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1 ......................................................................... 3
2 ........................................................ 3
3 ........................................................................................ 5
4 ...................................................... 8
4.1 .......................................................................................................... 8
4.2 - ....................................................................................... 12
4.3 ...................................................................................... 13
4.4 ........................................................................................................... 14
4.5 .......................................................................................................... 15
5 ................................................. 16
6 ......................................................... 16
7 .................................................. 16
7.1 ...................................................... 16
7.2 ........................................................................... 16
8 ....................................................................................... 18
8.1 ............................................................................. 18
8.2 ...................... 18
8.3 ....................................................... 20
8.4 ........................................................................................................ 21
9 .......................................................... 22
9.1 ............................................................. 22
9.2 .................................................................................. 34
9.3 ................................................................ 39
9.4 .................................................................................... 39
10
............................................................. 41
11 ......................................................... 43
11.1 ...................................................................................... 44
11.2 ....................................................................................... 44
11.3 ....................................................... 45
11.4 ................................................ 45
11.5 .................................................................................. 46
11.6 ........................................................... 49
12 ............................................................................... 52
13 .......................................................................... 52
14 ............................................................. 53
15
........................................................................................ 53
16 .............................................................. 56
. ....................................................... 57
. ......................... 59

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20

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9. 1. 4

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9. 1. 5

9. 2. 5

9. 1. 6

9. 2. 2

22

9. 1. 7

9. 2. 6

50

9. 1. 8

9. 2. 7

9. 1. 9

9. 2. 6

9. 1. 10

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26

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27

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28

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30

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...................

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S = L sin2 S = L cos2 z,

(19)

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31

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32

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11.5.2

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11.2.3
( 11.4.2).
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11.3.1 :
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1
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(60) VI VIII
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;

, :

=
ctg z ;
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2
= 0,5 [( + ) + ( + ) ] ,
= 15" ;
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;
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0,1
;
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15 ;

46


m (")

m =

2
n

(23)

2
()
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1
:
90 ( I)
1 ;
(Z)
Z = 0,5 ( + 360 ),

(24)


;

65 ( IV) 115 (
II);

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kn

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" " - " . ..
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55

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57

2,5"

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61

62

63

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