Limiti notevoli

1
sen lim (1 + ) =
lim =1 sen ~
0
1
1cos 1 2 lim (1 + ) =
lim = 1 cos ~ 2 0
0 2 2

lim
1cos
=0 lim (1 + ) =
0

tg
lim =1 tg ~
0
ln(1+x)
sen1 lim
=1 ln(1 + ) ~
lim =1 arcsen ~ 0
0
log (1+) 1
tan1 lim
= ln log (1 + ) ~ ln
lim =1 arctg ~ 0
0

sh
lim =1 sh ~
0 ex 1
lim =1 ex 1 ~
0
ch 1 1 2
lim 2
=2 ch 1 ~ 2
0 ax 1
lim = ln ax 1 ~ ln
0
tgh
lim =1 tgh ~
0

(1+) 1
lim = (1 + ) 1 ~


lim =0 > 1
+

lim =0 , > 1
lim = 1 > 0

log
lim =0 > 0 , > 0 e 1
lim = 1
+

lim log = 0 > 0 , > 0 e 1

lim = 1
0+

lim =0 > 1


! lim ( arctan ) = 0
lim = + > 1 + 2



! lim ( arctan ) = 1
lim =0 + 2

1
lim (1 + ) =

Sostituzioni notevoli
( ) =

= ln

=

(, + ) + =

=

= 1

( , ) = tg 2 N.B. (2 + 1)

1 2 2 2
cos = 1+ 2 sen = 1+ 2 = 1+ 2

(2+1)
( , , ) = tg N.B. 2

1 2
cos2 = 1+ 2 sen2 = 1+ 2 sin cos = 1+ 2 = 1+ 2

(, + + ) con > 2 + + = + o in simil modo

2 + + =

(, + + ) con < 2 + + = ( 1 )( 2 ) con 1 < 2

1
2
=
1

= 1

= +1 (( + 1) ln 1)/( + 1)2 +

cos sinn1 1
= + sinn2 dx

sin cosn1 1
= + cosn2 dx

2 3

= 2 1
+
( + ) 2( 1)( + 1) 2 2 (1 + 2 )1