`dfkns on lå`dh e``nsf.

^ke on hes hdjdte`dfkns jås `fjukns qun hn djpfkn he sf`dnoeo e hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, onspuäs onh e``nsf e he dklrenstru`ture,
ns nh e``nsf e he `fjukd`e`dðk, ns pfr nsf qun uke on hes hu`aes jås
brekon ns hfbrer qun hes odlnrnktns nktdoeons póghd`fs y prdveoes
djphnjnktnk hes odlnrnktns anrrejdnktes qun eyuonk e hfbrer he
`fjukd`e`dðk on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo qun tdnknk nste
odld`uhteo, on nste jeknre, sn punon hfbrer qun hes pnrsfkes punoek

e``nonr e nstes nktdoeons dk`husf, sdk kdkbók tdpf on epfyf lfrjeh.

d. @fklhd`tf on dktnräs. 
dktnräs.  Pdtue`dðk nk he `ueh uk dktnräs hegfreh,
pnrsfkeh, prflnsdfkeh, lejdhder f on knbf`dfs on uke pnrsfke, punon
hhnber e eln`ter nh onsnjpnõf y/f hes on`dsdfkns djper`dehns y
fgcntdves on sus luk`dfkns
Nh `fklhd`tf on dktnrnsns ns djpfrtektn pere qun, nk uk prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs lfrjehns, sn punoe nsteghn`nr qun pnrsfkes
nståk dkaegdhdteoes pere snrvdr `fjf epfyf, nstf ns, hes pnrsfkes qun
tdnknk `fklhd`tf on dktnräs `fk nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
 

?- ]rdk`dpdfs.
@fk nh ldk on berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh on hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, he hny 544< onh 7=54 ongn budersn pfr hfs
sdbudnktns prdk`dpdfs nk `fk`froek`de `fk hfs onjås prdk`dpdfs

nsteghn`dofs nk he @fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes

`fk Ods`epe`doeo3
e- Odbkdoeo.
Odbkdoeo. Nk tfoes hes e`tue`dfkns sn fgsnrverå nh rnspntf pfr he
odbkdoeo dkanrnktn e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo `fjf snr aujekf.
He odbkdoeo ns nh vehfr sdk prn`df qun tfofs tnknjfs, nste odbkdoeo
ns dkanrnktn e tfoes hes pnrsfkes onson su ke`djdnktf aeste nh oêe
on su junrtn, y ongn snr berektdzeoe y rnspnteoe sdk djpfrter qun he
pnrsfke tnkbe uke ods`epe`doeo.
g- Eutfkfjêe. Nk
Eutfkfjêe. Nk tfoes hes e`tue`dfkns sn rnspnterå nh onrn`af on
hes pnrsfkes e eutfontnrjdkersn, e tfjer sus prfpdes on`dsdfkns, e
nqudvf`ersn, e su dkonpnkonk`de y eh hdgrn onserrfhhf on he
pnrsfkehdoeo `fklfrjn e he vfhukteo, onsnfs y prnlnrnk`des prfpdes,
sdnjprn y `uekof nstfs, kf snek `fktrerdfs e he @fkstdtu`dðk, e he hny,
y e hfs rnbhejnktfs dktnrkfs qun rdbnk hes nktdoeons póghd`es y
prdveoes.
He eutfkfjêe ns nster e `erbf on he prfpde vdoe y tnknr he jêkdje
dktnrlnrnk`de nk su vdoe prdveoe pere tfjer sus prfpdes on`dsdfkns,
`fk epfyfs (qun ongnk snr nx`np`dfkehns) nk hfs `esfs kn`nserdfs.
`. ]rdje`êe on he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f.
curêod`f. Hfs epfyfs utdhdzeofs pere `nhngrer uk e`tf curêod`f
ongnråk sdnjprn rnspfkonr e he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh jdsjf.
Nk eres onh prdk`dpdf on eutfkfjêe hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo
snråk hfs qun nhdcek e sus epfyfs, qun punon snr ukf f verdfs snbók
 

hf `fksdonrn, y punonk snr lfrjehdzeofs jnodektn snktnk`de cuod`deh,

ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on `fk`dhde`dðk.
Pfhf on jeknre nx`np`dfkeh, nk hfs `esfs nk hfs qun he pnrsfke sn
nk`unktre nk nsteof on dk`epe`doeo egsfhute (nsteof on `fje nt`.),
y kf ns pfsdghn nsteghn`nr he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke
on lfrje dknquêvf`e. Jnodektn uk prf`nsf cuod`deh dkd`deof pfr uk
tnr`nrf `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf, pfr jnodf on uke vehfre`dðk on epfyf
nk he `ueh sn userå nh `rdtnrdf on he jncfr dktnrprnte`dðk on he
vfhukteo, qun sn nsteghn`nrå `fk gesn nk he treyn`tfrde on vdoe on he
pnrsfke, prnvdes jekdlnste`dfkns on he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des nk
ftrfs `fktnxtfs, dklfrje`dðk `fk he qun `unktnk pnrsfkes on
`fkldekze, he `fksdonre`dðk on sus prnlnrnk`des, bustfs n adstfrde

`fkf`doe, kunves tn`kfhfbêes odspfkdghns nk nh tdnjpf, y `uehqudnr

ftre `fksdonre`dðk, sn onsdbkere nh epfyf lfrjeh, y he vfhukteo on he
pnrsfke tnkdnkof nk `unkte tfofs hfs oetfs rn`fhn`teof.
o. Kf ods`rdjdke`dðk. Nk
ods`rdjdke`dðk. Nk tfoes hes e`tue`dfkns sn fgsnrverå uk tretf
dbuehdterdf e tfoes hes pnrsfkes sdk ods`rdjdke`dðk pfr kdkbók jftdvf,
dk`huynkof reze ntkde, rnhdbdðk, `rnof, frdnkte`dðk snxueh, bnknrf n
donktdoeo on bäknrf f ods`epe`doeo.
Nh prdk`dpdf on kf ods`rdjdke`dðk sn ae vunhtf dkodspnkseghn nk tfofs
hfs treteofs on onrn`afs aujekfs, he ods`rdjdke`dðk ae nsteof
hetnktn nk hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo e hf herbf on he aujekdoeo,
prnsnktn on jeknre `fkstektn nk nh jfonhf on prns`dkonk`de y
rnaegdhdteofr.
Nxdstn uke ods`rdjdke`dðk f`uhte, qun ns he qun sn gus`e e`eger `fk
nh jfonhf sf`deh, nste ods`rdjdke`dðk kf ns jås qun hes hdjdte`dfkns
qun djpfkn he sf`dnoeo e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, nh kf tnknr
uk e``nsf `fk rejpes, uk sdstnje gredhhn, ehbudnk qun jekncn nh
 

hnkbuecn on snões, ns uke ods`rdjdke`dðk on jeknre f`uhte, nh `ueh sn

gus`e nrreod`er `fk nh usf on hfs ecustns rezfkeghns.
r ezfkeghns.
n. E``nsdgdhdoeo. 
E``nsdgdhdoeo.  Nk tfoes hes e`tue`dfkns, sn donktdld`eråk y
nhdjdkeråk equnhhfs fgstå`uhfs y gerrnres qun djpfsdgdhdtnk f
odld`uhtnk nh e``nsf e ukf f verdfs on hfs snrvd`dfs y onrn`afs
`fksebreofs nk he hny 544< onh 7=54.
He e``nsdgdhdoeo ns uk prdk`dpdf treksvnrseh, eh dbueh qun he
`fjukd`e`dðk, ae`nk pertn on hfs prdk`dpdfs qun hfbrek uke
vnroeonre dbuehoeo y kf ods`rdjdke`dðk on hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo. Berektdzer he e``nsdgdhdoeo ns pnrjdtdr qun hes
h es pnrsfkes
`fk ods`epe`doeo punoek vdvdr nk lfrje dkonpnkodnktn, sfgrn tfof
nk nh nktfrkf lêsd`f, qun `fkhhnve nh e``nsf e nodld`dfs, trekspfrtn
póghd`f, vêe póghd`e, nspn`tå`uhfs póghd`fs nt`.
l. Dbuehoeo on fpfrtukdoeons.
fpfrtukdoeons. Nk tfoes hes e`tue`dfkns sn ongnrå
gus`er he rnjf`dðk on fgstå`uhfs f gerrnres qun bnknrnk
onsdbuehoeons on an`af qun sn fpfkbek eh phnkf odslrutn on hfs
onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo.
Eukqun pernz`e pereoðcd`f treter `fk dbuehoeo e tfoes hes pnrsfkes,
ns onsdbueh, pfr nsf nh prdk`dpdf kf ns onrn`af e he dbuehoeo, sd kf, e

he dbuehoeo ontnkbe
ods`epe`doeo fpfrtukdoeons,
hes jdsjespuns sn gus`e qun
fpfrtukdoeons onuke pnrsfke
odslruter on `fk
sus
onrn`afs.
b. @nhnrdoeo. Hes
@nhnrdoeo. Hes pnrsfkes qun sfhd`dtek epfyfs lfrjehns pere tfjer
on`dsdfkns curêod`ejnktn vdk`uhektns tdnknk onrn`af e e``nonr e
nstfs sdk odhe`dfkns dkcustdld`eoes, pfr hf qun hfs tråjdtns prnvdstfs
nk he prnsnktn hny ongnråk tnknr uke oure`dðk rezfkeghn y sn
fgsnrveråk hfs tärjdkfs prf`nsehns `fk odhdbnk`de.
 

Nk uk sdstnje cuod`deh `fjf nh kunstrf `fhepseof on tutnhes qun

tdnknk trejdtn prnlnrnktns, nh prdk`dpdf on `nhnrdoeo snrå uk brek
rntf pere nh sdstnje cuod`deh.
>- @rdtnrdfs pere nsteghn`nr sehvebuerod
sehvebuerodes.
es.
Hes sehvebuerodes kf sfk jås qun hes jnodoes nln`tdves pere nh
ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh, nstf ns, hfs epfyfs, ye snek ns`fbdofs
n s`fbdofs
pfr nh tdtuher onh onrn`af on jeknre vfhukterde jnodektn snktnk`de
 cuod`deh, ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on `fk`dhde`dðk f eocuod`eofs on
jeknre nx`np`dfkeh nk snktnk`de cuod`deh dkd`deoe pfr uk tnr`nrf `fk
dktnräs hnbêtdjf. Hfs epfyfs ongnk sdnjprn berektdzer he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f y ongnråk rnbdrsn
pfr hfs sdbudnktns `rdtnrdfs3

e- Kn`nsdoeo. Aegrå
Kn`nsdoeo. Aegrå huber e hfs epfyfs sfhf nk hfs `esfs nk qun he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f hfs sfhd`dtn jnodektn snktnk`de
 cuod`deh, ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on `fk`dhde`dðk, y sfhf on jeknre
nx`np`dfkeh nk hfs qun, euk onspuäs on aegnr ebfteof tfofs hfs
ecustns rezfkeghns odspfkdghns y jnodoes on epfyf, kf sne pfsdghn
nsteghn`nr on lfrje dknquêvf`e he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
g. @frrnspfkonk`de. 
@frrnspfkonk`de.  Hfs epfyfs qun sn prnstnk pere tfjer
on`dsdfkns ongnk `frrnspfkonr e hes `dr`ukstek`des nspn`êld`es on
`eoe pnrsfke.
Nstf ns uk brek `ejgdf `fk rnspn`tf
rns pn`tf eh jfonhf rnaegdhdteofr, qun sn
esdbkege e uk bueroeofr pere tfoes hes on`dsdfkns on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo, nk nh kunvf jfonhf sf`deh, hfs epfyfs sfhf snråk pere
`dnrtes on`dsdfkns, pfr ncnjphf, he pnrsfke onsne `fktrenr
jetrdjfkdf y kn`nsdte uk epfyf pere tfjer nse on`dsdðk, nh epfyf
snrå sfhf pere nsn `esf.
 

He pnrsfke punon onsdbker verdfs epfyfs pere odlnrnktns

`dr`ukstek`des nspn`êld`es, nstf ns, uk epfyf pere on`dsdfkns
n`fkðjd`es, ftrf pere on`dsdfkns on sehuo, on`dsdfkns hegfrehns,
prflnsdfkeh, on nou`e`dðk nt`.

`. Oure`dðk. 
Oure`dðk.  Hfs epfyfs utdhdzeofs pere `nhngrer uk ontnrjdkeof
e`tf curêod`f ongnråk snr dkstdtudofs pfr pnrêfofs on tdnjpf
onldkdofs y pforåk snr prfrrfbeofs onpnkodnkof on hes kn`nsdoeons
on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh jdsjf. Kdkbók epfyf pforå nsteghn`nrsn
pfr pnrêfofs supnrdfrns e hfs nsteghn`dofs nk he hny 544< onh 7=54.
Hfs epfyfs onsdbkeofs pfr jnodf on ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on
`fk`dhde`dðk tnkoråk uke oure`dðk on > eõfs.
Hfs epfyfs eocuod`eofs nk snktnk`de cuod`deh eh tärjdkf on `eoe eõf
onson he ncn`utfrde on he snktnk`de on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs
ongnråk rnehdzer uk gehek`n nk nh `ueh sn nxadgdrå e he pnrsfke tdtuher
on hfs e`tfs ncn`uteofs y eh Cunz nh tdpf on epfyf qun prnstð, hes
rezfkns qun jftdverfk he lfrje nk qun prnstð nh epfyf y he
pnrsdstnk`de on uke rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze nktrn he pnrsfke on epfyf
y nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
o. Djper`dehdoeo. He
Djper`dehdoeo. He pnrsfke f pnrsfkes qun prnstnk epfyf pere he

rnehdze`dðk
rnhe`dðk `fkon e`tfse`tfs.
od`afs curêod`fs ongnk fgrer on jeknre n`uåkdjn nk

Hf ektnrdfr sdbkdld`e qun hfs epfyfs ongnk rnspnter hfs prdk`dpdfs

gåsd`fs on he hny 544< onh 7=54 nk nspn`deh nh on eutfkfjêe y
prdje`êe on he vfhukteo on hes pnrsfkes tdtuherns onh e`tf curêod`f,
nstf dk`husf, `uekof nh epfyf `fksdonrn qun ongn e`tuer on ftre
lfrje pfrqun `fksdonrn qun punon `f `fjntnr
jntnr uk nrrfr, nk nstfsnstfs
nvnktfs, nh epfyf sfhf ongnrå jfstrerhn hes `fksn`unk`des curêod`es

on su
nsn on`dsdðk,
rdnsbf pnrf,ongnrå
nh epfyf sd he pnrsfke
rnspnter`fk
nseods`epe`doeo qudnrntnknr
on`dsdðk, sn ongn esujdr
nk
 

`unkte qun hfs epfyfs kf rnspfkonk pfr hfs e`tfs on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo, qudnk rnspfkonrå onson nh åjgdtf pnkeh y `dvdh ns nh
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, e jnkfs qun, nh epfyf ncnrze dklhunk`de
dkongdoe, nstf ns qun usn nh jdnof, ebrnsdðk, ejnkeze, nkbeõf f

jekdpuhe`dðk
ods`epe`doeo, nkpere
nstfsdklnrdr
`esfs nhnkepfyf
he on`dsdðk on nkhenhpnrsfke
rnspfkonrå `fk
åjgdtf pnkeh
f `dvdh snbók sne nh `esf.
< ‐ ]rnsuk`dðk on `epe`doeo
^kf on hfs `ejgdfs jås djpfrtektns qun `fksebrf he hny 544< onh
7=54 ns he nsteghn`doe nk nh ertê`uhf < qun e su tnkfr od`n3
‘]rnsuk`dðk on `epe`doeo _foes hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo
sfk sucntfs on onrn`af y fghdbe`dfkns, y tdnknk `epe`doeo hnbeh
nk dbuehoeo on `fkod`dfkns, sdk odstdk`dðk ehbuke n
dkonpnkodnktnjnktn on sd usek f kf epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk
on e`tfs curêod`fs.‚ 
curêod`fs.‚ 
He hny kfs od`n qun he `epe`doeo hnbeh on uke pnrsfke `fksdstn nk
pfonrsn fghdber pfr sê jdsje, y sdk nh jdkdstnrdf f eutfrdze`dðk on
ftre57, y e su vnz kfs od`n qun tfoe pnrsfke ns hnbehjnktn `epez,
nx`nptf equnhhes qun he hny on`here dk`epe`ns50, y ektns on he nktreoe
nk vdbnk`de he hny 544< kfs on`êe qun nrek egsfhutejnktn dk`epe`ns
hfs onjnktns, hfs djpógnrns y sfrofjuofs qun kf puodnrek oersn e
nktnkonr5?.
Nste odspfsd`dðk nstuvf rdbdnkof aeste he nktreoe nk vdbfr on he hny
544< onh 7=54 qun nk su ertê`uhf >2 jfodld`f nh ertê`uhf 5>=? onh
`ðodbf `dvdh nh `ueh qunof esê3

57
 Ertê`uhf 5>=7 `ðodbf `dvdh
50
 Ertd`uhf 5>=0 dgdonj
5?
 Ertd`uhf 5>=? dgdonj
 

"Ertê`uhf 5>=?. Dk`epe`doeo egsfhute y rnhetdve. Pfk

egsfhutejnktn dk`epe`ns hfs djpógnrns. Pus e`tfs kf
prfou`nk kd eók fghdbe`dfkns keturehns, y kf eojdtnk `eu`dðk.
Pfk tejgdäk dk`epe`ns hfs jnkfrns pógnrns.‚
pógnrns .‚  

@fjf sn punon onou`dr, on eafre nk eonhektn sfhf snråk dk`epe`ns

egsfhutfs hfs djpógnrns. ]fonjfs on`dr qun nh ertd`uhf < y >2 on he
hny 544< onh 7=54 sfk he `fhujke vnrtngreh on tfoe he kfrjetdvdoeo,
pere vehdoer nste eldrje`dðk vejfs e rn`froer nh `fk`nptf on e`tf
 curêod`f.
e- E`tf Curêod`f3
Curêod`f3 ns uke on`here`dðk on vfhukteo an`ae `fk he
dktnk`dðk on `rner, jfodld`er f nxtdkbudr onrn`afs y prfou`n uk
nln`tf qunrdof pfr su eutfr. ]nrf pere qun uke pnrsfke sn punoe
fghdber e ftre pfr uk e`tf curêod`f y qun nstfs prfouz`ek nln`tfs
ongnk `fktnknr ukfs nhnjnktfs pere su nxdstnk`de y vehdonz, hfs
nhnjnktfs sfk hfs sdbudnktns e segnr5>3
5- Uun sne hnbehjnktn `epez
7- Uun `fksdnkte nk od`af e`tf f on`here`dðk y su
`fksnktdjdnktf kf eofhnz`e on vd`df
0- qun
0- qun rn`edbe sfgrn uk fgcntf hd`dtf
?- qun
?- qun tnkbe uke `euse hd`dte
@fjf vnjfs, nh prdjnr nhnjnktf ns qun he pnrsfke sne hnbehjnktn
`epez, e lehte on nstn nhnjnktf nh e`tf curêod`f ns dknxdstnktn y kf
prfou`n vehdonz, ns pfr nsf qun ektnrdfrjnktn hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute kf nrek eptfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on kdkbuke
`hesn on `fktretfs ye lunsn ukdhetnreh f gdhetnreh, on eaê, reod`e he
djpfrtek`de onh ertê`uhf < on he hny 544< tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun

5>
 Ertê`uhf 5>=7 @ðodbf @dvdh
 

onson he vdbnk`de on he jdsje tfoes hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo

sfk sucntfs on onrn`af y fghdbe`dfkns, hf qun sdbkdld`e qun uke
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo punon ldrjer uk `fktretf ukdhetnreh
(Ofke`dðk, jutuf, prnkoe, `fjfoetf nt`.) f gdhetnreh (jetrdjfkdf,

`fjprevnkte, errnkoejdnktf, pnrjute) nk nstn nstn puktf ongnjfs

e`herer qun nk hfs nvnktfs nk qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo tdnkn
esdbkeof uk epfyf, nstn, ongnrå dktnrvnkdr nk nh e`tf curêod`f nk nh
`ueh lun esdbkeof sf pnke on kuhdoeo rnhetdve.
2- Kdõfs, kdões y eofhns`nktns.
eofhns`nktns.
Hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo qun kf aeyek eh`ekzeof he jeyfrêe
on noeo tnkoråk onrn`af e hfs jdsjfs epfyfs `fksebreofs nk he
prnsnktn hny pere equnhhfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun he hny hns pnrjdte

rnehdzer on jeknre eutðkfje y on `fklfrjdoeo `fk nh prdk`dpdf on

eutfkfjêe prfbrnsdve, f nk equnhhfs `esfs nk hfs qun ongn tnknrsn
nk `unkte he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des onh jnkfr pere nh ncnr`d`df
odbkf on he petrde pftnsteo.

\- JN@EKDPJFP ]EWE NH NCNW@D@DF ON HE @E]E@DOEO HNBEH T

]EWE HE WNEHDSE@DÐK
WNEHDSE@DÐK ON E@_FP C^WÊOD@FP.
5.  Ecustns rezfkeghns nk nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh.
He `fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo
onldkn hfs ecustns rezfkeghns `fjf hes jfodld`e`dfkns y
eoepte`dfkns kn`nserdes y eon`ueoes qun kf djpfkbek uke `erbe
onsprfpfr`dfkeoe f dkongdoe, `uekof sn rnqudnrek nk uk `esf
pertd`uher, pere berektdzer e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo nh bf`n f
ncnr`d`df, nk dbuehoeo on `fkod`dfkns `fk hes onjås, on tfofs hfs
onrn`afs aujekfs y hdgnrteons lukoejnktehns.

Nstfs ecustns rezfkeghns sfk juy djpfrtektns sd tnknjfs nk `unkte

qun, snbók nh jfonhf sf`deh, he `epe`doeo on rnehdzer e`tfs curêod`fs
on jeknre dkonpnkodnktn ns he vnroeonre lfrje on berektdzer hfs
 

onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo. ]fr nsf tfoes hes

pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, jeyfrns on noeo, tdnknk onrn`af e
rnehdzer e`tfs curêod`fs on jeknre dkonpnkodnktn y e `fkter `fk hes
jfodld`e`dfkns y eoepte`dfkns kn`nserdes pere rnehdzer hfs jdsjfs.

@fjf sn jnk`dfkð nk `epêtuhfs ektnrdfrns nh nspêrdtu on he

`fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk
Ods`epe`doeo ns qun hfs nsteofs pertns rnehd`nk ecustns rezfkeghns
nk luk`dðk on hes kn`nsdoeons dkodvdouehns on hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo, pnrf tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun nstf `fkhhnve ukes
lunrtns pfhêtd`es póghd`es qun sn treou`n nk uke dkvnrsdðk póghd`e
gestektn fknrfse, nk @fhfjgde, sn fptð pfr oerhn prdfrdoeo e hfs
jn`ekdsjfs pere hfs epfyf (e`unrof on epfyfs, eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyf). Hf qun sd gdnk, kf berektdze uke tfteh
dkonpnkonk`de on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, ns uk brek evek`n
nk nh rn`fkf`djdnktf on he `epe`doeo hnbeh on nste `fjukdoeo.

7.  Jn`ekdsjfs pere nsteghn`nr epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on

e`tfs curêod`fs.
He hny 544< onh 7=54 prnvdf qun hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo sfk
tftehjnktn `epe`ns, pfr nkon, punonk rnehdzer tfof tdpf on e`tfs
 curêod`fs on jeknre dkonpnkodnktn
dkonpnkodnktn ye sne ukdhetnrehns
ukdhetnrehns f gdhetnrehns.
Nk hfs nvnktfs nk qun hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo kf punoek
rnehdzer pfr sê sfhfs nstfs e`tfs curêod`fs, sn nsteghn`dnrfk ofs
jn`ekdsjfs qun punonk snr useofs pfr hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo e segnr3
E. E`unrofs on epfyf3 nstn tnje snrå treteof nk nh @epêtuhf
@ epêtuhf D\ onh
prnsnktn hdgrf.
G.  Eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf3 Nstn tnje snrå treteof nk nh
@epêtuhf \D onh prnsnktn hdgrf.
 

0.  Ontnrjdke`dðk on hfs epfyfs.

He hny 544< onh 7=54 `fksebrf ofs lfrjes on nsteghn`nr hfs epfyfs
snbók nh `esf.
5- He prdjnre lfrje ns jnodektn he on`here`dðk on vfhukteo, nstf ns
qun he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f onsdbkn on jeknre hdgrn y
nspfktekne e uke pnrsfke pere qun sne su epfyf snbók sus
kn`nsdoeons. Nstf sn oe nk hfs `esfs qun he onsdbke`dðk on epfyf sn
rnehd`n jnodektn hfs e`unrofs on epfyf sus`rdtf nk uk `nktrf on
`fk`dhde`dðk f uke kfterêe.
7- He snbukoe lfrje ns jnodektn he vehfre`dðk on epfyf, qun e su
vnz sn prnsnkte nk ofs nvnktfs.
e) @uekof he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f kf segn quä tdpf on
  epfyfs punon kn`nsdter pere uk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f, kf
tdnkn uk lejdhder on `fkldekze eh qun punoe onsdbker `fjf
epfyf, f nk su onln`tf onsne segnr sd ehbukes on hes pnrsfkes
qun `fklfrjek su rno on epfyf punonk snrvdr on epfyf pere
nh e`tf curêod`f qun onsne rnehdzer e`uon e uk prf`nsf on
 curdsod``dðk vfhukterde ofkon sn fronke uke vehfre`dðk on
epfyf qun ontnrjdkn hf jnk`dfkeof.
g) @uekof he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktre nk
pnrsfke qun sn nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteof pere
jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de, y, pfr nkon, kf punon
nxprnser su vfhukteo pere onsdbker uk epfyf. Nk nstn `esf on
jeknre nx`np`dfkeh, snrå uke pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf, he
qun sfhd`dtn e uk cunz on lejdhde pfr dktnrjnodf on uk prf`nsf
vnrgeh sujerdf qun sn hn onsdbkn `fjf epfyf onspuäs on
rnehdzeof uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs.
 

?.  \ehfre`dðk on epfyfs.

He vehfre`dðk on epfyfs ns nh prf`nsf qun sn rnehdze `fk gesn nk
nståkoerns tä`kd`fs qun tdnkn `fjf ldkehdoeo ontnrjdker `uåhns sfk
hfs epfyfs lfrjehns qun rnqudnrn uke pnrsfke pere tfjer on`dsdfkns
5<
rnhe`dfkeoes `fk nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo curêod`e .
Nste vehfre`dðk snrå rnehdzeoe pfr prflnsdfkehns psd`fsf`dehns
(psd`ðhfbf, tregeceofr sf`deh, egfbeof) qun tregecnk pere nktdoeons
póghd`es f prdveoes. Hes nktdoeons póghd`es `fjf hes pnrsfknrêes f
onlnksfrêe onh punghf he rnehdzerek on jeknre bretudte gecf hfs
hdknejdnktfs y prftf`fhfs qun ongnrå nxpnodr nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh.
Hes nktdoeons prdveoes `fgrerek uke terdle pere he prnste`dðk onh
snrvd`df.
Hfs hdknejdnktfs pere he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs ongdnrfk snr nxpnodoe
pfr Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh nk nh jns on ebfstf onh 7=7=, y eukqun nh
of`ujnktf gfrreofr ye sn nk`unktre tnrjdkeof, kf ae sdof
eprfgeof on jeknre fld`deh aeste he ln`ae, nh of`ujnktf gfrreofr
sn nk`unktre nk he påbdke wng onh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh y punon snr
ons`erbeof nk nh sdbudnktn nkhe`n3
attps3//oeprn.prnsdonk`de.bfv.`f/Etnk`dfk@duoeoeke/Of`ujnktf
attps3//oeprn.prnsdonk`de.bfv.`f/Etnk`dfk@duoeoeke/Of`ujnktfss
@fksuhte/`fksuhte-7==25=-Hdknejdnktf-prftf`fhf-ke`dfkeh.pol  
Pfgrn nh of`ujnktf kf ejphdern jeyfr dklfrje`dðk tnkdnkof nk
`unkte qun eók kf nstå eprfgeof on jeknre fld`deh, y punon tnknr
ehbukes jfodld`e`dfkns, pfr nhhf sn tdnkn prnvdstf hekzer he snbukoe
nod`dðk onh prnsnktn hdgrf nk lfrjetf pepnh ofkon sn egfroere on
jeknre ontehheoe nstfs hdknejdnktfs y he rnbhejnkte`dðk
rnbhejnkte`dðk on nstn,
n stn, nh
`ueh ongn snr nxpnodof jnodektn on`rntf pere nh jns on lngrnrf onh
7=75. Nh on`rntf ye sn nk`unktre nk gfrreofr e he nspnre on

5<
 Ertê`uhf 0 kujnreh 2 hny 544< onh 7=54
 

jfodld`e`dfkns y snr sek`dfkeof hf punonk ons`erber nk nh sdbudnktn

nkhe`n3
attps3//oeprn.prnsdonk`de.bfv.`f/Etnk`dfk@duoe
attps3//oeprn.prnsdonk`de.bfv.`f/Etnk`dfk@duoeoeke/Of`ujnktfs
oeke/Of`ujnktfs
@fksuhte/`fksuhte-prfyn`tf-On`rntf-\ehfre
@fksuhte/`fksuhte-prfyn`tf-On`rntf-\ehfre`dffk-Epfyfs-
`dffk-Epfyfs-
7=5==1.pol  
On jeknre bnknreh snbók hf trezeof pfr nh of`ujnktf gfrreofr on
hfs prftf`fhfs pere he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs hf qun sn gus`e ns
`fkf`nr hfs epfyfs qun rnqudnrn uke pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo
ods` epe`doeo pere
hhnver e `egf ontnrjdkeofs e`tfs curêod`fs nk åjgdtfs nspn`êld`fs
qun rnqudnrnk snr lfrjehdzeofs nk he snktnk`de cuod`deh. He vehfre`dðk
tejgdäk gus`e `fkf`nr hes rnons on epfyf lejdhderns y `fjukdterde
`fjukdterdess
`fk qun `unkte he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo y qun pforêek prnster
epfyfs lfrjehns nk nh luturf.
\ehfrer epfyfs djphd`e3
•   @fkf`nr he pnrsfke
•   @fkf`nr e hes pnrsfkes qun ae`nk pertn on he rno on epfyf
(lejdhde y `fjukdoeo)
•   ]rflukodzer nk hfs vêk`uhfs (on pernktns`f f kf) qun uknk e hes
h es
pnrsfkes on he rno on epfyf `fk he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
•
  @fkf`nr hes kn`nsdoeons on on`dsdðk (tdtuherdoeo on e`tfs
 curêod`fs) on he pnrsfke
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
•   @fkf`nr hes kn`nsdoeons on epfyf (hfs tdpfs on epfyf, kdvnhns,
breofs, y hes dktnksdoeons) qun rnqudnrn he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo.
He vehfre`dðk on epfyf ongn donktdld`er he ods`epe`doeo qun ongn snr
gecf hes sdbudnktns `etnbfrêes3
•   Lêsd`e
•   \dsueh
 

 
• Euodtdve
 
• Pfrof`nbunre
 
• Dktnhn`tueh ‐
Dktnhn`tueh ‐ @fbkdtdve
 @fbkdtdve
 
• Jnkteh ‐
Jnkteh  ‐ ]sd`fsf`deh
 ]sd`fsf`deh
•
  Jóhtdphn
Nk he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs sn ongnk tnknr ehbukes peutes f
hdknejdnktfs `fjf hfs sdbudnktns (kfte3
(kfte3 nstfs hdknejdnktfs y sus
`fk`nptfs sfk tfjeofs nk su dktnbrdoeo onh of`ujnktf gfrreofr
hdknejdnktfs y prftf`fhfs ke`dfkeh pere he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs 52)3
D.  Eprnstejdnktf3
Eprnstejdnktf3 Ns nh prdjnr jfjnktf on `fkte`tf `fk he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo. Pu fgcntdvf ns nsteghn`nr `fk
`herdoeo nh prfpðsdtf, nh eh`ek`n hfs rfhns on qudnkns pertd`dpek,
esê `fjf `fjukd`erhn e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f hfs
jfjnktfs qun `fjpfknk nh prf`nsf on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs
qun ve e onserrfhhersn.
DD.  Dkoeber pfr nh rfh nk nh prf`nsf cuod`deh y pfr nh prfyn`tf on
vdoe on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo3
ods`epe`doeo 3 Nh fgcntdvf ns dkoeber pfr
nh rfh on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh prf`nsf cuod`deh y
pfr hfs odstdktfs nhnjnktfs on su prfyn`tf on vdoe. Ns on`dr, sn
trete on nsteghn`nr he pfsdgdhdoeo on uke rnhe`dðk odrn`te `fk he
pnrsfke, dk`husdvn e treväs on epfyfs pere he `fjukd`e`dðk.
DDD.  Donktdldqun hes pnrsfkes qun prnstek f pforêek prnster epfyfs
e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo3
ods`epe`doeo3 Nh fgcntdvf ns `fkf`nr hes rnons
on epfyf (nk lejdhde, nk nh gerrdf, nk he `fjukdoeo) `fk hes qun
`unkte he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo y qun hn prnstek f punonk
prnster epfyf pere nh ncnr`d`df on su `epe`doeo curêod`e. He
pnrsfke qun ae`n he vehfre`dðk ongn nster egdnrte e donktdld`er
pfsdghns pnrsfkes on epfyf e hf herbf onh prf`nsf, tejgdäk
52
 attps3//oeprn.prnsdonk`de.bfv.`f/Etnk`dfk@duoeoeke/Of`ujnktfs@fksuhte/`fksuhte-7==25=-
Hdknejdnktf-prftf`fhf-ke`dfkeh.pol  
 

ongn nster etnkte e donktdld`er pnrsfkes qun pforêek prnster

epfyfs nk nh luturf. 
luturf. 
D\.  Donktdld`er e hes pnrsfkes nk he lejdhde f nk he `fjukdoeo qun
kf ongnk prnster epfyfs3 Nh fgcntdvf ns donktdld`er e hes

pnrsfkes qun kf ongnrêek snr lfrjehdzeoes `fjf epfyfs y hes

rezfkns qun jekdldnste he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo f he rno on
epfyf pere hhejer he etnk`dðk onh cunz y qun nstn punoe hhnber
e uke on`dsdðk ldkeh.
Nktrn hes pnrsfkes qun kf ongnk prnster epfyfs nk`fktrejfs
he qun sn nk`unktrek dkjnrses nk hes dkaegdhdoeons
`fktnjpheoes nk nh ertê`uhf ?> on he hny 544< onh 7=54 nh hdtdbdf
pnkodnktn y nh `fklhd`tf on dktnrnsns. ]nrf nh cunz kf sfhf ongn
budersn pfr nses ofs dkaegdhdoeons, sn ongn jdrer e lfkof n
donktdld`er ftres rezfkns `fjf pfr ncnjphf he lehte on
`fkldekze, dkonpnkonk`de onh pernktns`f, vdfhnk`de
dktrelejdhder,
dktrelejdhder, dkcnrnk`de dkongdoe
dkongdo e nt`.
\.  ]etrdjfkdf y jekncf onh odknrf3 Nh fgcntdvf ns vehfrer nh tdpf
on epfyf qun rnqudnrn he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh
åjgdtf onh petrdjfkdf y onh jekncf onh odknrf. Ns on`dr, he
esdstnk`de pere jekncer nh odknrf, hfs prfou`tfs gek`erdfs y hfs
gdnkns qun hn pnrtnkn`nk nktrn ftrfs. Kf sn trete on vehfrer hes
kn`nsdoeons n`fkfjêes on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo, hf qun
sn gus`e ns nsteghn`nr he kn`nsdoeo on epfyf pere jekncer su
petrdjfkdf y nh odknrf nk nln`tdvf, pfr nsf sn ongn ekehdzer nh
`fktnxtf on he pnrsfke, su noeo, kdvnh nou`etdvf eh`ekzeof, su
onserrfhhf n`fkðjd`f
n`fkðjd`f nk nh peseof,
pes eof, sus nxpn`tetdves y phekns e
luturf qun tnkbe he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
\D.  Lejdhde @udoeof pnrsfkeh y vdvdnkoe3 Nh fgcntdvf ns vehfrer nh
tdpf on epfyf qun rnqudnre he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh

ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo curêod`e y he tfje on on`dsdfkns nk nh

 

åjgdtf on lejdhde, `udoeof pnrsfke y vdvdnkoe, nstf ns,

on`dsdfkns sfgrn `ðjf ongn snr nh errnbhf on vdvdnkoe (ofkon
y `fk qudnk vdvn) `fjf y qudnkns prfvnnk `udoeof pnrsfkeh on
e`unrof `fk he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke.

\DD.  Pehuo (bnknreh, jnkteh, snxueh y rnprfou`tdve)3 Nh fgcntdvf ns

vehfrer nh tdpf on epfyfs qun rnqudnrn he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo nk nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo curêod`e nk nh
åjgdtf on he sehuo. Hes on`dsdfkns nk sehuo sfk ejphdes y
verdeoes, pere hfs nln`tfs on he vehfre`dðk sn snbjnktek nk3
sehuo nk bnknreh, sehuo jnkteh, y sehuo snxueh rnprfou`tdve.
rnprfou`tdve.  
\DDD.  Nou`e`dðk3 Nh fgcntdvf ns vehfrer nh tdpf on epfyfs qun rnqudnrn
he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh åjgdtf nou`etdvf y nxphfrer
`uehns on nsfs epfyfs rnqudnrnk snr lfrjehdzeofs. Pn rnldnrn e
on`dsdfkns sfgrn qun, `fjf `uekof y ofkon eonhekter
prfbrejes on lfrje`dðk f nou`e`dðk. 
nou`e`dðk. 
DQ.  _regecf y bnknre`dðk on dkbrnsfs3 Nh fgcntdvf ns vehfrer nh tdpf
on epfyfs qun rnqudnrn he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pere nh
ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo curêod`e nk nh åjgdtf onh tregecf y
bnknre`dðk on dkbrnsfs. Pn rnldnrn e hes on`dsdfkns nk tfrkf e he
he
gósqunoe, `fksn`u`dðk y jektnkdjdnktf on hes lfrjes on
tregecf y bnknre`dðk on dkbrnsfs, esê `fjf su jfodld`e`dðk y
ldkehdze`dðk on e`unrof `fk he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he
pnrsfke. Pn gus`e tejgdäk nxphfrer `uehns epfyfs pere he tfje
on nses on`dsdfkns rnqudnrnk snr lfrjehdzeofs nk nstn åjgdtf. 
åjgdtf. 
Q.  E``nsf e he custd`de, pertd`dpe`dðk `duoeoeke y ncnr`d`df onh
vftf3 Nh fgcntdvf ns vehfrer nh tdpf on epfyfs qun rnqudnrn he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo
 curêod`e nk nh åjgdtf onh e``nsf e he custd`de, pertd`dpe`dðk
`duoeoeke y ncnr`d`df onh vftf. Pn rnldnrn e on`dsdfkns sfgrn
gus`er `fksncf on egfbeofs, onjekoe f onkuk`der, ae`nr
 

pertn on prf`nsfs `fjukdterdfs9 onrn`af e nhnbdr f snr nhnbdof

nk `erbfs on nhn``dðk pfpuher. _fof nhhf on e`unrof `fk he
vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de on hes pnrsfkes. 
pnrsfkes. 

\D- E@^NWOFP ON E]FTF ]EWE HE @NHNGWE@DÐK ON E@_FP

C^WÊOD@FP.
Ns juy djpfrtektn rn`eh`er qun kf ns uke fghdbe`dðk lfrjehdzer uk
epfyf pere rnehdzer ehbók e`tf curêod`f, uke pnrsfke qun tnkbe uke
ods`epe`doeo on `uehqudnr êkofhn punon rnehdzer tfof tdpf on e`tf
 curêod`f, punstf esê hf ae pnrjdtdof he hny eh ftfrberhn phnke `epe`doeo
 curêod`e. Nstf sdbkdld`e qun hes anrrejdnktes on he hny 544< sfk uke
nx`np`dðk e he rnbhe bnknreh. He rnbhe bnknreh ongn snr he ephd`e`dðk
on hfs ecustns rezfkeghns nk hes odlnrnktns nktdoeons póghd`fs f
prdveoes pere qun esê hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo punoek e`uodr e
nstes e rnehdzer sus e`tfs curêod`fs sdk djpfrter nh tdpf on
ods`epe`doeo.
Nxdstnk ehbukfs nvnktfs nk qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pfr
`fkod`dfkns on sehuo kf hn ns pfsdghn f kf ns rn`fjnkoeghn qun
nstäk e`uodnkof e odlnrnktns nktdoeons e rnehdzer hfs tråjdtns
rnqunrdofs, pfr hf qun nk nstfs nvnktfs y etnkodnkof nh snktdr on he
hny 544< onh 7=54 sn punonk user nh pfonr f hfs `fktretfs on
jekoetfs, nstf, tnkdnkof nk `unkte he phnke `epe`doeo curêod`e on
hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo.
Nk nsn nvnktf sn punon e`uodr e hf nstdpuheof nk nh ertê`uhf ?1 on he
hny 544< onh 7=54 qun e su tnkfr nsteghn`n3
‘He pnrsfke on epfyf rnprnsnkterå e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf sfhf nk
equnhhfs `esfs nk ofkon nxdste uk jekoetf nxprnsf on he p
pnrsfke
nrsfke tdtuher
pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su kfjgrn y
rnprnsnkte`dðk.‚  
rnprnsnkte`dðk.‚
 

Pdbkdld`e hf ektnrdfr, qun pere qun nh epfyf rnehd`n uk tråjdtn nk

rnprnsnkte`dðk on he pnrsfke, ns kn`nserdf qun eonjås on he
lfrjehdze`dðk onh epfyf nxdste uk jekoetf nxprnsf nsteghn`dnkof hf
jnk`dfkeof.

He lfrjehdze`dðk onh epfyf ns uke anrrejdnkte on `erå`tnr

nx`np`dfkeh `fjf ye sn jnk`dfkð, he luk`dðk onh epfyf ns esdstdr e he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pere he tfje on on`dsdfkns rnspn`tf e ukf
f jås e`tfs curêod`fs ontnrjdkeof.
e) Odspfsd`dfkns bnknrehns3 
bnknrehns3  Nh `epêtuhf DDD on he hny 544< onh 7=54
nsteghn`dð hfs e`unrofs on epfyf pere he `nhngre`dðk on e`tfs
 curêod`fs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo, qun e su vnz lun
rnbhejnkteof pfr nh On`rntf 5?74 onh > on kfvdnjgrn onh 7=7= onh
Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de y onh onrn`af.
Eh snr uk tnje kunvf nk nh fronkejdnktf `fhfjgdekf, sn adsf
kn`nserdf he nxpnod`dðk onh On`rntf 5?74/7=. Nstf tnkdnkof nk
`unkte qun kf nxdstêe uke ldbure `fjpereghn nk nh tråjdtn kfterdeh f
`fk`dhdetfrdf, nk nh jnk`dfkeof on`rntf sn rnbhejnkte nh tråjdtn on
lfrjehdze`dðk on e`unrof on epfyf ektn hes kfterêes y `nktrfs on
`fk`dhde`dðk.

Hfs e`unrofstnkoråk
`fk`dhde`dðk on epfyf `nhngreofs
uk phezf jåxdjfektn
on kfterdes
> eõfs51f, peseof
`nktrfs nsn
on
tdnjpf sn nktnkonrå ldkehdzeof nh e`unrof on epfyf `nhngreof.
He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun `unktn `fk uk e`unrof on
epfyfs vdbnktn pere he `nhngre`dðk on ontnrjdkeofs e`tfs curêod`fs
ongnrå utdhdzerhfs, eh jfjnktf on he `nhngre`dðk on od`afs e`tfs
 curêod`fs, `fjf rnqudsdtf
rnquds dtf on vehdonz on nstfs. Nk `fksn`unk`de, sd he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f hhnve e `egf hfs e`tfs curêod`fs
nspn`dld`eofs pfr nh e`unrof on epfyfs, sdk ae`nr usf on hfs epfyfs
51
 Ertd`uhf 51 Hny 544< onh 7=54
 

ehhê nstdpuheofs, nhhf snrå `euseh on kuhdoeo rnhetdve, `fklfrjn e hes

rnbhes bnknrehns onh räbdjnk `dvdh 54.

¶@uåkof lfrjehdzer uk epfyf6 On he hn`ture on he hny 544<

544 < onh 7=54
nk`fktrejfs 0 nvnktfs nk hfs qun uke pnrsfke rnqudnre lfrjehdzer
uk epfyf e segnr3
5. ]ere pfonr jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de3
prnlnrnk`de3 @uekof he
pnrsfke kf punoe ae`nrhf pfr sê jdsjf, y kn`nsdte rnehdzer uk e`tf
 curêod`f ongnrå lfrjehdzer uk epfyf, tfjnjfs `fjf ncnjphf uke
pnrsfke qun kf punon aegher, hf qun `fhfqudehjnktn
`fhfqudehjnktn sn hn hheje uke
pnrsfke juoe. He pnrsfke pfsnn uke `ese y qudnrn vnkonrhe pere
`fjprer uke ldk`e, pfr fgvdes rezfkns kf punon jekdlnster nste
vfhukteo y nsteghn`nr hfs peråjntrfs on hfs knbf`dfs, pnrf tdnkn
t dnkn uk
lejdhder qun hn nktdnkon e he pnrln``dðk pfr jnodf onh hnkbuecn on
snões, nk nsn nvnktf lfrjehdzere nsn epfyf pere qun sne nh qudnk hn
treksjdte e hes pnrsfkes `fk hes qun sn ve rnehdzer nh `fktretf tektf
on vnkte `fjf on `fjpre he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pn pnrsfkes
rsfkes
`fk ods`epe`doeo, `fjf pfr ncnjphf nh vehfr onh knbf`df, nh jnodf
on pebf e user, hes `heusuhes onh knbf`df, he ugd`e`dðk on he ldk`e qun
qudnrn `fjprer, hes an`tårnes y onjås vd`dsdtuons prfpdes on nstfs
knbf`dfs. Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun nk he lfrjehdze`dðk onh e`unrof
e`unro f
on epfyf sn ongn nspn`dld`er hfs ofs e`tfs curêod`fs, tektf nh on he
vnkte onh gdnk dkodvdouehdzekof nh jdsjf, `fjf he `fjpre on he ldk`e
reêz.
_fjnjfs ftrf ncnjphf, He pnrsfke petnktf uke done qun eafre snrå
eoqudrdoe pfr uke njprnse, pere `nrrer nsn e`unrof f knbf`df y
jekdlnster he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de sfgrn he knbf`de`dðk, `fjf
vehfr, tdnjpf, pfr`nktecn on rnbehêes, `heusuhes nt`. He pnrsfke
lfrjehdzere nh epfyf ektn he kfterde ofkon nsteghn`nrå hf
54
 Ertd`uhf 54 Dgdonj
 

jnk`dfkeof, ns juy djpfrtektn qun sdnjprn sn onhdjdtn nh e`tf

 curêod`f sfgrn nh `ueh ve re`nr nh epfyf.
epfyf.
Kf kn`nserdejnktn nh epfyf punon snr uke pnrsfke `nr`eke, punon
snr tejgdäk uke pnrsfke curêod`e, uk ncnjphf, uke njprnse qun
tdnkn treou`tfrns on snões, he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo punon ae`nr
uk `fktretf `fk nse njprnse pere user nh treou`tfr nk ontnrjdkeof
e`tf curêod`f.
Ns djpfrtektn e`herer qun he onsdbke`dðk on nstn epfyf kf ns on
`erå`tnr fghdbetfrdf, pfr ncnjphf, sd he pnrsfke `fk nste ods`epe`doeo
ns `dteoe e uke euodnk`de
euodnk`de cuod`deh, f ongn rnehdzer uk tråjdtn nk he
`åjere on `fjnr`df, y nk nstes nktdoeons `unktek `fk treou`tfr on
snões, sd he pnrsfke ae`n usf on nsfs treou`tfrns kf sn ongnrå nxdbdr
nsn epfyf pere nstfs e`tfs, pnrf sd he pnrsfke kf sn sdnktn eubuste,
f `rnn qun nste pnrsfke kf nste dktnrprntekof su vfhukteo, punon
fpter pfr lfrjehdzer nh epfyf pere qun hf esdste nk he euodnk`de f nk
nh tråjdtn ektn he `åjere on `fjnr`df.
7- @fjprnkonr uk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f3
curêod`f3 nstf punon su`nonr
pfrqun he pnrsfke tdnkn uke ods`epe`doeo jnkteh qun kf hn pnrjdtn
`fjprnkonr onh tfof hes `fksn`unk`des nh e`tf curêod`f, pfrqun ns
ekehlegnte, f ns uke pnrsfke `fk uke ods`epe`doeo
o ds`epe`doeo vdsueh, pfr nkon,
kn`nsdte uk epfyf pere qun hn hne nh of`ujnktf esê segnr y nktnkonr
qun nstå ldrjekof.
_fjnjfs uk ncnjphf `håsd`f qun ae nsteof hetnktn nk @fhfjgde, y
qun dk`husf ae sdof rndtnreof pfr he @frtn nk odlnrnktns snktnk`des7=,
nstf ns he nstnrdhdze`dðk qudrórbd`e on hes
h es pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo,
nste nstnrdhdze`dðk
nstnrdhdze`dðk sn hn rnehdzege e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo, sdsdk
k
nh `fksnktdjdnktf on nstn, nh ertê`uhf < on he Hny 5?57 on 7=5=
odspfkn he pfsdgdhdoeo on he nstnrdhdze`dðk qudrórbd`e on hes pnrsfkes
7=
 @-517 on 7=5<, @-505 on 7=5?
 

nk sdtue`dðk on ods`epe`doeo jnkteh jnodektn nh `fksnktdjdnktf

sustdtutf sdnjprn qun (d) sn aeye on`hereof he dktnrod``dðk on nse
pnrsfke9 y (dd) sn rnehd`n uk prf`nodjdnktf cuod`deh eod`dfkeh qun
eutfrd`n he nstnrdhdze`dðk. On jeknre e`nrteoe he hny 544< onh 7=54
nk su ertd`uhf <5 onrfbf nse odspfsd`dðk.
]ere qun uke pnrsfke, pfr ncnjphf `fk sêkorfjn on Ofwk, on`doe
rnehdzersn uke nstnrdhdze`dðk qudrórbd`e lfrjehdzere uk epfyf pere
qun nstn hn nxphdqun hes `fksn`unk`des on nstn ontnrjdkeof e`tf
prnsnktåkofhns tektf hfs gnknld`dfs `fjf hes `fksn`unk`des
pfsdghnjnktn knbetdves onh jdsjf, ns on`dr, nxphd`erhn qun on
ae`nrsn he fpnre`dðk kf pforå qunoer nk nsteof on njgerezf y hes
rnpnr`usdfkns qun nstf `fkhhnve, pnrf tejgdäk jekdlnsterhn qun
punonk nxdstdr ftres fp`dfkns `fjf he eofp`dðk, f pfr ncnjphf sd
tdnkn ehbók rdnsbf anrnodterdf ae`nrhn segnr nse sdtue`dðk.
F nk `esf `fktrerdf, sd he pnrsfke `fk sêkorfjn on Ofwk onsne tnknr
uk adcf jnodektn uke dksnjdke`dðk ertdld`deh sn hn ongn nxphd`er hf
qun `fkhhnve tnknr uk adcf, su nou`e`dðk, ehdjnkte`dðk y onjås.
_fjnjfs uk ncnjphf jes on he vdoe `ftdodeke, nk uk peês `fk uk
kdvnh on nou`e`dðk juy gecf nxdstnk euk ju`aes pnrsfkes
ekehlegntes. ^ke pnrsfke on <= eõfs qun kf segn hnnr kd ns`rdgdr
tdnkn uke ldk`e ofkon snjgrð 7= an`tårnes on ebue`etn aehh y uke
njprnse qudnrn `fjprerhn he `fsn`ae pere hf qun ongnk ldrjer uk
e`unrof nsteghn`dnkof prn`dfs, `ektdoeo, `heusuhes nt`. Oeof qun e
he pnrsfke sn hn aerå odlê`dh hnnr y `fjprnkonr hf `fksdbkeof nk nsn
`fktretf, hes `håusuhes, hes fghdbe`dfkns y ongnrås on hes pertns nktrn
ftrfs, He pnrsfke jeyfr on noeo punon lfrjehdzer nh epfyf cuod`deh
pere qun hf esdste nk nh e`tf curêod`f nk jnk`dðk.
0- Wnprnsnkte`dðk nk uk e`tf curêod`f3 
curêod`f3  Ns juy `fjók tnknr uk
lejdhder on he tnr`nre noeo, qun, pfr `fkod`dfkns on sehuo, sn hn ae`n
 

odlê`dh sehdr e rnehdzer ehbók tråjdtn f e`tf curêod`f, f tdnkn uke

ods`epe`doeo lêsd`e qun hn odld`uhte jfvdhdzersn, nk nstn nvnktf he
pnrsfke punon lfrjehdzer uk e`unrof on epfyf y eonjås nsteghn`nr
uk jekoetf nxprnsf on he pnrsfke tdtuher pere qun nh epfyf nln`tón
ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk.
_fjnjfs nh `håsd`f ncnjphf on @fhpnksdfkns, uke nktdoeo qun nxdbn
snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk pere rnehdzer nh tråjdtn on uke pnksdðk e
kfjgrn on uke pnrsfke ods`epe`dteoe, sd ns uke pnrsfke qun sn hn
odld`uhte nster e`uodnkof e he nktdoeo pere ldrjer y rnehdzer
ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f, punon lfrje
lfrjehdzer
hdzer uk e`unrof on epfyf
epfyf
uk jekoetf nxprnsf ofkon he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f le`uhte
e he pnrsfke on epfyf pere rnehdzer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su
kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk nstf tnkdnkof `fjf gesn nh ertê`uhf ?1 on
he hny 544< onh 7=54.
Hf ektnrdfr sdbkdld`e qun @fhpnksdfkns kf punon nxdbdr uke snktnk`de,
ns suld`dnktn `fk nh e`unrof on epfyf y nh jekoetf nxprnsf. On
jeknre nx`np`dfkeh sfhf pforå nxdbdr nh kfjgrejdnktf on uk epfyf
jnodektn snktnk`de cuod`deh nk hfs `esfs ofkon nxdste djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute.
- Kuhdoeo rnhetdve3 He kuhdoeo rnhetdve oe onrn`af e he rns`dsdðk onh
e`tf f `fktretf75, e odlnrnk`de on he kuhdoeo egsfhute, he kuhdoeo
rnhetdve kf punon snr on`hereoe on fld`df pfr nh cunz, sdkf qun ongn
snr on`hereoe e pntd`dðk on he pertn hnbdtdjeoe n dktnrnseoe 77, he
kuhdoeo rnhetdve punon snr sekneoe, sugsekeoe f `frrnbdoe, y punon
seknersn pfr nh peser onh tdnjpf, f pfr retdld`e`dðk on hes pertns ye
sne tå`dtejnktn f on lfrje nxprnse.

75
 Ertd`uhf 52?5 onh @ðodbf @dvdh
77
 Ertd`uhf 52?0 Dgdonj
 

Hf ektnrdfr sdbkdld`e qun, sd uke pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo qun tdnkn

sus`rdtf uk e`unrof on epfyf pere rnehdzer uk e`tf on `fjprevnkte
ontnrjdkeof rnehdze nstn e`tf curêod`f sdk ae`nr usf onh epfyf
onsdbkeof, nhhf snrå `euseh on kuhdoeo
k uhdoeo rnhetdve, `fklfrjn e hes rnbhes
bnknrehns onh räbdjnk `dvdh. Nk nstfs nvnktfs surbnk 0 fp`dfkns y uke
ouoe3
5.  Hes pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh e`tf curêod`f seknek he kuhdoeo
jnodektn he retdld`e`dðk te`dte, nstf ns he ncn`u`dðk vfhukterde
on he fghdbe`dðk `fktreteoe70.
7.  Hes pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh e`tf curêod`f seknek he kuhdoeo
jnodektn he retdld`e`dðk nxprnse, pere nhhf ongnrå ae`nrsn `fk
hes sfhnjkdoeons e qun pfr he hny nstå sucntf nh e`tf f `fktretf
qun sn retdld`e7?, Ongnrå user nh epfyf onsdbkeof eh jfjnktf
on rnehdzer nstes sfhnjkdoeons.
0.  Hes pertns dkvfhu`reoes fptek pfr rns`dkodr nh `fktretf, ye sne
on jeknre vfhukterde f jnodektn uk prf`nsf cuod`deh on
kuhdoeo, nk nstn nvnktf hfs nln`tfs on he kuhdoeo sfk hfs
sdbudnktns7>3
▣  @fkldnrn nh onrn`af e hes pertns on rnstdtudr hes `fses e su

nsteof ektnrdfr, ns on`dr, `fjf nstegek ektns on qun

augdnre nxdstdof nh e`tf f `fktretf on`hereof kuhf.
▣  _ejgdäk oe onrn`af e hes rnstdtu`dfkns jutues, ns on`dr, onh

pebf on hes jncfres, hes rnstdtu`dfkns on hes nspn`dns y on

sus lrutfs, nt`.
Eh rnspn`tf he @frtn Puprnje on Custd`de, Pehe on @ese`dðk @dvdh y
Ebrerde nk snktnk`de on ? on lngrnrf on 7==0, nxpnodnktn <<5=, sn
rnldrdð on he sdbudnktn jeknre3

70
7? Ertd`uhf
 Ertd`uhf 52>?
52>0 @ðodbf
Dgdonj @dvdh
7>
 Ertê`uhf 52?< Dgdonj
 

«On`hereoe cuod`dehjnktn he kuhdoeo on uk `fktretf, hes pertns

ongnk snr rnstdtudoes on curn eh nsteof ektnrdfr, y, pfr tektf, he
prnste`dðk rnspn`tdve, qun `fkou`n e qun he rnstdtu`dðk sn
vnrdldqun sn ongn tejgdäk on curn, y prf`non nk nhhf
fld`dfsejnktn he custd`de sdk kn`nsdoeo on onjekoe. _ehns
prnste`dfkns `fjprnkonk, eonjås on he onvfhu`dðk on hes `fses
oeoes `fk f`esdðk onh `fktretf dkvehdof, sus dktnrnsns y lrutfs, nh
vehfr on hfs bestfs y jncfres qun sn augdnrnk rnehdzeof nk nhhes,
eonjås on hes dkonjkdze`dfkns prfvnkdnktns on he pnrodoe
`uhpfse f ontnrdfrf qun sulrdnrek jdnktres nstuvdnrfk nk pfonr
on he pertn fghdbeoe e he rnstdtu`dðk.¹
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun he on`here`dðk on kuhdoeo tdnkn `fjf
nln`tf he ekuhegdhdoeo on uk `fktretf, `fjf sd nstn kuk`e sn augdnsn
`nhngreof.
He ouoe3 He hny 544< onh 7=54 kf prn`dsf nh rfh onh epfyf nk hfs
nvnktfs qun nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f rnehd`n nh ontnrjdkeof e`tf
sdk nh epfyf, nstf ns, surbn he ouoe sd nh epfyf nstå le`uhteof pere
pnodr he kuhdoeo rnhetdve onh e`tf, f sd pfr nh `fktrerdf sfhf punon
pnodrhf hes pertns odrn`tejnktn dkvfhu`reoes.
Nh ertê`uhf 52?0 onh @ðodbf @dvdh nsteghn`n qun he kuhdoeo rnhetdve sfhf
 punon snr on`hereoe e pnodjdnktf on pertn. ]nrf, nk nh jdsjf
ertê`uhf nsteghn`n ‘kd punon ehnbersn sdkf pfr equähhfs nk `uyf
gnknld`df he aek nsteghn`dof hes hnyns, f pfr sus anrnonrfs f
`nsdfkerdfs‚. He
`nsdfkerdfs‚.  He prnbukte snrde sd he `ehdoeo on epfyf hf dk`huyn nk hes
nx`np`dfkns, nk jd fpdkdðk, y tnkdnkof nk `unkte nh snktdr on he hny
544< onh 7=54, hfs epfyfs kf sn nk`unktrek hnbdtdjeofs pere ehnber
he kuhdoeo rnhetdve, sehvf jncfr `rdtnrdf pfr pertn on hfs cun`ns.
 

He e``dðk on kuhdoeo pere qun sn on`hern he kuhdoeo onh `fktretf nstå

sucnte e prns`rdp`dðk, nh phezf pere he rns`dsdðk ourere `uetrf eõfs 7< 
Nstn `uetrdnkdf sn `fkterå, nk nh `esf on vdfhnk`de, onson nh oêe nk
qun äste augdnrn `nseof9 nk nh `esf on nrrfr f on ofhf, onson nh oêe
on he `nhngre`dðk onh e`tf f `fktretf.
@uekof he kuhdoeo prfvdnkn on uke dk`epe`doeo hnbeh, sn `fkterå nh
`uetrdnkdf onson nh oêe nk qun aeye `nseof nste dk`epe`doeo.
g) E`unrofs on epfyf pfr ns`rdture póghd`e ektn kfterdf T
`fk`dhdeofrnss nxtrecuod`dehn
`fk`dhdeofrn nxtrecuod`dehnss nk onrn`af.
Nh on`rntf 5?74 onh 7=7= rnbhejnktf he lfrjehdze`dðk on hfs epfyfs
pfr pertn on hfs kfterdfs y hfs `nktrfs on `fk`dhde`dðk. Nh on`rntf nk

jnk`dðk
ongnrns ehn`ujphdr
esdbkfpere
e heshe kfterêes y `nktrfs
djphnjnkte`dðk onon `fk`dhde`dðk
he hny ukfs
544< onh 7=54
nktrn nstfs tnknjfs3
- Odspfknr on etnk`dðk prnsnk`deh f rnjfte nh treväs onh usf on hes
tn`kfhfbêes on he dklfrje`dðk y hes `fjukd`e`dfkns, pere he
rn`np`dðk on hes sfhd`dtuons, he rnehdze`dðk on nktrnvdstes y on
euodnk`des.
- Donktdld`er y nhdjdker hes gerrnres qun djpdonk nh e``nsf on hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo e hes dkstehe`dfkns, he dklfrje`dðk y hes
`fjukd`e`dfkns, esê `fjf su pertd`dpe`dðk nln`tdve ourektn² tfoes
hes lesns onh tråjdtn, e treväs on
o n he djphnjnkte`dðk onh ]rftf`fhf on
Pnrvd`dfs on Custd`de Dk`husdvfs pere ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo onh
Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de y onh Onrn`af, y onjås nståkoerns kfrjetdvfs
ephd`eghns.

7<
 Ertê`uhf 52>= @ðodbf @dvdh
 

- Wnehdzer hfs ecustns rezfkeghns qun sn rnqudnrek pere berektdzer he

pertd`dpe`dðk phnke on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo ourektn nh
tråjdtn.
Odspfknr on hfs snrvd`dfs on jnode`dðk hdkbøêstd`e y `fjukd`e`dfkeh,
`uekof nhhf sne kn`nserdf.
- ]rf`nsf ektn kfterdf3
- Pfhd`dtuo3 He sfhd`dtuo snrå prnsnkteoe pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf ektn he kfterêe f pfr qudnk lukbdrêe `fjf epfyf, e treväs on
hfs jnodfs prnsnk`dehns f tn`kfhðbd`fs odspfkdghns, prn`dsekof hfs
sdbudnktns oetfs3
e)  Dkod`er he nxdstnk`de f kf on e`unrofs
e` unrofs on epfyf f on odrn`tdves

g) ektd`dpeoes
Dkodvdouehdzervdbnktns.
hes e`tue`dfkns y e`tfs pere hfs qun prn`dse he
lfrjehdze`dðk on epfyfs.
`)  Nh kfjgrn y oetfs on `fkte`tf on he f hes pnrsfkes keturehns f
 curêod`es qun onsdbkerå `fjf epfyf.
o) Hfs tråjdtns on lfrjehdze`dðk on e`unrofs on epfyf sn
sustnktek ókd`ejnktn nk he nxprnsdðk on vfhukteo on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo. Nk `fksn`unk`de, nk kdkbuke on sus
ntepes sn rnqudnrn `fkter `fk uk dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on
epfyfs nxpnodof pfr uke nktdoeo prnsteofre on nsn snrvd`df,
@fk tfof, sd nh tdtuher onh e`tf `unkte `fk uke vehfre`dðk on
epfyfs, punon eknxerhe e he sfhd`dtuo sd nse ns su vfhukteo, pere
qun sne tnkdoe `fjf uk dksujf pere donktdld`er hfs ecustns
rezfkeghns qun he pnrsfke rnqudnrn ourektn nh tråjdtn.
n)  Nsteghn`nr he lfrje on `fjukd`e`dðk y `dte`dðk prnlnrdoe pfr he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf.
l)  Dkod`er sd he pnrsfke kn`nsdte etnk`dðk ofjd`dhderde f usf on
ehbók jn`ekdsjf tn`kfhðbd`f
 

- @dte`dðk3 Pd he dklfrje`dðk sujdkdstreoe pfr nh sfhd`dtektn lunrn

suld`dnktn, nh Kfterdf `dterå eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f y e hes
h es pnrsfkes
qun aeye dkod`eof, nsteghn`dnkof ln`ae y afre pere he odhdbnk`de. He
`dte`dðk pforå ae`nrsn e treväs on jnodfs e``nsdghns on e`unrof `fk
hes kn`nsdoeons on qudnkns dktnrvnkbek nk nh tråjdtn. 
tråjdtn. 
- Nktrnvdste prnvde3 Ektns onh ftfrbejdnktf on he ns`rdture póghd`e
qun lfrjehd`n nh e`unrof on epfyf f hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes, nh
kfterdf sn nktrnvdsterå pfr snpereof `fk nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f,
dkoebåkofhe `fk nh ldk on vnrdld`er su dknquêvf`e vfhukteo pere
lfrjehdzer nh e`unrof on epfyf.
epfyf .
- @fktnkdof on he ns`rdture3 Eonjås on hfs rnqudsdtfs on tfoe
ns`rdture póghd`e y on hf nstdpuheof nk he Hny 544< on 7=54, nh
dkstrujnktf jnodektn nh `ueh sn lfrjehd`n nh e`unrof on epfyf f hes
odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes ongnrå `fktnknr3
E. @dr`ukstek`des on huber y ln`ae on rnehdze`dðk on he nktrnvdste
prnvde y su rnsuhteof.
G. Nh e`tf f e`tfs curêod`fs pere hfs qun sn lfrjehdze nh e`unrof on
epfyf f hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes.
@. He onhdjdte`dðk y eh`ek`n on hes luk`dfkns onh epfyf.
O. Hes fghdbe`dfkns qun sn onrdvek on he onsdbke`dðk.
N. He on`here`dðk pfr pertn on he pnrsfke f hes pnrsfkes on epfyf,
dkod`ekof qun kf nståk dk`urses nk `euseh on dkaegdhdoeo pere nhhf,
snbók nh ertê`uhf ?> on he Hny 544< on 7=54.
L. He vdbnk`de onh e`unrof on epfyfs f onh epfyf nsteghn`dof e treväs
on he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, he `ueh kf pforå nxtnkonrsn jås ehhå onh
tärjdkf nsteghn`dof nk he hny 544< on 7=54.
 

B. Nh jnodf e treväs onh `ueh, on snr nh `esf, he pnrsfke on epfyf

`fjukd`erå e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, hes `dr`ukstek`des y
su on`dsdðk on jfodld`er f pfknr ldk eh e`unrof f e he odrn`tdve
ektd`dpeoe
- Hn`ture y ftfrbejdnktf3 Nh `fktnkdof on he ns`rdture snrå punstf
nk `fkf`djdnktf on hfs ftfrbektns e treväs on he hn`ture on nstn f
onh usf onh jn`ekdsjf on `fjukd`e`dðk eujnktetdve f ehtnrketdve
qun sn ecustn pere nh e``nsf e he dklfrje`dðk on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f. Pd sn nstuvdnrn on e`unrof `fk nh `fktnkdof, nh
dkstrujnktf póghd`f, sn ldrjerå pfr hfs `fjpern`dnktns nk snõeh on
e`npte`dðk9 sd pfr rezðk on he ods`epe`doeo nh ftfrbejdnktf kf
puodnrn nln`tuersn nk he lfrje `fkvnk`dfkeh, sn aerå `fkster nh
an`af `fk nh jn`ekdsjf aegdtuehjnktn utdhdzeof pfr he pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, sdk pnrcud`df on rn`urrdr e he anrrejdnkte
euxdhder on ldrje e runbf, on tfof hf `ueh oncerå `fkstek`de nh Kfterdf.
Kfterdf. 
- Eutfrdze`dðk3 @ujphdofs hfs rnqudsdtfs lfrjehns, nh Kfterdf
eutfrdzerå nh dkstrujnktf qun `fktdnkn nh e`unrof on epfyf y
nxpnodrå hes `fpdes on he ns`rdture `fk onstdkf e hfs dktnrnseofs.
dktnrnseofs.  
- Onsdstdjdnktf3 Pn `fksdonrerå qun hfs dktnrnseofs aek onsdstdof on
he sfhd`dtuo on lfrjehdze`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf sd treks`urrn uk
jns onson he ln`ae nk qun sn hn `dtð e nktrnvdste y k
kff `fjpern`nk f
onson he ln`ae nk qun nh dkstrujnktf lun punstf e su odspfsd`dðk sdk
qun `fk`urrek e su ftfrbejdnktf. 
ftfrbejdnktf. 
- ]ughd`doeo3 Onktrf on hfs f`af (1) oêes sdbudnktns
s dbudnktns e he eutfrdze`dðk
on he ns`rdture póghd`e on lfrjehdze`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf, nh
Kfterdf dk`frpfrerå nh tråjdtn nk nh Pdstnje on Dklfrje`dðk on he
@fk`dhde`dðk, nh Ergdtrecn y he Ejdbeghn @fjpfsd`dðk (PD@EE@},
eojdkdstreof pfr nh Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de y onh Onrn`af 
Onrn`af  
 

Jfonhf3 NH Jfonhf sn nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he

Jfonhf3
`erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
- ]rf`nsf ektn `fk`dhdeofrns
`fk`dhdeofrns nxtrecuod`dehns nk onrn`af
onrn`af..

-onh
Pfhd`dtuo.
Pfhd`dtuo. He
e`tf f He sfhd`dtuo
pfr qudnk pforå snr`fjf
lukbdrêe prnsnkteoe
epfyf,pfr he pnrsfke
ektn tdtuher
nh @nktrf on
@fk`dhde`dðk on jeknre ns`rdte f vnrgeh, njphnekof hfs jnodfs
prnsnk`dehns y rnjftfs odspunstfs pere nhhf, prn`dsekof hfs
sdbudnktns oetfs3
e.  Kfjgrn, donktdld`e`dðk, nsteof `dvdh, odrn``dðk y oetfs on
`fkte`tf onh sfhd`dtektn.
g.  Nxdstnk`de f kf on e`unrofs on epfyf f on odrn`tdves

ektd`dpeoes vdbnktns.
`.  E`tue`dfkns y e`tfs pere hfs qun prn`dse he lfrjehdze`dðk
on epfyfs f on odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes.
o.  Kfjgrn y oetfs on `fkte`tf on he f hes pnrsfkes
keturehns f curêod`es qun onsdbkerå `fjf epfyf.
n.  Hfs tråjdtns on lfrjehdze`dðk on e`unrofs on epfyf sn
sustnktek ókd`ejnktn nk he nxprnsdðk on vfhukteo on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo. Nk `fksn`unk`de, nk kdkbuke
on sus ntepes sn rnqudnrn `fkter `fk uk dklfrjn on
vehfre`dðk on epfyfs nxpnodof pfr uke nktdoeo
prnsteofre on nsn snrvd`df. @fk tfof, sd nh tdtuher onh e`tf
`unkte `fk uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs, punon eknxerhe e he
sfhd`dtuo sd nse ns su vfhukteo, pere qun sne tnkdoe `fjf
uk dksujf pere donktdld`er hfs ecustns rezfkeghns qun he
pnrsfke rnqudnrn ourektn nh tråjdtn.
l.  He lfrje on `fjukd`e`dðk y `dte`dðk prnlnrdoe pfr he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf.
 

b.  Pd he pnrsfke kn`nsdte etnk`dðk ofjd`dhderde f usf on ehbók

jn`ekdsjf tn`kfhðbd`f.
Wnpertf. ^ke vnz prnsnkteoes hes sfhd`dtuons on lfrjehdze`dðk on
Wnpertf.
e`unrofs on epfyf y on odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes, sn prf`nonrå e su
rnpertf nktrn qudnkns dktnbrnk he hdste on `fk`dhdeofrns lfrjeofs nk
he Hny 544< on 7=54.
@dte`dðk. Nh `fk`dhdeofr ongnrå hhnver e `egf he `dte`dðk, e treväs on
@dte`dðk.
jnodfs e``nsdghns on e`unrof `fk hes kn`nsdoeons on qudnkns
dktnrvnkoråk nk nh tråjdtn, on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f y
on qudnkns nhhe prfpfkn `fjf su epfyf, `fklfrjn e hf nsteghn`dof
nk he Hny <?= on 7==5.

Euodnk`de ]rdveoe.
]rdveoe. @fk
on sus`rdp`dðk  @fk ektnrdfrdoeo
onh e`unrof on epfyf fe on
he rnehdze`dðk on he euodnk`de
odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, nh
`fk`dhdeofr rnehdzerå uke euodnk`de prdveoe `fk he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, nk he qun vnrdld`erå qun ns su
vfhukteo sus`rdgdr nh e`unrof on epfyf f odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe. Nk nste
euodnk`de pforåk pertd`dper pnrsfkes on ftres ods`dphdkes qun
le`dhdtnk he dktnre``dðk y nh odåhfbf `fk he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo,
snbók `rdtnrdf onh `fk`dhdeofr, esê `fjf pnrsfkes qun hhnvnk e `egf

uke hegfr on jnode`dðk hdkbøêstd`e y `fjukd`e`dfkeh, nk nh `esf nk

qun nhhf sne kn`nserdf. Nh `fk`dhdeofr oncerå nxprnse
nx prnse `fkstek`de on he
rnehdze`dðk on he euodnk`de prdveoe, prn`dsekof sd he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo odf sdbkfs dknquêvf`fs on `fjprnkonr nh tråjdtn on
sus`rdp`dðk on e`unrof on epfyf f odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, esê `fjf on
he nxprnsdðk hdgrn on su vfhukteo
v fhukteo on eonhekter od`af tråjdtn, nxnkte
on vdfhnk`de, nrrfr, nkbeõf f jekdpuhe`dðk.
Euodnk`de on sus`rdp`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf f odrn`tdve

ektd`dpeoe.  Nh `fk`dhdeofr odrdbdrå he euodnk`de y vnrdld`erå qun ns

ektd`dpeoe. 
vfhukteo on qudnkns nk nhhe dktnrvdnknk, sus`rdgdr nh e`unrof on
 

epfyf f he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe. Ourektn he euodnk`de nh `fk`dhdeofr

nxphd`erå nk quä `fksdstn nh e`unrof on epfyfs f `uåh ns nh eh`ek`n
on he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, hes fghdbe`dfkns y `fksn`unk`des qun on
nstfs dkstrujnktfs sn onrdvek pere qudnkns hfh f sus`rdgnk, vnrdld`erå nh
`ujphdjdnktf on hfs rnqudsdtfs nsteghn`dofs nk nh ertê`uhf ?? on he
Hny 544< on 7=54 y he dknxdstnk`de on hes `eusehns on dkaegdhdoeo
`fktnkdoes nk nh ertê`uhf ?> on nse kfrjetdve. _ejgdäk prfpfkorå
pfsdghns sehvebueroes pere qun snek tnkdoes nk `unkte `fjf pertn
onh e`unrof.
@fkstek`de on kf sus`rdp`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf. 
epfyf.  Nk equnhhfs
nvnktfs trejdteofs ektn @nktrfs on @fk`dhde`dðk nk hfs qun kf sne
pfsdghn hhnber e he sus`rdp`dðk on uk e`unrof on epfyf, sn nxpnodrå he
`fkstek`de oekof `unkte on nste sdtue`dðk. Esê jdsjf, sn dklfrjerå
e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, e`nr`e on su
onrn`af e `fkvf`er pfr uke vnz jås onktrf onh jdsjf tråjdtn, e
ftres pnrsfkes qun punoek e`tuer `fjf su epfyf, sdk pnrcud`df onh
onrn`af qun hn esdstn e dkd`der `fk pfstnrdfrdoeo uk tråjdtn kunvf.
Nste `nrtdld`e`dðk ongnrå snr dk`frpfreoe nk nh PD@EE@.
Onpertejnktf Eojdkdstretdvf
Eojdkdstretdvf on he Luk`dðk ]óghd`e On`rntf 5?74 on
7=7= < N\E - Bnstfr Kfrjetdvf

Pus`rdp`dðk onh E`unrof on Epfyf f odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe. Ebfteof

ektd`dpeoe.  Ebfteof
nh tråjdtn nsteghn`dof nk nh hdtnreh ektnrdfr, nh `fk`dhdeofr prf`nonrå
e he nhegfre`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf f odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe qun
`fkstere nk e`te y qun ongnrå `fktnknr, eonjås on hf nstdpuheof nk
he Hny 544< on 7=54, `fjf jêkdjf hfs sdbudnktns espn`tfs3
E.  @duoeo y ln`ae on sus`rdp`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf.
G.  Donktdld`e`dðk on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f, onh `fk`dhdeofr y on hes onjås pnrsfkes
qun dktnrvnkbek nk nh tråjdtn.
 

@.  Dkodvdouehdze`dðk on he f hes pnrsfkes keturehns f

 curêod`es onsdbkeoes `fjf epfyf, y su rnhe`dðk on
`fkldekze `fk he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
O.  @dr`ukstek`des on huber y ln`ae on rnehdze`dðk on he
euodnk`de prdveoe y su rnsuhteof.
N.  Nh e`tf f e`tfs curêod`fs pere nh `ueh sn sus`rdgn nh
e`unrof on epfyf.
L.  He onhdjdte`dðk y eh`ek`n on hes luk`dfkns onh epfyf.
B.  Hes fghdbe`dfkns qun sn onrdvek on he onsdbke`dðk.
A.  Hes sehvebueroes e`froeoes pfr hes pertns, sd aey huber e
nhhes.
D.  He vdbnk`de onh e`unrof on epfyfs f onh epfyf
nsteghn`dof e treväs on he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, he qun kf
pforå nxtnkonrsn jås ehhå on > eõfs
C.  Nh jnodf e treväs onh `ueh, on snr nh `esf, he pnrsfke on
epfyf `fjukd`erå e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f,
hes `dr`ukstek`des y su on`dsdðk on jfodld`er f pfknr ldk
eh e`unrof f e he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe.
I.  He ldrje on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, he pnrsfke
f pnrsfkes on epfyf onsdbkeoes, y nh `fk`dhdeofr.
 
Jfonhf3 NH Jfonhf
`erpnte nkvdeoe sn nk`unktre
eh `frrnf.  
nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he

`- _nrjdke`dðk y jfodld`e`dðk
jfodld`e`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyfs3
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun nh on`rntf 5?74 onh 7=7= nsteghn`n qun he
tnrjdke`dðk onh e`unrof punon rnehdzersn nk `uehqudnr kfterde f
`nktrf on `fk`dhde`dðk, ns on`dr, kf kn`nserdejnktn nk he qun sn
sus`rdgdð dkd`dehjnktn nh e`unrof, pere nhhf, sn ongnrå ehhnber he
ns`rdture póghd`e f nh e`te on `fk`dhde`dðk e he nktdoeo. Ftfrbeoe he

ns`rdture póghd`e
uk `nrtdld`eof `fkononstdkf
tnrjdke`dðk nh Kfterdf
e he Kfterêe qun hepere
on frdbnk eutfrdzð nxpnodrå
qun, `fk gesn
 

nk äh, `fksdbkn nk nh frdbdkeh he kfte treksvnrseh qun nxprnsn su

tnrjdke`dðk, dkod`ekof nh kójnrf y ln`ae on he ns`rdture póghd`e, eh
dbueh qun he Kfterêe ofkon sn sfhnjkdzð he tnrjdke`dðk. Nk nh `esf
` esf on
hfs `nktrfs on `fk`dhde`dðk nh `fk`dhdeofr qun he eutfrdzð nxpnodrå uk
`nrtdld`eof `fk onstdkf eh `nktrf on `fk`dhde`dðk on frdbnk pere qun
sn eocuktn nk he `erpnte `frrnspfkodnktn onh `esf, y qunon
`fkstek`de on su tnrjdke`dðk. Nk nstn sn dkod`erå nh kójnrf on
reod`eof y ln`ae onh e`te on tnrjdke`dðk, eh dbueh qun nh `nktrf on
`fk`dhde`dðk ofkon sn lfrjehdzð he tnrjdke`dðk, y nh `fk`dhdeofr qun
he sus`rdgdð.
Nh Kfterdf f `nktrf on `fk`dhde`dðk qun eutfrdzð he ns`rdture póghd`e
on tnrjdke`dðk, dk`frpfrerå nh e`tf nk nh Pdstnje on Dklfrje`dðk on
he @fk`dhde`dðk, nh Ergdtrecn y he Ejdbeghn @fjpfsd`dðk (PD@EE@),
eojdkdstreof pfr nh Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de y onh Onrn`af, onktrf on
hfs trns (0) oêes sdbudnktns72.
He tnrjdke`dðk onh epfyf sn punon oer pfr > `eusehns odlnrnktns e
segnr3
5- Jutuf e`unrof3 Hes
e`unrof3 Hes pertns nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf y pfr `fksnksf
punonk oer pfr tnrjdkeof nh e`unrof, pere nhhf y tnkdnkof nk `unkte
nh prdk`dpdf snbók nh `ueh nk onrn`af hes `fses sn onsae`nk `fjf sn
ae`nk, ongnråk e`nr`ersn e `uehqudnr kfterde f `nktrf on
`fk`dhde`dðk pere qun, jnodektn ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on
`fk`dhde`dðk snbók nh `esf, sn oä pfr tnrjdkeof nh e`unrof on epfyf.
7- On`dsdðk ukdhetnreh onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 He
curêod`f3 He pnrsfke tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f punon tnrjdker on jeknre ukdhetnreh uk e`unrof on
epfyfs prnvdejnktn `nhngreof nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf.

72
 EW_Ê@^HF 7.7.?.>.7.> On`rntf 5?74 onh 7=7=.
 

Nk nstn nvnktf nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sfhnjkdzerå su

ontnrjdke`dðk e treväs on ns`rdture póghd`e f e`te on `fk`dhde`dðk
qun ftfrbun ektn `uehqudnr Kfterdf f `nktrf on `fk`dhde`dðk. Nste
on`dsdðk snrå `fjukd`eoe pfr nh Kfterdf f `fk`dhdeofr e he pnrsfke
on epfyf, e he odrn``dðk rnbdstreoe nk nh e`unrof on epfyf.
0- On`dsdðk ukdhetnreh on he pnrsfke on epfyf3 He
epfyf3  He pnrsfke on epfyf
punon tnrjdker on jeknre ukdhetnreh uk e`unrof on epfyfs
prnvdejnktn `nhngreof gecf hfs sdbudnktns peråjntrfs3
He pnrsfke on epfyf `fjukd`erå su on`dsdðk e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f, `fksdbkekof hes `dr`ukstek`des qun lukoejnktek su
ontnrjdke`dðk. ]ere nhhf sn njphnerå nh jnodf on `fjukd`e`dðk
nsteghn`dof nk nh e`unrof on epfyfs, y on nste e`tue`dðk sn
prnsnkterå he `frrnspfkodnktn nvdonk`de ektn nh Kfterdf f
`fk`dhdeofr.
?- Junrtn on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 
curêod`f3   he junrtn on he
pnrsfke oerå huber e he tnrjdke`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf, nk nstn
nvnktf gesterå `fk ehnber nh e`te on onluk`dðk.
>- Junrtn on he pnrsfke on epfyf3 he
epfyf3  he junrtn on he pnrsfke oerå
huber e he tnrjdke`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf, nk nstn nvnktf gesterå

`fk ehhnber nh e`te on onluk`dðk pere esdbker uk kunvf epfyf.

\- ODWN@_D\EP
ODWN@_D\EP EK_D@D]EOEP.
Hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes sfk uke anrrejdnkte pfr jnodf on he `ueh
uke pnrsfke, jeyfr on noeo punon nsteghn`nr he nxprnsdðk ldonodbke
on vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des nk on`dsdfkns rnhetdves e ukf f verdfs
e`tfs curêod`fs, `fk ektnhe`dðk e hfs jdsjfs. Nstes on`dsdfkns punonk
vnrser sfgrn esuktfs on sehuo, ldkek`dnrfs f pnrsfkehns, nktrn ftrfs
e`tfs nk`ejdkeofs e tnknr nln`tfs curêod`fs 71.

71
 Ertd`uhf 75 hny 544< onh 7=54
 

Nk @fhfjgde e oderdf ju`aes pnrsfkes sfk odebkfstd`eoes `fk

nklnrjnoeons knurfonbnknretdves sdnkof he jås `fjók he
Nklnrjnoeo on Ehzandjnr. Pfk nklnrjnoeons qun nk su jeyfrêe kf
tdnkn `ure, sfhf tretejdnktf pere rntreser nh evek`n on nste, pnrf qun
nvnktuehjnktn hhnberå he ln`ae nk qun he pnrsfke kf pforå onpnkonr
on sê jdsjf kd nxprnser su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de. ]ere nstfs `esfs
he pnrsfke punon fpter pfr nsteghn`nr ukes odrn`trd`ns e luturf, nk
nhhe ontnrjdker pfr ncnjphf qun uk lejdhder sn aebe `erbf on he
eojdkdstre`dðk on sus gdnkns, ftrf sn nk`erbun on su `udoeof nt`.
Ns on ekfter qun hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes ye sn nk`fktregek
rdbdnkof nk nh peês dk`husf ektns on he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he hny
544< onh 7=54 pnrf sfhf pere `esfs nx`np`dfkehns rnhe`dfkeofs `fk
he sehuo, nh Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de y onh Onrn`af `fhfjgdekf
` fhfjgdekf sn
rnldnrn e hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes `fjf he tfje on on`dsdfkns `fk
epfyf lrnktn e uk tretejdnktf jäod`f y rnsehte qun tdnknk
ephd`egdhdoeo nk nh årne on he sehuo y he jnod`dke, nk pertd`uher lrnktn
e he nutekesde y eh onrn`af e jfrdr odbkejnktn74.
Eh rnspn`tf, nxpfkn3 Pfk uk `fk`nptf qun sn ae ephd`eof
treod`dfkehjnktn nk nh årne on he jnod`dke y he sehuo. Ästn ae`n
rnlnrnk`de e hfs of`ujnktfs hnbehns qun pnrjdtnk vnrdld`er he
vfhukteo on uke pnrsfke lrnktn e ontnrjdkeof tretejdnktf jäod`f
y qun ongnk snr tnkdoes nk `unkte nk nh jfjnktf nk qun he pnrsfke
kf tdnkn he `epe`doeo jnkteh on
o n tfjer uke on`dsdðk. ]rdk`dpehjnktn
ae sdof utdhdzeof nk `esfs on nutekesde, pnrf ns he pfsture
bnknrehdzeoe nk jetnrde on ods`epe`doeo psd`fsf`deh qun nste ldbure
sn punon user tejgdäk `uekof uke pnrsfke nktre nk uke `rdsds. He

74
 HEP ODWN@_D\EP EK_D@D]EOEP3 WNLHNQDFKNP C^WÊOD@EP NK NH PDP_NJE HNBEH @FHFJGDEKF Tejeh Nhêes
Hneh nspnr ukdvnrsdoeo on pejphfke.
 

odrn`tdve dk`hudrå nktfk`ns espn`tfs qun vek jås ehhå on hf jäod`f

`fjf pfr ncnjphf nh jekncf onh petrdjfkdf0=.
Nk od`aes odrn`tdves hes pnrsfkes punonk nsteghn`nr hfs tretejdnktfs
jäod`fs e hfs qun qudnrn f kf qudnrn snr sfjntdof, pere hf `ueh
`fjukd`e e hfs prflnsdfkehns jäod`fs nh onsnf rnspn`tf on `dnrtes
on`dsdfkns nspn`êld`es, `fjf, pfr ncnjphf, sd onsne f kf snr
`fkn`teof e uk rnspdreofr ertdld`deh, qun sn hn ephdqun uk
jnod`ejnktf nk pertd`uher nt`.
5- Odspfsd`dfkns Bnknrehns3 
Bnknrehns3  Hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes tdnkn nh
jdsjf prf`nodjdnktf qun hfs e`unrofs on epfyf, nstes ongnråk
sus`rdgdrsn jnodektn ns`rdture póghd`e ektn kfterdf f jnodektn e`te
on `fk`dhde`dðk ektn `fk`dhdeofrns nxtrecuod`dehns.
Equnhhes pnrsfkes odstdktes e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf qun
eoqudnrek fghdbe`dfkns on ae`nr nk `ujphdjdnktf on he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des nxprnseoes pfr jnodf on uke odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, y
qun sus`rdgek he jdsje, sn nktnkonråk `fjf pnrsfkes on epfyf y
nsteråk sucntes e hes rnbhes on rnspfksegdhdoeo nsteghn`does pere
nstfs nln`tfs nk he prnsnktn hny.
Hes on`dsdfkns nxprnseoes `fk ektnrdfrdoeo eh e`tf curêod`f pfr

jnodf on uke odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe sfk on fghdbetfrdf `ujphdjdnktf

pere hes pnrsfkes on epfyf onsdbkeoes e treväs on he odrn`tdve
ektd`dpeoe
He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun rnehd`n uke odrn`tdve
ektd`dpeoe pforå dk`hudr nk he jdsje uke `håusuhe on vfhukteo
pnrnkkn, pfr jnodf on he `ueh dkvehdoe on jeknre ektd`dpeoe hes
on`here`dfkns on vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des qun nxprnsn `fk
pfstnrdfrdoeo e he sus`rdp`dðk on he odrn`tdve
o drn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, sdnjprn qun
0=
 Jerêe Cfsä Jfktfye Here, Lnonrd`f Dseze ]dnoreadte y Cuek Oevdo @eje`af Pektfyf, Onrn`af y
ods`epe`doeo3 nh onrn`af e on`dodr (Gfbftå3 Ns`unhe Cuod`deh Wfordbf Here Gfkdhhe, ^kdvnrsdoeo on hfs Ekons,
 

`fktreodbek hes on`dsdfkns nsteghn`does nk nste. Od`ae `håusuhe pforå

snr jfodld`eoe, sustdtudoe f rnvf`eoe.
7- Pus`rdp`dðk on he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe3 ]ere
ektd`dpeoe3 ]ere he sus`rdp`dðk on he
odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe sn ongn snbudr nh jdsjf trejdtn `fksebreof
pere he lfrjehdze`dðk onh e`unrof on epfyf nsteghn`dof nk nh `epêtuhf
D\ onh prnsnktn hdgrf.
0- @fktnkdof on hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes3
ektd`dpeoes3 Hes
 Hes odrn`tdves ektd`dpeoes
ongnråk `fkster pfr ns`rdtf y `fktnknr, `fjf jêkdjf, hfs sdbudnktns
espn`tfs3
5. @duoeo y ln`ae on nxpnod`dðk onh of`ujnktf.
7. Donktdld`e`dðk on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun rnehdze he
odrn`tdve y, nk `esf on nster rnehdzåkofhe `fk pnrsfkes on epfyf, he
donktdld`e`dðk on nstes.
0. Pd aey pnrsfkes on epfyf `fhegfrekof `fk he `rne`dðk onh
of`ujnktf, sn ongnrå oncer `fkstek`de on aegnr ods`utdof `fk nh
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f hes `fksn`unk`des f djphd`e`dfkns on hfs e`tfs
dk`hudofs nk hes odrn`tdves pere su vdoe.
?. He jekdlnste`dðk on vfhukteo on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f
nk he qun snõehn hes on`dsdfkns ektd`dpeoes qun gus`e lfrjehdzer.
>. Ldrje on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
<. Ldrje on he pnrsfke on epfyf f pnrsfkes on epfyf onsdbkeoes nk
he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe.
?- Jfodld`e`dðk, sustdtu`dðk y rnvf`e`dðk3 Of`ujnktf
rnvf`e`dðk3 Of`ujnktf on odrn`tdve
ektd`dpeoe punon snr jfodld`eof, sustdtudof f rnvf`eof nk `uehqudnr
jfjnktf pfr qudnk hf sus`rdgdð, jnodektn nh jdsjf tråjdtn surtdof
pere su `rne`dðk, snõehekof nxphê`dtejnktn he vfhukteo on jfodld`er,
 

sustdtudr f rnvf`er he odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, snbók sne nh `esf, nk hfs

sdbudnktns tärjdkfs3
5. Jfodld`e`dðk
Jfodld`e`dðk33 Nh of`ujnktf on odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe sn nktnkonrå
jfodld`eof `uekof sn `ejgdn on jeknre per`deh nh `fktnkdof on
nstn.
7. Pustdtu`dðk3
Pustdtu`dðk3 Nh of`ujnktf on odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe sn nktnkonrå
sustdtudof `uekof sn hn prdvn on nln`tfs eh `fktnkdof frdbdkeh,
ftfrbekof nln`tfs curêod`fs e ukf kunvf nk su huber.
0. Wnvf`e`dðk3 Nh
Wnvf`e`dðk3 Nh of`ujnktf on odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe sn nktnkonrå
rnvf`eof `uekof he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf jekdldnstn su vfhukteo
on oncer sdk nln`tfs onh `fktnkdof on nstn on jeknre onldkdtdve.

\D - EOC^OD@E@DÐK C^OD@DEH ON E]FTFP.

He Eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs
 curêod`fs ns nh prf`nsf cuod`deh pfr jnodf onh `ueh sn onsdbkek
onsdbkek epfyfs
epfyfs
lfrjehns e uke pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo jeyfr on noeo, pere nh
ncnr`d`df on su `epe`doeo hnbeh lrnktn e ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs
`fk`rntfs05 
Nxdstnk ofs prf`nodjdnktfs pere eonhekter he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on
epfyfs he `ueh verêe snbók he pnrsfke qun hf dkd`de.
5- Pn eonhekterå pfr jnodf onh prf`nodjdnktf on curdsod``dðk
vfhukterde, `uekof sne prfjfvdof pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f.
]ere nstn prf`nsf kf kn`nserdejnktn he pnrsfke ongn tnknr uke
ods`epe`doeo `fjf teh, tejgdäk punon snr dkd`deoe pfr uke pnrsfke
`fk uke noeo evekzeoe y qudnre onsdbker e uk epfyf pere qun rnehd`n
nsfs tråjdtns, pere nstf ongn nxdstdr uk jekoetf nxprnsf on he

05
 Ertê`uhf 0? hny 544< onh 7=54
 

pnrsfke tdtuher pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su

kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk.
7- On jeknre nx`np`dfkeh he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs sn
trejdterå pfr jnodf on uk prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf `uekof sne
prfjfvdof pfr pnrsfke odstdkte eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f (he pnrsfke
pn rsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f ongn nk`fktrersn nk djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute).
5- ]rf`nodjdnktf on curdsod``dðk vfhukterde
e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns
@fjf sn jnk`dfkð ektnrdfrjnktn, nstn prf`nsf ns e``dfkeof pfr nh
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, ns on`dr pfr he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo qun
rnqudnre he eocuod`e`dðk on ukf f verdfs epfyfs, pfr hf qun su
pertd`dpe`dðk e hf herbf onh prf`nsf ns on `erå`tnr fghdbetfrdf sf pnke
on he kuhdoeo onh prf`nsf07. Eonjås, ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun nk
nstn prf`nsf sn ongn tnknr nk `unkte y levfrn`nr he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf lrnktn eh tdpf y he
dktnksdoeo on epfyf pere he `nhngre`dðk on nstn.
Nk nstn prf`nsf nh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f punon sfhd`dter he
esdbke`dðk on epfyf pere trns nvnktfs3
5- Onsne uk epfyf pere pfonr jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de,
oeof qun kf punon ae`nrhf pfr sê jdsjf, ncnjphf on nhhf ns uke
pnrsfke `fk uke ods`epe`doeo pere aegher, y qun ongn user nh
hnkbuecn on snões pere `fjukd`ersn.
7- He pnrsfke onsne `fjprnkonr uk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f, nstf
punon su`nonr pfrqun he pnrsfke tdnkn uke ods`epe`doeo jnkteh qun
kf hn pnrjdtn `fjprnkonr onh tfof hes `fksn`unk`des nh e`tf
 curêod`f, f pfrqun ns ekehlegnte, f ns uke pnrsfke `fk uke

07
 Kujnreh 5 ertd`uhf 0? hny 544< onh 7=54
 

ods`epe`doeo vdsueh, pfr nkon, kn`nsdte uk epfyf pere qun hn hne nh

of`ujnktf y segnr qun nstå ldrjekof.
0- He pnrsfke onsne qun nh epfyf hf Wnprnsnktn nk ontnrjdkeof
e`tf curêod`f, gdnk sne pfrqun ns uke pnrsfke `fk uke noeo evekzeoe
y hn ns odlê`dh nster onsphezåkofsn e odlnrnktns huberns, f tdnkn uke
ods`epe`doeo lêsd`e qun hn odld`uhte jfvdhdzersn, nk nstn nvnktf
eonjås on sfhd`dter qun hn kfjgrn uk epfyf ongnrå nxdstdr uk
jekoetf nxprnsf on he pnrsfke tdtuher pere qun nh epfyf nln`tón ukf
f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk. Nstn
jekoetf sn punon phesjer nk he onjekoe y pnodr eh cunz qun esê hf
onsdbkn nk he snktnk`de.
Ns djpfrtektn rn`eh`er he sdjdhdtuo onh ldk on nstn prf`nsf `fk nh
jn`ekdsjf kfterdeh on e`unrofs on epfyf, sd ekehdzejfs nh ldk ns nh
jdsjf, pfr ncnjphf, Cuek kn`nsdte qun jerêe sne su epfyf eh
jfjnktf on rnehdzer he vnkte on uk epertejnktf y he pfstnrdfr
`fjpre on uke `ese, nk nstn `esf cuek punon e`uodr e he kfterde y
ae`nr uk e`unrof on epfyf f nk su onln`tf e`uodr e uk cuzbeof y
sfhd`dter he eocuod`e`dðk onh epfyf.
Nktrn hes rezfkns pfr hes qun uke pnrsfke on`don sfhd`dter nh epfyf
vêe prf`nsf cuod`deh tnknjfs3
5- @uekof he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo kf tdnkn ehbudnk on
`fkldekze pere onsdbkerhf `fjf epfyf, nk nstn `esf nh cunz on
lejdhde onsdbkerå uk onlnksfr pnrsfkeh on he Onlnksfrêe onh
]unghf, qun prnstn hfs epfyfs rnqunrdofs pere he rnehdze`dðk on
hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun onsdbkn nh tdtuher 00.
Nstf sn oe nk hfs nvnktfs nk qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo
kf `unktn `fk lejdhderns `nr`ekfs, ye sne pfrqun kf tdnkn

00
 Ertê`uhf 5? hny 544< onh 7=54
 

lejdhderns, f sd hfs tdnkn hfs jdsjfs vdvnk hncfs (lunre onh peês,
pfr ncnjphf) f nk su onln`tf kf `fklêe nk hfs lejdhderns. @fjf
kf tdnkn uke pnrsfke pere pfstuherhe `fjf epfyf cuod`deh, hn
sfhd`dtere eh cunz qun hn onsdbkn ukf, nh `ueh `fjf sn nxphd`ð
ektnrdfrjnktn snrå uk onlnksfr on he onlnksfrêe onh punghf.
7- @uekof he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo kf tdnkn `nrtnze on qun
`hesn on epfyf kn`nsdte pere uk e`tf curêod`f, f nk su onln`tf
kf tdnkn `nrtnze on he dofkndoeo onh epfyf pere he rnehdze`dðk
onh e`tf curêod`f.
Nstf su`non nk hfs nvnktfs qun he pnrsfke kf snpe `fk
nxe`tdtuo nh tdpf on epfyf doðknf, pfr ncnjphf, he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo qudnrn rnehdzer uk prf`nodjdnktf pere kf tnknr
adcfs nk nh luturf, y kf segn quä tdpf on epfyf kn`nsdte pere
nsn prf`nodjdnktf, f nk su onln`tf, kf segn sd uk lejdhder eh
qun qudnrn onsdbker `fjf epfyf ns uke pnrsfke doðkne pere
nhhf.
-@rdtnrdfs bnknrehns pere he e`tue`dðk cuod`deh3
Nh rfh prdk`dpeh onh Cunz nk nstn prf`nsf ns vnrdld`er qun
nln`tdvejnktn ns he vfhukteo on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo sfhd`dter
he eocuod`e`dðk on nsfs epfyfs, y kf qun nstå sdnkof `fe``dfkeof. Ns
pfr nhhf pfr hf qun nh cunz ongn tnknr nk `unkte he rnhe`dðk on
`fkldekze nktrn he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf y he f hes pnrsfkes qun
snråk onsdbkeoes pere prnster epfyf nk he `nhngre`dðk on nstfs.
]ere vnrdld`er qun he pnrsfke kf nstå sdnkof `fe``dfkeoe nh cunz
tnkorå nk `unkte he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs epfrteoes eh jfjnktf on
he prnsnkte`dðk on he onjekoe, nste ongn snr rnehdzeoe on e`unrof
`fk hes kfrjes tä`kd`es nsteghn`does pfr nh Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh. Pd nh
 cunz `fksdonre qun nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk
vehfre`dðk on epfyf epfrteof ns
dksuld`dnktn pere nsteghn`nr epfyfs, pforå sfhd`dter uke kunve
 

vehfre`dðk on epfyf y fld`der e hfs nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs on

rnehdzerhfs. Nk nstn puktf `egn eovnrtdr qun, sd gdnk he hny 544< onh
7=54 nk nh ertê`uhf 55 nsteghn`dð qun he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs pforå
snr rnehdzeof pfr nktns póghd`fs f prdveof, nh ertd`uhf 02 kujnreh 0
on he kfrje nk jnk`dðk, sfhf hn pnrjdtn eh cunz fld`der e nktdoeons
póghd`es pere sfhd`dterhes, sn onou`n qun hn qunoe prfadgdof eh cunz
fld`der e nktdoeons prdveoes.
Nk nh prf`nsf sn punon sfhd`dter, pfr ncnjphf3
- He eocuod`e`dðk on uk epfyf pere rnehdzer uk e`tf curêod`f,
nstf ns pfr ncnjphf qun sn eocuodqun uk epfyf pere he `fjpre
on uke `ese.

- He eocuod`e`dðk on uk epfyf pere rnehdzer verdfs e`tfs

 curêod`fs, nstf ns pfr ncnjphf qun sn eocuodqun uk epfyf pere
he vnkte on uk epertejnktf y `fksn`unktnjnktn he `fjpre on
uke `ese y `rner uke njprnse.
- He eocuod`e`dðk on verdfs epfyfs pere rnehdzer verdfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs, nstf ns uk epfyf pere he vnkte on uk epertejnktf,
ftrf epfyf pere he `fjpre on uke `ese, uk epfyf pere `rner
uke njprnse nt`.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun hn nstå prfadgdof eh cunz prfkuk`dersn
sfgrn he kn`nsdoeo on epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs
sfgrn hfs qun kf vnrsn nh prf`nsf0?.
- Ecustns rezfkeghns3  Nk tfoes hes ntepes on hfs prf`nsfs on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs, dk`hudoe he on prnsnkte`dðk on he
onjekoe, sn ongnrå berektdzer he odspfkdgdhdoeo on hfs ecustns
rezfkeghns qun punoek rnqunrdrsn pere he `fjukd`e`dðk on he
dklfrje`dðk rnhnvektn, esê `fjf pere setdsle`nr hes onjås

0?
 Hdtnreh n, kujnreh 1 ertd`uhf 02 hny 544< onh 7=54
 

kn`nsdoeons pertd`uherns qun he pnrsfke rnqudnre pere pnrjdtdr su

e``nsdgdhdoeo0>.
Hf ektnrdfr sdbkdld`e qun sd he pnrsfke sfhf sn punon `fjukd`er nk uk
hnkbuecn nspn`dld`f, pfr ncnjphf, hnkbuecn on snões f sdstnje Gredhhn
G redhhn
nh cunz ongnrå odspfknr on uk treou`tfr on snões f tnxtfs nk gredhhn
pere `fjukd`esn `fk he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
Hfs cun`ns ongnråk odspfknr on jås tdnjpf nk hes euodnk`des `fk he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f pere esnburer qun he dklfrje`dðk
qun sn nstå oekof sne gdnk nktnkodoe pfr he pnrsfke, nstf tnk
tnkdnkof
dnkof
nk `unkte qun sd sn kn`nsdte on treou`tfr ns prfgeghn qun he
euodnk`de sn eherbun jås on hf aegdtueh.

Nxdstnk nktdoeons onh Nsteof `fjf nh Dkstdtutf Ke`dfkeh pere @dnbfs

 ‐
 ‐DK@D-,
DK@D-, f nh Dkstdtutf Ke`dfkeh pere Pfrofs -DKPFW- qun punonk
epfyer e hfs cun`ns `fk dktärprntns on hnkbue on snões f tnxtfs nk
Gredhhn, nk nstn `esf nh cunz pforå fld`der
fld`der e he nktdoeo pere
per e qun nh oêe
on he euodnk`de nstä prnsnktn uk dktärprntn on snões f tnxtfs nk
gredhhn snbók nh `esf.
On dbueh jeknre nh Jdk_D@ tdnkn uk snrvd`df hhejeof nh @nktrf on
Wnhnvf nk ofkon, e treväs on he phetelfrje nk dktnrknt, uk dktärprntn
le`dhdterå he `fjukd`e`dðk nktrn nh cunz y he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
- E`tfs curêod`fs sucntfs e rnbdstrf3  hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun dkvfhu`rnk
gdnkns sucntfs e rnbdstrf ongnråk `fkter `fk uke ekfte`dðk on qun
nh e`tf nk `unstdðk lun rnehdzeof utdhdzekof epfyfs.
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns
prf`nsehns
- @fjpntnk`de3 He curdsod``dðk on lejdhde `fkf`n on hfs prf`nsfs on
eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs

0>
 Kujnreh > Ertd`uhf 0? hny 544< onh 7=54
 

 cuod`dehjnktn, esê hf odspfkn nh ertd`uhf 77 kujnreh 2 on he hny 5><?

onh 7=57 jfodld`eof pfr nh ertê`uhf 0> on he hny 544< onh 7=543 
"Ertê`uhf 77. @fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de. Hfs cun`ns
on lejdhde `fkf`nk, nk prdjnre dkstek`de, on hfs sdbudnktns
sdbu dnktns esuktfs3

2. On he eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn".

(Knbrdte lunre on tnxtf) 

He `fjpntnk`de snrå nk vdrtuo on ofs le`tfrns3 pfr uke pertn, nh

fgcntdvf pfr he keturehnze onh prf`nsf y pfr ftre pertn nh le`tfr
tnrrdtfrdeh nk vdrtuo onh lunrf ofjd`dhder pere hf qun sn tnkorå nk
`unkte nh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun `uehqudnr e`tue`dðk cuod`deh rnhe`dfkeoe
`fk pnrsfkes e qudnkns sn hns aeye eocuod`eof epfyfs snrå on
`fjpntnk`de onh Cunz qun aeye `fkf`dof onh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
on epfyfs.
Nh hnbdsheofr eonjås on nsteghn`nr he `fjpntnk`de prdvetdve e hfs
 cuzbeofs on lejdhde, aegdhdtf he ofghn dkstek`de pere nstfs prf`nsfs,
prf `nsfs,
eh nsteghn`nr he `fjpntnk`de nk hfs cun`ns on prdjnre dkstek`de.
- Hnbdtdje`dðk3 Nk nstn prf`nsf nh hnbdtdjeof ns nh tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f qudnk odrn`tejnktn f pfr jnodf on epfonreof ongnrå

dkd`der
vdk`uherhe eonjekoe on curdsod``dðk
he f hes pnrsfkes vfhukterde,
qun prntnkoe y nk nh
onsdbker jdsjf
`fjf ongnrå
epfyf, on
kf `fkter `fk ehbudnk on `fkldekze hn sfhd`dterå eh cunz qun kfjgrn e
uk onlnksfr pnrsfkeh on he onlnksfrêe onh punghf 0<.
- Onjekoe3 He onjekoe ongnrå rnukdr hfs rnqudsdtfs prnvdstfs nk nh
ertê`uhf 17 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf nstf ns3

0<
 Ertê`uhf 5? hny 544< onh 7=54.
 

5. He onsdbke`dðk onh cunz e qudnk sn odrdce3 nk etnk`dðk e he

keturehnze onh prf`nsf y eh le`tfr tnrrdtfrdeh sn ongnrå odrdbdr eh cunz
on lejdhde onh huber onh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
7. Nh kfjgrn y ofjd`dhdf on hes pertns. Pn
pertns.  Pn ongnrå dkod`er nh kójnrf
on donktdld`e`dðk onh onjekoektn, nh onh epfonreof cuod`deh sd lunre
nh `esf y nh on hes pnrsfkes donktdld`eoes `fjf epfyf, esê `fjf
tejgdäk he odrn``dðk on rnsdonk`de on `eoe ukf on nhhfs.
n hhfs.
0. Hf qun sn prntnkoe, nxprnseof `fk prn`dsdðk y `herdoeo. Nk hes
prntnksdfkns ns djpfrtektn donktdld`er `herejnktn y on jeknre
dkodvdoueh hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun rnqunrdråk epfyf, y nk nh `esf qun
snek verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs y verdfs epfyfs sn ongnrå nspn`dld`er on
jeknre `here y prn`dse qun epfyf hn `frrnspfkon e `eoe e`tf
 curêod`f.
Ns djpfrtektn donktdld`er tfofs hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun rnqudnrek
epfyf y `fksdbkerhf nk hes prntnksdfkns, nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte
qun nk kdkbók `esf nh cunz pforå prfkuk`dersn sfgrn he kn`nsdoeo on
epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs sfgrn hfs qun kf vnrsn
nh prf`nsf.
Pd hf qun sn qudnrn ns qun nh epfyf rnprnsnktn nk ukf f verdfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn ongnrå dk`hudr uk
jekoetf nxprnsf on he pnrsfke tdtuher. Nstf punon ae`nrsn nk uk
êtnj onktrf on he onjekoe `fjf nh onh curejnktf nk hes tutnhes.
?. Hfs an`afs qun hn sdrvnk on lukoejnktf e hes prntnksdfkns,
prntnksdfkns ,
ongdoejnktn ontnrjdkeofs, `hesdld`eofs y kujnreofs.
>. On`here`dðk on vfhukteo Nk
vfhukteo Nk he onjekoe sn nsteghn`nrå uk êtnj
`fjf nh curejnktf nk hes tutnhes, pnrf sn onkfjdkerå on`here`dðk
on vfhukteo ofkon ongnrå `fkster su vfhukteo nxprnse on sfhd`dter
epfyfs nk he tfje on on`dsdfkns pere he `nhngre`dðk on ukf f jås
 

e`tfs curêod`fs nk `fk`rntf, y nkuk`dere hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun sn

`nhngrerek02.
Pd he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f onsne qun he pnrsfke on epfyf
nln`tón ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk
ongnrå nsteghn`nrhf jnodektn uk jekoetf nxprnsf nk nh jdsjf
êtnj01.
<. Hes prunges qun sn prntnkoek ae`nr vehnr.
vehnr. Pn punon epfrter he
vehfre`dðk on epfyf f pnodrhn eh cunz qun he fronkn.
2. Hfs lukoejnktfs on onrn`af.
onrn`af. Pn tfjerå `fjf lukoejnktf on
onrn`af he hny 544< onh 7=54, hfs on`rntfs rnbhejnkterdfs y nh @
@ðodbf
ðodbf
Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf.

1. He odrn``dðk lêsd`e y nhn`trðkd`e ofkon

nhn`trðkd`e ofkon hes pertns, y nh epfonreof
onh onjekoektn rn`dgdråk kftdld`e`dfkns pnrsfkehns.
- Eknxfs on he onjekoe3 @fk he onjekoe ongnråk prnsnktersn hfs
sdbudnktns eknxfs3
5- ]fonr
]fonr (nk
 (nk hfs `esfs qun sn prnsnktn
p rnsnktn jnodektn egfbeof)
7- Pn pforå eknxer he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs rnehdzeoe
epfyfs rnehdzeoe eh tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f pfr pertn on uke nktdoeo póghd`e f prdveoe. (Nk
`esf on qun he pnrsfke kf eknxn uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs nh
Cunz pforå sfhd`dter uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs u fld`der e hfs
nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs on rnehdzerhes) Nk tfof `esf, `fjf
jêkdjf, nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs ongnrå `fksdbker3
e) Hfs epfyfs qun he pnrsfke rnqudnrn pere he
`fjukd`e`dðk y he tfje on on`dsdfkns nk hfs espn`tfs qun
he pnrsfke `fksdonrn rnhnvektns. g) Hfs ecustns prf`nsehns
y rezfkeghns qun he pnrsfke rnqudnre pere pertd`dper
02
 Kujnreh 5 ertd`uhf 02 hny 544< onh 7=54
01
 Ertê`uhf ?1 on he hny 544< onh 7=54
 

e`tdvejnktn onh prf`nsf. `) Hes subnrnk`des lrnktn e

jn`ekdsjfs qun pnrjdtek onserrfhher hes `epe`doeons on
he pnrsfke nk rnhe`dðk `fk he tfje on on`dsdfkns pere
eh`ekzer jeyfr eutfkfjêe nk hes jdsjes. o) Hes pnrsfkes
qun punonk e`tuer `fjf epfyf nk he tfje on on`dsdfkns
on he pnrsfke, pere `eoe espn`tf rnhnvektn on su vdoe, y
nk nspn`deh, pere he rnehdze`dðk on hfs e`tfs curêod`fs pfr
hfs `uehns sn dkd`dð nh prf`nsf. n) ^k dklfrjn bnknreh
sfgrn nh prfyn`tf on vdoe on he pnrsfke
- ]rf`nodjdnktf3 nh tråjdtn e snbudr ns nh prf`nsf on Curdsod``dðk
\fhukterde odspunstf nk nh hdgrf tnr`nrf, sn``dðk `uerte, tdtuhf ókd`f,
`epêtuhf D, ertd`uhf >22 y s.s. onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf.
]ere nh tråjdtn onh prf`nsf sn ephd`eråk hes sdbudnktns rnbhes3
5.  ]rnsnkteoe he onjekoe nh cunz nk nh eutf eojdsfrdf fronkere
kftdld`er e hes pnrsfkes qun aeyek sdof donktdld`eoes `fjf
pnrsfkes on epfyf nk he onjekoe y eh Jdkdstnrdf ]ughd`f
7.  Pd he pnrsfke nk he onjekoe prnsnktf nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk
on epfyfs, nh cunz onktrf on hfs `dk`f (>) oêes sdbudnktns,
`frrnrå tresheof on nstn, pfr uk tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes e hes
pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh prf`nsf y eh jdkdstnrdf póghd`f.
0.  Pd he pnrsfke kf prnsnktf nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs,
nh cunz ongnrå fld`der e hfs nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs on
rnehdzerhes, hunbf on rn`dgdof nh dklfrjn nh cunz onktrf on hfs
`dk`f (>) oêes sdbudnktns, `frrnrå tresheof on nstn, pfr uk
tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes e hes pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh
prf`nsf y eh jdkdstnrdf póghd`f.
?.  ^ke vnz `frrdof nh tresheof, nh Cunz on`rnterå hes prunges qun
`fksdonrn kn`nserdes y `fkvf`erå e euodnk`de pere ns`u`aer e
he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, e hes pnrsfkes `dteoes nk nh
 

eutf eojdsfrdf (qudnkns aeyek sdof donktdld`eoes `fjf

pnrsfkes on epfyf y nh ebnktn onh Jdkdstnrdf ]ughd`f) y pere
pre`td`er hes onjås prunges on`rnteoes.
- @fktnkdof on he snktnk`de3 \nk`dof nh tärjdkf prfgetfrdf, sn
od`terå snktnk`de nk he qun ongnrå `fkster3 e) Nh e`tf f e`tfs cu
curêod`fs
rêod`fs
onhdjdteofs pfr he snktnk`de qun rnqudnrnk nh epfyf sfhd`dteof. g) He
dkodvdouehdze`dðk on he f hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes `fjf epfyf. He
onhdjdte`dðk on hes luk`dfkns on he f hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes `fjf
epfyf. o) Hfs prfbrejes on e`fjpeõejdnktf e hes lejdhdes `uekof
snek pnrtdknktns y hes onjås jnodoes qun sn `fksdonrnk kn`nserdes
pere esnburer he eutfkfjêe y rnspntf e he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on
he pnrsfke. n) Nk kdkbók `esf nh Cunz pforå prfkuk`dersn sfgrn he
kn`nsdoeo on epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs sfgrn hfs
qun kf vnrsn nh prf`nsf. l) Hes sehvebuerodes onstdkeoes e nvdter y
esnburer qun kf nxdstek hfs `fklhd`tfs on dktnräs f dklhunk`de
dkongdoe onh epfyf sfgrn he pnrsfke.
Pn rn`fkf`nrå he luk`dðk on epfyf on hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes pere
nhhf. Pd he pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf prnsnkte onktrf on hfs
sdbudnktns `dk`f (>) oêes nx`use, sn kdnbe e snr onsdbkeof `fjf
epfyf, f ehnbe dkaegdhdoeo, sn trejdterå dk`donktn pere on`dodr sfgrn
nh jdsjf
- Nln`tfs on he snktnk`de3 Hes on`here`dfkns y hfs epfyfs qun snek
esdbkeofs prfou`dråk nln`tfs jdnktres kf snek jfodld`eofs f
sustdtudofs pfr ftre snktnk`de, pfr hf ektnrdfr, he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo pere he `nhngre`dðk on hfs e`tfs curêod`fs ongnrå utdhdzer
hfs epfyfs onsdbkeofs nk he snktnk`de nk nh jfjnktf on he
`nhngre`dðk on od`afs e`tfs curêod`fs `fjf rnqudsdtf on vehdonz on
nstfs, on kf ae`nrhf, od`afs e`tfs curêod`fs snråk sek`dfkeofs `fk
kuhdoeo rnhetdve.
 

Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun he kuhdoeo rnhetdve sn prnod`ere sfhf on hfs

e`tfs curêod`fs onhdjdteof nk he snktnk`de on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf,
pfr hf qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pforå rnehdzer ftrfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs odlnrnktn e hfs nstdpuheofs
nstdpuheofs nk
nk he snktnk`de, sdk kn`nsdoeo on
hfs epfyfs y kf bnknrere kdkbuke kuhdoeo.
Pn ongn tnknr nk `unkte qun kf ns fghdbe`dðk on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo e`tuer e`fron eh `rdtnrdf on he pnrsfke qun prnste nh
epfyf, nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun hfs epfyfs ongnk rnspnter
sdnjprn he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo,
esê `fjf su onrn`af e tfjer rdnsbfs y e `fjntnr nrrfrns.
- Jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyfs.
epfyfs.
Nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf, pforåk sfhd`dter he jfodld`e`dðk f
tnrjdke`dðk on hfs epfyfs eocuod`eofs3
e. He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f9
g. He pnrsfke odstdkte qun aeye prfjfvdof nh prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh y qun onjunstrn dktnräs hnbêtdjf pforå
sfhd`dter9
`. He pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf, `uekof jnodn custe `euse9
o. Nh cunz on fld`df.
Nh Cunz ongnrå kftdld`er on nhhf e hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes `fjf
epfyf y e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf, sd ns onh `esf, y `frrnrå tresheof
on he sfhd`dtuo pfr odnz (5=) oêes pere qun nstes sn prfkuk`dnk eh
rnspn`tf.
Nk `esf on kf prnsnktersn fpfsd`dðk, nh Cunz jfodld`erå f tnrjdkerå
he eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs, `fklfrjn e he sfhd`dtuo".
 

- ^kdoeo on e`tue`dfkns y nxpnodnktns3 @uehqudnr e`tue`dðk cuod`deh

rnhe`dfkeoe `fk pnrsfkes e qudnkns sn hns aeye eocuod`eof epfyfs
snrå on `fjpntnk`de onh Cunz qun aeye `fkf`dof onh prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs.
@eoe onspe`af `fkterå `fk uk er`advf on nxpnodnktns dke`tdvfs
sfgrn hes pnrsfkes e qudnkns sn hns aeye eocuod`eof epfyfs nk he
tfje on on`dsdfkns onh `ueh sn punonk rntfjer hes odhdbnk`des,
`uekof nstes sn rnqudnrek. Nk nh nvnktf on rnqunrdrsn nh nkvêf eh
er`advf bnknreh, nstfs nxpnodnktns sn `fksnrveråk nk uke sn``dðk
nspn`deh qun pnrjdte su onser`advf e rnqunrdjdnktf onh cuzbeof.
`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs
e. Jfonhf on pfonr pere eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf prfjfvdof
pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 NH
curêod`f3  NH Jfonhf sn nk`unktre nk
lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
`frrnf.
g. jfonhf pere prnsnkter onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf
prfjfvdof pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.3 
curêod`f.3   NH Jfonhf sn
nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
` frrnf.
7- ]rf`nodjdnktf vnrgeh sujerdf
e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns 
bnknrehns 
Nstn prf`nsf ns e``dfkeof pfr uke pnrsfke odstdkte eh tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f, y sfhf ns prf`nonktn on jeknre nx`np`dfkeh nk ofs
nvnktfs043
e)  he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktre
nk`un ktre egsfhutejnktn
djpfsdgdhdteoe pere jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr
`uehqudnr jnode, jfof y lfrjetf on `fjukd`e`dðk pfsdghn.

04
 Kujnreh 5 ertd`uhf 01 hny 544< onh 7=54
 

g) he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo sn nk`unktrn djpfsdgdhdteoe on

ncnr`nr su `epe`doeo hnbeh y nstf `fkhhnvn e he vuhknre`dðk f
ejnkeze on sus onrn`afs pfr pertn on uk tnr`nrf.
- @rdtnrdfs bnknrehns pere he e`tue`dðk cuod`deh3 Nh rfh prdk`dpeh onh
Cunz nk nstn prf`nsf ns berektdzer hfs onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute. Ns pfr nhhf pfr hf qun nh cunz ongn tnknr nk
`unkte he rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze nktrn he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf y he
f hes pnrsfkes qun snråk onsdbkeoes pere prnster epfyf nk he
`nhngre`dðk on nstfs.
]ere vnrdld`er qun he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre nk djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute
nh cunz tnkorå nk `unkte he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs epfrteoes eh
jfjnktf on he prnsnkte`dðk on he onjekoe, nste ongn snr rnehdzeoe
on e`unrof `fk hes kfrjes tä`kd`es nsteghn`does pfr nh Bfgdnrkf
Ke`dfkeh. Pd nh cunz `fksdonre qun nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyf
epfrteof ns dksuld`dnktn pere nsteghn`nr epfyfs, pforå sfhd`dter uke
kunve vehfre`dðk on epfyf y fld`der e hfs nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs
on rnehdzerhfs. Nk nstn puktf `egn eovnrtdr qun, sd gdnk
g dnk he hny 544< onh
7=54 nk nh ertê`uhf 55 nsteghn`dð qun he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs pforå
snr rnehdzeof pfr nktns póghd`fs f prdveof, nh ertd`uhf 02 kujnreh 0
on he kfrje nk jnk`dðk, sfhf hn pnrjdtn eh cunz fld`der e nktdoeons
póghd`es pere sfhd`dterhes, sn onou`n qun hn qunoe prfadgdof eh cunz
fld`der e nktdoeons prdveoes.
Nk nh prf`nsf sn punon sfhd`dter, pfr ncnjphf3
- He eocuod`e`dðk on uk epfyf pere rnehdzer uk e`tf curêod`f,
nstf ns pfr ncnjphf qun sn eocuodqun uk epfyf pere he `fjpre
on uke `ese.
- He eocuod`e`dðk on uk epfyf pere rnehdzer verdfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs, nstf ns pfr ncnjphf qun sn eocuodqun uk epfyf pere
 

he vnkte on uk epertejnktf y `fksn`unktnjnktn he `fjpre on

uke `ese y `rner uke njprnse.
- He eocuod`e`dðk on verdfs epfyfs pere rnehdzer verdfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs, nstf ns uk epfyf pere he vnkte on uk epertejnktf,
ftrf epfyf pere he `fjpre on uke `ese, uk epfyf pere `rner
uke njprnse nt`.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun hn nstå prfadgdof eh cunz prfkuk`dersn
sfgrn he kn`nsdoeo on epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs
sfgrn hfs qun kf vnrsn nh prf`nsf?=. 
- Ecustns rezfkeghns3 Nk tfoes hes ntepes on hfs prf`nsfs on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs, dk`hudoe he on prnsnkte`dðk on he
onjekoe, sn ongnrå berektdzer he odspfkdgdhdoeo on hfs ecustns
rezfkeghns qun punoek rnqunrdrsn pere he `fjukd`e`dðk on he
dklfrje`dðk rnhnvektn, esê `fjf pere setdsle`nr hes onjås
kn`nsdoeons pertd`uherns qun he pnrsfke rnqudnre pere pnrjdtdr su
e``nsdgdhdoeo?5.
- E`tfs curêod`fs sucntfs e rnbdstrf3 
rnbdstrf3  hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun dkvfhu`rnk
gdnkns sucntfs e rnbdstrf ongnråk `fkter `fk uke ekfte`dðk on qun
nh e`tf nk `unstdðk lun rnehdzeof utdhdzekof epfyfs?7.
Pdbkdld`e hf ektnrdfr qun nk nh `esf on gdnkns junghns ongn qunoer
he ekfte`dðk nk nh rnbdstrf on dkstrujnktfs póghd`f.
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns
- @fjpntnk`de3 He curdsod``dðk on lejdhde `fkf`n on hfs prf`nsfs on
eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs

?= Hdtnreh n, kujnreh 1 ertd`uhf 02 hny 544< onh 7=54

?5
 Kujnreh > Ertd`uhf 0? hny 544< onh 7=54
?7
 Ertd`uhf >5 on he hny 544< nh 7=54
 

 cuod`dehjnktn, esê hf odspfkn nh ertd`uhf 77 kujnreh 2 on he hny 5><?

onh 7=57 jfodld`eof pfr nh ertê`uhf 0> on he hny 544<
54 4< onh 7=543 
"Ertê`uhf 77. @fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de. Hfs cun`ns
on lejdhde `fkf`nk, nk prdjnre dkstek`de, on hfs sdbudnktns esuktfs3

2. On he eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn".

(Knbrdte lunre on tnxtf)

He `fjpntnk`de snrå nk vdrtuo on ofs le`tfrns3 pfr uke pertn, nh

fgcntdvf pfr he keturehnze onh prf`nsf y pfr ftre pertn nh le`tfr
tnrrdtfrdeh nk vdrtuo onh lunrf ofjd`dhder pere hf qun sn tnkorå nk
`unkte nh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun `uehqudnr e`tue`dðk cuod`deh rnhe`dfkeoe
`fk pnrsfkes e qudnkns sn hns aeye eocuod`eof epfyfs snrå on
`fjpntnk`de onh Cunz qun aeye `fkf`dof onh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
on epfyfs.
Wn`ursfs3 Nk nstfs prf`nsfs prf`non nh rn`ursf on epnhe`dðk oeof
Wn`ursfs3 Nk
qun nh ert 0> on he hny 544< nsteghn`n qun nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyf ns @fjpntnk`de
@fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns
cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre
dkstek`de3
‘Ertê`uhf 0>3 Jfodlêqunsn nh kujnreh 2 `fktnkdof nk nh ertê`uhf 77 on he Hny 5><? on
7=57, qunoerå esê.
"EW_Ê@^HF 77. @fjpntnk`de on hfsh fs cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de. Hfs cun`ns
on lejdhde `fkf`nk, nk prdjnre dkstek`de, on hfs sdbudnktns esuktfs3 2. On he
eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn".

Ns on`dr, qun, eukqun nh tråjdtn e djpertdr nk ns uk vnrgeh sujerdf,

nh `ueh snbók nh peråbrelf 5³ onh ertê`uhf 04= onh @.B.], ns on ókd`e
dkstek`de (‘Hfs prf`nsfs vnrgehns
vnrgehns sujerdfs snråk on ókd`e
dkstek`de‚), nh hnbdsheofr ae pnrjdtdof nx`np`dfkehjnktn he ofghn
dkstek`de nk nstn nspn`deh esuktf, `fjf hf ae an`af nk ftrfs onh
jdsjf hdkecn (hes `fktrfvnrsdes qun sn sus`dtnk rnspn`tf onh ncnr`d`df
nc nr`d`df
 

on he petrde pftnsteo  ‐kujnreh

 ‐kujnreh 0³ ertê`uhf 04= nk erjfkêe `fk nh
ertê`uhf 77 onh @.B.]-).
- Onjekoe3 He onjekoe ongnrå rnukdr hfs rnqudsdtfs prnvdstfs nk nh
ertê`uhf 17 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf nstf ns3
5. He onsdbke`dðk onh cunz e qudnk sn odrdce3 nk etnk`dðk e he
keturehnze onh prf`nsf y eh le`tfr tnrrdtfrdeh sn ongnrå odrdbdr eh cunz
on lejdhde onh huber onh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
7. Nh kfjgrn y ofjd`dhdf on hes pertns. Pn
pertns.  Pn ongnrå dkod`er nh kfjgrn
y kójnrf on donktdld`e`dðk onh tnr`nrf
t nr`nrf `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf qun e`tóe
nk nh prf`nsf, nh onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun sn nk`unktre nk
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, nh onh epfonreof cuod`deh sd lunre nh `esf, nh
on hes pnrsfkes donktdld`eoes `fjf epfyf, sd nstes sfk odlnrnktns eh
tnr`nrf qun dkd`df he e``dðk y hfs lejdhderns jås `nr`ekfs onh tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f.
0. Hf qun sn prntnkoe, nxprnseof `fk prn`dsdðk y `herdoeo. Nk hes
prntnksdfkns ns djpfrtektn donktdld`er `herejnktn y on jeknre
dkodvdoueh hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun rnqunrdråk epfyf, y nk nh `esf qun
snek verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs y verdfs epfyfs sn ongnrå nspn`dld`er on
jeknre `here y prn`dse qun epfyf hn `frrnspfkon e `eoe e`tf
 curêod`f.
?. Hfs an`afs qun hn sdrvnk on lukoejnktf e hes prntnksdfkns,
prntnksdfkns ,
ongdoejnktn ontnrjdkeofs, `hesdld`eofs y kujnreofs.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter nk hfs an`afs qun he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre
egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere jekdlnster su vfhukteo, tnkdnkof
tnkd nkof
nk `unkte qun ns uk prf`nsf nx`np`dfkeh, nxphd`er hes rezfkns
urbnktns pfr hes `uehns sn ongn esdbker uk epfyf, nstf ns, uk rdnsbf
nk nh petrdjfkdf on he pnrsfke.
 

>. He pntd`dðk on hes prunges qun sn prntnkoe ae`nr vehnr.

vehnr . Pn punon
epfrter he vehfre`dðk on epfyf f pnodrhn eh cunz qun he fronkn, esê
`fjf tejgdäk epfrter hes prunges pere onjfstrer he djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute pere jekdlnster su vfhukteo, y onjfstrer nh rdnsbf
dkjdknktn eh petrdjfkdf.
<. Jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh. Ns prf`nonktn nste jnodoe `uekof sn
prf`ure prftnbnr y berektdzer hfs onrn`afs lukoejnktehns on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pfr nk`fktrersn nk rdnsbf dkjdknktn. ^k
ncnjphf sfgrn he prf`nonk`de on he jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh sn oe nk hfs
nvnktfs nk qun he pnrsfke tnkbe uke lehte egsfhute on rn`ursfs, su
ókd`e lunktn on dkbrnsfs sne uke jnseoe pnksdfkeh y he lejdhde kf
`unktn `fk rn`ursfs suld`dnktns pere jektnknrhe, pfr nhhf sn ae`n
kn`nserdf qun, onson he eojdsdðk on he onjekoe, nh onspe`af e``noe
e he jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh y eutfrd`n eh onjekoektn e `fgrer he jnseoe
pnksdfkeh jdnktres sn od`te snktnk`de y sn hn kfjgre `fjf Epfyf
 cuod`deh. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte su lehte egsfhute on rn`ursfs y he
kn`nsdoeo djpnrdfse on qun `unktn `fk nhhfs pere etnkonr sus
kn`nsdoeons gåsd`es, jåxdjn qun ns uke pnrsfke nk nsteof on
ongdhdoeo jekdldnste n dkonlnksdðk pfr nkon on nspn`deh prftn``dðk
`fkstdtu`dfkeh.

2. Hfs lukoejnktfs on onrn`af.

onrn`af. Pn tfjerå `fjf lukoejnktf on
onrn`af he hny 544< onh 7=54 y nh @ðodbf
@ ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf.
1. He odrn``dðk lêsd`e y nhn`trðkd`e ofkon
nhn`trðkd`e ofkon hes pertns, y nh epfonreof
onh onjekoektn rn`dgdråk kftdld`e`dfkns pnrsfkehns.
- Eknxfs on he onjekoe3 @fk he onjekoe ongnråk prnsnktersn hfs
sdbudnktns eknxfs3
5- ]fonr
]fonr (nk
 (nk hfs `esfs qun sn prnsnktn
p rnsnktn jnodektn egfbeof)
 

7- Pn pforå eknxer he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs rnehdzeoe

epfyfs rnehdzeoe eh tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f pfr pertn on uke nktdoeo póghd`e f prdveoe. (Nk
`esf on qun he pnrsfke kf eknxn uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs nh
Cunz pforå sfhd`dter uke vehfre`dðk on epfyfs u fld`der e hfs
nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs on rnehdzerhes) Nk tfof `esf, `fjf
jêkdjf, nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs ongnrå `fksdbker3
e) He vnrdld`e`dðk qun pnrjdte `fk`hudr qun he pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktre djpfsdgdhdteoe pere
jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr `uehqudnr
jnodf, jfof y lfrjetf on `fjukd`e`dðk pfsdghn. g) Hes
subnrnk`des lrnktn e jn`ekdsjfs qun pnrjdtek
onserrfhher hes `epe`doeons on he pnrsfke nk rnhe`dðk `fk
he tfje on on`dsdfkns pere eh`ekzer jeyfr eutfkfjêe nk
hes jdsjes. `) Hes pnrsfkes qun punonk e`tuer `fjf
epfyf nk he tfje on on`dsdfkns on he pnrsfke lrnktn eh
e`tf f e`tfs curêod`fs `fk`rntfs qun sfk fgcntf onh
prf`nsf. o) ^k dklfrjn bnknreh sfgrn he jncfr
dktnrprnte`dðk on he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun ongnrå tnknr nk
`fksdonre`dðk, nktrn ftrfs espn`tfs, nh prfyn`tf on vdoe

on he pnrsfke, sus e`tdtuons, erbujnktfs, e`tue`dfkns

ektnrdfrns, fpdkdfkns, `rnnk`des y hes lfrjes on
`fjukd`e`dðk vnrgehns y kf vnrgehns on he pnrsfke tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f.
- Hnbdtdje`dðk3 He onjekoe punon snr dkd`deoe pfr uke pnrsfke
pnrs fke `fk
dktnräs hnbêtdjf, y qun e`rnodtn uke rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze `fk he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tfr.
 

- ]rf`nodjdnktf3 nh tråjdtn e snbudr ns nh prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf

odspunstf nk nh hdgrf tnr`nrf, sn``dðk prdjnre, tdtuhf DD, `epêtuhf D,
ertd`uhf 04= y s.s. onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf
]ere nh tråjdtn onh prf`nsf sn ephd`eråk hes sdbudnktns rnbhes3
5.  Pn ongnrå prnsnkter onjekoe qun `fktnkorå hf odspunstf nk
nh ertê`uhf 17 onh @B]. Pd lehtern ehbók rnqudsdtf sn fronkerå,
euk vnrgehjnktn, qun sn sugsekn onktrf on hfs > oêes
sdbudnktns.
7.  Nh cunz nk nh eutf eojdsfrdf fronkere kftdld`er e hes pnrsfkes
donktdld`eoes nk he onjekoe y nk nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on
epfyfs `fjf pnrsfkes on epfyf, eh dbueh qun nh Jdkdstnrdf
]ughd`f
0.  Pd he pnrsfke nk he onjekoe prnsnktf nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk
on epfyfs, nh cunz onktrf on hfs `dk`f (>) oêes sdbudnktns,
`frrnrå tresheof on nstn, pfr uk tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes e hes
pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh prf`nsf y eh jdkdstnrdf póghd`f.
?.  Pd he pnrsfke kf prnsnktf nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs,
nh cunz ongnrå fld`der e hfs nktns póghd`fs nk`erbeofs on
rnehdzerhes, hunbf on rn`dgdof nh dklfrjn nh cunz onktrf on hfs
`dk`f (>) oêes sdbudnktns, `frrnrå tresheof on nstn, pfr uk
tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes e hes pnrsfkes dkvfhu`reoes nk nh
prf`nsf y eh jdkdstnrdf póghd`f.
>.  ^ke vnz `frrdof nh tresheof, nh Cunz on`rnterå hes prunges qun
`fksdonrn kn`nserdes y `fkvf`erå e euodnk`de pere pre`td`er hes
onjås prunges on`rnteoes.
<.  @fktnkdof on he snktnk`de3 
snktnk`de3  \nk`dof nh tärjdkf prfgetfrdf, sn
od`terå snktnk`de nk he qun ongnrå `fkster3 e) Nh e`tf f e`tfs
 curêod`fs onhdjdteofs qun rnqudnrnk nh epfyf sfhd`dteof. Nk
kdkbók `esf nh Cunz pforå prfkuk`dersn sfgrn he kn`nsdoeo on
epfyfs pere he rnehdze`dðk on e`tfs curêod`fs sfgrn hfs qun kf
 

vnrsn nh prf`nsf. g) He dkodvdouehdze`dðk on he f hes pnrsfkes

onsdbkeoes `fjf epfyf. `) Hes sehvebuerodes onstdkeoes e
nvdter y esnburer qun kf nxdstek hfs `fklhd`tfs on dktnräs f
dklhunk`de dkongdoe onh epfyf sfgrn he pnrsfke. o) He
onhdjdte`dðk on hes luk`dfkns y he keturehnze onh rfh on epfyf.
n) He oure`dðk on hfs epfyfs e prnstersn on he f hes pnrsfkes
qun aek sdof onsdbkeoes `fjf teh. l) Hfs prfbrejes on
e`fjpeõejdnktf e hes lejdhdes `uekof snek pnrtdknktns y hes
onjås jnodoes qun sn `fksdonrnk kn`nserdes pere esnburer he
eutfkfjêe y rnspntf e he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke.
p nrsfke.
Pn rn`fkf`nrå he luk`dðk on epfyf on hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes pere
nhhf. Pd he pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf prnsnkte onktrf on hfs
sdbudnktns `dk`f (>) oêes nx`use, sn kdnbe e snr onsdbkeof `fjf
epfyf, f ehnbe dkaegdhdoeo, sn trejdterå dk`donktn pere on`dodr sfgrn
nh jdsjf
`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs
e. Jfonhf on pfonr pere eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf prfjfvdof
pfr pnrsfke odstdkte eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 NH Jfonhf sn
nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
g. jfonhf pere prnsnkter onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf
prfjfvdof pfr pnrsfke odstdkte eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f3 NH
Jfonhf sn nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he `erpnte
nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
0. Jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyfs.
epfyfs.
Nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf, pforåk sfhd`dter he jfodld`e`dðk f
tnrjdke`dðk on hfs epfyfs eocuod`eofs3

e. He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f9

 

g. He pnrsfke odstdkte qun aeye prfjfvdof nh prf`nsf on

eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh y qun onjunstrn dktnräs hnbêtdjf pforå
sfhd`dter9
`. He pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf, `uekof jnodn custe `euse9
o. Nh cunz on fld`df.
Nh Cunz ongnrå kftdld`er on nhhf e hes pnrsfkes onsdbkeoes `fjf
epfyf y e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf, sd ns onh `esf, y `frrnrå tresheo
tresheoff
on he sfhd`dtuo pfr odnz (5=) oêes pere qun nstes sn prfkuk`dnk eh
rnspn`tf.
Nk `esf on kf prnsnktersn fpfsd`dðk, nh Cunz jfodld`erå f tnrjdkerå
he eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs, `fklfrjn e he sfhd`dtuo".

\DD - ]NWPFKEP ON E]FTF.

E] FTF.
Pfk hes pnrsfkes keturehns jeyfrns on noeo f pnrsfkes curêod`es qun
prnsteråk epfyf nk he `nhngre`dðk on uk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f
pere le`dhdter nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo hnbeh on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo. Nstf punon dk`hudr he esdstnk`de nk he `fjukd`e`dðk, he
esdstnk`de pere he `fjprnksdðk on e`tfs curêod`fs y sus
`fksn`unk`des, y he esdstnk`de nk he jekdlnste`dðk on he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des pnrsfkehns.
- Wnqudsdtfs3 ]ere esujdr nh `erbf on pnrsfke on epfyf sn rnqudnrn3
5. Pnr uke pnrsfke ketureh jeyfr on noeo f uke pnrsfke curêod`e.
curêo d`e.
7. @uekof he onsdbke`dðk onrdvn on uk e`unrof on epfyfs f uke
odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, he sdjphn sus`rdp`dðk y nh ebftejdnktf on hes
lfrjehdoeons on nstn, `uekof snek onh `esf, djphd`erå qun nh `erbf
on pnrsfke on epfyf ae sdof esujdof.
 

0. @uekof he onsdbke`dðk onrdvn on uk prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk on

epfyfs, he pfsnsdðk sn aerå ektn nh cunz qun ae`n he onsdbke`dðk?0.
- Dkaegdhdoeons pere snr pnrsfke on epfyf. 
epfyf.   Pfk `eusehns on
dkaegdhdoeo pere esujdr nh `erbf on pnrsfke on epfyf hes
sdbudnktns??3
5. He nxdstnk`de on uk hdtdbdf pnkodnktn nktrn he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f y he pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf.
7. He nxdstnk`de on `fklhd`tfs on dktnräs nktrn he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f y he pnrsfke
pnr sfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun nh onspe`af cuod`deh kf sfhf ongn budersn
pfr nses ofs dkaegdhdoeons, sn ongn jdrer e lfkof n donktdld`er ftres
rezfkns `fjf pfr ncnjphf he lehte on `fkldekze, dkonpnkonk`de onh
pernktns`f, vdfhnk`de dktrelejdhder, dkcnrnk`de dkongdoe nktrn ftrfs.
- Fghdbe`dfkns on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf. Hes
epfyf. Hes pnrsfkes on epfyf
tdnknk hes sdbudnktns fghdbe`dfkns?>3
5. Buder sus e`tue`dfkns `fjf epfyf `fklfrjn e he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf.
7. E`tuer on jeknre odhdbnktn, afknste y on gunke ln `fklfrjn e
hfs prdk`dpdfs on he prnsnktn Hny.
0. Jektnknr y `fksnrver uke rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze `fk he pnrsfke e
qudnk prnste epfyf.
?. Jektnknr he `fkldonk`dehdoeo on he dklfrje`dðk pnrsfkeh on he
pnrsfke e qudnk prnste epfyf.

?0
 Ertd`uhf ?? hny 544< onh 7=54

??
 Ertê`uhf ?> Dgdonj
?>
 Ertê`uhf ?< Dgdonj
 

>. Hes onjås qun hn snek

sn ek esdbkeoes cuod`dehjnktn f e`froeoes nktrn
he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf y he pnrsfke on epfyf.
<. @fjukd`er eh cunz y eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f tfoes equnhhes
`dr`ukstek`des qun punoek oer huber e he jfodld`e`dðk f tnrjdke`dðk
onh epfyf, f qun hn djpdoek `ujphdr `fk sus luk`dfkns.
- E``dfkns on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf. Nktrn
epfyf. Nktrn hes e``dfkns qun punonk
eonhekter hes pnrsfkes on epfyf pere he `nhngre`dðk on e`tfs
 curêod`fs nståk hfs sdbudnktns, sdk pnrcud`df on qun sn nsteghnz`ek
ftrfs eod`dfkehns snbók hes kn`nsdoeons y prnlnrnk`des on `eoe
pnrsfke?<3
5. Le`dhdter he jekdlnste`dðk on he vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des on he f nh
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f pere he rnehdze`dðk on nstn, aegdnkof
ods`utdof `fk he pnrsfke hes `fksn`unk`des f djphd`e`dfkns on sus
e`tfs.
7. Le`dhdter he `fjprnksdðk on uk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f e su
tdtuher.
0. Wnprnsnkter e he pnrsfke nk ontnrjdkeof e`tf curêod`f.
?. Dktnrprnter on he jncfr jeknre he vfhukteo y hes prnlnrnk`des on he

pnrsfke
nk`unktrntdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f,
egsfhutejnktn nk hfspere
djpfsdgdhdteoe `esfsdktnre`tuer
nk qun nste
`fk sn
su
nktfrkf pfr `uehqudnr jnodf.
- Wnspfksegdhdoeo on hes pnrsfkes on epfyf.
epfyf . He rnspfksegdhdoeo on
hes pnrsfkes on epfyf, lrnktn e sus luk`dfkns `fjf epfyf snrå
dkodvdoueh sfhf `uekof nk su e`tuer aeyek `fktrevnkdof hfs
jekoetfs on he prnsnktn hny, hes onjås kfrjes `dvdhns y `fjnr`dehns
vdbnktns nk @fhfjgde, f aeyek dof nk `fktrevêe jekdldnste on hes

?<
 Ertê`uhf ?2 dgdonj
 

dkod`e`dfkns `fkvnkdoes nk hfs e`unrofs on epfyf, hes odrn`tdves

ektd`dpeoes f he snktnk`de on epfyfs, y pfr nhhf sn aeyek `euseof
oeõfs eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f f lrnktn e tnr`nrfs.
Hes pnrsfkes on epfyf kf snråk rnspfkseghns pfr hfs oeõfs
pnrsfkehns f ldkek`dnrfs on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f
sdnjprn y `uekof aeyek e`tueof `fklfrjn e he vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des on he pnrsfke
\DDD ‐ WÄBDJNK ON _WEKPD@DÐK.
e- Espn`tfs bnknrehns
Nh ertê`uhf >7 on he hny 544< onh 7=54 nsteghn`dð qun he eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyf `fktnkdofs nk nh `epêtuhf \ nktrere nk vdbnk`de 7?
jnsns onspuäs on he prfjuhbe`dðk on he rnlnrdoe hny, nstf ns, nh 7<
on ebfstf onh 7=75.
_nkdnkof nk `unkte qun he hny 544< prfadgdð on jeknre tecektn
dkd`der prf`nsfs on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk ?2, y fronkf he
suspnksdðk on lfrje dkjnodete on hfs prf`nsfs on dktnrod``dðk f
dkaegdhdte`dðk dkd`deofs ektns on he prfjuhbe`dðk on he hny 544<
54 4< y qun
sn nk`fktregek e`tuehjnktn nk `ursf?1 y, eonjås sn prfadgdð nxdbdr
snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk pere dkd`der `uehqudnr
tråjdtn póghd`f f prdveof?4. He hny 544< `rnð uk räbdjnk on
treksd`dðk qun nsterå vdbnktn onson he prfjuhbe`dðk on he hny aeste
qun nktrn nk vdbnk`de nh `epêtuhf \ on he jnk`dfkeoe hny.
Nh räbdjnk on treksd`dðk on qun trete nh `epêtuhf \DDD ns on `erå`tnr
nx`np`dfkeh, y sfhf prf`nonrå nk nh nvnktf on qun he pnrsfke
ods`epe`dteoe (d) sn nk`unktrn egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere
nxprnser su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr `uehqudnr jnodf9 y (dd)

?2 Ertê`uhf >0 hny 544< onh 7=54

?1
 Ertê`uhf >> hny 544< onh 7=54
?4
 Ertê`uhf >0 hny 544< onh 7=54
 

sdnjprn qun sne kn`nserdf pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he prftn``dðk

on hfs onrn`afs on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf >=.
- Ongnrns onh cunz3 He hny 544< onh 7=54 hns ae oeof e hfs cun`ns on
lejdhde nk hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf uke brek
ods`rn`dfkehdoeo, `esd qun, e kdvnh on uk cunz `fkstdtu`dfkeh. Nste hny
nk su ertê`uhf 7½ nxdbn e hfs cun`ns uke dktnrprnte`dðk e`fron `fk hfs
dkstrujnktfs dktnrke`dfkehns eprfgeofs pfr @fhfjgde, nktrn nhhfs,
he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrejnrd`eke pere he Nhdjdke`dðk on _foes hes
Lfrjes on Ods`rdjdke`dðk `fktre hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo y he
@fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo on
he Frbekdze`dðk on hes Ke`dfkns ^kdoes, nktreoe nk vdbfr nk 7==1>5.
Eukqun pforêe erbujnktersn he vdegdhdoeo onh `fktrfh on
`fkvnk`dfkehdoeo sðhf nk hfs prf`nsfs ofkon sn aehhe nh qungrektf
on berektêes sustek`dehns f `uekof he kfrjetdvdoeo dktnrke ns
`fktrerde e he dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn hfs onrn`afs aujekfs, sn nstdje
tres`nkonktn nln`tuer od`af snbudjdnktf nk tfofs hfs esuktfs
ofkon sn ongete he `fk`uh`e`dðk on prnrrfbetdves duslukoejnktehns,
esê su prftn``dðk rnsuhtn prf`nonktn f kf. hf eou`dof pfrqun he
nkuk`deoe anrrejdnkte hn pnrjdtn e hfs Nsteofs jetnrdehdzer nh ongnr
on berektdzer hfs onrn`afs aujekfs nk nh åjgdtf ofjästd`f, e treväs
on he vnrdld`e`dðk on he `fklfrjdoeo on hes kfrjes y prå`td`es
ke`dfkehns, `fk he @fkvnk`dðk Ejnrd`eke on Onrn`afs Aujekfs y su
 curdspruonk`de>7, ncnr`d`df qun snbók he @frtn Dktnrejnrd`eke sn surtn
kf sðhf e pntd`dðk on pertn sdkf nx flld`df>0.
Hfs cun`ns tdnkn ejphde pftnsteo pere on`rnter prunges on fld`df y
eók jås nk nstfs prf`nsfs, ns djpfrtektn qun hfs cun`ns nktdnkoek
>=
 Ertê`uhf >? Dgdonj
>5
 @PC Weod`e`dðk k.½ 2<==5-77-=0-===-7=54-==07>-=5 vndktdkunvn (74) on egrdh on ofs jdh vndktn (7=7=)
>7 Dgdonj
>0
 @frtn DOA. @esf Buodäh Åhvernz y ftrfs (‘Oderdf Jdhdter‚) `fktre Buetnjehe. Pnktnk`de on kfvdnjgrn 7= on 7=57. Pnrdn
@ Kf. 7>0, pårrelf 00=
 

qun tdnknk uk rfh e`tdvf y qun ns su ongnr user tfoes hes

anrrejdnktes e su eh`ek`n pere berektdzer hfs onrn`afs on hes
pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute `fjf hf sfk hes prunges on
fld`dfs y jnodoes kfjdkeoes f dkkfjdkeoes.
Ae od`af he @frtn, `uekof hfs hdtdbdfs flrn`nk onld`dnk`de prfgetfrde,
ns fghdbe`dðk onh cuzbeofr njphner hfs pfonrns fld`dfsfs pere
on`rnter tfofs hfs nhnjnktfs on `fkvd``dðk qun, e su cud`df,
`fksdonrn `fkvnkdnktns pere vnrdld`er hfs an`afs ehnbeofs pfr hes
pertns, ektn tfof, `uekof sn eln`tek hfs onrn`afs lukoejnktehns f
nh fronk póghd`f.
E nse ldhfsflêe rnspfkon nh `ekfk 52= onh @.B.]. `uekof rnze3

‘(…) Nh cunz ongnrå on`rnter prunges on fld`df, nk nk   hes fpfrtukdoeons

prfgetfrdes onh prf`nsf y on hfs dk`donktns y ektns on lehher, `uekof snek
kn`nserdes pere ns`hern`nr hfs an`afs fgcntf on he `fktrfvnrsde (…)‚.
(…)‚.  
g. espn`tfs prf`nsehns
- @fjpntnk`de3 He hny 544< onh 7=54 kf `fktnjphð kdkbók ertê`uhf
qun nsteghn`dnre he `fjpntnk`de onh prf`nsf cuod`deh on epfyf
treksdtfrdf, y `fjf qudnre qun nh ertê`uhf 0> on od`ae hnbdshe`dðk eók
kf sn nk`unktre vdbnktn, sn ongn oer ephd`e`dðk e hf odspunstf nk nh

kujnreh 5? onh ertê`uhf

`ueh ns `fjpntnk`de on75hfsonhCun`ns
@ðodbfonBnknreh
Lejdhde,onhnk]rf`nsf, snbók nh
ókd`e dkstek`de,
equnhhfs «esuktfs on lejdhde nk qun pfr odspfsd`dðk hnbeh sne
kn`nserde he dktnrvnk`dðk onh cunz…¹., sdnkof he eocuod`e`dðk on  on  
epfyfs treksdtfrdfs ukf on nhhfs.>? He `fjpntnk`de snrå nk vdrtuo on
ofs le`tfrns3 pfr uke pertn, nh fgcntdvf pfr he keturehnze onh prf`nsf
y pfr ftre pertn nh le`tfr tnrrdtfrdeh nk vdrtuo onh lunrf ofjd`dhder pere
hf qun sn tnkorå nk `unkte nh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f.

>?
 E@7>0-7=7= on 05 on nknrf on 7=7=,
 

- ]rf`nodjdnktf3 ]fr odspfsd`dðk nxprnse onh dk`dsf tnr`nrf onh

ertê`uhf >? on he hny 544< onh 7=54 nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh
on epfyfs treksdtfrdf sn trejdterå pfr nh prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf
`fksebreof nk nh ertê`uhf 04= y sugsdbudnktns onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh
]rf`nsf.
Nstn prf`nsf ns nh eprfpdeof pfr snr nh jås nxpnodtf, on nste lfrje,
sn `ujphn `fk nh prdk`dpdf on `nhnrdoeo `fksebreof nk nh kujnreh 2
onh ertê`uhf ? on he hny 544< onh 7=54. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun
nk nh prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf sfhf sn rnehdze uke euodnk`de.
- Ontnrjdke`dðk on hes pertns3 Eh
pertns3  Eh snr uk prf`nsf `fktnk`dfsf qun sn
hhnve pfr he snkoe onh vnrgeh sujerdf
su jerdf sn ongn `fklfrjer nh rnspn`tdvf
`fktreod`tfrdf, donktdld`ekof qudnkns `fklfrjek hfs nxtrnjfs on he
rnhe`dðk curêod`f prf`nseh tektf pfr e`tdve (onjekoektn) `fjf pfr
pesdve (onjekoeof).
_nkdnkof nk `unkte hf ektnrdfr, he onjekoe snrå dkd`deoe pfr uke
pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf, y qun e`rnodtn uke rnhe`dðk on
`fkldekze `fk he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf, ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun
nh onjekoektn ongn ehhnber `fk he prnsnkte`dðk on he onjekoe he
prunge qun e`rnodtn nh dktnräs hnbêtdjf qun punon snr uk rnbdstrf

`dvdh
ftrfs.on ke`djdnktf, e`te on jetrdjfkdf, on`here`dðk cureoe nktrn
He pnrsfke `fktre qudnk sn odrdbn he onjekoe ns nh tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f nstf ns he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte
hf odspunstf nk nh dk`dsf ldkeh onh ertê`uhf >? on he hny 544< onh 7=54
qun e su tnkfr od`n3
‘He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f pforå fpfknrsn e he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh
on epfyfs nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf onh prf`nsf‚  
 

Ns pfr nhhf, qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute lukbn `fjf

onjekoeof, y sn hn ongn kftdld`er snbók he lfrje nsteghn`doe nk hfs
ertê`uhfs 745 y PP onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, y nh ertê`uhf 1= onh
On`rntf 1=< on 7=7=.
- Onjekoe3 He onjekoe ongnrå rnukdr hfs rnqudsdtfs prnvdstfs nk nh
ertê`uhf 17 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf nstf ns3
5. He onsdbke`dðk onh cunz e qudnk sn odrdce3 nk etnk`dðk e he
keturehnze onh prf`nsf y eh le`tfr tnrrdtfrdeh sn ongnrå odrdbdr eh cunz
on lejdhde onh huber onh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
7. Nh kfjgrn y ofjd`dhdf on hes pertns. Pn
pertns.  Pn ongnrå dkod`er nh kfjgrn
y kójnrf on donktdld`e`dðk onh tnr`nrf `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf qun e`tóe
nk nh prf`nsf, nh onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f qun sn nk`unktre nk
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, nh onh epfonreof cuod`deh sd lunre nh `esf, nh
on hes pnrsfkes donktdld`eoes `fjf epfyf, sd nstes sfk odlnrnktns eh
tnr`nrf qun dkd`df he e``dðk y hfs lejdhderns jås `nr`ekfs onh tdtuher
onh e`tf curêod`f.
0. Hf qun sn prntnkoe, nxprnseof `fk prn`dsdðk y `herdoeo. Nk hes
prntnksdfkns ns djpfrtektn donktdld`er `herejnktn y on jeknre
dkodvdoueh hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun rnqunrdråk epfyf, y nk nh `esf qun
snek verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs y verdfs epfyfs sn ongnrå nspn`dld`er on
jeknre `here y prn`dse qun epfyf hn `frrnspfkon e `eoe e`tf
 curêod`f.
?. Hfs an`afs qun hn sdrvnk on lukoejnktf e hes prntnksdfkns,
prntnksdfkns ,
ongdoejnktn ontnrjdkeofs, `hesdld`eofs y kujnreofs.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter nk hfs an`afs qun he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre
egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere jekdlnster su vfhukteo, tnkdnkof
nk `unkte qun ns uk prf`nsf nx`np`dfkeh, nxphd`er hes rezfkns
 

urbnktns pfr hes `uehns sn ongn esdbker uk epfyf, nstf ns, uk rdnsbf
nk nh petrdjfkdf on he pnrsfke,
>. He pntd`dðk on hes prunges qun sn prntnkoe ae`nr vehnr.
vehnr. Pn ongnrå
epfrter he prunge sdqudnre sujerde qun hhnvn nh `fkvnk`djdnktf onh
 cunz qun he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktre nk
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, on dbueh lfrje he prunge qun e`rnodtn nh
dktnräs hnbdtdje on he pnrsfke qun dkd`de he onjekoe, esê `fjf
tejgdäk hes prunges qun onjunstrnk qun he onsdbke`dðk on epfyfs
 cuod`dehns sn ae`n kn`nserde ‘pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he
prftn``dðk
prf tn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs‚
<. Jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh. Ns prf`nonktn nste jnodoe `uekof sn
prf`ure prftnbnr y berektdzer hfs onrn`afs lukoejnktehns on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo pfr nk`fktrersn nk rdnsbf dkjdknktn. ^k
ncnjphf sfgrn he prf`nonk`de on he jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh sn oe nk hfs
nvnktfs nk qun he pnrsfke tnkbe uke lehte egsfhute on rn`ursfs, su
ókd`e lunktn on dkbrnsfs sne uke jnseoe pnksdfkeh y he lejdhde kf
`unktn `fk rn`ursfs suld`dnktns pere jektnknrhe, pfr nhhf sn ae`n
kn`nserdf qun, onson he eojdsdðk on he onjekoe, nh onspe`af e``noe
e he jnodoe prfvdsdfkeh y eutfrd`n eh onjekoektn e `fgrer he jnseoe
pnksdfkeh jdnktres sn od`te snktnk`de y sn hn kfjgre `fjf Epfyf
 cuod`deh treksdtfrdf. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte he lehte egsfhute on
rn`ursfs onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f y he kn`nsdoeo djpnrdfse on qun
`unktn `fk nhhfs pere etnkonr sus kn`nsdoeons gåsd`es, jåxdjn qun
ns uke pnrsfke nk nsteof on ongdhdoeo jekdldnste n dkonlnksdðk pfr
nkon on nspn`deh prftn``dðk `fkstdtu`dfkeh.
2. Hfs lukoejnktfs on onrn`af.
onrn`af. Pn tfjerå `fjf lukoejnktf on
onrn`af he hny 544< onh 7=54 y nh @ðodbf
@ ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf.

1.
onhHeonjekoektn
odrn``dðk lêsd`e y nhn`trðkd`e ofkon
nhn`trðkd`e
rn`dgdråk  ofkonpnrsfkehns.
kftdld`e`dfkns hes pertns, y nh epfonreof
 

- Eknxfs on he onjekoe3 @fk he onjekoe ongnråk prnsnktersn hfs

sdbudnktns eknxfs3
5- ]fonr (nk hfs `esfs qun sn prnsnktn jnodektn egfbeof)

7- Hes prunges qun sn prntnkoek ae`nr vehnr.

- Wnqudsdtfs pere he eojdsdðk3 ]ere nvdter qun he onjekoe on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf sne dkeojdtdoe, eonjås on
`ujphdr `fk hf `fksebreof nk nh ertê`uhf 17 onh @B] y nh on`rntf 1=<
onh 7=7= sn ongn nstdpuher nk he onjekoe hf sdbudnktn3
An`afs3
e)  Onjfstrer he `ehdoeo on pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf. ]ere
onjfstrer nste `ehdoeo sn ongn eknxer he prunge qun e`rnodtn
nsn dktnräs hnbêtdjf, nktnkodnkof nste `fjf he rezðk f `euse
qun jftdve eh e``dfkektn pere e`uodr nk onlnkse onh tdtuher onh
e`tf curêod`f, nstf nk rezðk e uk vêk`uhf on pernktns`f, on
`ðkyubn f `fjpeõnrf pnrjeknktn, rnhe`dðk on ejdsteo, on
`udoeof nt`. Pn punon epfrter pfr ncnjphf uk rnbdstrf `dvdh on
ke`djdnktf, e`te on jetrdjfkdf, uk nxtre-cud`df nktrn ftrfs.
g) E`rnodter he rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze `fk he pnrsfke tdtuher onh
e`tf. Kf geste nh vêk`uhf hnbeh f sf`deh onh puktf ektnrdfr, ns
djpfrtektn e`rnodter he rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze, pere nhhf, sn
ongn rnhe`dfker nk hfs an`afs pfr ncnjphf nh tdnjpf on
`fkvdvnk`de, vn`dkoeo, vêk`uhfs on eyuoe nt`.
`)  Pn ongn onjfstrer sdqudnre on jeknre sujerde qun nh
onjekoeof sn nk`unktre nk ods`epe`doeo n djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute on nxprnser su vfhukteo, pere nstf sn punon epfrter
`fk he prnsnkte`dðk on he onjekoe uk od`tejnk jäod`f,
adstfrde `hêkd`e, uk `nrtdld`eof onh jäod`f tretektn qun rnldnre

hfs peon`djdnktfs
]sdqudåtrd`e y `fjphncdoeo
f `uehqudnr on prunge
ftrf jnodf on nstfs, qun
nvehue`dðk
hhnvn eh
 

`fkvnk`djdnktf qun he pnrsfke sn ‘nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn

djpfsdgdhdteof pere nxprnser su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr
`uehqudnr jnodf‚9 
jnodf‚9  Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun hfs cun`ns kf
punonk nxdbdr uk `nrtdld`eof nspn`dld`f qun nsteghnz`e nse
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, oeof qun nstf sn ongetdrå nk nh tråjdtn
onh prf`nsf. Hf qun sn gus`e `fk nste prunge kf ns hhnver eh
 cunz e uk `fkvnk`djdnktf phnkf, sd kf, e uk jêkdjf
`fkvnk`djdnktf on su djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute.
o) Ongnrå jekdlnster hes rezfkns pfr hes `uehns he onsdbke`dðk on
epfyfs cuod`dehns sn ae`n kn`nserde ‘pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df
y he prftn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs‚ on equnh.
equnh. Ns on`dr, ontnrjdker
nh knxf `euseh nktrn he djpfsdgdhdoeo on ncnr`nr he `epe`doeo

hnbeh y he vuhknre`dðk f ejnkeze on sus onrn`afs nxphd`ekof hes

`dr`ukstek`des qun esê hf ejnrdtek, snõehekof `uåhns snrêek hfs
onrn`afs eln`teofs y e`fjpeõekof hes prunges qun esê hf
e`rnodtek9 ]fr ncnjphf, sd sn ongn eonhekter uk tråjdtn pere he
pnksdðk on sfgrnvdvdnktns y pere snbudr nh jdsjf sn kn`nsdte
kn`ns dte he
ldrje on he pnrsfke, pnrf oeoe su ods`epe`doeo nstf kf ns
pfsdghn y nste pnrsfke kf `unkte `fk jås dkbrnsfs, sfhf nh on
he jnseoe pnksdfkeh, pfr nkon sn ae`n kn`nserdf he esdbke`dðk
on epfyf pere snbudr od`af tråjdtn, pere nstf sn ongnrå ehhnber
of`ujnkte`dðk qun aebe `fkster on nstn.
n)  dklfrjer nh kfjgrn `fjphntf y odrn``dðk lêsd`e y nhn`trðkd`e
(on kf `fkf`nr he odrn``dðk nhn`trðkd`e jekdlnsterhf gecf he
brevnoeo on curejnktf) on hfs perdnktns `nr`ekfs pere
vdk`uherhfs nk nh prf`nsf. Nk `esf on qun nh onjekoektn kf
vdk`uhn e hfs perdnktns `nr`ekfs, nh onspe`af pere ebdhdzer nh
tråjdtn y berektdzer hfs onrn`afs onh onjekoeof nk huber on
dkeojdtdr he onjekoe punon fpter pfr fronker eh onjekoektn
 

pere qun dkodqun nh kfjgrn on tfofs hfs lejdhderns `nr`ekfs

pere vdk`uherhfs eh prf`nsf.
l)  dkod`er he odrn``dðk on rnsdonk`de onh tdtuher onh onrn`af curêod`f
(he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo), nxprnsekof eonjås sd nstn
onpnkon pere su eutf`udoeof on ehbuke pnrsfke, on snr esê
dkod`er e `erbf on qudnk sn nk`unktre y vdk`uherhf nk nh
prf`nsf.
b)  Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun kf ns kn`nserdf eknxer nh dklfrjn
on vehfre`dðk f sfhd`dterhf nk hes prunges pere qun sne
on`rnteof pfr nh cunz. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun euk nk nh
peês kf nxdstnk nktdoeons aegdhdteoes pere rnehdzer he vehfre`dðk
on epfyfs, punstf nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh kf ae nxpnodof kd nh

prftf`fhf kd he rnbhejnkte`dðk on nstn, y nh ertê`uhf >? on he hny

544< kf nxdbn nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyfs pere nstn
prf`nsf treksdtfrdf. Nk nstn `esf, nh cunz fronkerå uke vdsdte onh
on h
Esdstnktn Pf`deh pere qun rnehd`n uke vehfre`dðk qun aerå hes
vn`ns onh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyf.
a) Nk he prå`td`e, eukqun he hny kf hf nxdbn, ehbukfs cun`ns nståk
nxdbdnkof qun nk he onjekoe sn dk`huye uk êtnj on curejnktf,
nk nh qun jekdldnstn kf nk`fktrersn dk`ursf nk kdkbuke on hes
dkaegdhdoeons `fktnjpheoes nk nh ertê`uhf ?> on he hny 544< onh
7=54.
]rntnksdfkns3
d)  Ontnrjdker `uåhns sfk hes `hesns on epfyfs f sehvebueroes qun
sfhd`dte snek onsdbkeofs e he huz onh ertê`uhf > on he hny 544< on
7=54, snõehekof eonjås `uåh f `uåhns snråk hes pnrsfkes qun
oeråk nsfs epfyfs9 Ns djpfrtektn nspn`dld`er sd nh epfyf ns on
rnprnsnkte`dðk f pfr nh `fktrerdf kf djphd`e rnprnsnkte`dðk,
eonjås sn ongn rnsehter qun he sfhd`dtuo on epfyf kf ongn snr
on jeknre bnknreh pfr ncnjphf ‘sn ‘sn esdbkn epfyf eh snõfr x
 

pere esujdr he rnprnsnkte`dðk onh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f nk

`uektf e he eojdkdstre`dðk on sus gdnkns‚.
gdnkns ‚. Nstf ongdof e qun
he sfhd`dtuo on epfyf ongn rnehdzersn pere ukf f verdfs e`tfs
 curêod`fs nspn`êld`fs, punstf qun nh lehhf nk `uektf sne
levfreghn e hes prntnksdfkns, ongnrå `fktnknr `eoe e`tf
`fk`rntf pere nh `ueh sn rnqudnrn nh epfyf, sdk qun punoe
nxtnkonrsn e kdkbók ftrf qun kf sn nk`unktrn ehhê `dteof. Nk
nsn snktdof sn ongnrå nspn`dld`er hfs gdnkns qun snråk
eojdkdstreofs pfr nh epfyf qun sne onsdbkeof.
 c)  Pnõeher on jeknre nxprnse nh tdnjpf nk nh qun sn rnqudnrn sne
grdkoeof nh epfyf, sd sfk verdfs epfyfs f e`tfs curêod`fs
nsteghn`nr nh tdnjpf pere `eoe ukf tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun nh
jdsjf kf pforå supnrer he ln`ae ldkeh onh pnrdfof on
treksd`dðk.
i)  Donktdld`er e he f hes pnrsfkes on epfyf qun prntnkonk grdkoer
he esdstnk`de on epfyf.
h)  Dkodvdouehdzer `eoe ukf on hfs epfyfs lfrjehns sfhd`dteofs,
lrnktn e ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs.
Pd he onjekoe kf `ujphn `fk hfs rnqudsdtfs hnbehns, snrå dkeojdtdoe
pfr nh cunz, y hn `fk`nonrå > oêes aågdhns eh onjekoektn pere qun
sugsekn he onjekoe sf pnke on rn`aezf.
- ]rf`nonk`de onh rn`ursf `fktre nh eutf qun rn`aeze he onjekoe3 
onjekoe3 
@fk rnspn`tf e he prf`nonk`de onh rn`ursf on epnhe`dðk onh eutf qun
rn`aeze he onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf, kf
nxdstn `herdld`e`dðk nk he kfrje `fjf tejpf`f uke ukdld`e`dðk on
`rdtnrdf pfr pertn on he `frtn suprnje on custd`de nxdstdnkof 0
pfsd`dfkns odlnrnktns e segnr3
 

5- _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on Jnonhhêk Lejdhde>>3 He pfsd`dðk onh @unrpf

`fhnbdeof ns qun kf prf`non nh rn`ursf on epnhe`dðk nk nstn prf`nsf
oeof qun rn`en sfgrn uk esuktf qun esujn he snkoe on he ókd`e
dkstek`de, puns sn trete on uk vnrgeh sujerdf, sdtue`dðk qun djpdon
su eojdsdðk. Nh trdgukeh hf lukoejnkte esê3
‘Nk jetnrde eocntdve @dvdh, hfs rn`ursfs sfk njdknktnjnktn rnbheofs, prdk`dpdf
bnknreh eh `ueh kf ns`epe nh on epnhe`dðk, hf `ueh sdbkdld`e qun, nk vdrtuo on he
nspn`dld`doeo qun bfgdnrke nh tnje on he ehzeoe, ns dkodspnkseghn qun uke kfrje
`fk`rntn he prf`nonk`de on he epnhe`dðk on he prfvdonk`de `nksureoe, f hf qun ns hf
jdsjf, qun nxprnsejnktn nh Hnbdsheofr he snõehn, `fjf sus`nptdghn on snr ete`eoe,
pfr nse vêe. On kf e`en`nr nhhf, nh prfvnêof `unstdfkeof kf punon snr rn`urrdof, nk
epnhe`dðk, oeof qun, nk nsn åjgdtf kf `ejpne he ekehfbêe f dktnrprnte`dfkns
nxtnksdves on odspfsd`dfkns qun rnbuhnk sdtue`dfkns snjncektns.
Nh ekfteof prdk`dpdf tdnkn pfr ldkehdoeo nvdter he odhe`dðk on hfs prf`nsfs, jnodektn
jekdfgres qun puodnrek `fkvnrtdrhfs nk dktnrjdkeghns f bnknreofrns on nxtrnjf
onsbestn pere hfs `fktnkodnktns, qun tfrkerêek nk dknld`e`ns hes on`dsdfkns on hfs
 cun`ns y etnkterêe `fktre he n`fkfjêe
n`fkfjêe prf`nseh.
He texetdvdoeo, nk jetnrde on epnhe`dðk, rnluhbn onh ertê`uhf
ertê`uh f 075 êonj, `fktnktdvf on
uke rnhe`dðk texetdve, qun kf nkuk`detdve, on hfs e`tfs qun sfk epnheghns, y on hes
onjås odspfsd`dfkns qun, rnbuhekof od`af rn`ursf, snõehek nxprnsejnktn su
prf`nonk`de, sdnjprn qun sn njdtek, nk he prdjnre dkstek`de.
Nk nstn nvnktf, he epnhe`dðk, `fk`nodoe pfr nh snõfr cunz onh `fkf`djdnktf, rn`en
sfgrn uk esuktf qun esujn he snkoe on he ókd`e dkstek`de, puns sn trete on uk
vnrgeh sujerdf, sdtue`dðk qun djpdon su eojdsdðk
eojdsdðk y,
 y, pfr `fksdbudnktn, su onldkd`dðk.
Nk nln`tf, he Hny 544<, on 7< on ebfstf on 7=54, vdbnktn e pertdr on nse ln`ae, oeof
qun sn prfjuhbð, nk nh Oderdf Fld`deh >5.=>2 on nse oete, sehve hes nx`np`dfkns qun
nsn nstetutf `fksebre, nk su @epêtuhf \DDD, onkfjdkeof ‘Wäbdjnk on treksd`dðk‚,
ertê`uhf >7, eh rnbuher su vdbnk`de, qun ‘Hes odspfsd`dfkns nsteghn`does nk nste hny
nktreråk nk vdbnk`de onson su prfjuhbe`dðk, `fk nx`np`dðk on equnhhfs ertê`uhfs
qun nsteghnz`ek uk phezf pere su djphnjnkte`dðk y hfs ertê`uhfs `fktnkdofs nk nh
@epêtuhf \ on he prnsnktn
pr nsnktn hny, hfs `uehns nktreråk nk vdbnk`de vndktd`uetrf (7?) jnsns
onspuäs on he prfjuhbe`dðk on he prnsnktn hny‚ (Wnsehteof on he Pehe).
He prn`nonktn rnbuhe`dðk djphd`e qun, nk he eafre on eafre, kf sn
s n punoe ephd`er, pfr
kf nster vdbnktn, nh ehuodof @epêtuhf
@epêtuhf \, hhejeof ‘Eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs‚,

>>
 Eutf K³ =>7<<055===5 7=54-==?17 =5 onh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on Jnonhhêk Lejdhde, 55-57-7=54
 

`fjprnkodof pfr hfs ertê`uhfs 07 e ?0, nktrn hfs `uehns sn aehhek, nh 0> qun odspfkn3
‘Jfodlêqunsn nh kujnreh 2 `fktnkdof nk nh ertê`uhf 77 on he Hny 5><? on 7=57,
qunoerå esê.
‘Ertê`uhf 77. @fjpntnk`de on
@fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de. Hfs
 cun`ns on lejdhde `fkf`nk, nk prdjnre dkstek`de, on hfs sdbudnktns esuktfs3
‘2. On he eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs eocuod`eofs
 cuod`dehjnktn‚.
T nh 0< qun od`te3
‘EOC^OD@E@DÐK ON E]FTFPE ]FTFP P^CN_F E _WÅJD_N ON C^WDPOD@@DÐK
\FH^K_EWDE. Jfodlêqunsn nh kujnreh < onh ertê`uhf >22 on he Hny 5><? on
7=57, esê3 ‘Ertê`uhf >22. Esuktfs sucntfs e su tråjdtn. Pn sucnteråk eh
prf`nodjdnktf on curdsod``dðk vfhukterde hfs sdbudnktns `esfs3 ‘<. He
eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk f tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs nk he tfje on on`dsdfkns
prfjfvdof pfr he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f‚. He prn`nonktn sdtue`dðk
djpnoêe qun nh snõfr cunz, epfyåkofsn nk uke kfrje qun kf nstå vdbnktn
(ertê`uhf 0> `dteof), `fk`nodnre he ehzeoe, e hf `ueh sn eõeon qun nh 01 êonj,
qun tejpf`f nstå vdbnktn, hn etrdguyð, `fjf snkoe pere su trejdte`dðk, e he
‘Eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs pere he tfje on on`dsdfkns
on`ds dfkns prfjfvdoe pfr pnrsfke
odstdkte eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f‚, `fjf equê e`fktn`n, he onh vnrgeh
sujerdf, eh dk`frpfrerhf nk nh @ B ], ertê`uhf 04<, prnvde su jfodld`e`dðk.
Pójnsn e hf ektnrdfr qun he Hny 544< jnjfreoe, eh prfadgdr, pfr jnodf on su ertê`uhf
>0, ‘dkd`der prf`nsfs on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk, f sfhd`dter he snktnk`de on
dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk pere oer dkd`df e `uehqudnr tråjdtn póghd`f f prdveof e
pertdr on he prfjuhbe`dðk on he prnsnktn hny‚, y `fk nh ldk on nvdter qun nses pnrsfkes
qunoesnk onsprftnbdoes, jdnktres nktre e rnbdr dktnbrehjnktn sus kfrjes, rnbuhð,
nk su ertê`uhf >?, eh nsteghn`nr uk räbdjnk on treksd`dðk, nh ‘]rf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdfs‚,
treksdtfrdfs‚, ldcåkofhn nh `ejdkf onh vnrgeh
vnrgeh sujerdf,
@fjf sn `fhdbn on su dk`dsf tnr`nrf, nh `ueh nsteghn`n qun ‘Nh cunz, pfr jnodf on uk
prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf, ontnrjdkerå he pnrsfke f pnrsfkes on epfyf qun esdstdråk
e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, tnkdnkof nk `unkte he rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze,
ejdsteo, pernktns`f f `fkvdvnk`de nktrn nstfs y he pnrsfke tdtuher. He snktnk`de on
eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs ldcerå nh eh`ek`n on hfs epfyfs tnkdnkof nk `unkte hes kfrjes
nsteghn`does nk he prnsnktn hny, eh dbueh qun nh phezf on nstn, nh `ueh kf pforå supnrer
he ln`ae ldkeh onh pnrdfof
pnrd fof on treksd`dðk‚.
E su vnz, pfr jekoetf onh @ B ], ertê`uhf 04=, ‘]eråbrelf 5³. Hfs prf`nsfs vnrgehns
sujerdfs snråk on ókd`e dkstek`de‚.
 

On jeknre qun, sd nstn esuktf, fgnon`n e he vêe on he ‘ókd`e dkstek`de‚, `fjf hf

aegêe nstdjeof dkd`dehjnktn nh snõfr cunz y he e``dfkektn, nh rnlnrdof prfvnêof, nk
etnk`dðk e hf odspunstf pfr nh @ B ], ertê`uhf 075 dk`dsf prdjnrf, kf ns sus`nptdghn
on epnhe`dðk, ye qun sn njdtdð nk uk esuktf qun kf ods`urrn pfr he rute on he prdjnre
dkstek`de, jftdvf pfr nh `ueh he ehzeoe kf pfoêe `fk`nonrsn y, jnkfs eók eojdtdrsn,

rezfkns pfre hes

nxpnodnktn `uehns sn dkeojdtdrå,
he onpnkonk`de cuod`deh ontresuktf on hf `ueh
frdbnk (ertê`uhf 07<,snrå
dk`dsfhesnbukof
onvfhu`dðk onh
êonj).

7- _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr onh Odstrdtf Cuod`deh on Jekdzehns Pehe @dvdh-

Lejdhde><3 He pfsd`dðk onh @unrpf `fhnbdeof ns qun prf`non nh rn`ursf
on epnhe`dðk nk nstn prf`nsf oeof qun nh ertê`uhf 075-5 onh @ðodbf
Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, eojdtn qun he prfvdonk`de qun rn`ae`n he
onjekoe sne sus`nptdghn onh rn`ursf vnrtd`eh. Nh trdgukeh hf
lukoejnkte esê3
‘

sä jnjfre qun sfk sus`nptdghns onh rn`ursf vnrtd`eh, hes prfvdonk`des

lrnktn e hes `uehns hf nsteghnz`e nh hnbdsheofr, `fk sus `frrnspfkodnktns
jfodld`e`dfkns y vdbnk`des. Esê, ae on snõehersn qun nh ertê`uhf 075-5 onh
@ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, eojdtn qun he prfvdonk`de qun rn`ae`n he
onjekoe sne sus`nptdghn onh rn`ursf vnrtd`eh,   ‚

0- Nh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on @ehd Pehe on Lejdhde >23 He pfsd`dðk onh

@unrpf `fhnbdeof ns qun prf`non nh rn`ursf on epnhe`dðk nk nstn
prf`nsf oeof qun, sd gdnk ns uk prf`nsf on ókd`e dkstek`de eh snr uk
vnrgeh sujerdf, nh ert 0> on he hny 544< nsteghn`n qun nh prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf ns @fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns on
lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de, Ns on`dr, qun eukqun nh tråjdtn e
djpertdr ns uk vnrgeh sujerdf on ókd`e dkstek`de nh hnbdsheofr ae
pnrjdtdof nx`np`dfkehjnktn he ofghn dkstek`de nk nstn nspn`deh
esuktf. Nh trdgukeh hf lukoejnkte esê3

>< Pnktnk`de K³ 52==5-05-5=-==<-7=54-==0<2-=7 onh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on Jekdzehns Pehe @dvdh - Lejdhde, 52-
5=-7=54
>2
 Eutf K³ 2<==5055===47=54==>=5-=5 onh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on @ehd Pehe on Lejdhde, =>-=1-7=7=
 

‘nh esuktf esujn he snkoe on he ókd`e dkstek`de eh tretersn on uk prf`nsf vnrgeh

sujerdf hf qun djpnodrêe he eojdsdðk on he ehzeoe y nk `fksn`unk`de su onldkd`dðk9
pnrf, nh ertê`uhf 0> dgdonj rnze3
‘Jfodlêqunsn nh kujnreh 2 `fktnkdof nk nh ertê`uhf 77 on he Hny 5><? on
7=57, qunoerå esê.
"EW_Ê@^HF 77. @fjpntnk`de on hfs cun`ns on lejdhde nk prdjnre dkstek`de.
Hfs cun`ns on lejdhde `fkf`nk, nk prdjnre dkstek`de, on hfs sdbudnktns
esuktfs3 2. On he eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs
eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn".
Ns on`dr, qun eukqun nh tråjdtn e djpertdr nk nh sug cuod`n ns uk vnrgeh sujerdf, nh
`ueh snbók nh peråbrelf 5³ onh ertê`uhf 04= onh @.B.], ns on ókd`e dkstek`de (‘Hfs
prf`nsfs vnrgehns sujerdfs snråk on ókd`e dkstek`de‚), nh hnbdsheofr ae pnrjdtdof
nx`np`dfkehjnktn he ofghn dkstek`de nk nstn nspn`deh esuktf, `fjf hf ae an`af nk
ftrfs on equnh jdsjf hdkecn ( e budse on ncnjphf, hes `fktrfvnrsdes qun sn sus`dtnk
rnspn`tf onh ncnr`d`df on he petrde pftnsteo
pftnsteo ‐
 ‐kujnreh
kujnreh 0³ ertê`uhf 04= nk erjfkêe `fk
nh ertê`uhf 77 onh @.B.]-). Eafre, kf punon pnronrsn on vdste qun he hny 544< on 7<
on ebfstf on 7=54, nk su @epêtuhf \DDD, onkfjdkeof ‘Wäbdjnk on treksd`dðk‚,
ertê`uhf >7, eh rnbuher su vdbnk`de, `fksebre qun ‘Hes odspfsd`dfkns nsteghn`does nk
nste hny nktreråk nk vdbnk`de onson su prfjuhbe`dðk, `fk nx`np`dðk on equnhhfs
ertê`uhfs qun nsteghnz`ek uk phezf pere su djphnjnkte`dðk y hfs ertê`uhfs `fktnkdofs
nk nh @epêtuhf \ on he prnsnktn hny, hfs `uehns nktreråk nk vdbnk`de vndktd`uetrf (7?)
jnsns onspuäs on he prfjuhbe`dðk on he prnsnktn hny‚, hf qun pforêe supfknr qun qu n he
rnbuhe`dðk prn`nonktn kf sn punoe ephd`er pfr kf nster vdbnktn nh `epêtuhf \ hhejeof
‘eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs‚. Pdk njgerbf, `fjf ye y e sn odcf, tehns odspfsd`dfkns
kf sn nk`unktrek vdbnktns, pnrf nh hnbdsheofr odspusf nk su ertê`uhf >?, uk prf`nsf
prfvdsfrdf pere nh `esf nspn`êld`f on hes pnrsfkes qun sn nk`unktrek nk dk`epe`doeo
egsfhute on `fjukd`ersn y nxprnser sus prnlnrnk`des3
‘]rf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdf. Aeste tektf nktrnk nk
vdbnk`de hfs ertê`uhfs `fktnkdofs nk nh @epêtuhf
@ epêtuhf \ on he prnsnktn hny, nh cunz on lejdhde
onh ofjd`dhdf on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f punon ontnrjdker on jeknre
nx`np`dfkeh hfs epfyfs kn`nserdfs pere uke pnrsfke jeyfr on noeo `uekof sn
nk`unktrn egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere nxprnser su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des
pfr `uehqudnr jnodf, sdnjprn qun sne kn`nserdf pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he
prftn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs on heh e pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf.
Nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdf snrå prfjfvdof pfr uke
pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf y qun e`rnodtn uke rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze `fk he pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf.
 

Nh cunz, pfr jnodf on uk prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf, ontnrjdkerå he pnrsfke f pnrsfkes

on epfyf qun esdstdråk e he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, tnkdnkof nk `unkte he
rnhe`dðk on `fkldekze, ejdsteo, pernktns`f f `fkvdvnk`de nktrn nstfs y he pnrsfke
tdtuher. He snktnk`de on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs ldcerå nh eh`ek`n on hfs epfyfs
tnkdnkof nk `unkte hes kfrjes nsteghn`does nk he prnsnktn hny, eh dbueh qun nh phezf

on nstn, nh `ueh kf pforå supnrer he ln`ae ldkeh onh pnrdfof on treksd`dðk. He pnrsfke
tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f pforå fpfknrsn e he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs nk
`uehqudnr jfjnktf onh prf`nsf‚. (Pugreyeof lunre onh tnxtf)
Ns on`dr, qun, nk ephd`e`dðk on nste odspfsd`dðk treksdtfrde, nh prf`nodjdnktf e
djpertdr nk nstn esuktf sdbun sdnkof nh vnrgeh sujerdf `fk he pfsdgdhdoeo on he ofghn
dkstek`de, nk berektêe on hfs onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes tdtuherns onh e`tf curêod`f,
qudnkns tejgdäk punonk fpfknrsn y nvnktuehjnktn rn`urrdr he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh
on epfyfs.

¶Uudäk tdnkn he rezðk6

]ere nsteghn`nr qun trdgukeh tdnkn rezðk ns djpfrtektn tnknr nk

`unkte hf od`af pfr he @frtn Puprnje on Custd`de nk E@7>0-7=7= eh
odrdjdr uk `fklhd`tf on `fjpntnk`de nktrn ofs cuzbeofs on odlnrnktns
`dr`udtfs cuod`dehns eh rnspn`tf odcf3
‘Nh ertê`uhf 0> on he hny jfodld`ð nh kujnreh 2 on he rnbhe 77 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh
]rf`nsf pere nsteghn`nr qun hn `fjpntn e hfs Cun`ns on Lejdhde, nk prdjnre
dkstek`de, hfs prf`nsfs on «eocuod`e`dðk, jfodld`e`dðk y tnrjdke`dðk on epfyfs
eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn¹9 sdk njgerbf, `fjf hf snõehe nh ertê`uhf >7 on he hny
h ny,, nse
rnbhe on `fjpntnk`de eók kf sn nk`unktre vdbnktn,
vdbnktn , pfr hf qun, pfr nh jfjnktf,
ongn ephd`ersn nh kujnreh 5? onh ertê`uhf 75 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf,
]rf`nsf, snbók
nh `ueh ns `fjpntnk`de on hfs Cun`ns on Lejdhde, nk ókd`e dkstek`de,
dkstek`de , on equnhhfs
«esuktfs on lejdhde nk qun pfr odspfsd`dðk hnbeh sne kn`nserde he dktnrvnk`dðk onh
 cunz…¹. (knbrdte lunre on tnxtf)

On hf ektnrdfr sn `fhdbn qun he tnr`nre pfsture esujdoe pfr Nh

_rdgukeh Pupnrdfr on @ehd Pehe on Lejdhde ns nrreoe, tnkdnkof nk
`unkte qun nh ertê`uhf 0> on he hny 544< gecf nh `ueh lukoe sus
supunstfs on onrn`af eók kf sn nk`unktre vdbnktn, snbók he @frtn
Puprnje pere odrdjdr he `fjpntnk`de sn oe ephd`egdhdoeo kujnreh 5?

onh prf`nsfs
hfs ertê`uhf 75ononh @B], nk rezðk
eocuod`e`dðk e nhhf,onheepfyf
cuod`deh `fjpntnk`de perens
treksdtfrdf `fkf`nr
on hfs
 

Cun`ns on Lejdhde nk ókd`e dkstek`de.

dkstek`de. Nstf sdbkdld`e qun he snkoe onh
prf`nsf treksdtfrdf ns on uk vnrgeh sujerdf on ókd`e dkstek`de, y kf
on ofghn dkstek`de `fjf hf `fksdonrf nh trdgukeh, ns pfr nhhf pfr hf
qun kf prf`non nh rn`ursf on epnhe`dðk `fktre nh eutf qun rn`ae`n
he onjekoe onh ]rf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs
treksdtfrdf.
Kf fgstektn, sn ongn e`herer, qun `uekof nh `epêtuhf \ on he hny 544<
onh 7=54 nktrn nk vdbnk`de ns le`tdghn esujdr he pfsd`dðk on nstn
trdgukeh pere hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf
pnrjeknktn dktnrpunstf pfr pnrsfke odlnrnktn eh tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f nstf ns qun nh prf`nodjdnktf e djpertdr nk nsn esuktf sdbun
sdbun
sdnkof nh vnrgeh sujerdf `fk he pfsdgdhdoeo on he ofghn dkstek`de.
Pdbudnkof he jdsje hêkne on hf nsteghn`dof pfr he @frtn Puprnje nk
he prfvdonk`de E@7>0-7=7= ns le`tdghn onou`dr qun he snbukoe
pfsture, ns on`dr, he esujdoe pfr nh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr onh Odstrdtf
Cuod`deh on Jekdzehns Pehe @dvdh-Lejdhde tejgdäk ns nrreoe, oeof qun
nh ertê`uhf 075 onh @B] gecf nh `ueh lukoejnkte su pfsd`dðk e su tnkfr
od`n3
‘Ertê`uhf 075. ]rf`nonk`de3 Pfk epnheghns hes snktnk`des on prdjnre dkstek`de,
dkstek`de,
sehvf hes qun sn od`tnk nk nqudoeo.
nqudoeo.‚‚ (Knbrdte lunre on tnxtf‚ 
tnxtf‚ 

@fjf gdnk hf onldkdð he @frtn Puprnje on Custd`de nk nh prf`nsf on

eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf nh `fjpntnktn ns nh cunz
on ókd`e dkstek`de, ns pfr nhhf, qun kf ns oeghn ephd`er hf rnbheof nk
nh kujnreh 5 onh ertê`uhf 075 @B] eh prf`nsf nk jnk`dðk.
Onsvdrtueoe he snbukoe y tnr`nre pfsture, pfonjfs eldrjer qun he
pfsture `frrn`te ns he kujnrf ukf, esujdoe pfr nh _rdgukeh Pupnrdfr
on Jnonhhêk Lejdhde, nk nsn fronk on dones, tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun

nh prf`nsf
prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
on ókd`e dkstek`de, quncuod`deh on epfyf
sn eonhekte ektn nhtreksdtfrdf ns uk
cunz on lejdhde on
 

ókd`e dkstek`de, sn punon eldrjer qun `fktre nh eutf qun rn`ae`n he

onjekoe sfhf prf`non nh rn`ursf on rnpfsd`dðk. Pd rnsunhtf nh
rn`ursf on rnpfsd`dðk nh cunz `fkldrje nh rn`aezf on he onjekoe, nh
tnr`nrf hnbdtdjf dktnrnseof punon dk`fer uke e``dðk on tutnhe sd
`fksdonre qun `fk he on`dsdðk sn hn nståk vdfhekof hes berektêes
`fkstdtu`dfkehns e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo >1.
- Eojdtdoe he onjekoe3
^ke vnz eojdtdoe he onjekoe, nh cunz fronkere rnehdzer he
kftdld`e`dðk y nkvder hfs eknxfs e hes pnrsfkes donktdld`eoes nk he
onjekoe, nstf dk`huyn e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute qun
nk nstfs `esfs ns nh onjekoeof. Nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte hf
odspunstf nk nh dk`dsf ldkeh onh ertê`uhf
er tê`uhf >? on he hny 544< onh 7=54 qun
e su tnkfr od`n3
pforå fpfknrsn e he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh
‘He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f pforå
on epfyfs nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf onh prf`nsf‚  

Ns pfr nhhf, qun he pnrsfke `fk dk`epe`doeo egsfhute lukbn `fjf

onjekoeof, y sn hn ongn kftdld`er snbók he lfrje nsteghn`doe nk hfs
ertê`uhfs 745 y PP onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, y nh ertê`uhf 1= onh
On`rntf 1=< on 7=7=.

Nk eres on he prftn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs on he pnrsfke nk sdtue`dðk

on ods`epe`doeo, Ehbukfs cun`ns nståk onsdbkekof uk @ureofr eo
Hdtnj `fklfrjn eh ertê`uhf >> onh @B]. Nk jd fpdkdðk, oeof qun nstes
pnrsfkes kf sfk dk`epe`ns `fklfrjn e he hny, kf ns prf`nonktn he
esdbke`dðk on uk @ureofr eo Hdtnj. @fktrerdf snksu nh onspe`af
punon fpter, pere nln`tfs on he rnprnsnkte`dðk cuod`deh, pfr fld`der e
he Onlnksfrêe Wnbdfkeh onh ]unghf pere qun onsdbkn uk egfbeof,
qudnk ongnrå `fjpern`nr cuktf `fk nh of`ujnktf qun e`rnodtn he
onsdbke`dðk e he snon cuod`deh pere rn`dgdr kftdld`e`dðk pnrsfkeh on he

>1
 ]ere ejphder dklfrje`dðk `fk rnspn`tf e nstn puktf hnnr snktnk`de P_@5<514-7=54
 

prfvdonk`de, e qudnk sn hn `frrnrå tresheof on he onjekoe y sus

eknxfs pfr nh tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes pere qun `fk he ongdoe
onlnkse tä`kd`e, ncnrze nh onrn`af on onlnkse on he pnrsfke nk
`fkod`dðk on ods`epe`doeo egsfhute. Nh onlnksfr esdbkeof ongnrå
vnrdld`er he sdtue`dðk on djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute on he pnrsfke.
On dbueh lfrje nh onspe`af ongnrå oer evdsf eh Jdkdstnrdf ]ughd`f.
Nh onjekoektn tdnkn 5= oêes pere `fktnster he onjekoe, pfr fgvdes
rezfkns, e he pnrsfke qun sn nk`unktre
nk `unktre nk djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute kf
hn snrå pfsdghn oer `fktnste`dðk e he jdsje. Nk nsn nvnktf `fjf sn
jnk`dfkð ektnrdfrjnktn tres he onsdbke`dðk on uk onlnksfr nstn
`fktnsterå he onjekoe. Pd nh cunz kf onsdbke uk onlnksfr punon

fronker
pere qunernehd`n
uk luk`dfkerdf
uke vdsdteonh cuzbeof
y nk nk nstn
nh dklfrjn `esfnsteghn`nr
ongnrå he esdstnktnsd sf`deh,
nxdstn
he dk`epe`doeo egsfhute on he pnrsfke y on nste lfrje berektdzer nh
ongdof prf`nsf ebdhdzer nh jdsjf tfjekof nste vdsdte `fjf uke
kftdld`e`dðk.
Nh onspe`af fronkere rnehdzer uke vdsdte eh afber on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute pfr pertn onh f he tregeceofr/e sf`deh onh
Cuzbeof `fk nh fgcntf on `fksteter he dklfrje`dðk oeoe pfr he

onjekoektn. Nstn dklfrjn

E]FTF. Nk teh snktdof, fgreresf`deh
nh esdstnktn nk `ehdoeo
ongnråon \EHFWE@DÐK
nktrnvdstersn `fkON
nh
ods`epe`dteof y ontnrjdker on e`unrof e su noeo, breof on
dkstru``dðk, `fjprnksdðk, su kdvnh on `fjukd`e`dðk y
nktnkodjdnktf, y onjås espn`tfs pnrsfkehns hf sdbudnktn >43
✐  Uuä `hesn on epfyfs rnqudnrn pere he `fjukd`e`dðk y he tfje
on on`dsdfkns9

>4
 C^SBEOF PNB^KOF ON LEJDHDE ]F]ETÅK ‐
]F]ETÅK  ‐ @E^@E,
 @E^@E, ebfstf fk`n on ofs jdh vndktn. Eutf on
Pustek`de`dðk Kf. >>4 Weod`eof3 54-==5-05-5=-==7-7=54-==??4-==
 

✐  Pdsn kn`nsdtek ecustns pere qun he pnrsfke punoe pertd`dper

e`tdvejnktn nk nh prf`nsf9
✐  Lfrjuher hes subnrnk`des qun nstdjn kn`nserdes, nk he eofp`dðk

on jn`ekdsjfs qun pnrjdtek onserrfhher hes `epe`doeons onh

`dteof, nk rnhe`dðk e he tfje on on`dsdfkns pere eh`ekzer jeyfr
eutfkfjêe nk hes jdsjes9
✐  Aey qun dkod`er qun pnrsfkes on hes qun rfonek e he pnrsfke

`fk ods`epe`doeo sfk hes qun tdnknk jeyfr `nr`ekêe, tretf y

`fjukd`e`dðk `fk äh n dbuehjnktn uk jeyfr kdvnh on `fkldekze
`fk nh ldk on qun punoek e`tuer `fjf epfyf nk he tfje on
on`dsdfkns
✐  ]rnsnkter uk dklfrjn bnknreh sfgrn nh prfyn`tf on vdoe onh

ods`epe`dteof lrnktn eh e`tf curêod`f `fk`rntf nxpunstf nk he

onjekoe.
Nh onspe`af nk eutf qun `dtn pere he euodnk`de on`rntere hes prunges
pnodoes pfr hes pertns y he qun on fld`df `fksdonrn, nktrn nhhfs
tnknjfs he vdsdte onh esdstnktn sf`deh eh afber on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute, nh dktnrrfbetfrdf e he pertn onjekoektn y
onjekoe y nh tnstdjfkdf on hfs lejdhderns jås `nr`ekfs y on hfs
vn`dkfs on snr kn`nserdf.
E^ODNK@DE3 Nk ldrjn nh eutf eojdsfrdf on he onjekoe y vnk`dof nh
tnrjdkf on tresheof on he onjekoe, nh cunz nk uke sfhe euodnk`de
pre`td`ere hes e`tdvdoeons prnvdstes nk hfs ertê`uhfs 027 y 020o onh
@B].
DKP_EHE@DFK3 ^ke vnz egdnrte he euodnk`de on qun trete hfs ertê`uhfs
027 y 020 onh @.B.], sn ongnrå oncer `fkstek`de he `fjpern`nk`de e
he odhdbnk`de nh rnprnsnktektn onh Jdkdstnrdf ]óghd`f, he pertn
onjekoektn ongdoejnktn rnprnsnkteoe, nh onlnksfr on he pertn
onjekoeoe y he pertn onjekoeoe qun ns he pnrsfke `fk
 

ods`epe`doeo egsfhute, oeoe he `fkod`dðk on dk`epe`doeo nh cuzbeof

ongnrå `fkte`ter vdrtuehjnktn e he pnrsfke ourektn he euodnk`de.
DD.DK_NWWFBE_FWDF E HE ]EW_N3 Pn rn`np`dðkere he on`here`dðk on
DD.DK_NWWFBE_FWDF
he pertn onjekoektn nk nh prf`nsf. Esê `fjf nh on he pertn
onjekoeoe, nk `esf on dk`epe`doeo egsfhute sn oncerå `fkstek`de
qun sn ae`n djpfsdghn pre`td`erhn nh dktnrrfbetfrdf pfr su `fkod`dðk
`fkod`dðk..
DDD. LDCE@DÐK ON HD_DBDF. Pn hn `fk`nonrå he pehegre eh jdkdstnrdf
póghd`f, eh rnprnsnktektn on he pertn onjekoeoe y e he pertn
onjekoektn. Pn ongnrå ldcer hdtdbdf nk rnhe`dðk e hf sdbudnktn3
Ontnrjdker sd he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo kn`nsdte Epfyf Cuod`deh
pere rnehdzer hfs e`tfs curêod`fs rnhe`dfkeofs nk he onjekoe. Nk `esf

eldrjetdvf, ontnrjdker
epfyf cuod`deh qudäk
qun rnqudnrn he ns he pnrsfke doðkne pere ncnr`nr nsn
onjekoeoe.
D\. @FK_WFH ON HNBEHDOEO. Nh onspe`af oncere `fkstek`de qun,
rnvdsf nh tråjdtn onh prf`nsf y kf fgsnrvð e`tue`dðk ehbuke qun
punoe e`errner `euseh on kuhdoeo u ftres drrnbuherdoeons, on snr esê,
on`herere sekneof y hdgrn on `uehqudnr vd`df nh hdtdbdf
h dtdbdf..
D\. ]WE@_D@E ON ]W^NGEP3 nsteghn`nr hes prunges qun lunrfk
on`rnteoes y pre`td`eoes nktrn nhhes hfs tnstdjfkdfs on hfs lejdhderns
`nr`ekfs, vn`dkfs, he pnrsfke qun `udoe eh tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f on
nxdstdr y nh dklfrjn rnehdzeof pfr nh esdstnktn sf`deh onh cuzbeof.
c uzbeof.
\. EHNBE_FP ON @FK@H^PDFK3 Ldkehdzeoe he ntepe prfgetfrde sn
ns`u`aerfk hfs ehnbetfs on `fk`husdðk prnsnkteofs pfr nh epfonreof
on he pertn onjekoektn, nh rnprnsnktektn on he pertn onjekoeo y nh
rnprnsnktektn onh Jdkdstnrdf ]óghd`f. 
]óghd`f. 
\D. PNK_NK@DE3 @fk`hudoe he ntepe prfgetfrde, sn prf`nonrå e od`ter
he snktnk`de qun nk onrn`af `frrnspfkon. 
`frrnspfkon.  Ns ongnr onh cuzbeof
vnrdld`er qun sn hfbrn onjfstrer on jeknre nln`tdve qun nh tråjdtn
 

treksdtfrdf sne kn`nserdf ‘pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he prftn``dðk

on hfs onrn`afs on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf‚.
e`tf‚. ]ere nhhf sn sfpfrterå
nk nh dklfrjn rnkodof pfr nh esdstnktn sf`deh nkvdeof pfr nh
onspe`af, eonjås on rn`euoer nh tnstdjfkdf on hfs lejdhderns jås
`nr`ekfs y vn`dkfs on snr kn`nserdf. 
kn`nserdf. 
- _rejdtn e snbudr snbók nh nsteof onh prf`nsf3 
prf`nsf3   Onh räbdjnk on
treksd`dðk nstdpuheof nk nh `epêtuhf \DDD sn onou`nk 0 prf`nodjdnktfs
snbók nh nsteof onh prf`nsf (d) kunvf, (dd) nk `ursf y (ddd) `fk`hudofs.
Nh tråjdtn pfr snbudr pere `eoe ukf ns nh sdbudnktn3
5) kunvfs3 @fjf kf sn punonk dkd`der kunvfs prf`nsfs on
dktnrod``dðk pfrqun lunrfk prfadgdofs y e su vnz kf sn punon dkd`der

hfs prf`nsfs
nktreof on epfyf
nk vdbnk`de cuod`deh,\ on
nh `epêtuhf tnkdnkof nk `unkte
he hny 544< qun
on 7=54, sn kf ae
prnvdð
pere nstfs `esfs, nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs
treksdtfrdfs.
Hf prdjnrf qun sn ongn on`dr, ns qun nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
 cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdfs ns
ns on `erå`tnr nx`np`dfkeh,
nx`np`dfkeh, sfhf
sfhf ephd`e
nk hfs nvnktfs on djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute. ]ere qun he onjekoe
`fktnjpheoe nk nh ertê`uhf >? sehbe evektn ns dkodspnkseghn qun sn

`ujphek ofs rnqudsdtfs e segnr3

d)- E`rnodter qun he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f sn nk`unktrn
egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere nxprnser su vfhukteo y
prnlnrnk`des
prnlnrnk `des pfr `uehqudnr jnodf. 
jnodf. 
He djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute sn oe nk hfs `esfs qun he pnrsfke sn
nk`unktre nk uk pnrêfof prfhfkbeof on dk`fks`dnk`de prfvf`eoe pfr
nklnrjnoeo f hnsdðk (`fje)9 `fk uke odsluk`dðk `nrngreh `rðkd`e nk
he qun he pnrsfke kf junstre sdbkfs on `fk`dnk`de (nsteof
vnbntetdvf), `fk uke ods`epe`doeo `fbkdtdve brevn, uk trestfrkf
onjnk`deh, sn`unhes knurfhðbd`es pfr _@N (_reujetdsjf
 

@reknfnk`nlåhd`f), u ftre `hesn on ods`epe`doeo qun hn djpfsdgdhdtn

nxprnser su vfhukteo f prnlnrnk`de.
Nse e`rnodte`dðk sn punon ae`nr pfr `uehqudnr jnodf on prunge

`fjf pfr onh

`nrtdld`eof ncnjphf
jäod`fuktretektn
od`tejnk
qunjäod`f, adstfrde
rnldnre hfs `hêkd`e, uky
peon`djdnktfs
`fjphncdoeo on nstfs, nvehue`dðk ]sdqudåtrd`e nt`.
Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun sd gdnk sn ongn e`rnodter he djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, he hny 544< kf
`fkod`dfkf he eojdsdðk on he onjekoe e uke prunge nspn`êld`e, pfr
hf qun gesterêe `fk ehhnber `uehqudnr jnodf prfgetfrdf nk nh qun sn
punoe nvdonk`der he djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, eonjås nh cunz pfr

odspfsd`dðk
on`rnter hes kfrjetdve tdnkn
qun `fksdonrn ejphdes yle`uhteons
kn`nserdes prfgetfrdes
nk nh tråjdtn pere
onh prf`nsf sn
oerå nh ongetn prfgetfrdf pere e`rnodter he nxdstnk`de on he
djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute ekåhdsds qun ongnrå rnehdzer nh lehheofr y qun
oncere phesjeof eh jfjnktf on njdtdr nh lehhf.
Pd kf sn `ujphn nh rnqudsdtf on djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, nh prf`nsf e
snbudr ongn snr nh on curdsod``dðk vfhukterde nstdpuheof nk nh ertê`uhf
02 on he hny 544< onh 7=54 (Eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs nk he tfje on

on`dsdfkns prfjfvdof
nktre nk vdbnk`de pfronh
e pertdr he pnrsfke tdtuheronh
72 on ebfstf onh7=75
e`tf curêod`f) nh
n h `ueh

dd)- Uun sne kn`nserdf pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he

h e prftn``dðk on
hfs onrn`afs on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf.
Pfhf snrå prf`nonktn he onjekoe nk nh nvnktf qun sn prntnkoe
berektdzer ehbók onrn`af on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf, pfr ncnjphf,
nk hfs nvnktfs nk hfs qun he pnrsfke hn lun rn`fkf`doe uke pnksdðk y
kf pfsnn uke `unkte on gek`f e su kfjgrn, pfr hf qun sn ongn
e`nr`er pnrsfkehjnktn eh gek`f e rntdrer su pnksdðk. ]nrf ongdof e
qun sn nk`unktre nk uk nsteof on djpfsdgdhdoeo egsfhute, y sn
 

kn`nsdte on he pnksdðk pere peber su `udoeof, ehdjnkte`dðk

jnod`ejnktfs nktrn ftrfs bestfs y oeof qun kf tdnkn ftre lunktn
lun ktn on
dkbrnsfs, ns le`tdghn eonhekter nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk
eocuod`e` dðk cuod`deh on
epfyf treksdtfrdf pere sehvebueroer su onrn`af eh jêkdjf vdteh y e su
dktnbrdoeo lêsd`e.
Nk rnsujnk, sn ongn nk`fktrer onjfstreoe uke eln`te`dðk e hfs
onrn`afs petrdjfkdehns on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh onrn`af.
7) Nk `ursf3 Nh
`ursf3 Nh ertê`uhf >> on he hny 544< onh 7=54 suspnkodð on lfrje
dkjnodete hfs prf`nsfs on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk qun sn aeyek
dkd`deof `fk ektnrdfrdoeo e he prfjuhbe`dðk on he hny.
On jeknre nx`np`dfkeh he hny pnrjdtdð qun nh cunz on`rntere nh
hnvektejdnktf on he suspnksdðk y he ephd`e`dðk on jnodoes
`eutnherns, kfjdkeoes f dkkfjdkeoes, `uekof hf `fksdonrn
pnrtdknktn pere berektdzer he prftn``dðk y odslrutn on hfs onrn`afs
petrdjfkdehns on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo.
Nk nstfs nvnktfs uke pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf (adcf, anrjekf
nt`.) punon sfhd`dterhn eh cunz onh onspe`af ofkon sn nstå trejdtekof
nh prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk qun fronkn hnvekter he suspnksdðk onh
prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk y `fjf jnodoe `eutnher eutfrd`n on jeknre
prfvdsdfkeh e nse pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf `fjf epfyf pere
ncnr`nr hegfrns on `udoeof pnrsfkeh y on e`fjpeõejdnktf nk he
etnk`dðk on hes kn`nsdoeons gåsd`es y on sehuo, f onsdbker on jeknre
treksdtfrde uke pnrsfke on epfyf pere he eojdkdstre`dðk on hfs
gdnkns, eojdkdstre`dðk on he pnksdðk nt`.
^ke vnz rnekuoeof nh cud`df, hfs cuzbeofrns keturehns tnkoråk qun
eofpter sus on`dsdfkns gecf hfs hdknejdnktfs on he kunve rnbuhe`dðk,
oeoe su `fksegdoe vdbnk`de bnknreh dkjnodete, hf qun sn retdld`e `fk
he prfadgd`dðk on rnbrnsdðk nk jetnrde on onrn`afs aujekfs,
onrdveoe of`trdkerdejnktn onh prdk`dpdf on prfbrnsdvdoeo, `uyf
 

lukoejnktf kfrjetdvf tdnkn bäknsds nk hfs ertê`uhfs 7³ onh ]e`tf

Dktnrke`dfkeh on Onrn`afs N`fkðjd`fs, Pf`dehns y @uhturehns -
eofpteof pfr he Esejghne Bnknreh on hes Ke`dfkns ^kdoes nh 5< on
od`dnjgrn on 54<<- y 7< on he @fkvnk`dðk Ejnrd`eke sfgrn Onrn`afs
Aujekfs -sus`rdte nh 77 on kfvdnjgrn on 54<4-<=.
@fjpntnk`de3 He hny 544< onh 7=54 kf `fktnjphð kdkbók ertê`uhf
qun nsteghn`dnre he `fjpntnk`de onh prf`nsf cuod`deh on epfyf
treksdtfrdf, y `fjf qudnre qun nh ertê`uhf 0> on od`ae hnbdshe`dðk eók
kf sn nk`unktre vdbnktn, sn ongn oer ephd`e`dðk e hf odspunstf nk nh
kujnreh 5? onh ertê`uhf 75 onh @ðodbf Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, snbók nh
`ueh ns `fjpntnk`de on hfs Cun`ns on Lejdhde, nk ókd`e dkstek`de,
equnhhfs «esuktfs on lejdhde nk qun pfr odspfsd`dðk hnbeh sne
kn`nserde he dktnrvnk`dðk onh cunz…¹., sdnkof he eocuod`e`dðk on
epfyfs treksdtfrdfs ukf on nhhfs.<5 
He `fjpntnk`de rn`en sfgrn nh cunz qun `fkf`êe onh prf`nsf on
dktnrod``dðk cuod`deh `uekof nktrf nk vdbfr he hny 544< onh 7=54. ]fr
hf ektnrdfr he sfhd`dtuo on hnvektejdnktf on nse suspnksdðk f nh dkd`df
on uk kunvf prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs treksdtfrdfs
pere qun sn eofptnk jnodoes kn`nserdes pere berektdzer hfs
onrn`afs petrdjfkdehns onh tdtuher onh onrn`af sn ongn ae`nr ektn nh
 cunz on lejdhde ofkon
ofkon `ursege nh prf`nsf on ddktnrod``dðk.
ktnrod``dðk.
0) @fk`hudofs3 ]ere hfs prf`nsfs nk hfs qun ye nxdstn snktnk`de on
dktnrod``dðk nxdstnk ofs pfsdgdhdoeons3
(e) he on`here`dðk jdsje on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk sn
jektnkorå dk`ðhujn, sehvf qun sn dkd`dn uk tråjdtn on
rnaegdhdte`dðk, nh `ueh sn `fksnrve nk vdbfr aeste nh eõf
eõ f 7=75, y
e pertdr on nste ln`ae y aeste nh 7=77 ongnrå prf`nonrsn e he

<=
 Pt`5<175/7=54
<5
 E@7>0-7=7= on 05 on nknrf on 7=7=,
 

rnvdsdðk fld`dfse, f e sfhd`dtuo on pertn, pere qun, on

`fksdonrersn qun «hes pnrsfkes gecf dktnrod``dðk f
dkaegdhdte`dðk... rnqudnrnk on he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on
epfyfs¹, sn sustdtuyek equähhes pfr jnodoes on epfyf f,
sdjphnjnktn, sn nktdnkoe aegdhdteof nh rnlnrdof
«rn`fkf`djdnktf on he `epe`doeo hnbeh phnke¹ {ertê`uhf >< ) 9 y
(g) hfs e`tfs on ncn`u`dðk on hes ontnrjdke`dfkns cuod`dehns
prnvdes, gecf nh nln`tf uhtre`tdvf on he Hny 50=< on 7==4, pfr hf
`ueh ae on nktnkonrsn qun nh cuzbeofr frodkerdf `fksnrve sus
le`uhteons pere rnsfhvnr tfof hf rnhe`dfkeof `fk hfs rn`ursfs
qun sn prfjunvek `fktre hes on`dsdfkns on he ncn`u`dðk,
dk`huynkof, sdk hdjdtersn e nhhfs, he rnjf`dðk, onsdbke`dðk on
`ureofr, rnkod`dðk on `unktes, nt`., pfsdgdhdoeo qun nk`unktre
epfyeoure nk hfs `åkfkns 0=< y >1< kujnreh >½- onh @ðodbf
Bnknreh onh ]rf`nsf, nh óhtdjf nk su tnxtf frdbdkeh, `fk
ektnhe`dðk e he rnlfrje dktrfou`doe pfr he rnbhe 02 on he Hny
544< on 7=54, hfs `uehns
`uehns pnrjdtnk e hfs cun`ns eofpter tfoes
hes jnodoes kn`nserdes pere he ncn`u`dðk on sus
ontnrjdke`dfkns y, tretåkofsn on bueroeofrns, nxtdnkon su
`fjpntnk`de e tfofs hfs e`tfs tnkodnktns e su onsdbke`dðk.
¶@uåkof sn punon sfhd`dter rnjfvnr nh `ureofr6
Pn punon sfhd`dter eh onspe`af rnjfvnr nh bueroeofr y kfjgrer uk
epfyf cuod`deh nk hfs sdbudnktns nvnktfs3
- Nh bueroeofr nk su rnkod`dðk on `unktes kf hfbrn custdld`er he
tftehdoeo onh `fstf on hes dkvnrsdfkns.
- Nxdste uke lehte on `fkf`djdnktf nk nh jekncf ldkek`dnrf qun
`fkhhnvn uk ontrdjnktf petrdjfkdeh.
 

- Nh bueroeofr onsdbkeof nstå eojdkdstrekof hfs gdnkns y `fgrekof

odknrf, pnrf kf nktrnbe odknrfs e levfr onh dktnrod`tf.
- Kf sn tdnkn `fkf`djdnktf onh pereonrf onh bueroeofr.

- Nh bueroeofr nklnrjn on jeknre brevn f lehhn`n.

Oeoe he ephd`e`dðk uhtre e`tdve on he Hny 50=< on 7==4  @uehqudnr
pnrsfke punon prfjfvnr nh rnspn`tdvf prf`nsf vnrgeh on rnjf`dðk
on bueroeofr pfr dktnrjnodf on uk prflnsdfkeh onh onrn`af f onh
jdkdstnrdf póghd`f sd hf `fksdonrn prf`nonktn y qun sn fronkn he
rnkod`dðk on `unktes
- @fjpntnk`de3 Ns djpfrtektn rnsehter qun `uehqudnr e`tue`dðk
 cuod`deh rnhe`dfkeoe `fk pnrsfkes e qudnkns sn hns aeye eocuod`eof
epfyfs snrå on `fjpntnk`de onh Cunz qun aeye `fkf`dof onh prf`nsf
on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs.
`. Espn`tfs ]rå`td`fs
e. Jfonhf on pfonr pere eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs
treksdtfrdf3 NH Jfonhf sn nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk
he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.
g. jfonhf pere prnsnkter onjekoe on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on
epfyfs treksdtfrdf3 NH
treksdtfrdf3 NH Jfonhf sn nk`unktre nk lfrjetf Rfro
nodteghn nk he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf. 
`- jfonhf prf`nsf eocuod`e`dðk
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf
(nxdstn prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk nk `ursf)3 NH
`ursf)3 NH Jfonhf sn nk`unktre
nk lfrjetf Rfro nodteghn nk he `erpnte nkvdeoe eh `frrnf.

]rnbuktes on hfs snbudofrns on he lek pebn BJA Egfbeofs

  BJA Egfbeofs, ustno `rnn qun puon uk cunz prfjds`uf
•

jukd`dpeh `fkf`nr on nstn tdpf on prf`nsf pfr tretersn on uk

vnrgeh sujerdf6
 

Wste3 Kf, nstn prf`nsf ongn trejdtersn ektn uk cunz on lejdhde.

•  Gunkes kf`ans eprn`deofs. Nk `esf on snr uke pnrsfke ye
jeyfr (21 eõfs) qun sne nhhe jdsje he qun sfhd`dtä qun ukf on

sus
tfoflejdhderns sne onsdbkeof
pere tråjdtns `fjf
hnbehns `fjf su pnrsfke on`nhngre`dðk
`fjprevnktes, epfyf, sfgrn
on
`fktretfs on errdnkof, `fgrf on pnksdðk, nk ldk, tråjdtns
hnbehns, ¶quä sn ongn onjfstrer6 ]ertdnkof on he gesn qun he
snõfre kf tdnkn kdkbuke ods`epe`doeo lêsd`e f jnkteh, sfhf qun
pfr su evekzeoe noeo qudnrn qun sn hn onsdbkn uke pnrsfke on
`fkldekze (lejdhder) pere nsfs tråjdtns.
Wste3 ]ere nstfs `esfs he hny 544< onh 7=54 nk su `epêtuhf DDD prnvdf

uke anrrejdnkte
on e`tfs curêod`fs,onkfjdkeoe e`unrofrnsehter
ns juy djpfrtektn on epfyfofspere he `nhngre`dðk
`fses3
5.  ]ere qun nh epfyf punoe rnehdzer e`tfs curêod`fs nk
rnprnsnkte`dðk on he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f ongn
nxdstdr e`fron eh ertê`uhf ?1 on he `dteoe hny uk jekoetf nxprnsf
on he pnrsfke tdtuher   pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs
nk su kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk.
7.  Hfs tråjdtns hnbehns pfr rnehdzer ongnk nster nspn`dld`eof, kf

punonk snr bnknreh, ns on`dr kf sn punon eocuod`er uk epfyf

pere rnehdzer hfs tråjdtns qun sn prnsnktnk. Pd sn prntnkon
rnehdzer uk tråjdtn hnbeh on `fjprevnkte sfgrn uk gdnk
nspn`dld`f, `nhngre`dðk on `fktretf on errdnkof y `fgrf on
pnksdðk, `eoe ukf on nsfs tråjdtns ongnrå snr donktdld`eofs
`fk oetfs puktuehns, ns on`dr, sn ongn nsteghn`nr uk epfyf
pere vnkonr nh gdnk dkjunghn ugd`eof nk he odrn``dðk x `fk
jetrê`uhe dkjfgdhderde x y onjås oetfs on dkodvdouehdze`dðk.
 

•  ¶]forêe nxphd`er rnspn`tf e hes pnksdfkns on sfgrnvdvdnktn, Nh

e`unrof on epfyf sn kn`nsdte sfhf nk `esf on qun sne
ods`epe`dteoe6

Wste3 Nh
epfyf Nh 
  ertê`uhf
sfk 5> on he on
uk jn`ekdsjf hnyepfyf
544< lfrjeh
nsteghn`n qun
‘ pfr hfs e`unrofs
jnodf on
onh `ueh uke
 pnrsfke, jeyfr on noeo ‚ PD@ . Nh ertê`uhf nk jnk`dðk kf nspn`dld`e
qun he pnrsfke ongn tnknr uke ods`epe`doeo, he rezðk on snr on nstf,
ns prn`dsejnktn qun nste anrrejdnkte sne useoe tejgdäk pfr
pnrsfkes on noeo evekzeoe qun kf tdnknk kdkbuke ods`epe`doeo,
pnrf pfr su evekzeoe noeo sn hn ae`n `fjphncf nster onsphezåkofsn
pere rnehdzer odlnrnktns trejdtns, pere nhhf, ns djpfrtektn qun
eonjås onh e`unrof on epfyf, nxdste nh jekoetf nxprnsf on he
pnrsfke tdtuher 
tdtuher  pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su
kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk
•  Or. pere pfonr fgtnknr uke pnksdðk on sfgrnvdvdnktn y nh
gnknld`derdf ns uke pnrsfke nk `fkod`dðk nspn`deh, sn rnqunrdrå
uk e`unrof on epfyf f dkd`der `fjf teh nh prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf pere qun sn kfjgrn
uk epfyf cuod`deh6

Wste3 Pd he pnrsfke tdnkn uke ods`epe`doeo egsfhute, ns on`dr qun sn

nk`unktrn pfr ncnjphf nk nsteof on `fje, f sulre on uke onjnk`de
on jnk`de
qun hn djpdoe ae`nr usf on su `epe`doeo hnbeh, ns kn`nserdf qun sn
dkd`dn he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf, sd su ods`epe`doeo
kf ns tek snvnre y sn punon `fjukd`er y nxprnser su `epe`doeo hnbeh,
ns suld`dnktn `fk nh e`unrof on epfyf y nh jekoetf nxprnsf on he
pnrsfke tdtuher 
tdtuher  pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su
kfjgrn y rnprnsnkte`dðk.

•
  Gunkes kf`ans euk pfr vêe on nx`np`dðk hfs cun`ns nståk
knbekof hfs prf`nsfs on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf treksdtfrdf.
 

Wste3 Eh snr uk prf`nsf tek kunvf nk nh fronkejdnktf `fhfjgdekf,

ehbukfs cun`ns euk kf aek nktnkodof he odkåjd`e onh prf`nsf, pnrf
sfgrn tfof, kf aek nktnkodof qun nhhfs tdnknk uk rfh e`tdvf nk nstn
prf`nsf `esd `fjf nh on uk cunz `fkstdtu`dfkeh, puns ongnk vnher pfr
prftnbnr hfs onrn`afs on nte `fjukdoeo qun `unkte `fk prftn``dðk
`fkstdtu`dfkeh, nk hfs `esfs qun nstfs prf`nsfs snek rn`aezeofs
r n`aezeofs pfr
hfs cun`ns on dkstek`de y ns nvdonktn he vuhknre`dðk on hfs onrn`afs
on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute, sn punon dkd`der uke e``dðk
on tutnhe.
•  ¶Nk he e`tuehdoeo tf`e eonhekter prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk on
epfyf treksdtfrdf6 ¶]ere sfhd`dter od`af prf`nsf sn ongn
e`fjpeõer dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyf6 ¶Pn rnqudnrn
`fk`nptf jäod`f qun dkodqun su `epe`doeo `fbkdtdve6
Wste3 ]ere he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute sd, sn ongn dkd`der
nstn tdpf on prf`nsfs. Kf, Bfgdnrkf Ke`dfkeh eók kf ae nxpnodof hfs
hdknejdnktfs y he rnbhejnkte`dðk on he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs, pfr
nkon ns djpfsdghn eknxer nh dklfrjn on vehfre`dðk on epfyf, eonjås
qun he hny kf prnvdf nstn rnqudsdtf on prf`nodgdhdoeo pere nh räbdjnk
on treksd`dðk, nk nstfs `esf nh onspe`af ongn fronker eh esdstnktn
sf`deh onh cuzbeof, rnehdzer uke vdsdte e he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo
egsfhute y vnrdld`er tfofs hfs oetfs on he onjekoe y onjås oetfso etfs qun
fronkn nh cunz, nstn dklfrjn aerå
aer å hes vn`ns on he
h e vehfre`dðk on epfyf.
Pn punon eknxer `uehqudnr of`ujnktf ofkon sn punoe `fhnbdr qun
he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere nxprnser
su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr `uehqudnr jnodf, nstf punon snr uk
od`tejnk jäod`f, adstfrde `hêkd`e, uk `nrtdld`eof onh jäod`f tretektn
tr etektn
qun rnldnre hfs peon`djdnktfs y `fjphncdoeo on nstfs, nvehue`dðk
]sdqudåtrd`e nt`. Ns terne onh esdstnktn sf`deh onh onspe`af vnrdld`er he
dklfrje`dðk sujdkdstreoe pere nsteghn`nr sd he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre
 

egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere nxprnser su vfhukteo y

prnlnrnk`des pfr `uehqudnr jnodf.
•  ¶Uuä eutfrdoeo sn nk`unktre ae`dnkof he vehfre`dðk on epfyf6

Wste3 E he ln`ae, (5> on nknrf 7=7=) Nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh kf ae

nxpnodof hfs prftf`fhfs kd he rnbhejnkte`dðk pere he vehfre`dðk on
epfyfs, pfr nkon, nk nstfs jfjnktfs kdkbuke nktdoeo póghd`f f
prdveoe hf nstå ae`dnkof, ns on rnsehter qun pere nh räbdjnk on
treksd`dðk nste vehfre`dðk on epfyf kf ns uk rnqudsdtf on
prf`nodgdhdoeo, nk nstfs `esfs hfs cun`ns nståk fronkekof eh
esdstnktn sf`deh onh onspe`af rnehdzer uke vdsdte e he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute y rnkodr uk dklfrjn, nstn dklfrjn aerå hes

vn`ns on vehfre`dðk on epfyf.

•  ¶^ke pnrsfke qun kf tdnkn dktnrod``dðk on`hereoe pnrf kf
tdnkn hes `epe`doeons on `fjprnkonr `fk `herdoeo hf rnlnrnktn
e uke sfhd`dtuo on pnksdðk on sfgrnvdvnk`de ourektn nh tärjdkf
on treksd`dðk sn ae`n sðhf pfr nh vnrgeh sujerdf f ye nståk hes
kfterêes y `nktrfs on `fk`dhde`dðk rnehdzekof hfs prf`nsfs on
epfyfs6
Wste3 Nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh ye nxpdodð nh on`rntf on rnbhejnkte`dðk
pere qun hes kfterêes y `nktrfs on `fk`dhde`dðk punoek rnehdzer hfs
e`unrofs on epfyf, pnrf ju`aes kfterdes euk s nståk rnausekof e
rnehdzer nstn tråjdtn pfrqun kf hfs aek `epe`dteof `fjf hf fronke
he hny 544< onh 7=54.
•  ]ere rnehdzer nh tråjdtn on Epfyf, y e qudnk sn rnprnsnkte, ye
bfze pfr uk `fk`nptf pfr he Cukte rnbdfkeh on dkvehdonz, nh
jdsjf qun e`rnodte su breof on ods`epe`doeo, pnrf nste
ods`epe`doeo kf ns \nrgeh f Euodtdve, ¶punon eonhekter nh
prf`nsf6
 

Wste3 Nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf treksdtfrdf sfhf sn

punon eonhekter sd he pnrsfke sn nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn
djpfsdgdhdteoe pere nxprnser su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr
`uehqudnr jnodf. Pd he dk`epe`doeo ns sfhf lêsd`e, pnrf punon nxprnser
su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`de, sn ongn ae`nr usf on hfs e`unrofs on
epfyf.
•  Pulrn uk e``donktn y hhnve jnsns nk nsteof on `fje, ¶quä ongn
ae`nr nh cunz6
Wste3 Pn ongn eonhekter nh prf`nsf sd sn ontnrjdke qun ns kn`nserdf
pere berektdzer nh ncnr`d`df y he prftn``dðk on hfs onrn`afs on he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf. Fronkere uke vdsdte onh esdstnktn sf`deh onh

onspe`af e su nktfrkf lejdhder y on ejdbfs `nr`ekfs pere nsteghn`nr

sf prfyn`tf on vdoe, nstf jdnktres sn rnbhejnkte he vehfre`dðk on
epfyfs, `uekof he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs nstn rnbhejnkteoe, nk nstn
dklfrjn ongn nxdstdr uk dklfrjn sfgrn nh prfyn`tf on vdoe on he
pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, y nh cunz ongn budersn pfr nh dklfrjn.
•  ¶]nsn e he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de onh `ep. > on he hny 544< on 7=54,
eh oêe on afy, punof dkd`der uk prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh
on epfyf sfhd`dteof pfr uk tnr`nrf, pere qun sne nstn on`hereof
`fjf epfyf on cuod`deh on he pnrsfke nk `fkod`dðk nspn`deh6
Wste3 Nh `epêtuhf \ eók kf sn nk`unktre vdbnktn, nh jdsjf nktre nk
vdbnk`de nh 7< on ebfstf onh 7=75. Dkd`der uk prf`nsf pfr uk tnr`nrf
punon ae`nrsn tektf nk nh räbdjnk on treksd`dðk qun ns nh qun sn
nk`unktre vdbnktn, `fjf e pertdr on he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de onh
ertd`uhf \, he prf`nonk`de onh prf`nsf nsterå sucnte e qun sn `ujphek
hfs rnqudsdtfs nk nh nsteghn`dofs nstf ns ‘ he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf
 curêod`f sn nk`unktre egsfhutejnktn djpfsdgdhdteoe pere jekdlnster

su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des pfr `uehqudnr jnode, jfof y lfrjetf on

`fjukd`e`dðk pfsdghn, y g) qun he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo sn
 

nk`unktrn djpfsdgdhdteoe on ncnr`nr su `epe`doeo hnbeh y nstf `fkhhnvn

e he vuhknre`dðk f ejnkeze on sus onrn`afs pfr pertn on uk tnr`nrf.‚

•   @fjf sn punon prf`nonr `uekof uke pnrsfke tdnkn uke

ods`epe`doeo egsfhute,
tfjer sus prfpdes kf tdnkn hnkbuecn kd tejpf`f punon
on`dsdfkns.
Wste3 Pn punon dkd`der nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyf
treksdtfrdf nk nstfs jfjnktfs, y pertdr onh 7< on ebfstf onh 7=75
`uekof nktrn nk vdbnk`de nh @epêtuhf \ on he hny 544< sn punon dkd`der
nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyf dkd`deoe pfr tnr`nre pnrsfke `fk
dktnräs hnbêtdjf.
•   ¶Uudäk ncnr`n he rnprnsnkte`dðk on he pnrsfke ods`epe`dteoe
onktrf onh prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf6
Wste3 He hny 544< onh 7=54 nsteghn`n he pertd`dpe`dðk onh jdkdstnrdf
póghd`f f nh onlnksfr on lejdhde snbók nh `esf. He jeyfrêe on hfs
onspe`afs nståk esdbkekof uk `ureofr Eo Hdtnj `fklfrjn eh ertê`uhf
>> onh @B] pere qun rnprnsnktn e he pnrsfke `fk djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute, ns on ekfter qun he hny 544< onh 7=54 kf adzf ehusdðk e he
prf`nonk`de f kf onh `ureofr. Nk jd fpdkdðk, oeof qun nstes
pnrsfkes kf sfk dk`epe`ns `fklfrjn e he hny, kf ns prf`nonktn he
esdbke`dðk on uk @ureofr eo Hdtnj. @fktrerdf snksu nh onspe`af
punon fpter, pere nln`tfs on he rnprnsnkte`dðk cuod`deh, pfr fld`der e
he Onlnksfrêe Wnbdfkeh onh ]unghf pere qun onsdbkn uk egfbeof,
qudnk ongnrå `fjpern`nr e he snon cuod`deh pere rn`dgdr kftdld`e`dðk
pnrsfkeh on he prfvdonk`de, e qudnk sn hn `frrnrå tresheof on he
onjekoe y sus eknxfs pfr nh tärjdkf on odnz (5=) oêes pere qun, `fk
he ongdoe onlnkse tä`kd`e, ncnrze nh onrn`af on onlnkse on he pnrsfke
nk `fkod`dðk on ods`epe`doeo egsfhute
 

•   ¶@uåhns sfk hfs tnr`nrfs qun ongnk vdk`uhersn onktrf onh

prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs6
Wste3 Eukqun he hny kf hfs jnk`dfke odrn`tejnktn, sn ongnk vdk`uher

eontfofs hfs lejdhderns

berektdzer `nr`ekfsesê(adcf,
sus onrn`afs, `fjf peorns, anrjekfs)
tejgdäk sn ongnnstf nk eres
vdk`uher e
`uehqudnr tnr`nrf `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf, pfr ncnjphf, sd he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo tdnkn uk `udoeofr, sn ongnrêe vdk`uher eh prf`nsf e nstn
nk `ehdoeo on tnstdjfkdf.
•   ¶`uåh snrêe he pnrsfke qun sn onjekoe nk prf`nsf vnrgeh
sujerdf `uekof, qudnk dksteure nh prf`nsf on esdbke`dðk on
epfyfs ns uk tnr`nrf odstdktf on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo6

Wste3 Nh onjekoeof sdnjprn snrå he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo, nstf,

tnkdnkof nk `unkte qun nste pnrsfke sn punon fpfknr e nstn
prf`nsf, nk nh jfjnktf qun he pnrsfke sn fpfkn, nh prf`nsf ongnrêe
tnrjdkersn pfr `ern`nr onh prnsupunstf nxdbdof pere nh prf`nsf.
•   ¶@uåhns nrek hes nx`np`dfkns nk hes qun sn punon hnvekter he
suspnksdðk on hfs prf`nsfs on dktnrod``dðk6
Wste3 `uekof sne kn`nserdf pere berektdzer he prftn``dðk y odslrutn

on hfs onrn`afs
ncnjphf, petrdjfkdehns
sd he pnrsfke on he pnrsfke
`fk ods`epe`doeo `fk ods`epe`doeo,
kf tdnkn pfr
kdkbuke nktreoe
n`fkðjd`e, y kn`nsdte ebdhdzer nh tråjdtn on he pnksdðk on
sfgrnvdvdnktn, nk nstfs nvnktfs nh cunz punon hnvekter he suspnksdðk
y fronker hes jnodoes kfjdkeoes f dkkfjdkeoes kn`nserdes pere
prftnbnr hfs onrn`afs petrdjfkdehns. 
petrdjfkdehns. 
•   Uuä ve e peser `fk nh petrdjfkdf on uke pnrsfke `uekof sulrn
uk e``donktn qun hn djpdon `fjukd`ersn (kd pfr hnkbuecn on

snões)
 

Wste3 Pn ongn esdbker uk epfyf cuod`deh pere qun eojdkdstrn nh

petrdjfkdf on he pnrsfke e`fron e su prfyn`tf on vdoe, nstn prfyn`tf
on vdoe sn ontnrjdkere nk he vehfre`dðk on epfyf.
•

  ¶Pd `fk he hny 544< qunoe egfhdoe tftehjnktn he dktnrod``dðk on

kunstrf fronkejdnktf curêod`f6
Wste3 He dktnrod``dðk `fjf pehegre, qunof egfhdoe onh fronkejdnktf
 curêod`f, pnrf he ldbure `fjf teh, nk he prå`td`e sn snbudrå usekof esê
hns `ejgdnk nh kfjgrn e epfyfs, nstf tnkdnkof nk `unkte su
onldkd`dðk3 He dktnrod``dðk cuod`deh sn nktnkoêe `fjf he hdjdte`dðk f
pärodoe on he `epe`doeo curêod`e on uke pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo
jnkteh. Nstf djphd`ege pere nh dktnrod`tf, kf pfonr tfjer on`dsdfkns

sfgrn esuktfs rnhetdvfs e su vdoe pnrsfkeh y petrdjfkdeh.

Pnbók he kunve hny, tfoes hes pnrsfkes tdnkn `epe`doeo hnbeh sdk
nx`np`dðk, pnrf `uekof su dk`epe`doeo ns egsfhute sn hn esdbkere uk
epfyf qun eh ldkeh hf qun ae`n ns tfjer on`dsdfkns pfr he pnrsfke nk
nse `fkod`dðk.
Hf qun rnehjnktn adzf he hny lun rnstrdkbdr nh nspn`trf on he
Dktnrod``dðk `fk ftrf kfjgrn, nstf ns, hfs epfyfs cuod`dehns pere he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute.
•  ¶@ðjf sn punon hhnber e berektdzer rnehjnktn he vfhukteo on
uke pnrsfke djpnodoe pere `fjukd`ersn f qun `unktn uke
nklnrjnoeo jnkteh snvnre nk he `nhngre`dðk on uk knbf`df
 curêod`f6
Wste3 Ns uke prnbukte juy dktnrnsektn, e jd cud`df ns ehbf qun nk he
prå`td`e snrå juy odlê`dh on hfbrer, `fjf od`n uk od`af `eoe `egnze
ns uk jukof odlnrnktn, ns juy odlê`dh qun uk epfyf berektd`n

rnehjnktn he onkfjdkeoe
anrrejdnkte vfhukteo on ftre pnrsfke.
vehfre`dðk on He hny `fktnjphf
epfyf, pere nhhf nh
nk nste vehfre`dðk, he
 

prflnsdfkeh qun he rnehd`n ongn eafkoer nk nh prfyn`tf on vdoe on he

pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo, nktrnvdster e sus perdnktns `nr`ekfs y
vn`dkfs pere tnknr uke done onh prfyn`tf on vdoe y he vfhukteo on he
pnrsfke, pere qun nh epfyf he hhnvn e `egf.
•   ¶_nkorå nh nsteof he odspfsd`dðk prnsupunsteh y tä`kd`e qun
pnrjdte he etnk`dðk on pnrsfkes `fk `epe`doeons nspn`dehns6
Wste3 Kf, uk kf rftukof y sdk pnkserhf, ns pfr nhhfs qun nh nsteof kf
nsteghn`dð jås berektêes pere vnher pfr hfs ecustns rezfkeghns qun ns
rnehjnktn nh snktdr on he `fkvnk`dðk. Nk @fhfjgde kf nxdstn uke
pfhêtd`e on ods`epe`doeo snrde, qun rnehd`n dkvnrsdðk nk he
dklrenstru`ture onh nsteof, y onjås anrrejdnktes pere pfonr grdkoer

e nste pfghe`dðk uk e``nsf `fjphntf.

•   Hfs pfonrns ftfrbeofs pfr hfs `ureofrns pere prf`nsfs
 cuod`dehns qunoek nk ldrjn f aegrêe qun dkd`der uk prf`nsf on
on
epfyfs pere ftfrber kunvejnktn pnrsfknrêe curêod`e.
Wste3 Hfs prf`nsfs cuod`dehns on dktnrod``dðk qun qunoerfk nk ldrjn
`fk he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he hny 544< onh 7=54, kf snråk
jfodld`eofs, hfs `ureofrns snbudråk e`tuekof `fk tfoes sus
le`uhteons aeste qun nh cunz on fld`df rnvdsn nh prf`nsf pere
ontnrjdker sd rnqudnrnk on he eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh on epfyfs.
hes pnrsfkes gecf jnodoe on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk pforåk
sfhd`dter he rnvdsdðk on su sdtue`dðk curêod`e odrn`tejnktn ektn nh cunz
on lejdhde qun eonhektð nh prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk f dkaegdhdte`dðk
•   ¶Uudäk sn nk`erberå on vdbdher nstfs e`unrofs on epfyf6
Wste3 ]ere hfs e`unrofs on epfyf qun sn lfrjehd`nk ektn kfterde y
`nktrfs on `fk`dhde`dðk kf sn nsteghn`dð vdbdhek`de ehbuke, `fktrerdf
snksu, @uekof he eocuod`e`dðk ns vêe cuod`deh, `eoe eõf nh cunz
 fronkere uke euodnk`de pere nvehuer nh onsnjpnõf on hfs epfyfs

eocuod`eofs cuod`dehjnktn. He pnrsfke f pnrsfkes on epfyf ongnråk

rnehdzer uk gehek`n nk nh `ueh sn nxadgdrå e he pnrsfke tdtuher on hfs
e`tfs ncn`uteofs y eh Cunz, qudnkns nstäk dktnrnseofs nk snr `dteofs
e pertd`dper on he bnstdðk on epfyfs ongnråk dklfrjer eh Cunz e jås
teroer odnz (5=) oêes aågdhns ektns onh `dnrrn onh eõf, e nln`tfs on qun
nh Cunz hns `fjukdqun he ln`ae on he euodnk`de.
•   @fjf ns nh tråjdtn on hes jnodoes `eutnherns nk rnbdstrf. ^kf
pfr qun hfs fld`dfs qunoek nk nh cuzbeof y ofs pere he
dks`rdp`dðk.
Wste3 Nh cuzbeof ongnrå nkvder he jnodoe e he nktdoeo pere qun he
rnbdstrn, he punon nkvder e he nktdoeo vêe `frrnf nhn`trðkd`f pere

ebdhdzer nh tråjdtn.
•   ¶Uuä pese sd uke pnrsfke on`don onsdstdr on hfs epfyfs qun
jnk`dfke nste hny, qunoerêek sdk vehdonz hfs e`tfs curêod`fs qun
nstfs aebek6
Wste3 Kf, hfs e`tfs tnkoråk phnke vehdonz, he pnrsfke ongnrå sfhd`dter
he tnrjdke`dðk onh epfyf, y hfs trejdtns ektnrdfrns rnehdzeofs `fk
nstn epfyf kf pnronråk nln`tfs.
•

  ¶Hes pnrsfkes dhntreoes y ekehlegntes ongnk snr on`hereoes

`fjf dk`epe`ns6
Wste3 Kf, nstes pnrsfkes punonk lfrjehdzer uk e`unrof on epfyf
qun hn eyuoere e `fjprnkonr hfs odlnrnktns e`tfs curêod`fs qun
rnehd`nk.
•   Hf qun ektns nre uke rnjf`dðk on bueroeofr9 ¶afy `ðjf sn
trejdte e nln`tfs on hfbrer he rnjf`dðk y uk kunvf
kfjgrejdnktf on epfyf6
 

Wste3 Nh tråjdtn ns sdjdher eh on rnjf`dðk on bueroeofr, nk nstn

nvnktf sn ongn sfhd`dter he tnrjdke`dðk on he eocuod`e`dðk on epfyfs
ektn nh jdsjf cunz qun onsdbkf nh epfyf y nk `uehqudnr jfjnktf,
pforåk sfhd`dter he jfodld`e`dðk f tnrjdke`dðk on hfs epfyfs
eocuod`eofs3
e. He pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f9
g. He pnrsfke odstdkte qun aeye prfjfvdof nh prf`nsf on
eocuod`e`dðk cuod`deh y qun onjunstrn dktnräs hnbêtdjf pforå
sfhd`dter9
`. He pnrsfke onsdbkeoe `fjf epfyf, `uekof jnodn custe `euse9
o. Nh cunz on fld`df.
•  Nk nh `esf on qun uke pnrsfke dktnrod`te `fk ektnrdfrdoeo pfr
snktnk`de cuod`deh su `ureofr(e) prdk`dpeh lehhnz`e y nste sne he
tdtuher on uke pnksdðk on vncnz, ¶`ðjf sn trejdte f qun tråjdtn
sn rnqudnrn pere e``nonr e he pnksdðk on sfgrnvdvdnktns6 ye qun
nh lfkof on pnksdðk ve e sfhd`dter nh kunvf "od`tejnk" f
"`ureofr" y nstn tråjdtn "kf ns pfsdghn"...
Wste3 Nk nstn `esf sn hn ongn sfhd`dter eh cunz on lejdhde qun on`herf
he dktnrod``dðk, qun onsdbkn uk epfyf cuod`deh, sn ongnrå eonhekter nh
tråjdtn on epfyf cuod`deh treksdtfrdf fld`derå e he Fld`dke on Wnbdstrf
onh Nsteof `dvdh pere qun ekuhn he snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk f
dkaegdhdte`dðk onh rnbdstrf `dvdh `frrnspfkodnktn.
•  Pn pertn nk od`ae hny, onh supunstf on qun nh epfyf njnrbn on
he vfhukteo on he pertn qun hf kn`nsdte, pere teh ldk, ongn
nxprnser su vfhukteo ektn kfterdf f `fk`dhdeofr. Kf fgstektn,
ukf sn prnbukte ¶`ðjf ns nsf on he jekdlnste`dðk on vfhukteo
on uke pnrsfke pfr ncnjphf nsqudzflräkd`e, f `fk rnterofs
 jnktehns snrdfs6

Wste3 Pd he pnrsfke `fk nsqudzflrnkde f rnterofs jnktehns snrdfs

tdnkn jfjnktfs on hu`donz qun nk hfs qun punon jekdlnster su
vfhukteo, nsfs dkstektns on hu`donz sfk hfs jfjnktfs prfpd`dfs pere
nxprnser su vfhukteo ektn uk kfterdf, pnrf sd su ods`epe`doeo
`fbkdtdve ns teh qun kf punon nxprnser su vfhukteo, ongnrå rnehdzersn
nh prf`nsf on eocuod`e`dðk pfr vêe on uk prf`nsf sujerdf y ongnrå
snr eonhekteof pfr tnr`nre pnrsfke `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf.
•  Nk hfs prf`nsfs treksdtfrdf on epfyf, eh trejdtersn `fjf uk
prf`nsf vnrgeh sujerdf (Ert. >?), ongn aegnr onjekoektn y
onjekoeofs f ns uk prf`nsf sdk onjekoeofs teh `fjf hfs on
 curdsod``dðk vfhukterde, ¶pnrf sn trejdte `fjf uk vnrgeh
sujerdf6
Wste3 Nh onjekoektn ns nh tnr`nrf `fk dktnräs hnbêtdjf y nh
onjekoeof s he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute.
•  Pn punon nktrer nk hdtdbdf `fk he hny 544< rnspn`tf eh `ureofr
ektns onsdbkeof nk uke snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk (`fk pnrsfke
ods`epe`doeo egsfhute), pere eafre onsdbker e ftrf `ureofr*
(eocuod`eofr on epfyf)
Wste3 sd, pnrf pere nhhf sn ongn onjfstrer qun sn ongn rntdrer nh
`ureofr onsdbkeof pere prftnbnr nh petrdjfkdf on he pnrsfke nk
dktnrod``dðk, nstf ns pfrqun sn punoe onjfstrer qun nh `ureofr nstå
jehvnrsekof nh petrdjfkdf on he pnrsfke `fk dk`epe`doeo on`hereoe
dktnrod`te.
•  Pnbók he hny 544< on 7=54 hes bfgnrke`dfkns y eh`ehoêes `uekof
vek e djphnjnkter he vehfre`dðk on epfyfs, pere qun nstes kf
tnkbek qun snr esujdoes pfr he pnrsfke qun prnsnkte od`ae
onjekoe.
 

Wste3 He vehfre`dðk on epfyf hns `frrnspfkon e nktdoeons póghd`es

`fjf pnrsfknrêe f onlnksfrêe on lejdhde, snbók hf nsteghn`dof nk he
hny 544< onh 7=54 hfs prftf`fhfs y rnbhejnkte`dðk ongnk nster
nxpnodofs e jås teroer nh 7< on lngrnrf onh 7=75.
•  ¶Uuä ve e peser `fk hes pnksdfkns y nh rn`fkf`djdnktf qun sn
hns ae`êe e hfs dktnrod`tfs6 ¶@fjf punon uke pnrsfke qun nre
`ugdnrte pfr nse hny `fgrer he pnksdðk6 ¶Uunoe nste pnrsfke
onsprftnbdoe6
Wste3 \e e snbudr luk`dfkekof `fjf vnkêe, eh jnkfs aeste qun nh cunz
on fld`df rnvdsn nh prf`nsf on dktnrod``dðk,
d ktnrod``dðk, hf `ueh su`nonrå ektns on
hfs 0< jnsns sdbudnktns on nxpnodoe he hny, hunbf on nse rnvdsdðk nh

 cunz ongn nsteghn`nr sd esdbke epfyfs cuod`dehns

cuo d`dehns f sd kf hfs kn`nsdte,
kn `nsdte,
sd sn on`don esdbker epfyfs, nstn `ujphdr he jdsje luk`dðk onh
bueroeofr.
•  ¶Hfs dktnrnseofs f vdk`uheofs e nsn tdpf on prf`nsfs `fjf sn
kftdld`ek6 Hf ektnrdfr ye qun nk nh eutf eojdsfrdf sðhf fronkek
kftdld`er eh onjekoeof, ns on`dr e he pnrsfke qun rnqudnrn nh
epfyf.
Wste3 onpnkon he lfrje `fjf sn vdk`uhn, hf qun sn rn`fjdnkoe ns
qun vdk`uhn `fjf tnstdbf, nk nsn nvnktf sn hn evdsere nh oêe on he
euodnk`de pere qun `fjpernz`e, `uekof nxdste odspute sn hn punon
vdk`uher `fjf onjekoeof nk nstn vnktf sn ongnrå kftdld`er
`fklfrjn hf nsteghn`dof nk nh @B] y nh on`rntf 1=</7=7=, sd nstå
vdk`uheof `fjf onjekoektn pfr fgvdes rezfkns kf sn ongn
kftdld`er.
•  Nh `ejgdf on pereodbje rnspn`tf e he `epe`doeo, ¶lfjnkte he
onsdbuehoeo sf`deh n dkstruyn e he Pf`dnoeo e uk egekofkf on
hfs ektns, dk`epe`ns6
 

Wste3 He hny nsteghn`dð suld`dnktns anrrejdnktes pere prftnbnr e nste

`fjukdoeo, e`unrofs on epfyf, odrn`tdve ektd`dpeoe, eocuod`e`dðk
on epfyfs, sd he pnrsfke kf `unkte `fk ehbudnk on `fkldekze, punon
e`uodr e he curdsod``dðk y sn hn snrå esdbkeof uk onlnksfr on lejdhde.
Nk jd `fk`nptf nk hf qun he hny sn qunoð `frte lun
l un nk he anrrejdnkte
qun on an`af ongdð snr he prdk`dpeh, hfs ecustns rezfkeghns, ongn
nxdstdr jås fghdbetfrdnoeo pere hes nktdoeons póghd`fs f prdveoes
pere rnehdzer tfofs hfs ecustns rezfkeghns kn`nserdfs.
•  ¶Uuä su`non `fk hfs on`hereofs dktnrod`tfs `fk ektnrdfrdoeo e
he hny6
Wste3 Pnbudråk `fk nse `fkod`dðk eh jnkfs aeste nh 7< on ebfstf onh

7=77, tdnjpf hêjdtn pere qun hfs cun`ns rnvdsnk on fld`df hes
snktnk`des on dktnrod``dðk y on`doek sd he pnrsfke kn`nsdte uk epfyf
 cuod`deh f kn`nsdte on nhhfs.
•  ¶@fjf sn `hesdld`ek hfs kdvnhns on ods`epe`doeo, sus
`ere`tnrêstd`es y hfs peråjntrfs hnbehns e ephd`er6
Wste3 Pnbók nh of`ujnktf gfrreofr qun tdnkn nh bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh
he ods`epe`doeo ongn snr gecf hes sdbudnktns `etnbfrêes3
•

  Lêsd`e
•  \dsueh
•  Euodtdve
•  Pfrof`nbunre
•  Dktnhn`tueh ‐
Dktnhn`tueh ‐ @fbkdtdve
 @fbkdtdve
•  Jnkteh ‐
Jnkteh  ‐ ]sd`fsf`deh
 ]sd`fsf`deh
•  Jóhtdphn
Hes `ere`tnrêstd`es y peråjntrfs snråk rnbhejnkteofs pfr nh
bfgdnrkf ke`dfkeh, e he ln`ae kf sn ae nxpnodof on jeknre fld`deh
 od`afs hdknejdnktfs.

•   ¶He dktnrod``dðk sn hnvekte dkjnodetejnktn `fk he nktreoe nk

vdbnk`de on he hny6 F sn ongn dkd`der ehbók prf`nodjdnktf.
Wste3 Kf, `uekof nxdste snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk, he jdsje snbudrå

dk`ðhujn aeste nh 7< on ebfstf onh 7=75, tdnjpf jåxdjf pere qun
nh cunz rnvdsn he snktnk`de on`doe sd esdbke epfyfs f kf. Kf fgstektn,
he pnrsfke tdtuher onh e`tf curêod`f, nh bueroeofr f uk tnr`nrf `fk
dktnräs hnbêtdjf punon sfhd`dter rnvdser he snktnk`de pere esdbker uk
epfyf cuod`deh `uekof punoe nster nk rdnsbf nh petrdjfkdf on he
pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo, nstf ns, qun lehhnz`e nh bueroeofr, qun nh
bueroeofr nstn oekof uk jeh jekncf eh petrdjfkdf f kf nstn
nktrnbekof `unktes nktrn ftrfs.

•
  Nk quä `esfs `fk`rntfs hes nktdoeons on pnksdfkns nxdbdråk
lehhfs sfgrn he `epe`doeo on hes pnrsfkes on`hereoes dktnrod`tes
ektns on he jnk`dfkeoe hny.
Wste3
•   he onjekoe ongn hhnker hfs rnqudsdtfs on uke onjekoe
frodkerde. pnrf `fjf qunoerêe rnspn`tf on nkuk`der
onjekoektn y onjekoeof

Wste3
@B] y@frrn`tf,
nh on`rntfongn
1=<`ujphdr `fknhhfsonjekoektn
onh 7=7=, rnqudsdtfs `fktnjpheof
ns nh tnr`nrfnk`fk
nh
dktnräs hnbêtdjf, punonk snr tfofs hfs lejdhderns f sfhf nh lejdhder qun
onsne snr onsdbkeof `fjf epfyf cuod`deh, y nh onjekoeof ns he
pnrsfke `fk dk`epe`doeo egsfhute, n dk`husf hfs onjås lejdhderns
`nr`ekf `uekof nxdste ods`rnpek`de nk nhnbdr nh epfyf cuod`deh.
•   ¶Uuä pese `fk hfs prf`nsfs qun qunoerfk suspnkodofs `fk
f`esdðk e he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on nse hny6
Wste3 Pnbudråk suspnkodofs aeste nh 7< on ebfstf onh 7=75, onson
 nse ln`ae sn rntfjerå nh prf`nodjdnktf gecf he kunve hny, nste

suspnksdðk punon snr hnvekteoe `uekof sn ongn berektdzer hfs

onrn`afs e he pnrsfke `fk dk`epe`doeo. Nk nstn nvnktf sn hn sfhd`dtere
eh cunz qun tfjn hes jnodoes kfjdkeoes f dkkfjdkeoes e hes qun
aeye huber.
•  ¶Ephd`ek jnodoes `eutnherns pere prf`nsfs on epfyf cuod`deh
treksdtfrdfs6
Wste3 sd, `uekof nxdstn uk rdnsbf onjesdeof dkjdknktn qun sne uk
rdnsbf pere hfs onrn`afs on he pnrsfke `fk ods`epe`doeo egsfhute, sn
hn punon pnodr eh cunz qun fronkn esdbkn e he pnrsfke `fjf epfyf
 cuod`deh nk he eojdsdðk on he onjekoe pere nsn tråjdtn nk `fk`rntf.
Ncnjphf, uk `esf on pnksdðk on sfgrnvdvdnktn, ofkon nxdstek pebf
e`ujuheofs, pfrqun he pnrsfke kf punon `fgrer, y nste ns su ókd`e
lunktn on dkbrnsfs, nk he onjekoe sn punon sfhd`dter `fjf jnodoe
`eutnher eh cunz qun eutfrd`n e he pnrsfke pere qun `fgrn hes jnseoes
jdnktres nk nh prf`nsf sn on`don sd sn esdbke `fjf epfyf, nh cunz
punon fronker eh gek`f qun hn nktrnbun hes jnseoes jnksuehns e
nse pnrsfke, y ye nk hn snktnk`de sd hf onsdbke `fjf epfyf fronke
qun sn hn nktrnbunk tejgdäk hes jnseoes e`ujuheoes.
•  ¶@ðjf sn nhegfre nh e`te onh e`unrof on epfyf6
Wste3 nh e`te hf nhegfre nh kfterdf y `fk`dhdeofr y ongn `fktnknr hf
nsteghn`dof nk he hny 544< onh 7=54 y nh on`rntf 5?74 onh 7=7=.
•  Uun su`non `fk uk knbf`df qun rnehd`n nh dktnrod`tf onspuäs
on he nktreoe nk vdbnk`de on he hny.
Wste3 Pd hf ae`n gecf hfs peråjntrfs on he snktnk`de on dktnrod``dðk
tdnkn phnke vehdonz, on hf `fktrerde nh e`tf curêod`f snrå kuhf
rnhetdvejnktn.
•  ¶Pfhf ns pere pnrsfkes dk`epe`ns pfr nklnrjnoeo, f tejgdäk
 sn ephd`e e hfs dk`epe`ns pfr noeo6

Wste3 Kf sfk dk`epe`ns pfr noeo, sfk pnrsfkes jeyfrns on noeo, y

punonk user hfs e`unrofs on epfyf sd esê hf onsnek, sd he pnrsfke on
noeo evekzeoe onsne qun ftre pnrsfke rnehd`n hfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk
su rnprnsnkte`dðk ongnrå nxdstdr uk jekoetf nxprnsf on he pnrsfke
tdtuher pere nln`tuer ukf f verdfs e`tfs curêod`fs nk su kfjgrn y
rnprnsnkte`dðk
•   `fk he kunve hny nh D@GL sdbun ae`dnkof hes onjekoes on
jeknre fld`dfse f punonk hfs cun`ns on jeknre fld`dfse
on`herer jnodoes pere prftn``dðk onh dk`epe`ns6
Wste3 He hny kf jnk`dfke keoe eh rnspn`tf, pnrf nk eres on berektdzer
hfs onrn`afs on uke pnrsfke qun sn nk`unktre nk djpfsdgdhdoeo
egsfhute pere jekdlnster su vfhukteo y prnlnrnk`des, y kf tnkbe uk
lejdhder qun hf esdste, sehvf uk jncfr `rdtnrdf, nk jd fpdkdðk ns
le`tdghn qun nh D@GL on fld`df punoe rnehdzer he onjekoe, y nh epfyf
snrdf onsdbkeof `fjf nk he curdsod``dðk vfhukterde, ns on`dr uk
egfbeof on he onlnksfrêe onh punghf.
•   hfs epfyfs cuod`dehns sn esdbkeråk jnodektn uk prf`nsf on
"curdsod``dðk vfhukterde", pnrf nstf sfhf su`nonrå sd y sfhf
s fhf sê, he
pnrsfke qun rnqudnrn nh epfyf hf on`don, nktfk`ns aeste oðkon
hhnbe nse `epe`doeo on on`dsdðk y sd he jdsje sn prnsterå pere
`rner `fklusdfkns f lreuons nk brekons odjnksdfkns6, puns
tejgdäk sn rnqunrdrêe on uk brek nqudpf on prflnsdfkehns pere
ontnrjdker teh sdtue`dðk.
Wste3 Nk nln`tf, nk nsn snktdof nk jd `fk`nptf he hny sn nstå
qunoekof `frte, punstf onsdbke e uk sfhf prflnsdfkeh pere rnehdzer
he vehfre`dðk on epfyf qun ns he anrrejdnkte
anrr ejdnkte nk`erbeoe on vnrdld`er
qun kf nxdste kdkbók tdpf on lreuon
lr euon f `fe``dðk, he hny ongdð `rner uk
nqudpf dktnrods`dphdkerdf pere rnehdzer nse vehfre`dðk on epfyf
 

jêkdjf on 0 prflnsdfkehns `fklfrjeof pfr uk tregeceofr sf`deh, uk

psd`ðhfbf y uk egfbeof u ftrf prflnsdfkeh.
•   @uekof aeye uk e`unrof on vfhukteons nktrn uke pertn sdk

kdkbuke ods`epe`doeo lêsd`e f jnkteh `fk ftre qun, sd peon`n on

uke ods`epe`doeo, ¶Nh nhnjnktf dktudtf pnrsfken sn vnrå
eln`teof nk he `nhngre`dðk on od`af `fktretf6
Wste3 Nh snktdr on he hny ns prn`dsejnktn hf `fktrerdf, hf qun gus`e ns
jektnknr dk`ðhujn nh nhnjnktf dktudtf pnrsfken, ns pfr nhhf pfr hf
qun he hny hns odf `epe`doeo curêod`e e tfoes hes pnrsfkes dk`huynkof
hfs qun tdnkn uke ods`epe`doeo, he anrrejdnkte prnodhn`te pere
jektnknr nh nhnjnktf nk jnk`dðk, sfk hfs e`unrofs on epfyf, oeof
qun qudnk ldrjere nh `fktretf ns prn`dsejnktn he pnrsfke `fk uke
ods`epe`doeo, nh epfyf sfhf nste pere `fjukd`er hfs nln`tfs on nsn
`fktretf. Eafre,
Eafre, ongdof e qun he jdsje hny nk su ertê`uhf ?1 pnrjdtdð
qun nh epfyf ldrjn nk rnprnsnkte`dðk on he pnrsfke `fk
ods`epe`doeo, nktfk`ns nk nsn nvnktf y sfhf nk nsn, sn punon on`dr
qun nh nhnjnktf dktudtf pnrsfken sn punon vnr eln`teof.

Q - GDGHDFBWELÊE

Kfrjes
- Hny 544< onh 7=54
- On`rntf 5?74 onh 7=7=
- `fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo
o ds`epe`doeo
_nxtfs
- egn`ä on he hny 544< on 7=54 "pfr jnodf on he `ueh sn nsteghn`n nh

räbdjnk perejeyfrns
ods`epe`doeo nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo
on noeo" hnbeh on hes pnrsfkes `fk
- Jdk custd`de
 

- @ejgdf on pereodbje Hny 544< on 7=54 @frtn Puprnje on Custd`de

Pehe `ese`dðk `dvdh
- @epe`doeo hnbeh on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo ‐
ods`epe`doeo ‐ Jdkdstnrdf
 Jdkdstnrdf on

 custd`de
- @ertdhhe on ods`epe`doeo jfonhfs on `fk`nptuehdze`dðk on he
ods`epe`doeo ‐
ods`epe`doeo  ‐ Jdkdstnrdf
 Jdkdstnrdf on custd`de.
- nh ncnr`d`df on he `epe`doeo curêod`e3 buêe prå`td`e pere su ephd`e`dðk
- Esofwk @fhfjgde, Kfof @fjukdterdf on Pehuo Jnkteh, ]EDDP
- @epe`doeo curêod`e y onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo nk
nh jer`f onh onrn`af kfterdeh ‐
kfterdeh ‐ Jdkdstnrdf
 Jdkdstnrdf on Custd`de.

- Nh jfonhf sf`deh on ods`epe`doeo3 frêbnkns, `ere`tnrdze`dðk y

phesje`dðk nk he @fkvnk`dðk Dktnrke`dfkeh sfgrn hfs Onrn`afs on
hes ]nrsfkes `fk Ods`epe`doeo - Ebustdke ]ehe`dfs
- Adstfrde on hes onld`dnk`des - Ektfkdf Hnðk Ebueof Odez.
- `fkvnk`dðk sfgrn hfs onrn`afs on hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo9
Buêe on lfrje`dðk ‐
lfrje`dðk ‐ Ke`dfkns
 Ke`dfkns ^kdoes.
- Buêe on etnk`dðk e hes pnrsfkes `fk ods`epe`doeo nk nh e``nsf e he

 custd`de ‐ Jdk
 custd`de ‐ Jdk custd`de
Pnktnk`des
- E@7>0-7=7=
- E@74=-7=7=
- E@475-7=7=
- E@54?5-7=7=

- E@71=0-7=7=
 - E@74>2-7=54

- P_@7=2=-7=7=
- P_@7=24-7=7=
- P_@027=-7=7=
- P_@011<-7=7=
- P_@?<0>-7=7=
- P_@?4>4-7=7=
- P_@<<<4-7=7=
- P_@5<514-7=54
- P_@5<047-7=54
- P_H?=1=-7=7=
- @-=?<E-54
- @-517-5<
- @-740-5=
- _-51>-51
- _-??2-54
- _->=4-5<
- _->7>--54