K Abit Unarebi Geo 2013

gamocdebis erovnuli centri
rogor movemzadoT erTiani

erovnuli gamocdebisTvis
zogadi unarebi
damxmare masalaTa krebuli

(eleqtronuli versia)
s a r C e v i
Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
zogadi unarebis testi ....................................................................................................................... 4
verbaluri nawili ................................................................................................................................... 9
analogiebi ..................................................................................................................................................... 9
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi ............................................................................................................ 9
davalebebi damoukidebeli samuSaosaTvis ..................................................................... 20
winadadebis Sevseba .................................................................................................................................. 22
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi ............................................................................................................ 22
logika .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi ............................................................................................................. 33
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba ............................................................................................................. 48
maTematikuri nawili ............................................................................................................................... 65
raodenobrivi Sedareba ......................................................................................................................... 65
amocanebi ......................................................................................................................................................... 71
monacemTa sakmarisoba............................................................................................................................... 82
monacemTa analizi ................................................................................................................................... 85
ZiriTadi cnebebi da sakiTxebi ........................................................................................................ 88
maTematikuri cnobari ........................................................................................................................... 91
rekomendaciebi testirebis procesTan dakavSirebiT ..................................................... 96
2012 wlis sagamocdo testebi ..................................................................................................... 101
I varianti ........................................................................................................................................... 101
II varianti .......................................................................................................................................... 134
III varianti .......................................................................................................................................... 167
IV varianti .......................................................................................................................................... 200
pasuxebis furclis nimuSi ................................................................................................................ 233
2012 wlis sagamocdo testebis pasuxebi ................................................................................. 235
damoukidebeli samuSaosTvis gankuTvnil davalebaTa pasuxebi ............................. 236
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Sesavali
2005 wlidan saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi abiturientTa

SesarCevad tardeba erTiani erovnuli gamocdebi. sagnobriv testebTan
erTad misaReb gamocdebze gamoiyeneba zogadi unarebis testi.
2004 wlidan gamocdebis erovnuli centri aqveynebs damxmare masalaTa
krebulebs, romelTa saSualebiT abiturientebi ecnobian zogadi unarebis
testis daniSnulebas, struqturas, testirebis proceduras.
2013 wlis krebulis eleqtronul versiaSi mocemulia 2012 wlis
sagamocdo testebis oTxive varianti; detaluradaa aRwerili sxvadasxva
wels gamoyenebuli zogierTi davalebis amoxsnis xerxi.
zogadi rekomendaciebi, romlebic erTvis testis yovel nawils (bloks),
daexmareba abiturientebs testirebisTvis mzadebis procesSi, xolo
damoukidebeli samuSaosTvis gankuTvnil davalebaTa Sesruleba maT
sakuTari Zalebis mosinjvis saSualebas miscems.
gamocdebis erovnuli centris veb-gverdze SegiZliaT agreTve ixiloT
videomasala zogadi unarebis testis, testuri davalebebis Sesrulebis
principebis Sesaxeb.
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zogadi unarebis testi
testis zogadi daxasiaTeba
ras niSnavs zogadi unarebi
termini zogadi unarebi gulisxmobs informaciis adekvaturad damuSavebis,

logikuri msjelobis, movlenaTa Soris arsebiTi mimarTebebis wvdomis unarebs.
esaa cxovrebiseul moTxovnebze saTanadod reagirebisa da garemosTan adamianis
adaptirebis safuZveli. nebismieri inteleqtualuri saqmianobis warmateba maTzea
damokidebuli. zogadi unarebi gansxvavdeba specifikuri unarebisgan, romlebic
Tavs iCens ama Tu im konkretul sferoSi – mag., maTematikaSi, musikaSi da a.S.
zogadi unarebi vlindeba universaluri inteleqtualuri operaciebis
(analizis, sinTezis, ganzogadebis, abstrahirebis da a.S.) saxiT da adamians
TandaTanobiT uviTardeba. am unarebs ayalibebs mecadineoba, kiTxva, mecnierebasa
da kulturasTan ziareba, adamianebTan urTierToba. ase rom, abiturienti wlebis
ganmavlobaSi emzadeba am gamocdisTvis saSualo skolaSi swavlisa da sxvadasxva
sferoSi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis miRebis procesSi.
ra aris zogadi unarebis testi da ras amowmebs is
zogadi unarebis testi mecnieruli sizustiT adgens da afasebs sxvadasxva

saxiT warmodgenili informaciis aRqmisa da gaazrebis unarebs, romlebic
aucilebelia umaRles saswavlebelSi codnis SesaZenad. swored amitom is
abiturientTa SerCevis erT-erTi efeqturi saSualebaa.
mravalma gamokvlevam daadastura, rom abiturientebi, romlebic maRal
Sefasebas iReben zogadi unarebis testSi, ufro warmatebiT swavloben, vidre
isini, romlebic qulaTa mcire raodenobas agroveben. zogadi unarebis testireba
umaRles saswavleblebSi abiturientebis SesaZlo warmatebaTa prognozirebis
saSualebas warmoadgens. im qveynebis gamocdilebam, sadac amgvari testebis
safuZvelze xdeba studentTa SerCeva, daarwmuna mkvlevrebi, rom testirebis
Sedegebs maRali prognozuli SesaZleblobebi aqvs ara mxolod saswavlo, aramed
_ profesiuli warmatebebis TvalsazrisiTac.
zogadi unarebis testi exmareba abiturientsac Tavad gansazRvros, Tu
ramdenad momzadebulia is umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad.
zogadi unarebis testirebis standartuli procedura da Sefasebis erTiani
sistema gulisxmobs yvela abiturientisTvis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmnas, rac
praqtikulad gamoricxavs Sedegebis gayalbebas an damaxinjebas. gamocdis sxva
formebTan SedarebiT, testireba bevrad ufro obieqturia da masze naklebad
zemoqmedebs sxvadasxva subieqturi faqtori (magaliTad, gamomcdelis
mikerZoebuli damokidebuleba). amasTanave, testireba drois SedarebiT mokle
monakveTSi mravali abiturientis erTdroulad gamocdis efeqturi saSualebaa.
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rogor iqmneba zogadi unarebis testi
zogadi unarebis tests qmnis specialistTa jgufi, romelSic muSaoben

fsiqologebi, filologebi, maTematikosebi da logikosebi. testi SemuSavebulia
saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
testze muSaoba etapobrivad mimdinareobs: Tavdapirvelad iqmneba testis
calkeuli davalebebi. yoveli davaleba winaswar mravalmxriv mowmdeba. sasinji
testirebis meSveobiT dgindeba maTi sirTulis xarisxi da ganisazRvreba is
statistikuri maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad kargad xerxdeba
ama Tu im davalebiT abiturientTa obieqturi diferencireba maTi
SesaZleblobebis mixedviT.
testis saboloo variantisTvis davalebebi SeirCeva statistikuri
Semowmebisa da eqspertuli Sefasebis safuZvelze. testi moicavs Sinaarsobrivad
da sirTulis TvalsazrisiT gansxvavebuli davalebebis mTel speqtrs.
testis struqtura
mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegad dadgenilia zogadi unarebis gamovlenis

ramdenime sfero, romelTa Soris ZiriTadia verbaluri (enobrivi) da
maTematikuri sferoebi. zogadi unarebis sakvlevad Seqmnili testi swored
verbaluri da maTematikuri (raodenobrivi azrovnebis) unarebis adekvaturad
Sefasebas isaxavs miznad.
testi aerTianebs sxvadasxva tipis davalebebs, romelTa Sesruleba ar
moiTxovs gansakuTrebul, specialur-sagnobriv codnas. maTi daZleva nebismier
socialur-kulturul garemoSi mcxovrebi abiturientisTvisaa SesaZlebeli.
testSi warmodgenilia 80 davaleba: 40 verbaluri, 40 ki _ maTematikuri.
zogadi unarebis testis yovel davalebas axlavs oTxi an xuTi savaraudo
pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori.
verbaluri nawili
testis verbaluri nawilis meSveobiT mowmdeba akademiuri codnis SesaZenad

aucilebeli enobrivi unarebi, kerZod, sxvadasxva Sinaarsis teqstis gagebisa da
gaazrebis, agreTve logikurad, Tanmimdevrulad azrovnebis unari.
am nawilSi Semdegi tipis davalebebia:
• analogiebi;
• winadadebis Sevseba;
• logika;
• wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba.
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analogiebi (10 _ 12 davaleba)
am tipis davalebaTa meSveobiT mowmdeba:
• sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa codna / maTi wvdomis unari;
• sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebiTi kavSirebis, mimarTebebis wvdomis
unari;
• msgavs mimarTebaTa gamovlenis unari.
winadadebis Sevseba (8 _ 9 davaleba)

• sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis mniSvnelobaTa codna / maTi wvdomis unari;
• winadadebis nawilebs Soris azrobrivi Sesabamisobis damyarebis unari.
logika (8 _ 9 davaleba)
• arsebuli monacemebis (wanamZRvrebis) safuZvelze daskvnis sworad gamotanis
unari;
• arsebuli monacemebis safuZvelze gamoTqmuli varaudis kritikulad
Sefasebis unari.
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba (ori teqsti da maTTan dakavSirebuli 12 _ 14

SekiTxva)
testis am nawilis meSveobiT mowmdeba, Tu ramdenad adekvaturad gaigo da
gaiazra abiturientma teqsti.
teqstis wakiTxvisa da gaazrebis Semdeg abiturientma pasuxi unda gasces:

• SekiTxvebs, romlebic moiTxovs sityvaTa mniSvnelobis gansazRvras
konteqstis Sesabamisad;
• SekiTxvebs, romelTa meSveobiTac SeiZleba Sefasdes teqstSi mocemuli
informaciis gagebisa da gaazrebis unari;
• SekiTxvebs, romlebic afasebs informaciis analizisa da sinTezis unars.
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maTematikuri nawili
maTematikuri nawilis meSveobiT mowmdeba raodenobrivi xasiaTis

promlebebis gadaWris, ricxvebiTa da maTematikuri cnebebiT operirebis, agreTve
cxrilis, grafikis, diagramis saxiT warmodgenili informaciis analizis unari.
am nawilSi Semdegi tipis davalebebia:
• raodenobrivi Sedareba (10 _ 11 davaleba)

• amocanebi (18 _ 21 davaleba)
• monacemTa sakmarisoba (4 _ 5 davaleba)
• monacemTa analizi (5 _ 6 davaleba)
abiturients unda SeeZlos:

• martivi gamoTvlebis Catareba;
• martivi algebruli gamosaxulebebis da maTi gardaqmnebis gamoyeneba;
• martivi geometriuli cnebebiT operireba;
• logikurad msjeloba;
• cxrilis, grafikis, diagramis saxiT warmodgenil monacemTa aRqma da
gaanalizeba.
xSirad moswavleebi saSualo skolaSi swavlis dros sxvadasxva mizezis

gamo ver axerxeben sakuTari SesaZleblobebis srulad gamovlenas. zogadi
unarebis Semowmeba aseT moswavleebs damatebiT SesaZleblobas sTavazobs umaRles
saswavleblebSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad.
abiturientebi, romlebmac ver SeZles TavianTi codnis, inteleqtualuri
potenciis srulad gamomJRavneba sxva gamocdebze, zogadi unarebis testirebis
wyalobiT damatebiT qulebs daagroveben.
amgvarad, zogadi unarebis testireba ar aris axali dabrkoleba
abiturientisaTvis, piriqiT, esaa misi SesaZleblobebis ukeT gamovlenis kidev
erTi saSualeba.
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rogor movemzadoT zogadi unarebis testirebisTvis
testirebisTvis momzadebis ZiriTadi etapebi Tqven ukve gavlili gaqvT

saSualo skolaSi swavlisa Tu, zogadad, sxvadasxva sferoSi cxovrebiseuli
gamocdilebis miRebis procesSi. xanmokle varjiSi im verbaluri da maTematikuri
unarebis gasaviTareblad, romlebsac mocemuli testi amowmebs, naklebad
efeqturia; testirebisTvis momzadebis saukeTeso saSualebas sistematuri
saswavlo-SemecnebiTi aqtivoba warmoadgens.
gTavazobT ramdenime rekomendacias:
• yuradRebiT waikiTxeT krebuli

misi saSualebiT gaecnobiT zogadi unarebis testirebis proceduras, Tavad
testis struqturas, davalebaTa tipebsa da nimuSebs. amiT Tavs aaridebT
usiamovno `siurprizebs~ testirebisas da gamocdas warmatebiT CaabarebT.
• gaecaniT davalebaTa instruqciebs

testis yoveli nawili iwyeba instruqciiT, anu miTiTebiT imis Taobaze,
Tu ra mogeTxovebaT am tipis davalebis Sesrulebisas. yuradRebiT
waikiTxeT da kargad gaiazreT instruqciebi. maTi codna dagexmarebaT,
dazogoT dro testirebisas.
• gaecaniT davalebaTa nimuSebs da maTi Sesrulebis principebs

krebulSi mocemulia zogadi unarebis testur davalebaTa yvela tipis
nimuSi Sesabamisi ganmartebebiTurT. scadeT, jer damoukideblad
SeasruloT davalebebi, Semdeg ki gaecaniT maTi Sesrulebis principebs.
rac ufro ukeT gaiazrebT davalebaTa struqturasa da maTi Sesrulebis
etapebs, miT ufro martivad daZlevT msgavs davalebebs testirebis
procesSi.
• damoukideblad SeasruleT davalebebi

krebulSi mocemulia 2012 wlis sagamocdo testebis oTxive varianti.
scadeT, testuri davalebebi iseTive pirobebSi amoxsnaT, rogoric
testirebisas aris mosalodneli: akontroleT dro, romelic dagWirdebaT
verbalursa Tu maTematikur nawilze samuSaod; nu daxarjavT ama Tu im
davalebis Sesasruleblad saSualod or wuTze mets. yuradRebiT gaecaniT
pasuxebis furcels, raTa gamocdis procesSi gagiadvildeT masze pasuxebis
moniSvna.
yovelive es saSualebas mogcemT, srulad gamoavlinoT Tqveni

SesaZleblobebi gamocdaze.
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verbaluri nawili
analogiebi
analogiebis blokis davalebaTa meSveobiT mowmdeba Tqveni unari:
• gansazRvroT mimarTeba sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris;
• ipovoT erTgvarovani mimarTebebi.
sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis urTierTmimarTebis gansazRvrisas unda daadginoT
arsebiTi kavSiri am mniSvnelobebs Soris.
mag., televizori : ekrani _ arsebiTi kavSiri am ori sityvis mniSvnelobebs
Soris SeiZleba ganisazRvros, rogorc mTelisa da nawilis mimarTeba.
bneli : naTeli _ bneli da naTeli urTierTsapirispiro movlenebia.
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi
analogiebis blokSi SegxvdebaT ori tipis davalebebi Sesabamisi
instruqciebiT:
I.
am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia muqi SriftiT gamokveTili ori sityva (sawyisi
wyvili), romelTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli mimarTeba. daadgineT, ra
saxisaa es mimarTeba.
savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi aseve mocemulia mniSvnelobiT
urTierTdakavSirebuli sityvebis wyvili. airCieT maTgan is wyvili, romelSic
sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi arsebuli mimarTebis
msgavsia (analogiuria). pasuxis arCevisas gaiTvaliswineT wyvilebSi sityvaTa
Tanmimdevroba.
1. werili : wers
(a) tivi : tivtivebs
(b) nergi : rgavs
(g) sarwyavi : rwyavs
(d) xnuli : xnavs
sawyis wyvilSi _ werili : wers _ Sedegisa da am Sedegis gamomwvevi
moqmedebis mimarTebaa – `werili weris Sedegia~.
advili SesamCnevia, rom sawyis wyvilSic da pasuxis yvela variantSic
dawyvilebul sityvebs erTi da igive Ziri aqvT. sawyis wyvils pasuxis yvela
varianti am niSniT emsgavseba. magram es msgavseba zedapiruli xasiaTisaa. Cven
sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba gvainteresebs.
mimarTeba, romelic sawyis wyvilSi dadgenili mimarTebis msgavsia, gvxvdeba
pasuxis mxolod (d) variantSi – xnuli : xnavs – `xnuli xvnis Sedegia~.
sxva wyvilebSi amgvari mimarTeba ar gvaqvs:
(a) tivi : tivtivebs
mocemul sityvebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba Camoyalibdes, rogorc mimarTeba
obieqtsa da misTvis damaxasiaTebel moqmedebas Soris – `tivi tivtivebs da ase
moZraobs wylis zedapirze~. tivi, TavisTavad cxadia, ar aris tivtivis Sedegi.
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(b) nergi : rgavs
kavSiri mocemul sityvebs Soris ganisazRvreba, rogorc moqmedebasa da am
moqmedebis obieqts Soris kavSiri _ `nergi is norCi mcenarea, romelsac rgaven~,
da ara dargvis Sedegi (aseTia nargavi).
(g) sarwyavi : rwyavs
mocemul sityvaTa urTierTmimarTeba SeiZleba amgvarad CamovayaliboT:
moqmedebisa da am moqmedebisaTvis saWiro iaraRis/saSualebis mimarTeba –
àdamiani rwyavs sarwyavis (specialuri WurWlis) saSualebiT~. Sesabamisad,
sarwyavi araa morwyvis Sedegi.
amrigad, sworia (d) pasuxi.
2. Tevzi : layuCi
(a) roiali : klaviSi
(b) xe : wiwvi
(g) gza : asfalti
(d) tansacmeli : Rili
sawyisi wyvilis sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris kavSiri SeiZleba gamovxatoT
winadadebiT: `layuCi yvela Tevzis aucilebeli funqciuri nawilia~.
analogiuri mimarTebis Camoyalibeba SeiZleba pasuxis (a) variantSi:
roiali : klaviSi _ `klaviSi yvela roialis aucilebeli funqciuri nawilia~.
pasuxis sxva variantebSi warmodgenil wyvilebSi gansxvavebuli mimarTebebia:
(b) xe : wiwvi
wiwvi wiwvovani xeebis specifikuri nawilia, magram ara yvela xe-mcenarisa.
(g) gza : asfalti
asfalti gzis safaria, anu, garkveuli azriT, misi nawilicaa. magram
asfalti ar aris gzis aucilebeli funqciuri nawili, arsebobs sxvadasxva saxis
gza, maT Soris _ asfaltis gareSec (mag.: Saragza, qvafenili).
(d) tansacmeli : Rili
Rili tansacmlis funqciuri daniSnulebis mqone nawilia. magram yvelanairi
tansacmeli rodi saWiroebs Rils, es ukanaskneli ar aris nebismieri tansacmlis
aucilebeli nawili/atributi.
amrigad, sworia (a) pasuxi.
3. gzis abneva : kompasi

(a) Sejibri : jildo
(b) avadmyofoba : medikamenti
(g) ganZi : samalavi
(d) siCqare : spidometri
sawyis wyvilSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba gamovxatoT
winadadebiT: `kompasi exmareba adamians, romelsac gza aebna, daaRwios Tavi am
usiamovno viTarebas~.
analogiuri mimarTeba arsebobs pasuxis (b) variantSi:
avadmyofoba : medikamenti _ `medikamenti exmareba adamians, daaRwios Tavi
avadmyofobas~.
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amrigad, dawyvilebul sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis is urTierTkavSiri, romelic
orsave zemoaRniSnul variantSia warmodgenili, ganzogadebuli saxiT SeiZleba
CamovayaliboT, rogorc mimarTeba garkveul arasasurvel viTarebasa da misi
gamosworebis saSualebas Soris.
amgvari mimarTeba sityvaTa arc erT sxva wyvilSi ar gvxvdeba.
(a) Sejibri : jildo
Sejibri ar aris arasasurveli viTareba, romelic adamianma unda
gamoasworos jildos saSualebiT. jildoTi aRiniSneba SejibrSi gamarjvebulis
warmateba.
(g) ganZi : samalavi
samalavi ganZisagan Tavis daRwevis saSualeba ki araa, aramed adgilia, sadac
SesaZlebelia inaxebodes ganZi.
(d) siCqare : spidometri
spidometri xelsawyoa, romelic gvawvdis informacias moZraobis siCqaris
Sesaxeb. is uSualod siCqaris gazomvis saSualebaa, da ara misgan Tavis daRwevisa.
am wyvilSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis urTierTmimarTeba SeiZleba CamovayaliboT,
rogorc mimarTeba garkveul sidides da mis sazom xelsawyos Soris.
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (b) varianti.
4. yvavili : Tafli
(a) qaRaldi : rveuli
(b) sabado : foladi
(g) fqvili : comi
(d) wvima : gube
sawyis wyvilSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba gamovxatoT
winadadebiT: `Tafli miiReba yvavilidan mopovebuli wvenis/neqtaris gadamuSavebiT~.
msgavsi mimarTeba arsebobs (b) variantSi – sabado : foladi _ `foladi
miiReba sabadodan mopovebuli rkinis madnis gadamuSavebiT~. amrigad, sityvaTa
orive wyvilSi gvaqvs mimarTeba raime masalis bunebriv wyarosa da am masalis
gadamuSavebiT miRebul meorad an saboloo produqts Soris.
sxva variantebSi amgvari mimarTeba ar gvxvdeba.
(a) qaRaldi : rveuli
qaRaldi aris masala rveulisTvis. rveuli mzaddeba uSualod qaRaldisgan.
am wyvilSi sityvaTa mimarTeba SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc mimarTeba masalas
da misi damuSavebiT miRebul saboloo produqts Soris.
(g) fqvili : comi
fqvili comis ZiriTadi ingredientia da ara _ misi bunebrivi wyaro.
qaRaldis msgavsad, is ukve gadamuSavebuli masalaa, romlisganac uSualod
mzaddeba produqti _ comi.
(d) wvima : gube
gube SeiZleba gaCndes CaRrmavebul adgilas wvimis wylis CadgomiT. gube
wvimis uSualo Sedegia da ara misi gadamuSavebiT miRebuli meoradi produqti.
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (b) varianti.
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5. kinoekrani : kinokamera
(a) TefSi : gazqura
(b) vitrina : maRazia
(g) sarke : gamosaxuleba
(d) isari : ciferblati
sawyis wyvilSi sityvebis mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba
gamovxatoT Semdegi winadadebiT: `kinoekrani aris kinokameriT damzadebuli
produqciis momxmareblisTvis miwodebis saSualeba~. kinokameris meSveobiT
mzaddeba is produqcia (mxatvruli, dokumenturi filmi da a.S.), romelsac
sabolood kinoekranze vixilavT.
msgavsi mimarTeba gvxvdeba sityvaTa wyvilSi TefSi : gazqura. gazquraze
mzaddeba is produqcia, romelsac saboloo saxiT TefSze vixilavT. pasuxis arc
erT sxva variantSi amgvari mimarTeba ar gvxvdeba.
(b) vitrina : maRazia
vitrina aris momxmareblisTvis maRaziaSi
arsebuli saqonlis Sesaxeb
informaciis miwodebis saSualeba. rogorc viciT, maRaziaSi produqcia ki ar
mzaddeba, aramed mxolod iyideba.
(g) sarke : gamosaxuleba
sarkeSi vxedavT mis win myofi obieqtis gamosaxulebas. am wyvilSi sityvaTa
mniSvnelobebis urTierTmimarTeba SeiZleba CamovayaliboT, rogorc mimarTeba
mowyobilobasa da mis mier `Seqmnil produqts~ Soris.
(d) isari : ciferblati
isari da ciferblati erTi mTelis (saaTis) ori nawilia, romlebsac saerTo
amocana aqvT – isini erTad gviCveneben dros.
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (a) varianti.
6. puris yana : jejili

(a) rto : fesvi
(b) buCqi : ekali
(g) nayofi : nergi
(d) foToli : kvirti
sawyisi wyvilis sityvebis mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba
CamovayaliboT, rogorc mimarTeba obieqtis saboloo formas (puris yana) da misi
ganviTarebis adreul stadias (jejili) Soris. jejili aris pureulis aRmonaceni,
romelic gadaiqceva puris yanad.
analogiuri mimarTeba gvxvdeba pasuxis (d) variantSi – foToli : kvirti.
kvirti foTlis ganviTarebis adreuli stadiaa.
pasuxis sxva variantebSi warmodgenil wyvilebSi gansxvavebuli mimarTebebi
gvxvdeba.
(a) rto : fesvi
fesvi da rto erTi mTelis (xis, buCqis) ori arsebiTi nawilia, anu am
SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs mTelis ori Semadgeneli nawilis urTierTmimarTeba.
(b) buCqi : ekali
ekali buCqis garkveuli saxeobebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. am wyvilSi mTelis
da misi SesaZlo nawilis mimarTebaa.
12
(g) nayofi : nergi
nergi norCi mcenarea, romlis ganviTarebuli formis Semadgenel nawils
warmoadgens nayofi. am SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs mimarTeba mTelis sawyis stadiasa da
misi ganviTarebuli formis nawils Soris.
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (d) varianti.
7. farmacevti : avadmyofi
(a) reJisori : msaxiobi
(b) monadire : zoologi
(g) mwvrTneli : mocigurave
(d) kompozitori : msmeneli
farmacevti amzadebs samkurnalo saSualebebs, wamlebs. mis mier Seqmnili
produqti gankuTvnilia avadmyofisTvis. sawyisi wyvilis sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs
Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba winadadebis saxiT ase CamovayaliboT: avadmyofi aris
farmacevtis mier Seqmnili produqciis momxmarebeli.
(a) reJisori : msaxiobi
reJisori xelmZRvanelobs msaxiobebs speqtaklis dadgmisas, filmis
gadaRebisas. reJisori xelmZRvanelia, msaxiobi _ Semsrulebeli. maTi erToblivi
SemoqmedebiTi produqti gankuTvnilia mayureblisTvis.
(b) monadire : zoologi
monadirisa da zoologis saqmianoba cxovelTa samyaros ukavSirdeba, Tumca
maT sxvadasxva mizani aqvT: monadire moipovebs, moinadirebs cxovels, frinvels,
zoologi ki Seiswavlis cxovelTa samyaros.
(g) mwvrTneli : mocigurave
mwvrTneli aswavlis cigurebiT srials, xvews mociguravis saSemsruleblo
xelovnebas, profesiul Cvevebs.
(d) kompozitori : msmeneli
kompozitori aris xelovani, romlis Semoqmedebac gankuTvnilia
msmenelTaTvis. am sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris kavSiri SeiZleba CamovayaliboT,
rogorc mimarTeba Semoqmedsa da misi produqciis momxmarebels Soris. ase rom,
sworia pasuxis (d) varianti.
8. jungli : taiga
(a) naturmorti : portreti
(b) speqtakli : scenari
(g) musika : simfonia
(d) teqsti : sqolio
jungli da taiga tyis saxeobebia: jungli gauvali tropikuli tyea, taiga ki
_ dedamiwis CrdiloeT nawilSi arsebuli, ZiriTadad wiwvovani tye; zogadad
rom vTqvaT, sawyis sityvaTa wyvilSi mocemulia mimarTeba erTi gvaris or saxes
Soris.
aseTive mimarTebaa warmodgenili pasuxis (a) variantSi: naturmorti :
portreti. naturmorti da portreti ferweris Janrebia (saxeebia) _ naturmorti
13
aris naxati, romelzec gamosaxulia usulo sagnebi: xili, yvavilebi da sxva,
xolo portreti adamianis an adamianTa jgufis ferweruli (an skulpturuli an
fotografiuli) gamosaxulebaa.
arc erTi sxva wyvilis wevrTa mniSvnelobebi ar ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs
amgvari mimarTebiT.
(b) speqtakli : scenari
speqtakli aris Teatraluri warmodgena, scenari ki kinofilmis an Teatraluri
warmodgenis literaturuli safuZveli, siuJeturi sqema, gegma, romlis mixedviT
idgmeba speqtakli an kinosuraTi. amrigad, sityvaTa am wyvilSi warmodgenilia
mimarTeba siuJetur sqemasa da mis erT-erT SesaZlo ganxorcielebas Soris.
(g) musika : simfonia
am wyvilSi warmodgenilia mimarTeba zogadsa da kerZos (gvarsa da saxes)
Soris, radgan simfonia musikis, kerZod, saorkestro musikis erT-erTi saxea
(Janria).
(d) teqsti : sqolio
teqsti aris risame werilobiT Camoyalibebuli Sinaarsi, sqolio ki aris mis
garkveul elementTan (sityvasTan, frazasTan) dakavSirebuli SeniSvna, ganmarteba,
damatebiTi teqsti, romelic moTavsebulia ZiriTadi teqstis an gverdis bolos.
zogadad, es aris mTelisa da misi specifikuri nawilis mimarTeba.
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (a) varianti.
9. brtyeli : reliefuri
(a) lakoniuri : sxarti
(b) harmoniuli : SeTanxmebuli
(g) absurduli : kanonzomieri
(d) adaptirebuli : Seguebuli
Tuki davalebis sawyis wyvils davakvirdebiT, vnaxavT, rom aq
urTierTsapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebia mocemuli: brtyeli
sworzedapirians niSnavs, xolo reliefuri _ amoweuls, amoburculs (reliefi _
amoburculi gamosaxuleba sibrtyeze).
pasuxis (a) variantSi sinonimebia mocemuli, lakoniuri, iseve rogorc
sxarti, mokled da mkafiod gamoTqmuls niSnavs; sityvas sxarti aqvs sxva
mniSvnelobac _ swrafi, moxerxebuli, magram arc es mniSvneloba upirispirdeba
lakoniurs.
pasuxis (b) variantSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris zogadisa da kerZos
mimarTebaa _ harmoniuli Sexmatkbilebuls, mwyobrad Sexamebuls, SeTanxmebuls,
niSnavs, Tumca yvelafers, rasac SeiZleba SeTanxmebuli vuwodoT, harmoniuls
ver davarqmevT (magaliTad, SeTanxmebuli sakiTxi, SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba).
pasuxis (g) variantSi mocemuli sityvebi urTierTsapirispiro
mniSvnelobisaa: absurduli Seusabamos, azrs moklebuls niSnavs. Sesabamisad, is
gamoricxavs yovelgvar kanonzomierebas, yovelive kanonzomiers (garkveuli kanonis
Sesabamiss). rogorc vxedavT, (g) pasuxSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba
sawyis wyvilSi Cven mier dadgenili mimarTebis analogiuria. e. i. davalebis
swori pasuxia (g).
14
imaSi dasarwmuneblad, rom (g) erTaderTi swori pasuxia, ganvixiloT
pasuxis (d) variantic. adaptirebuli garemo pirobebTan Seguebuls niSnavs.
Sesabamisad, am wyvilSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTebas SeiZleba
sinonimuri vuwodoT.
amgvarad, davalebas aqvs erTaderTi swori pasuxi _ (g).
10. lambaqi : langari

(a) lifti : eskalatori
(b) ruka : atlasi
(g) gvirabi : borani
(d) kedeli : tixari
ganvixiloT sawyis wyvilSi mocemul sityvaTa mniSvnelobebi. lambaqi Wiqis
an finjnis dasadgmeli patara TefSia, xolo langari _ didi (mrgvali an
ovaluri) TefSi, romelzec WurWels dgamen. mas sufraze kerZis misatanadac
iyeneben; lambaqi da langari WurWlis gansxvavebuli saxeobebia, Tumca maT msgavsi
funqcia aqvT.
pasuxis (a) variantSi mocemul sityvaTa Sorisac analogiuri mimarTebaa:
lifti aris mowyobiloba adamianTa asayvan-Camosayvanad an tvirTis
gadasaadgileblad, xolo eskalatori _ moZravi kibe adamianTa gadasaadgileblad;
lifti da eskalatori sxvadasxva saxis mowyobilobebia, Tumca maTac msgavsi
funqcia aqvT. Sesabamisad, (a) aris swori pasuxi.
ganvixiloT pasuxis danarCeni variantebic, raTa davrwmundeT, rom sawyis
wyvilSi arsebuli mimarTebis msgavsi mimarTeba sxva pasuxebSi ar gvxvdeba.
(b) ruka : atlasi
ruka dedamiwis zedapiris Semcirebuli gamosaxulebaa, romelic naxazis saxiTaa
warmodgenili, xolo atlasi geografiuli rukebis krebulia;
(g) gvirabi : borani
gvirabica da boranic erTgvari winaaRmdegobis (erT SemTxvevaSi mTis, meore
SemTxvevaSi _ wylis) gadalaxvis saSualebaa, Tumca maT erTi funqcia ar aqvT,
radgan borani TviTon aris satransporto saSualeba, romelsac mdinarisa Tu
srutis erTi napiridan meoreze gadasasvlelad iyeneben, xolo gvirabi miwisqveSa
nagebobaa, romelSic gayvanilia gza, gadis transporti, wyali da a.S.;
(d) kedeli : tixari
kedeli Senobis Sveulad aRmarTuli brtyeli nawili, aseve sxvadasxva
daniSnulebis myari da maRali zRudea; tixari kedlis erT-erTi saxea, kerZod,
esaa Txeli kedeli, romelic erTmaneTisgan mijnavs (gamoyofs) sivrcis sxvadasxva
nawils.
15
II.
wyvili), romelTa mniSvnelobebs Soris arsebobs garkveuli mimarTeba. maT gaswvriv
mocemulia sityva, romelsac savaraudo pasuxebidan unda SevusabamoT erT-erTi
varianti ise, rom sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi
arsebuli mimarTebis msgavsi (analogiuri) iyos.
1. mTa : simaRle hava :

(a) klimati
(b) bunebrivi pirobebi
(g) tenianoba
(d) geografiuli mdebareoba
sityvaTa sawyis wyvilSi _ mTa : simaRle _ obieqtisa da misi ZiriTadi

Tvisebis mimarTebaa. simaRle mTis arsebiTi maxasiaTebelia.
ganvsazRvroT sawyisi wyvilis gaswvriv mocemuli sityvis mniSvnelobis
mimarTeba pasuxis TiToeul variantTan.
hava : klimati
hava aris ama Tu im adgilisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli meteorologiuri
pirobebis erToblioba, igive _ klimati (`havis~ berZnuli Sesatyvisi). am
sityvebis mniSvnelobaTa Soris mimarTebas SeiZleba sinonimuri vuwodoT.
hava : bunebrivi pirobebi
bunebrivi pirobebi sxva geografiul Tu atmosferul faqtorebTan erTad
havasac moicavs. am sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba SeiZleba ase
CamovayaliboT: pirobaTa erToblioba da misi erT-erTi Semadgeneli komponenti.
hava : tenianoba
tenianoba (sinotive) havis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia. es mimarTeba
sawyisi wyvilis sityvaTa urTierTmimarTebis analogiuria.
hava : geografiuli mdebareoba
rogorc aRvniSneT, hava geografiuli garemosTvis damaxasiaTebeli
meteorologiuri pirobebis erTobliobaa. Tavis mxriv, geografiuli mdebareoba
gansazRvravs havis ragvarobas. maT Soris arsebuli mimarTeba winadadebis saxiT
SeiZleba amgvarad CamovayaliboT: geografiuli mdebareoba aris havis ZiriTadi
ganmapirobebeli faqtori.
Sesabamisad, sworia (g) pasuxi.
16
2. yuri : melodiuri Tvali :
(a) mkrTali
(b) maxvili
(g) dakvirvebuli
(d) aRqmuli
sawyis wyvilSi sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis urTierTmimarTeba SegviZlia amgvarad
CamovayaliboT: `yuri aris smenis organo, romliTac SevigrZnobT, rom garkveuli
obieqti (magaliTad, simRera) melodiuria~. msgavsi mimarTeba arsebobs sawyisi
wyvilis gaswvriv mocemuli sityvis mniSvnelobasa da pasuxis (a) variantSi
mocemuli sityvis mniSvnelobas Soris – Tvali : mkrTali. Tvali aris mxedvelobis
organo, romliTac SevigrZnobT, rom garkveuli obieqti (magaliTad, sinaTle,
feri...) aris mkrTali.
sxvagvaria mimarTeba sawyisi wyvilis gaswvriv mocemuli sityvis
mniSvnelobasa da pasuxis sxva variantebSi mocemuli sityvebis mniSvnelobebs
Soris: pasuxis (b) variantSi mocemuli sityva _ `maxvili~ _ Tavad Tvalis
maxasiaTebelia. `maxvili~ gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba SemCnevis
gansakuTrebuli unaris mqone Tvalis epiTetad. pasuxis (g) variantSi mocemuli
sityva _ `dakvirvebuli~ _ aris adamianis (da ara Tvalis) Tviseba. am sityviT
vaxasiaTebT adamians, romelic guldasmiT sinjavs, aTvalierebs raimes. sawyisi
wyvilis gaswvriv mocemuli sityvisa da (d) pasuxSi mocemuli sityvis
mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba amgvarad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT: obieqti,
romelsac TvaliT vxedavT, SeiZleba gaxdes aRqmuli, mas Semdeg, rac is adamianis
cnobierebaSi aisaxeba. Tumca, aRqmuli ar aris obieqtis maxasiaTebeli, rogorc,
magaliTad, simRera SeiZleba iyos melodiuri, an sinaTle Tu feri – mkrTali.
amrigad, sworia (a) pasuxi.
3. cvlileba : stabiluri monotonuroba :

(a) mravalferovani
(b) mudmivi
(g) myari
(d) kompleqsuri
davalebis Sesasruleblad Tavdapirvelad davadginoT mimarTeba sawyisi
wyvilis sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris.
cvlileba arRvevs stabilurobas. rodesac obieqti an procesi cvlilebas
ganicdis, is aRar aris stabiluri. es ori sityva SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc
antonimebi.
amis Semdeg ganvsazRvroT sawyisi wyvilis gaswvriv mocemuli sityvis
mniSvnelobis mimarTeba pasuxis TiToeul variantTan. SevarCioT maTgan is
varianti, romlis am sityvasTan SewyvilebiTac miviRebT sawyis wyvilSi arsebuli
mimarTebis msgavs mimarTebas.
(a) monotonuroba : mravalferovani
monotonuroba erTferovnebas niSnavs. am sityvis pirveladi mniSvneloba xmas
ukavSirdeba (mag.: monotonuri saubari), Tumca, monotonuroba ufro farTo
mniSvnelobiTac gamoiyeneba (mag.: monotonuri samuSao). orive SemTxvevaSi
17
monotonuroba gamoricxavs, upirispirdeba mravalferovnebas. maSasadame,
monotonurobasa da mravalferovnebas Soris igive mimarTebaa, rac sityvaTa
sawyis wyvilSi.
(b) monotonuroba : mudmivi
(g) monotonuroba : myari
monotonurobas msgavsi mimarTeba akavSirebs (b) da (g) pasuxebSi mocemul
sityvaTa mniSvnelobebTan. monotonuroba ar upirispirdeba mudmivsa da myars,
piriqiT, garkveuli azriT, erTferovneba raimes mudmivad da myarad SenarCunebas
SeiZleba gulisxmobdes.
(d) monotonuroba : kompleqsuri
miuxedavad imisa, rom kompleqsuroba movlenaTa an TvisebaTa erTobliobas
(garkveul simravles) gulisxmobs, is mainc ar gamoricxavs, ar upirispirdeba
monotonurobas (romelic, Tavis mxriv, ar niSnavs erTmxrivs, martivs, aramed _
erTferovans).
amrigad, swori pasuxia (a).
4. erTdrouli : sinqronuloba mikerZoebuli :

(a) subieqturoba
(b) indiferentuloba
(g) radikaluroba
(d) samarTlianoba
davadginoT sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi.
erTdrouloba da sinqronuloba msgavsi mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebia _ orive
ramdenime movlenisa Tu procesis droSi Tanxvedras aRniSnavs.
ganvixiloT pasuxis TiToeuli varianti:
(a) subieqturoba
subieqturoba da mikerZoebuloba aseve msgavsi mniSvnelobis mqone sityvebia _
orive ama Tu im movlenisadmi araobieqtur damokidebulebas aRniSnavs.
(b) indiferentuloba
indiferentuloba gulgril, ganurCevel damokidebulebas aRniSnavs, rac
mikerZoebulobas gamoricxavs.
(g) radikaluroba
radikaluroba ukiduresi poziciis gamoxatvas, gadamWreli zomebis miRebas
aRniSnavs. is gulisxmobs ama Tu im movlenisadmi garkveul damokidebulebas,
Tumca, ara aucileblad mikerZoebuls.
(d) samarTlianoba
samarTlianoba kanonis, zneobrivi principebis Sesabamisad moqmedebas gulisxmobs,
mikerZoebuloba da samarTlianoba gamoricxavs erTmaneTs.
maSasadame, swori pasuxia (a).
18
zogadi rekomendaciebi analogiebis blokis davalebebisTvis:
• xSirad sityvebs erTze meti mniSvneloba aqvs. Sesabamisad, dawyvilebul
sityvebs Sorisac SeiZleba iyos erTze meti mimarTeba. amitom zogjer
saWiroa ukve dadgenili mimarTebis gadasinjva, raTa ganisazRvros
(gamoikveTos) erTaderTi swori pasuxi;
• SesaZloa, Tqven mier dadgenili mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi sityvaTa
mniSvnelobebs Soris imdenad konkretulia, rom mas ar Seesabameba
savaraudo pasuxis arc erTi varianti. mimarTebis ufro zogadi saxiT
formulireba dagexmarebaT, Tavi gaarTvaT am problemas. SesaZlebelia
Seiqmnas sapirispiro viTarebac, rodesac Tqven mier dadgenil mimarTebas
Seesabameba pasuxis ramdenime varianti. aseT SemTxvevaSi dagexmarebaT
mimarTebis dakonkreteba;
• am tipis davalebebis Sesruleba mxolod da mxolod sityvaTa
mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTebis gansazRvras unda emyarebodes. pasuxis
arCevisas nu ixelmZRvanelebT garegnuli an Tematuri msgavsebiT sityvaTa
sawyis wyvilsa da pasuxis romelime variants Soris;
• sityvebis Tanmimdevroba arCeul pasuxSi unda Seesabamebodes sityvaTa
Tanmimdevrobas sawyis wyvilSi. Tu sawyis wyvilSi sityvebs Soris
mimarTebis dasadgenad SecvliT maT Tanmimdevrobas, maSin unda SecvaloT
sityvaTa Tanmimdevroba pasuxis yovel variantSic, raTa SearCioT swori
pasuxi.
19
davalebebi damoukidebeli samuSaosTvis
1. jadosnuri joxi : natvrisTvali

(a) sarke : mina
(b) mTvare : disko
(g) ruka : masStabi
(d) saqanela : karuseli
2. metyveleba : intonacia
(a) aveji : savarZeli
(b) solo : dueti
(g) xili : aromati
(d) gakveTili : niSani
3. Tavisufleba : okupirebuli
(a) samarTali : marTali
(b) wyali : mwyurvali
(g) wuxili : mwuxare
(d) Zili : mZinara
4. moipova : dasaCuqrda
(a) ganizraxa : moifiqra
(b) daadanaSaula : daibrala
(g) daimaxsovra : daamaxsovrda
(d) CaiZira : daileqa
5. gemTmSenebeli : zRva
(a) geologi : niadagi
(b) konstruqtori : planeri
(g) dizaineri : interieri
(d) Jurnalisti : presa
6. saRebavebs azavebs : naxati

(a) krefs : Taiguli
(b) rwyavs : baRi
(g) xazavs : sqema
(d) afasebs : qula
7. Tvali mohkra : daaTvaliera

(a) Seferxda : Seayovna
(b) aRniSna : Caiwera
(g) Cavarda : Cavida
(d) miemxro : daexmara
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8. meryeoba : gadawyvetilebis miReba
(a) imedi : sasowarkveTa
(b) riski : gabedva
(g) Secdoma : gamoaSkaraveba
(d) siaxle : danergva
9. gasdevs : gaswvriv mimofantavs :

(a) rigrigobiT
(b) wriulad
(g) aqeT-iqiT
(d) cal-calke
10. miamiti : undobloba ulmobeli :

(a) simamace
(b) mzakvroba
(g) mtroba
(d) TanagrZnoba
11. gaicno : dauaxlovda Sebindda :

(a) gaciskrovnda
(b) iriJraJa
(g) mosaRamovda
(d) daRamda
12. TeTri daTvi : pingvini kenWi :

(a) lodi
(b) niJara
(g) riye
(d) Tixa
13. alersiani : pirferi kritikuli :

(a) mkacri
(b) damcinavi
(g) adekvaturi
(d) obieqturi
14. sityva : termini teritoria :

(a) areali
(b) sivrce
(g) garemo
(d) sazRvari
21
winadadebis Sevseba
am blokis davalebaTa meSveobiT mowmdeba Tqveni unari, CawvdeT sityvebisa

da gamoTqmebis mniSvnelobas da sworad gaiazroT logikuri mimarTebebi
winadadebis nawilebs (an ramdenime winadadebas) Soris.
es mimarTebebi mravalferovania. winadadebis erTi nawili SeiZleba
ganmartavdes, akonkretebdes, uaryofdes da a. S. mis sxva nawilSi gamoTqmul
azrs. winadadebis nawilebis (an winadadebebis) urTierTmimarTebis gaazrebisas
sagangebo yuradReba miaqcieT kavSirebs (radgan, Tumca, amitom...) da CarTul
sityvebs (magaliTad, cxadia, maSasadame...), vinaidan maTi mniSvneloba gansazRvravs
winadadebis nawilTa urTierTmimarTebas. amgvari sityvebi SeiZleba SegxvdeT
rogorc TviT winadadebaSi, aseve _ pasuxis variantebSi.
testSi winadadebis Sevsebis blokis davalebebs axlavs amgvari instruqcia:

mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebSic gamotovebulia ramdenime sityva.
gamotovebuli sityvebi winadadebaSi xazebiTaa aRniSnuli. erTi xazi zogjer erT
sityvas gulisxmobs, zogjer ki _ ramdenimes.
savaraudo pasuxTa yoveli varianti Seicavs sityvaTa jgufs, romlis
nawilebi erTmaneTisgan daxrili xazebiTaa (/) gamijnuli. airCieT pasuxis is
varianti, romlis TiToeuli nawilis Tanmimdevrulad Casma Sesabamis
gamotovebul adgilebSi azrobrivad gamarTul winadadebas mogvcems.
1. ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

eqsperimentis monawilisaTvis raime movlenisadmi _____ SesaZlebelia _____ , da
ara am Tanxis _____ .
(a) uaryofiTi ganwyobis Seqmna / misTvis gadaxdili gasamrjelos gaormagebiT /

gazrdiT
(b) dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmna / misTvis gadaxdili gasamrjelos SemcirebiT /
gazrdiT
(g) uaryofiTi ganwyobis Secvla / gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebis ganaxevrebiT /
SemcirebiT
(d) dadebiTi ganwyobis Secvla / gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebis gazrdiT / aSkara
matebiT
(a) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

eqsperimentis monawilisaTvis raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Seqmna
SesaZlebelia misTvis gadaxdili gasamrjelos gaormagebiT, da ara am Tanxis
gazrdiT.
sityva ùcnauria~ migvaniSnebs, rom winadadebaSi saubari unda iyos
uCveulo, daujerebeli faqtis Sesaxeb. Semdeg vigebT, rom fsiqologiuri
eqsperimentis monawilisTvis raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Seqmna
22
SesaZlebelia misi gasamrjelos gaormagebis gziT. es, SesaZloa, marTlac ucnauri
iyos, radgan gasamrjelos gaormageba, Cveulebriv, dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmnis
safuZvelia da ara _ uaryofiTisa. amitom winadadebis es nawili logikuri
Seusabamobis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs. sityvebi `da ara~ gviqmnis imis molodins,
rom maT unda mosdevdes `gaormagebis~ sapirispiro mniSvnelobis zmna. es ki ase
araa. Tanxis `gazrda~ da misi `gaormageba~ urTierTSesatyvisi cnebebia.
maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti swori ar aris.
(b) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

eqsperimentis monawilisaTvis raime movlenisadmi dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmna
SesaZlebelia misTvis gadaxdili gasamrjelos SemcirebiT, da ara am Tanxis
gazrdiT.
sityva ùcnauria~ gviqmnis molodins, rom winadadebaSi dasaxelebuli iqneba
paradoqsuli, gasaocari faqti. Semdeg vigebT, rom fsiqologiuri eqsperimentis
monawilisTvis raime movlenisadmi dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmna SesaZlebelia misi
gasamrjelos SemcirebiT, rac, SesaZloa, marTlac, ucnauri iyos. amitom
winadadebis es nawili logikurad savsebiT gamarTulia. sityvebs `da ara~,
wesisamebr, unda mosdevdes `Semcirebis~ sapirispiro mniSvnelobis zmna. marTlac,
aseTia zmna `gazrda~. amgvarad, winadadebaSi azri mwyobradaa Camoyalibebuli.
maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti sworia.
(g) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

eqsperimentis monawilisaTvis raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Secvla
SesaZlebelia gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebis ganaxevrebiT, da ara am Tanxis
SemcirebiT.
sityva ùcnauria~ mowmobs, rom winadadebaSi aRniSnuli unda iyos
arabunebrivi faqti. Semdeg vigebT, rom fsiqologiuri eqsperimentis
monawilisTvis raime movlenisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyobis Secvla (mag., dadebiTi
ganwyobis Camoyalibeba) SesaZlebelia misi gasamrjelos ganaxevrebiT, rac, albaT,
marTlac, ucnauria. amitom winadadebis es nawili logikurad savsebiT
gamarTulia. sityvebs `da ara~, wesisamebr unda mosdevdes `ganaxevrebis~
sapirispiro mniSvnelobis mqone zmna, es ki ase araa, radgan ganaxevreba
Semcirebas gulisxmobs. maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti swori araa.
(d) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

eqsperimentis monawilisaTvis raime movlenisadmi dadebiTi ganwyobis Secvla
SesaZlebelia gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebis gazrdiT, da ara am Tanxis aSkara
matebiT.
sityva ùcnauria~ miuTiTebs, rom winadadebaSi saubari iqneba uCveulo
faqtis Sesaxeb. Semdeg vigebT, rom fsiqologiuri eqsperimentis monawilisTvis
raime movlenisadmi dadebiTi ganwyobis Secvla (mag., uaryofiTi ganwyobis
Camoyalibeba) SesaZlebelia mis mier gaweuli Sromis anazRaurebis gazrdiT, rac,
albaT, marTlac ucnauria. amitom winadadebis es nawili logikurad savsebiT
gamarTulia. sityvebs `da ara~, wesisamebr, unda mosdevdes `gazrdis~ sapirispiro
mniSvnelobis mqone zmna, es ki ase araa, radgan `gazrda~ da `mateba~ msgavsi
Sinaarsis mqone cnebebia. maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti swori ar aris.
23
2. Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs _____ . mis mier
aRiarebuli formula _ `_____ , rac bunebrivia~ _ _____ sakaro poeziisTvis
SemuSavebuli poetikisa da esTetikuri _____ .
(a) xelovnurobisadmi erTgvari swrafva / cudia is / gulisxmobda / normebis

uaryofas
(b) yovelgvari xelovnurobis uaryofa / kargia is / amkvidrebda / normebisadmi
morCilebas
(g) xelovnurobisadmi erTgvari swrafva / cudia is / upirispirdeboda /
normebis dacvas
(d) yovelgvari xelovnurobis uaryofa / kargia is / mimarTuli iyo / normebis
winaaRmdeg
(a) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs xelovnurobisadmi

erTgvari swrafva. mis mier aRiarebuli formula _ `cudia is, rac bunebrivia~ _
gulisxmobda sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli poetikisa da esTetikuri normebis
uaryofas.
pirvel winadadebaSi aRniSnulia, rom Seqspiris poeziis ZiriTadi
(saxelmZRvanelo) principi xelovnurobisaken swrafva iyo. meore winadadebaSi
zemoT aRniSnuli principi ilustrirebulia formuliT: `cudia is, rac
bunebrivia~. magram am formulis mniSvneloba ganmartebulia, rogorc
imdroindeli sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli normebis, anu `xelovnuris~ da
ara `bunebrivis~ uaryofa. amgvarad, winadadeba Seicavs azrobriv winaaRmdegobas
da pasuxis es varianti arasworia.
(b) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs yovelgvari xelovnurobis

uaryofa. mis mier aRiarebuli formula _ `kargia is, rac bunebrivia~ _
amkvidrebda sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli poetikisa da esTetikuri normebisadmi
morCilebas.
pirvel winadadebaSi Seqspiris sonetebis ZiriTad principad dasaxelebulia
xelovnurobis uaryofa. meore winadadebaSi es principi ilustrirebulia
formuliT _ `kargia is, rac bunebrivia~, magram Semdeg naTqvamia, rom is
sakaro poeziis normebisadmi morCilebas moiTxovda. sakaro poeziisTvis
SemuSavebuli normebi ki xelovnuria, da maT morCilebas SeuZlebelia
moiTxovdes `yovelgvari xelovnurobis uaryofis~ principi. amgvarad, winadadeba
winaaRmdegobas Seicavs da pasuxis es varianti arasworia.
(g) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs xelovnurobisadmi

erTgvari swrafva. mis mier aRiarebuli formula _ `cudia is, rac bunebrivia~
_ upirispirdeboda sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli poetikisa da esTetikuri
normebis dacvas.
pirvel winadadebaSi Seqspiris sonetebis ZiriTad principad dasaxelebulia
xelovnurobisken swrafva. meore winadadebaSi es principi ilustrirebulia
24
formuliT _ `cudia is, rac bunebrivia~, Tumca Semdeg naTqvamia, rom bunebriobis
uaryofa upirispirdeboda imdroindeli sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli normebis
dacvas. magram bunebriobis uaryofa da xelovnurobisken swrafva ar upirispirdeba
xelovnurad SemuSavebuli normebis dacvas. maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti arasworia.
(d) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs yovelgvari xelovnurobis

uaryofa. mis mier aRiarebuli formula _ `kargia is, rac bunebrivia~ _
mimarTuli iyo sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebuli poetikisa da esTetikuri normebis
winaaRmdeg.
pirvel winadadebaSi aRniSnulia, rom Seqspiris poeziis ZiriTadi principi
xelovnurobis uaryofa iyo. meore winadadebaSi es principi ilustrirebulia
formuliT _ `kargia is, rac bunebrivia~, da naTqvamia, rom bunebriobisken
swrafva ewinaaRmdegeboda imdroindeli sakaro poeziisTvis SemuSavebul normebs.
winadadeba azrobrivad gamarTulia, maSasadame, pasuxis es varianti sworia.
3. subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

aRniSnavs imas, vinc raimes akeTebs an Seimecnebs, meore ki imas, rac pirvelis
mier keTdeba an Seimecneba. ase rom, subieqti da obieqti, garkveulwilad, _____
kidec erTmaneTs. _____ es _____ ki iqceva, rogorc, magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis
Semecnebisas, rodesac _____ Semmecnebeli da misi Semecnebis sagani.
(a) upirispirdebian / miuxedavad amisa, / dapirispireba igiveobadac / erTmaneTs
gamoricxaven
(b) Tanxvdebian / swored amitom / Tanxvedra dapirispirebadac / erTmaneTs
gamoricxaven
(g) upirispirdebian / Tumca zogjer / dapirispireba igiveobadac / erTi da igivea
(d) Tanxvdebian / Sesabamisad / Tanxvedra dapirispirebadac / erTi da igivea
pasuxis TiToeuli variantis ganxilvamde aRvniSnoT, rom aq sami winadadebaa

warmodgenili: pirvelSi ganmartebulia subieqtisa da obieqtis cnebebi. kavSiri
àse rom~ migvaniSnebs, rom meore winadadebaSi mocemuli unda iyos pirveli
winadadebidan gamomdinare daskvna.
(a) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

mier keTdeba an Seimecneba. ase rom, subieqti da obieqti, garkveulwilad,
upirispirdebian kidec erTmaneTs. miuxedavad amisa, es dapirispireba igiveobadac
ki iqceva, rogorc, magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas, rodesac erTmaneTs
gamoricxaven Semmecnebeli da misi Semecnebis sagani.
meore winadadebaSi naTqvamia, rom subieqti da obieqti upirispirdebian
kidec erTmaneTs (rac gamomdinareobs maTi gansazRvrebidan). Sesityveba
`miuxedavad amisa~ gulisxmobs, rom mesame winadadebaSi moyvanili unda iyos
sapirispiro Tvalsazrisi. marTlac, am winadadebis mixedviT, sakuTari Tavis
Semecnebisas subieqtisa da obieqtis dapirispireba igiveobad iqceva. magram
aSkaraa, rom mesame winadadeba winaaRmdegobriv msjelobas Seicavs, radgan Tu
sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas subieqtisa da obieqtis dapirispireba igiveobad
iqceva, maSin SeuZlebelia, rom isini gamoricxavdnen erTmaneTs.
25
(b) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli
Tanxvdebian kidec erTmaneTs. swored amitom es Tanxvedra dapirispirebadac ki
iqceva, rogorc, magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas, rodesac erTmaneTs
gamoricxaven Semmecnebeli da misi Semecnebis sagani.
meore winadadebaSi naTqvamia, rom subieqti da obieqti, garkveulwilad,
Tanxvdebian erTmaneTs, es Tvalsazrisi ki uSualod ar gamomdinareobs subieqtisa
da obieqtis urTierTmimarTebis im gansazRvrebidan, romelic pirvel
winadadebaSia mocemuli. makavSirebeli sityvebi `swored amitom~ miuTiTebs, rom
meore winadadebaSi mocemuli unda iyos mesame winadadebaSi dasaxelebuli faqtis
mizezi. meore da mesame winadadebebi Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: vinaidan subieqti da
obieqti Tanxvdebian erTmaneTs, amitom es Tanxvedra dapirispirebad iqceva. es
azrobrivad gaumarTavi gamonaTqvamia. amasTan, sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas
subieqti da misi Sesamecnebeli obieqti erTmaneTs emTxveva, amitom SeuZlebelia,
rom isini gamoricxavdnen erTmaneTs.
(g) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

mier keTdeba an Seimecneba. ase rom, subieqti da obieqti, garkveulwilad
upirispirdebian kidec erTmaneTs. Tumca zogjer es dapirispireba igiveobadac ki
iqceva, rogorc, magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas, rodesac erTi da igivea
Semmecnebeli da misi Semecnebis sagani.
upirispirdebian kidec erTmaneTs (rac gamomdinareobs maTi gansazRvrebidan).
kavSiri `Tumca~ gulisxmobs, rom mesame winadadebaSi moxseniebuli unda iyos
iseTi Tvalsazrisi an faqti, romelic upirispirdeba mTel wina msjelobas. am
winadadebidan vigebT, rom sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas subieqti da obieqti
Tanxvdeba erTmaneTs da maTi dapirispireba igiveobad iqceva. samive winadadeba
azrobrivad Seesabameba erTmaneTs. maSasadame, es pasuxi sworia.
(d) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

Tanxvdebian kidec erTmaneTs. Sesabamisad, es Tanxvedra dapirispirebadac ki iqceva,
rogorc, magaliTad, sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas, rodesac erTi da igivea
Semmecnebeli da misi Semecnebis sagani.
Tanxvdebian erTmaneTs, es Tvalsazrisi ki uSualod ar gamomdinareobs subieqtisa
da obieqtis urTierTmimarTebis im gansazRvrebidan, romelic pirvel
winadadebaSia mocemuli. kavSiri `Sesabamisad~ gulisxmobs, rom mesame winadadeba
azrobrivad unda eTanxmebodes pirvelsa da meore winadadebebs, magram is ara
marto ar Seesabameba pirvels (romelSic araa saubari subieqtisa da obieqtis
Tanxvedris Sesaxeb), aramed TavisTavadac arasworia _ sakuTari Tavis Semecnebisas
subieqti da misi Sesamecnebeli obieqti erTmaneTs emTxveva, amitom SeuZlebelia,
rom maTi Tanxvedra dapirispirebad iqces.
26
4. uiliam terneri xSirad xatavda nislian londons, nawvimar quCebs. oskar
uaildi amtkicebda, rom londonis _____ . am _____ gamosWvivis xelovnebis
qmediTobis idea. _____ , is _____ .
(a) nislma Seqmna terneris ferwera / SefasebaSi / xelovnebis qmediTobas
ganapirobebs samyaros mravalferovneba / ver qmnis samyaros xedvis wess
(b) nisli terneris ferweram Seqmna / paradoqsul mtkicebaSi / xelovnebis
qmediTobas ganapirobebs samyaros mravalferovneba / qmnis Tvals, romelic
aRiqvams silamazes, yurs, romelic swvdeba bgeraTa harmonias
(g) nislma Seqmna terneris ferwera / SefasebaSi / xelovneba ayalibebs samyaros
xedvis wess / srulyofilad ver asaxavs samyaros feradovnebas
(d) nisli terneris ferweram Seqmna / paradoqsul mtkicebaSi / xelovneba
ayalibebs samyaros xedvis wess / qmnis Tvals, romelic aRiqvams silamazes,
yurs, romelic swvdeba bgeraTa harmonias
(a) uiliam terneri xSirad xatavda nislian londons, nawvimar quCebs. oskar
uaildi amtkicebda, rom londonis nislma Seqmna terneris ferwera. am
SefasebaSi gamosWvivis xelovnebis qmediTobis idea. xelovnebis qmediTobas
ganapirobebs samyaros mravalferovneba, is ver qmnis samyaros xedvis wess.
pasuxis am variantSi erTmaneTs azrobrivad upirispirdeba meore da mesame
winadadeba _ Tuki londonis nislma Seqmna terneris ferwera, maSin am SefasebaSi
Cans ara xelovnebis qmediTobis, aramed samyaros, bunebis qmediTobis idea.
pirvel da meore xarvezebSi Casasmeli sityvaTa jgufi (Tu sityva), romelic
pasuxis am variantSia mocemuli da azrobriv dapirispirebas ganapirobebs,
pasuxis (g) variantSic meordeba. maSasadame, (g) pasuxic arasworia.
(b) uiliam terneri xSirad xatavda nislian londons, nawvimar quCebs. oskar
uaildi amtkicebda, rom londonis nisli terneris ferweram Seqmna. am
paradoqsul mtkicebaSi gamosWvivis xelovnebis qmediTobis idea. xelovnebis
qmediTobas ganapirobebs samyaros mravalferovneba, is qmnis Tvals, romelic
aRiqvams silamazes, yurs, romelic swvdeba bgeraTa harmonias.
pasuxis am variantSi erTmaneTs azrobrivad upirispirdeba mesame da meoTxe
winadadeba _ Tuki londonis nisli terneris ferweram Seqmna, anu xazgasmulia
xelovnebis qmediTobis idea, maSin xelovnebis qmediTobis ganmapirobebeli ver
iqneba samyaros mravalferovneba, piriqiT, am paradoqsuli mtkicebis Tanaxmad,
samyaros mravalferovnebas unda qmnides xelovneba.
(d) uiliam terneri xSirad xatavda nislian londons, nawvimar quCebs. oskar uaildi
amtkicebda, rom londonis nisli terneris ferweram Seqmna. am paradoqsul mtkicebaSi
gamosWvivis xelovnebis qmediTobis idea. xelovneba ayalibebs samyaros xedvis wess, is
qmnis Tvals, romelic aRiqvams silamazes, yurs, romelic swvdeba bgeraTa harmonias.
pasuxis am variantSi winadadebebi (Tu winadadebis nawilebi) azrobrivad
eTanxmeba (ar upirispirdeba) erTmaneTs _ mtkicebaSi londonis nisli terneris
ferweram Seqmna (da es marTlac paradoqsuli mtkicebaa), aSkarad Cans xelovnebis
qmediTobis idea. am ideas Seesabameba Semdegi Sefasebac _ xelovneba ayalibebs
samyaros xedvis wess, is qmnis Tvals, romelic aRiqvams silamazes, yurs, romelic
swvdeba bgeraTa harmonias. amrigad, davalebis swori pasuxia (d).
27
5. sityva `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa ararsebobas. _____ , martivi _____
sazogadoebas, romelic _____ sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa; romelic ara
mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili _____ segmentamde, aramed _____ manamde arsebuli
segmentaciisa.
(a) maSasadame / unda davarqvaT yovel / ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv /

erTaderT / arc Seicavs araviTar niSans
(b) miuxedavad amisa / SesaZlebelia vuwodoT / ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv /
erTaderT / arc Seicavs araviTar niSans
(g) miuxedavad amisa / SeuZlebelia davarqvaT yovel / Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv /
ramdenime / Seicavs kidec utyuar niSnebs
(d) maSasadame / unda davarqvaT yovel / Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv / ramdenime /
Seicavs kidec utyuar niSnebs
davalebis pirvel winadadebaSi mocemulia erTgvari ganmarteba sityvisa

`martivi~. meore winadadeba ki am sityvis gamoyenebas Seexeba. ganvixiloT pasuxis
TiToeuli varianti:
(a) sityva `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa ararsebobas. maSasadame, martivi unda

davarqvaT yovel sazogadoebas, romelic ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv
sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa; romelic ara mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili erTaderT
segmentamde, aramed arc Seicavs araviTar niSans manamde arsebuli segmentaciisa.
pasuxis am variantSi meore winadadeba iwyeba makavSirebeli sityviT
`maSasadame~, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom SemdgomSi mocemuli azri unda
Seesabamebodes pirvel winadadebaSi mocemul ganmartebas. marTlac, Tuki martivi
nawilTa ararsebobas gulisxmobs, maSin martivi unda davarqvaT yovel
sazogadoebas, romelic ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv sazogadoebebs, vidre
Tavadaa; romelic amJamad dayvanilia erTaderT segmentamde (segmenti _ nawili)
da manamde arsebuli segmentaciis araviTar niSans ar Seicavs. amrigad, (a) pasuxi
sworia.
(b) sityva `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa ararsebobas. miuxedavad amisa, martivi

SesaZlebelia vuwodoT sazogadoebas, romelic ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv
sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa; romelic ara mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili erTaderT
segmentamde, aramed arc Seicavs araviTar niSans manamde arsebuli segmentaciisa.
pasuxis (b) variantSi winadadebebs Soris azrobriv Seusabamobas qmnis
makavSirebeli sityvebi `miuxedavad amisa~: Tuki `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa
ararsebobas, maSin martivi SesaZlebelia vuwodoT sazogadoebas, romelic ar
Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa da a.S. es winadadebebi
azrobrivad eTanxmeba erTmaneTs. amitom maT dasakavSireblad SesaZlebelia
gamoviyenoT sityvebi àmitom~, `maSasadame~, `Sesabamisad~ da ara `miuxedavad
amisa~.
(g) sityva `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa ararsebobas. miuxedavad amisa, martivi

SeuZlebelia davarqvaT yovel sazogadoebas, romelic Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv
sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa; romelic ara mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili ramdenime
segmentamde, aramed Seicavs kidec utyuar niSnebs manamde arsebuli segmentaciisa.
28
pasuxis am variantSic pirveli winadadeba meores ukavSirdeba sityvebiT
`miuxedavad amisa~, rac imaze migvaniSnebs, rom SemdgomSi mocemuli msjeloba
unda upirispirdebodes sityvis `martivi~ ganmartebas. magram meore winadadebaSi
gadmocemuli azri eTanxmeba am ganmartebas: martivi nawilTa ararsebobas
gulisxmobs, is SeuZlebelia davarqvaT sxva sazogadoebebisa Tu segmentebis
Semcvel sazogadoebas. amitom am ori winadadebis dakavSireba sityvebiT
`miuxedavad amisa~ arasworia.
(d) sityva `martivi~ gulisxmobs nawilTa ararsebobas. maSasadame, martivi unda

davarqvaT yovel sazogadoebas, romelic Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv sazogadoebebs,
vidre Tavadaa; romelic ara mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili ramdenime segmentamde,
aramed Seicavs kidec utyuar niSnebs manamde arsebuli segmentaciisa.
radgan pasuxis am variantSi pirveli winadadeba meores ukavSirdeba sityviT
`maSasadame~, meore winadadebaSi mocemuli msjeloba unda eTanxmebodes sityvis
`martivi~ ganmartebas. martivi SesaZlebelia (an unda) davarqvaT sazogadoebas,
romelic sxva sazogadoebebsa Tu segmentebs ar Seicavs. meore winadadebaSi ki
sapirispiro azria gamoTqmuli _ martivi unda davarqvaT yovel sazogadoebas,
romelic Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv sazogadoebebs, vidre Tavadaa, romelic ara
mxolod amJamadaa dayvanili ramdenime segmentamde, aramed Seicavs kidec utyuar
niSnebs manamde arsebuli segmentaciisa.
zogadi rekomendaciebi winadadebis SevsebisTvis:

• winadadebis Sevsebisas mosinjeT pasuxis yvela varianti da mxolod amis
Semdeg gaakeTeT arCevani;
• gaiTvaliswineT, rom winadadebaSi yoveli xazis nacvlad unda CasvaT
pasuxis ama Tu im variantis calkeuli nawili. es nawili SeiZleba
Seicavdes erT an ramdenime sityvas;
• Tu savaraudo pasuxebidan SearCevT iseT variants, romlis nawilTa
winadadebaSi CasmiT miiReba gamarTuli azri, es varianti swor pasuxad
unda miiCnioT, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu Sevsebuli winadadebis Sinaarsi ar
Seesabameba realobas, an Tqven ar eTanxmebiT mas.
29
1. modilianis ferweraSi _____ SexvdebiT _____ saxis gamometyvelebas. _____ am

portretebis damaxasiaTebeli niSania. _____ , rom portretebis fons umetesad
_____ kari warmoadgens.
(a) xSirad / ìolad wasakiTx~ / gulCaxveuloba / amitom SemTxveviTia / magrad
daketili
(b) xSirad / `rTulad wasakiTx~ / gulRiaoba / Tumca gasakviri araa / farTod
gaRebuli
(g) iSviaTad / `rTulad wasakiTx~ / gulRiaoba / Tumca gasakviria / farTod
gaRebuli
(d) iSviaTad / ìolad wasakiTx~ / gulCaxveuloba / amitom SemTxveviTi ar aris /
magrad daketili
2. Sua saukuneebis droindeli erT-erTi mematiane wers, rom xanZarmodebul

qalaqSi _____ SenobaTa ngrevis _____ . es kidev erTi argumentia im mosazrebis
_____ , rom Sua saukuneebSi grZnobad aRqmaSi smena _____ mxedveloba.
(a) masze yvelaze Zlieri STabeWdileba moaxdina / xmam da ara TviT xanZris
xilvam / sasargeblod / ufro mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda, vidre _
(b) masze yvelaze Zlieri STabeWdileba moaxdina / xilvam da ara ngrevis xmam /
sawinaaRmdegod / ar iyo ise mniSvnelovani, rogorc
(g) masze gacilebiT naklebad imoqmeda / xmam, vidre _ xanZris xilvam /
sawinaaRmdegod / naklebi mniSvnelobisa iyo, vidre _
(d) masze gacilebiT naklebad imoqmeda / xilvam, vidre _ ngrevis xmam /
sasargeblod / ar iyo ise mniSvnelovani, rogorc
3. termini `mibaZva~ xelovnebaSi sxvadasxvagvarad esmodaT. amJamad yoveli

Semoqmedi _____ warmoaCinos _____ . renesansis epoqaSi mwerlobisa da
xelovnebis warmomadgenlebTan _____ SeimCneoda _ isini siamayiT acxadebdnen,
rom _____ antikurobis saukeTeso nimuSebs.
(a) naklebadaa dainteresebuli / sakuTari TviTmyofadoba da uaryos `winaparTa~
gavlena / analogiuri tendencia / ar baZavdnen
(b) gansakuTrebiT dainteresebulia / sakuTari TviTmyofadoba, iseve, rogorc
`winaparTa~ gavlena sakuTar Semoqmedebaze / sapirispiro tendencia / baZavdnen
(g) gansakuTrebiT dainteresebulia / sakuTari TviTmyofadoba da uaryos
`winaparTa~ gavlena / sapirispiro tendencia / baZavdnen
(d) naklebadaa dainteresebuli / sakuTari mimbaZveloba, iseve, rogorc
`winaparTa~ gavlena sakuTar Semoqmedebaze / analogiuri tendencia / baZavdnen
4. roca vsaubrobT _____ , maSin xom _____ , rogorc mis zRvars. amitom roca
es _____ mogvevlineba, maSin mistifikaciad _____ miviCnioT is, rac moxda.
(a) SesaZlebelze / TavisTavad vgulisxmobT SeuZlebelsac / SeuZlebeli / ar unda
(b) SeuZlebelze / yovelTvis gamovricxavT SesaZlebels / SesaZlebeli / ar unda
(g) SesaZlebelze / arasodes gamovricxavT SeuZlebels / SeuZlebeli / unda
(d) SeuZlebelze / yovelTvis vgulisxmobT SesaZlebelsac / SesaZlebeli / unda
30
5. erTi mxriv, warsulidan momavlisken da, meore mxriv, momavlidan warsulisken
mimarTuli mzera _____ dakvirvebis obieqts. Tu mzera warsulidan momavliskenaa
mimarTuli, awmyos _____ erTobliobad aRviqvamT. _____ roca warsulisken
vixedebiT, _____ .
(a) ar cvlis / gansxvavebuli faqtebis / aseve, / Tanabrad mosalodnel
SesaZleblobaTa mTel jaWvs vxedavT
(b) sruliad cvlis / Tanabrad mosalodnel SesaZleblobaTa / magram / realobas
faqtis statusi eniWeba
(g) ar cvlis / Tanabrad mosalodnel SesaZleblobaTa / magram / gansxvavebul
SesaZlo SemTxvevaTa jaWvs vxedavT
(d) sruliad cvlis / gansxvavebuli faqtebis / aseve, / realobas faqtis statusi
eniWeba
6. saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa sistemaSi ZalTa wonasworobis koncefciis

funqciaa _____ SenarCuneba. _____ ZalTa wonasworoba am sistemaSi yovelTvis
_____ ar gulisxmobs. es iqidanac Cans, rom saxelmwifoebi _____ ZalTa
wonasworobis aRsadgenad.
(a) mSvidobis da, Sesabamisad, arsebuli sistemis / Tumca / oms / mSvidobas
icaven
(b) ara mSvidobis, aramed Tavad sistemis / amitom / mSvidobas / oms mimarTaven
xolme
(g) ara saomari mdgomareobis aRkveTa, aramed mSvidobis / amitom / mSvidobas /
oms Tavs arideben
(d) saomari mdgomareobis aRkveTa da, Sesabamisad, mSvidobis / Tumca / oms / oms
mimarTaven xolme
7. Teofrastes azriT, ____ gancxromis survilTan wilnayari Secodeba, ____

simwaresTan wilnayari danaSauli. pirvel SemTxvevaSi Semcode ____ saTamaSod
qceuli, meoreSi ki, piriqiT, Semcode ____ , romelsac swored es usamarTloba
____ .
(a) ufro meti gmobis Rirsia / vidre _ / TviTon iswrafvis usamarTlobisken,
sakuTari vnebebis / usamarTlobis msxverpls ufro hgavs / aRuZravs risxvas
(b) ufro meti gmobis Rirsia / vidre _ / ganicdis usamarTlobas, sxvaTa neba-
survilis / Tavad aris usamarTlobis Camdeni / aqcevs msxverplad
(g) Tanabrad dasagmobia rogorc / aseve / Tavad ganicdis usamarTlobas, sxvaTa
neba-survilis / usamarTlobis msxverpls ufro hgavs / aRuZravs risxvas
(d) Tanabrad dasagmobia rogorc / aseve / TviTon iswrafvis usamarTlobisken,
sakuTari vnebebis / TviTon aris usamarTlobis Camdeni / aqcevs msxverplad
31
logika
logikis blokis davalebebiT mowmdeba arsebuli monacemebis (wanamZRvrebis)

safuZvelze daskvnis* sworad gamotanisa da argumentirebis, agreTve garkveuli
faqtebis asaxsnelad SemoTavazebuli varaudebis Sefasebis unari. davalebebi
mravalgvari formiTaa warmodgenili da moiTxovs sxvadasxva logikuri operaciis
Sesrulebas.
testSi logikis blokis davalebebs axlavs amgvari instruqcia:
am saxis davalebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan winaswari monacemebisa da

gamosatani daskvnebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT
SekiTxvas, romelic axlavs TiToeul davalebas da mocemuli variantebidan
airCieT Sesabamisi pasuxi.
zogierT SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas gagiadvilebT monacemebis gamosaxva
naxazis an diagramis formiT.
logikis blokSi sami tipis davalebebia:

1. davalebebi, romlebic obieqtTa jgufebs (simravleebs), aseve debulebebs
Soris mimarTebebs exeba;
2. davalebebi, romlebSic ZiriTadi aqcenti obieqtebs Soris sivrciT
mimarTebebzea gadatanili;
3. davalebebi, romlebSic garkveuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT ukve
gamotanilia daskvnebi an gamoTqmulia varaudebi, da saWiroa maTi
ganmamtkicebeli Tu uarmyofeli/damrRvevi argumentebis moZieba.
davalebebSi monacemebi warmodgenilia debulebebis (wanamZRvrebis) saxiT.
debulebebSi mocemul obieqtebs garkveuli Tvisebebi miewereba, mag.: yvela
limoni yviTelia. limoni am SemTxvevaSi obieqtia, yviTeli Tvisebaa. Tvisebebi
Zalze mravalferovania, mag.: `maRalia~, ùyvars marwyvi~, `dadis TeatrSi~,
`xmamaRla yefs~ da a.S.
davalebebSi zogjer SegxvdebaT iseTi monacemebi, romlebic ar Seesatyviseba
sinamdviles, araa WeSmariti. mag.: `mxolod Jirafebs aqvT frTebi~, an `yvela
sevdiani adamiani icinis~. magram Tqveni amocanaa, ipovoT is erTaderTi pasuxi,
romelic logikurad gamomdinareobs wanamZRvrebidan, da ara is, romelic
realobas metad Seesatyviseba. amitom davalebis Sesrulebisas nu daeyrdnobiT
sakuTar gamocdilebasa Tu codnas, romelic davalebis pirobaSi mocemul
situacias ukavSirdeba; logikuri msjeloba aageT mxolod davalebis monacemebze
(wanamZRvrebze) dayrdnobiT da Semdeg airCieT pasuxi.
*
krebulSi gamoyenebul cnebebs _ monacemi da daskvna _ mecnierul terminologiaSi Seesabameba
wanamZRvari da danaskvi.
32
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi:
1. mocemulia:
• yvelaferi, rac brwyinavs, oqro ar aris.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel debulebas aqvs igive Sinaarsi, rac mocemuls?
(a) arsebobs iseTi oqro, romelic ar brwyinavs

(b) rac oqro ar aris, ar brwyinavs
(g) zogierTi ram, rac brwyinavs, ar aris oqro
(d) rac brwyinavs, ar aris oqro
mocemul debulebaSi saubaria obieqtTa or jgufze: 1. yvelaferi, rac

brwyinavs da 2. yvelaferi, rac aris oqro. debulebis Tanaxmad, am jgufebs
Soris Semdegi mimarTebaa: pirveli jgufi (mbrwyinavi obieqtebi) moicavs iseT
obieqtebs (erTs mainc), romlebic ar miekuTvneba meore jgufs (oqros obieqtebs),
anu arsebobs erTi mainc obieqti, romelic miekuTvneba pirvel (mbrwyinavi
obieqtebis) jgufs da ar miekuTvneba meore (oqros obieqtebis) jgufs.
davalebis Sesasruleblad ganvixiloT pasuxis TiToeuli varianti:
(a) arsebobs iseTi oqro, romelic ar brwyinavs.
am debulebiT naTqvamia, rom arsebobs erTi mainc iseTi obieqti, romelic
miekuTvneba oqros obieqtebis jgufs da ar miekuTvneba mbrwyinavi obieqtebis
jgufs. es ki gansxvavdeba davalebaSi mocemuli debulebis Sinaarsisgan da,
Sesabamisad, pasuxis es varianti arasworia.
(b) rac oqro ar aris, ar brwyinavs.
am debulebis mixedviT, Tu obieqti ar miekuTvneba oqros obieqtebis jgufs,
is arc mbrwyinav obieqtTa jgufs miekuTvneba, rac imas niSnavs, rom yvelaferi,
rac brwyinavs, oqroa. es ewinaaRmdegeba davalebaSi mocemul debulebas.
Sesabamisad, pasuxis es varianti arasworia.
(g) zogierTi ram, rac brwyinavs, ar aris oqro.
am debulebiT naTqvamia, rom arsebobs iseTi obieqtebi (erTi mainc),
romlebic brwyinavs, magram oqro ar aris, anu mbrwyinav obieqtTa jgufi moicavs
iseT obieqtebs (erTs mainc), romlebsac ar moicavs oqros obieqtebis jgufi. es
ki igivea, rac davalebaSi mocemuli debulebis Sinaarsi da, Sesabamisad, pasuxis
es varianti sworia.
(d) rac brwyinavs, ar aris oqro.
am debulebiT naTqvamia, rom Tu obieqti miekuTvneba mbrwyinavi obieqtebis
jgufs, maSin is ar miekuTvneba oqros obieqtebis jgufs, anu pirvel da meore
jgufebs arc erTi saerTo obieqti ar aqvT. xolo mocemuloba ar gamoricxavs
imas, rom am jgufebs saerTo obieqti hqondeT. Sesabamisad, am debulebas
mocemuli debulebisgan gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi aqvs da pasuxis es varianti
arasworia.
33
3. mocemulia:
• yvela biWs, romelsac aqvs Savi Tma, acvia jinsi;
• yoveli gogona Tu biWi, romelsac jinsi acvia, ukravs gitaraze.
davuSvaT, es ori debuleba WeSmaritia. romeli daskvna gamomdinareobs maTgan

aucileblad?
(a) biWebs, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, aqvT Savi Tma

(b) gogonebs, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, acviaT jinsi
(g) biWebi, romlebsac aqvT Savi Tma, ukraven gitaraze
(d) gogonebi, romlebsac ar acviaT jinsi, ar ukraven gitaraze
upirveles yovlisa, yuradReba mivaqcioT, rom meore wanamZRvari

faqtobrivad aris ori winadadebis erTianoba: `yvela biWi, romelsac acvia jinsi,
ukravs gitaraze~ da `yvela gogona, romelsac acvia jinsi, ukravs gitaraze~.
Sesabamisad, davalebaSi gvaqvs sami wanamZRvari:
1. yvela biWs, romelsac aqvs Savi Tma, acvia jinsi;
2. yvela biWi, romelsac acvia jinsi, ukravs gitaraze;
3. yvela gogona, romelsac acvia jinsi, ukravs gitaraze.
samive wanamZRvarsa da pasuxis variantebSi saubaria obieqtTa Semdeg
simravleebze: SavTmian biWebze, jinsian biWebze, biWebze, romlebic gitaraze
ukraven, jinsian gogonebze da gogonebze, romlebic gitaraze ukraven.
pirveli wanamZRvris mixedviT, Tuki biWs aqvs Savi Tma, mas aucileblad
acvia jinsi. magram aq araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, jinsi mxolod SavTmian
biWebs acviaT Tu sxvebsac. Tu SavTmiani biWebisa da jinsiani biWebis simravleebs
wreebiT gamovsaxavT, SavTmiani biWebis aRmniSvneli wre jinsiani biWebis
aRmniSvnel wreSi Caixazeba an daemTxveva mas.
diagrama 1 diagrama 2
zustad aseve, meore wanamZRvris mixedviT, Tuki biWs acvia jinsi, igi
aucileblad ukravs gitaraze. magram aq araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, gitaraze
mxolod jinsiani biWebi ukraven, Tu _ sxvebic. Sesabamisad, im biWebis simravlis
aRmniSvneli wre, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, SeiZleba moicavdes jinsiani biWebis
aRmniSvnel wres an emTxveodes mas. pirveli ori wanamZRvris mixedviT, diagrama
biWebisaTvis aseT saxes miiRebs:
diagrama 3
34
mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom saSualo wre SeiZleba emTxveodes pataras,
xolo didi _ saSualos, anu SesaZlebelia samive wre erTmaneTs emTxveodes.
gogonebisaTvis diagrama ufro martivia, radgan gogonebs mxolod mesame
wanamZRvari exeba: yvela jinsiani gogona ukravs gitaraze; amave dros, es
wanamZRvari arafers gvauwyebs imis Sesaxeb, jinsiani gogonebis garda sxva
gogonebic ukraven Tu ara gitaraze. Sesabamisad, diagrama aseTi saxis iqneba:
diagrama 4
am davalebis Sesruleba gulisxmobs mocemulobis samive nawilis Sejerebas
da amis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanas.
agebuli diagramebis mixedviT ganvixiloT pasuxebis SesaZlo variantebi:
(a) biWebs, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, aqvT Savi Tma.

me-3 diagramidan Cans, rom im biWebis simravle, romlebic ukraven gitaraze,
SeiZleba ufro farTo iyos, vidre SavTmiani biWebisa. miuxedavad imisa, rom
yvela SavTmiani biWi ukravs gitaraze, yvela biWs, romelic ukravs gitaraze,
SeiZleba ar hqondes Savi Tma. pasuxis es varianti araa swori.
(b) gogonebs, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, acviaT jinsi.
me-4 diagramidan Cans, rom im gogonaTa simravle, romlebic ukraven
gitaraze, SeiZleba ufro farTo iyos, vidre jinsiani gogonebisa. Sesabamisad,
aucilebeli araa, rom gogonebs, romlebic ukraven gitaraze, ecvaT jinsi. pasuxis
es variantic araa swori.
(g) biWebi, romlebsac aqvT Savi Tma, ukraven gitaraze.
me-3 diagramidan Cans, rom SavTmiani biWebis wre im biWebis wreSia
moqceuli, romlebic gitaraze ukraven, e. i. yvela SavTmiani biWi aucileblad
ukravs gitaraze. pasuxis es varianti sworia.
(d) gogonebi, romlebsac ar acviaT jinsi, ar ukraven gitaraze.
me-4 diagramidan Cans, rom im gogonaTa simravle, romlebic ukraven
gitaraze, SeiZleba ufro farTo iyos, vidre jinsiani gogonebisa. Sesabamisad,
araa gamoricxuli, rom gogona, romelsac ar acvia jinsi, ukravdes gitaraze.
pasuxis es varianti araa swori.
35
4. mocemulia ori debuleba:
• doRi sasiamovno sanaxaobaa;
• zogadad, cxenebis Weneba sasiamovno sanaxaobaa.
maSasadame, SeiZleba davaskvnaT:

arabuli jiSis cxenebis doRi sasiamovno sanaxaobaa.
es daskvna:
(a) gamomdinareobs mxolod erToblivad orive debulebidan
(b) gamomdinareobs TiToeuli debulebidan cal-calke
(g) gamomdinareobs mxolod erTi romelime debulebidan
(d) ar gamomdinareobs mocemuli debulebebidan
pirveli debulebis Tanaxmad, doRi sasiamovno sanaxaobaa. es exeba, zogadad,

yovelgvar doRs. amitom SeuZlebelia doRis kerZo SemTxveva _ arabuli jiSis
cxenebis doRi _ ar iyos sasiamovno sanaxaoba. amgvarad, daskvna _ arabuli jiSis
cxenebis doRi sasiamovno sanaxaobaa _ gamomdinareobs pirveli debulebidan.
meore debulebis mixedviT, zogadad, cxenebis Weneba sasiamovno sanaxaobaa.
vinaidan doRi aris cxenebis Weneba (konkretuli mizniT _ gamarjvebulis
gamosavlenad), xolo cxenebis simravle moicavs arabul cxenebsac, amitom
arabuli cxenebis doRic sasiamovno sanaxaobaa. maSasadame, zemomoyvanili daskvna
gamomdinareobs meore debulebidanac.
rogorc vxedavT, davalebaSi warmodgenili daskvna gamomdinareobs
mocemulobis rogorc pirveli, aseve meore debulebidan (orive debulebidan
cal-calke). Tu daskvna gamomdinareobs pirveli an meore debulebidan, is
gamomdinareobs orivedanac, Tumca orive debuleba araa aucilebeli am daskvnis
gamosatanad. Sesabamisad, swori araa (a) pasuxi, romlis Tanaxmad, es daskvna
gamomdinareobs mxolod erToblivad orive debulebidan.
amrigad, sworia (b) pasuxi.
5. mocemulia:
• Tu iadons raime siamovnebs, is kargad galobs;
• iadons siamovnebs, rodesac cisartyelas xedavs.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba gamomdinareobs am wanamZRvrebidan?
(a) Tu iadoni cisartyelas ver xedavs, kargad ver galobs

(b) Tu iadoni kargad galobs, is cisartyelas xedavs
(g) Tu iadoni kargad ar galobs, is cisartyelas ver xedavs
(d) Tu iadoni kargad galobs, mas raRac siamovnebs
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, SekiTxva _ qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli

debuleba gamomdinareobs am wanamZRvrebidan? _ igivea, rac SekiTxva: romeli
debulebaa aucileblad WeSmariti davalebis mocemulobis ganxorcielebis
SemTxvevaSi? sxva sityvebiT, romeli debuleba ar SeiZleba iyos mcdari, Tuki
wanamZRvrebi (e. i. monacemebi) WeSmaritia?
36
pirveli wanamZRvris Tanaxmad, iadoni kargad galobs, rodesac mas raime
siamovnebs (Tumca amiT ar gamoiricxeba, rom is SeiZleba kargad galobdes sxva
SemTxvevebSic). xolo meore wanamZRvris Tanaxmad, cisartyelas danaxva
iadonisTvis sasiamovnoa. amrigad, wanamZRvrebis Sinaarsi SegviZlia ase
warmovadginoT: Tu iadoni cisartyelas xedavs, mas es siamovnebs (Tu pirveli,
maSin meore), xolo roca mas raRac siamovnebs, is kargad galobs (Tu meore,
maSin mesame). aqedan ki gamomdinareobs debuleba: Tu iadoni cisartyelas xedavs,
is kargad galobs (Tu pirveli, maSin mesame). maSasadame, SeuZlebelia, iadoni
cisartyelas xedavdes da kargad ar galobdes, rac, Tavis mxriv, imas niSnavs, rom
Tu iadoni kargad ar galobs, maSin is cisartyelas ver xedavs. amrigad, swori
pasuxia (g).
axla sxva pasuxebi ganvixiloT. imis naTelsayofad, rom es debulebebi ar
gamomdinareobs mocemuli wanamZRvrebidan, unda vaCvenoT, rom isini SeiZleba
mcdari iyos maSin, rodesac orive wanamZRvari WeSmaritia.
davuSvaT, rom orive wanamZRvari WeSmaritia, da vnaxoT, SeiZleba Tu ara
aseT SemTxvevaSi mcdari iyos (a), (b) da (d) debulebebi. zemoT ukve vTqviT, rom
pirveli wanamZRvari ar gamoricxavs iadonis kargad galobas im SemTxvevebSic,
roca mas araferi siamovnebs; aseve, meore wanamZRvari ar gamoricxavs imas, rom
iadons cisartyelas yurebis garda kidev sxva ram siamovnebdes. maSasadame,
wanamZRvrebis WeSmariteba ar gamoricxavs Semdeg or SemTxvevas: 1. iadoni
cisartyelas ver xedavs, magram raRac sxva siamovnebs da kargad galobs; 2.
iadoni cisartyelas ver xedavs, arc sxva ram siamovnebs da mainc kargad galobs.
orive SemTxvevaSi mcdaria (a) da (b) debulebebi da, maSasadame, (a) da (b) pasuxebi
swori ar aris. meore SemTxvevaSi mcdaria (d) debuleba da, maSasadame, arc (d)
pasuxia swori.
6. mocemulia:
• Tu dimitri films gadaiRebs socialur Temaze da kinomcodneTa mowonebas
daimsaxurebs, am filmis premiera romis kinofestivalze moewyoba;
• Tu dimitris films pirvelad romis kinofestivalze aCveneben, maSin
dimitri miiRebs dafinansebas dokumenturi filmis gadasaRebad da mas
arqivSi muSaobis uflebasac miscemen.
garkveuli periodis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom dimitrim arqivSi muSaobis ufleba
ver miiRo.
davuSvaT, es monacemebi WeSmaritia. maSin qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli

debulebaa aucileblad WeSmariti?
(a) dimitrim ar gadaiRo filmi socialur Temaze

(b) dimitris mier gadaRebulma filmma kinomcodneTa mowoneba ver daimsaxura
(g) dimitrim ar gadaiRo filmi socialur Temaze an misma filmma kinomcodneTa
mowoneba ver daimsaxura
(d) romis kinofestivalze mxolod im filmebs uCveneben, romlebic socialur
problemebs exeba
37
Tavidanve SevniSnoT, rom pasuxi (d) swori ar aris. marTlac, romis
kinofestivalze saCvenebeli filmebis Tematikis Sesaxeb saubaria davalebis
mxolod pirvel wanamZRvarSi, romlis Tanaxmad, am festivalze uCveneben
socialur Temebze gadaRebul filmebs; Tumca masSi araferia naTqvami imaze, rom
festivali mxolod aseTi filmebis CvenebiT ifargleba. maSasadame, davaleba ar
gvawvdis sakmaris informacias amasTan dakavSirebiT.
davalebis mocemulobaSi naTqvamia, rom dimitris ar misces arqivSi
muSaobis ufleba. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom dimitris filmi pirvelad romis
kinofestivalze ar uCvenebiaT. marTlac, dimitris filmi romis kinofestivalze
rom eCvenebinaT, maSin is, meore wanamZRvris Tanaxmad, miiRebda dafinansebas
dokumenturi filmis gadasaRebad da arqivSi muSaobis uflebas. es ki ar moxda.
radgan dimitris filmis premiera romis kinofestivalze ar gaimarTa, amitom
unda davaskvnaT, rom mcdaria debuleba*: dimitrim filmi socialur Temaze
gadaiRo da kinomcodneTa mowoneba daimsaxura (ix. pirveli wanamZRvari). es
debuleba ori nawilisagan, ori daqvemdebarebuli debulebisgan Sedgeba da
radganac is mTlianobaSi mcdaria, mcdaria misi erTi nawili, an mcdaria meore
nawili, anda mcdaria orive. sxva sityvebiT: misi erTi nawili mainc aucileblad
mcdaria; anu dimitris socialur Temaze filmi ar gadauRia an misma filmma
kinomcodneTa mowoneba ver daimsaxura. es ki igive debulebaa, romelic pasuxis
(g) variantSia mocemuli.
amrigad, (g) pasuxSi asaxuli debuleba aucileblad WeSmaritia, Tuki
WeSmaritia davalebis monacemebi; magram imisTvis, rom (g) swor pasuxad miviCnioT,
unda davasabuToT, rom danarCeni pasuxebi ar aris aucileblad WeSmariti (e. i.
TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba mcdari iyos).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mcdaria debuleba: dimitrim filmi socialur
Temaze gadaiRo da kinomcodneTa mowoneba daimsaxura. Tumca aq araa
dazustebuli, am debulebis romeli nawilia mcdari da romeli _ ara. SeiZleba
dimitrim gadaiRo filmi socialur Temaze, magram ver daimsaxura kinomcodneTa
mowoneba (mcdaria (a) pasuxi); SesaZlebelia, agreTve, rom dimitrim filmi ara
socialur, aramed sxva Temaze gadaiRo da am filmma kinomcodneTa mowoneba
daimsaxura (mcdaria (b) pasuxi).
amrigad, swori pasuxia (g).
*
Tu romelime debuleba mcdaria, maSin misi uarmyofeli debuleba aris WeSmariti, da, piriqiT
(uaryofaze miuTiTebs sityvebi àr~, `ver~ da a.S.). magaliTad, Tu mcdaria `dimitrim filmi
socialur Temaze gadaiRo~, maSin WeSmaritia `dimitris socialur Temaze filmi ar gadauRia~,
da piriqiT.
38
7. megobrebi _ ana, veriko, Tina da lia magidas irgvliv usxedan (ara
aucileblad am TanmimdevrobiT). cnobilia, rom maT Soris erTi yvelaze
maRalia, erTi _ yvelaze Wkviani, erTi _ yvelaze xalisiani, erTi ki – yvelaze
dinji.
aseve mocemulia, rom:

• Tinas erT mxares uzis yvelaze Wkviani megobari, meore mxares _ veriko
• yvelaze xalisianis pirdapir zis ana
• veriko araa yvelaze xalisiani
aRniSnuli oTxi Tvisebidan romeli axasiaTebs lias?
(a) yvelaze maRali

(b) yvelaze Wkviani
(g) yvelaze xalisiani
(d) yvelaze dinji
am davalebis Sesasruleblad TvalsaCinod unda

warmovidginoT masSi mocemuli situacia. amisaTvis
mizanSewonilia naxazis gamoyeneba.
ana, veriko, Tina da lia sqematurad wertilebiT aRvniSnoT.
vinaidan davalebis mocemulobaSi lias Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami, misi
maxasiaTeblis dadgena unda vcadoT sxva personaJebis Sesaxeb arsebuli
informaciis safuZvelze.
sazogadod, am tipis davalebaTa Sesrulebisas aucilebelia ganvsazRvroT
monacemebi, romlebic ueWvelad marTebulia, da maTze dayrdnobiT gavakeToT
ueWvelad marTebuli daskvnebi.
mocemulobaSi informacia pirvelad Tinas Sesaxeb
gveZleva, anu Tina CvenTvis pirveli orientiria. amitom
SegviZlia mas mocemuli oTxi wertilidan nebismieri
mivakuTvnoT.
mocemulobis mixedviT, Tinas erT mxares uzis yvelaze Wkviani megobari,

meore mxares ki _ veriko.
amgvarad, danamdvilebiT SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom arc veriko da arc Tina ar
arian yvelaze Wkvianebi.
davalebaSi aseve mocemulia, rom yvelaze
xalisianis pirdapir zis ana, da es yvelaze xalisiani
araa veriko, e. i. ana ar zis verikos pirdapir. naxazze
ki Cans, rom yvelaze Wkviani isaa, vinc swored verikos
pirdapir zis.
maSasadame, ana araa yvelaze Wkviani.
Tu arc ana, arc veriko da arc Tina ar arian yvelaze Wkvianebi, maSin
yvelaze Wkviani lia yofila. Sesabamisad swori pasuxia (b).
39
8. oTxi yuTidan TiToeulSi devs erTi wiTeli da erTi mwvane burTi. oTxive
yuTi, oTxive wiTeli da oTxive mwvane burTi danomrilia ricxvebiT 1, 2, 3 da
4. TiToeuli yuTisa da masSi moTavsebuli ori burTis nomrebi (e. i. samive
nomeri) gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan. garda amisa mocemulia:
• #1 yuTSi moTavsebuli wiTeli burTis nomeri emTxveva #2 yuTSi
moTavsebuli mwvane burTis nomers
• #2 wiTeli da #1 mwvane burTebi erTsa da imave yuTSi awyvia
• #3 yuTSi devs #4 mwvane burTi
yuTebSi wiTeli burTebis romeli ganawileba akmayofilebs amocanis pirobebs?
yuTebi #1 #2 #3 #4
(a) 3 4 2 1
(b) 3 4 1 2
(g) 2 1 4 3
(d) 4 3 1 2
gavanawiloT burTebi yuTebSi amocanis pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT. amaSi

dagvexmareba monacemebis grafikulad gamosaxva (gaiTvaliswineT: miuxedavad imisa,
rom qvemoT oTxi sqemaa mocemuli, romlebic davalebis Sesasruleblad saWiro
nabijebs asaxavs, realurad Tqven erTi sqemis TandaTan `Sevseba~ mogiwevT).
ganawileba daviwyoT bolo pirobis mixedviT, radgan aq calsaxad aris
naTqvami, rom #3 yuTSi devs #4 mwvane burTi.
mocemulobis pirveli punqtis Tanaxmad, mwvane burTs meore yuTSi igive

nomeri aqvs, rac wiTels _ pirvelSi. Sesabamisad, pirvel da meore yuTebSi
moTavsebuli burTebis nomrebi ver iqneba verc 1 da verc 2 (TiToeuli yuTisa
da masSi moTavsebuli ori burTis nomrebi, e. i. samive nomeri, gansxvavdeba
erTmaneTisgan). burTebis nomrebi SeiZleba iyos 3 an 4. Tumca, rogorc vnaxeT,
#4 mwvane burTi mesame yuTSi devs, maSasadame, meore yuTSi unda idos #3
mwvane burTi da pirvelSi #3 wiTeli burTi.
40
mocemulobis meore punqtidan vigebT, rom erT-erT yuTSi awyvia #2
wiTeli da #1 mwvane burTebi. es SeiZleba iyos mxolod meoTxe yuTi, radgan
danarCenebSi wiTeli Tu mwvane burTebis nomrebi ukve davadgineT.
axla SegviZlia `SevavsoT~ cxrili. pirvel yuTSi yofila #2 mwvane burTi,

meore yuTSi _ #4 wiTeli burTi (radgan is ver iqneba mesameSi #4 mwvane
burTTan erTad), xolo mesameSi _ #1 wiTeli burTi.
yuTebSi wiTeli burTebis ganlageba Seesabameba (b) pasuxSi mocemul

ganlagebas. maSasadame, (b) swori pasuxia.
9. turisti A qalaqs estumra da aRfrTovanda qalaqis quCebis sisufTaviT,

maRali xarisxis gzis safariT da usafrTxo garemoTi. amis sapirispirod,
informaciis masobrivi saSualebebidan mas xSirad smenia A qalaqSi arsebuli
rTuli kriminogenuli situaciis, areulobisa da dazianebuli gzebis Sesaxeb.
turistma ivarauda, rom informaciis masobrivi saSualebebi mcdar cnobebs
avrceleben A qalaqis Sesaxeb.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti ayenebs eWvqveS am varauds?

(a) turisti moxvda A qalaqis centralur ubanSi, romelic, periferiuli
ubnebisgan gansxvavebiT, qalaqisTvis aratipurad mowesrigebulia
(b) A qalaqis meria uzrunvelyofs sanimuSo wesrigsa da sisufTaves qalaqis
rogorc centralur, aseve periferiul ubnebSi
(g) A qalaqis policiis samsaxuri srulad akontrolebs qalaqis yvela quCas da,
Sesabamisad, aq Tavdasxmebi adamianebze arasodes xdeba
(d) informaciis masobrivi saSualebebi, ZiriTadad, eyrdnobian arasarwmuno
wyaroebs, da, Sesabamisad, avrceleben mcdar cnobebs
41
davalebis pirobaSi naTqvamia, rom turists, romelic A qalaqs ewvia, aq
sakuTari molodinis sapirispiro suraTi daxvda. masobrivi informaciis
saSualebebidan mas am qalaqis Sesaxeb negatiuri (uaryofiTi) informacia hqonda
miRebuli. realuri mdgomareoba ki, romelic man aq ixila, pozitiuri
(sasiamovno) aRmoCnda. Sesabamisad, turistma masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT
gavrcelebuli cnobebi A qalaqis Sesaxeb mcdarad miiCnia.
davalebis Sesasruleblad unda moviZioT faqti, romelmac SeiZleba
`gaamarTlos~ masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi, anu eWvqveS daayenos turistis
varaudi maT mier gavrcelebuli cnobebis simcdarisa da, Sesabamisad, qalaqSi
arsebuli mdgomareobis pozitiurobis Sesaxeb.
(a) turisti moxvda A qalaqis centralur ubanSi, romelic, periferiuli
ubnebisgan gansxvavebiT, qalaqisTvis aratipurad mowesrigebulia.
pasuxis am variantis mixedviT, turists qalaqis aratipuri, centraluri
ubani unaxavs da amis safuZvelze gamoutania daskvna mTeli qalaqis Sesaxeb.
periferiul ubnebSi ki Turme gansxvavebuli viTarebaa. isini, centraluri
ubnisgan gansxvavebiT, mouwesrigebelia. amgvarad, SesaZloa, masobrivi informaciis
saSualebebis mier gavrcelebuli cnobebi qalaqSi arsebuli usiamovno garemos
Sesaxeb sinamdviles Seesabamebodes. rogorc vxedavT, swored esaa faqti, romelic
eWvqveS ayenebs turistis varauds masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mier
mcdari cnobebis gavrcelebis Taobaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom pasuxis es varianti sworia, ganvixiloT sxva
variantebic, raTa davrwmundeT, rom davalebas erTaderTi swori pasuxi aqvs.
(b) A qalaqis meria uzrunvelyofs sanimuSo wesrigsa da sisufTaves qalaqis
rogorc centralur, aseve periferiul ubnebSi.
pasuxis es varianti miuTiTebs garkveul uwyebaze, romelic uzrunvelyofs
wesrigs qalaqSi da amiT ufro ganamtkicebs turistis varauds qalaqis
mowesrigebulobisa da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mier mcdari cnobebis
gavrcelebis Sesaxeb, vidre eWvqveS ayenebs mas. Sesabamisad, igi araa swori.
(g) A qalaqis policiis samsaxuri srulad akontrolebs qalaqis yvela quCas
da, Sesabamisad, aq Tavdasxmebi adamianebze arasodes xdeba.
pasuxis es varianti miuTiTebs garkveul uwyebaze, romelic icavs usafrTxoebas
qalaqis quCebSi da, pasuxis (b) variantis msgavsad, ufro ganamtkicebs turistis
varauds, vidre eWvqveS ayenebs mas.
(d) informaciis masobrivi saSualebebi, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba arasarwmuno
wyaroebs, da, Sesabamisad, avrceleben mcdar cnobebs.
pasuxis am variantSi dasaxelebulia mizezi imisa, Tu ratom avrcelebs
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi mcdar cnobebs. Sesabamisad, es pasuxi
ganamtkicebs turistis varauds imis Taobaze, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSic
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis mier gavrcelebuli cnobebi A qalaqis
Sesaxeb SesaZloa mcdari iyos. pasuxis es variantic araa swori.
amrigad, davalebis erTaderTi swori pasuxia (a).
42
10. romis imperiis zogierT regionSi wyals intensiurad iyenebdnen energiis
wyarod. Tumca did qalaqebSi wylis energia ar gamoiyeneboda. zogierTi
istorikosi am faqts ase xsnis: mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilebSi mmarTveli elita
amjobinebda energiis tradiciul wyaroebs, rac moiTxovda didi raodenobis
muSaxelis dasaqmebas; wylis energiis gamoyenebis danergva ki samuSaos gareSe
datovebda bevr adamians da socialur areulobas gamoiwvevda.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti ayenebs eWvqveS am axsnas?
(a) romaelebi didi ostatobiT aSenebdnen akvedukebs _ Tavisebur arxebs,

romelTa saSualebiTac wyali Soridan miewodeboda did qalaqebs
(b) romis imperiis yvela im regionSi, sadac wylis energia ar gamoiyeneboda,
mdinareebSi wylis nakadi Zalian arastabiluri iyo wlis ganmavlobaSi
(g) romis imperiis did qalaqebSi wylis energiis gamoyenebis danergva SesaZlebeli
iyo sakmaod mokle droSi, Tanac, didi danaxarjebis gareSe
(d) romis imperiis yvela im regionSi, sadac wyali ar gamoiyeneboda energiis
wyarod, amjobinebdnen energiis sxva, ufro tradiciul wyaroebs
davalebis pirobaSi axsnilia, ratom ar iyenebdnen wyals energiis wyarod

romaelebi did qalaqebSi _ eridebodnen socialur areulobas, romelic,
savaraudod, mohyveboda adamianTa samuSaos gareSe datovebas energiis
tradiciul wyaroebze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi. am axsnis eWvqveS dayeneba
gulisxmobs misi alternativis, anu gansxvavebuli axsnis moZiebas im faqtisTvis,
rom did qalaqebSi wylis energia ar gamoiyeneboda.
amgvari axsna SemoTavazebulia pasuxis (b) variantSi. marTlac, imis mizezi,
rom did qalaqebSi wylis energia ar gamoiyeneboda, SeiZleboda yofiliyo wylis
resursebis arastabiluroba da ara – mmarTveli elitis mier socialuri
areulobis Tavidan acilebis mcdeloba.
(a) da (g) pasuxebi arasworia, radgan TiToeuli maTgani damatebiT sabuTs
Seicavs imisTvis, rom romis imperiis did qalaqebSi wylis energiis gamoyeneba
SesaZlebeli iyo, da, amdenad, garkveulwilad ganamtkicebs kidec istorikosebis
mier SemoTavazebul axsnas _ miuxedavad imisa, rom romaelebs SeeZloT
akvedukebis aSeneba da wylis energiis gamoyenebis efeqturad danergva, isini am
gzas mainc ar mimarTavdnen, savaraudod, socialuri areulobis safrTxis gamo.
(d) pasuxi arasworia, vinaidan masSi sxva sityvebiT, ufro zogadi saxiTaa
aRwerili swored is faqti, romlis axsnac amocanis pirobaSia SemoTavazebuli.
amrigad, swori pasuxia (b).
43
zogadi rekomendaciebi logikis blokis davalebebisTvis:
• davalebebi sxvadasxva tipisaa. miaqcieT yuradReba, ra mogeTxovebaT TiToeul
davalebaSi;
• zogierTi davalebis Sesrulebisas sasurvelia, davalebis piroba gamosaxoT
naxazis, diagramis meSveobiT. amgvari naxazi dagexmarebaT pasuxis calkeuli
variantebis ganxilvisas da gagiadvilebT swori daskvnis gamotanas;
• kargad gaiazreT mimarTebebi davalebis pirobaSi warmodgenil obieqtebs
Soris. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, diagrama SeiZleba arasworad aagoT, rac
xels SegiSliT swori pasuxis arCevaSi;
• TiToeuli davaleba SeasruleT mxolod da mxolod masSi moyvanili
monacemebis safuZvelze, miuxedavad imisa, Seesabameba Tu ara es monacemebi
realobas;
• gaiTvaliswineT, rom zogjer davalebis swori pasuxi ar Seesabameba realobas,
xolo araswori pasuxi Zalze realuria. pasuxi unda airCioT mxolod
Tanmimdevrul, logikur msjelobaze (da ara faqtobriv codnaze) dayrdnobiT;
• zogjer davalebis Sesruleba niSnavs iseTi pasuxis arCevas, romelic ar
gamomdinareobs davalebis mocemulobidan, SeuZlebelia momxdariyo am
mocemulobis pirobebSi an xels uSlis garkveuli daskvnis gamotanas,
eWvqveS ayenebs mas da a.S. amitom davalebis Sesrulebisas mniSvnelovania
kargad gaiazroT, ra mogeTxovebaT davalebis mixedviT da mxolod amis
Semdeg airCioT pasuxi.
44
1. davuSvaT:
• yvela mxatvari arqiteqtoria.
maSin qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan rogori adamianis arsebobaa SeuZlebeli?
adamianisa, romelic:
(a) aris mxatvaric da arqiteqtoric
(b) aris mxatvari, Tumca ar aris arqiteqtori
(g) ar aris mxatvari, magram aris arqiteqtori
(d) arc mxatvaria da arc arqiteqtori
2. mocemulia:
• ar aris marTali, rom yvavili, romelic am qoTanSi gaiSleba, aris ekliani
da samferovani.
Tu es debuleba WeSmaritia, maSin qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelia aucileblad

WeSmariti?
(a) es yvavili ar aris ekliani, Tumca samferovania

(b) es yvavili aris ekliani, Tumca ar aris samferovani
(g) es yvavili aris an ueklo, an arasamferovani, an orive erTad
(d) es yvavili aris an ueklo, an arasamferovani, magram ara orive erTad
3. mocemulia ori debuleba:

• Tu kargad ar icnob mtacebel cxovelTa qcevis Taviseburebebs, keniaSi
lomebze dasakvirveblad ver waxval;
• Tu keniaSi lomebze dasakvirveblad waxval, Jurnal GEO-Si statiis
gamoqveynebaze uars ar getyvian.
gamoitanes daskvna:
Tu Jurnal GEO-Si statiis gamoqveynebaze uari giTxres, rogorc Cans, ar
yofilxar keniaSi lomebze dasakvirveblad.
es daskvna:
(a) gamomdinareobs orive debulebidan da ar gamomdinareobs arc erTidan cal-
calke
(b) gamomdinareobs TiToeuli debulebidan cal-calke
(g) gamomdinareobs mxolod erT-erTi debulebidan
(d) ar gamomdinareobs mocemuli debulebebidan
45
4. yuTSi uwesrigod Cayrili sagnebidan eka TvaldaxuWuli iRebda erTs da
daTvalierebis Semdeg kvlav yuTSi abrunebda. es operacia man mravaljer
gaimeora. aRmoCnda, rom yuTidan amoRebuli yvela sagani iyo wiTeli saTamaSo.
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom yuTSi:
(a) mxolod wiTeli saTamaSoebia

(b) mxolod wiTeli sagnebia
(g) mxolod saTamaSoebia
(d) sagnebis nawili mainc wiTeli saTamaSoebia
5. dedam bavSvebisTvis saSobao saCuqrebi moamzada: saxatavi albomi, zRaprebis

wigni da Tojina.
TaTa: `netav, saxatavi albomi me Semxvdes~
rusudani: `me ar minda, rom saxatavi albomi Semxvdes~
lizi: `me ar minda, rom zRaprebis wigni Semxvdes~
saCuqrebi ise ganawilda, rom mxolod erTis survili Sesrulda.

rogor ganawilda saCuqrebi gogonebs Soris?
TaTa rusudani lizi

(a) saxatavi albomi zRaprebis wigni Tojina
(b) saxatavi albomi Tojina zRaprebis wigni
(g) Tojina zRaprebis wigni saxatavi albomi
(d) zRaprebis wigni saxatavi albomi Tojina
6. musikis moyvarulebi jazuri musikis konkursSi gamarjvebas B musikoss

uwinaswarmetyvelebdnen, magram, maT gasakvirad, konkursSi D musikosma gaimarjva.
musikis moyvarulebma es faqti D-s mimarT Jiuris wevrTa mikerZoebuli
damokidebulebiT axsnes.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ayenebs eWvqveS musikis moyvarulTa am varauds?
(a) B Tavis saSemsruleblo teqnikas ukeT avlens simfoniuri musikis

Sesrulebisas
(b) Jiuris wevrTagan bevri D-s kolega da megobari iyo
(g) B gansakuTrebuli mondomebiT emzadeboda am konkursisTvis
(d) Jiuris Tavmjdomare jazuri musikisadmi gansakuTrebuli simpaTiiT iyo
gamsWvaluli
46
7. skolaSi ori meTerTmete klasia _ A da B. damkvirvebelma, romelic skolis
muSaobas ecnoboda, SeamCnia, rom qimiaSi A klasis moswavleebs ufro maRali
Sefasebebi hqondaT, vidre _ B klasis moswavleebs. am faqtis safuZvelze man
ivarauda, rom A klasis moswavleebi, B klasis moswavleebTan SedarebiT, qimias
meti mondomebiT swavloben.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti matebs damajereblobas am varauds?
(a) B klasis qimiis maswavlebeli ufro mkacri gamomcdelia, vidre _ A klasisa

(b) A klasis qimiis maswavlebeli ufro intensiurad iyenebs swavlebis
Tanamedrove meTodebs, vidre _ B klasisa
(g) A klasis moswavleebs naklebad hqondaT qimiis laboratoriaSi praqtikuli
muSaobis SesaZlebloba, vidre _ B klasis moswavleebs
(d) B klasis gakveTilebis cxrilSi naklebi saaTi eTmoba qimias, vidre _ A
klasis cxrilSi
47
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba
testis es bloki amowmebs wakiTxuli teqstidan informaciis mopovebis,

gaanalizebisa da Sefasebis unars.
bloki Seicavs or teqsts. TiToeul teqsts axlavs 6-7 SekiTxva. yoveli
SekiTxva iTvleba damoukidebel testur davalebad.
SekiTxvebs erTvis 4 savaraudo pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori.
TiToeuli SekiTxvis/davalebis meSveobiT mowmdeba wakiTxuli teqstis
gasaazreblad aucilebeli romelime unari.
Tqven unda SeZloT:
• teqstis Temisa da ZiriTadi ideis gamokveTa;
• miRebul informaciaSi ZiriTadis (arsebiTisa) da meorexarisxovanis garCeva;
• teqstis sxvadasxva nawilebs (winadadebebsa da abzacebs) Soris mimarTebis
dadgena;
• mTeli teqstidan an misi calkeuli nawilebidan daskvnis gamotana;
• calkeuli abzacis funqciis gansazRvra;
• calkeuli sityvisa Tu gamoTqmis mniSvnelobis axsna an maTi mniSvnelobis
amocnoba konteqstis mixedviT;
• teqstis sakvanZo sityvebisa da frazebis moZieba;
• teqstSi mocemuli polemikuri monakveTis gaazreba-Sefaseba;
• varaudisa da faqtis erTmaneTisagan garCeva;
• teqstSi warmodgenil movlenaTa Soris arsebuli kavSirebis dadgena;
• calkeuli fragmentebis parafrazireba;
• qveteqstis amocnoba;
• teqstidan mopovebuli informaciis gamoyeneba axali problemis
gadasawyvetad;
• teqstSi warmodgenilsa da sxva (hipoTezur) situaciebs Soris mimarTebis
dadgena.
teqstebi Tematurad mravalferovania da mecnierebisa da kulturis

sxvadasxva sferos ukavSirdeba. Tumca davalebaTa Sesruleba, anu SekiTxvebze
pasuxis gacema ar moiTxovs ama Tu im sferosTan dakavSirebul specialur
codnas.
teqstebi SeiZleba iyos TxrobiTi, polemikuri Tu ganmartebiTi xasiaTisa.
isini nairgvaria stilis mixedviTac.
mocemuli blokis davalebebs axlavs amgvari instruqcia:

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT da gaiazreT teqsti. TiToeuli SekiTxvis savaraudo
pasuxebidan airCieT is varianti, romelic marTebulia mocemuli teqstis mixedviT.
gaiTvaliswineT:
teqstis Semdeg mocemuli TiToeuli SekiTxva testis damoukidebeli
davalebaa. amitom yovel SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas ixelmZRvaneleT teqstiT da
ara wina SekiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxiT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT araswor pasuxTa
jaWvi.
48
nimuSebi da ganmartebebi (teqsti I)
naturmorti mxatvrobis erT-erTi Janria. sityva `naturmorti~ mkvdar
bunebas niSnavs. naturmorti asaxavs uZrav sagnebs: yvavilebs, xils, nanadirevs,
musikalur sakravebsa da nebismier sxva sagans. XIX saukunemde naturmortis
TiTqmis yvela avtoris mizani maqsimaluri realisturobis miRweva iyo. yvelaze
realisturi naturmortebi cnobilia `tromp l’ eis~ saxeliT, rac qarTulad
`Tvalis motyuebas~ niSnavs. es suraTebi iseT STabeWdilebas gviqmnis, TiTqos
Cven Tvalwin realuri sagnebia da ara suraTis brtyeli zedapiri.
naturmorti, rogorc Janri, antikur saberZneTsa da romSi iRebs dasabams,
sadac is mdidarTa saxlebis kedlebis mosarTavad gamoiyeneboda. erTi berZeni
mwerlis TqmiT, mxatvarma zevqsisma daxata yurZnis mtevani, romelic imdenad hgavda
namdvils, rom Citebi mis akenkvas cdilobdnen. magram zevqsiss parasiasma ajoba. man
iseTi farda daxata, rom zevqsisma misi gadaweva daapira. mogvianebiT, Sua
saukuneebsa da renesansis periodSi naturmortebi, ZiriTadad, didi suraTebis
nawils warmoadgenda. magaliTad, RvTismSobelTan erTad xSirad gamoxatavdnen
larnaks dumfarebiT, romlebic simbolurad umankoebas ganasaxierebda. mxolod
XVII saukuneSi iqca naturmorti damoukidebel Janrad. am dros is gansakuTrebiT
popularuli iyo holandiel mxatvarTa Soris, romlebic TavianT tiloebze,
Cveulebriv, asaxavdnen fufunebis sagnebs: vercxlis WurWels, brolis fialebsa da
Wrel Taigulebs. zogjer naturmortiT garkveuli faruli azri iyo gadmocemuli.
mxatvrebi xSirad iseT sagnebs gamoxatavdnen, romelTac ama Tu im ideis warmoCena
SeeZloT. magaliTad, wignebi niSnavda codnas, musikaluri instrumentebi _
siamovnebas, xolo Tavis qala _ amqveyniuri cxovrebis warmavlobas.
XIX saukunemde kritikosebi naturmortebs ar swyalobdnen. maT mxolod
ostatobis asamaRlebel saSualebad miiCnevdnen. isini fiqrobdnen, rom
naturmortis Seqmna ar saWiroebda mxatvrisgan arc fantaziis unars da arc
azrovnebas. XIX saukuneSi naturmortebi TandaTan scildeboda realobas.
mxatvrebma TavianTi grZnobebis, ganwyobilebis gamoxatvis mizniT eqsperimentebs
mihyves xeli. isini xSirad iseT sagnebs irCevdnen, romelTac maTTvis
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda, da iseT stilsa da ferebs iyenebdnen,
romlebic maT grZnobebs ufro metad Seefereboda, vidre _ realobas. frangi
mxatvris eduard manes TqmiT, `xilisa da yvavilebis meSveobiT mxatvars
yvelafris gamoxatva SeuZlia~.
cnobili holandieli mxatvris, van gogis erT naxatze gamosaxulia skami.
skamze Cibuxi devs. oTaxis kuTxeSi mdgari yuTidan xaxvis mwvane Reroebi moCans,
rac bunebisa da ganaxlebis simboloa. mxatvris skami da Cibuxi _ es ubralo
nivTebi iseTive warmavali da miwieria, rogorc TviT adamiani. vinsent van gogis
es naturmorti erTgvari simboluri avtoportretia. sagnebi mis tiloebze
aisaxeba mxatvris sulieri mdgomareobis Sesabamisad. van gogi werda: ìmis
nacvlad, rom zustad gamovsaxo is, rasac vxedav, ferebs Cemeburad viyeneb, raTa
ufro energiulad gamovxato sakuTari Tavi~. mas miaCnda, rom ferebs
konkretuli emociuri faseuloba aqvs. yoveli feri misTvis sulieri gancdis
simbolo iyo. magaliTad, `mzesumzirebSi~, romelic Tavis megobars, pol gogens,
miuZRvna, van gogma ùrTierTharmoniuli~ narinjisferi da yviTeli gamoiyena,
raTa Tavisi megobruli grZnobebi gamoexata.
49
1. XIX saukunemde naturmortis avtorTa mizani iyo:
(a) damTvaliereblisTvis iseTi STabeWdilebis Seqmna, TiTqos tiloze `mkvdari

bunebaa~ asaxuli
(b) yvavilebis, xilis, nanadirevis asaxviT mxatvrobis axali mimarTulebis Seqmna
(g) suraTis brtyel zedapirze uZrav da ara realur saganTa asaxva
(d) uZrav saganTa maqsimalurad realisturi asaxva
I abzacSi axsnilia saxviTi xelovnebis erT-erTi Janris _ naturmortis

arsi, ganmartebulia am sityvis mniSvneloba da gamokveTilia XIX saukunemde
naturmortis avtorTa mizani: sagnebis asaxvisas maqsimaluri realisturobis
miRweva. amitom sworia pasuxis (d) varianti.
2. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli araa marTebuli, teqstis mixedviT?

(a) antikur saberZneTsa da romSi naturmorts dekoratiuli funqcia hqonda
(b) XVII saukunis holandieli mxatvrebi naturmortze xatavdnen imdroindeli
sazogadoebis materialuri keTildReobis amsaxvel sagnebs
(g) Sua saukuneebsa da renesansis periodSi naturmorti suraTis mxolod nawils
warmoadgenda, amasTanave, SeiZleboda mas garkveuli simboluri datvirTvac
hqonoda
(d) mxatvrebma mxolod XIX saukuneSi daiwyes naturmortis meSveobiT
ganyenebuli ideebis simbolurad gamosaxva
am davalebis Sesruleba moiTxovs pasuxis im variantis SerCevas, romelic

araa marTebuli teqstis mixedviT, ar Seesabameba teqstSi mocemul informacias.
antikur saberZneTsa da romSi naturmorti gamoiyeneboda mdidarTa saxlebis
kedlebis mosarTavad, e. i. mas dekoratiuli funqcia hqonda. pasuxis (a)
variantSi mocemuli debuleba marTebulia teqstis mixedviT, amitom is ar
SeiZleba iyos am davalebis pasuxi. XVII saukunis holandieli mxatvrebi TavianT
naturmortebze, Cveulebriv, asaxavdnen fufunebis sagnebs (mag., Zvirfas WurWels),
e. i. xatavdnen imdroindeli sazogadoebis materialuri keTildReobis amsaxvel
sagnebs. Sesabamisad, pasuxis (b) variantic araa swori. Sua saukuneebsa da
renesansis epoqaSi naturmorti, ZiriTadad, didi suraTebis nawils warmoadgenda
da mas garkveuli simboluri datvirTvac hqonda (II abzacSi warmodgenilia amis
erT-erTi magaliTi _ RvTismSobelTan erTad larnaki dumfarebiT). Sesabamisad,
pasuxis (g) variantic arasworia.
naturmortis meSveobiT mxatvrebi XIX saukunemdec gamosaxavdnen ganyenebul
ideebs simbolurad, magaliTad, renesansis periodis naxatebze RvTismSobelTan
erTad dumfarebi simbolurad umankoebas ganasaxierebda, naturmortze
gamosaxuli musikaluri instrumenti _ siamovnebaze migvaniSnebda, Tavis qala ki
_ amqveyniuri cxovrebis warmavlobaze. amrigad, teqstis mixedviT ar aris
marTebuli debuleba, romelic pasuxis meoTxe variantSia mocemuli: mxatvrebma
mxolod XIX saukuneSi daiwyes naturmortis meSveobiT ganyenebuli ideebis
simbolurad gamosaxva. Sesabamisad, mocemuli davalebis pasuxia (d).
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3. ra Seicvala naturmortis gaazrebaSi XIX saukunidan?
(a) naturmortebze gaCnda iseTi sagnebi, romlebic ufro Seesatyviseboda maT

avtorTa grZnobebs, ganwyobilebas, vidre _ sinamdviles
(b) mxatvrebma eqsperimentebs mihyves xeli: cdilobdnen gare sinamdvilis Semecnebas
da mis asaxvas maqsimaluri realisturobiT
(g) kritikosebma naturmorti miiCnies mxolod ostatobis asamaRlebel, xatvis
teqnikis dasauflebel saSualebad
(d) kritikosebma daamkvidres azri: naturmortis Seqmnas ar sWirdeba aRqmulis
gaazreba an warmosaxvis gansakuTrebuli unari
XIX saukunidan naturmortebi TandaTan scildeba realobas. mxatvrebi iseT

sagnebs irCeven, romelTac maTTvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvT da iseT
stilsa Tu ferebs iyeneben, romlebic maT grZnobebs, ganwyobilebebs ufro metad
Seefereba, vidre _ sinamdviles. es yvelaferi ar Seesabameba naturmortis,
rogorc Janris adrindel gaazrebas. Sesabamisad, sworia pasuxis (a) varianti.
XIX saukunis mxatvrebma marTlac mihyves xeli eqsperimentebs: cdilobdnen
gare sinamdvilis Semecnebas da mis asaxvas, magram ara maqsimaluri
realisturobiT, aramed _ subieqturi Sexedulebebisa Tu ganwyobis mixedviT.
amitom pasuxis (b) varianti arasworia.
teqstis mixedviT, swored XIX saukunemde miiCnevdnen kritikosebi
naturmorts mxolod ostatobis asamaRlebel, xatvis teqnikis dasauflebel
saSualebad. mas Semdeg ki am Janris gaazrebaSi arsebiTi cvlileba moxda. amas
mowmobs mxatvarTa eqsperimentebi, agreTve III abzacis bolos moyvanili citata,
romelic eduard manes ekuTvnis. Sesabamisad, pasuxis (g) variantic arasworia.
is Sexeduleba, rom naturmortis Seqmnas ar sWirdeba aRqmulis gaazreba an
warmosaxvis gansakuTrebuli unari, ar damkvidrebula XIX saukunis Semdeg.
kritikosebi swored XIX saukunemde ar swyalobdnen naturmorts, miaCndaT, rom
usulo sagnebis daxatvas ar sWirdeba arc fantaziis unari da arc azrovneba.
Sesabamisad, pasuxis (d) variantic mcdaria.
4. van gogis erT-erT naturmortze gamoxatulia ubralo sagnebi (IV abzaci). am

naturmortis mixedviT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom avtori ar iziarebda im
cxovrebiseul Rirebulebebs, romlebzec migvaniSnebs:
(a) Sua saukuneebisa da renesansis periodis naturmortebi
(b) XVII saukunis holandiel mxatvarTa naturmortebi
(g) frangi mxatvris eduard manes naturmortebi
(d) van gogisave naturmorti _ `mzesumzirebi~
IV abzacSi aRwerilia XIX saukunis holandieli mxatvris _ van gogis erT-

erT naturmortze gamosaxuli sagnebi: skami, Cibuxi, yuTi, xaxvis Reroebi, da
xazgasmulia: es ubralo nivTebi iseTive warmavalia, rogoric TviT adamiani.
kidev ufro mniSvnelovania fraza: van gogis es naturmorti erTgvari
simboluri avtoportretia. aqve SeiZleba gavixsenoT nawyveti van gogis
citatidan: `ferebs Cemeburad viyeneb, raTa ufro energiulad gamovxato
sakuTari Tavi~.
51
teqstSi ar Cans dapirispireba Sua saukuneebisa Tu renesansis periodis
naturmortebze asaxul Rirebulebebsa da van gogis cxovrebiseul Rirebulebebs
Soris, romlebic miniSnebulia IV abzacSi. amitom pasuxis (a) varianti mcdaria.
teqstis II abzacSi saubaria XVII saukunis holandiel mxatvrebze, romlebic
naturmortebze, Cveulebriv, gamosaxavdnen fufunebis sagnebs: vercxlis WurWels,
brolis fialebs, Wrel Taigulebs...
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom van gogis naxati (skami, Cibuxi, yuTi, xaxvi)
erTgvari ironiuli miniSneba iyo XVII saukunis holandiur naturmortebze,
romlebic imdroindeli sazogadoebisTvis materialuri keTildReobis
mniSvnelobaze metyvelebda. safiqrebelia, rom van gogi ar iziarebda
cxovrebiseul Rirebulebebs, romlebzec im periodis mxatvarTa nawarmoebebi
mianiSnebda. Sesabamisad, sworia pasuxis (b) varianti.
teqstSi aSkarad ikveTeba frangi mxatvris eduard manesa da van gogis
erTnairi damokidebuleba mxatvrobisadmi, realobis aRqmisa da gamoxatvis
erTnairi principebi. Tumca aq ar Cans, ra cxovrebiseul Rirebulebebs aniWebda
upiratesobas eduard mane. Sesabamisad, pasuxis (g) varianti araa swori.
rogorc teqstidan vigebT, yoveli feri van gogisTvis sulieri gancdis
simbolo iyo. `mzesumzirebSi~ man urTierTharmoniuli ferebi gamoiyena da es
naturmorti gogens miuZRvna, megobruli grZnobebi rom gamoexata. amitom ar
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom `mzesumzirebSi~ miniSnebul cxovrebiseul
Rirebulebebs ar iziarebda Tavad van gogi.
5. CamoTvlilTagan romel mxatvarTa namuSevrebs SeiZleba vuwodoT `tromp l’ ei~?
(a) zevqsisisa da parasiasis

(b) zevqsisisa da eduard manes
(g) van gogisa da parasiasis
(d) eduard manesa da pol gogenis
miuxedavad imisa, rom `tromp l’ ei~ gviandeli franguli terminia, is

SeiZleba vuwodoT zevqsisisa da parasiasis namuSevrebs. `tromp l’ ei~ niSnavs
`Tvalis motyuebas~. zevqsisis `yurZnis mtevani~ da parasiasis `farda~ mnaxvels
iseT STabeWdilebas uqmnida, TiTqos Tvalwin realuri sagnebi iyo. Sesabamisad,
sworia pasuxis (a) varianti.
manesa da van gogs usulo sagnebis meSveobiT SeeZloT sakuTari grZnobebis,
ganwyobilebis gamoxatva. maTi mizani ar yofila maqsimaluri realisturobis
miRweva _ Tvalis motyueba. gogenis naxatebze am teqstSi araferia naTqvami, arc
mis Sexedulebebze mxatvrobis Sesaxeb, Tumca bolo abzacSi vigebT, rom gogeni
van gogis megobaria da miniSnebaa ùrTierTharmoniulobaze~. savaraudod,
gogensac ar unda hqonoda van gogisagan gansxvavebuli mxatvruli principebi. ase
rom, verc manes, verc van gogis da verc gogenis naxatebs ver vuwodebT `tromp
l’ eis~. Sesabamisad, pasuxis (d) varianti ar aris swori, xolo (b) da (g)
variantebi mxolod nawilobrivaa marTebuli.
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6. teqstSi moyvanilia ori mxatvris citata. ra aqvT saerTo maT avtorebs?
(a) isini umetesad urTierTharmoniuli ferebiT xatavdnen naturmortebs, raTa

SeeqmnaT simboluri avtoportretebi
(b) maTTvis ferebs konkretuli emociuri faseuloba hqonda, amitom iseT ferebs
iyenebdnen, romlebic obieqtur realobas Seesabameboda
(g) isini cdilobdnen grZnobis, ganwyobilebis, sulieri mdgomareobis gamoxatvas
usulo sagnebis meSveobiT
(d) tiloze isini gamosaxavdnen, ZiriTadad, ubralo nivTebs, amqveyniuri
cxovrebis warmavlobaze rom mieniSnebinaT
teqstSi moyvanilia manesa da van gogis citatebi: citatebidan Cans, rom

orive mxatvars SeeZlo sakuTari grZnobebis, ganwyobilebis, sulieri
mdgomareobis gamoxatva usulo sagnebis meSveobiT. van gogis SemTxvevaSi es
naturmortebis magaliTiTac dasturdeba. Sesabamisad, sworia pasuxis (g)
varianti.
teqstSi urTierTharmoniuli ferebis gamoyenebasa da simbolur
avtoportretze mxolod van gogTan mimarTebaSia saubari. am TvalsazrisiT
manesTan mis msgavsebaze ar SegviZlia raimes Tqma. amitom pasuxis (a) varianti
mcdaria.
manesa da van gogisTvis ferebs konkretuli emociuri faseuloba hqonda,
amitom isini iseT ferebs iyenebdnen, romlebic sakuTar sulier gancdebs
Seesabameboda da ara – obieqtur realobas. Sesabamisad, arc pasuxis (b) variantia
swori.
pasuxis (d) varianti, (g) variantis msgavsad, mxolod van gogs exeba. teqstis
mixedviT, maneze imis Tqma ar SegviZlia, rom, ZiriTadad, ubralo nivTebs xatavda
amqveyniuri cxovrebis warmavlobaze misaniSneblad. Sesabamisad, pasuxis (d)
variantic ar aris swori.
7. qvemoT warmodgenil winadadebebSi mokledaa Camoyalibebuli ama Tu im

abzacis Sinaarsi (maTi rigiTi nomeri, SesaZloa, ar emTxveodes teqstSi abzacebis
Tanmimdevrobas):
1. miTiTebulia Zireuli gardatexa am Janris gaazrebaSi
2. dazustebulia am Janris axleburi koncefcia erT-erTi mxatvris
Semoqmedebis safuZvelze
3. mimoxilulia epoqaTa mixedviT am Janris daniSnulebis cvla
4. ganmartebulia saxviTi xelovnebis erT-erTi Janris arsi
romel abzacebs Seesabameba es winadadebebi anu pasuxis variantebidan romelia

marTebuli?
(a) I abzaci _ 3, II abzaci _ 2, III abzaci _ 4, IV abzaci _ 1
(b) I abzaci _ 4, II abzaci _ 2, III abzaci _ 3, IV abzaci _ 1
(g) I abzaci _ 3, II abzaci _ 1, III abzaci _ 2, IV abzaci _ 4
(d) I abzaci _ 4, II abzaci _ 3, III abzaci _ 1, IV abzaci _ 2
53
I abzacSi dasaxelebulia mxatvrobis erT-erTi Janri _ naturmorti,
axsnilia am Janris arsi da ganmartebulia sityva `naturmortis~ mniSvneloba.
ase rom, I abzacs Seesabameba me-4 winadadeba (ganmartebulia saxviTi xelovnebis
erT-erTi Janris arsi).
II abzacSi mimoxilulia naturmortis, rogorc Janris daniSnuleba
antikuri xanidan renesansamde, gamokveTilia misi cvalebadoba. ase rom, II abzacs
Seesabameba me-3 winadadeba (mimoxilulia epoqaTa mixedviT am Janris daniSnulebis
cvla).
III abzacSi warmodgenilia XIX saukunemde arsebuli Sexedulebebi
naturmortis Sesaxeb. aRniSnulia am Janris gaazrebaSi mniSvnelovani cvlileba,
romelic Tavs iCens XIX saukuneSi. saubaria eqsperimentebze, romlebic
ukavSirdeba am Janris axleburad gaazrebas: `xilisa da yvavilebis meSveobiT
mxatvars yvelafris gamoxatva SeuZlia~. ase rom, III abzacs Seesabameba pirveli
winadadeba (miTiTebulia Zireuli gardatexa am Janris gaazrebaSi).
IV abzacSi aRwerilia van gogis ori naturmorti, romelSic avtoris
subieqturi ganwyobilebebi, sulieri gancdebi, emociebia gadmocemuli. garda
amisa, misi sityvebi zustad gamoxatavs naturmortis, rogorc Janris axleburi
koncefciis arss: ìmis nacvlad, rom zustad gamovsaxo is, rasac vxedav, ferebs
Cemeburad viyeneb, raTa ufro energiulad gamovxato sakuTari Tavi~. ase rom, IV
abzacs Seesabameba me-2 winadadeba (dazustebulia am Janris axleburi koncefcia
erT-erTi mxatvris Semoqmedebis safuZvelze).
amrigad, sworia pasuxis (d) varianti.
54
teqsti II
Zveli berZnebis rwmeniT, maTi kulturis aRmavlobamde egeosis zRvis
auzSi wamyvani adgili winaberZnul tomebs ekavaT. berZnuli enis
araindoevropuli elementebis, egeosuri toponimebis* Seswavlam naTeli gaxada,
rom amgvari winare mosaxleoba marTlac unda arsebuliyo. am TvalsazrisiT
mniSvnelovania kunZul kretaze aRmoCenili damwerlobis sistemebis Seswavla.
maTgan yvelaze Zvelia e. w. kretuli _ ieroglifur-piqtografiuli (xatovani)
damwerloba. am sistemis nimuSebi, ZiriTadad, qvis, spilos Zvlisa da liTonis
beWdebze SemogvrCa. zogi mecnieri varaudobs, rom es niSnebi ideogramebs
(damoukidebeli azris mqone simboloebs) warmoadgens, sxvebi ki am sistemas
marcvlovani damwerlobis adreul safexurad miiCneven.
sruliad originaluria kretaze, festos sasaxlis nangrevebSi aRmoCenili
Tixis disko, romlis orive mxares spiralurad amotvifrulia piqtografiuli
niSnebi. isini erTmaneTisgan vertikaluri xazebiT gamoyofil jgufebs qmnis.
gansakuTrebiT saintereso isaa, rom diskoze niSnebi amokawruli an daxatuli ki
ar aris, aramed specialuri, winaswar Camosxmuli liTonis formebiT (figuruli
niSnebiT) aris amotvifruli. es msoflio kulturis istoriaSi moZravi anbanis
gamoyenebis pirveli SemTxvevaa. festos diskos suraTovan niSnebs arc kunZul
kretaze da arc, zogadad, damwerlobis istoriaSi sarwmuno paralelebi ar
moepoveba. isic araa garkveuli, disko adgilobrivi warmoSobisaa, Tu romelime
sxva regionidan aris aq moxvedrili, rogoria damwerlobis sistemis xasiaTi da a. S.
e. w. kretuli damwerlobis ganviTarebis Sedegi unda yofiliyo minosuri**
xazovani damwerloba, romelsac A-xazovans uwodeben. A-xazovani damwerlobiT
Sesrulebuli teqstebi gvxvdeba keramikaze, qvis nivTebze, Tixis firfitebze. A-
xazovani warwerebi jerjerobiT ar aris gaSifruli. dRes mxolod is SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom damwerlobis es sistema marcvlovania.
kretaze aRmoaCines pirveli berZnuli damwerlobis, e. w. B-xazovanis
nimuSebic. es damwerloba A-xazovanis ganviTarebis Sedegs warmoadgens. B-
xazovani warwerebi gaSifra ingliselma mkvlevarma ventrisma. misi Teoriis
dadasturebas xeli Seuwyo cnobili arqeologis, blegenis mier mopovebulma
epigrafikulma masalam. erT axladaRmoCenil firfitaze yovel warweras Tan
axlda sxvadasxva tipis keramikuli WurWlis gamosaxuleba. ventrisis mier
dadgenili B-xazovanis bgeriTi mniSvnelobebiT TiToeul warweraSi ikiTxeboda
Sesabamisi WurWlis berZnuli saxelwodeba, magaliTad, `samfexa~, òTxyura~.
B-xazovani damwerloba iyenebs silabogramebs (marcvlovan niSnebs), romlebic
aRniSnavs xmovans an xmovnisa da Tanxmovnis kompleqss, agreTve ideogramebs. rogorc
Cans, berZnebs minosuri damwerlobis sistema mourgiaT TavianTi enisTvis. maT, erTi
mxriv, ar gamouyenebiaT A-xazovanis zogierTi niSani, xolo, meore mxriv,
daumatebiaT ramdenime axali grafema, romelTac minosuri damwerloba ar icnobs.
B-xazovani gavrcelebula kontinentur saberZneTSic. Tumca sistemis sirTulem,
rogorc Cans, ganapiroba am damwerlobis SezRudulad gamoyeneba. kreta-mikenis
civilizaciis dacemis Semdeg B-xazovani sistema anbanurma damwerlobam Secvala,
romelic, Tavis mxriv, finikiuri damwerlobis safuZvelze Camoyalibda.
*toponimi _ geografiuli adgilis (mTis, soflis, tyis, mindvris da a. S.) saxelwodeba.
**minosi _ kretis miTiuri mefe; kretis winaberZnul kulturas minosursac uwodeben.
55
14. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli mosazreba SeiZleba miviCnioT imis
argumentad, rom egeosis zRvis auzSi berZnuli civilizaciis warmoSobamde
araberZnuli warmomavlobis tomebi saxlobdnen?
(a) kunZul kretaze aRmoCenil warweraTa Sinaarsobrivi mravalferovneba

cxadyofs, rom egeosis zRvis auzSi saxlobdnen sxvadasxva enaze molaparake
tomebi
(b) Zveli berZnebis rwmeniT, maTi kulturis Camoyalibebamde egeosis zRvis auzSi
wamyvan rols winaberZnuli tomebi asrulebdnen
(g) berZnuli indoevropul enaTa jgufs ganekuTvneba, Tumca am enaSi da
saberZneTis geografiuli adgilebis bevr saxelwodebaSi araindoevropuli
elementebia SemorCenili
(d) berZnulenovan samyaroSi uZvelesia e. w. kretuli damwerloba, romelsac
bevri paraleli SeiZleba movuZebnoT sxva civilizaciebSi Seqmnil
damwerlobaTa sistemebTan
SekiTxvebis Tanmimdevroba (msgavsad yvela im teqstis SekiTxvebisa, romlebic

zogadi unarebis testSi gvxvdeba) ZiriTadad mihyveba teqstSi warmodgenili
msjelobis ganviTarebas.
pirvel SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema pirveli abzacis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli.
unda moviZioT argumenti, sabuTi imisa, rom egeosis zRvis auzSi winaberZnuli
(araberZnuli warmomavlobis) tomebi saxlobdnen.
(a) pasuxi ar SeiZleba iyos swori, radgan warwerebis Sinaarsobrivi
mravalferovneba (ris Sesaxebac teqstSi araferia naTqvami) ar ukavSirdeba
sametyvelo enebis (da miT umetes, damwerlobebis) simravles _ Sinaarsobrivad
mravalferovani masala SeiZleba erT enaze molaparake xalxis mier Seqmnil
wyaroebSic Segvxvdes.
(b) pasuxi ar SeiZleba iyos swori, radgan saubaria mxolod berZnebis
Sexedulebaze (maT sjerodaT, rom berZnuli kulturis Camoyalibebamde egeosis
zRvis auzSi wamyvan rols winaberZnuli tomebi asrulebdnen) da araa
warmodgenili mtkicebulebebi da argumentebi am mosazrebis sasargeblod.
davalebis Sesruleba ki swored sabuTis, argumentis moZiebas gulisxmobs.
(g) swori pasuxia. I abzacSi mocemulia Semdegi winadadeba: `berZnuli enis
araindoevropuli elementebis, egeosuri toponimebis Seswavlam naTeli gaxada,
rom amgvari winare mosaxleoba marTlac unda arsebuliyo~. teqstis mixedviT, is,
rom berZnebamde egeosis zRvis auzSi araberZnuli warmomavlobis tomebi
saxlobdnen, dasturdeba berZnul enasa da sxvadasxva geografiuli adgilis
saxelwodebaSi araindoevropuli elementebis arsebobiT.
gamovricxoT (d) pasuxic. is, rom kretul damwerlobas bevri paraleli
SeiZleba hqondes sxva civilizaciaTa damwerlobebTan, arafers gveubneba
konkretulad egeosis zRvis auzSi winaberZnuli tomebis arsebobis Sesaxeb.
amrigad, I SekiTxvaze swori pasuxia (g).
56
15. ra saerTo aqvT e. w. kretul damwerlobasa da festos diskos warwerebs?
(a) orive tipis warwerebi spiralurad aris amotvifruli qvaze, spilos Zvalsa
da Tixis firfitebze
(b) orive damwerlobis niSnebi vertikaluri xazebiT gamoyofil jgufebs qmnis
(g) orive damwerlobis niSnebi damoukidebeli azris mqone simboloebs
warmoadgens
(d) orive tipis werilobiTi niSnebi piqtografiulia _ xatovani damwerlobis
nimuSebs warmoadgens
am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad unda daveyrdnoT I da II abzacebs. pasuxis

variantebSi mocemulia e.w. kretuli damwerlobisa da festos diskos warweris
erTgvari maxasiaTeblebi. orive damwerlobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tavisebureba
pasuxis (d) variantSi gvxvdeba _ kretuli damwerlobis Sesaxeb I abzacSi
vkiTxulobT: `maTgan yvelaze Zvelia e. w. kretuli _ ieroglifur-
piqtografiuli (xatovani) damwerloba~. xolo II abzaci aseTi winadadebiT
iwyeba: `sruliad originaluria kretaze, festos sasaxlis nangrevebSi aRmoCenili
Tixis disko, romlis orive mxares spiralurad amotvifrulia piqtografiuli
niSnebi~.
(a) da (b) pasuxebSi moyvanili Taviseburebebi mxolod festos diskos warweras
axasiaTebs (`Tixis disko, romlis orive mxares spiralurad amotvifrulia
piqtografiuli niSnebi. isini erTmaneTisgan vertikaluri xazebiT gamoyofil
jgufebs qmnis~), xolo (g) pasuxSi mocemuli informacia mxolod kretulisTvis
aris marTebuli _ zogi mecnieri varaudobs, rom es niSnebi ideogramebs
(damoukidebeli azris mqone simboloebs) warmoadgens.
amrigad, swori pasuxia (d).
16. ratom miiCneven festos diskos warwerebs moZravi anbanis gamoyenebis pirvel
nimuSad?
(a) moZravi anbanis calkeuli asoebiT SeiZleba àvawyoT~ sityva, festos diskoze
warwera winaswar Camosxmuli werilobiTi niSnebiTaa amotvifruli
(b) Tanamedrove pedagogikaSi moZrav anbans iyeneben wera-kiTxvis swavlebis sawyis
etapze, kunZul kretazec festos diskos swored amgvari daniSnuleba unda
hqonoda
(g) festos diskoze piqtografiuli niSnebi spiralurad aris amotvifruli,
moZravi anbaniTac SeiZleba spiralurad `davweroT~ sityvebi
(d) kretaze aRmoCenil yvela damwerlobas safuZvlad udevs moZravi anbanis
principi, Tumca festos diskos warweris Sesrulebis teqnika yvelaze
daxvewilia
II abzacSi vkiTxulobT: festos `diskoze niSnebi amokawruli an daxatuli ki

ar aris, aramed specialuri, winaswar Camosxmuli liTonis formebiT (figuruli
niSnebiT) aris amotvifruli~. anu warweris Sesaqmnelad arsebobda sagangebod
damzadebuli figuruli niSnebi, romelTa gamoyeneba, savaraudod, sxvadasxva
57
kombinaciiT (konfiguraciiT) iyo SesaZlebeli. moZravi anbanis daniSnulebac
(principi) swored cal-calke arsebuli niSnebiT (asoebiT) sxvadasxva sityvis
awyobaa. swored amas gveubneba pasuxis (a) varianti. maSasadame, is sworia.
davrwmundeT, rom sxva pasuxebi arasworia:

(b) pasuxSi moyvanili axsna ar eTanxmeba teqstSi mowodebul informacias.
teqstSi araferia naTqvami festos diskos daniSnulebis Sesaxeb.
(g) sityvebis spiralurad `dawera~ ar aris moZravi anbanis ZiriTadi
Tavisebureba. festos diskos warwerisTvis arsebiTia moZravi anbanis mTavari
principis gamoyeneba (paralelic amis safuZvelzea gavlebuli), da ara is, Tu ra
formiTa Tu mimarTulebiT aris niSnebi amotvifruli Tixaze.
(d) pasuxSi mocemuli informaciac araa marTebuli teqstis mixedviT. moZravi
anbanis principiT Sesrulebul sxva warwerebze teqstSi arsadaa saubari, miT
umetes, araferia naTqvami imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra upiratesoba aqvs maTTan SedarebiT
festos diskos warweris Sesrulebis teqnikas.
amrigad, swori pasuxia (a).
17. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ar iyo mniSvnelovani imis dasadastureblad,

rom ventrisma sworad gaSifra B-xazovani damwerloba?
(a) keramikul nakeTobaTa gamosaxulebani axladaRmoCenil firfitaze

(b) keramikuli WurWlis saxeobani
(g) warwerebi axladaRmoCenil firfitaze
(d) WurWlis berZnuli saxelwodebani
am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema IV abzacis safuZvelzea SesaZlebeli. is, rom

ventrisma sworad gaSifra B-xazovani damwerloba, dadasturda blegenis mier
mopovebuli masalis gaSifvris Semdeg. blegenma miakvlia firfitas, romelzec
mocemuli iyo rogorc warwerebi, aseve maTi ìlustraciebi~ _ keramikuli
WurWlis gamosaxulebani. warwerebs ventrisis mier dadgenili B-xazovanis
bgeriTi mniSvnelobebi miusadages da amgvarad amoikiTxes TiToeul warweraSi mis
gverdiT gamosaxuli WurWlis berZnuli saxelwodeba. amiT dadasturda, rom
ventriss sworad gauSifravs B-xazovani damwerloba. rogorc vxedavT, mTel am
procesSi monawileobda Tavad warwerebi, am warwerebis Sesabamisi keramikuli
WurWlis gamosaxulebebi da maTi berZnuli dasaxelebebi. warweraTa
amokiTxvisTvis principuli mniSvneloba ar hqonda imas, `samfexa~ iqneboda
gamosaxuli firfitaze, òTxyura~, Tu sxva romelime WurWeli. mTavari iyo,
warwerisa (anu WurWlis saxelwodebis) da WurWlis gamosaxulebis
urTierTSesabamisoba.
mocemuli davalebis swori pasuxi isaa, romelSic warmodgenili òbieqti~ ar
iyo mniSvnelovani ventrisis aRmoCenisTvis. aseTi pasuxia (b).
58
18. minosurs uwodeben:
(a) mTel berZnul kulturas, radgan minosi iyo Zveli saberZneTis miTiuri mefe
(b) A-xazovan da B-xazovan damwerlobebs, radgan orive kretaze Seiqmna minosis
mefobis dros
(g) A-xazovan damwerlobas, radgan es sistema winaberZnul civilizaciaSi unda
Seqmniliyo
(d) B-xazovan damwerlobas, radgan es damwerloba berZnulia, minosi ki
winaberZnuli mosaxleobis miTologiuri gmiria
am SekiTxvis savaraudo pasuxebi III _ V abzacebsa da erT-erT sqolios

ukavSirdeba.
teqstis III abzacSi erTmniSvnelovnad aris naTqvami, rom minosuri
damwerloba A-xazovani damwerlobaa (è. w. kretuli damwerlobis ganviTarebis
Sedegi unda yofiliyo minosuri xazovani damwerloba, romelsac A-xazovans
uwodeben~). Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (g).
davrwmundeT imaSi, rom (g) erTaderTi swori pasuxia.
(a) pasuxi araa swori, radgan minosi iyo ara Zveli saberZneTis, aramed kretis
miTiuri mefe. rogorc sqolioSia naTqvami, minosurs ara berZnul, aramed
winaberZnul (berZnebamde arsebul) kulturas uwodeben.
(b) B-xazovani damwerloba berZnuli damwerlobaa (`kretaze aRmoaCines
pirveli berZnuli damwerlobis, e. w. B-xazovanis nimuSebic~) da mas ar SeiZleba
minosuri vuwodoT, radgan, rogorc zemoT vTqviT, minosi winaberZnuli
civilizaciis miTiuri mefea da ara sakuTriv berZnuli civilizaciisa.
(d) es pasuxi urTierTsawinaaRmdego debulebebs Seicavs _ minosurs uwodeben
B-xazovan damwerlobas, radgan es damwerloba berZnulia, minosi ki winaberZnuli
mosaxleobis miTologiuri gmiria. swori iqneboda gveTqva: `minosurs ver
vuwodebT B-xazovan damwerlobas, radgan es damwerloba berZnulia, minosi ki
winaberZnuli mosaxleobis miTologiuri gmiria~.
19. cnobilia, rom kunZul kviprosze aRmoCnda e. w. kviprominosuri anu C-

xazovani damwerloba, romelic ganviTarebis istoriiTa da xasiaTiT B-xazovani
damwerlobis analogiuria. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis garda, C-xazovan
damwerlobas iyenebdnen kviprosze gadmosaxlebuli berZnebic.
Tu am informacias teqstSi mocemul cnobebs davukavSirebT, davaskvniT:

(a) C-xazovani damwerloba xatovania, rogorc e. w. kretuli; aqac gaurkvevelia,
C-xazovanis niSnebi ideogramebs warmoadgens Tu marcvlovani damwerlobis
adreuli safexuria
(b) C-xazovani damwerloba piqtografiulia, rogorc festos diskos warwera, Tumca
C-xazovanis nimuSebi winaswar damzadebuli specialuri matricebiT aris
amotvifruli
(g) C-xazovani damwerloba A-xazovanis ganviTarebis Sedegs warmoadgens, amasTan,
isic iyenebs marcvlovan niSnebs da ideogramebs _ cnebis aRmniSvnel pirobiT
werilobiT niSnebs
(d) C-xazovani damwerloba B-xazovanis ganviTarebis Sedegs warmoadgens, amasTan,
isic marcvlovani sistemaa da isic kontinentur saberZneTSi gavrcelebula
59
am davalebaSi mocemulia informacia damwerlobis kidev erTi tipis Sesaxeb,
romelsac ver vxvdebiT teqstSi. imisaTvis, rom SekiTxvas vupasuxoT, es
informacia teqstSi moyvanil faqtebTan unda SevajeroT. davalebaSi
warmodgenili informaciis Tanaxmad, C-xazovani damwerloba ganviTarebis
istoriiTa da xasiaTiT B-xazovani damwerlobis analogiuria, msgavsia. B-
xazovanis Sesaxeb teqstSi vkiTxulobT: `kretaze aRmoaCines pirveli berZnuli
damwerlobis, e. w. B-xazovanis nimuSebic. es damwerloba A-xazovanis ganviTarebis
Sedegs warmoadgens~ (IV abzaci). aseve: `B-xazovani iyenebs silabogramebs
(marcvlovan niSnebs), romlebic aRniSnavs xmovans an xmovnisa da Tanxmovnis
kompleqss, agreTve ideogramebs~ (V abzaci). yovelive es Tavmoyrilia pasuxis (g)
variantSi. Sesabamisad, is aris swori.
(a) da (b) pasuxebi C-xazovani damwerlobis A-xazovanTan msgavsebaze metyvelebs
da ara B-xazovanTan. (d) pasuxis mixedviT, C-xazovani damwerloba ganviTarebis
istoriiT B-xazovanis analogiuri ar yofila, piriqiT, is misgan ganviTarebula.
amrigad, swori pasuxia (g).
20. teqstis safuZvelze unda vivaraudoT, rom:
(a) B-xazovani damwerloba Seiqmna minosur kretaze, Tumca sistemis sirTulis

gamo igi ver gavrcelda kontinentur saberZneTSi
(b) berZnebma racionaluri midgoma gamoiCines minosuri werilobiTi tradiciebis
mimarT: gamoiyenes A-xazovanis yvela niSani da mas daumates ramdenime axali
grafema anbanuri damwerlobidan
(g) winaberZnuli tomebis mier Seqmnili B-xazovani damwerloba safuZvlad daedo
anbanuri damwerlobis ganviTarebas
(d) minosuri damwerlobis (kretulis da A-xazovanis) gaSifvram SesaZloa
gadaWras egeosis zRvis auzSi berZnebamde mosaxle araindoevropuli
warmomavlobis xalxis eTnikuri vinaobis sakiTxi
bolo, erTgvarad, Semajamebel SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema mTeli teqstis

gaazrebas, damwerlobaTa Sesaxeb mocemuli cnobebis urTierTdakavSirebas
moiTxovs. ganvixiloT pasuxis TiToeuli varianti:
(a) pasuxSi moyvanili faqti ar Seesabameba teqstSi B-xazovani damwerlobis
Sesaxeb mocemul cnobebs. minosuri kreta winaberZnuli civilizaciis droindel
kretas aRniSnavs, B-xazovani ki berZnuli damwerlobaa. garda amisa, teqstSi
naTqvamia, rom is kontinentur saberZneTSic gavrcelebula (V abzaci).
(b) V abzacSi saubaria imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor Camoyalibda B-xazovani
damwerloba A-xazovanis safuZvelze. kerZod, berZnebs àr gamouyenebiaT A-
xazovanis zogierTi niSani~. xolo axal niSnebs anbanuri damwerlobidan ver
gadmoiRebdnen, radgan B-xazovani mxolod silabogramebsa da ideogramebs iyenebs
(amasTan, im droisTvis anbanuri damwerlobis arsebobis Sesaxeb teqstSi araferia
naTqvami). pasuxis am variantSi ki es movlena arasworadaa asaxuli.
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(g) pasuxi araa swori, radgan, rogorc ukve bevrjer iTqva, B-xazovani
damwerloba berZnulia, berZnebis mier aris Seqmnili da ara winaberZnuli
tomebis mier (winaberZnuli A-xazovani damwerlobaa).
(d) swori pasuxia. teqstis dasawyisSi dasmulia sakiTxi egeosis zRvis auzSi
mosaxle winaberZnuli tomebis arsebobis Sesaxeb. A-xazovani damwerloba swored
winaberZnul civilizaciaSia Seqmnili (mas minosursac uwodeben). teqstSi isicaa
naTqvami, rom es damwerloba jer gauSifravia. misi gaSifvra _ A-xazovaniT
Sesrulebuli warwerebis amokiTxva _ mniSvnelovan informacias miawvdida
mecnierebs misi Semqmneli xalxis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. maSasadame, teqsti
namdvilad iZleva (d) pasuxSi mocemuli varaudis gamoTqmis safuZvels.
zogadi rekomendaciebi wakiTxuli teqstis gaazrebisTvis:

• yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqsti. SeecadeT, gaiazroT misi ZiriTadi idea;
• SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema daiwyeT mxolod mas Semdeg, rac teqstis
Sinaarsi TqvenTvis mTlianad gasagebi iqneba;
• sanam pasuxs gascemdeT SekiTxvas, yuradRebiT waikiTxeT teqstis is nawili,
romelsac uSualod exeba es SekiTxva (zogjer teqstSi Sesabamisi monakveTis
moZiebis gasaadvileblad SekiTxvaSi miTiTebulia abzacis nomeri);
• yuradRebiT ganixileT oTxive savaraudo pasuxi. nu SemoxazavT pirvelsave
variants, romelic sworad mogeCvenebaT, sanam danarCen variantebsac ar
ganixilavT;
• pasuxis esa Tu is varianti SeiZleba swori iyos logikis TvalsazrisiT,
magram mcdari _ mocemuli teqstis mixedviT. amitom, sanam pasuxs
airCevdeT, erTxel kidev waikiTxeT (SeamowmeT) teqstis Sesabamisi monakveTi
da airCieT is pasuxi, romelic marTebulia konteqstis mixedviT;
• moiZieT teqstSi TiToeuli pasuxis marTebulobisa Tu umarTebulobis
damadasturebeli argumentebi;
• pasuxi maSinac SeiZleba CaiTvalos mcdarad, rodesac is mxolod
nawilobrivaa marTebuli (nawilobriv pasuxobs SekiTxvas), amitom yvela
savaraudo pasuxi guldasmiT ganixileT.
61
adamianis da futkris ynosvis organoTa anatomiuri agebuleba sruliad

sxvadasxvaa. miuxedavad amisa, futkrebi TiTqmis iseve SeigrZnoben suns, rogorc
adamianebi, Tumca futkars ufro gafaqizebuli aqvs ynosva yvavilTa surnelis
mimarT. futkrebs davudgaT ramdenime fiala, romelTagan mxolod erTSi asxia
Tafli. am fialas lavandis esencia wavusvaT. mas Semdeg, rac futkrebi ramdenjerme
SeWamen Tafls fialidan, SevcvaloT fialebis ganlageba, amasTan, arc erT maTganSi
Tafli aRar CavasxaT. Tu futkari mainc uSecdomod moZebnis lavandissurnelian
fialas, maSin unda vigulisxmoT, rom igi suniT cnobs mas. Semdeg cdaSi lavandis
surneli SevcvaloT sxva, misi msgavsi surneliT. Tu futkari dajdeba am fialaze,
unda vivaraudoT, rom igi or msgavs surnels erTmaneTisgan ver ganasxvavebs; Tu
ar dajdeba _ safiqrebelia, rom is ganasxvavebs maT. ase TandaTanobiT, surnelisa
da misi intensivobis cvliT, SeiZleba futkris ynosviTi unaris gamokvleva.
cnobilia, rom mzveravi futkrebi àcnobeben~ mTel skas sakvebiT mdidari
adgilebis Sesaxeb, garkveuli moZraobebiT mianiSneben manZilsa da mimarTulebas,
romelsac mzis mixedviT gansazRvraven. am dros futkrebi ulvaSebiT exebian
mzveravis mucels da, rogorc Cans, SeigrZnoben yvavilis (magaliTad, akaciis)
surnels, romliTac gaJRenTilia igi. isini zustad gansazRvruli `sahaero gzebiT~
mieSurebian neqtris Sesagroveblad. frenisas futkrebi ar miaqceven yuradRebas sxva
yvavilebs, ar Sexedaven ayvavebul wablis xes, Tundac is maT gzaze idges.
sainteresoa, samyaro futkrebisTvis iseTive feradovania, rogoric CvenTvis,
Tu Sav-TeTri fotografiis msgavsia? karl fon friSma 1956 wels Caatara
eqsperimenti, romlis saSualebiTac daadgina, rom futkrebs aqvT feris SegrZnebis
unari. magidaze daawyves erTi lurji da ramdenime sxvadasxva tonis ruxi feris
firfita. lurj firfitaze futkris mosazidad cotaodeni Tafli daasxes da is
magidis centrSi moaTavses. mas Semdeg, rac futkarma lurji firfitidan Tafli
SeWama, is Secvales imave feris axali firfitiT, romelic amjerad magidis kidesTan
dades. rux firfitebs Soris iyo ramdenime iseTi firfita, romelTa garCeva
lurjisgan SeuZlebeli iqneboda Sav-TeTr fotoze. futkars feris SegrZnebis
unari rom ar hqonoda, yvela am firfitasTan mifrindeboda, magram aRmoCnda, rom
man lurji firfita danarCenebisgan advilad gamoarCia.
cdebiTve gairkva, rom futkari ver xedavs zogierT fers, romelsac Cven
SevigrZnobT, magaliTad, wiTels; samagierod, xedavs ultraiisfer sxivebs, romlebic
uxilavia adamianis TvalisTvis: futkari sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvams or TeTr dafas,
romelTagan erTi ultraiisferi sxivebis amreklavi TeTri saRebaviTaa SeRebili,
meore ki _ am sxivebis STanmTqmeli TeTri saRebaviT, Tumca adamianis mier orive
dafis feri erTnairad aRiqmeba. ultraiisfer sxivebs yvelaze Zlierad ireklavs
TeTri yvavilebi da amitom isini futkrebisTvis mkveTrad gamoirCeva foTlebis
fonze, romlebic maTTvis Ria ruxi ferisaa.
futkrebis unarze, SeigrZnon ultraiisferi gamosxiveba, miuTiTebs isic, rom
maT mzis mixedviT orientireba Rrublian amindSic SeuZliaT. mzis
adgilmdebareobas isini gansazRvraven ultraiisferi sxivebiT, romlebsac Rrublebi
ver akavebs. Tu im mxridan, saiTac mzea, futkrebs davudgamT filtrs, romelic
ultraiisfer sxivebs ar atarebs, isini ver SeZleben mzis mixedviT orientirebas.
62
1. I abzacSi aRwerili cdebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba iTqvas:
(a) futkari iseve SeigrZnobs yvavilTa surnels, rogorc adamiani, amitom
yvavilis surnelisa da misi intensivobis cvliT SegviZlia futkris
SegrZnebaTa kvleva
(b) miuxedavad imisa, rom adamianisa da futkris ynosvis organoTa anatomiuri
agebuleba gansxvavebulia, I abzacSi aRwerili cdebi gviCvenebs, rom futkrebi
zustad iseve SeigrZnoben suns, rogorc adamianebi
(g) futkari or msgavs surnels erTmaneTisgan ver ganasxvavebs, surnelis
intensivobis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi ki man, savaraudod, unda SeZlos maTi
garCeva
(d) miuxedavad imisa, rom I abzacSi cdebis Sedegebi ar aris warmodgenili,
zustad aris miTiTebuli is gza, romlis meSveobiTac unda davadginoT
futkris erT-erTi SegrZnebis Taviseburebani
2. `futkrebi ar miaqceven yuradRebas sxva yvavilebs, ar Sexedaven ayvavebul wablis

xes, Tundac is maT gzaze idges~, radgan:
(a) isini zustad gansazRvruli `sahaero gzebiT~ mieSurebian neqtris
Sesagroveblad
(b) maT erTi mizani aqvT: neqtris asaRebad im yvavilebTan unda mifrindnen,
romelTa Sesaxeb maT mzveravma futkarma acnoba
(g) ulvaSebiT Sexebisas futkari SeigrZnobs mxolod zogierTi yvavilis surnels
im surnelTagan, romlebiTac gaJRenTilia mzveravi futkari
(d) isini mifrinaven sakvebiT ufro mdidari adgilebisken, vidre _ wablis xe da
mis irgvliv arsebuli garemoa
3. feris SegrZnebis unari rom ar hqonoda:

(a) futkari ruxsa da lurj firfitebs erTmaneTisgan feriT mainc ganarCevda,
Tu Tafls mxolod rux firfitebze daasxamdnen
(b) futkrisTvis xiluli samyaro Sav-TeTri fotografiis msgavsi iqneboda, mas
ruxi feris gansxvavebuli tonebis garCevac ki gauWirdeboda
(g) futkari im rux firfitebTanac mifrindeboda, romelTa feris intensivoba
lurjisas daemTxveoda
(d) futkrisTvis lurji firfitis amocnoba mainc SesaZlebeli iqneboda, Tu mas,
centris nacvlad, magidis kuTxeSi movaTavsebdiT
4. teqstis mixedviT, ar SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom:

(a) futkrisTvis advilia balaxSi iebis feris gamorCeva
(b) futkrisTvis araa advili gvirilebisa da iebis ferebis erTmaneTisgan garCeva
(g) futkrisTvis advilia gvirilebisa da yayaCoebis ferebis erTmaneTisgan garCeva
(d) futkrisTvis araa advili balaxSi yayaCos feris gamorCeva
63
5. III abzaci iwyeba SekiTxviT. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli pasuxobs mas?
(a) friSis eqsperimentiT dadginda, rom futkrebs aqvT feris SegrZnebis unari,
ufro metic, isini im sxivebsac xedaven, romlebic adamianis TvalisTvis
uxilavia
(b) friSis eqsperimentiT dadginda, rom futkrebi xedaven mxolod erTnairi
intensivobis ferebs, Tumca TeTri feri maTTvis mkveTrad gamoirCeva
(g) TeTri dafebis epizodi cxadyofs, rom futkrebi adamianisgan gansxvavebulad
aRiqvamen ferebs, xiluli samyaro maTTvis Sav-TeTr fotografias emsgavseba
(d) TeTri dafebis epizodi cxadyofs, rom futkrebi erTmaneTisgan ver ganarCeven
sxvadasxva fers, Tumca xedaven ultraiisfer sxivebs, amitom samyaro maTTvis
ar emsgavseba Sav-TeTr fotografias
6. romeli mosazreba SeiZleba miviCnioT marTebulad, teqstis mixedviT?

(a) radgan futkrebi mzis mixedviT orientireben, maT uWirT Rrublian amindSi
sakvebiT mdidari adgilebis zustad miniSneba
(b) raki Rrublian amindSi mzis adgilmdebareobas futkrebi gansazRvraven
ultraiisferi sxivebiT, unda vifiqroT, rom Rrublebi ver akavebs am sxivebs
(g) radgan futkrebs ar uWirT Rrublian amindSi orientireba, unda vifiqroT,
rom maT adamianis msgavsi mxedvelobiTi SegrZnebis unari aqvT
(d) Tu im mxridan, saiTac mzea, ar davdgamT ultraiisferi sxivebis Semakavebel
filtrs, es sxivebi adamianisTvisac xiluli gaxdeba
7. romel or abzacs aqvs analogiuri funqcia teqstSi?

(a) II da V
(b) II da IV
(g) II da III
(d) I da V
64
maTematikuri nawili
testis maTematikuri nawili Sedgeba raodenobrivi xasiaTis davalebebisgan.

am davalebebis meSveobiT mowmdeba:
• ricxvebiTa da sxva maTematikuri cnebebiT operirebis unari;
• sxvadasxva saxiT (cxrili, grafiki, diagrama da a.S.) warmodgenil
monacemTa analizis unari.
davalebebi moicavs maTematikis sxvadasxva sferos (ariTmetika, algebra,

geometria, monacemTa analizi) da oTxi sxvadasxvagvari formiTaa Camoyalibebuli:
1. raodenobrivi Sedareba;
2. amocanebi;
3. monacemTa sakmarisoba;
4. cxrilis, diagramis an grafikis saxiT warmodgenil monacemTa analizi.
sxvadasxva formiT mocemuli davalebebi sxvadasxvagvar midgomas moiTxovs,
amitom ramdenime nimuSs detalurad ganvixilavT.
qvemoT miTiTebulia yvela ZiriTadi cneba da sakiTxi, romlebic SeiZleba

SegxvdeT testis maTematikuri nawilis davalebebSi (ix. gv. 88_91).
raodenobrivi Sedareba (10-11 davaleba)
am tipis davalebebSi A da B svetebSi mocemulia raodenobebi, romelTac

zogjer Tan axlavs damatebiTi informacia.
amgvar davalebaTa Sesrulebisas mogeTxovebaT A svetSi miTiTebuli
raodenobis Sedareba B svetis imave striqonSi miTiTebul raodenobasTan. yovel
davalebas axlavs oTxi savaraudo pasuxi.
raodenobaTa TiToeuli Sedareba testis damoukidebel davalebad iTvleba.
testSi raodenobrivi Sedarebis davalebebs axlavs amgvari instruqcia:
SeadareT erTmaneTs A da B svetebis ujrebSi mocemuli raodenobebi.

Tu A svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia B svetis Sesabamis ujraSi
mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (a);
Tu B svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia A svetis Sesabamis ujraSi
mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (b);
Tu ujrebSi mocemuli raodenobebi tolia, airCieT (g);
Tu mocemuli informacia sakmarisi araa imis dasadgenad, romeli raodenobaa
meti, airCieT (d).
65
A B
Tornikem, sandrom, sofom da anam soko Seagroves.

gogonebma imdenive soko Seagroves, ramdenic _
biWebma. anam Seagrova yvelaze meti soko.
Tornikes mier sofos mier

1. (a) (b) (g) (d)
Segrovebuli sokos Segrovebuli sokos
raodenoba raodenoba
raki anam Seagrova yvelaze meti soko, amitom sofos mier Segrovebuli
sokos raodenoba iqneba yvelaze naklebi. marTlac, Tuki sofos mier
Segrovebuli sokos raodenoba iqneba romelime biWis mier Segrovebuli sokos
raodenobis toli an masze meti, maSin gogonebis mier Segrovebuli sokos
raodenoba meti gamova biWebis mier Segrovebuli sokos raodenobaze. es ki
SeuZlebelia, radgan, pirobis Tanaxmad, gogonebma imdenive soko Seagroves,
ramdenic _ biWebma. maSasadame, sofos Seugrovebia yvelaze naklebi raodenobis
soko, kerZod, ufro naklebi, vidre _ Tornikes. Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (a).
nikam kibis safexurebi gadanomra. pirvel safexurs

man daawera ricxvi 1, meores _ 2 da ase Semdeg.
yvela safexuris dasanomrad, sxva cifrebTan erTad,
2. mas sul 5 cali 3-ianis dawera dasWirda.
(a) (b) (g) (d)
kibis safexurebis
31
raodenoba
pirveli 3-iani nikas dasWirdeboda me-3 safexuris dasanomrad, meore _ me-13

safexurisa, mesame _ 23-e safexurisa, meoTxe _ 30-e safexurisa, xolo mexuTe _
31-e safexurisa. raki momdevno, 32-e safexuris dasanomrad kidev erTi 3-iania
saWiro, nikas ki yvela safexuris dasanomrad sul 5 cali 3-ianis dawera
dasWirda, amitom kibis safexurebis raodenoba 31-is toli yofila. Sesabamisad,
swori pasuxia (g).
gias xelfasi nikas xelfasis naxevarze 250 lariT

3. metia. (a) (b) (g) (d)
gias xelfasi nikas xelfasi
zogierTi davalebis amoxsnaSi dagvexmareba konkretuli SemTxvevebis ganxilva.

raki gias xelfasi nikas xelfasis naxevarze 250 lariT metia, amitom jer
ganvixiloT SemTxveva, roca nikas xelfasis naxevari zustad 250 laris tolia.
am SemTxvevaSi nikas xelfasi iqneba 2 · 250 = 500 lari. gias xelfasi ki _ 250 + 250
66
= 500 lari, rac nikas xelfasis tolia. ese igi, gias da nikas SeiZleba Tanabari
odenobis xelfasi hqondeT.
ganvixiloT axla SemTxveva, roca nikas xelfasis naxevari 250 larze
naklebia, magaliTad, roca nikas xelfasis naxevari 200 laris tolia. maSin nikas
xelfasi iqneba 2 · 200 = 400 lari, xolo giasi _ 200 + 250 = 450 lari, rac nikas
xelfasze metia. ese igi, gias xelfasi SeiZleba meti iyos nikas xelfasze.
maSasadame, gias xelfasi SeiZleba iyos nikas xelfasis tolic da masze
metic. Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (d).
SevniSnoT, rom gias xelfasi nikas xelfasze naklebic SeiZleba iyos.
magaliTad, Tu nikas xelfasis naxevari 300 laris tolia. maSin nikas xelfasi
iqneba 2 · 300 = 600 lari, xolo giasi _ 300 + 250 = 550 lari, rac nikas xelfasze
naklebia.
ABCD paralelogramis perimetri 20 sm-ia;

MNPQ kvadratis perimetri 8 sm-ia. (a) (b) (g) (d)
4.
ABCD paralelogramis MNPQ kvadratis
farTobi farTobi
cxadia, MNPQ kvadratis gverdis sigrZea 2 sm, farTobi ki _ 4 sm2. rac

Seexeba ABCD paralelogramis farTobs, mis gamosaTvlelad mocemuli
informacia araa sakmarisi. magaliTad, ganvixiloT iseTi ABCD paralelogramebi,
romelTa TiToeuli gverdis sigrZea 5 sm. yoveli maTganis perimetri iqneba 20
sm, magram maTi farTobebi toli ar iqneba. aseTi paralelogramebis simaRle h
icvleba 0-dan 5 sm-mde (ix. naxazi).
Sesabamisad, maTi farTobic SeiZleba
iyos nebismieri sidide 0-idan 25 sm2-mde.
amitom ABCD paralelogramis farTobi
MNPQ kvadratis farTobze naklebic
SeiZleba iyos, tolic da metic.
maSasadame, swori pasuxia (d).
x da y nebismieri dadebiTi ricxvebia. Tu x ≠ y ,

maSin x ∗ y aRniSnavs am ricxvebs Soris umciress,
xolo Tu x = y , maSin x ∗ y = x . (a) (b) (g) (d)
5.
(x ∗ 7 ) + ( y ∗ 9) x + y +1
aq *-iT aRniSnulia axali operacia, romelic moiTxovs, SearCioT or

ricxvs Soris umciresi. magaliTad, 5 ∗ 7 = 5 .
radganac or ricxvs Soris umciresi ar aRemateba TiToeul maTgans, amitom
x ∗ 7 ≤ x , xolo y ∗ 9 ≤ y . maSin (x ∗ 7 ) + ( y ∗ 9 ) ≤ x + y . es ukanaskneli ki naklebia
( x + y + 1 ) -ze. amitom swori pasuxia (b).
67

meti, airCieT (d).
A B p a s u x i
1. 8 7 (a) (b) (g) (d)

88 77
3 kg msxali 4,2 lari Rirs.

2.
10 kg msxlis Rirebuleba 13 lari (a) (b) (g) (d)
klasSi sul 35 moswavlea. moswavleTa 3 nawili

5
gogonaa, xolo gogonaTa 2 nawili _ Savgvremania.
3
3. (a) (b) (g) (d)
am klasSi Savgvreman 15
gogonaTa raodenoba
Saqris Warxlidan miRebuli Saqris wona Warxlis

wonis 13%-ia, xolo Saqris lerwmidan miRebuli
Saqris wona _ lerwmis wonis 15%.
4.
Saqris wona, rome- Saqris wona, rome-
lic miiReba 50 kg lic miiReba 40 kg (a) (b) (g) (d)
Saqris Warxlisgan Saqris lerwmisgan
68
5.
b < 0 (a) (b) (g) (d)
12 −3
b b
n naturaluri ricxvia.
6. 27 · 9n 32 n + 3 (a) (b) (g) (d)
a =1− b
7. (a) (b) (g) (d)
a 2 − b2 a−b
12 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 5 erTnairi naTuris naTebi-

sas ixarjeba 40 TeTris Rirebulebis eleqtroenergia.
8. 8 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 8 aseTive (a) (b) (g) (d)

naTuris naTebisas daxarjuli 50 TeTri
eleqtroenergiis Rirebuleba
nebismieri x ricxvisaTvis (x )∗ -iT aRniSnulia

umciresi mTeli ricxvi, romelic metia x ricxvze.
9.
(x )* + (3,4)* (x + 3,4)* (a) (b) (g) (d)
tolgverda samkuTxedis gverdis sigrZe metia

kvadratis gverdis sigrZeze.
samkuTxedis kvadratis
10. perimetri perimetri (a) (b) (g) (d)
marTkuTxedis farTobia 24 sm2. ABC samkuTxedis ori

wvero am marTkuTxedis mcire gverdebis
Suawertilebs emTxveva, xolo mesame wvero marT-
kuTxedis did gverdze mdebareobs.
11. ABC samkuTxedis farTobi (a) (b) (g) (d)
6 sm2
69
tolujredebiani badis erTi
ujredis sigrZec da siganec
1 sm-is tolia. gamuqebuli
oTxkuTxedis wveroebi am badis
12. kvanZebSi mdebareobs (ix. naxazi) (a) (b) (g) (d)
am oTxkuTxedis farTobi 12 kv. sm
ABCD marTkuTxedis AB gverdis sigrZe metia BC

gverdis sigrZeze.
13.
AB gverdiTa da AC (a) (b) (g) (d)
diagonaliT Sedgenili 40°
maxvili kuTxis sidide
mocemulia piramida, romelsac sul 8 wibo aqvs.
am piramidis
14. wveroebis raodenoba 5 (a) (b) (g) (d)
zrdis mixedviT dalagebuli nebismieri xuTi ricxvis

mediana am ricxvebidan Sua ricxvis tolia.
15. mocemulia zrdis mixedviT dalagebuli xuTwevriani (a) (b) (g) (d)
mimdevroba, romlis meore wevri 17-ze metia.
am mimdevrobis
mediana 17
70
amocanebi (18-21 davaleba)
am saxis davalebebi Tqven SegxvedriaT maTematikis saskolo
saxelmZRvaneloebSi.
amocanebi pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoT wminda maTematikur da yofiTi
Sinaarsis amocanebad. wminda maTematikuri amocanebi Camoyalibebulia maTematikuri
terminebis saSualebiT. yofiTi Sinaarsis amocanebi sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul
problemas ukavSirdeba. maT gadasaWrelad mizanSewonilia amocanis pirobis
gamoxatva maTematikuri terminebis meSveobiT da maTematikuri modelis Seqmna.
TiToeul amocanas axlavs xuTi savaraudo pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod
erTia swori.
1. TamTam 42 cali fanqari ramdenime kolofSi Caawyo: zogSi _ 2 cali, zogSi _ 3.
CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos im kolofTa raodenoba, romlebSic
3 fanqaria?
(a) 9
(b) 10
(g) 11
(d) 13
(e) 14
risi tolic unda iyos im kolofebis raodenoba, romlebSic TamTam or-
ori fanqari Caawyo, maTSi Cawyobili fanqrebis saerTo raodenoba mainc 2-is
jeradi, anu luwi iqneba. raki TamTam kolofebSi sul 42 cali, anu luwi
raodenobis fanqari Caawyo, amitom fanqrebis saerTo raodenoba im kolofebSi,
romlebSic sam-sami fanqari awyvia, aseve luwi unda iyos. Sesabamisad,
CamoTvlilTagan (a), (g) da (d) variantebi unda gamovricxoT. im kolofTa
raodenoba, romlebSic 3 fanqaria, ver iqneba verc 14-is toli, radgan aseT
SemTxvevaSi am kolofebSi 14 · 3 = 42 fanqari iqneboda da arc erT kolofSi aRar
iqneboda 2 cali fanqari. gansaxilveli rCeba mxolod (b) varianti. Tu TamTa sam-
sam fanqars Caawyobs 10 kolofSi, xolo or-ors _ 6 kolofSi, maSin mis mier
Cawyobili fanqrebis saerTo raodenoba iqneba 10 · 3 + 6 · 2 = 42 , rac ar
ewinaaRmdegeba amocanis pirobas. maSasadame, im kolofTa raodenoba, romlebSic 3
fanqaria, SesaZlebelia iyos 10-is toli. Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (b).
2. daviTma 2-jer meti fotosuraTi gadaiRo, vidre _ levanma da 3-jer meti,

vidre _ Tornikem. samivem erTad 80-ze naklebi fotosuraTi gadaiRo. maqsimum
ramdeni fotosuraTi SeiZleba gadaeRo daviTs?
(a) 36
(b) 42
(g) 48
(d) 54
(e) 60
71
daviTma 2-jer meti fotosuraTi gadaiRo, vidre _ levanma da 3-jer meti,
vidre _ Tornikem, amitom daviTis mier gadaRebuli fotosuraTebis raodenoba
iqneba rogorc 2-is, ise 3-is jeradi, maSasadame, 6-is jeradic. amitom daviTis
mier gadaRebuli fotosuraTebis raodenoba SeiZleba aRvniSnoT 6 x -iT, sadac x
mTeli ricxvia. maSin levanis mier gadaRebuli fotosuraTebis raodenoba iqneba
3 x , xolo Tornikesi _ 2 x . raki samivem erTad 80-ze naklebi fotosuraTi
gadaiRo, miviRebT utolobas: 6 x + 3 x + 2 x < 80 , anu 11x < 80 , romlis amonaxsnia
x < 7 3 . amitom x-is SesaZlo maqsimaluri mTeli mniSvneloba tolia 7-is.
11
Sesabamisad, daviTis mier gadaRebuli fotosuraTebis raodenoba SeiZleba iyos
maqsimum 6 · 7 = 42 -is toli. maSasadame, swori pasuxia (b).
3. CamoTvlilTagan romeli SeiZleba iyos im samkuTxedis

wveroebis koordinatebi, romelic naxazze mocemuli
samkuTxedis simetriulia y-RerZis mimarT?
(a) (–1; 1), (–3; 4), (–5; 0)
(b) (–3; 3), (–4; 0), (–21; 3)
(g) (1; –2), (3; –4), (7; –4)
(d) (2; 2), (6; 10), (12; 2)
(e) (–2; 2), (–6; 8), (–14; 2)
samkuTxedi, romelic mocemuli samkuTxedis

simetriulia y-RerZis mimarT, mdebareobs
sakoordinato sibrtyis II meoTxedSi (ix. naxazi).
amitom am samkuTxedis wveroTa abscisebi
uaryofiTia, ordinatebi ki _ dadebiTi. mocemuli
pasuxebidan aseTia mxolod (e) variantSi mocemuli
sameuli: (–2; 2), (–6; 8), (–14; 2). es sameuli marTlac
SeiZleba iyos mocemuli samkuTxedis simetriuli
samkuTxedis wveroebis koordinatebi.
Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (e).
4. sastumroSi mxolod erTadgiliani da oradgiliani nomrebia. menejerma Seityo,

rom sastumroSi unda ganaTavsos 4 universitetis 10 studenti gogona ise, rom
sxvadasxva universitetis studentebi erT nomerSi ar moxvdnen. minimum ramdeni
nomeria saWiro, raTa menejerma aucileblad SeZlos studentebis sastumroSi
ganTavseba?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(g) 7
(d) 8
(e) 9
72
am amocanis amosaxsnelad unda movZebnoT gogonebis ganTavsebis yvelaze
ùaresi~ SemTxveva, anu iseTi SemTxveva, roca yvelaze meti nomeria saWiro. Tu
romelime universitetis studentebis raodenoba luwia, maSin maT gansaTavseblad
SesaZlebelia mxolod oradgiliani nomrebis gamoyeneba, rac saSualebas mogvcems
naklebi raodenobis erTadgiliani nomrebi gamoviyenoT. amitom ganTavsebis
yvelaze uaresi SemTxveva maSin gveqneba, roca oTxive universitetis
warmomadgeneli studentebis raodenoba kentia. am SemTxvevaSi, oradgiliani
nomrebis garda, dagvWirdeba 4 erTadgiliani nomris gamoyeneba. magaliTad, erTi
universitetis 3 gogonas gansaTavseblad saWiroa 1 oradgiliani da 1
erTadgiliani nomeri. amitom Tu 10 gogonadan pirvel universitets warmoadgens
1 gogona, xolo danarCen sams _ sam-sami gogona, maSin maT gansaTavseblad
aucilebeli iqneba 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 7 nomeri. amitom 4 universitetis 10 studenti
gogonas sastumroSi aucileblad gansaTavseblad ise, rom sxvadasxva
universitetis studentebi erT nomerSi ar moxvdnen, minimum 7 nomeria saWiro.
Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (g).
5. ricxvebi x, 2x, y, 7,7 zrdis mixedviTaa dalagebuli. gansxvaveba yovel or

mezobel ricxvs Soris 2-ze naklebia. CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba
iyos y?
(a) 5,4
(b) 5,5
(g) 5,7
(d) 5,8
(e) 6
ricxvebi x, 2x, y, 7,7 zrdis mixedviTaa dalagebuli, amitom gansxvaveba x-sa

da 2x-s Soris iqneba 2 x − x = x -is toli. pirobis Tanaxmad, gansxvaveba yovel or
mezobel ricxvs Soris 2-ze naklebia. amitom x < 2 . Sesabamisad, 2 x < 4 . gansxvaveba
2x-sa da y-s Soris naklebia 2-ze, amitom y naklebi unda iyos 4 + 2 = 6 -ze, xolo
raki gansxvaveba y-sa da 7,7-s Soris naklebia 2-ze, amitom y meti unda iyos
7,7 – 2 = 5,7 -ze. maSasadame, y SeiZleba iyos iseTi ricxvis toli, romelic
naklebia 6-ze, magram metia 5,7-ze. CamoTvlilTagan aseTia mxolod 5,8. amitom
swori pasuxia (d).
6. xexilis baRSi msxlis xeebis raodenoba 15-iT naklebia vaSlis xeebis

raodenobaze. CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos msxlis xeebis
raodenobis Sefardeba vaSlis xeebis raodenobasTan?
(a) 1
3
(b) 3
5
(g) 2
7
(d) 3
7
(e) 5
9
73
msxlis xeebis raodenoba aRvniSnoT x-iT, maSin vaSlis xeebis raodenoba
iqneba x + 15 , xolo msxlis xeebis raodenobis Sefardeba vaSlis xeebis
raodenobasTan _ x . gavarkvioT, CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos
x +15
es Sefardeba.
Tu x = 1 , maSin 3 x = x + 15 . saidanac x = 15 = 7,5 , rac SeuZlebelia, radgan
x +15 3 2
x-iT aRniSnulia msxlis xeebis raodenoba. maSasadame, x ar SeiZleba iyos
x +15
1 -is toli. amgvaradve davrwmundebiT, rom igive Sefardeba ar SeiZleba iyos
3
arc 3 -is, arc 3 -is da arc 5 -is toli.
5 7 9
axla gavarkvioT, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom es Sefardeba iyos 2 -is toli. Tu
7
x = 2 , maSin 7 x = 2 x + 30 . saidanac miviRebT, rom x = 30 = 6 , rac migvaniSnebs,
x +15 7 5
rom ganxiluli Sefardeba SeiZleba iyos 2 -is toli. marTlac, Tu msxlis xeebis
7
raodenobaa 6, vaSlis xeebisa _ 6 + 15 = 21 , maSin msxlis xeebis raodenobis Sefar-
deba vaSlis xeebis raodenobasTan iqneba 6 = 2 . Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (g).
21 7
7. kamaTels aqvs 6 waxnagi, romelTagan TiToeulze amokveTilia gansxvavebuli

raodenobis wertilebi (1-dan 6-is CaTvliT). risi tolia imis albaToba, rom
ori kamaTlis gagorebis SemTxvevaSi zeda waxnagebze wertilTa raodenobebis jami
4-ze naklebi iqneba?
(a) 1
2
(b) 1
6
(g) 1
8
(d) 1
12
(e) 1
36
ori kamaTlis gagorebisas miRebul Sedegs SeiZleba SevusabamoT ricxvTa
wyvili, romlis pirveli ricxvi gviCvenebs wertilebis raodenobas pirveli kamaTlis
zeda waxnagze, xolo meore ricxvi _ meore kamaTlis zeda waxnagze. magaliTad,
wyvili (3; 2) gviCvenebs, rom gagorebis Semdeg pirveli kamaTlis zeda waxnagze
wertilebis raodenobaa 3, xolo meore kamaTlis zeda waxnagze _ 2. raki kamaTlebis
TiToeul waxnagze wertilebis raodenoba SeiZleba iyos nebismieri ricxvi 1-dan 6-
is CaTvliT, amitom Sesabamisi wyvilebis raodenoba 6 · 6 = 36-is tolia, ese igi,
ori kamaTlis gagorebisas Tanabrad mosalodnel elementarul xdomilobaTa saerTo
raodenobaa 36. cxadia, kamaTlebis zeda waxnagebze wertilTa raodenobebis jami 4-ze
naklebi iqneba sul 3 SemTxvevaSi (roca Sesabamisi wyvilebia (1; 1), (1; 2) da (2; 1)).
ase rom, xelSemwyob elementarul xdomilobaTa raodenobaa 3. amitom imis
albaToba, rom ori kamaTlis gagorebis SemTxvevaSi zeda waxnagebze wertilebis
raodenobaTa jami 4-ze naklebi iqneba, tolia 3 = 1 -is. maSasadame, swori pasuxia
36 12
(d).
74
8. ricxvis 4-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi 3-is tolia. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan
romlis toli ar SeiZleba iyos naSTi amave ricxvis 16-ze gayofisas?
(a) 3
(b) 5
(g) 7
(d) 11
(e) 15
am davalebis amoxsnisas yuradReba unda mivaqcioT, rom SekiTxva uaryofiTi
formiTaa dasmuli. ese igi, am davalebis pasuxad unda SeirCes iseTi ricxvi,
romelic ver iqneba mocemuli ricxvis 16-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi. jer
gavarkvioT, Tu risi toli SeiZleba iyos naSTi 16-ze gayofisas.
vTqvaT, mocemuli ricxvia m. am ricxvis 4-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi 3-is
tolia, rac imas niSnavs, rom m cali sagnis oTxeulebad dawyobisas darCeba 3
sagani. imave sagnebis Teqvsmeteulebad dawyobisas darCenili sagnebis raodenoba
aris m-is 16-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi. 1 Teqvsmeteuli miiReba 4 cali
oTxeulis SeerTebiT. oTxeulebis Teqvsmeteulebad gadawyobisas SeiZleba
dagvrCes an 3 oTxeuli, an 2 oTxeuli, an 1 oTxeuli, an arc erTi. amitom m
ricxvis 16-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi SeiZleba iyos mxolod 3· 4 + 3 = 15 ,
2 · 4 + 3 = 11 , 1· 4 + 3 = 7 , 0 · 4 + 3 = 3 . maSasadame, naSTi ar SeiZleba iyos 5-is toli.
swori pasuxia (b).
9. mosapirkeTebeli iyo marTkuTxedis formis auzis fskeri. 4 saaTis muSaobis

Semdeg mosapirkeTebeli darCa fskeris nawili, romelsac aseve marTkuTxedis
forma hqonda da romlis sigrZe 3-jer naklebi iyo fskeris sigrZeze, siganec 3-
jer naklebi _ fskeris siganeze. ramdeni saaTia saWiro auzis fskeris darCenili
nawilis mosapirkeTeblad, Tu muSaobas imave tempiT gaagrZeleben?
(a) 0,5
(b) 1
(g) 1,5
(d) 2
(e) 2,5
4 saaTis muSaobis Semdeg darCenili mosapirkeTebeli
fskeris nawilis farTobi 9-jer naklebi iqneba fskeris
mTlian farTobze (ix. naxazi). ese igi, Sesasrulebelia mTeli
samuSaos 1 nawili, xolo Sesrulebelia 1 − 1 = 8 nawili.
9 9 9
amitom darCenil samuSaos dasWirdeba 8-jer naklebi dro:
4 sT : 8 = 0,5 sT. maSasadame, swori pasuxia (a).
75
1. ramdeniT Semcirdeba ricxvi 837076, Tu mis CanawerSi orive 7-ians SevcvliT

5-ianebiT?
(a) 4-iT
(b) 2000-iT
(g) 2020-iT
(d) 2 200-iT
(e) 2 220-iT
2. A klasSi 11-iT meti moswavlea, vidre B klasSi. ramdeniT meti iqneba A

klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba B klasSi moswavleTa raodenobaze, Tu A klasidan
B-Si 3 moswavle gadava?
(a) 3-iT
(b) 4-iT
(g) 5-iT
(d) 6-iT
(e) 7-iT
3. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romlis mniSvnelobaa kenti, n-is nebismieri

naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis?
(a) 205n
(b) 3n + 205
(g) 7n
(d) n + 205
(e) 2n + 205
4. Caifiqres ori ricxvi, pirveli _ zeda

striqonidan, meore _ qveda striqonidan. –12 –3 –6 –4
5 5
maqsimum risi toli SeiZleba iyos
Cafiqrebuli ricxvebis jami? –3 –2
5
–8 5 –5
(a) –20
(b) –6 3
5
(g) –11
(d) –1 2
5
(e) –1
5. b = 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 – 7. risi tolia b ricxvis 6-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi?

(a) 1
(b) 2
(g) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
76
6. laSam 8 saaTi da 30 wuTi iZina da dilis 7 saaTsa da 20 wT-ze gaiRviZa.
romel saaTze dauZinia laSas?
(a) 22 sT 10 wT
(b) 22 sT 50 wT
(g) 23 sT 10 wT
(d) 23 sT 50 wT
(e) 00 sT 10 wT
7. Taroze wignebis 2/9 nawili _ inglisuria, 2/3 nawili _ qarTuli. maT garda,
Taroze awyvia rusuli wignebi, romelTa raodenoba 30-iTaa naklebi qarTuli
wignebis raodenobaze. sul ramdeni rusuli wigni awyvia Taroze?
(a) 6
(b) 9
(g) 12
(d) 15
(e) 20
8. a iseTi ricxvia, rom 18 − 2a > 5 + 3a . CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba

iyos 3a ?
(a) 7,5
(b) 8
(g) 8,5
(d) 9
(e) 9,5
9. Tu x, y da z erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli naturaluri ricxvebia,

x − 2y
romelTagan TiToeuli 10-ze naklebia, maSin gamosaxulebis udidesi
z
mniSvnelobaa:
(a) 3
(b) 4
(g) 5
(d) 7
(e) 9
10. gias yulabaSi mxolod 10-TeTriani da 20-TeTriani monetebi aqvs, sul _

16 lari. 10-TeTriani monetebis raodenoba 3-jer metia, vidre 20-TeTriani
monetebisa. sul ramdeni cali 20-TeTriani moneta aqvs gias?
(a) 35
(b) 32
(g) 30
(d) 28
(e) 25
77
11. sami ricxvidan erTi ricxvi meoreze 5-iT naklebia, mesameze ki _ 9-iT meti.
am ricxvebs Soris udidesia n + 6. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli gamosaxule-
biT Caiwereba am sami ricxvis jami?
(a) 3n – 1
(b) 3n – 4
(g) 3n + 2
(d) 3n + 14
(e) 3n + 20
12. daTo kafeSi sxvadasxva samuSaos asrulebs. SabaTobiT mas 20 lars uxdian,
kviraobiT _ 30 lars, sxva dReebSi ki _ 10 lars. maqsimum ramdeni lari
SeiZleba gamoimuSaos daTom kafeSi zedized 15 dRis ganmavlobaSi muSaobiT?
(a) 190
(b) 200
(g) 210
(d) 220
(e) 230
13. erToblivi firmis dasafuZneblad daTom 27 aTasi lari Seitana bankSi, ninom
_ 18 aTasi lari. firmis mogebas isini TavianTi Senatanebis proporciulad
inawileben. CamoTvlilTagan romeli SeiZleba iyos firmis mogebis ganawilebis
Sedegad daTosa da ninos mier miRebuli Tanxebi?
(a) 5 aTasi lari da 3 aTasi lari
(b) 6 aTasi lari da 4 aTasi lari
(g) 8 aTasi lari da 6 aTasi lari
(d) 9 aTasi lari da 8 aTasi lari
(e) 15 aTasi lari da 6 aTasi lari
14. A-dan B qalaqSi matarebliT Casvla mxolod C qalaqis gavliTaa SesaZlebeli.

A qalaqidan B-sken gavida Cqari matarebeli, romlis siCqarea 70 km/sT, imave
dros C-dan B-sken gavida satvirTo matarebeli, romlis siCqarea 40 km/sT. Cqari
matarebeli wamoewia satvirTo matarebels moZraobis dawyebidan 3 saaTis Semdeg.
matareblebi Seuferxeblad, Sesvenebis gareSe moZraobdnen. ramdeni kilometria
rkinigzis sigrZe A da C qalaqebs Soris?
(a) 30
(b) 90
(g) 110
(d) 120
(e) 210
78
15. spilenZis madnis gadamamuSavebel qarxanas madans ori sabadodan awvdian.
pirveli sabadodan mitanili madnis gadamuSavebis Sedegad miRebuli spilenZis
wona madnis wonis 6-7 %-ia, xolo meore sabadodan mitanili madnidan miRebuli
spilenZisa _ 4-4,5%. minimum risi tolia pirveli sabadodan motanili 300 tona
madnidan miRebuli spilenZis wonis Sefardeba meore sabadodan motanili 200
tona madnidan miRebuli spilenZis wonasTan?
(a) 1,5-is
(b) 2-is
(g) 2,5-is
(d) 3-is
(e) 3,5-is
16. marTkuTxa samkuTxedidan, romlis kaTetebis

sigrZeebia 5 sm da 7 sm, amokveTilia kvadrati, romlis
gverdis sigrZea 2 sm. ramdeni kvadratuli santimetria
samkuTxedis darCenili nawilis farTobi?
(a) 13,5
(b) 20
(g) 27,5
(d) 31
(e) 32,5
17. sibrtyeze mocemulia marTkuTxa

koordinatTa sistema. am sibrtyeze mdebare
AC monakveTi B wertiliT or tol nawilad
iyofa. B da C wertilebis koordinatebi
miTiTebulia naxazze.
A wertilis koordinatebi (a, b) =
(a) (2; 3)
(b) (4; 6)
(g) (5; 6)
(d) (5; 7)
(e) (6; 7)
18. sandros erTnairi xis kubebi hqonda,

ramdenime maTgani man Suaze gaxerxa. am naxevrebisa
da kubebisagan sandrom saxlismagvari sxeuli
aawyo (ix. naxazi), ise, rom araferi darCenia.
sul ramdeni kubi hqonia sandros Tavdapirvelad?
(a) 10
(b) 12
(g) 13
(d) 14
(e) 15
79
19. ras udris tolferda samkuTxedis fuZis sigrZis Sefardeba am samkuTxedis
perimetrTan, Tu fuZis sigrZe 2-jer naklebia ferdis sigrZeze?
(a) 1
6
(b) 1
5
(g) 1
3
(d) 2
3
(e) 4
5
20. marTkuTxedis sami wvero tolgverda samkuTxedis

gverdebze mdebareobs (ix. naxazi). x° =
(a) 35°
(b) 45°
(g) 50°
(d) 55°
(e) 60°
21. gundSi, romelSic Tinas CaTvliT 8 momReralia, momReralTa saSualo asaki

12 welia. ramdeni wlisaa Tina, Tu misi gundidan wasvlis SemTxvevaSi gundSi
momReralTa saSualo asaki 11 weli gaxdeba?
(a) 11
(b) 12
(g) 17
(d) 19
(e) 21
22. seifis gasaRebad 5-cifriani kodis akrefaa saWiro. molares daaviwyda asa-
krefi kodis bolo 3 cifri, magram mas axsovda, rom am kodis bolo 2 cifri
erTnairi iyo, xolo bolodan mesame _ 8-iani an 9-iani iyo. minimum ramdeni 5-
cifriani kodis akrefa mouwevs molares, raTa man aucileblad gaxsnas seifi?
(a) 10
(b) 20
(g) 25
(d) 30
(e) 35
80
23. darbazSi 10 gogona da 10 vaJi iyo. cota xnis Semdeg darbazidan 2 gogona
da 3 biWi gamovida. risi tolia imis albaToba, rom amis Semdeg darbazidan
SemTxveviT gamosuli kidev erTi bavSvi gogona iqneba?
(a) 1
20
(b) 1
10
(g) 1
4
(d) 2
5
(e) 8
15
81
monacemTa sakmarisoba (4-5 davaleba)
amgvar davalebebSi, Cveulebriv, mocemulia ori piroba da dasmulia SekiTxva.
davalebis Sesasruleblad unda daadginoT am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad
sakmarisia Tu ara pirobebSi mocemuli informacia.
1. arCevnebSi monawileobda sami kandidati: A, B da C (arCevnebze misulma

yovelma amomrCevelma mxolod erT kandidats misca xma da arc erTi biuleteni
ar gabaTilebula). A kandidats xma misca arCevnebze misul amomrCevelTa 60%-ma.
mocemulia ori piroba:

I. B kandidats xma misca samjer metma amomrCevelma, vidre C-s;
II. B kandidats xma misca 2 aTasma amomrCevelma.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu risi tolia B kandidatis mier miRebuli xmebis

procentuli maCvenebeli:
(a) sakmarisia I piroba, xolo II piroba ar aris sakmarisi

(b) sakmarisia II piroba, xolo I piroba ar aris sakmarisi
(g) sakmarisia I da II piroba erTad, magram cal-calke arc erTi ar aris
sakmarisi
(d) sakmarisia TiToeuli piroba cal-calke
(e) orive piroba erTad ar aris sakmarisi, saWiroa damatebiTi pirobebi
raki A kandidatma xmebis 60% miiRo, amitom B da C kandidatebi erTad

miiRebdnen xmebis 100% – 60% = 40%-s.
gavarkvioT, sakmarisia Tu ara I piroba imis dasadgenad, Tu risi tolia B
kandidatis mier miRebuli xmebis procentuli maCvenebeli.
vTqvaT, C kandidats xma misca amomrCevelTa x%-ma. maSin, I pirobis Tanaxmad,
B kandidati miiRebda xmebis 3x%s. amitom x + 3 x = 40 , saidanac x = 10 . ese igi, B
kandidatis mier miRebuli xmebis procentuli maCvenebeli toli yofila
3 ·10 = 30 -is. maSasadame, I piroba sakmarisia B kandidatis mier miRebuli xmebis
procentuli maCveneblis mosaZebnad.
mxolod II piroba ki imave SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad araa sakmarisi.
marTlac, Tu amomrCevelTa saerTo raodenobaa, magaliTad, 10000, maSin B kandi-
datis mier miRebuli xmebis procentuli maCvenebeli iqneba 2000 ·100% = 20% -is
10000
toli, xolo Tu amomrCevelTa saerTo raodenoba 20000-is tolia, maSin _
2000 ·100% = 10% -is toli, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom dasmul SekiTxvaze calsaxa
20000
pasuxis misaRebad mxolod II piroba araa sakmarisi.
maSasadame, imis gasarkvevad, Tu risi tolia B kandidatis mier miRebuli
xmebis procentuli maCvenebeli, I piroba sakmarisia, II ki _ ara. Sesabamisad,
swori pasuxia (a).
82
2. gamomcemlobam mTargmnelobiT kolegias SeukveTa espanuri, italiuri da
franguli moTxrobebis Targmna.
I. kolegiis wevrebma italiuridan Targmnes samjer meti moTxroba, vidre

franguli enidan;
II. italiuri enidan Targmnes 300 moTxroba.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu risi tolia franguli enidan naTargmni moTxrobebis

raodenoba:

sakmarisi
imis gasarkvevad, Tu risi tolia franguli enidan naTargmni moTxrobebis

raodenoba, calke aRebuli arc I pirobaa sakmarisi da arc _ II. vaCvenoT, rom
am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad orive piroba erTad sakmarisia. marTlac, II
pirobis Tanaxmad, italiuri enidan Targmnes 300 moTxroba. maSin, raki I pirobis
Tanaxmad, italiuridan Targmnes samjer meti moTxroba, vidre franguli enidan,
amitom franguli enidan naTargmni moTxrobebis raodenoba iqneba 300 : 3 = 100-is
toli.
maSasadame, imis gasarkvevad, Tu risi tolia franguli enidan naTargmni
moTxrobebis raodenoba, I da II piroba erTad sakmarisia, cal-calke ki _ arc
erTi araa sakmarisi. Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (g).
83
1. safuleSi 50-lariani da 100-lariani banknotebi devs, sul _ 300 lari.
mocemulia Semdegi ori piroba:

I. safuleSi 50-lariani banknotebis raodenoba 100-lariani banknotebis
raodenobaze metia;
II. safuleSi kenti raodenobis 100-lariani banknotebi devs.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni 50-lariani banknoti devs safuleSi:

sakmarisi
2. meRvine cisternis dasaclelad Rvinos muxis kasrebSi asxams, ise, rom kasrebs
bolomde avsebs. TiToeul kasrSi 800 litri Rvino eteva.

I. cisternaSi Rvinis raodenoba 3000 litrze metia;
II. cisternaSi Rvinis raodenoba 3800 litrze naklebia.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramden kasrs aavsebs meRvine:

sakmarisi
84
monacemTa analizi (5-6 davaleba)
amgvar davalebebSi informacia warmodgenilia cxrilis, diagramis an
grafikis saxiT. davalebebi orgvaria da gulisxmobs:
• saTanado monacemebis moZiebas grafikze, diagramaze an cxrilSi;
• daskvnis gamotanas grafikis, diagramisa Tu cxrilis saxiT
warmodgenil monacemTa analizis safuZvelze.
TiToeul cxrils, diagramas an grafiks ramdenime davaleba (SekiTxva) axlavs.
yoveli maTgani testis damoukidebel davalebad iTvleba. amitom TiToeul
SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisas ixelmZRvaneleT cxriliT an diagramiT, da ara wina
SekiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxiT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT araswor pasuxTa jaWvi.
grafikze warmodgenilia monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu zogadsaganmanaTleblo

skolis TiToeuli safexuris (dawyebiTi, sabazo, saSualo) moswavleTa raodenobis
ramden procents Seadgenda amave safexuris im moswavleTa raodenoba, romlebic
sportiT iyvnen dakavebulni 2001/2002 _ 2005/2006 saswavlo wlebSi. magaliTad,
grafikis mixedviT varkvevT, rom 2001/2002 saswavlo wels sportiT dakavebuli
yofila saSualo skolis moswavleTa 14% .
diagramaze ki warmodgenilia monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis TiToeul safexurze sportiT dakavebul
moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis ramden procents Seadgenda fexburTiT, ragbiT,
WidaobiT Tu sportis romelime sxva saxeobiT dakavebul moswavleTa
raodenobebi 2005/2006 saswavlo wels. magaliTad, diagramis mixedviT varkvevT,
rom 2005/2006 saswavlo wels dawyebiT skolaSi fexburTiT dakavebuli yofila
dawyebiT skolaSi sportiT dakavebul moswavleTa 20%.
85
grafikisa da diagramis mixedviT upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvas:
1. dawyebiTi skolis moswavleTa raodenobis ramden procents Seadgenda ragbiTa

Tu fexburTiT dakavebul moswavleTa raodenoba 2005/2006 saswavlo wels?
(a) 6%
(b) 8%
(g) 12%
(d) 14%
(e) 16%
am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa rogorc mocemuli grafikis, aseve

svetebiani diagramis gamoyeneba.
svetebiani diagramis mixedviT varkvevT, rom 2005/2006 saswavlo wels dawyebiT
skolaSi ragbiT dakavebuli yofila sportiT dakavebul moswavleTa raodenobis
30%, xolo fexburTiT _ 20%. amitom ragbiTa Tu fexburTiT dakavebul
moswavleTa raodenoba iqneboda sportiT dakavebul moswavleTa raodenobis
30% + 20% = 50%, anu naxevari.
grafikis mixedviT ki vigebT, rom imave saswavlo wels sportiT dakavebuli
yofila dawyebiTi skolis moswavleTa raodenobis 24%. rogorc gavarkvieT,
dawyebiT skolaSi 2005/2006 saswavlo wels ragbiTa Tu fexburTiT dakavebuli
iyo sportiT dakavebul moswavleTa raodenobis naxevari. amitom dawyebiT
skolaSi ragbiTa Tu fexburTiT dakavebul moswavleTa raodenoba iqneboda 24%-
is naxevari, rac 12%-is tolia. Sesabamisad, swori pasuxia (g).
86
zogadi rekomendaciebi testis maTematikuri nawilis davalebebisTvis:
• yuradRebiT gaecaniT krebulSi warmodgenil qveTavebs: ZiriTadi cnebebi

da sakiTxebi (gv. 88) da maTematikuri cnobari (gv. 91), rac gagiadvilebT
orientacias codnis am sferoSi;
• naxazebi, romlebic erTvis zogierT davalebas, araa Sesrulebuli
davalebis pirobaSi miTiTebuli zomebis zusti dacviT. amitom monakveTebis
sigrZis an sxva sidideebis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanisas nu daeyrdnobiT
naxazis zomebs. yuradReba gaamaxvileT davalebis pirobaze.
87
ZiriTadi cnebebi da sakiTxebi
ariTmetika da algebra
1. naturaluri ricxvebi:
• naturaluri ricxvebis Cawera cifrebiT;
• luwi da kenti ricxvebi;
• jeradi da gamyofi; martivi ricxvebi.
2. wiladebi da mTeli ricxvebi:

• aTwiladebi, dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ricxvebi;
• ricxvTa Sedareba;
• ariTmetikuli moqmedebebi ricxvebze;
• ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa Tvisebebi.
3. nawili da procenti:
• ricxvis nawilisa da procentis povna;
• ricxvis povna nawilisa da procentis mixedviT; imis dadgena, Tu erTi
ricxvi meoris ra nawili an procentia.
4. Sefardeba da proporcia:
• proporciis ZiriTadi Tviseba;
• proporciul nawilebad dayofa;
• masStabi.
5. ricxviTi RerZi:
• ricxvebis gamosaxva ricxviT RerZze;
• wertilis koordinati ricxviT RerZze.
6. algebruli gamosaxuleba:
• algebruli gamosaxulebis ricxviTi mniSvneloba;
• algebrul gamosaxulebaTa gardaqmna: msgavsi wevrebis SeerTeba, saerTo
mamravlis frCxilebs gareT gatana, mamravlebad daSla;
• ori ricxvis jamisa da sxvaobis kvadratis, agreTve _ kvadratebis sxvaobis
formulebi.
7. gantoleba; gantolebis amonaxsni (fesvi):

• wrfivi gantolebis amoxsna.
8. wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemis amoxsna.
9. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi da misi Tvisebebi.
10. mimdevroba; funqcia; funqciis grafiki.
11. saSualo ariTmetikuli.

88
geometria
1. geometriuli figurebi sibrtyeze:

• wertili, wrfe, sxivi, monakveTi, texili;
• kuTxe, kuTxis sazomi erTeuli _ gradusi;
• marTi, gaSlili, maxvili da blagvi kuTxeebi;
• mosazRvre, vertikaluri, jvaredinad mdebare kuTxeebi da maTi Tvisebebi;
• mravalkuTxedi;
• mravalkuTxedis diagonali, wesieri mravalkuTxedi, mravalkuTxedis
perimetri;
• samkuTxedis utoloba;
• samkuTxedis kuTxeebis sidideTa jami;
• tolferda, tolgverda, marTkuTxa samkuTxedebi da maTi Tvisebebi;
• damokidebuleba samkuTxedis gverdebsa da maT mopirdapire kuTxeebs
Soris;
• piTagoras Teorema;
• samkuTxedis farTobis gamosaTvleli formula;
• rombi, marTkuTxedi, paralelogrami, kvadrati da maTi Tvisebebi;
• marTkuTxedis, paralelogramis, kvadratis farTobis gamosaTvleli
formulebi;
• wrewiri, wre; centri, radiusi, diametri;
• wrewiris sigrZis gamosaTvleli formula;
• wris farTobis gamosaTvleli formula.
2. simetriuli figurebi; RerZuli simetria.
3. paraleluri da marTobuli wrfeebi; paralelur wrfeTa Tvisebebi.
4. marTkuTxa koordinatTa sistema sibrtyeze.
5. geometriuli sxeulebi:
• kubi, marTkuTxa paralelepipedi, piramida, sfero, birTvi, cilindri;
• kubis, marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculobis gamosaTvleli
formulebi.
monacemTa analizi
1. monacemTa warmodgenis xerxebi:
• cxrili;
• skala;
• grafiki, wriuli diagrama, xazovani diagrama, svetovani diagrama.
albaTobis Teoria
1. xdomiloba da misi albaToba.
89
zoma, zomis erTeulebi
1. sigrZe
sigrZis erTeulebi: santimetri (sm), decimetri (dm), metri (m), kilometri (km).
2. farTobi
farTobis erTeulebi: kvadratuli santimetri (sm2), kvadratuli metri (m2),
kvadratuli kilometri (km2), heqtari (ha).
3. moculoba
moculobis erTeulebi: kuburi santimetri (sm3), kuburi metri (m3), litri.
4. masa
masis erTeulebi: grami (g), kilogrami (kg), tona (t).
5. siCqare
siCqaris erTeulebi: metri/wamSi (m/wm), kilometri/saaTSi (km/sT).
6. dro
drois erTeulebi: wami, wuTi, saaTi, dRe-Rame, kvira, Tve, weliwadi, saukune.
90
maTematikuri cnobari
ariTmetika da algebra
• naturaluri ricxvebia:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, . . .
• aTobiT poziciur sistemaSi yoveli naturaluri ricxvi cifrebiT
Caiwereba.
• cifrebia:
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
aTobiT poziciur sistemaSi, magaliTad,
eqvsas sami aTas oTxas Svidi cifrebiT ase Caiwereba: 603407
testSi mocemuli yvela ricxvi Cawerilia aTobiT poziciur sistemaSi.
• Tu a naturaluri ricxvi naturalur b ricxvze unaSTod iyofa, maSin
b aris a -s gamyofi, a ki _ b -s jeradi;
magaliTad, 7-is naturaluri jeradebia: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, . . .
12-is naturaluri gamyofebia: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 da 12.
• naturalur ricxvs, romelsac mxolod ori gamyofi aqvs (iyofa Tavis
Tavze da 1-ze), martiv ricxvs uwodeben.
martivi ricxvebia: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, . . .
1 ar aris martivi ricxvi.
• mTeli ricxvebia:
. . . -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .
• mTeli ricxvi luwia, Tu is unaSTod iyofa 2-ze.
luwi ricxvebia:
. . . -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, . . .
• mTeli ricxvi kentia, Tu is 2-ze unaSTod ar iyofa.
kenti ricxvebia:
. . . -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7, . . .
• wiladi _ mTeli ricxvisa da naturaluri ricxvis Sefardebaa.
5 1 0 7
wiladebia, magaliTad, , , , da sxva.
9 100 3 1
m
wiladis mniSvnelia n , mricxveli ki _ m .
n
• wiladis mricxvelisa da mniSvnelis erTsa da imave, nulisgan gansxvavebul
ricxvze gamravlebiT an gayofiT wiladis mniSvneloba ar icvleba;
7 14 16 8
magaliTad: = ; = .
3 6 10 5
• wiladebis gamravlebisas namravlis mricxveli mricxvelTa gadamravlebiT
miiReba, mniSvneli ki _ mniSvnelTa gadamravlebiT;
3 2 6
magaliTad: ⋅ = .
5 7 35
a c a d
wiladze gayofa mis Sebrunebulze gamravlebaa: : = ⋅ .
b d b c
• wiladis mTel ricxvze gamravlebis an gayofis dros mTeli ricxvi unda
91
warmovadginoT wiladis saxiT;
2 2 5 10
magaliTad: ⋅5 = ⋅ = .
3 3 1 3
• wiladebis Sekrebasa da gamoklebas gaerTmniSvnelianeba sWirdeba;
2 3 14 15 29
magaliTad: + = + = .
5 7 35 35 35
3 3
• 80-is nawili tolia 80 · = 48;
5 5
m m
sazogadod, x -is nawili udris x · ;
2 n 2 n 7
Tu x -is nawili aris 40, maSin x · = 40 da x = 40 · = 140.
7 7 2
• procenti niSnavs meased nawils da aRiniSneba simboloTi %;
25
magaliTad: ricxvis 25% igivea, rac ricxvis nawili, da es igivea, rac
100
1
ricxvis nawili;
4
25
80-is 25% aris 80 · = 20;
100
80-is 100% aris 80;
80-is 200% aris 160;
b
sazogadod, a ricxvis b % aris a · ;
100
5 100
Tu x -is 5% aris 40, maSin x · = 40 da x = 40 · = 800.
100 5
a c
• = proporciis kidura wevrebia a da d , Sua wevrebia b da c ;
b d
proporciis kidura wevrebis namravli udris Sua wevrebis namravls:
ad = bc
a b
a, b wyvili proporciulia x, y wyvilisa, Tu = ; magaliTad: ax, bx
x y
wyvili a, b wyvilis proporciulia;
ax, bx, cx sameuli a, b, c sameulis proporciulia.
• ricxviTi RerZi wrfea, romelzedac yovel wertils garkveuli
ricxvi (misi koordinati) Seesabameba;
saTavis koordinatia 0, saTavidan erT-erT mxares mdebare yoveli
wertilis koordinati dadebiTia da tolia am wertilidan
saTavemde manZilisa;
saTavis mimarT simetriulad mdebare wertilebis koordinatebi
mopirdapire ricxvebia.
• Sekrebisa da gamravlebis operaciebs aqvs gadanacvlebadobis a+b = b+a,

ab = ba da jufTebadobis Tvisebebi: (a+b)+c = a+(b+c), (ab)c = a(bc).
Sekrebisa da gamravlebis operaciebi erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia
ganrigebadobis TvisebiT: (a + b)c = ac + bc .
92
• algebrul gamosaxulebaSi asoebis nacvlad ricxvebis CasmiT da miTiTebuli
moqmedebebis SesrulebiT gamoiTvleba algebruli gamosaxulebis
mniSvneloba;
magaliTad, (x + 5y) x + 4y gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, roca x = 2 da
y = 3, aris (2 + 5 · 3) · 2 + 4 · 3 = 46;
5x+4y+3x+y gamosaxuleba SeiZleba SevcvaloT misi toli 8x+5y
gamosaxulebiT. amgvar gardaqmnas msgavsi wevrebis SeerTebas uwodeben.
• Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi:
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2;
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2;
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 .
• utolobaTa Tvisebebi:
Tu a – b > 0, maSin a > b;
Tu a > b da b > c, maSin a > c;
Tu a > b, maSin a + c > b + c;
Tu a > b da c > 0, maSin ac > bc;
Tu a > b da c < 0, maSin ac < bc.
• ramdenime ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli aris am ricxvebis jamis
Sefardeba maT raodenobasTan;
6 + 5+1
magaliTad: 6, 5 da 1-is saSualo ariTmetikulia = 4.
3
• a 2 ( a ricxvis meore xarisxi anu kvadrati) aRniSnavs namravls:
a 2 = a · a; sazogadod,
n
a = a · a · a ·... · a ( n -jer)
an · am = an+m
an : am = an–m
(a n )m = a n · m
geometria
• marTi kuTxis sidide 90°-ia.
• maxvili kuTxis sidide 0°-ze metia da 90°-ze naklebi.
blagvi kuTxis sidide 90°-ze metia da 180°-ze naklebi.
mosazRvre kuTxeebis sidideTa jami 180°-ia:

α + β = 180°
• vertikaluri kuTxeebi erTmaneTis tolia.

∠1 = ∠3 , ∠4 = ∠2 .
• mravalkuTxedis perimetri mravalkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeTa jamia.
93
• samkuTxedis nebismieri ori gverdis sigrZeTa jami
metia mesame gverdis sigrZeze (samkuTxedis
utoloba):
a + b > c, a + c > b, b + c > a
• samkuTxedis kuTxeebis sidideTa jami 180°-ia:
α + β + γ = 180°
• samkuTxedis farTobi samkuTxedis
gverdis sigrZisa da am gverdze
daSvebuli simaRlis
ah
namravlis naxevaria: S = .
2
• samkuTxedis udidesi kuTxe udidesi gverdis pirdapir mdebareobs, xolo
umciresi kuTxe _ umciresi gverdis pirdapir.
• samkuTxedi tolferdaa, Tu mas ori toli
gverdi aqvs. tolferda samkuTxedSi fuZesTan
mdebare kuTxeebi erTmaneTis tolia; fuZeze
daSvebuli simaRle fuZes Suaze yofs.
• marTkuTxa samkuTxeds erTi marTi kuTxe aqvs;
• piTagoras Teorema: kaTetebis sigrZeTa
kvadratebis jami hipotenuzis sigrZis kvadratis
tolia: a 2 + b 2 = c 2 ;
• marTkuTxa samkuTxedis farTobi kaTetebis sigrZeTa
ab
namravlis naxevris tolia, S = .
2
• paralelogramis mopirdapire gverdebi tolia,
agreTve tolia mopirdapire kuTxeebi;
• paralelogramis diagonalebi gadakveTisas
erTmaneTs Suaze yofen;
• paralelogramis farTobi gverdisa da masze
daSvebuli simaRlis namravlis tolia: S = ah .
• yoveli marTkuTxedi, rombi, kvadrati _ paralelogramia.
rombis diagonalebi urTierTmarTobulia;
marTkuTxedis diagonalebi erTmaneTis tolia.
• marTkuTxedis farTobi misi sigrZisa da siganis
namravlis tolia: S = ab ;
• kvadratis farTobi misi gverdis sigrZis
kvadratis tolia: S = a 2 .
• wrewiris yvela wertili Tanabradaa daSorebuli misi
centridan;
• wrewiris sigrZe L misi r radiusis mixedviT SeiZleba
gamovTvaloT Semdegi formuliT: L = 2πr .
π ricxvi measedis sizustiT 3,14-is tolia.
• r radiusiani wris farTobi gamoiTvleba S = πr 2 formuliT.
94
• ori paraleluri wrfis mesame wrfiT gadakveTisas
Sida jvaredina kuTxeebi tolia: α = β.
• marTkuTxa koordinatTa sistema
urTierTmarTobuli x da y RerZebisagan Sedgeba.
am RerZTa gadakveTis wertili koordinatTa
saTavea;
sibrtyis yovel wertils ricxvTa wyvili _ misi
koordinatebi Seesabameba. wertilis
koordinatTa Cawerisas pirvelad x-koordinati,
anu abscisa iwereba, Semdeg _ y-koordinati,
anu ordinata. magaliTad, A wertilis
koordinatebia (-2; 1),
B wertilisa _ (2; -2), C wertilisa _ (4; 0),
koordinatTa saTavisa _ (0; 0).
• kubi, marTkuTxa paralelepipedi, piramida
mravalwaxnaga sxeulebia.
mravalwaxnaga sxeulebi SemosazRvrulia
brtyeli mravalkuTxedebiT. am mravalkuTxedebs
waxnagebi ewodeba. waxnagebis gverdebi da
wveroebi mravalwaxnagas wiboebi da wveroebia.
• marTkuTxa paralelepipedis moculoba
paralelepipedis sigrZis, siganisa da simaRlis
namravlis tolia: V = abc ;
• kubis moculoba kubis wibos sigrZis kubis tolia, V = a 3 .
• Tu figura naxazze gamosaxulia masStabiT 1 : 500, maSin realuri figuris
monakveTTa zomebis gasagebad naxazze mocemuli Sesabamisi monakveTebis
sigrZe 500-ze unda gamravldes.
albaTobis Teoria
• xdomilobis albaToba tolia am xdomilobis xelSemwyob elementarul
xdomilobaTa raodenobis Sefardebisa elementarul xdomilobaTa saerTo
raodenobasTan, oRond yvela elementaruli xdomiloba Tanabrad
mosalodneli unda iyos.
Tanafardoba zomis erTeulebs Soris

• 1 m = 10 dm = 100 sm;
1 km = 1000 m.
• 1 km2 = 1 000 000 m2;
1 m2 = 100 dm2 = 10 000 sm2;
1 ha = 10 000 m2.
• 1 m3 = 1000 dm3 = 1 000 000 sm3;
1 litri = 1 dm3 = 1000 sm3.
• 1 t = 1000 kg, 1 kg = 1000 g.
• 1 kvira = 7 dRe, 1 dRe-Rame = 24 sT, 1 sT = 60 wT, 1 wT = 60 wm.
95
rekomendaciebi testirebis procesTan dakavSirebiT
zogadi unarebis testi Sedgeba ori _ verbaluri da maTematikuri _

nawilisgan. TiToeul nawilSi 40 davalebaa. testis pirveli nawili verbaluria,
meore _ maTematikuri. testi sxvadasxva sirTulis davalebebs moicavs.
calkeuli blokebis mixedviT davalebaTa raodenoba amgvaradaa
ganawilebuli:
verbaluri nawili:
analogiebi 10 -12
winadadebis Sevseba 8-9
logika 8-9
wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba (ori teqsti da maTTan dakavSirebuli 12 -14 SekiTxva)
maTematikuri nawili:
raodenobrivi Sedareba 10-11

amocanebi 18-21
monacemTa sakmarisoba 4-5
monacemTa analizi 5-6
(maTematikur davalebebSi daaxloebiT Tanabradaa warmodgenili masala
ariTmetikidan, algebridan da geometriidan.)
96
gTavazobT ramdenime rekomendacias testirebis procesTan dakavSirebiT:
• gaecaniT testis instruqciebs
zogadi unarebis testSi SegxvdebaT ramdenime instruqcia.

testis pirvel gverdze mocemulia zogadi instruqcia, romelic exeba
testis rogorc verbalur, ise _ maTematikur nawilebs.
testis verbaluri da maTematikuri nawilebis calkeul blokebs sakuTari
instruqciebi axlavs.
maTematikur nawils win uZRvis maTematikuri aRniSvnebi da formulebi,
romlebic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT testze muSaobis procesSi.
zogadi instruqcia:
testi Sedgeba ori _ verbaluri da maTematikuri _ nawilisgan.

TiToeuli nawili 40 davalebas Seicavs. yovel davalebas axlavs oTxi an
xuTi savaraudo pasuxi, romelTagan mxolod erTia swori.
yuradRebiT waikiTxeT davalebaTa instruqciebi, kargad gaiazreT, ra
mogeTxovebaT TiToeul davalebaSi, da Semdeg airCieT pasuxi.
arCeuli pasuxi aucileblad moniSneT pasuxebis furcelze, romelic axlavs
tests (Sesabamisi instruqcia ixileT pasuxebis furcelze).
testis furclebze moniSnuli pasuxebi ar Semowmdeba.
zogadi unarebis testirebis Sedegi dadgindeba mxolod da mxolod
pasuxebis furclis safuZvelze.
testis TiToeul nawilze samuSaod geZlevaT 1 saaTi da 30 wuTi.
drois amowurvis Sesaxeb gacnobebT meTvalyure.
Tu gaTvaliswinebulze meti droiT SeyovndebiT testis ama Tu im nawilze,
Tqveni naSromi ar Semowmdeba.
Tu ar gaqvT romelime davalebis pasuxi, dros nu dakargavT da gadadiT
Semdeg davalebaze.
Canawerebis an naxazebisTvis gamoiyeneT mxolod da mxolod testis
furclebze arsebuli carieli adgilebi.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
97
maTematikuri aRniSvnebi da formulebi
testis maTematikur nawilze muSaobisas gaiTvaliswineT:
• naxazebi, romlebic erTvis zogierT davalebas, araa Sesrulebuli davalebis pirobaSi
miTiTebuli zomebis zusti dacviT. amitom monakveTebis sigrZis an sxva sidideebis Sesaxeb
daskvnis gamotanisas nu daeyrdnobiT naxazis zomebs. yuradReba gaamaxvileT davalebis
pirobaze;
• Tu naxazze mocemuli swori xazis Sesaxeb amocanis pirobaSi damatebiT araferia naTqvami,
maSin unda CaTvaloT, rom es swori xazi _ wrfea an misi nawili;
• testSi gamoyenebulia ricxvTa Caweris mxolod aTobiTi poziciuri sistema.
maTematikuri aRniSvnebi da formulebi:

1. nuli arc dadebiTia da arc uaryofiTi; 10. paraleluri wrfeebi:
1 ar aris martivi ricxvi. ori paraleluri wrfis mesame
2. procenti: a ricxvis k% aris . wrfiT gadakveTisas Siga jva-
redina kuTxeebi tolia: α = β.
3. xarisxi: an = a · a · a · ...· a (n-jer) 11. samkuTxedi:
an · am = an + m • samkuTxedis kuTxeebis sidideTa jami
an : am = an – m
180°-is tolia;
(an)m = an · m • piTagoras Teorema:
4. proporcia: Tu , maSin ad = bc. marTkuTxa samkuTxedis hipote-
nuzis sigrZis kvadrati kaTe-
manZili tebis sigrZeTa kvadratebis
5. siCqare: siCqare = jamis tolia:
dro
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
6. saSualo ariTmetikuli:
monacemTa jami gverdis sigrZisa da Sesabamisi simaRlis
monacemTa saSualo = namravlis naxevris tolia: .
monacemTa raodenoba
12. oTxkuTxedi:
7. albaToba: xdomilobis albaToba tolia am • oTxkuTxedis kuTxeebis sidideTa jami
xdomilobis xelSemwyob elementarul 360°-is tolia;
xdomilobaTa raodenobis Sefardebisa Tanab- • marTkuTxedis farTobi misi sigrZisa da
rad mosalodnel elementarul xdomilobaTa siganis namravlis tolia: S = ab;
saerTo raodenobasTan. • paralelogramis farTobi misi gverdis
sigrZisa da am gverdis Sesabamisi simaRlis
Tu amocanis pirobaSi sawinaaRmdego
namravlis tolia: S = ah.
araa naTqvami, yovelTvis igulisxmeba, rom
yvela elementaruli xdomiloba Tanabrad 13. wre, wrewiri:
mosalodnelia. • wrewiris sigrZe L misi
radiusis mixedviT gamoiTvleba
8. Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi:
formuliT: L = 2πr;
(a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
π ricxvi, measedis sizustiT, 3,14-is tolia;.
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 • r radiusiani wris farTobi gamoiTvleba
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 formuliT: L = πr2.
9. naxazze kuTxe SeiZleba
moniSnuli iyos kuTxis 14. marTkuTxa paralelepipedi:
• marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
gverdebs Soris Casmuli moculoba misi sigrZis, siganisa da
patara rkaliT, marTi kuTxe simaRlis namravlis tolia: V = abc;
ki _ patara kvadratiT. • kubis SemTxvevaSi: a = b = c.
∠A aRniSnavs A kuTxis sidides.
98
Zalze mniSvnelovania, winaswar gaecnoT instruqciebs, raTa testirebis
procesSi ar daxarjoT bevri dro maT gaazrebaze.
• testze muSaobis dawyebamde kidev erTxel yuradRebiT waikiTxeT
instruqciebi, vinaidan SesaZloa, winamdebare krebulis gamocemis Semdeg
isini umniSvnelod Seicvalos;
• kargad gaiazreT, ra mogeTxovebaT TiToeul davalebaSi, da Semdeg
airCieT pasuxi.
• sworad moniSneT arCeuli pasuxi

testis TiToeul verbalur davalebas axlavs pasuxis oTxi varianti,
TiToeul maTematikur davalebas _ xuTi (gamonakliss warmoadgens raodenobrivi
Sedarebis davalebebi, romlebsac pasuxis oTxi varianti aqvs).
Tqven unda airCioT mxolod erTi varianti, romelic swor pasuxad migaCniaT.
arCeuli pasuxi aucileblad moniSneT pasuxebis furcelze, romelic axlavs
tests (ix. pasuxebis furclis nimuSi Sesabamisi instruqciiT, gv. 233-234).
gaiTvaliswineT:
pasuxebis furceli im saxiT gaswordeba, ra saxiTac gadascemT meTvalyures. Tu
raime Secdomas dauSvebT, pasuxebs araswor adgilas moniSnavT da a.S., gamocdis
dasrulebis Semdeg aRar geqnebaT SesaZlebloba, gamoasworoT es Secdoma.
Tqveni xelweris nimuSis (da ara xelmoweris) dasafiqsireblad aucilebelia,
zedmiwevniT zustad gadaweroT pasuxebis furcelze mocemuli fraza Sesabamis
adgilas.
dauSvebelia pasuxebis furcelze xelis mowera, saxelisa da gvaris, inicialebis
dawera an raime sxva aRniSvnis gakeTeba, radgan am SemTxvevaSi Tqveni naSromi ar
gaswordeba.
Zalze yuradRebiT imuSaveT pasuxebis furcelze da droulad moniSneT
arCeuli pasuxi Sesabamis ujraSi.
• sworad gaanawileT dro

zogadi unarebis testireba 3 saaTs grZeldeba.
testirebisTvis gankuTvnili dro Tanabradaa ganawilebuli verbaluri da
maTematikuri davalebebis Sesasruleblad. Sesabamisad, testis TiToeul nawilze
samuSaod geqnebaT 1 saaTi da 30 wuTi.
zogadi unarebis testirebisas Tavdapirvelad unda imuSaoT testis verbalur
nawilze. verbalur nawilze muSaobisTvis gankuTvnili drois gasvlis Semdeg (im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu muSaoba ar gaqvT dasrulebuli) unda SeudgeT maTematikuri
nawilis davalebaTa Sesrulebas. maTematikur nawilze muSaoba unda daasruloT
aseve 1 saaTisa da 30 wuTis amowurvisTanave.
gaiTvaliswineT:
Tu abiturienti gankuTvnilze meti droiT Seyovndeba testis verbalur an
maTematikur nawilze, misi naSromi ar gaswordeba.
99
• Tu testis verbalur nawilze samuSaod 1 saaTsa da 30 wuTze nakleb
dros daxarjavT, unda daelodoT aRniSnuli drois amowurvas. testis
maTematikur nawilze muSaobis dawyeba mxolod amis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli.
testirebis procedura zogadi unarebis kvlevis mecnieruli standartebisa

da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiTaa SemuSavebuli: zogadi unarebi
(rogorc verbaluri, aseve _ maTematikuri) SezRuduli drois pirobebSi unda
Semowmdes.
mniSvnelovania agreTve abiturientebisTvis verbaluri da maTematikuri
unarebis Semowmebis Tanabari pirobebis uzrunvelyofa (yvela abiturientma
testis TiToeul nawilze muSaobas unda dauTmos ara umetes 90 wuTisa).
testirebis procesSi mniSvnelovania drois sworad ganawileba. SeecadeT,

akontroloT dro da ar SeyovndeT didxans TiToeul davalebaze. Tu
davalebas ver asrulebT 2-3 wuTSi, gadadiT Semdegze. testis martivi da
rTuli davalebebi erTnairad fasdeba. amitom bevr dros nu dauTmobT romelime
davalebis Sesrulebas. sjobs, dazogoT dro da moaswroT rac SeiZleba meti
davalebis Sesruleba.
Tu davalebaze muSaobisas miiCnevT, rom cota dro kidev gWirdebaT mis
dasasruleblad, moniSneT es davaleba da mogvianebiT daubrundiT mas. aseT
SemTxvevaSi ar dagaviwydeT, gamotovoT davalebis Sesabamisi sveti pasuxebis
furcelze.
testis TiToeuli nawilisTvis gankuTvnili drois amowurvamde cota xniT
adre gadaxedeT namuSevars da darwmundiT, rom yvela davalebis Sesruleba
scadeT. ar dagaviwydeT, daubrundeT gamotovebul davalebebs. gaTvaliswinebuli
drois amowurvis Semdeg momdevno nawilze gadasvlas an muSaobis dasrulebas
mogTxoven. ase rom, aRar geqnebaT SesaZlebloba, daubrundeT testis romelime
nawils.
Tu testis calkeul nawilze samuSaod gankuTvnili dro iwureba da veRar
aswrebT yvela davalebis Sesrulebas, mainc moniSneT darCenil davalebebSi
pasuxis romelime varianti. zogjer amgvari àmocnoba~ sulac araa SemTxveviTi,
radgan SesaZloa, pasuxis ramdenime varianti ukve marTebulad gamoricxeT.
zogadi unarebis testis saboloo qula gamoiTvleba mxolod swori

pasuxebis safuZvelze. araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi qula ar dagakldebaT.
testis TiToeuli nawilis bolos, ramdenime wuTiT adre, SewyviteT muSaoba

(im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu ar gaqvT Sesrulebuli yvela davaleba) da gadaamowmeT,
gaqvT Tu ara gadatanili pasuxebis furcelze yvela davalebis pasuxi.
• zogadi unarebis testirebisas akrZalulia nebismieri damxmare masaliT

(mag., kalkulatoriT, leqsikoniT, wignebiT, damatebiTi carieli
furclebiT da a.S.) sargebloba.
• Canawerebis, gamoTvlebis, naxazebisTvis gamoiyeneT mxolod da mxolod
testis furclebze arsebuli carieli adgilebi.
100
verbaluri nawili
analogiebi
savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi mocemulia, aseve, mniSvnelobiT
analogiuria. pasuxis arCevisas gaiTvaliswineT sityvaTa Tanmimdevroba wyvilebSi.
1. astronomi : ciuri sxeuli
(a) lirikosi : poezia

(b) iuristi : sarCeli
(g) lingvisti : ena
(d) komikosi : parodia
2. karnaxi : miniSneba
(a) kraxi : marcxi

(b) pasuxi : SekiTxva
(g) amocana : angariSi
(d) simRera : JReradoba
3. guli : gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistema
(a) xerxemali : Zvlis struqtura

(b) organizmi : ujredis struqtura
(g) Tavis tvini : nervuli sistema
(d) myesi : kunTovani sistema
4. qaris wisqvili : wyali
(a) avtomanqana : sawvavi

(b) wylis Txilamurebi : talRa
(g) qaRaldis TviTmfrinavi : haeri
(d) orTqlmavali : eleqtroenergia
102
5. mTa : aisbergi
(a) mSenebeli : arqiteqtori

(b) mwerali : kompozitori
(g) kinomcodne : kritikosi
(d) memanqane : instruqtori
6. globaluri : lokaluri
(a) permanentuli : sistematuri

(b struqturuli : detaluri
(g) ekologiuri : kosmosuri
(d) spontanuri : dagegmili
103
winadadebebis Sevseba
am saxis davalebebSi mocemulia winadadebebi, romlebSic ramdenime sityvaa
gamotovebuli. gamotovebuli sityvebi winadadebaSi xazebiT aris aRniSnuli.
erTi xazi zogjer erT sityvas gulisxmobs, zogjer ki _ ramdenimes.
savaraudo pasuxTa yovel variantSi mocemulia sityvaTa jgufi, romlis
7. fotografia imden _____ afiqsirebs, ramdenis SesaZleblobasac _____ iZleva,

maSin, rodesac mxatvrobaSi sinamdvile _____ : zoma, forma Tu feri _____ ,
gazviadebuli an Semcirebuli saxiT warmoCndes _ yvelaferi _____ .
(a) detals ver / teqnologia / maqsimaluri sizustiT aisaxeba / SesaZlebelia /

xelovanze rodia damokidebuli
(b) detals ver / Tavad fotografis ostatoba / maqsimaluri sizustiT aisaxeba /
SeuZlebelia / mxatvarzea damokidebuli
(g) detals / teqnologia / amgvari sizustiT ar aisaxeba / SesaZlebelia /
xelovanzea damokidebuli
(d) detals / Tavad fotografis ostatoba / amgvari sizustiT ar aisaxeba /
SeuZlebelia / mxatvarzea damokidebuli
8. esa Tu is cvlileba sxvadasxvagvar fsiqologiur zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva

tipis adamianze. mSiSarasTvis is _____ imis niSania, rom SeiZleba misi _____ .
optimists is axalisebs, rogorc imis niSani, rom SeiZleba _____ . xolo
misTvis, visac sakuTari Tavis rwmena _____ , cvlileba _____ wyaroa, miniSnebaa
imaze, rom _____ .
(a) imedismomcemia, radgan / mdgomareoba gamoswordes / misi saqme ukeTesad

wavides / ar aqvs / Tavis damSvidebis / mas SeuZlia, TviTon warmarTos
cxovreba ukeTesobisken
(b) safrTxea, radgan / saqme cudad wavides / yvelaferma ukeTesobisken qnas piri /
aqvs / STagonebis / mas SeuZlia, TviTon warmarTos cxovreba ukeTesobisken
(g) imedismomcemia, Tumca, / saqme cudadac wavides / misi mdgomareoba ar
gauaresdes / aqvs / imedgacruebis / is verafers Secvlis ukeTesobisken
(d) safrTxea, Tumca, / mdgomareoba gamoswordes / yvelaferma uaresobisken qnas
piri / ar aqvs / sasowarkveTis / is verafers Secvlis ukeTesobisken
104
9. politikuri eqspertebis saqmianoba mniSvnelovnad Seicvala bolo wlebis
ganmavlobaSi: adre maTi ZiriTadi funqcia iyo mimdinare movlenebis ufro
farTo konteqstSi gaazreba, Tvalsazrisis gamoTqma _____Sesaxeb. bolo dros ki
eqspertebi sul ufro _____ laparakoben imaze, _____ , da _____ msjeloben
imaze, _____ .
(a) ukve momxdari faqtebis / naklebad / rac ukve moxda / mets / Tu ra SeiZleba
moxdes momavalSi
(b) mosalodneli cvlilebebis / mets / Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi /
naklebad / rac ukve moxda
(g) ukve momxdari faqtebis / meti sifrTxiliT / Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes
momavalSi / Tamamad / rac ukve moxda
(d) mosalodneli cvlilebebis / meti sifrTxiliT / rac ukve moxda / Tamamad /
Tu ra SeiZleba moxdes momavalSi
10. _____ , adamians imdenad farTo da miukerZoebeli goneba hqondes, rom _____
SeZlos mniSvnelovan sakiTxebSi swor poziciasTan miaxloeba _ aseT SemTxvevebSi
WeSmariteba mxolod _____ miiRweva.
(a) iSviaTia / sakuTari ZalebiT / mowinaaRmdegeTa kamaTis gziT

(b) SeuZlebelia / sxvebis daxmarebiT / sxvebTan dialogiT
(g) SesaZlebelia / sakuTari ZalebiT / mowinaaRmdegeTa kamaTis gziT
(d) mosalodnelia / sxvebis daxmarebiT / damoukidebeli ZalisxmeviT
105
logika
am saxis davalebebi gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan monacemebisa da gamosatani
daskvnebis TvalsazrisiT. amitom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT SekiTxvas,
romelic axlavs TiToeul davalebas, da mocemuli variantebidan airCieT
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
11. profesorma asistents sTxova, studentebis nawerebi Seemowmebina da, Tu

SefasebaTa umravlesoba aradamakmayofilebeli iqneboda, maTTvis damatebiTi
konsultaciebi Caetarebina.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom asistentma ar

Seasrula davaleba?
(a) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, radgan SefasebaTa umravlesoba

damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, aRar Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi
(b) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, Tumca, SefasebaTa umravlesoba
aradamakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, aRar Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi
(g) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, radgan SefasebaTa umravlesoba
aradamakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi
(d) asistentma Seamowma studentebis nawerebi da, Tumca, SefasebaTa umravlesoba
damakmayofilebeli aRmoCnda, mainc Caatara damatebiTi konsultaciebi
12. WianWvelaWamia mcire zomis cxovelia, romelic erT dros Zalze

gavrcelebuli iyo avstraliaSi. Tumca, amJamad CanTosanTa es saxeoba gadaSenebis
pirasaa, rac, zogierTi ekologis azriT, ganpirobebulia adamianis mier am
egzotikuri cxovelis bunebrivi sacxovreblis ganadgurebiTa da masze intensiuri
nadirobiT.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti ayenebs eWvqveS ekologTa am mosazrebas?
(a) avstraliis TiTqmis yvela im regionSi, romelSic gavrcelebulia CanTosanTa

es saxeoba, intensiuri qalaqTmSenebloba mimdinareobs
(b) CanTosanTa es saxeoba binadrobs adamianebis sacxovrebelTan axlos, isini ki
mudmivad afarToeben TavianTi fermebis teritorias axal-axali miwebis
aTvisebis gziT
(g) bolo wlebSi avstraliis mraval regionSi gansakuTrebiT imata meliebisa da
mtacebel frinvelTa ricxvma, romlebic ZiriTadad mcire zomis cxovelebze
nadiroben
(d) am mcire zomis CanTosan cxovelze sakmaod didi moTxovnaa msoflios mraval
zooparkSi, ris gamoc adgilobrivi monadireebi rac SeiZleba meti
WianWvelaWamias Sepyrobas cdiloben
106
13. dedam bavSvebs _ makas, ninos, gios da daTunas _ saaxalwlo saCuqrebi
moumzada, lamazad SefuTa da naZvis xis garSemo wreze daawyo. erT-erTi
maTganisTvis mas SerCeuli aqvs xelTaTmanebi, erTisTvis _ maisuri, erTisTvis _
qudi, erTisTvis ki _ kaSne. garda amisa, cnobilia:
• giosTvis gankuTvnili saCuqari da maisuri gverdigverd awyvia.
• makasTvis gankuTvnili saCuqari kaSnesa da ninosTvis gankuTvnil saCuqars
Soris devs.
• xelTaTmanebi ar aris gankuTvnili makasTvis, kaSne ki ar aris gankuTvnili
giosTvis.
qvemoT mocemulTagan romel striqonSia sworad miTiTebuli, vis romeli

saCuqari aCuqa dedam?
xelTaTmanebi maisuri qudi kaSne

(a) daTunas ninos gios makas
(b) gios daTunas makas ninos
(g) makas gios daTunas ninos
(d) gios ninos makas daTunas
14. megobrebi italiaSi mogzaurobas gegmaven.

erT-erTi maTgani ambobs:
• Tu wavalT veneciaSi, maSin wavalT milanSic, magram ver wavalT romSi.
meore ki pasuxobs:
• Tu wavalT milanSi, maSin romSi da florenciaSic unda wavideT.
Tu davuSvebT, rom orives naTqvami gamarTlda, maSin qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan

romelia SeuZlebeli?
(a) megobrebi wavidnen milanSi

(b) megobrebi wavidnen veneciaSi
(g) megobrebi wavidnen romSi
(d) megobrebi wavidnen florenciaSi
107
kino da literatura specifikiT gansxvavebuli, magram funqciurad

monaTesave niSanTa sistemebia. niSanTa sistemebs, niSnis bunebas semiotika
Seiswavlis. sityvieri Tu kinematografiuli xelovneba warmoadgens mudmivad
cvalebad semiotikur sistemas, gansakuTrebul enas _ mxatvruli nawarmoebi
mkiTxvelsa Tu mayurebels `Tavis enaze~ Taviseburad esaubreba. RerZi da
Semkvreli mxatvruli nawarmoebisa aris simbolo, sityvieri _ literaturaSi da
vizualuri _ kinoSi. simboluri SeiZleba iyos mTeli nawarmoebi an konkretuli
mxatvruli saxe, aseve, nawarmoebis gmiri, magaliTad, don kixoti, hamleti, don
Juani. TiToeulma maTganma, didi xania, SeiZina simboluri mniSvneloba.
mxatvruli simbolo aRniSnavs movlenas, sagansa Tu cnebas garkveuli
msgavsebis safuZvelze. am mimarTebis (msgavsebis) wvdoma mxatvruli warmosaxvis
meSveobiT ama Tu im Sinaarsis ganzogadebis Sedegad aris SesaZlebeli. xelovnebaSi
simbolo migviTiTebs iseT movlenaze, romlis erTmniSvnelovnad gamoxatva
SeuZlebelia. zogjer erTi simbolo gansxvavebul, urTierTsapirispiro movlenebs
aRniSnavs. magaliTad, mxatvrul azrovnebaSi wyali sicocxlis sawyisis, ganwmendis,
ganaxlebis, ganayofierebis simboloa. amave dros, wyals gamanadgureblis,
damangrevelis mniSvnelobac aqvs _ bibliuri warRvna walekavs yovelives, Tumca,
isev wylidan ibadeba axali sicocxle. mxatvruli simbolo movlenis (aRsaniSnis)
siRrmisken warmarTavs Cvens yuradRebas da mudam Riaa axali interpretaciisTvis.
literaturuli simbolos kinosimbolod gardasaxva literaturuli klasikis
ekranizaciis erT-erTi mTavari sirTulea. xSiria klasikis, magaliTad, homerosis
poemebis, tolstois romanebis, ilia WavWavaZis moTxrobebis da sxvaTa ekranizaciis
cdebi, magram iSviaTia, rom literaturuli klasikis safuZvelze kinoklasika
Seiqmnas da ara _ didi qmnilebis mkvdari reproduqcia. Tumca, magaliTad, lukino
viskonti filmiT `sikvdili veneciaSi~ (Tomas manis amave saxelwodebis moTxrobis
mixedviT) axerxebs, gaemijnos literaturul pirvelwyaros da Seqmnas sruliad axali
struqturis mqone mxatvruli simbolo. Tomas manis moTxrobaSi mniSvnelovani
epizodia `dionisuri sizmari~: igi mTavari personaJis mier sakuTari warsulis
uaryofaze migvaniSnebs, magram reJisori Tavs aridebs mis ekranizacias, amjobinebs,
sizmris epizodi Secvalos epizodiT `fiasko koncertze~ da amiT gamoxatos
personaJis gancdaTa simZafre. amgvarad, reJisori literaturul simbolikas kinos
Sesabamisad ucvlis saxes. Tumca, zogierTi literaturuli simbolo Sinaarsisa da
formis sruli SenarCunebiT gadmoaqvs ekranze, magaliTad, qviSis saaTi,
amotivtivebuli bavSvobis mogonebebidan, moxetiale musikosebi da sxv.
nawarmoebis dasawyisSive Tomas mani warmogvidgens saxelmoxveWil mwerals,
gustav aSenbaxs. saxeli `gustavi~ ar aris SemTxveviTi. mkvlevarTa azriT, Tomas
manma is kompozitor gustav maleris saxelis analogiiT SearCia da viskontis
filmic maleris musikis CarCoSia moqceuli. mwerlis personaJic filmSi
Secvlilia kompozitoriT. filmis teqstSi uxvadaa CarTuli siuJeturi
komponentebi Tomas manis sxva romanebidan, Semoyvanilia axali personaJi,
moqmedeba viTardeba da mTavrdeba zRvis fonze, romelic mogvagonebs manis
adreul moTxrobas `sikvdili~. filmi `sikvdili veneciaSi~ aris mogzauroba
Tomas manis samyaroSi. lukino viskontim manis epikuri novelis ekranuli
Txrobisas zedmiwevniT zustad gamoxata misi Sinaarsi.
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15. teqstSi fraza _ `sityvieri Tu kinematografiuli xelovneba warmoadgens
mudmivad cvalebad semiotikur sistemas~ _ migvaniSnebs, rom:
(a) kino da literatura funqciurad monaTesave niSanTa sistemebia, Sesabamisad,

TiToeuls gansakuTrebuli sasaubro ena aqvs: kinos _ vizualuri,
literaturas ki _ sityvieri
(b) yoveli mxatvruli nawarmoebi Taviseburad, misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mxatvruli
Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebiT gadmogvcems saTqmels
(g) simbolo sityvieric SeiZleba iyos da vizualuric, Sesabamisad, literaturasa
da kinoSi es ori saxe mudmivad enacvleba erTmaneTs
(d) mxatvruli nawarmoebis yovel personaJs simboluri mniSvneloba eniWeba,
Sesabamisad, mxatvrul simboloTa mravalferovneba qmnis sxvadasxva sasaubro
enas
16. ra mizniTaa CarTuli teqstSi informacia wylis simbolikis Sesaxeb?
(a) vecnobiT mxatvruli simbolos bunebas: is mniSvnelobiT garkveulwilad

ukavSirdeba aRsaniSns, sxvadasxva konteqstSi SesaZlebelia misi gansxvavebuli
interpretirebac
(b) vecnobiT mxatvruli simbolos bunebas: is mxatvruli warmosaxvis Sedegia da
srulad, amomwuravad axasiaTebs aRsaniSns
(g) ikveTeba mxatvruli simbolos mniSvneloba: is xdeba RerZi da Semkvreli
mxatvruli nawarmoebisa da yovelTvis urTierTsapirispiro cnebebs aRniSnavs
(d) ikveTeba mxatvruli simbolos mniSvneloba: is literaturasa Tu
kinoxelovnebaSi amkvidrebs iseT saxe-simboloebs, rogorebicaa, magaliTad,
don kixoti, hamleti, don Juani da sxv.
17. literaturuli klasikis safuZvelze iSviaTad iqmneba kinoklasika. amis

ZiriTadi mizezi, teqstis mixedviT, is aris, rom:
(a) reJisori literaturul simbolikas kinematografiis specifikis

gaTvaliswinebiT ucvlis saxes
(b) reJisori ejaWveba literaturul pirvelwyaros, cdilobs, ucvlelad
gadmoitanos misi detalebi
(g) reJisori iviwyebs pirvelwyaros da qmnis sruliad axali struqturis mqone
mxatvrul simbolos
(d) reJisori zedmiwevniT zustad ver imeorebs nawarmoebis siuJets, mxatvrul
detalebs
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18. teqstSi aRwerilia literaturuli nawarmoebis ekranizaciis lukino
viskontiseuli xelwera. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel konkretul principze
ar aris saubari teqstSi?
(a) reJisori literaturul simbolos cvlis kinosimboloTi

(b) reJisori emijneba literaturul pirvelwyaros da qmnis axali struqturis
mqone mxatvrul simbolos
(g) reJisori Tavisuflad ekideba nawarmoebis siuJets da sakuTari amocanis
Sesabamisad cvlis epizodebs
(d) reJisori filmSi rTavs cnobil epizodebs nawarmoebis avtoris biografiidan
19. bolo abzacSi vkiTxulobT: `viskontis filmi maleris musikis CarCoSia

moqceuli~. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqtsac, rom filmi iwyeba da mTavrdeba
gustav maleris V simfoniiT, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom:
(a) filmSi ar ismis maleris garda arc erTi sxva kompozitoris musika
(b) filmi marTlac maleris musikis CarCoSia moqceuli, am sityvis pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT
(g) Tomas mani STagonebuli iyo maleris musikiT da viskontis surda, es
eCvenebina
(d) Tomas manis moTxrobis mTavari personaJis prototipi gustav maleri iyo
20. Tengiz abulaZem gadaiRo mxatvruli filmi `natvris xe~ giorgi leoniZis
amave saxelwodebis moTxrobaTa krebulis mixedviT, romelSic mwerali
bavSvobisdroindel ambebs ixsenebs, gvixatavs garemos, romelSic gaizarda,
moTxrobebis personaJebad aqcevs misTvis axlobel adamianebs.
Tengiz abulaZe sxvadasxva moTxrobis (`fufala~, `cicikore~, `marita~ da
sxv.) gmirebis ambebs amTlianebs, Semohyavs axali personaJebi, cvlis bevr epizods.
magaliTad, moTxrobaSi soflisgan gariyuli marita dardiT kvdeba, filmSi ki
mas sastiki brbo uswordeba. Tumca, filmSi SenarCunebulia leoniZis
nawarmoebis ZiriTadi azrobrivi xazi.
literaturuli nawarmoebis ekranizaciis principebis TvalsazrisiT, ra

paralelebze SeiZleba saubari viskontisa da abulaZis filmebs Soris?
(a) uamravi cvlilebis miuxedavad, orive filmSi zustad aris gadmocemuli

mwerlis samyaro da suliskveTeba
(b) viskonti ekranizaciisTvis irCevs manis erT nawarmoebs, sxva nawarmoebebs ki
damxmare saSualebebad iyenebs. xolo abulaZe ramdenime moTxrobas Tanabari
datvirTviT iyenebs
(g) orive reJisori Tavs aridebs mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi Taviseburebebis
gamosaxatavad vizualuri efeqtebis gamoyenebas
(d) mTavari personaJis tragizmis gamosaxatavad viskonti iyenebs originalur
simbolos, abulaZe ki imeorebs mwerliseul mxatvrul xerxebs
110
analogiebi
mocemulia sityva, romelsac savaraudo pasuxebidan unda SeusabamoT erT-erTi
varianti, ise, rom sityvaTa mniSvnelobebs Soris mimarTeba sawyis wyvilSi
arsebuli mimarTebis analogiuri iyos.
21. viTom : TiTqos miuxedavad amisa :

(a) radgan
(b) Tumca
(g) Torem
(d) amitom
22. rgavs : krefs msjelobs :

(a) ikvlevs
(b) asabuTebs
(g) askvnis
(d) kamaTobs
23. zavi : piroba konsensusi :

(a) daTmoba
(b) dapireba
(g) winaaRmdegoba
(d) moTxovna
24. adaptacia : garemosTan Segueba asimilacia :

(a) gadagvareba
(b) gaucxoeba
(g) damsgavseba
(d) daSoreba
25. wyali : sarke mdinaris foni :

(a) xidi
(b) CanCqeri
(g) kaSxali
(d) morevi
26. kaleidoskopi : erTferovneba rituali :

(a) Tanmimdevroba
(b) stabiluroba
(g) Tavisebureba
(d) siaxle
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27. axlo aRmosavleTi mdebareobs `Zveli samyaros~ SuagulSi. _____ , pirdapiri

manZili iranidan Soreul aRmosavleTamde, dasavleT evropamde da samxreT
afrikamde _____ , Tumca, rukis masStabis gamoyenebiT gazomilma manZilma
SeiZleba Segvacdinos, radgan, _____ , satransporto komunikaciisaTvis umoklesi
manZili _____ .
(a) marTalia / Tanabari ar aris / geometriis msgavsad / aris swori xazi

(b) Sesabamisad / Tanabari unda iyos / geometriis msgavsad / yovelTvis ar aris
swori xazi
(g) marTlac / TiTqmis Tanabaria / geometriisgan gansxvavebiT / yovelTvis ar
aris swori xazi
(d) miuxedavad amisa / araTanabaria / geometriisgan gansxvavebiT / aris swori
xazi
28. xelovnebaSi verasodes iqneba originaluri is, vinc _____ . xolo is, vinc
_____ Tqmas cdilobs, ise, rom ar dardobs imaze, Tu ramdenad _____ , aTi
SemTxvevidan cxraSi raRacas _____ ityvis, Tumca, SeiZleba verc ki
gaacnobieros es.
(a) originalurobas ar eswrafvis / marTlac raime uCveulos / misaRebi iqneba

misi azri sxvebisaTvis / sruliad banalurs
(b) originalurobas eswrafvis / ubralod WeSmaritebis / xSirad uTqvamT is
adrec / marTlac originalurs
(g) banalurobas gaurbis / raRac originaluris / xSirad uTqvamT is adrec /
sruliad banalurs
(d) banalurobas ar gaurbis / yvelasTvis cnobili WeSmaritebis / misaRebi iqneba
misi azri sxvebisaTvis / marTlac originalurs
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29. ucnauria, rom zogierTi moazrovne _____ miiCnevs adamianebis bunebiT
Tanasworobas, rom _____ maT movaleobas, uyvardeT erTmaneTi; _____ erTmaneTis
winaSe adamianTa valdebulebebi, samarTlianobisa da Rirseuli qcevis wesebi.
(a) imdenad iluzorul idead / ar aRiarebs arc / Sesabamisad, am ukanasknelidan

gamohyavs
(b) ise TavisTavad cxadad da ueWvelad / masze afuZnebs / xolo am
ukanasknelidan gamohyavs
(g) imdenad iluzorul idead / masze ver afuZnebs / Sesabamisad, masze
damokidebulad miaCnia
(d) ise TavisTavad cxadad da ueWvelad / mis safuZvlad aRiarebs / xolo masze
damokidebulad miaCnia
30. televizias erTdroulad or rameSi sdeben brals da, _____ , erTi da igive
adamianebi: erTi, rom _____ , Secvalos samyaro; meorec, rom _____ .
(a) bunebrivia / is ar cdilobs / misi mcdelobiT samyaro dRiTidRe uaresi

xdeba
(b) rac marTlac ucnauria / mas SeuZlia / is ar cdilobs, ukeTesobisken
Secvalos samyaro
(g) rac marTlac ucnauria / is uZluria / misi gamoisobiT samyaro dRiTidRe
uaresi xdeba
(d) bunebrivia / is cdilobs / misi mcdelobis miuxedavad, samyaro ukeTesobisken
ar icvleba
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logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
31. TamaSis wesebis Tanaxmad, xuTi bavSvidan erT-erTma raime unda daxatos, erT-
erTma ki gamoicnos, vinaa naxatis avtori. iraklis unda gamoecno naxatis
avtoris vinaoba. kiTxvaze – vin daxata es saxli? – bavSvebma upasuxes:
daTuna: Tikom an likam.
Tiko: me davxate.
giga: likam.
lika: daTunam.
vin aris naxatis avtori, Tuki bavSvebidan mxolod erTi ambobs simarTles?
(a) giga
(b) Tiko
(g) lika
(d) daTuna
32. Sotlandiis CrdiloeTSi aRmoCenil erT-erT uZveles sacxovrebel kompleqsSi,

skara breiSi, sacxovrebeli saxlebis Sesasvlelis orive mxares dgas qvis sawoli:
ufro didi _ Sesasvlelis marjvniv, momcro ki _ marcxniv. vinaidan CrdiloeT
Sotlandiis am mxareSi dResac arsebobs tradicia, romlis mixedviTac mamakacebs
ufro did sawolebze sZinavT, vidre _ maT colebs, mkvlevarma ivarauda, rom
skara breiSi marjvena sawoli qmrisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, xolo marcxena _
colisTvis.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba daayenebda eWvqveS mkvlevris varauds?
(a) gaTxrebis Sedegad dadasturda, rom skara breis mcxovrebTa socialuri

organizacia stabilur ojaxur erTobebs efuZneboda
(b) samarxebis Seswavlam daadastura, rom skara breis preistoriul mosaxleobaSi
bevrad ufro mkveTrad iyo gamokveTili mamakacebsa da qalebs Soris fizikuri
gansxvavebebi (sqesobrivi dimorfizmi), vidre _ Tanamedrove adamianebSi
(g) skara breis yvela saxlis Sesasvleli kari anjamebze marcxena mxridan ekida da
SigniT iReboda, ris gamoc Semsvleli pirvelad marjvena sawols xedavda
(d) skara breis preistoriul mosaxleobas arc genetikurad da arc
kulturulad araferi aqvs saerTo am mxaris amJamindel mosaxleobasTan,
romelic ramdenime saukunis win gadmosaxlda evropis kontinentidan
114
33. mocemulia sami winadadeba:
I. sportsmeni, romelic bevrs ar varjiSobs, ver miaRwevs warmatebas.
II. zogierTi sportsmeni bevrs varjiSobs.
III. arseboben warmatebuli sportsmenebi.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba aRwers sworad am winadadebebs Soris

mimarTebas?
(a) I da II winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs III

(b) I da III winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs II
(g) II da III winadadebebidan gamomdinareobs I
(d) arc erTi maTgani ar gamomdinareobs danarCeni oridan
34. mocemulia:
• zogierT fexmard cxens grZeli fafari aqvs.
• arc erT TeTr cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba unda aviRoT mesame wanamZRvrad, raTa

davaskvnaT, rom zogierTi gaxednili cxeni TeTri ar aris?
(a) zogierT gaxednil cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari

(b) arc erT gaxednil cxens ar aqvs grZeli fafari
(g) arc erTi fexmardi cxeni ar aris gaxednili
(d) yvela fexmardi cxeni gaxednilia
115
holandielma botanikosma hugo de frizma mcenareebze dakvirvebiT aRmoaCina,

rom individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari
Serevisa da gasaSualoebis gareSe. amasTanave, ama Tu im TaobaSi Cndeba erTi da
imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba, romelic danarCenebisgan mkveTrad
gansxvavdeba, da misi niSan-Tvisebebi memkvidreobiT gadaecema STamomavlobas. ram
SeiZleba ganapirobos is, rom Cndeba mosalodnelisgan gansxvavebuli niSan-
Tvisebebi? rogor SeiZleba aRmocendes axali geni, Tuki yvela geni
mSoblebisganaa memkvidreobiT miRebuli?
ujredis gayofis procesSi TiToeuli qromosoma replicirdeba, anu
yalibdeba meore qromosoma yvela im geniT, romlebic pirvel qromosomaze
arsebulis identuria. Tumca, drodadro SesaZlebelia, am procesSi moxdes
`Secdoma~ da miviRoT qromosoma originalisagan gansxvavebuli geniT. roca
amgvari ram xdeba, axali ujredi, romelsac gadaecema Secvlili genis mqone
qromosoma, Tavisi qimiuri SemadgenlobiT gansxvavdeba mSobeli ujredisgan. amis
Semdeg ujredis yoveli axali gayofisas iqmneba ukve Secvlili qromosoma da is
arasodes ubrundeba Tavis sawyis formas. process, romlis Sedegad qromosoma
Secvlili saxiT iCens Tavs ise, rom uecrad icvleba ujredis qimiuri
Semadgenloba, mutacia ewodeba.
evoluciis TvalsazrisiT, mutacia garkveulwilad uzrunvelyofs genetikur
mravalferovnebas, romelic aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom saxeobebma SeZlon
bunebrivi gadarCevis gziT garemo pirobebTan Segueba. magaliTad, nebismieri
mutacia, romelic saSualebas miscems bocvers, ufro swrafad irbinos,
daexmareba mas mtrisgan gaqcevaSi. mas gadarCenis meti Sansi eqneba, vidre _ sxva,
amgvari mutaciis armqone bocvers. sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis Sedegad mas,
sxvebTan SedarebiT, meti STamomavlobis gaCenis saSualebac eqneba. zogierTi misi
STamomavali `damatebiTi siCqaris~ genis mflobeli aRmoCndeba, Sesabamisad, met
xansac icocxlebs da meti STamomavlobac eyoleba. garkveuli drois Semdeg
SesaZloa, saxecvlili bocveri mTlianad Caenacvlos uwindelsaxeobas.
mutacia SeiZleba warmoadgendes cvlilebas rogorc ukeTesobisaken, ise
uaresobisaken, radgan is an xels uwyobs, an xels uSlis organizmis Seguebas ama
Tu im garemosTan. magaliTad, mutacia, romelic albinosobas iwvevs, sasargeblo
iqneba arqtikis binadarTaTvis, radgan uzrunvelyofs TeTr, damcav Seferilobas,
magram sazianoa im cxovelebisTvis, romlebic sxva pirobebSi binadroben.
mutacias SemTxveviTi xasiaTi aqvs da mis Sedegad warmoqmnili cvlilebebis
ganmtkiceba Zalze xangrZlivi procesia. amdenad, SeiZleba isic vifiqroT,
rombunebrivi gadarCevis TvalsazrisiT, is araefeqturia. Tumca, cnobilia, rom
adamiani odiTganve cdilobda, Tavis sasargeblod gamoeyenebina mutaciebi da
xelovnuri gziT ganemtkicebina momxdari cvlilebebi Semdgom TaobebSi, rac
mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa axali jiSebis gamoyvanis SesaZleblobas qmnida.
magaliTad, inglisSi me-18 saukunis bolos gaCnda moklefexeba cxvris jiSi. mas
amkvidrebdnen da amravlebdnen mxolod imitom, rom am jiSis cxvrebs ar SeeZloT
Robeebze gadaxtoma, rac mecxvareebis saqmianobas mniSvnelovnad aiolebda.
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35. qvemoT mocemulia debulebebi I-sa da II abzacebs Soris kavSiris Sesaxeb.
maTgan romeli ar aris swori?
(a) II abzacSi avtori cdilobs, pasuxi gasces im SekiTxvebs, romlebic I abzacSia

dasmuli
(b) II abzacSi konkretuli fiziologiuri procesis aRweris safuZvelze axsnilia
de frizis mier dakvirvebisas miRebuli Sedegebi, romlebic miTiTebulia I
abzacSi
(g) I abzacSi miTiTebuli dakvirvebis Sedegi II abzacSi aRwerili mutaciis
fenomenis gamovlinebas warmoadgens
(d) I abzacSi dasmuli SekiTxvebi eWvis qveS ayenebs genebis mutaciis meqanizmis
ganmartebas, romelic II abzacSia mocemuli
36. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel winadadebebs Sorisaa SesaZlebeli, Caisvas

sityva `Tumca~?
(a) individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari Serevisa

da gasaSualoebis gareSe _ drodadro am procesSi SesaZlebelia moxdes
`Secdoma~
(b) drodadro am procesSi SesaZlebelia moxdes `Secdoma~_ yovel TaobaSi
Cndeba erTi da imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba
(g) yoveli axali gayofisas iqmneba ukve Secvlili qromosoma _ yovel TaobaSi
Cndeba erTi da imave saxeobis mcenareTa axali nairsaxeoba
(d) individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari Serevisa
da gasaSualoebis gareSe _ yalibdeba meore qromosoma yvela im geniT,
romlebic pirvel qromosomaze arsebulis identuria
37. mesame abzacSi vkiTxulobT: zogierTi misi STamomavali `damatebiTi siCqaris~

genis mflobeli aRmoCndeba.
`damatebiTi siCqare~ Casmulia brWyalebSi, radgan:

(a) es sityvebi gamoyenebulia uCveulo konteqstSi, rogorc genis pirobiTi
saxelwodeba
(b) avtori amgvarad gamoxatavs Tavis ironiul damokidebulebas aRwerili
situaciis mimarT
(g) mutaciis amgvari SemTxveva mxolod hipoTeturadaa mosalodneli
(d) am sityvebiT aRniSnulia bocvris sicocxlis gaxangrZlivebis erT-erTi xerxi
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38. mecxramete saukuneSi mrewvelobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, rasac atmosferos
dabinZureba mohyva, inglisis samrewvelo raionebSi aryis xeebis totebi
WvartliT daifara. amis Sedegad aq gavrcelebuli aryis xis pepela, romelic,
Cveulebriv, Ria ferisa iyo, Savma saxeobam Caanacvla. es peplebi dRis saaTebs
aryis xis totebze atareben da Savi feri maT Citebisgan Tavis dacvis
SesaZleblobas aZlevs.
teqstis romel abzacebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis ilustracias warmoadgens es

magaliTi?
(a) I-sa da V-Si

(b) II-sa da IV-Si
(g) III-sa da IV-Si
(d) III-sa da V-Si
39. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelSia asaxuli bolo abzacis ZiriTadi azri?
(a) mutaciis gareSe adamiani ver SeZlebda cxovelTa axali jiSebis seleqcias
(b) mutaciebi imisTvis xdeba, rom adamianma ganamtkicos ama Tu im cocxali
organizmis axali niSan-Tvisebebi
(g) mutaciis xelovnuri gziT ganmtkicebiT SesaZlebelia im saxeobebis gamravleba,
romlebic adamianisTvis sasurveli niSan-TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba
(d) xelovnuri mutaciis gamoyenebiT adamiani genetikis kanonTa yovelgvari
codnis gareSe efeqturad axorcielebda saseleqcio saqmianobas
40. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel mosazrebas moepoveba yvelaze meti sabuTi

teqstSi?
(a) mutaciebs ganapirobebs rogorc bunebriv saarsebo garemoSi momxdari

cvlilebebi, ise adamianis Careva genetikur procesebSi
(b) genebis cvlilebebs da, Sesabamisad, mutaciebs ZiriTadad fizikuri pirobebi,
garemo ganapirobebs
(g) mutaciebi, genebis cvlileba organizmSi momxdari fiziologiuri procesebis
Sedegia da ar aris damokidebuli saarsebo garemos Taviseburebebze
(d) mutaciebi organizmSi momxdari fiziologiuri procesebis Sedegia, romlis
ganmtkiceba SesaZloa, damokidebuli iyos saarsebo garemos Taviseburebebze
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maTematikuri nawili
• naxazebi, romlebic Tan erTvis zogierT davalebas, ar aris Sesrulebuli

sigrZis an sxva sidideebis Sesaxeb daskvnis gamotanisas nu daeyrdnobiT naxazis
zomebs. yuradReba gaamaxvileT davalebis pirobaze;
• Tu naxazze mocemuli swori xazis Sesaxeb amocanis pirobaSi damatebiT araferia
naTqvami, maSin unda CaTvaloT, rom es swori xazi wrfea an misi nawili;

wrfiT gadakveTisas Siga jvaredina
2. procenti: a ricxvis k% aris .
kuTxeebi tolia: α = β.
n
3. xarisxi: a = a · a · a · ...· a (n-jer) 11. samkuTxedi:
n m n–m 180°-is tolia;
a :a =a
m • piTagoras Teorema:
(a n ) = a n · m marTkuTxa samkuTxedis
4. proporcia: Tu , maSin ad = bc. hipotenuzis sigrZis
kvadrati kaTetebis sigrZeTa
manZili
5. siCqare: siCqare = kvadratebis jamis tolia:
dro
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
monacemTa jami
monacemTa saSualo = gverdis sigrZisa da Sesabamisi simaRlis
monacemTa raodenoba namravlis naxevris tolia: .
7. albaToba: Tu yvela elementaruli 12. oTxkuTxedi:
xdomiloba Tanabrad mosalodnelia, maSin • oTxkuTxedis kuTxeebis sidideTa jami
xdomilobis albaToba tolia am xdomilobis 360°-is tolia;
xelSemwyob elementarul xdomilobaTa • marTkuTxedis farTobi misi sigrZisa da
raodenobis Sefardebisa elementarul siganis namravlis tolia: S = ab;
xdomilobaTa saerTo raodenobasTan. • paralelogramis farTobi misi gverdis
Tu amocanis pirobaSi sawinaaRmdego araa sigrZisa da am gverdis Sesabamisi simaRlis
naTqvami, yovelTvis igulisxmeba, rom elementa- namravlis tolia: S = ah.
ruli xdomilobebi Tanabrad mosalodnelia. 13. wre, wrewiri:
8. Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi: • wrewiris sigrZe misi
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 formuliT: L = 2πr;
(a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 π ricxvi, measedis sizustiT, 3,14-is tolia;
(a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2 • r radiusiani wris farTobi
gamoiTvleba formuliT: S = πr2.
gverdebs Soris Casmuli • marTkuTxa paralelepipedis
patara rkaliT, marTi kuTxe moculoba misi sigrZis, siganisa da
ki _ patara kvadratiT. simaRlis namravlis tolia: V = abc;
∠A aRniSnavs A kuTxis sidides. • kubis SemTxvevaSi: a = b = c.
119
raodenobrivi Sedareba
meti, airCieT (d).
A B
4,004
41. 1,5 (a) (b) (g) (d)
3,003
A da B qalaqebidan erTmaneTis Sesaxvedrad

erTdroulad gamovida ori avtobusi. rogorc
pirveli, aseve, meore avtobusi Seuferxeblad, Tanabari
42. siCqariT moZraobda. Sexvedris Semdeg pirvel avtobuss (a) (b) (g) (d)
B qalaqSi Casasvlelad 25 km-is gavla dasWirda, meores
ki A-Si Casasvlelad _ 30 km-isa.
pirveli avtobusis meore avtobusis
siCqare siCqare
erTmaneTis toli oTxi patara

wrewiri didi wrewiris SigniT
mdebareobs.
43. (a) (b) (g) (d)
didi wrewiris patara wrewirebis

sigrZe sigrZeTa jami
120
printeri kompiuterze 4-jer iafia, kompiuteri ki
musikalur centrze 3-jer Zviria.
44. (a) (b) (g) (d)
printeris fasi musikaluri centris fasi
3a + 3b ≠ 0
45.
a 2 + 2ab + b 2 a+b (a) (b) (g) (d)
3a + 3b 3
badis TiToeuli ujredi

kvadratia. AB da CD
monakveTebis boloebi badis
(a) (b) (g) (d)
46. kvanZebs emTxveva (ix. naxazi).
AB monakveTis sigrZe CD monakveTis sigrZe
121
amocanebi
47. ramdeniTaa naklebi udidesi luwi samniSna ricxvi udides oTxniSna ricxvze?
(a) 9001-iT
(b) 8999-iT
(g) 900-iT
(d) 101-iT
(e) 99-iT
48. 70 cali aguri 4 rigadaa dawyobili. yovel momdevno rigSi winasTan

SedarebiT agurebis raodenoba 1-iT naklebia. ramdeni aguria bolo rigSi?
(a) 12
(b) 13
(g) 14
(d) 15
(e) 16
49. Tu kvadratis farTobia 25 sm2, maSin am kvadratis perimetria:

(a) 5 sm
(b) 10 sm
(g) 12,5 sm
(d) 20 sm
(e) 22,5 sm
122
50. 42-is meramdenedi nawilia 35?
(a) 1
3
(b) 2
3
(g) 3
4
(d) 5
6
(e) 12
35
51. Salvas a cali fanqari aqvs. is am fanqrebs erTnair kolofebSi awyobs.

Salvam 3 kolofi Seavso, meoTxe kolofis Sesavsebad ki 5 fanqari daaklda.
ramdeni fanqari eteva erT kolofSi?
(a) a − 5
4
(b) a +5
4
(g) a+5
4
(d) a −5
4
(e) a −9
4
123
monacemTa analizi
aprilSi Rvinis qarxanam sxvadasxva dasaxelebis Rvino gayida. diagramaze

mrudebiT SemosazRvrulia areebi, romlebic gviCvenebs, Tu romel dReebSi
gaiyida tkbili, naxevrad tkbili, mSrali da naxevrad mSrali Rvinoebi da ra
farglebSi meryeobda erTi litri Rvinis fasi dRis ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad,
diagramidan Cans, rom 10 aprils qarxanas gauyidia mSrali da naxevrad tkbili
Rvinoebi, amasTan, erTi litri mSrali Rvinis fasi am dRis ganmavlobaSi 4,15-
4,35 laris farglebSi meryeobda, xolo naxevrad tkbilisa _ 4,30-4,55 laris
farglebSi.
diagramis mixedviT upasuxeT Semdeg 4 SekiTxvas:

52. ramdeni lariT meti iyo naxevrad tkbili Rvinis minimaluri fasi naxevrad
mSrali Rvinis minimalur fasze?
(a) 0,30 lariT
(b) 0,25 lariT
(g) 0,20 lariT
(d) 0,15 lariT
(e) 0,10 lariT
53. erT-erT dRes myidvelis mier SeZenili erTi litri Rvinis fasi 4 larisa da
55 TeTris toli iyo. CamoTvlilTagan romel dRes SeiZleboda momxdariyo es?
(a) 6 aprils
(b) 9 aprils
(g) 12 aprils
(d) 15 aprils
(e) 16 aprils
124
54. 24 aprils Rvinis qarxanam 2000 litri naxevrad mSrali da 3000 litri
tkbili Rvino gayida. CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos am dRes
Rvinis gayidviT miRebuli Semosavali?
(a) 19600 laris
(b) 20900 laris
(g) 21300 laris
(d) 21800 laris
(e) 22900 laris
55. romeli winadadebaa marTebuli diagramis mixedviT?

(a) gayiduli naxevrad tkbili Rvinis fasi yovelTvis aRemateboda mSrali
Rvinis fass
(b) zogierT dRes mxolod tkbili Rvino gaiyida
(g) mxolod erTi dRe iyo iseTi, roca oTxive dasaxelebis Rvino gaiyida
(d) gayiduli tkbili Rvinis raodenoba aRemateboda gayiduli naxevrad
mSrali Rvinis raodenobas
(e) im dReebis raodenoba, roca gaiyida mSrali an naxevrad mSrali Rvino,
aRemateboda im dReebis raodenobas, roca gaiyida tkbili an naxevrad tkbili
Rvino
amocanebi
56. Tu a da b iseTi ricxvebia, rom a + b < 0 , maSin:
(a) ab > 0 an a > 0
b
(b) a < 0 an b < 0
(g) ab < 0 an a < 0
b
(d) a < 0
(e) b < 0
57. oTxi wrfis gadakveTisas miRebuli kuTxeebidan

zogierTis sidide miTiTebulia naxazze. α =
(a) 50°
(b) 45°
(g) 40°
(d) 35°
(e) 30°
125
58. andros, ninos da paatas saSualo asaki 9 welia. ramdeni wlis Semdeg iqneba
maT asakTa jami 39 wlis toli?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(g) 6
(d) 8
(e) 10
59. a, b da c aTze naklebi iseTi naturaluri ricxvebia, rom a + b + 9c = 97.

ris tolia a + b ?
(a) 9
(b) 11
(g) 12
(d) 14
(e) 16
60. klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba 30-ze naklebia. sakontrolo weris Sedegebi

aseTi iyo: moswavleTa meSvidedma miiRo 10 qula, meoTxedma _ 8 qula,
danarCenebma _ 7 qula. ramden moswavles miuRia 8 qula?
(a) 7
(b) 6
(g) 5
(d) 4
(e) 3
126
meti, airCieT (d).
A B
−27-dan 26-is CaTvliT −25-dan 24-is CaTvliT

61. yvela mTeli ricxvis yvela mTeli ricxvis (a) (b) (g) (d)
jami jami
mineraluri da wyaros
wylebis Camomsxmeli kompania
yovelTviurad erTsa da imave
raodenobis wyals asxamda.
diagramaze mocemulia,
62.
zafxulis TveebSi Camosxmuli (a) (b) (g) (d)
wylis ramdeni procenti iyo mineraluri.
zafxulis ganmavlobaSi zafxulis ganmavlobaSi

Camosxmuli mineraluri Camosxmuli wyaros
wylis raodenoba wylis raodenoba
simaRleze xtomaSi Sejibris TiToeulma monawilem

orjer Seasrula naxtomi. Sefardeba im sportsmenTa
raodenobisa, romlebmac warmatebiT Seasrules
naxtomi, maT raodenobasTan, vinc es ver SeZlo,
pirveli naxtomis SemTxvevaSi 4:9-is toli iyo, xolo
63. (a) (b) (g) (d)
meoreSi _ 3:7-isa.
im sportsmenTa im sportsmenTa
raodenoba, romlebmac raodenoba, romlebmac
warmatebiT Seasrules warmatebiT Seasrules
pirveli naxtomi meore naxtomi
127
k iseTi mTeli ricxvia, rom 0,10203⋅10k > 100 .
64. (a) (b) (g) (d)
k 4
A, C da K asoebiT
aRniSnulia kubis
65. (a) (b) (g) (d)
wveroebi (ix. naxazi).
∠ACK ∠AKC
amocanebi
66. marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze

mocemulia wrewiri, romlis centria O (4; 5) .
ris tolia am wrewirze mdebare wertilebis
y-koordinatebidan umciresis mniSvneloba, Tu
udidesis mniSvneloba 8-is tolia?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(g) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
67. a, b, c da d naturaluri ricxvebidan TiToeuli 1-ze metia. ras udris am

ricxvebis jami, Tu maTi namravli 330-is tolia?
(a) 17
(b) 19
(g) 21
(d) 23
(e) 25
128
68. 4 furclidan TiToeuli gaWres sam nawilad, Semdeg TiToeuli naWeri isev
sam nawilad gaWres da ase moiqcnen kidev 5-jer. miRebuli naWrebis raodenobaa:
(a) 3 + 4 5
(b) 3· 54
(g) 5 · 43
(d) 4 + 37
(e) 4 · 37
69. MNK samkuTxedSi MN = NK < MK . CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli

SeiZleba iyos am samkuTxedis kuTxeTa sidideebi?
(a) 50 ° , 50 ° , 80 °
(b) 70 ° , 70 ° , 40 °
(g) 60 ° , 60 ° , 60 °
(d) 30 ° , 60 ° , 90 °
(e) 75 ° , 60 ° , 45 °
70. naturaluri ricxvis `sigrZe~ vuwodoT am ricxvis martiv TanamamravlTa

raodenobas. magaliTad, 24-is `sigrZe~ 4-is tolia, radgan 24 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 .
CamoTvlilTagan romlis `sigrZea~ 3-is toli?
(a) 3
(b) 21
(g) 36
(d) 56
(e) 63
71. Tu a da x iseTi ricxvebia, rom a > 3 da 3x − 5a = 0 , maSin x aucileblad

akmayofilebs pirobas:
(a) x > 8
(b) x > 5
(g) x = 5
(d) x < 5
(e) x < 8
129
monacemTa sakmarisoba
72. ABC tolferda samkuTxedis AC fuZis Sesabamisi simaRle 4 sm-is tolia.

I. AB ferdis sigrZea 5 sm.
II. AC fuZis sigrZea 6 sm.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris tolia samkuTxedis farTobi:
(a) I piroba sakmarisia, II ki _ ara

(b) II piroba sakmarisia, I ki _ ara
(g) I da II piroba erTad sakmarisia, cal-calke arc erTi ar aris sakmarisi
(d) sakmarisia cal-calke rogorc I, aseve, II piroba
(e) mocemuli pirobebi ar aris sakmarisi
73. arxis gasayvanad ori brigada daiqiraves. Tu mxolod pirveli brigada

imuSavebs, maSin arxis gayvanas 12 dRe dasWirdeba.
I. arxis sigrZea 360 m.
II. meore brigada pirvelTan SedarebiT 3-jer ufro swrafad muSaobs.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni dRe dasWirdeba arxis gayvanas, Tuki orive
brigada erTad imuSavebs:
130
74. maRaziaSi televizorebis 50% pirvel kviraSi gaiyida, xolo meore kviraSi
gaiyida mxolod 12 televizori, romelTagan naxevari feradi iyo.
I. meore kviraSi gaiyida darCenili feradi televizorebis 60%.
II. pirvel kviraSi gayiduli televizorebidan mxolod 10 iyo feradi.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni televizori iyo Tavdapirvelad maRaziaSi:
75. mziani dReebis fardobiTi sixSire drois SualedSi (magaliTad, kviris, Tvis
Tu wlis ganmavlobaSi) ewodeba mocemul SualedSi mziani dReebis raodenobis
Sefardebas dReebis saerTo raodenobasTan.
I. seqtembris pirvel naxevarSi mziani dReebis fardobiTi sixSire 2 -is toli

3
iyo.
II. seqtembris meore naxevarSi mxolod 12 dRe iyo mziani.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris tolia mziani dReebis fardobiTi sixSire seqtembris
TveSi:
131
amocanebi
76. naxazze mocemulia tol kubebad dayofili

marTkuTxa paralelepipedi, romlis moculobaa 96 sm3.
ris tolia am paralelepipedis udidesi wibos sigrZe?
(a) 2 sm
(b) 3 sm
(g) 4 sm
(d) 5 sm
(e) 6 sm
77. mTargmneli Txzulebis Targmnas momdevno kviris orSabaTs, saRamos

daasrulebs. igi yoveldRe muSaobs da dReSi 6 gverds Targmnis. mas rom dReSi
4 gverdi eTargmna, maSin Txzulebis Targmnas 2 dRiT gvian daasrulebda. kviris
romel dRes dauwyia Txzulebis Targmna mTargmnels?
(a) samSabaTs
(b) xuTSabaTs
(g) paraskevs
(d) SabaTs
(e) kviras
78. marTkuTxedis erT gverdze moniSnulia 3 wertili, mis mopirdapire gverdzec _

3 wertili. sul ramdenia iseTi samkuTxedi, romelTa samive wvero moniSnul
wertilebs emTxveva?
(a) 6
(b) 9
(g) 16
(d) 18
(e) 20
132
79. gias ninosTan SedarebiT 20%-iT meti xelfasi aqvs, Teonas ki giasTan
SedarebiT _ 20%-iT meti. ramdeni procentiT meti xelfasi aqvs Teonas ninosTan
SedarebiT?
(a) 44%-iT
(b) 40%-iT
(g) 32%-iT
(d) 26%-iT
(e) 20%-iT
80. samecniero konferenciaSi mxolod germaneli, frangi da italieli mecnierebi

monawileobdnen, sul _ 45 mecnieri. frang mecnierTa raodenoba konferenciis
monawileTa saerTo raodenobis 2 -ze naklebi iyo, xolo germanelebi 2-jer metni
3
iyvnen, vidre _ italielebi. minimum ris toli SeiZleba iyos konferenciaSi
monawile italiel mecnierTa raodenoba?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(g) 7
(d) 8
(e) 9
133
verbaluri nawili
analogiebi
1. maskaradi : niRabi
(a) klaviatura : musikaluri sakravi

(b) cilindri : geometriuli sxeuli
(g) hospitali : samxedro nawili
(d) krosvordi : sityvebis ganlageba
2. zRva : mozRvaveba
(a) sazRvari : gansazRvreba

(b) cecxli : gacecxleba
(g) mTa : momTabareoba
(d) myinvari : gamyinvareba
3. niJara : bakani
(a) cixe : koSki

(b) soro : bunagi
(g) qoxi : farduli
(d) beReli : wisqvili
4. qveteqsti : wvdoma
(a) nimuSi : ilustrireba

(b) sqolio : komentireba
(g) amocana : amoxsna
(d) azri : ganxilva
135
5. droSa : himni
(a) molberti : palitra

(b) saaTi : ciferblati
(g) rgoli : samajuri
(d) leqsi : poema
6. globaluri : lokaluri
(a) permanentuli : sistematuri

(b struqturuli : detaluri
(g) ekologiuri : kosmosuri
(d) spontanuri : dagegmili
136
7. _____ Cvens Secdomebs _____ da maT safuZvelze gamocdilebas _____ ,

yoveli morigi Secdoma _____ .
(a) radgan / ar viTvaliswinebT / ar viZenT / axali gvgonia

(b) radgan / TiTqmis yovelTvis viTvaliswinebT / viZenT / axali gvgonia
(g) miuxedavad imisa, rom / TiTqmis yovelTvis viTvaliswinebT / viZenT / advilad
SeiZleba aviciloT Tavidan
(d) miuxedavad imisa, rom / ar viTvaliswinebT / ar viZenT / SeuZlebelia
aviciloT Tavidan
8. yvela xalxis folklori savsea zogadi gamonaTqvamebiT cxovrebaze. es

gamonaTqvamebi _____ , isini udavo WeSmaritebebadaa aRiarebuli, _____ maT
namdvil Sinaarss adamiani _____ , roca _____ maT realobad aqcevs.
(a) yvelas rodi axsovs / amitom / pirvelad mxolod maSin ixsenebs /

yoveldRiuroba
(b) yvelas axsovs / amitom / mxolod maSin ixsenebs / mtkivneuli gamocdileba
(g) yvelam rodi icis / magram / mxolod maSin acnobierebs / yoveldRiuroba
(d) yvelam icis / magram / pirvelad mxolod maSin acnobierebs / mtkivneuli
gamocdileba
137
9. kino ar aris saukeTeso mediumi ambebis TxrobisTvis _ is metismetad _____
adgils utovebs warmosaxvas da _____ zRudavs mas, warmarTavs reJisoris mier
gansazRvruli mimarTulebiT. roca _____ , rom personaJi oTaxSi Semovida,
_____ scenari SeiZleba warmoidginoT. xolo roca _____ , rom is oTaxSi
Semovida, _____ .
(a) did / minimalurad / ekranze xedavT / mxolod erTi / kiTxulobT / Tavad

akeTebT arCevans uamrav SesaZlo scenars Soris
(b) did / minimalurad / kiTxulobT / aTasgvari / ekranze xedavT / Tavad
akeTebT arCevans uamrav SesaZlo scenars Soris
(g) mcire / mkacrad / ekranze xedavT / aTasgvari / kiTxulobT / mxolod erTi
scenariT xarT SezRudulni
(d) mcire / mkacrad / kiTxulobT / aTasgvari / ekranze xedavT / mxolod erTi
scenariT xarT SezRudulni
10. mecnieruli Teoriis _____ mkiTxvelebs xSirad _____ ambavi hgoniaT. Tavad
mecnierebma ki ician, rom mecniereba _____ . mecniers SeiZleba guli dawydes,
Tu misTvis saintereso hipoTeza mcdari aRmoCndeba, imedi gaucruvdes, Tu misi
samuSao Teoriis araadekvaturoba damtkicdeba. magram hipoTezis uaryofa _____
am imedgacruebas Tu gulistkivils.
(a) marcxi / arcTu samwuxaro / win warmatebuli TeoriebiT miiwevs / mas iseT
gakveTils aswavlis, romlis Rirebulebac verasodes gadawonis
(b) warmateba / arc ise sasixarulo / win warmatebuli TeoriebiT miiwevs /
iseTi umniSvnelo danakargia mecnierebisTvis, rom verc ki SevadarebT
(g) marcxi / samwuxaro / mxolod sakuTar Secdomebze swavliT sazrdoobs / mas
iseT gakveTilebs aswavlis, romelTa Rirebulebac gadawonis
(d) warmateba / Zalian sasixarulo / mxolod sakuTar Secdomebze swavliT
sazrdoobs / imxela danakargia mecnierebisTvis, rom mniSvnelobiT bevrad
aRemateba
138
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
11. sastumros menejerma Tavis asistents sTxova, sawyobSi darCenili higienuri

saSualebebis raodenoba Seemowmebina da, Tu maragi ori kviris samyofze naklebi
aRmoCndeboda, saswrafod ezruna mis Sevsebaze.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romel SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom asistentma

ar Seasrula menejeris miTiTeba?
(a) asistentma Seamowma sawyobSi darCenili higienuri saSualebebis raodenoba da,

radgan arsebuli maragi ori kviris samyofze meti aRmoCnda, ar izruna mis
Sevsebaze
(b) asistentma Seamowma sawyobSi darCenili higienuri saSualebebis raodenoba da,
Tumca arsebuli maragi ori kviris samyofze naklebi aRmoCnda, ar izruna mis
Sevsebaze
(g) asistentma Seamowma sawyobSi darCenili higienuri saSualebebis raodenoba da,
radgan arsebuli maragi ori kviris samyofze naklebi aRmoCnda, mis Sevsebaze
izruna
(d) asistentma Seamowma sawyobSi darCenili higienuri saSualebebis raodenoba da,
Tumca arsebuli maragi ori kviris samyofze meti aRmoCnda, mainc izruna mis
Sevsebaze
12. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi A qveynidan

B qveyanaSi mosaxleobis migraciis maCveneblebi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda.
eqspertebma amis mizezad B qveyanaSi socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis
gaumjobeseba miiCnies.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ganamtkicebs eqspertTa varauds?
(a) migrirebuli mosaxleobis umetesoba migraciamdec cxovrobda garkveuli

periodis ganmavlobaSi B qveyanaSi da hqonda socialuri kavSirebis damyarebis
saSualeba
(b) migrirebuli mosaxleobis umetesoba B qveynis eTnikuri umravlesobis
warmomadgeneli iyo
(g) aRniSnuli drois monakveTSi B qveyanaSi ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa dasaqmebis
maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba gacilebiT ufro liberaluri gaxda
(d) migrirebuli mosaxleobis udidesi nawili B qveyanaSi ganaTlebis misaRebad
wavida, rac samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg dasaqmebis albaTobas zrdida
139
13. wignebis karadaSi sami Taroa. maTgan erTi bolomdea Sevsebuli wignebiT,
erTi _ sanaxevrod, erTze ki ori wigni devs. amasTan, erT-erT Taroze mxolod
franguli wignebi awyvia, meoreze _ mxolod germanuli, xolo mesameze _
mxolod inglisuri.
• Taro, romelzec germanuli wignebi awyvia, naxevradSevsebuli Taros qveSaa.
• karadaSi mxolod ori inglisuri wignia.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelia SeuZlebeli?
(a) inglisuri wignebi karadis Sua Taroze awyvia

(b) franguli wignebi karadis zeda Taroze awyvia
(g) germanuli wignebi karadis Sua Taroze awyvia
(d) germanuli wignebi karadis qveda Taroze awyvia
14. anim saaxalwlo koncertze mosawvevi baraTi miiRo. baraTis gamogzavna

mxolod misi oTxi megobridan erT-erTs SeeZlo. anim hkiTxa megobrebs: `vin
gamomigzavna mosawvevi baraTi?~
nika: mosawvevi baraTi lukam gamogigzavna.
luka: ara, me ar gamomigzavnia.
giorgi: arc me.
Tika: biWebidan mxolod erTi ambobs simarTles.
qvemoT CamoTvlili SemTxvevebidan romelia aucileblad WeSmariti?
(a) anis megobrebidan mxolod erTma Tqva simarTle

(b) anis megobrebidan mxolod orma Tqva simarTle
(g) anis megobrebidan mxolod samma Tqva simarTle
(d) anis oTxive megobarma simarTle Tqva
140
roca saubroben ama Tu im reJisoris kinematografiul samyaroze, xSirad
gulisxmoben kinoxelovnebis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa Tavisebur gamoyenebas,
garkveuli tempisa da ritmis, Suq-Crdilebis Sexamebas da a. S. Tuki reJisori
axerxebs amis ganxorcielebas garkveuli TanmimdevrulobiTa da stiliT, da
gascdeba ukve gatkepnil gzebs, mas sakuTari kinosamyaros Semqmnelad miiCneven,
amboben, rom igi amdidrebs kinematografiul enas, axal niuansebs sZens mas.
zogjer cdiloben, kinoena sasaubro enis analogiiT Seiswavlon. amisaTvis,
upirveles yovlisa, unda ganisazRvros sasaubro enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
erTeulebis ekvivalentebi kinematografSi. `kinosityvebis~ anu mniSvnelobis mqone
umartivesi elementebis nimuSebi firze aRbeWdili obieqtebia (adamianebi,
cxovelebi, usulo sagnebi), `kinofrazisa~ _ kinosityvebis iseTi Tanmimdevroba
da monacvleoba, romlis meSveobiTac dasrulebuli azri gamoixateba.
kinofrazebis azriani àkinZva~ montaJis saSualebiT kinokonteqsts qmnis.
kinokonteqstebis Taviseburi monacvleoba (isev montaJis saSualebiT) ki aris
kinoenaze moTxrobili ambavi, kinematografiuli teqsti _ filmi.
kinematografiuli enis eqspresiulobis misaRwevad gansakuTrebuli
mniSvneloba eniWeba kinometaforas. metafora berZnuli sityvaa da niSnavs
gadatanas, e. i. erTi sagnis Tvisebis meoreze gavrcelebas. amgvari gadatana
emyareba am saganTa raime niSniT msgavsebas anda maT gansxvavebas, kontrasts.
kinematografiul TxrobaSi metafora avtoris pozicias gamokveTs. SeiZleba
filmis saTauric metaforuli iyos, magaliTad, `dakarguli samoTxe~, `wiTeli
udabno~ da sxv.
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom kinometafora, Cveulebriv, ori kadris, ori
gamosaxulebis Sepirispirebis Sedegad ibadeba. ori gamosaxulebidan, romlebic
metaforas badebs, pirveli, rogorc wesi, kinoambis elementia. meore komponentic
SesaZloa iyos kinoTxrobis elementi, romelic xels uwyobs mis ganviTarebas,
Tumca, zogjer is sruliad ar ukavSirdeba konkretul moqmedebas. amgvari
gansxvavebuli gamosaxulebis SemotaniT reJisori aZlierebs wina gamosaxulebis
STabeWdilebas, ufro emociurs xdis ori gamosaxulebis Sepirispirebas. magaliTad,
ingmar bergmanis filmSi `Semodgomis sonata~ buzi, romelic minas askdeba
personaJebis, evaldisa da evas, saubris epizodSi, uSualod ar ukavSirdeba arc
evaldis portrets, romelic win uZRvis mas, da arc momdevno kadrs _ evas
daZabuli saxis gamometyvelebas. magram reJisori am or kadrs Soris amontaJebs
buzis momabezrebel bzuils, rac metaforulad gamoxatavs evaldis uazro
cxovrebiseul fusfuss, buzis bzuilis msgavss, da Tan migvaniSnebs mis umweobaze.
roca felinis àmarkordSi~ musolinis uzarmazari Tavi TiTqos miwidan
amoizrdeba, damswre sazogadoebis yvela wevri uneburad welSi gaswordeba,
yvelas xeli misasalmeblad gaiWimeba, yvelas sunTqva Seekvreba, sazogadoeba
erTgvarovan, daZabul, uazro masad gadaiqceva. felini erTi usityvo montaJuri
fraziT gamoxatavs totalitaruli reJimis zegavlenas adamianebze, calkeuli
pirovnebis WanWikad qcevis ideas. musolinis uzarmazari gamosaxuleba,
damontaJebuli gaSeSebul masasTan, da paralelurad mocemuli kadrebi, sadac
nacistur formaSi gamowyobili jariskacebi WianWvelebiviT irevian quCebSi,
ikiTxeba, rogorc Zaladobis STambeWdavi metafora.
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15. reJisori sakuTar kinosamyaros qmnis, Tu is:
(a) kargad icnobs da iyenebs kinematografiis tradiciul meTodebs, droTa

ganmavlobaSi SemuSavebul mxatvrul xerxebs
(b) sxvebisgan gansxvavebulad iyenebs kinoxelovnebis teqnikur saSualebebs,
montaJis xerxebs
(g) Camoayalibebs kinoxelovnebis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa originalur,
mwyobr sistemas
(d) epoqisTvis damaxasiaTebeli stilis dacviT qmnis gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebaTa
sistemas
16. kinematografiuli teqstis Seqmna niSnavs:
(a) kinofrazebis Tavmoyras erTian kinokonteqstSi

(b) montaJis meSveobiT kinosityvebis urTierTdakavSirebas
(g) sasaubro enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli erTeulebis ekvivalentebis gansazRvras
kinematografSi
(d) kinofrazebis iseTi TanmimdevrobiT akinZvas, rom kinoenaze moTxrobili ambavi
miviRoT
17. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ar aris kinometaforis daniSnuleba?
(a) gamokveTos filmisa Tu epizodis mTavari azri

(b) gaaZlieros filmis emociuri zemoqmedeba
(g) warmoaCinos reJisoris TvalTaxedva
(d) daupirispiros erTmaneTs ori gamosaxuleba
18. ra mizniT aris ganxiluli teqstSi epizodi bergmanis filmidan `Semodgomis

sonata~?
(a) kinometaforis erT-erTi saxis sailustraciod

(b) kontrastuli kadrebis dakavSirebis xerxis sailustraciod
(g) filmis personaJebis cxovrebis wesis sailustraciod
(d) reJisoris mxatvruli azrovnebis specifikis sailustraciod
142
19. ra gansxvavebaa struqturis, agebulebis TvalsazrisiT bergmanisa da felinis
metaforebs Soris, romlebic teqstSia ganxiluli?
(a) bergmanis metaforis erTi komponenti kinoTxrobis elementia, meore ki ar

ukavSirdeba filmSi konkretul qmedebas; felinis metaforaSi ki
totalitarizmis ideasTan dakavSirebuli orive komponenti kinoTxrobis
elementia
(b) bergmanis metaforaSi buzis kadrs win uZRvis personaJis portreti da
mosdevs, aseve, personaJis saxis gamometyveleba; felinis metafora ki ufro
erTgvarovania: orive kadrSi jariskacebis masa Cans
(g) bergmanis metafora ori kadrisgan Sedgeba: evaldisa da evas portretebi da
buzi minaze; felinis metaforaSi ki or kadrs (musolinis figurasa da
gaSeSebul masas) ukavSirdeba mesame _ paraleluri kadri nacisti
jariskacebisa
(d) bergmanis metaforis orive komponenti kinoTxrobis elementia; felinis
metaforaSi ki erTi komponenti kinoambis elementia, meore ki _ uSualod ar
ukavSirdeba aRniSnul epizodSi warmodgenil qmedebas
20. gaecaniT ramdenime cnobas filmebis Sesaxeb:

I _ federiko felinis `gza~: filmis personaJebi italiis provinciebSi
daxetialeben lukmapuris saSovnelad. amave dros, es damqancveli xetiali aris
Zieba dakarguli gzisa RmerTisken.
II _ miqelanjelo antonionis `wiTeli udabno~: filmis personaJebis cxovreba
mwiria, qaosuri da usicocxlo, rogorc udabno.
III _ oTar ioselianis `pastorali~: sityva `pastorali~ soflur idilias
niSnavs. filmis gmirebs ki namdvili RirebulebiTi orientirebi daukargavT
da sulier `vakuumSi~ aRmoCenilan.
IV _ ingmar bergmanis `Semodgomis sonata~: Semodgomis moaxloeba
karCaketilobis, sikvdilis mauwyebelia. filmis reJisorma xazi gausva gmirTa
Soris urTierTobis `sicives~. filmi sonatis formiT viTardeba rogorc
kompoziciurad, ise _ azrobrivad.
CamoTvlilTagan romeli filmis saTauria metaforuli, kontrastis niSniT?

(a) `gza~
(b) `wiTeli udabno~
(g) `pastorali~
(d) `Semodgomis sonata~
143
analogiebi
21. rezervuari : maragis Senaxva reklama :

(a) investireba
(b) prezentacia
(g) popularizacia
(d) konkurencia
22. obobas qseli : intriga siraqlemas pozicia :

(a) realobis aRqma
(b) realobis imitireba
(g) realobis Secvla
(d) realobisgan gaqceva
23. xizani : saxli gladiatori :

(a) Tavisufleba
(b) brZolis manera
(g) sabrZolo xelovneba
(d) asparezi
24. danarTi : finali winasityvaoba :

(a) epilogi
(b) reziume
(g) prologi
(d) preistoria
25. wyali : mdinare haeri :

(a) vakuumi
(b) atmosfero
(g) qari
(d) Jangbadi
26. patara : burTula klaknili :

(a) gvirabi
(b) serpantini
(g) estakada
(d) biliki
144
27. adamianebi socialur jgufs _____ erTi da imave amocanebis gadasaWrelad

muSaoben. _____ , manqanis muSaobisas misi nawilebis ùrTierTTanamSromloba~
_____ isini sazogadoebas ar qmnian. Tumca, am nawilebs rom samuSaos Sesaxeb
informacia hqondeT da dainteresebulebi iyvnen misi SesrulebiT ise, rom
TavianT saqmianobas am saerTo miznis Sesabamisad warmarTavdnen, maSin es ukve
_____ .
(a) mxolod imitom rodi qmnian, rom / marTlac / maqsimaluria, magram /

namdvili sazogadoeba iqneboda
(b) qmnian mxolod imitom, rom / analogiurad / minimaluria da amitom /
namdvili sazogadoeba iqneboda
(g) qmnian mxolod maSin, roca / amis sapirispirod / maqsimaluria da, mainc, /
sazogadoeba aRar iqneboda
(d) mxolod imitom rodi qmnian, rom / magaliTad / minimaluria, da /
sazogadoeba aRar iqneboda
28. Zveli fotosuraTebi _____ , rom maTze Cven varT gamosaxulni. _____
adamiani, romelsac vuyurebT, _____ arsebobs, da mas rom Cveni danaxva
SeZleboda, CvenSi sakuTar Tavs _____ amoicnobda.
(a) CvenTvis Zalian Zvirfasia, vufrTxildebiT maT, radgan gvgonia / gvaviwydeba,

rom / isev / iolad
(b) Zalian matyuaraa: isini gviqmnis iluzias / es ki tyulia _ / aRar /
namdvilad ver
(g) yoveli CvenganisTvis amaRelvebelia imitom / es simarTlea _ / isev /
namdvilad ver
(d) Cven sevdas gvgvris, swored imitom / simarTle isaa, rom / aRar / iolad
145
29. adamianebs ar uyvarT fiqri. metic, isini miT ufro gaurbian fiqrs, rac
ufro mZime problemis winaSe aRmoCndebian. Tumca, intuicia maT karnaxobs,
_____ , da amitom _____ . amis gamoa, rom isini mxsnelad miiCneven da gahyvebian
mas, vinc _____ , vinc _____ sisuste da danaSaulia.
(a) ra gziT unda wavidnen / mainc umklavdebian problemebs / maT dafiqrebas

SeaCvevs / umaRles inteleqtualur saTnoebad gamoacxadebs intuiciis imedze
yofnas, rac erTi SexedviT
(b) ra gziT unda wavidnen / mainc umklavdebian problemebs / intuiciis
gaZlierebis gzas aRmoaCens / maT daarwmunebs, rom azrovnebaze uaris Tqma da
intuiciis imedze yofna
(g) rom dafiqreba marTebT / sindisi qenjniT / maTTvis Tavis gamarTlebas
moigonebs / saTnoebad _ Tan umaRles inteleqtualur saTnoebad _
gamoacxadebs imas, rac maTi
(d) rom dafiqreba marTebT / sindisi qenjniT / am intuiciis daTrgunvis xerxs
moigonebs / daarwmunebs maT, rom azrovnebasa da fiqrze uaris Tqma amqveynad
yvelaze didi
30. moswavleTa moTxovnilebebisa da SesaZleblobebis _____ mosazrebas, _____

sagnebi da swavlebis meTodebi, romlebic Tavisi arsiT da daniSnulebiT _____
gonebrivi ganviTarebisTvis.
(a) gauTvaliswinebloba warmoSobs / TiTqos arsebobs / yovelTvis kargia

(b) gaTvaliswineba aZlierebs / rom ar arsebobs / odesme sasargeblo iqneba
(g) gauTvaliswinebloba gangvimtkicebs / rom ar arsebobs / yovelTvis mavnea
(d) gaTvaliswineba ukuagdebs / TiTqos arsebobs / odesme usargeblo aRmoCndeba
146
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
31. nikom stipendia aiRo da tanisamosis SeZena gadawyvita. maRaziebis

daTvalierebis Semdeg man daaskvna:
• Tu SeviZen qurTuks, maSin SeviZen Sarvalsac, magram ver SeviZen qamars.
• Tu SeviZen Sarvals, maSin qamari da kedebic unda SeviZino.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romelia SeuZlebeli, Tu davuSvebT, rom niko sworad

msjelobs?
(a) nikom SeiZina Sarvali

(b) nikom SeiZina kedebi
(g) nikom SeiZina qurTuki
(d) nikom SeiZina qamari
32. Sotlandiis CrdiloeTSi, okeanis sanapirosTan aRmoCenili erT-erTi uZvelesi

sacxovrebeli kompleqsi, skara brei, dasaxlebuli iyo Zv. w. 3180-2500 wlebSi,
Semdeg ki dacarielda, niadagisa da qviSis SreebiT daifara. arqeologTa erTi
jgufi varaudobs, rom skara breis mosaxleebma gamanadgurebeli StormiT
walekvis SiSiT erTbaSad da naCqarevad miatoves TavianTi sacxovreblebi.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba ayenebs eWvqveS arqeologTa varauds?
(a) cnobilia, rom daaxloebiT Zv. w. 2500 wlidan dedamiwaze klimati mkveTrad
Seicvala, acivda da gaxSirda bunebrivi kataklizmebi, ramac gamoiwvia
CrdiloeTis mxareebidan adamianTa masobrivi migracia samxreTisaken
(b) arqeologebma skara breis saxlebSi aRmoaCines bevri Zvirfasi nivTi _
cxovelis kbilebisa da Zvlebisgan damzadebuli yelsabamebi, lomveSapis
eSvisgan damzadebuli mosarTavebi da auTvisebeli sakvebis kvalic ki
(g) skara breis sanapiro zoli ZiriTadad kldovania, ris gamoc mas, okeanis
bevri sxva sanapirosgan gansxvavebiT, aTaswleulebis ganmavlobaSi
mniSvnelovani erozia ar ganucdia
(d) Zv. w. mesame aTaswleulis ganmavlobaSi evropis ukidures CrdiloeTSi bevri
preistoriuli dasaxleba dacarielda, radgan Semcirda okeanis bioresursebi,
romlebzec maTi mosaxleoba iyo damokidebuli
147
I. adamiani, romelic bevrs ar kiTxulobs, ver iqneba ganaTlebuli.
II. zogierTi adamiani bevrs kiTxulobs.
III. arseboben ganaTlebuli adamianebi.

mimarTebas?

34. mocemulia:
• zogierT maradmwvane mcenares xasxasa mwvane foTlebi aqvs.
• arc erT wiwvovan mcenares ar aqvs xasxasa mwvane foTlebi.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba unda aviRoT mesame wanamZRvrad, raTa

davaskvnaT, rom zogierTi tropikuli mcenare wiwvovani ar aris?
(a) zogierT tropikul mcenares ar aqvs xasxasa mwvane foTlebi

(b) arc erT tropikul mcenares ar aqvs xasxasa mwvane foTlebi
(g) arc erTi maradmwvane mcenare ar aris tropikuli
(d) yvela maradmwvane mcenare tropikulia
148
ingliselma naturalistma Carlz darvinma samecniero samyaros gaacno

evoluciis idea. 1831 wels man xomald `bigliT~ dedamiwis irgvliv imogzaura.
mogzaurobisas darvinma yuradReba miaqcia cxovelTa geografiuli ganawilebis
Taviseburebebs. samxreT amerikis faunaSi warmodgenili iyo iseTi formebi,
romlebic ar iyo Crdilo amerikaSi. darvinis azriT, mravali saukunis win am
ori kontinentis fauna msgavsi iyo da maT Soris gansxvaveba mogvianebiT
geografiulma cvlilebebma ganapiroba.
darvinma gansakuTrebiT saintereso masala moipova galapagosis
arqipelagze, romelic daaxloebiT 950 kilometriTaa daSorebuli samxreT
amerikis sanapirosgan. es vulkanuri warmoSobis kunZulebi ufro gvian gaCnda,
vidre _ amerikis kontinenti. darvinma kunZulebze Seiswavla cxovelTa (mTiulas,
kus da a. S.) endemuri formebi da aRmoaCina, rom arqipelagisa da samxreT
amerikis faunas Soris aris rogorc msgavseba, ise gansxvavebac. mTiulaze
dakvirvebisas man daadgina, rom arqipelagis 14 kunZulidan TiToeulze binadrobs
am frinvelis gansxvavebuli saxeoba. Zneli dasajerebeli iyo, rom ToTxmetive
saxeoba `mxolod am kunZulebisTvis Seiqmna~.
darvinis varaudiT, mTiulas kontinenturma saxeobam didi xnis win daiwyo
kunZulebis kolonizacia. kontinentze is sxva saxeobis frinvelTa mxridan
konkurencias ganicdida, galapagosis kunZulebze ki mas auTvisebeli saarsebo niSebi
daxvda. mTiulas Semdgomi Taobebi TandaTan daiyo erTmaneTTan axlos mdgom
saxeobebad. zogierTi saxeobis sakvebad iqca mwerebi, zogierTisa ki – sxvadasxva
mcenaris nayofi. Sesabamisad, yovel saxeobas ganuviTarda niskartis gansxvavebuli
forma, sxeulis Taviseburi zoma.
ram gamoiwvia amgvari evoluciuri cvlilebebi? ram gadaaqcia mcenareWamia
mTiula mweriWamiad? darvini ver gaiziarebda lamarkis varauds, romlis Tanaxmad
Citebma `gasinjes~ mwerebi, moewonaT da miRebuli gamocdileba gadasces TavianT
STamomavlobas. darvinma am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema SeZlo mas Semdeg, rac
gaecno ingliseli ekonomistis Tomas malTusis Sromebs. malTusi amtkicebda, rom
qveynis mosaxleobis zrda yovelTvis win uswrebs sakvebis warmoebas, amitom
mosaxleobis ricxovnoba TviTregulirdeba an avadmyofobebiT, an omebiT.
darvinma ivarauda, rom imave principebis gamoyeneba sicocxlis sxva formebis
mimarTacaa SesaZlebeli. magaliTad, mTiulaTa pirveli nakadi ukontrolod
mravldeboda da male maTi ricxvi ise gaizarda, rom mcenareTa Teslis
raodenoba aRar aRmoCnda maTTvis sakmarisi. amis Sedegad zogierTma mTiulam
sxva mcenareTa nayofiT an mwerebiT daiwyo kveba. is, romelic ver `Seegua~ axal
sakvebs, ganwiruli iyo SimSilisTvis Tu gadasaSeneblad.
amgvarad, garemo pirobebis brma zewola axal saxeobaTa Camoyalibebis
ganmapirobebel faqtorad iqca, yoveli saxeoba gansxvavdeboda meorisagan da
saerTo winaprisgan. es bunebrivi gadarCeva iyo. cnobilia, rom adamians
odiTganve gamohyavda misTvis sasurvel niSan-TvisebaTa mqone cxovelebis jiSebi.
rogorc irkveva, drodadro adamians bunebac ènacvleba~ da `Tavisi miznebiT
gamohyavs~ axali jiSebi, anu saxeobebs aguebs cvalebad garemo pirobebs.
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35. ra funqcia aqvs teqstis pirvel winadadebas?
(a) exmareba mkiTxvels, gaerkves im mravalferovani masalis arsSi, romelic

mopovebulia cxovelTa samyaroze dakvirvebiT
(b) Tavidanve mianiSnebs im mTavar Temaze, romlis irgvliv aigeba mTeli Semdgomi
msjeloba
(g) ganawyobs mkiTxvels im poziciis gasaziareblad, romelsac emxroba avtori
ganxilul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT
(d) asrulebs erTgvari formaluri Sesavlis rols, romliTac iwyeba amgvari
tipis nebismieri teqsti
36. darvinis varaudiT, ra urTierTkavSiri arsebobda geografiul cvlilebebsa

da cxovelTa geografiuli ganawilebis Taviseburebebs Soris Crdilo da samxreT
amerikis faunis, aseve galapagosisa da samxreT amerikis faunis SemTxvevebSi?
(a) amerikis ori kontinentis fauna erTmaneTs daSorda da, Sesabamisad, gaCnda
cxovelTa gansxvavebuli saxeobebi, xolo galapagosze moxda samxreT amerikis
binadar cxovelTa zogierTi saxeobis migrireba
(b) amerikis ori kontinentis cxovelTa samyaros Soris gaCnda rogorc
gansxvaveba, ise msgavseba, maSin, roca galapagosis kunZulebsa da samxreT
amerikaSi gavrcelda frinvelTa mxolod erTi saxeoba
(g) samxreT da Crdilo amerikaSi gavrcelda cxovelTa gansxvavebuli saxeobebi,
msgavsad amisa, samxreT amerikisa da galapagosis cxovelTa samyaro sruliad
gansxvavebulma saxeobebma Caanacvla
(d) samxreT da Crdilo amerikis fauna erTmaneTs daSorda, radgan maTi
binadarni migrirebdnen erTi kontinentidan meoreze, xolo galapagosze
damkvidrdnen samxreT amerikis cxovelTa endemuri saxeobebi
37. ra gavlena moaxdina Tomas malTusis naSromebma darvinis SexedulebaTa

Camoyalibebaze?
(a) darvinma gaacnobiera, Tu rogor SeiZleba TviTregulirebis ekonomikuri

principebis gamoyeneba cxovelTa ukontrolod zrdis asaxsnelad
(b) adamianTa ricxovnobis TviTregulirebis principis gaTvaliswinebiT darvinma
SeZlo, aexsna saxeobaTa mravalferovnebis ganmapirobebeli meqanizmebi
(g) darvinma yuradReba gaamaxvila axali Cveulebebis SeZenis rolze, riTac
sabolood gaemijna lamarkis hipoTezas gamocdilebis gadacemis Sesaxeb
(d) darvinma evoluciur cvlilebaTa mizezebi daukavSira gamocdilebis
memkvidreobiT gadacemis meqanizms, romelic safuZvlad udevs bunebriv
gadarCevas
150
38. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ar warmoadgens bunebrivi gadarCevis Sedegs?
(a) yovel saxeobas ganuviTarda niskartis gansxvavebuli forma, sxeulis Taviseburi

zoma
(b) mTiulas Semdgomi Taobebi TandaTan daiyo erTmaneTTan axlos mdgom saxeobebad
(g) yoveli saxeoba gansxvavdeboda meorisagan da saerTo winaprisgan
(d) mTiulaTa ricxvi ise gaizarda, rom mcenareTa Teslis raodenoba aRar
aRmoCnda maTTvis sakmarisi
39. teqstis bolo winadadeba migvaniSnebs:

(a) garkveul analogiaze bunebrivi da xelovnuri gadarCevis procesebs Soris
(b) bunebrivi da xelovnuri gadarCevis procesis ganmasxvavebel niSnebze
(g) evoluciis procesSi xelovnuri gadarCevis upiratesobaze bunebrivTan
SedarebiT
(d) garemo pirobebis brma zewolis sapirispirod moqmedi xelovnuri gadarCevis
miznebze
40. qvemoT mocemulia ori cnoba:

1. darvinma Seiswavla mtredebis garegnul niSnebze xelovnuri SerCevis gavlena,
ris safuZvelzec darwmunda, rom ama Tu im Taviseburebis miznobrivi
ganmtkicebiT SesaZlebelia mtredebis seleqcia ise, rom maT sasurveli niSan-
Tvisebebi hqondeT.
2. ingliselma naturalistma alfred uolesma aRmoaCina, rom ZuZumwovrebis
avstraliuri saxeobebi ufro primitiuli iyo, vidre _ aziuri. uolesma
ivarauda, rom avstraliis kontinenti mowyda da dascilda materiks manam, sanam
aziurma saxeobebma evolucia ganicades.
teqstis romel abzacebs exmianeba es cnobebi?
(a) orive cnoba _ I, II da V abzacebs

(b) pirveli cnoba _ V abzacs, xolo meore – I, II da III abzacebs
(g) pirveli cnoba _ II, IV da V abzacebs, xolo meore – I abzacs
(d) orive cnoba II, IV da V abzacebs
151
maTematikuri nawili


n
a :a =a
manZili
dro
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
monacemTa jami
152
meti, airCieT (d).
A B
6,06
41. 4,04 1,5 (a) (b) (g) (d)

erTdroulad gamovida ori matarebeli. rogorc
pirveli, aseve, meore matarebeli Seuferxeblad,
Tanabari siCqariT moZraobda. Sexvedris Semdeg pirvel
42. matarebels B qalaqSi Casasvlelad 50 km-is gavla (a) (b) (g) (d)
dasWirda, meores ki A-Si Casasvlelad _ 30 km-isa.
pirveli matareblis meore matareblis
siCqare siCqare
erTmaneTis toli oTxi patara

wrewiri didi wrewiris SigniT
mdebareobs. TiToeuli maTganis
43. radiusis sigrZe 3-jer naklebia didi (a) (b) (g) (d)
wrewiris radiusis sigrZeze.
didi wrewiris patara wrewirebis

sigrZe sigrZeTa jami
153
dana 4-jer Zviria Cangalze, xolo kovzi 5 lariT
iafia danaze. (a) (b) (g) (d)
44.
kovzis Rirebuleba 3 Canglis Rirebuleba
x≠y
45. x 2 − 2 xy + y 2 (a) (b) (g) (d)
x+ y
x− y
badis TiToeuli
ujredi kvadratia. AC
da BD monakveTebis
boloebi badis kvanZebs (a) (b) (g) (d)
46.
emTxveva (ix. naxazi).
AC monakveTis sigrZe BD monakveTis sigrZe
154
amocanebi
47. ramdeniTaa naklebi umciresi kenti samniSna ricxvi udides oTxniSna ricxvze?
(a) 99-iT
(b) 101-iT
(g) 900-iT
(d) 9000-iT
(e) 9898-iT
48. 54 cali aguri 4 rigadaa dawyobili. yovel momdevno rigSi winasTan

SedarebiT agurebis raodenoba 1-iT naklebia. ramdeni aguria pirvel rigSi?
(a) 13
(b) 14
(g) 15
(d) 16
(e) 17
49. Tu kvadratis perimetria 20 sm, maSin am kvadratis farTobia:

(a) 10 sm2
(b) 25 sm2
(g) 40 sm2
(d) 50 sm2
(e) 100 sm2
155
50. 72-is meramdenedi nawilia 27?
(a) 1
6
(b) 1
3
(g) 1
4
(d) 3
8
(e) 8
27
51. Tornikes a cali fanqari aqvs. is am fanqrebs erTnair kolofebSi awyobs.

5 kolofis Sevsebis Semdeg Tornikes 10 fanqari darCa. ramdeni fanqari eteva
erT kolofSi?
(a) a −10
5
(b) a − 10
5
(g) a + 10
5
(d) a +10
5
(e) a − 5
5
156
monacemTa analizi
aprilSi Rvinis qarxanam sxvadasxva dasaxelebis Rvino gayida. diagramaze

mrudebiT SemosazRvrulia areebi, romlebic gviCvenebs, Tu romel dReebSi
gaiyida tkbili, naxevrad tkbili, mSrali da naxevrad mSrali Rvinoebi da ra
farglebSi meryeobda erTi litri Rvinis fasi dRis ganmavlobaSi. magaliTad,
diagramidan Cans, rom 10 aprils qarxanas gauyidia mSrali da naxevrad tkbili
Rvinoebi, amasTan, erTi litri mSrali Rvinis fasi am dRis ganmavlobaSi 4,15-
4,35 laris farglebSi meryeobda, xolo naxevrad tkbilisa _ 4,30-4,55 laris
farglebSi.
52. ramdeni lariT meti iyo mSrali Rvinis maqsimaluri fasi naxevrad mSrali
Rvinis maqsimalur fasze?
(a) 0,25 lariT
(b) 0,20 lariT
(g) 0,15 lariT
(d) 0,10 lariT
(e) 0,05 lariT
53. romel dRes da romeli Rvinis fasi meryeobda 4,35-4,50 laris farglebSi?
(a) mSrali Rvinis fasi 6 aprils
(b) naxevrad tkbili Rvinis fasi 10 aprils
(g) tkbili Rvinis fasi 16 aprils
(d) naxevrad mSrali Rvinis fasi 22 aprils
(e) aseTi SemTxveva ar yofila
157
54. 8 aprils Rvinis qarxanam 3000 litri mSrali da 2000 litri naxevrad
tkbili Rvino gayida. CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos am dRes
Rvinis gayidviT miRebuli Semosavali?
(a) 20600 laris
(b) 21500 laris
(g) 22400 laris
(d) 23100 laris
(e) 24200 laris

(a) gayiduli tkbili Rvinis raodenoba aRemateboda gayiduli naxevrad mSrali
Rvinis raodenobas
(b) im dReebis raodenoba, roca gaiyida mSrali an naxevrad mSrali Rvino,
aRemateba im dReebis raodenobas, roca gaiyida tkbili an naxevrad tkbili Rvino
(g) gayiduli naxevrad tkbili Rvinis fasi yovelTvis aRemateboda mSrali
Rvinis fass
(d) zogierT dRes mxolod tkbili Rvino gaiyida
(e) mxolod erTi dRe iyo iseTi, roca oTxive dasaxelebis Rvino gaiyida
amocanebi
56. Tu a da b iseTi ricxvebia, rom a + b > 0 , maSin:
(a) a > 0
(b) b > 0
(g) ab > 0 an a > 0
b
(d) ab < 0 an a < 0
b
(e) a > 0 an b > 0

zogierTis sidide miTiTebulia naxazze. β =
(a) 25°
(b) 30°
(g) 35°
(d) 40°
(e) 45°
158
58. sandros, paatas, anas da Tamaris saSualo asaki 8 welia. ramdeni wlis
Semdeg iqneba maT asakTa jami 52 wlis toli?
(a) 5
(b) 7
(g) 9
(d) 11
(e) 13
59. a, b da c aTze naklebi iseTi naturaluri ricxvebia, rom a + b + 8c = 89.

ris tolia a + b ?
(a) 13
(b) 14
(g) 16
(d) 17
(e) 18
60. avtobusSi, romelSic maqsimum 50 mgzavri eteva, mgzavrebis meSvidedi

mamakacebi arian, meeqvsedi _ bavSvebi, xolo danarCeni _ qalebi. sul ramdeni
bavSvia avtobusSi?
(a) 9
(b) 8
(g) 7
(d) 6
(e) 5
159
meti, airCieT (d).
A B

jami jami
mineraluri da wyaros
wylebis Camomsxmeli kompania
yovelTviurad erTsa da imave
raodenobis wyals asxamda.
diagramaze mocemulia,
62.
zafxulis TveebSi Camosxmuli (a) (b) (g) (d)
wylis ramdeni procenti iyo mineraluri.
zafxulis ganmavlobaSi zafxulis ganmavlobaSi

Camosxmuli mineraluri Camosxmuli wyaros
wylis raodenoba wylis raodenoba
simaRleze xtomaSi Sejibris TiToeulma monawilem

orjer Seasrula naxtomi. Sefardeba im sportsmenTa
raodenobisa, romlebmac warmatebiT Seasrules
naxtomi, maT raodenobasTan, vinc es ver SeZlo,
pirveli naxtomis SemTxvevaSi 3:5-is toli iyo, xolo
63. (a) (b) (g) (d)
meoreSi _ 4:7-isa.
im sportsmenTa im sportsmenTa
raodenoba, romlebmac raodenoba, romlebmac
warmatebiT Seasrules warmatebiT Seasrules
pirveli naxtomi meore naxtomi
160
n iseTi mTeli ricxvia, rom 10400 : 10n = 0,00104 .
64. (a) (b) (g) (d)
n 7
A, C da K asoebiT
aRniSnulia kubis
65. (a) (b) (g) (d)
wveroebi (ix. naxazi).
∠AKC ∠KAC
amocanebi

mocemulia wrewiri, romlis centria O (4; 5) .
x-koordinatebidan umciresis mniSvneloba, Tu
udidesis mniSvneloba 7-is tolia?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(g) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
67. a, b, c da d naturaluri ricxvebidan TiToeuli 1-ze metia. ras udris am

(a) 14
(b) 15
(g) 16
(d) 17
(e) 18
161
68. 9 furclidan TiToeuli gaWres sam nawilad, Semdeg TiToeuli naWeri isev
sam nawilad gaWres da ase moiqcnen kidev 4-jer. miRebuli naWrebis raodenobaa:
(a) 36
(b) 9 + 36
(g) 9 · 34
(d) 38
(e) 9 + 38
69. MNK samkuTxedSi MN < NK = MK . CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli

SeiZleba iyos am samkuTxedis kuTxeTa sidideebi?
(a) 50 ° , 50 ° , 100°
(b) 70 ° , 70 ° , 40 °
(g) 60 ° , 60 ° , 60 °
(d) 30 ° , 60 ° , 90 °
(e) 75 ° , 60 ° , 45 °

ris tolia 280-is `sigrZe~?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 3
71. Tu a da x iseTi ricxvebia, rom a < 4 da 4 x − 7a = 0 , maSin x aucileblad

akmayofilebs pirobas:
(a) x < 7
(b) x < 3
(g) x = 7
(d) x > 11
(e) x > 7
162
72. ABC tolferda samkuTxedia.

I. AB ferdis sigrZea 5 sm.
II. AC fuZis sigrZea 6 sm.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris tolia samkuTxedis farTobi:

73. arxis gasayvanad ori brigada daiqiraves.

I. arxis sigrZea 360 m.
II. meore brigada pirvelTan SedarebiT 2-jer ufro swrafad muSaobs.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni dRe dasWirdeba arxis gayvanas, Tuki orive
brigada erTad imuSavebs:
163
74. momReralTa konkursis pirvel turSi gaimarjva monawileTa 25%-ma, xolo
meore turSi gamarjvebas mxolod 6-ma momReralma miaRwia.
I. konkursis meore turSi gaimarjva monawileTa 50%-ma.
II. konkursis pirvel turSi gamarjvebulTa raodenoba 2-jer aRemateboda
meore turSi gamarjvebulTa raodenobas.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni monawile iyo konkursis pirvel turSi:
75. mziani dReebis fardobiTi sixSire drois SualedSi (magaliTad, kviris, Tvis
Tu wlis ganmavlobaSi) ewodeba mocemul SualedSi mziani dReebis raodenobis
I. seqtemberSi mziani dReebis fardobiTi sixSire 3 -is toli iyo.

5
II. seqtembris meore naxevarSi mxolod 10 dRe iyo mziani.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni mziani dRe iyo seqtemberSi:
164
amocanebi
76. naxazze mocemulia tol kubebad dayofili

marTkuTxa paralelepipedi, romlis moculobaa 24 sm3.
ris tolia am paralelepipedis udidesi wibos sigrZe?
(a) 2 sm
(b) 3 sm
(g) 4 sm
(d) 5 sm
(e) 6 sm
77. mTargmneli yoveldRe muSaobs da dReSi 5 gverds Targmnis. igi Txzulebis

Targmnas momdevno kviris samSabaTs, saRamos daasrulebs. mas rom dReSi 3
gverdi eTargmna, maSin igi Txzulebis Targmnas momdevno kviris ara samSabaTs,
aramed xuTSabaTs daasrulebda. kviris romel dRes dauwyia Txzulebis Targmna
mTargmnels?
(a) samSabaTs
(b) xuTSabaTs
(g) paraskevs
(d) SabaTs
(e) kviras
78. oTxkuTxedis erT gverdze moniSnulia 3 wertili, xolo mis mopirdapire

gverdze _ 2 wertili. sul ramdenia iseTi samkuTxedi, romelTa wveroebi am
wertilebs emTxveva?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(g) 8
(d) 9
(e) 10
165
79. nikas liasTan SedarebiT 20%-iT naklebi xelfasi aqvs, lias ki TemurTan
SedarebiT _ 20%-iT naklebi. ramdeni procentiT naklebi xelfasi aqvs nikas
TemurTan SedarebiT?
(a) 20%-iT
(b) 28%-iT
(g) 36%-iT
(d) 40%-iT
(e) 42%-iT
80. samecniero konferenciaSi mxolod germaneli, frangi da italieli mecnierebi

monawileobdnen, sul _ 40 mecnieri. konferenciis monawileTa saerTo
raodenobis 3 -ze meti frangi iyo, xolo germanelebi 2-jer metni iyvnen, vidre _
5
italielebi. maqsimum ris toli SeiZleba iyos konferenciaSi monawile italiel
mecnierTa raodenoba?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8
166
verbaluri nawili
analogiebi
1. mTagrexili : mTa
(a) xerxemali : mala

(b) asanTi : Reri
(g) Robe : meseri
(d) gza : Cixi
2. kaskadiori : Canacvleba
(a) prototipi : Seqmna

(b) iluzionisti : aRqma
(g) koreqtori : Sesworeba
(d) farmacevti : mkurnaloba
3. elva : klaknili naTeba
(a) mewyeri : miwis qanebi

(b) cunami : talRis sidide
(g) tornado : mtvris sveti
(d) miwisZvra : ryevis simZlavre
4. emuqreba : SeaSinebs
(a) mfarvelobs : daicavs

(b) mkurnalobs : gamoajanmrTelebs
(g) anacvlebs : gadaasxvaferebs
(d) amowmebs : Seaqebs
168
5. TviTmfrinavi : frinveli
(a) Ruza : myvinTavi

(b) roboti : avtopiloti
(g) teqsti : sufliori
(d) saaTi : guSagi
6. aborigeni : endemuri saxeoba
(a) turisti : samuzeumo eqsponati

(b) mkvlevari : monitoringi
(g) emigranti : saeqsporto saqoneli
(d) dampyrobeli : nadavli
169
7. kulturuli difuzia ewodeba process, romlis drosac erTi sazogadoebis

wevrebi sruliad Segnebulad _____ sxva sazogadoebis qcevis formebs,
Rirebulebebsa Tu miRwevebs. aRniSnuli procesis _____ inovaciebis _____
qveyanaSi. swored am gziT _____ mTel msoflioSi.
(a) iTviseben / meSveobiT xdeba / swrafi gavrceleba sxvadasxva / vrceldeba

Tanamedrove teqnologiebi
(b) ebrZvian / naTeli ilustraciaa / sruli akrZalva zogierT / xdeba
moZvelebuli teqnologiebis axliT Canacvleba
(g) ugulebelyofen / Sedegad ferxdeba / gavrceleba maT / moxda Tanamedrove
teqnologiebis danergva
(d) iTviseben / sapirispiro SemTxvevaa amgvari / danergva sxvadasxva / ebrZvian
moZvelebuli teqnologiebis gamoyenebas
8. mcenareebis mimarT Cveni damokidebuleba _____ nimuSia: Tu mcenareSi

uSualo sargebels _____ vaxarebT mas. xolo Tu raime mizezis gamo mis
arsebobas _____ miviCnevT, an Tundac _____ , yovelgvari yoymanis gareSe _____ .
(a) gansakuTrebuli SorsmWvretelobis / ver vxedavT, ar / sasurvelad ar /

CvenTvis sasargeblod gamoviyenebT mas / gadavwyvetT mis gaxarebas
(b) araracionaluri midgomis / vxedavT, / sasurvelad / ubralod gulgrilni ar
varT mis mimarT / SeiZleba gavwiroT is ganadgurebisTvis
(g) gansakuTrebulad viwro Tvalsawieris / vxedavT, / arasasurvelad / ubralod
gulgrilni varT mis mimarT / SeiZleba gavwiroT is ganadgurebisTvis
(d) marTlac farTo Tvalsawieris / ver vxedavT, ar / arasasurvelad ar /
CvenTvis sasargeblod gamoviyenebT mas / gadavwyvetT mis gaxarebas
170
9. etruskebis warmodgenebiT, adamianis sicocxle dayofili iyo 12 Svidwleulad.
es tradicia berZnul sinamdvileSi solonis wyalobiT aris cnobili. _____ ,
rom etruskebma solonisgan gadaiRes es koncefcia. _____ , rom etruskulma
tradiciam solonze moaxdina gavlena. _____ , rom orive maTganisTvis _____
dReisaTvis ucnobi, mesame wyaro.
(a) unda vivaraudoT / naklebad mosalodnelia / Sesabamisad, ar aris

gamoricxuli / amosavali yofiliyo
(b) naklebad mosalodnelia / ufro savaraudoa / Tumca, arc isaa gamoricxuli /
amosavali yofiliyo
(g) safiqrebelia / Znelia vivaraudoT / Sesabamisad, gamoricxulia / amosavali
ar yofiliyo
(d) ar unda vifiqroT / ufro savaraudoa / Tumca, gamoricxulia / amosavali
ar yofiliyo
10. saRamos saaTebSi daswavlis simtkices, rogorc Cans, _____ is, rom masalis
daswavlis Semdeg adamiani _____ da sxva, axali STabeWdilebis miReba _____
daswavlili Sinaarsis _____ .
(a) xels uSlis / male iZinebs / ar warmoadgens bariers / ganmtkicebisTvis

(b) xels uwyobs / gadaRlilia / misTvis warmoadgens / ganmtkicebis
damabrkolebel faqtors
(g) xels uSlis / gadaRlilia / ar warmoadgens / ganmtkicebis damabrkolebel
faqtors
(d) xels uwyobs / male iZinebs / ar uSlis xels / ganmtkicebas
171
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
11. dedam ojaxis wevrebisTvis saaxalwlo saCuqrebi SeiZina, sxvadasxva yuTSi

moaTavsa da naZvis xesTan erT rigad daawyo. erT yuTSi devs xelTaTmanebi,
erTSi _ maisuri, erTSi _ qudi, erTSi ki _ kaSne. saCuqrebi sxvadasxva ferisaa:
TeTri, wiTeli, lurji, mwvane. garda amisa, cnobilia:
• marcxnidan pirvel yuTSi devs lurji saCuqari, xolo meoreSi _ maisuri.
• TeTrsaCuqriani yuTis marjvniv devs yuTi, sadac kaSnea, xolo marcxniv _
yuTi wiTeli saCuqriT.
• xelTaTmanebi ar aris TeTri feris.
qvemoT mocemulTagan romel striqonSia sworad miTiTebuli, ra ferisaa

TiToeuli saCuqari?
xelTaTmanebi maisuri qudi kaSne

(a) lurji wiTeli TeTri mwvane
(b) TeTri wiTeli lurji mwvane
(g) wiTeli lurji mwvane TeTri
(d) lurji mwvane TeTri wiTeli
12. mocemulia:
• umaRlesi saswavleblis yvela students miRebuli aqvs saSualo ganaTleba.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba unda aviRoT meore wanamZRvrad, raTa

davaskvnaT: umaRlesi saswavleblis yvela students gavlili aqvs samoqalaqo
Tavdacvis kursi?
(a) samoqalaqo Tavdacvis kurss mxolod saSualo ganaTlebis mqone pirebi gadian
(b) saSualo ganaTlebis mqone yvela pirs gavlili aqvs samoqalaqo Tavdacvis
kursi
(g) saSualo ganaTleba mxolod umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebs aqvT
miRebuli
(d) samoqalaqo Tavdacvis kurss gadian mxolod umaRlesi saswavleblis
studentebi
172
13. Sotlandiis CrdiloeTSi, okeanis sanapirosTan aRmoCenil erT-erT uZveles
sacxovrebel kompleqsSi, skara breiSi, yvela sacxovrebel saxlSi SemorCenilia
Taviseburi kera, romelic gasaTbobad da sakvebis mosamzadeblad gamoiyeneboda.
vinaidan cnobilia, rom mkacri klimaturi pirobebis gamo dasaxlebis teritoria
arasodes yofila dafaruli tyis safariT, arqeologebma ivaraudes, rom skara
breis mosaxleebi sawvavad torfs iyenebdnen.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba daayenebda eWvqveS arqeologTa varauds?
(a) msgavs klimatur pirobebSi arsebul sxva Zvel dasaxlebebSi sawvavad

iyenebdnen Sinauri pirutyvis nakels, Tumca, gaTxrebma daadastura, rom skara
breiSi mecxoveleobas ar misdevdnen
(b) skara breis sanapiroebze uxvad moipoveba wyalmcenareebi, romlebic energiis
kargi wyaroa, Tumca, qimiurma analizma ar daadastura nasaxlarebSi
wyalmcenareebis wvis specifikuri produqtis arseboba
(g) skara breis klimaturi pirobebisa da mcenareuli safaris cvalebadobis
tendenciebis analizma aCvena, rom am teritoriaze saukeTeso pirobebia
Seqmnili torfis sqeli fenebis warmosaqmnelad
(d) okeanis dineba skara breis sanapiroze gamoriyavs didi raodenobiT xe-tyis
narCenebs, romlebic samxreTis saukunovani tyeebidan okeaneSi Caaqvs adidebul
mdinareebs
14. sami gogona msjelobs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramdeni rveulia saweri magidis
daxurul ujraSi:
elene: yvelas TiTo rveuli mainc Segvxvdeba.
ana: ujraSi rveulebis raodenoba samze naklebia.
lika: ujra carieli ar aris.
ramdeni rveuli devs ujraSi, Tu cnobilia, rom gogonebidan mxolod erTi

ambobs simarTles?
(a) sami
(b) mxolod ori
(g) mxolod erTi
(d) arc erTi
173
yvelas, vinc speqtakls, sanaxaobas eswreba, SeuZlia misi erTgvari monawile

gaxdes da garkveuli gavlena moaxdinos mis msvlelobaze. magaliTad, SegiZliaT,
Teatralur warmodgenas samariseburi siCumiT an stveniT SexvdeT, anda taSi
daukraT, ovacia gaumarToT msaxiobs. kinematografiuli ambis msvlelobaSi ki
ver CaereviT. SegiZliaT, gaxvideT darbazidan, gamorToT televizori, iseve,
rogorc daxuroT wigni. filmi sxvebisTvis gagrZeldeba, teqsti xeluxlebeli
darCeba.
yofiTi speqtaklis erTgvari magaliTia sasamarTlo procesi, sadac
profesionalebs Soris rolebi zustadaa ganawilebuli. damswreni zogjer
aplodismentebiTac ki ajildoeben prokurors, advokatsa Tu braldebuls
originaluri monologis anda maxvili replikisTvis. zogjer isic xdeba, rom
prokurors ar unda bralis dadeba, magram iZulebulia, Seasrulos bralmdeblis
roli.
Zvel romSi drama sinamdvileSi TamaSdeboda: gladiatorebi samkvdro-
sasicocxlod ebrZodnen erTmaneTs, mtacebel cxovelebs. aseT speqtaklSi mTavari
personaJi damonebuli adamiani iyo. mas eZleoda roli, romelic, surda Tu ar
surda, unda Seesrulebina. Sua saukuneebSi Tu momdevno epoqaSi mayurebliT
gaWedili moednis SuagulSi eSafotze asvlisas adamians ar SeeZlo, ar efiqra
imaze, Tu rogor eWira Tavi, da bolo momentSi ar daeyvira paTetikuri fraza:
`gaumarjos Tavisuflebas!~ ecado, damalo dabneuloba, panika, SiSi, Rirseulad
da mSvidad geWiros Tavi, iseTad ar gamoiyurebode, rogoric xar, niSnavs, roli
iTamaSo. rolis TamaSi erTgvarad mayureblis SecdomaSi Seyvana, motyuebaa.
totalitarul saxelmwifoebSi diqtatorebs Zalian uyvarT aRlumebi,
masobrivi sanaxaobani, romlebic qveSevrdomTa masis morCilebas cxadyofs _
moedani kvadratebadaa dayofili, yvela adamiani gadanomrilia, moedanze
suraTebi, droSebi da keTildReobis simboloebi Cndeba. aseT saerTo scenars
daqvemdebarebuli adamiani kargavs pirovnul Tvisebebs, brZanebis zusti da
sinqronuli Sesruleba mas siamovnebasac ki aniWebs.
nebismieri sanaxaobis, magaliTad, saxalxo zeimebis, karnavalebis monawileebi
ikeTeben nairgvar niRbebs. es Taviseburi artistizmis gamovlinebaa, vinaidan
adamians surs, iseTad ar gamoCndes, rogoric is namdvilad aris. policieli da
jariskaci SeiZleba iyos Zlieric da sustic, patiosanic da upatiosnoc, magram,
rogorc ki uniformas Caicvams, maSinve simamacisa da udreki nebis simbolod
iqceva. es principi _ raime saxes amoefaro, raTa adamianebze imoqmedo _
safuZvlad udevs nebismier samsaxiobo moqmedebas. amasTan, `niRabi~ erTgvarad
aTavisuflebs niRbis matarebels Cadenil saqcielze pasuxismgeblobisgan.
TiTqos ucnauria, magram yvelaze naklebad swored msaxiobebi cruoben.
winaswar cnobilia, rom piesis personaJebTan maT araferi akavSirebT. yovelTvis
sainteresoa, Tvali vadevnoT adamianis TamaSs, garkveuli azriT, TvalTmaqcobas.
Tumca, piesis personaJebis cxovrebaSi momxdari ambavi sabolood msaxiobis
cxovrebis ambavic xdeba. msaxiobi swavlobs teqsts, iTvisebs rols da
mayurebelic, roca cxovrebaSi xvdeba msaxiobs, mas uneburad miawers mis mier
gansaxierebuli personaJis Tvisebebs. msaxiobi TiTqos scenis gareSec atarebs
raRac uxilav mantias, romelic mas personaJTan aigivebs.
174
15. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli gamoxatavs I abzacis winadadebebs Soris
arsebul mimarTebas?
(a) I da II winadadebebiT gadmocemul movlenebs Soris arsebobs

mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri; aseTive urTierTmimarTebaa III da IV winadadebebs
Soris
(b) I-sa da III winadadebebs msgavsi funqcia aqvT, TiToeuli aRniSnavs xelovnebis
konkretuli dargis specifikur niSans; Tavis mxriv, es niSnebi
urTierTsapirispiroa
(g) II-sa da IV winadadebebs msgavsi funqcia aqvT, TiToeuli maTgani akonkretebs
da ganmartavs wina winadadebas; amasTan, oriveSi identuri magaliTebia
moyvanili
(d) I-sa da III winadadebebSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare daskvna
warmodgenilia V winadadebaSi
16. teqstSi moyvanilia sxvadasxva tipis sanaxaobis ramdenime magaliTi:

I _ sasamarTlo procesis;
II _ gladiatorebis brZolis;
III _ eSafotis;
IV _ aRlumis.
maTgan romelSi ar aris aRniSnuli mayureblis reaqcia sanaxaobaze?
(a) mxolod I magaliTSi

(b) mxolod II magaliTSi
(g) II-sa da III magaliTebSi
(d) I-sa da IV magaliTebSi
17. fraza _ `moedani kvadratebadaa dayofili, yvela adamiani gadanomrilia~ _

miuTiTebs:
(a) mowesrigebul sazogadoebaze _ yvelam icis Tavisi adgili, TiToeuli

eqvemdebareba brZanebas, mTavaria misi zustad da sinqronulad Sesruleba
(b) erTsaxovan sazogadoebaze _ adamianis saxeli ukana planze gadadis, igi
danomrilia, kargavs pirovnul Tvisebebs
(g) qveSevrdomTa masis ganwyobaze _ am sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba popularuli
iyos masobrivi sanaxaobani, romlebic mis monawileebs siamovnebas aniWebs
(d) masobriv sanaxaobaze _ yvelas uniforma acvia, moedanze suraTebi, droSebi
da keTildReobis simboloebi Cndeba
175
18. cnobilia, rom vikingebi, tevtoneli raindebi, iaponeli samuraebi da sxva
meomrebi mowinaaRmdegis SesaSineblad rqebian niRbebs ikeTebdnen.
romeli abzacis sailustraciod SeiZleba gamoviyenoT es cnoba?

(a) I abzacis, radgan aq saubaria sanaxaobaze, da Zveli Serkinebebi, raindebis,
samuraebis brZola, upirvelesad, sanaxaoba iyo
(b) III abzacis, radgan aq saubaria gladiatorebis brZolaze mtacebel
cxovelebTan, rqebiani niRabi ki romelime cxovels amsgavsebda mebrZols
(g) V abzacis, radgan aq saubaria principze _ raime saxes amoefaro, raTa
adamianebze imoqmedo. amasTan, es artistizmis gamovlinebac iyo
(d) V abzacis, radgan aq saubaria niRabze, romelic Cadenil saqcielze
pasuxismgeblobisgan aTavisuflebs mis matarebels
19. teqstSi gvxvdeba Semdegi winadadebebi:

1. `rolis TamaSi erTgvarad mayureblis SecdomaSi Seyvana, motyuebaa~.
2. `yvelaze naklebad swored msaxiobebi cruoben~.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba maTi

urTierTSejerebis safuZvelze?
(a) rolis Sesrulebisas msaxiobi yovelTvis atyuebs mayurebels, Tumca, naklebad

cruobs maSin, rodesac bevri saerTo aqvs mis mier gansaxierebul
personaJTan
(b) msaxiobi ganasaxierebs sxva adamians _ erTgvarad cruobs, Tumca, yvelaze
naklebad, radgan TamaSis dawyebamde cnobilia, rom is sxva adamianad
gardaisaxeba
(g) rolis TamaSi niSnavs, iseTad ar gamoiyurebode, rogoric xar; Tu es kargad
gamosdis msaxiobs, is gvatyuebs, Sesabamisad, ucnauria mtkiceba, TiTqos isini
yvelaze naklebad cruobdnen
(d) msaxiobi scenis gareSec atarebs raRac uxilav mantias, romelic mas
gansaxierebul personaJTan aigivebs, rasac SecdomaSi Sehyavs mayurebeli
176
20. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime citata statiidan:
1. niurnbergis procesze samxedro damnaSaveebi Tavs imiT imarTlebdnen, rom,
rogorc adamianebi, piradad isini damnaSaveni ar iyvnen, isini mxolod maTze
dakisrebul rolebs asrulebdnen.
2. silis gawvna kinoSi yovelTvis namdvilia da msaxiobs marTlac stkiva;

sazogadod, yovelgvari Sexeba, mofereba iqneba Tu muStis kvra, adamianis piradi
sivrcis darRvevaa, misi imitireba ki SeuZlebelia.
3. gasamxedroebuli warmodgenebis siyvaruli, saTanado gemovneba asaxulia

miuzik-holis im mizanscenebSi, romlebSic uniformaSi gamowyobili qaliSvilebi
sinqronulad abakuneben fexebs, marSiT dadian da figurebad èwyobian~.
romel abzacebs exmianeba es citatebi?

(a) 1 _ II abzacs, 2 _ VI abzacs, 3 _ I abzacs
(b) 1 _ II abzacs, 2 _ III abzacs, 3 _ IV abzacs
(g) 1 _ IV abzacs, 2 _ III abzacs, 3 _ V abzacs
(d) 1 _ V abzacs, 2 _ VI abzacs, 3 _ IV abzacs
analogiebi
21. waaxalisa : aukrZala miuZRvna :

(a) miiTvisa
(b) aCuqa
(g) gauziara
(d) Seswira
22. konkursi : konkursanti Cempionati :

(a) Cempioni
(b) sportsmeni
(g) fexburTeli
(d) finalisti
23. Sedareba : gansxvaveba gamokvleva :

(a) gaanalizeba
(b) migneba
(g) misadageba
(d) msjeloba
177
24. wyali : sarke yvavili :
(a) sunamo
(b) surneli
(g) neqtari
(d) Taiguli
25. qveteqsti : dafaruli citata :

(a) dasazustebeli
(b) dasabuTebuli
(g) gameorebuli
(d) mimsgavsebuli
26. farda : dasasruli scena :

(a) ovacia
(b) afiSa
(g) nawili
(d) centri
27. federiko felini ambobda: _____ azrs, rom xelovans sruli Tavisufleba
_____ . Tavis nebaze miSveba, imis keTebis Tavisufleba, rac moesurveba, _____ .
Tu ramea saSiSi xelovanisTvis, esaa swored miTi _____ sasikeTo gavlenis
Sesaxeb.
(a) bolomde veTanxmebi / ar unda mivaniWoT / aucilebelia imisTvis, rom

xelovanma sakuTari niWis realizacia SeZlos / kritikosTa azris zewolisa
da cenzuris SezRudvebis
(b) ar veTanxmebi / xels ar uwyobs sakuTari niWis realizaciaSi / aucilebelia
SemoqmedisaTvis / totaluri Tavisuflebisa Tu STagonebis lodinis
(g) bolomde veTanxmebi / xels uwyobs sakuTari niWis realizaciaSi / Semoqmeds
srul umoqmedobamde miiyvans / kritikosTa azris zewolisa da cenzuris
SezRudvebis
(d) ar veTanxmebi / unda mivaniWoT / xelovans bolos iqamde miiyvans, rom is
sul arafers gaakeTebs / totaluri Tavisuflebisa Tu STagonebis lodinis
178
28. zogierTi filosofosi amtkicebs, rom samarTlianobis arsi _____ unda
veZeboT, _____ bunebriv samarTalSi, romelic saerToa yvela xalxisaTvis. es
moazrovneebi, ra Tqma unda, Seuvali sikerpiT daicavdnen TavianT azrs, _____
erTi sayovelTao zneobrivi kanoni. magram daxeT bedis dacinvas: adamianebis
Tavneboba imdenad mravalgvaria, rom _____ arsebobs.
(a) mxolod adaT-wesebsa da zne-CveulebebSi / da ara _ / rom ar arsebuliyo

arc / aseTi kanoni marTlac ar
(b) ara mxolod adaT-wesebsa da zne-CveulebebSi / aramed, agreTve, / rom
aRmoeCinaT Tundac / uamravi aseTi kanoni
(g) adaT-wesebsa da zne-CveulebebSi ki ar / aramed / rom aRmoeCinaT Tundac /
aseTi kanoni erTic ki ar
(d) arc adaT-wesebsa da zne-CveulebebSi / arc / rom arsebuliyo Tundac /
ramdenime aseTi kanoni marTlac
29. amqveynad wignebis raodenoba sul ufro gaizrdeba da SegviZlia iseTi

drois dadgomac viwinaswarmetyveloT, roca _____ swavla wignebidan, rogorc _
uSualod samyaros kvleviT; roca _____ mosaxerxebeli iqneba WeSmaritebis ama
Tu im marcvlis Zebna _____ , vidre _ misi Zebna akinZuli tomebis uzarmazar
simravleSi.
(a) TiTqmis iseve Zneli iqneba raimes / aranakleb / Tavad bunebaSi

(b) iseve SesaZlebeli iqneba yvelafris / ufro / biblioTekebSi
(g) iseve SeuZlebeli iqneba raimes / nakleb / biblioTekebSi
(d) TiTqmis iseve ioli iqneba yvelafris / metad / Tavad bunebaSi
30. televizias erTdroulad or rameSi sdeben brals da, _____ , erTi da igive
adamianebi: erTi, rom _____ , Secvalos samyaro; meorec, rom _____ .
(a) rogorc mosalodnelia / is cdilobs / misi mcdelobis miuxedavad, samyaro

ukeTesobisken ar icvleba
(b) rogorc mosalodnelia / is ar cdilobs / misi mcdelobiT samyaro dRiTi
dRe uaresi xdeba
(g) rac marTlac ucnauria / mas SeuZlia / is ar cdilobs, ukeTesobisken
Secvalos samyaro
(d) rac marTlac ucnauria / is uZluria / misi gamoisobiT samyaro dRiTi dRe
uaresi xdeba
179
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
31. anim koncertze mosawvevi baraTi miiRo. misTvis baraTis gamogzavna mxolod
misi oTxi megobridan erT-erTs SeeZlo. anim hkiTxa megobrebs: `vin gamomigzavna
mosawvevi baraTi?~
giorgi: me ar gamomigzavnia.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli SemTxvevaa SesaZlebeli?
(a) simarTle Tqva Tikamac da giorgimac

(b) Tikam simarTle Tqva, lukam ki icrua
(g) Tikam icrua, xolo samive biWma simarTle Tqva
(d) Tikam icrua, biWebidan orma Tqva simarTle
32. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli specialistis

Semosavali saSualod 50%-iT aRemateba imave kvalifikaciis mqone specialistis
Semosavals sajaro samsaxurSi. amis miuxedavad, sajaro samsaxurSi maRali
kvalifikaciis specialistebis nakleboba ar aris. eqspertma ivarauda, rom sajaro
moxeleebis muSaobis ZiriTadi motivi ar aris finansuri daintereseba.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba ayenebs eWvqveS am varauds?
(a) kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli specialistebisTvis Tanamdebobrivi dawinaurebis

da, Sesabamisad, anazRaurebis gazrdis albaToba ufro mcirea, vidre _
sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebulTaTvis
(b) sajaro samsaxurebSi specialistebis kvalifikaciis mimarT bevrad ufro
maRali moTxovnebia, vidre _ kerZo seqtorSi
(g) kerZo seqtorSi mosamsaxureebs samuSaos SenarCunebis TvalsazrisiT ufro
meti stabilurobis gancda aqvT, vidre _ sajaro seqtorSi dasaqmebul
specialistebs
(d) kerZo seqtorSi didi moTxovnaa kvalificiur specialistebze, Sesabamisad,
kerZo kompaniebi cdiloben, saukeTeso pirobebi SesTavazon TanamSromlebs
180
I. yvela kaWkaWi qurdbacacaa.
II. zogierTi qurdbacaca galiaSi zis.
III. zogierTi kaWkaWi galiaSi zis.

mimarTebas?

34. mocemulia:
• yvela kargi momRerali kargi musikosia.
• kargi momRerlebi yvela qveyanaSi arian.
• saqarTveloSi bevri kargi musikosia.
maSasadame, saqarTveloSi bevri kargi momReralia.
es daskvna:
(a) gamomdinareobs mxolod erT-erTi wanamZRvridan
(b) gamomdinareobs mxolod ori wanamZRvridan erTad
(g) gamomdinareobs samive wanamZRvridan erTad
(d) ar gamomdinareobs mocemuli wanamZRvrebidan
181
evoluciis Teoriis avtoris Carlz darvinis azriT, bunebrivi gadarCeva

mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi uwyvetad mimdinareobs da cocxal organizmTa
garemo pirobebTan Seguebuli formebis warmoqmnas ganapirobebs. samxreT amerikis
namarxTa Seswavlisas darvini darwmunda iq mobinadre gadaSenebul da
Tanamedrove cxovelTa msgavsebaSi. man aRmoaCina biologiuri organizmebis e. w.
gardamavali formebic, romlebic sxvadasxva klasis warmomadgenelTa niSan-
Tvisebebs iTavsebdnen. es ki Tanamedrove da gadaSenebul formebs Soris
memkvidreobiTobis arsebobaze metyvelebda.
amave periodSi fizikosebma wamoayenes hipoTeza, rom dedamiwis istoria
gacilebiT ufro xanmoklea, vidre manamde warmoedginaT. Sesabamisad, savaraudo
iyo, rom evolucia naxtomebiT mimdinareobda _ TandaTanobiT mimdinare
`darviniseuli~ evoluciisaTvis dro ar iyo sakmarisi. fizikosTa aRmoCenebi
mniSvnelovani argumenti iyo darvinis Teoriis mowinaaRmdegeTaTvis, romlebic
ar iziarebdnen mis ideas evoluciis TandaTanobiTi da uwyveti xasiaTis Sesaxeb.
wertilovani wonasworobis Teoriis avtorebis stiven goldisa da nails
eldrijis Tanaxmad, namarxi formebis (e. w. geologiuri sabuTebis) `wyvetili~,
arasruli jaWvis arseboba aixsneboda ara imiT, rom napovn formebs Soris
arsebuli yvela gardamavali organizmi jer ar iyo aRmoCenili, aramed im
garemoebiT, rom saxeobaTa warmoSoba marTlac `wyvetilad~, naxtomebiT
mimdinareobda. amis sapirispirod, darvinis mimdevrebi miiCnevdnen, rom zogierTi
saxeobis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCenili `srulyofili~ geologiuri sabuTebi swored
uwyvet, TandaTanobiT mimdinare evoluciur procesze mianiSnebda. am
Tvalsazriss emxrobodnen biometrikosebi k. pirsoni da u. ueldoni, romlebic
amtkicebdnen, rom gazomvadi niSan-Tvisebebi (simaRle, sigrZe, wona da a. S.,
romlebsac biometria Seiswavlis) TandaTanobiT icvleba, rac swored evoluciis
uwyvetobaze metyvelebs.
wyvetili evoluciis ideas safuZveli Seuqmna hugo de frizis kvlevebma.
mis mier miRebuli Sedegebis Tanaxmad, individualuri maxasiaTeblebi Taobidan
Taobas gadaecema yovelgvari Serevisa da gasaSualoebis gareSe, Tumca, amasTanave,
ama Tu im TaobaSi Cndeba erTi da imave saxeobis organizmTa axali nairsaxeoba,
romelic mkveTrad gansxvavdeba danarCenebisgan da Tavis gansxvavebul niSan-
Tvisebebs memkvidreobiT gadascems STamomavlobas. aseT uecar cvlilebebs frizma
mutaciebi uwoda. mutaciis fenomenis aRmoCenam TiTqosda sabolood dausva
wertili mecnierTa davas evoluciis xasiaTis Sesaxeb. Tumca, Semdgomi kvlevebiT
gairkva, rom mutaciebis Teoriis safuZvelze yvelaferi ver aixsneboda da
uwyveti evoluciis idea isev aqtualuri gaxda.
amerikeli genetikosi uiliam kasli ikvlevda gadarCevis gavlenas
kurdRlebis Seferilobis cvalebadobaze. misi mizani iyo mutaciebis Teoriis
mxardasaWeri eqsperimentuli sabuTebis mopoveba. magram aRmoCnda, rom TeTri da
ruxi kurdRlebis Sejvarebis Sedegad axal individebSi Cndeba `Sereuli~
Seferiloba (TeTr kurdRlebs zurgze uCndebaT ruxi laqebi), romelic
eqsperimentis sawyis etapze am populaciaSi ar SeimCneoda, da rom populaciis
maxasiaTebelTa cvlilebis asaxsnelad uwyveti, anu TandaTanobiTi evolucia
sakmaod efeqturi iyo.
182
35. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli faqti ar gamodgeba evoluciis mimdinareobis
darviniseuli koncefciis mxardasaWerad? (upasuxeT I abzacis mixedviT)
(a) gadaSenebul da Tanamedrove organizmTa msgavseba agebulebiTa Tu sxva niSan-

TvisebebiT
(b) sxvadasxva klasisTvis specifikuri niSan-Tvisebebis Tavmoyra organizmTa
gardamaval formebSi
(g) Tanamedrove da gadaSenebul cxovelTa formebis damakavSirebeli rgolis
aRmoCena
(d) iseTi namarxebis arseboba, romlebic adasturebs evoluciis procesSi
sxvadasxva klasis organizmTa urTierTmonacvleobas
36. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli varaudis sawinaaRmdegod metyvelebda

fizikosTa aRmoCenebi da, Sesabamisad, eWvqveS ayenebda darvinis Sexedulebas
evoluciis xasiaTis Sesaxeb?
es iyo varaudi:
(a) bunebrivi gadarCevis Sedegad saxeobaTa maxasiaTeblebis uecari cvlilebebis
Sesaxeb
(b) evoluciis neli, xangrZlivi mimdinareobis Sesaxeb
(g) garemo pirobebTan organizmTa Seguebis procesis kanonzomieri mimdinareobis
Sesaxeb
(d) Tanamedrove da gadaSenebul formebs Soris memkvidreobiTobis Sesaxeb
37. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli gadmoscems Semdegi winadadebis Sinaarss:

`mutaciis fenomenis aRmoCenam TiTqosda sabolood dausva wertili mecnierTa
davas evoluciis xasiaTis Sesaxeb~?
(a) am aRmoCenam ganapiroba wyvetili evoluciis momxreTa saboloo gamarjveba

(b) am aRmoCenam ganapiroba wyvetili da uwyveti evoluciis momxreTa poziciebis
daaxloeba da saboloo SeTanxmeba
(g) am aRmoCeniT Seiqmna wyvetili evoluciis momxreTa saboloo gamarjvebis
STabeWdileba
(d) am aRmoCeniT uwyveti evoluciis momxreebi darwmundnen TavianTi
Tvalsazrisis marTebulobaSi
183
38. rogor SeiZleba davaxasiaToT kaslis eqsperimentis Sedegebis mimarTeba de
frizis TeoriasTan?
(a) kaslis Sedegebi ewinaaRmdegeboda de frizis varauds, romlis Tanaxmad, niSan-

Tvisebebi, Cveulebriv, Serevis gareSe gadaecema STamomavlobas
(b) kaslis Sedegebi eWvqveS ayenebda de frizis aRmoCenas, romlis Tanaxmad, yovel
TaobaSi Cndeba mkveTrad gansxvavebuli niSan-Tvisebebi
(g) kaslis Sedegebi ganamtkicebda de frizis varauds mutaciuri cvlilebebis
uecari gaCenis Sesaxeb
(d) kaslis Sedegebi arc ewinaaRmdegeboda da arc mxars uWerda de frizis
aRmoCenas individualur maxasiaTebelTa gasaSualoebis gareSe gadacemis
Sesaxeb
39. ra mimarTebaa teqstis I abzacsa da danarCen abzacebs Soris?
(a) teqstis danarCen abzacebSi mocemulia mxolod iseTi argumentebi, romlebic

ewinaaRmdegeba I abzacSi ganxilul Teorias
(b) teqstis danarCen abzacebSi warmodgenilia I abzacSi ganxiluli Teoriis
gamamyarebeli argumentebi
(g) teqstis zogierTi abzaci Seicavs I abzacSi ganxiluli Teoriis mxardamWer
argumentebs, zogi ki _ mis sawinaaRmdego sabuTebs
(d) teqstis bolo abzacSi warmodgenilia I abzacSi ganxiluli Teoriis
sawinaaRmdego argumenti, yvela sxva abzacSi ki _ misi gamamyarebeli sabuTebi
40. mocemuli teqstis mizania:
(a) gagvacnos evoluciis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli Teoriebi da

TiToeulis damadasturebeli Tu sawinaaRmdego argumentebi
(b) ganixilos evoluciis TeoriasTan dakavSirebuli urTierTsawinaaRmdego
mosazrebebi da dagvanaxos momavali kvlevis perspeqtiva
(g) ganixilos geologiuri, biometriisa Tu eqsperimentuli biologiis monacemebi,
romlebic evoluciis uwyvetobis sasargeblod metyvelebs
(d) gagvacnos gansxvavebuli poziciebi evoluciis bunebis Sesaxeb da daasabuTos
erT-erTi maTganis marTebuloba
184
maTematikuri nawili


n
a :a =a
manZili
dro
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
monacemTa jami
185
meti, airCieT (d).
A B
41. 3217 3 (a) (b) (g) (d)

4945 5

erTdroulad gamovida ori matarebeli. rogorc
pirveli, aseve, meore matarebeli Seuferxeblad,
Tanabari siCqariT moZraobda. Sexvedris Semdeg
42. pirvel matarebels B qalaqSi Casasvlelad 4 saaTi (a) (b) (g) (d)
dasWirda, meores A-Si Casasvlelad ki _ 2 saaTi.
pirveli matareblis meore matareblis

siCqare siCqare
or tol wrewirs mxolod erTi

saerTo wertili aqvs da maTi
centrebi didi wrewiris diametrze
mdebareobs. TiToeul maTgans did
43. wrewirTanac mxolod erTi saerTo (a) (b) (g) (d)
wertili aqvs.
patara wrewirebis
didi wrewiris sigrZe sigrZeTa jami
186
finjani 6-jer iafia larnakze, xolo TefSi _ 2-jer.
44. (a) (b) (g) (d)
TefSis Rirebuleba 3 finjnis Rirebuleba
a = 2+b
45. 2 2 (a) (b) (g) (d)
a −b 2a + 2b

kvadratia. ABC da MNK
texilebis wveroebi badis
(a) (b) (g) (d)
46. kvanZebs emTxveva (ix. naxazi).
ABC texilis sigrZe MNK texilis sigrZe
187
amocanebi
47. ramdeniT metia udidesi luwi oTxniSna ricxvi udides kent samniSna
ricxvze?
(a) 9-iT
(b) 8999-iT
(g) 9001-iT
(d) 9898-iT
(e) 9899-iT
48. vanom 81-gverdiani moTxroba 3 dReSi waikiTxa. yovel momdevno dRes is

winasTan SedarebiT 2 gverdiT mets kiTxulobda. ramdeni gverdi waukiTxavs vanos
pirvel dRes?
(a) 21
(b) 23
(g) 25
(d) 27
(e) 29
49. Tu kvadratis farTobi tolia im marTkuTxedis farTobisa, romlis sigrZe

9 sm-ia, xolo sigane _ 4 sm, maSin am kvadratis perimetria:
(a) 12 sm
(b) 13 sm
(g) 18 sm
(d) 24 sm
(e) 26 sm
188
50. romelia is ricxvi, romlis 7 nawili udris 35-s?
3
(a) 12
(b) 14
(g) 15
(d) 18
(e) 21
51. gigas a cali feradi kenWi hqonda. man Tavis Tanaklaselebs or-ori kenWi
aCuqa. amis Semdeg mas 3 kenWi darCa. ramden Tanaklasels aCuqa kenWebi gigam?
(a) a − 5
(b) a − 3
2
(g) a − 2
3
(d) + 3
a
2
(e) a − 3
2
189
monacemTa analizi
seqtemberSi gamomcemloba sxvadasxva sagnis saxelmZRvaneloebs yidda. diagramaze

mrudebiT SemosazRvrulia areebi, romlebic gviCvenebs, Tu romel dReebSi yidda
gamomcemloba maTematikis, istoriis, geografiisa da biologiis saxelmZRvaneloebs
da ra farglebSi meryeobda erTi egzemplaris fasi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
magaliTad, diagramidan Cans, rom 10 seqtembers gamomcemloba yidda maTematikisa
da istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, amasTan, maTematikis saxelmZRvaneloebis fasi am
dRis ganmavlobaSi 5,4-6,8 laris farglebSi meryeobda, xolo istoriisa _ 6,2-7,4
laris farglebSi.
52. biologiis saxelmZRvanelos minimaluri fasi istoriis saxelmZRvanelos

minimalur fasze metia:
(a) 0,2 lariT
(b) 0,4 lariT
(g) 0,6 lariT
(d) 0,8 lariT
(e) 1,0 lariT
53. romel dRes da romeli saxelmZRvanelos fasi meryeobda 5,8-6,4 laris

farglebSi?
(a) geografiis saxelmZRvanelos fasi 28 seqtembers
(b) biologiis saxelmZRvanelos fasi 22 seqtembers
(g) istoriis saxelmZRvanelos fasi 16 seqtembers
(d) maTematikis saxelmZRvanelos fasi 6 seqtembers
(e) aseTi SemTxveva ar yofila
190
54. ramdeni dRe iyo iseTi, romlis ganmavlobaSic gamomcemloba sami dasaxelebis
saxelmZRvanelos yidda?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8

(a) maTematikis saxelmZRvanelos fasi yovelTvis naklebi iyo istoriis
saxelmZRvanelos fasze
(b) im dReebSi, roca geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi iyideboda, istoriis
saxelmZRvaneloebi ar iyideboda
(g) Tvis ganmavlobaSi zogierT dRes oTxive dasaxelebis saxelmZRvanelo
iyideboda
(d) Tvis ganmavlobaSi ufro meti maTematikis saxelmZRvanelo gaiyida, vidre _
geografiisa
(e) im dReebis raodenoba, roca iyideboda rogorc maTematikis, aseve,
istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, naklebia im dReebis raodenobaze, roca iyideboda
rogorc biologiis, aseve, geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi
amocanebi
56. Tu x da y iseTi ricxvebia, rom 2 x > 0 , maSin:

3y
(a) x>0
(b) y>0
(g) 2x + 3y > 0
(d) 2x − 3y > 0
(e) xy > 0

zogierTis sidide miTiTebulia naxazze. α =
(a) 100°
(b) 110°
(g) 120°
(d) 130°
(e) 140°
191
58. sami Zmis saSualo asaki 12 welia. ris toli iqneba maT asakTa jami 5 wlis
Semdeg?
(a) 27 wlis
(b) 36 wlis
(g) 42 wlis
(d) 51 wlis
(e) 60 wlis
59. x, y da z aTze naklebi iseTi naturaluri ricxvebia, rom x + z + xy = 93. ris

tolia z ?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(g) 5
(d) 6
(e) 7
60. klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba 35-ze naklebia. sakontrolo weris Sedegebi

aseTi iyo: moswavleTa meeqvsedma miiRo 9 qula, mexuTedma _ 8 qula, danarCenebma _
7 qula. ramden moswavles miuRia 7 qula?
(a) 16
(b) 17
(g) 18
(d) 19
(e) 20
192
meti, airCieT (d).
A B

jami jami
saswavlebelSi 2001-2008
wlebSi pirvel kursze
yovelwliurad erTi da
imave raodenobis
studenti iricxeboda.
diagramaze warmodgenilia,
62. Tu ris toli iyo (a) (b) (g) (d)
gogonaTa procentuli
wili pirvelkurselebSi 2001-2008 wlebSi.
2001-2008 wlebSi 2001-2008 wlebSi

pirvelkurseli vaJebis pirvelkurseli gogonebis
udidesi raodenoba udidesi raodenoba
193
momReralTa konkursis yvela monawilem or turSi
miiRo monawileoba. im momReralTa raodenobebi,
romlebic pirvel turSi Seafases dabali da
saSualo qulebiT, ise Seefardeboda erTmaneTs,
rogorc 2:3, xolo im momReralTa raodenobebi,
romlebic meore turSi Seafases saSualo da maRali
63. qulebiT _ rogorc 3:4. (a) (b) (g) (d)
im momReralTa im momReralTa
raodenoba, romlebic raodenoba, romlebic
pirvel turSi Seafases meore turSi Seafases
saSualo qulebiT saSualo qulebiT
k iseTi mTeli ricxvia, rom 0,0010203 ⋅ 10 k > 1000 .

64. k 5
(a) (b) (g) (d)
M wertili oTxkuTxa piramidis AD

wibos Suawertilia, xolo N
wertili _ BC wibos Suawertili.
65. (a) (b) (g) (d)
∠MKN ∠KMN
194
amocanebi

mocemulia wrewiri, romlis centria K (3; 4 ) .
y-koordinatebidan udidesis mniSvneloba, Tu
x-koordinatebidan umciresis mniSvneloba 1-is
tolia?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8
67. m, n da k naturaluri ricxvebidan TiToeuli 3-ze metia. ras udris am

(a) 14
(b) 15
(g) 16
(d) 17
(e) 18
68. furceli gaWres Suaze, Semdeg TiToeuli naWeri isev Suaze gaWres da ase
moiqcnen kidev 6-jer. miRebuli naWrebis raodenobaa:
(a) 28
(b) 1+ 28
(g) 26
(d) 3 + 2 6
(e) 3 · 26
69. ABC samkuTxedSi ∠A < ∠B = ∠C . CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba

iyos am samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebi?
(a) 7 sm, 7 sm, 9 sm
(b) 3 sm, 7 sm, 8 sm
(g) 9 sm, 6 sm, 4 sm
(d) 4 sm, 4 sm, 5 sm
(e) 6 sm, 8 sm, 8 sm
195
maqsimum ris toli SeiZleba iyos 100-ze naklebi kenti ricxvis `sigrZe~?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(g) 5
(d) 6
(e) 7
71. b da y iseTi ricxvebia, rom b < 2 da 2 y − 3b = 0 . CamoTvlilTagan romlis

toli SeiZleba iyos y ?
(a) 4,5
(b) 4,2
(g) 3,5
(d) 3,1
(e) 2,8
72. ABCD paralelogramis AD gverdis sigrZe 4 sm-ia.
I. paralelogramis AD gverdis Sesabamisi simaRle 2 sm-is tolia.
II. paralelogramis AB gverdis Sesabamisi simaRle 3 sm-is tolia.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris tolia paralelogramis farTobi:

196
73. nakveTi didi da patara traqtorebiT moxnes. didi traqtori patarasTan
SedarebiT 2-jer ufro swrafad xnavda.
I. did traqtors am nakveTis mosaxnavad 3 dRe dasWirdeboda.
II. patara traqtors am nakveTis mosaxnavad 6 dRe dasWirdeboda.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni dRe dasWirda am nakveTis moxvnas:
74. maRaziaSi televizorebis 70% pirveli kviris ganmavlobaSi gaiyida, xolo

meore kviraSi gaiyida mxolod 12 televizori, romelTagan naxevari
farToekraniani iyo.
I. meore kviris ganmavlobaSi gaiyida darCenili farToekraniani televizorebis
50%.
II. ori kviris Semdeg gasayidad darCenili televizorebis mxolod mesamedi
iyo farToekraniani.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni televizori iyo maRaziaSi Tavdapirvelad:
197
75. drois mocemul SualedSi (magaliTad, kviris, Tvis Tu wlis ganmavlobaSi)
naleqianobis maCvenebeli ewodeba naleqiani dReebis raodenobis Sefardebas
mocemul SualedSi dReebis saerTo raodenobasTan.
I. ivnisis pirveli 20 dRis ganmavlobaSi naleqiani dReebis raodenoba 10-is
toli iyo.
II. ivnisis bolo 20 dRis ganmavlobaSi naleqiani dReebis raodenoba 15-is
toli iyo.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris toli iyo naleqianobis maCvenebeli ivnisis TveSi:
amocanebi
76. naxazze mocemuli marTkuTxa paralelepipedi,

romlis umciresi wibos sigrZea 2 sm, Sedgenilia toli
kubebisgan. ris tolia am paralelepipedis moculoba?
(a) 12 sm3
(b) 16 sm3
(g) 20 sm3
(d) 24 sm3
(e) 28 sm3
77. durgali SekveTis Sesasruleblad SabaT-kviris garda yoveldRe muSaobs. igi

dReSi 6 skams amzadebs da SekveTaze muSaobas momdevno kviris oTxSabaTs,
saRamos daasrulebs. mas rom dReSi 5 skami daemzadebina, maSin SekveTas 1 dRiT
gvian Seasrulebda. kviris romel dRes dauwyia muSaoba durgals?
(a) paraskevs
(b) xuTSabaTs
(g) oTxSabaTs
(d) samSabaTs
(e) orSabaTs
198
78. marTkuTxedis erT gverdze moniSnulia 4 wertili, mis mopirdapire gverdze _
2 wertili. sul ramdenia iseTi oTxkuTxedi, romelTa oTxive wvero moniSnul
wertilebs emTxveva?
(a) 3
(b) 6
(g) 9
(d) 12
(e) 15
79. agvistoSi ivlisTan SedarebiT 20%-iT meti turisti Camovida qalaqSi.

seqtemberSi turistebis raodenoba wina TvesTan SedarebiT 10%-iT Semcirda.
seqtemberSi qalaqSi Camosuli turistebis raodenoba ivlisTan SedarebiT:
(a) Semcirda 2%-iT
(b) Semcirda 10%-iT
(g) gaizarda 4%-iT
(d) gaizarda 8%-iT
(e) gaizarda 10%-iT
80. yuTSi wiTeli, Savi da TeTri burTulebi awyvia, sul _ 80 cali. wiTeli
burTulebi burTulebis saerTo raodenobis 3 -ze mets Seadgens. darCenili
4
burTulebis 2 nawili Savia. maqsimum ramdeni TeTri burTula SeiZleba iyos
3
yuTSi?
(a) 6
(b) 8
(g) 10
(d) 12
(e) 20
199
verbaluri nawili
analogiebi
1. sporti : rekordi
(a) xelovneba : Sedevri

(b) medicina : diagnozi
(g) arqeologia : eqspedicia
(d) mecniereba : publikacia
2. orWofobs : gadawyvita
(a) Sehyurebs : dainaxa

(b) CurCulebs : Tqva
(g) siamovnebs : moewona
(d) Tvlems : daiZina
3. konfidencialuri : sajaro
(a) toqsikuri : uvnebeli

(b) obieqturi : miukerZoebeli
(g) hermetuli : daxSuli
(d) progresuli : drouli
4. biliki : gamziri
(a) Cogani : burTi

(b) ciga : marxili
(g) yana : venaxi
(d) mTa : uReltexili
201
5. TviTmfrinavi : frinveli
(a) Ruza : myvinTavi

(b) roboti : avtopiloti
(g) teqsti : sufliori
(d) saaTi : guSagi
6. aborigeni : endemuri saxeoba
(a) turisti : samuzeumo eqsponati

(b) mkvlevari : monitoringi
(g) emigranti : saeqsporto saqoneli
(d) dampyrobeli : nadavli
202
7. aTonze _____ Tavisi saTvistomo, _____ daedoT bina. marTlac, _____

saqarTvelo-bizantiis urTierToba gacxovelda da qarTvelebi momravldnen
bizantiis saxelmwifoebriv-politikursa Tu saeklesio-samonastro asparezze,
_____ .
(a) bevr xalxs hqonda / miuxedavad amisa, bunebrivi rodi iqneboda, rom iq
qarTvelebsac / mas Semdeg, rac / maT aTonze dasaxlebac daiwyes
(b) iSviaTad Tu hqonda vinmes / Sesabamisad, naklebad mosalodneli iyo, rom iq
qarTvelebs / miuxedavad imisa, rom / maT mainc SeZles aTonze dasaxleba
(g) bevr xalxs hqonda / amitom bunebrivi iqneboda, rom iq qarTvelebsac / mas
Semdeg, rac / maT aTonze dasaxlebac daiwyes
(d) iSviaTad Tu hqonda vinmes / Tumca, mosalodneli iyo, rom iq qarTvelebs /
miuxedavad imisa, rom / maT mainc ver SeZles aTonze dasaxleba
8. SeuZlebelia bunebis kanonebi _____ . istoriulad _____ garemoebebSi

SeiZleba _____ mxolod forma, romliTac es kanonebi avlens Tavs.
(a) arasodes Seicvalos / erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul / icvlebodes

(b) odesme Seicvalos / erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul / icvlebodes
(g) arasodes Seicvalos / erTmaneTis msgavs / sxvadasxva iyos
(d) odesme Seicvalos / erTmaneTis msgavs / ucvleli rCebodes
203
9. kacobrioba ufro mets moigebs im adamianTa _____ ki, romlebic _____ ,
vidre maTi _____ SexedulebebiT, vinc am Sexedulebebs mxolod imitom iziarebs,
rom _____ .
(a) SecdomebiTac / damoukideblad fiqroben / marTebuli / fiqriT Tavis

Sewuxeba ar unda
(b) mier aRmoCenili WeSmaritebebiTac / sxvebis azrs iTvaliswineben / mcdari /
sxvebisgan moismina isini
(g) SecdomebiTac / sxvebis azrs brmad endobian / mcdari / damoukideblad fiqri
ar SeuZlia
(d) mier aRmoCenili WeSmaritebebiTac / damoukideblad fiqroben / marTebuli /
piradad darwmunda maT WeSmaritebaSi
10. Cvenamde moRweulia Zveli sparsuli bareliefi _ frTosan mxecTan mebrZoli

mefe. mefis moZraoba iseTi _____ , TiTqos is _____ . magram _____ iqneboda,
gvefiqra, rom sparselebs moZraobis gadmocema _____ amave bareliefze
warmodgenili mxecis gamosaxuleba _____ gamoirCeva.
(a) eqspresiulia / realur mxecs ebrZodes / marTebuli / ar SeeZloT,

miuxedavad imisa, rom / statikurobiT
(b) dinji da didebulia / sadarbazod gamodiodes / marTebuli / ostaturad
SeeZloT, radgan / mouqnelobiTa da statikurobiT
(g) eqspresiulia / realur mxecs ebrZodes / Secdoma / ostaturad SeeZloT,
miuxedavad imisa, rom / dinamikurobiT ar
(d) dinji da didebulia / sadarbazod gamodiodes / Secdoma / ar SeeZloT,
radgan / eqspresiulobiTa da dinamikurobiT
204
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
11. dedam bavSvebisTvis saaxalwlod SeiZina saCuqrebi, romlebic sxvadasxva yuTSi

moaTavsa da naZvis xesTan erT rigad daawyo. erT yuTSi devs saxatavi albomi,
erTSi _ zRaprebis wigni, erTSi _ Tojina, erTSi ki _ konstruqtori. yuTebi
sxvadasxva ferisaa _ TeTri, wiTeli, lurji, mwvane. garda amisa, cnobilia:
• marcxnidan pirveli yuTi lurjia, xolo meore yuTSi zRaprebis wigni devs.
• TeTri yuTis marjvniv devs yuTi, romelSic konstruqtoria, xolo marcxniv _
wiTeli yuTi.
• saxatavi albomi ar devs TeTr yuTSi.
qvemoT mocemulTagan romel striqonSia sworad miTiTebuli, ra feris yuTSi

devs TiToeuli saCuqari?
saxatavi albomi Tojina konstruqtori zRaprebis wigni

(a) TeTri lurji mwvane wiTeli
(b) lurji TeTri wiTeli mwvane
(g) wiTeli mwvane TeTri lurji
(d) lurji TeTri mwvane wiTeli
12. mocemulia msjeloba, romelSic daSvebulia Secdoma logikis TvalsazrisiT:

Tu marTalia, rom mxolod zogierTi mwerali SeiZleba gaxdes nobelis
premiis laureati, maSin ar arsebobs mwerali, romelic SesaZloa ver gaxdes
nobelis premiis laureati.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli Sesworebis Sedegad gaxdeba winadadeba

logikurad gamarTuli?
(a) sityvebi `mxolod zogierTi~ Seicvalos sityviT `zogierTi~

(b) sityva `SeiZleba~ Seicvalos sityvebiT àr SeiZleba~
(g) sityvebi àr arsebobs~ Seicvalos sityviT àrsebobs~
(d) sityvebi `SesaZloa ver~ Seicvalos sityviT `SesaZloa~
205
13. evropis erT-erT qveyanaSi kerZo universitetis profesori saSualod 50%-iT
mets gamoimuSavebs, vidre _ sajaro universitetis profesori, romelsac igive
kvalifikacia aqvs. miuxedavad amisa, sajaro universitetebSi maRali kvalifikaciis
mqone profesorTa nakleboba ar aris. amis safuZvelze eqspertma ivarauda, rom
muSaobis ZiriTadi motivi profesorebisTvis ara finansuri, aramed profesiuli
interesia.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli viTareba ganamtkicebs am varauds?
(a) kerZo universitetebSi profesoris vakansiebze Zalian didi konkurenciaa,

radgan am qveyanaSi sul ramdenime kerZo universiteti arsebobs
(b) am qveynis sajaro universitetebSi profesorebs gansakuTrebuli samuSao
pirobebi aqvT da damatebiTi SeRavaTebiTac sargebloben
(g) gamokvlevebma daadastura, rom swavlebisa da mecnieruli kvlevis xarisxi
qveynis sajaro universitetebSi ufro maRalia, vidre _ kerZo
universitetebSi
(d) qveynis sajaro universitetebSi zogierTi profesoris xelfasi metia, vidre _
kerZo universitetebis yvelaze maRalanazRaurebadi profesorebis xelfasi
14. anim koncertze mosawvevi baraTi miiRo. baraTis gamogzavna mxolod misi
oTxi megobridan erT-erTs SeeZlo. anim hkiTxa megobrebs: `vin gamomigzavna
mosawvevi baraTi?~
giorgi: arc me.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli SemTxvevaa SesaZlebeli?

(a) mxolod erTma maTganma icrua
(b) mxolod orma maTganma icrua
(g) mxolod samma maTganma icrua
(d) oTxive maTganma icrua
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ambavi SeiZleba sanaxaobad gadaiqces, Tuki mas mayurebeli eyoleba, isic

maSin, roca es ambavi, magaliTad, quCaSi Cxubi, wyaldidoba Tu miwisZvra, mas
piradad ar exeba. amasTan, ambavi uTuod grZnobebis aRmZvreli unda iyos, pasiur
TanagrZnobas mainc unda iwvevdes. arsebiTia isic, rom mayurebeli uxifaTo
adgilidan uyurebdes ambavs _ aucilebelia komfortis gancda, romelsac is
garemoeba badebs, rom, sabednierod, usiamovneba mas ar Sexvda, Tumca, yvelaferi
sxvagvaradac SeiZleboda momxdariyo. speqtaklis monawileebi da mayureblebi
daaxloebiT iseve gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, rogorc kokispirul wvimaSi
moxvedrili adamianebi da isini, vinc wvimas fanjridan adevneben Tvals.
speqtakli, sanaxaoba izidavs mayurebels. speqtakli yovelTvis met
STabeWdilebas axdens, vidre _ sityvieri informacia. amitom satelevizio
reportaJi ufro metad zemoqmedebs adamianze, vidre _ imave ambis aRwera
presaSi. Tumca, ekranze nanaxi, Tavis mxriv, nakleb efeqts axdens, vidre _
movlenaze uSualo dakvirveba, imis gamo, rom survilis SemTxvevaSic ki
SeuZlebelia gaxde misi Tanamonawile. televiziiT nanaxi, am mxriv, uaxlovdeba
sasceno moqmedebas. televizia mowmeebad gagxdiT da giCvenebT dabombvis Sedegad
dangreul Senobebs, devnil, moSimSile bavSvebs. Tqven ar gaqvT SesaZlebloba,
imwamsve daexmaroT vinmes an rogorme CaerioT im ambavSi, masSi monawileobis
misaRebad arc aravin giwvevT. amitom Tqveni sindisi ver dagayenebT dilemis
winaSe, rogor moiqceT.
winaswar momzadebul da organizebul sanaxaobas Cven warmodgenas
vuwodebT. nebismieri warmodgena SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc teqsti, da mis
aRqmas, Sesabamisad, ukavSirdeba teqstis wakiTxvis problemebi. Teatraluri
speqtakli warmodgenidan warmodgenamde met-naklebad icvleba da yoveli
warmodgena piesis teqstis erT-erTi SesaZlo interpretaciaa. kinematografiuli
nawarmoebi ki warmodgenaa, romelic dafiqsirebulia xelaxali warmodgenisTvis.
kinoteqsti ucvlelia, Tumca, misi wakiTxva bevrnairad SeiZleba.
oTar ioselianis azriT, kinematografiuli teqsti bevrad ufro Znelad
eqvemdebareba zust, erTaderT wakiTxvas, vidre _ literaturuli teqsti. firze
aRbeWdili obieqtebi (usulo Tu sulieri, moZravi Tu uZravi) arseboben filmis
gareT, realur konteqstSi, im gamogonili, filmisTvis specifikuri konteqstisgan
damoukideblad, romelSic reJisori maT niSnebad CarTvas apirebs. yovel aseT
`niSans~ Tan mohyveba am axali konteqstisaTvis ucxo `biografiuli~ surneleba
da specifikuri elferi. amgvarad, niSnis nacvlad Cven misi aracalsaxa
surogatiT vsargeblobT, ris gamoc nawarmoebs sxvadasxvagvarad vkiTxulobT _
yoveli mayurebeli, Tavisi piradi yofiTi gamocdilebisa da inteleqtualuri
donis Sesatyvisad, erTsa da imave kinematografiul frazas sxvadasxva
mniSvnelobas miawers.
reJisori piter grinvei ki werda: `kino ar aris saukeTeso mediumi ambebis
TxrobisTvis. is metismetad specifikuria, Zalian mcire adgils utovebs, mkacrad
zRudavs warmosaxvas _ warmarTavs mas reJisoris mier gansazRvruli
mimarTulebiT. roca kiTxulobT, rom personaJi oTaxSi Semovida, aTasgvari
scenari SeiZleba warmoidginoT. xolo roca ekranze xedavT, rom is oTaxSi
Semovida, mxolod erTi scenariT xarT SezRudulni.~
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15. ra funqcia aqvs I abzacSi winadadebas kokispirul wvimaSi moxvedrili
adamianebis Sesaxeb?
am winadadebiT:
(a) xazgasmulia TanagrZnobis faqtori, rac uTuod Cndeba kokispirul wvimaSi
moxvedrili adamianebis mimarT
(b) xazgasmulia komfortis mniSvneloba im adamianebisTvis, romlebic wvimas
fanjridan adevneben Tvals
(g) TvalsaCino xdeba mimarTeba sanaxaobis monawileebsa da amave sanaxaobis
mayureblebs Soris
(d) TvalsaCino xdeba, rogor iqceva ambavi sanaxaobad, Tu is garkveul grZnobebs
aRZravs
16. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli debuleba ar aris marTebuli teqstis

mixedviT?
(a) Teatraluri sanaxaoba ufro Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens adamianze, vidre _

Jurnal-gazeTebidan amokiTxuli ambavi
(b) sityvieri informacia ufro naklebad zemoqmedebs adamianze, vidre _
satelevizio reportaJi
(g) presaSi aRwerili ambavi naklebad zemoqmedebs adamianze, vidre _ televiziiT
nanaxi
(d) filmSi nanaxi ufro Zlier STabeWdilebas axdens adamianze, vidre _ msgavs
ambavze uSualo dakvirveba
17. teqstis wakiTxvis TvalsazrisiT kino da Teatri:
(a) emsgavseba erTmaneTs: orive warmodgena _ filmi da speqtakli _ winaswar aris

momzadebuli da organizebuli, orives teqsti dafiqsirebulia xelaxali
warmodgenisTvis
(b) emsgavseba erTmaneTs: rogorc filmis, aseve Teatraluri warmodgenis teqsti
ucvlelia, Tumca, TiToeulis wakiTxva sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba
(g) gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan: filmis teqsti wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar icvleba,
Teatraluri warmodgenis teqsti ki SeiZleba Seicvalos reJisoris poziciisa
Tu msaxiobebis ganwyobis cvalebadobis Sesabamisad
(d) gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan: erTi da igive nawarmoebi kinoreJisorma SeiZleba
erTi interpretaciiT SemogvTavazos, Teatris reJisorma ki _ sruliad sxva
interpretaciiT
208
18. raze migvaniSnebs IV abzacSi winadadeba: `niSnis nacvlad misi aracalsaxa
surogatiT vsargeblobT~?
(a) filmis Seqmnisas reJisori eyrdnoba im winaistorias, romelic firze

aRbeWdil obieqtebs aqvT, da amiT xels uwyobs mayureblis mier maT
erTmniSvnelovnad aRqmas
(b) filmis yurebisas kadrSi SeiZleba davinaxoT garemo, obieqtebi, msaxiobebi,
romelTa mimarT Cven Cveni damokidebuleba gvaqvs, da am damokidebulebiT
vsargeblobT axal konteqstSi maT erTmniSvnelovnad aRsaqmelad
(g) filmis yurebisas kadrSi vxedavT ama Tu im obieqts, romelsac Tavisi
winaistoria aqvs, da amitom TiToeul mayurebelSi sxvadasxva asociacias
aRZravs. es ki mis aRqmas araerTmniSvnelovans xdis
(d) firze aRbeWdili obieqtebis mimarT Cven Cveni individualuri
damokidebuleba gvaqvs, amitom axal konteqstSi maT realurad arsebuli
obieqtebis Semcvlelebad aRviqvamT
19. oTar ioselianisa da piter grinveis mosazrebaTa Sejerebis Sedegad SeiZleba

vTqvaT:
(a) oTar ioseliani gamoricxavs filmis teqstis mravalnairi interpretaciis

SesaZleblobas, xolo piter grinveis miaCnia, rom, filmisgan gansxvavebiT,
wignSi wakiTxuli sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciis saSualebas iZleva
(b) ioselianis azriT, wignSi wakiTxuli SeiZleba ufro erTmniSvnelovnad
gavigoT, vidre _ filmSi nanaxi, grinvei ki xazs usvams filmis TiToeuli
epizodis erTmniSvnelovnebas da wignis kiTxvisas fantaziis Tavisuflebas
(g) orive reJisors ZiriTadad erTi pozicia aqvs: Tu Cveni, rogorc mkiTxvelisa
an mayureblis, warmosaxva mdidaria, maSin SegviZlia wakiTxuli wignisa Tu
nanaxi filmis nairgvarad interpretireba
(d) orive reJisoris pozicia filmis aRqmasTan dakavSirebiT erTgvaria,
werilobiTi teqstis amokiTxvaze ki maT gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi aqvT:
ioselianis azriT, werilobiT teqsts erTi wakiTxva aqvs, grinveis azriT ki,
kiTxvisas ar xarT erTi scenariT SezRudulebi
20. am teqstis ZiriTadi mizania, warmoaCinos:
(a) ama Tu im saxis sanaxaobis specifikuri niSnebi

(b) literaturuli Tu kinematografiuli nawarmoebebis sxvadasxvagvarad
interpretirebis SesaZlebloba
(g) ori cnobili reJisoris mosazrebebi kinematografiuli teqstis aRqmasTan
dakavSirebiT
(d) warmodgenis, zogadad, sanaxaobisa da mayureblis urTierTmimarTebis
Taviseburebani
209
analogiebi
21. legaluri : kontrabanda gulwrfeli :

(a) damokidebuleba
(b) pirferoba
(g) undobloba
(d) uangaroba
22. sinjara : kolba tivi :

(a) borani
(b) mori
(g) xidi
(d) bogiri
23. klasifikacia : diferencireba wonasworobis dacva :

(a) gaTanabreba
(b) gaigiveba
(g) balansireba
(d) koordinireba
24. kaskadiori : Canacvleba mecenati :

(a) SerCeva
(b) mfarveloba
(g) dajildoeba
(d) dafaseba
25. harmonia : SeTanxmebuli monoliTi :

(a) erTiani
(b) gamorCeuli
(g) giganturi
(d) Sedgenili
26. farda : dasasruli scena :

(a) ovacia
(b) afiSa
(g) nawili
(d) centri
210
27. media sazogadoebriv azrs ise warmoadgens, TiTqos yoveli Cvengani

SexedulebaTa speqtris an erT bolozea, an _ meoreze: an kerZo seqtors uWers
mxars, an _ Zlier mTavrobas; an kosmopolitia, an _ Sovinisti. _____ iSviaTad
Tu _____ am radikaluri Tvalsazrisebidan romelimes _ _____ Cveni
Sexedulebebi _____ .
(a) amitom / SexvdebiT vinmes, vinc ar iziarebs / amis gamoa / esoden

mravalferovani
(b) Tumca, realur samyaroSi / iziarebs vinme / sinamdvileSi / bevrad ufro
mravalferovania
(g) marTlac, / SexvdebiT vinmes, vinc ar iziarebs / sinamdvileSi ki / sulac ar
aris ase erTferovani
(d) amis miuxedavad, / iziarebs vinme / mediis damsaxurebiTaa / esoden
erTferovani
28. adamianebis erToba sazogadoebad _____ mxolod erTmaneTTan fizikurad

axlos cxovrebis Sedegad. _____ sxvebisgan moSorebiT myofi _____ .
erTmaneTisgan aTasobiT kilometriT daSorebul adamianebs Soris wigniT an
weriliT gaCenili kavSiri _____ kavSiri erT WerqveS mcxovrebT Soris.
(a) ar yalibdeba / marTlac, / adamianic SeiZleba iyos sazogadoebis

srulfasovani wevri / verasodes iqneba ise myari, rogorc
(b) yalibdeba / bunebrivia, / adamiani SedarebiT Tavisufalia sazogadoebis
gavlenisagan / SeiZleba gacilebiT ufro myari iyos, vidre
(g) ar yalibdeba / marTlac, / adamianic ar aris Tavisufali sazogadoebis
gavlenisagan / SeiZleba gacilebiT ufro myari iyos, vidre
(d) yalibdeba / amitom ucnauria, rom / adamiani ver iqneba sazogadoebis
srulfasovani wevri / verasodes iqneba ise myari, rogorc
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29. dRes, albaT, veRaravin gabedavs imis Tqmas, rom kvlevis Rirebuleba _____ .
gamocdilebam gviCvena, rom _____ Ziebis Sedegebi _____ saWiro praqtikisaTvis.
(a) mxolod misi uSualo praqtikuli sargeblianobis mixedviT izomeba /

SeuZlebelia winaswar ganvsazRvroT, erTi SexedviT, gamousadegari / rodis
da rogor aRmoCndeba
(b) misi uSualo praqtikuli sargeblianobis mixedviT ar izomeba / ar unda
ugulebelvyoT, erTi SexedviT, gamousadegari / mxolod imitom, rom isini ar
aRmoCnda
(g) didwilad damokidebulia mis praqtikul sargeblianobaze / swored
konkretuli yofiTi problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli / aRmoCndeba xolme
uaRresad
(d) ar aris damokidebuli mis praqtikul sargeblianobaze / SeiZleba
konkretuli yofiTi problemebis gadaWraze mimarTuli / aRmoCndes yvelaze
naklebad
30. moswavleTa moTxovnilebebisa da SesaZleblobebis _____ mosazrebas, _____

sagnebi da swavlebis meTodebi, romlebic Tavisi arsiT da daniSnulebiT _____
gonebrivi ganviTarebisTvis.
(a) gauTvaliswinebloba gangvimtkicebs / rom ar arsebobs / yovelTvis mavnea

(b) gaTvaliswineba aZlierebs / rom ar arsebobs / odesme sasargeblo iqneba
(g) gauTvaliswinebloba warmoSobs / TiTqos arsebobs / yovelTvis kargia
(d) gaTvaliswineba ukuagdebs / TiTqos arsebobs / odesme usargeblo aRmoCndeba
212
logika
Sesabamisi pasuxi.
naxazis formiT.
31. samxatvro akademiis studentebisTvis moewyo konkursi cnobili mxatvrebis

namuSevrebis aslebis SeqmnaSi. pirvel oTx adgilze gasulTa Sesaxeb Semdegi
informacia gvaqvs:
• mari, romelic pikasos naxatis asls qmnida, bolo ar iyo.
• juna mesame adgilze gavida.
• man, vinc mones naxatis asls akeTebda, pirveli adgili daikava.
• anam ajoba mas, vinc firosmanis naxatis asls akeTebda.
• man, vinc gogenis naxatis asls qmnida, ajoba elenes.
Semdegi debulebebidan romeli ar gamomdinareobs mocemuli informaciidan?
(a) anam daikava pirveli adgili

(b) junam daxata gogenis naxatis asli
(g) elenem daikava meore adgili
(d) elenem daxata firosmanis naxatis asli
32. statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT, bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi A qveynidan

B qveyanaSi migrirebuli mosaxleobis reemigraciis (samSobloSi dabrunebis)
maCveneblebi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda. eqspertebma ivaraudes, rom B qveyanaSi
socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi gauaresda, rac reemigraciis zrdis mizezi gaxda.
qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan romeli ayenebs eWvqveS eqspertTa varauds?
(a) aRniSnuli drois monakveTSi B qveyanaSi amoqmedda kanoni, romlis

safuZvelzec garTulda sxva qveynis moqalaqeTa mier dasaqmebis uflebis
mopoveba
(b) A qveynis kulturisTvis specifikuri tradiciebi da Rirebulebebi enaTesaveba
B qveynis kulturaSi damkvidrebul normebs
(g) reemigrirebuli mosaxleobis umetesma nawilma migrantad cxovrebis bolo
wlebSi mniSvnelovani finansuri resursebi ver daagrova
(d) aRniSnuli drois monakveTSi B qveyanaSi amoqmedda kanoni socialuri
daxmarebis programebis SezRudvis Sesaxeb
213
I. yvela zebra zoliania.
II. zogierTi zoliani cxoveli balaxiT ikvebeba.
III. zogierTi zebra balaxiT ikvebeba.

mimarTebas?

(d) am sami winadadebidan arc erTi ar gamomdinareobs danarCeni oridan
34. mocemulia:
• yvela kargi sportsmeni yuradRebas aqcevs jansaR kvebas.
• kargi sportsmenebi yvela qveyanaSi arian.
• saqarTveloSi bevria iseTi adamiani, vinc yuradRebas aqcevs jansaR kvebas.
maSasadame, saqarTveloSi bevri kargi sportsmenia.
es daskvna:
(a) gamomdinareobs mxolod erT-erTi wanamZRvridan
(b) gamomdinareobs mxolod ori wanamZRvridan erTad
(g) gamomdinareobs mxolod samive wanamZRvridan erTad
(d) ar gamomdinareobs mocemuli wanamZRvrebidan
214
cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac cxovelTa ama Tu im saxeobis zogierTi
warmomadgeneli TavganwirviT emsaxureba sxvebs. magaliTad, muSa futkrebi
qancgawyvetamde Sromoben, raTa moipovon resursebi ojaxisTvis; skis dacvisas
kbenen `momxdurs~, rac TviTmkvlelobis tolfasia. qcevas, romelic TiTqos
uangaroa da individisTvis sasargeblo ar aris (SesaZloa sazianoc ki iyos),
magram sxvebis keTildReobas emsaxureba, altruistuli ewodeba.
Carlz darvinis evoluciis Teoriis Tanaxmad, garemo pirobebTan saxeobaTa
Segueba da, Sesabamisad, gadarCena damokidebulia maT reproduqciul
warmatebulobaze. am Teoriis safuZvelze Znelad asaxsneli Canda altruistuli
qcevis evoluciis meqanizmi. darvini varaudobda, rom amgvari qcevis evoluciis
SemTxvevaSi bunebrivi gadarCeva exeba ara saxeobis calkeul warmomadgenlebs,
aramed mTlianad ojaxsa da saxeobas. magram misTvis gaugebari rCeboda, rogor
aris SesaZlebeli, gadarCevis procesSi damkvidrdes amgvari msxverplis gaRebis
tendencia. TiTqos aSkaraa, rom altruizmze pasuxismgebeli genebi sul ufro
iSviaTad unda gamovlindes da bolos gaqres, radgan am niSan-Tvisebis mqone
individebi ufro naklebad gamravldebian, vidre _ isini, vinc altruizmiT ar
gamoirCevian.
gasuli saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ingliselma biologma uiliam hamiltonma am
movlenis asaxsnelad gamoiyena termini `naTesavTa gadarCeva~. es termini aRniSnavs
evoluciur strategias, romlis mixedviTac individis naTesavTa gadarCeva (maTi
gamravlebis uzrunvelyofa) TviT individis xarjze xdeba. amis klasikur magaliTad
miCneulia WianWvelebis kolonia, romelSic unayofo mdedrebi (`muSebi~) sakvebiT
amarageben TavianT dedas (`dedofals~) da, amgvarad, xels uwyoben STamomavlobis
warmoqmnaSi. am gziT `muSebi~ uzrunvelyofen TavianTi genebis SenarCunebasa da
gamravlebas, radgan maT da `dedofals~ mravlad aqvT erTnairi genebi. amrigad,
individma, romelic altruizms avlens, SeiZleba gadaarCinos meti Tavisi geni, Tu
izrunebs ara sakuTari Tavis, aramed naTesavebis gadarCenaze.
hamiltonis Teoria maTematikuri sizustiT aCvenebda, rom erTi saxeobis
farglebSi altruistuli qceva STamomavlobis warmoqmnas yvelaze metad maSin
Seuwyobs xels, Tu recipientis (daxmarebis mimRebis) sargebloba mniSvnelovnad
gadaaWarbebs donoris (altruistis) danakargebs. mis mier Camoyalibebuli formulis
mixedviT, bunebrivi gadarCevisas altruizmis genebi damkvidrdeba, Tu c < br, sadac
c is danakargia, romelic altruistul aqts mosdevs, b sargeblobaa, romelsac
iRebs recipienti, r ki naTesauri kavSiris xarisxia. naTesauri kavSiris xarisxi im
genebis wilis tolia, romlebic saerToa recipientisa da donorisTvis.
socialuri cxovelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia urTierTaltruizmic _
altruistuli qceva, mimarTuli sakuTari jgufis an saxeobis im warmomadgenelTa
gadasarCenad, romlebTanac individs naTesauri kavSiri SesaZloa, arc hqondes.
cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac delfinebi cdilobdnen, wylis zedapirze
gaeCerebinaT daWrili Tanagundeli, Tavad ki am dros sunTqva uWirdaT. amerikeli
biologis r. triversis Tanaxmad, individebi saWiroebisas imitom exmarebian
erTmaneTs, rom ìcian~, arc maT etyvian uars daxmarebaze; am dros ukve moqmedebs
jgufuri gadarCenis meqanizmi _ verc erTi socialuri sistema ver iarsebebs
urTierTdaxmarebisa da misi ukiduresi formis, altruizmis gareSe.
215
35. ratom iyo Znelad asaxsneli darvinisTvis altruistuli qcevis arseboba Tu
damkvidreba?
(a) darvinisTvis gaugebari rCeboda altruistuli qcevis evoluciis meqanizmi

(b) darvini varaudobda, rom bunebrivi gadarCeva exeba ara saxeobis calkeul
warmomadgenlebs, aramed mTlian ojaxebs
(g) darvinisTvis gaugebari rCeboda, ratom avlens zogierTi individi iseT qcevas,
romelic sxvebis keTildReobas emsaxureba, Tumca, misTvis sazianoa
(d) darvini varaudobda, rom am niSan-Tvisebis mqone individebi ufro naklebad
gamravldebodnen, vidre _ isini, vinc altruizmiT ar gamoirCeoda
36. I abzacis bolo winadadebaSi gamoyenebuli sityva `TiTqos~ imis

mimaniSnebelia, rom:
(a) altruistuli qceva ar aris damaxasiaTebeli calkeuli individisTvis,

radganac jgufis keTildReobis miRwevas isaxavs miznad
(b) altruistuli qceva SesaZloa individisTvis saziano iyos, samagierod, es
qceva mis ufro mniSvnelovan miznebs emsaxureba
(g) saeWvoa, individma ganaxorcielos iseTi qceva, romelic daemuqreba sxvebis
keTildReobas
(d) uangaro qceva sinamdvileSi sakuTar keTildReobas emsaxureba da ara sxvebis
gadarCenas
37. ra mimarTebaa III, IV da V abzacebs Soris?
(a) samive abzacSi aris mcdeloba, pasuxi gaeces im SekiTxvas, romelic awuxebda
darvins, amasTan, III-IV abzacebSi – erTi meqanizmis, V abzacSi ki _ sxva
meqanizmis safuZvelze
(b) III abzacSi dasabuTebulia darvinis mier gamoTqmuli varaudi, IV abzacSi
axsnilia genebis gadarCevis meqanizmi, xolo V abzacSi moyvanilia bunebrivi
gadarCevis koncefciis sawinaaRmdego argumentebi
(g) samive abzacSi Sesabamisi magaliTebiT dadasturebulia darvinis Teoriis
ZiriTadi idea socialuri qcevisa da bunebrivi gadarCevis urTierTkavSiris
Sesaxeb
(d) III abzacSi aris mcdeloba, pasuxi gaeces darvinis ZiriTad SekiTxvas, IV-V
abzacebSi ki gansxvavebuli meqanizmebis moqmedebiTaa axsnili bunebrivi
gadarCevis procesi
216
38. cxovelTa saxeobebis umravlesobaSi da-Zmis saerTo genebis wili 50%-s
Seadgens da, Sesabamisad, hamiltonis formulaSi r-is sidide 1/2-is tolia. qvemoT
CamoTvlilTagan altruizmis romeli SemTxvevaa gamarTlebuli hamiltonis
Teoriis mixedviT?
individi Tavs gaswiravs:

(a) mxolod dis da misi STamomavlobis gadasarCenad
(b) ori Zmisa da dis gadasarCenad
(g) da-Zmisa da maTi STamomavlobis gadasarCenad
(d) mxolod ori Zmis gadasarCenad
39. risi Tqma surda triverss fraziT: individebi saWiroebisas imitom exmarebian
erTmaneTs, rom ìcian~, arc maT etyvian uars daxmarebaze? (upasuxeT V abzacis
mixedviT)
(a) am tipis altruistuli qceva cxovelTa mxolod im saxeobebTan gamovlindeba,

romlebic naTesauri kavSirebis gareSe erTiandebian jgufebad
(b) am tipis qcevas axorcieleben mxolod gundis im wevrebis mimarT, romlebmac
warsulSi maT msgavsi samsaxuri gauwies
(g) am tipis altruistuli qceva damaxasiaTebelia im cxovelebisaTvis, romlebmac
ician, ramdenad sasargebloa erToblivi cxovreba
(d) am tipis qceva urTierTsargeblobis principzea damyarebuli, ris gareSe
jgufis stabiluroba da keTildReoba ver SenarCundeba
40. qvemoT aRwerilia cxovelebTan altruistuli qcevis gamovlenis SemTxvevebi:

I. frinvelTa zogierT saxeobaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, roca mtaceblebisgan Tavis
dasacavad frinvelTa ramdenime wyvili, naTesauri kavSiris ararsebobis
miuxedavad, erT budeSi zrdis Tavis STamomavlobas.
II. cnobilia SemTxvevebi, rodesac lomveSapebi zrunaven TavianT TanagundelTa
daoblebul naSierze, romlis mSoblebi mtaceblis Tavdasxmas emsxverplnen.
III. cnobilia, rom ZaRlebi an mglebi iSvileben xolme daoblebul vefxvis
bokverebsa da ixvis Wukebsac ki da zrunaven maTze, rogorc sakuTar naSierze.
romeli tipis altruizmis magaliTad gamogvadgeba es SemTxvevebi?
(a) samive SemTxveva urTierTaltruizmis gamovlenas warmoadgens

(b) I da II SemTxvevebi `naTesavTa gadarCevis~ meqanizmis moqmedebis ilustraciaa,
xolo III SemTxveva – urTierTaltruizmisa
(g) I da II SemTxvevebi urTierTaltruizmis magaliTebia, xolo III SemTxveva _
gansxvavebuli tipis altruizmisa
(d) I da II SemTxvevebi – urTierTaltruizmis ilustraciaa, xolo III SemTxveva _
`naTesavTa gadarCevis~ meqanizmis moqmedebisa
217
maTematikuri nawili


n
a :a =a
manZili
dro
AB2 = AC2 + BC2
monacemTa jami
218
meti, airCieT (d).
A B
41. 5 584 (a) (b) (g) (d)

7 721

erTdroulad gamovida ori avtobusi. rogorc
pirveli, aseve, meore avtobusi Seuferxeblad,
Tanabari siCqariT moZraobda. Sexvedris Semdeg
42. pirvel avtobuss B qalaqSi Casasvlelad 2 saaTi (a) (b) (g) (d)
dasWirda, meores A-Si Casasvlelad ki _ 3 saaTi.
pirveli avtobusis meore avtobusis
siCqare siCqare
or wrewirs mxolod erTi saerTo

wertili aqvs da maTi centrebi mesame
wrewiris diametrze mdebareobs.
rogorc pirvel, ise, meore wrewirs
43. mesame wrewirTan TiTo saerTo (a) (b) (g) (d)
wertili aqvs.
mesame wrewiris pirveli da meore

sigrZe wrewirebis sigrZeTa jami
219
finjani larnakze 6-jer iafia, xolo TefSze 2-jer
Zviria. larnaki 2-jer Zviria Wiqaze.
44. (a) (b) (g) (d)
larnakis Rirebuleba TefSis, finjnisa da
Wiqis Rirebuleba
45. m2 − n2 2m − 2n (a) (b) (g) (d)

kvadratia. AC da BD
monakveTebis boloebi badis
46. (a) (b) (g) (d)
kvanZebs emTxveva (ix. naxazi).
AC monakveTis sigrZe BD monakveTis sigrZe
220
amocanebi
47. ramdeniT metia umciresi kenti xuTniSna ricxvi udides luw samniSna ricxvze?
(a) 99-iT
(b) 9001-iT
(g) 9003-iT
(d) 9981-iT
(e) 9900-iT
48. sandrom 72-gverdiani moTxroba 3 dReSi waikiTxa. yovel momdevno dRes is

winasTan SedarebiT 2 gverdiT naklebs kiTxulobda. ramdeni gverdi waukiTxavs
sandros bolo dRes?
(a) 22
(b) 23
(g) 24
(d) 25
(e) 26
49. Tu kvadratis perimetri tolia im marTkuTxedis perimetrisa, romlis sigrZe

9 sm-ia, xolo sigane _ 3 sm, maSin am kvadratis farTobia:
(a) 12 sm2
(b) 16 sm2
(g) 24 sm2
(d) 27 sm2
(e) 36 sm2
221
50. romelia is ricxvi, romlis 6 nawili udris 48-s?
5
(a) 36
(b) 40
(g) 45
(d) 50
(e) 54
51. gigas 17 feradi kenWi hqonda. man Tavis Tanaklaselebs sam-sami kenWi aCuqa.
amis Semdeg mas a cali kenWi darCa. ramden Tanaklasels aCuqa kenWebi gigam?
(a) 17 − 3a
(b) 17 − a
3
(g) 17 −3
a
(d) 17 − a
3
(e) 17 + a
3
222
monacemTa analizi
seqtemberSi gamomcemloba sxvadasxva sagnis saxelmZRvaneloebs yidda. diagramaze

mrudebiT SemosazRvrulia areebi, romlebic gviCvenebs, Tu romel dReebSi yidda
gamomcemloba maTematikis, istoriis, geografiisa da biologiis saxelmZRvaneloebs
da ra farglebSi meryeobda erTi egzemplaris fasi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
magaliTad, diagramidan Cans, rom 10 seqtembers gamomcemloba yidda maTematikisa
da istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, amasTan, maTematikis saxelmZRvaneloebis fasi am
dRis ganmavlobaSi 5,4-6,8 laris farglebSi meryeobda, xolo istoriisa _ 6,2-7,4
laris farglebSi.
52. erT-erTma myidvelma saxelmZRvanelos TiToeul egzemplarSi 7 lari da 40

TeTri gadaixada. CamoTvlilTagan romel dRes SeiZleboda momxdariyo es?
(a) 3 seqtembers
(b) 6 seqtembers
(g) 9 seqtembers
(d) 12 seqtembers
(e) 15 seqtembers
53. 26 seqtembers gamomcemlobam biologiis 300 cali da geografiis 200 cali

saxelmZRvanelo gayida. CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli SeiZleba iyos am dRes
saxelmZRvaneloebis gayidviT miRebuli Semosavali?
(a) 2600 lari
(b) 3000 lari
(g) 3400 lari
(d) 3800 lari
(e) 4200 lari
223
54. ramdeni dRe iyo iseTi, romlis ganmavlobaSic gamomcemloba sami dasaxelebis
saxelmZRvaneloebs yidda?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(g) 5
(d) 6
(e) 7

(a) maTematikis saxelmZRvanelos fasi yovelTvis naklebi iyo istoriis
saxelmZRvanelos fasze
(b) im dReebis raodenoba, roca iyideboda rogorc maTematikis, aseve
istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebi, naklebia im dReebis raodenobaze, roca iyideboda
rogorc biologiis, aseve geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi
(g) Tvis ganmavlobaSi ufro meti maTematikis saxelmZRvanelo gaiyida, vidre _
geografiisa
(d) im dReebSi, roca geografiis saxelmZRvaneloebi iyideboda, istoriis
saxelmZRvaneloebi ar iyideboda
(e) Tvis ganmavlobaSi zogierT dRes oTxive dasaxelebis saxelmZRvanelo
iyideboda
amocanebi
56. Tu a da b iseTi ricxvebia, rom ab < 0 , maSin:
(a) a < 0
(b) a < 0
b
(g) a + b < 0
(d) b > 0
(e) a + b > 0

zogierTis sidide miTiTebulia naxazze. β =
(a) 85°
(b) 100°
(g) 105°
(d) 125°
(e) 130°
224
58. oTxi Zmis saSualo asaki 11 welia. ris toli iqneba maT asakTa jami 3 wlis
Semdeg?
(a) 23 wlis
(b) 33 wlis
(g) 44 wlis
(d) 47 wlis
(e) 56 wlis
59. x, y da z aTze naklebi iseTi naturaluri ricxvebia, rom x + z + zy = 92. ris

tolia x ?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(g) 3
(d) 4
(e) 5
60. TviTmfrinavSi, romelSic maqsimum 60 mgzavri eteva, mgzavrebis meSvidedi

qalebi arian, mervedi _ bavSvebi, xolo danarCeni _ mamakacebi. ramdeni mamakacia
sul am TviTmfrinavSi?
(a) 37
(b) 38
(g) 39
(d) 40
(e) 41
225
meti, airCieT (d).
A B

jami jami
saswavlebelSi 2001-2008
wlebSi pirvel kursze
yovelwliurad erTi da
imave raodenobis
studenti iricxeboda.
diagramaze warmodgenilia,
62. Tu ris toli iyo
(a) (b) (g) (d)
gogonaTa procentuli
wili pirvelkurselebSi 2001-2008 wlebSi.
2001-2008 wlebSi 2001-2008 wlebSi

pirvelkurseli pirvelkurseli
gogonebis umciresi vaJebis umciresi
raodenoba raodenoba
226
momReralTa konkursis yvela monawilem or turSi
miiRo monawileoba. im momReralTa raodenobebi,
romlebic pirvel turSi Seafases, Sesabamisad,
dabali, saSualo an maRali qulebiT, ise
Seefardeboda erTmaneTs, rogorc 2:5:3, xolo meore
63. turSi _ rogorc 5:9:6. (a) (b) (g) (d)
im momReralTa im momReralTa
raodenoba, romlebic raodenoba, romlebic
pirvel turSi Seafases meore turSi Seafases
maRali qulebiT maRali qulebiT
n iseTi mTeli ricxvia, rom 10203 : 10 n > 0,1 .

64. n 6
(a) (b) (g) (d)
M wertili oTxkuTxa piramidis

AD wibos Suawertilia, xolo N
wertili _ DC wibos Suawertili.
65. (a) (b) (g) (d)
∠MKN ∠MNK
227
amocanebi
66. marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze mocemulia

wrewiri, romlis centria K (3; 4) . ris tolia am
wrewirze mdebare wertilebis x-koordinatebidan
udidesis mniSvneloba, Tu y-koordinatebidan
umciresis mniSvneloba 2-is tolia?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8
67. m, n da k naturaluri ricxvebidan TiToeuli 4-ze metia. ras udris am

(a) 14
(b) 15
(g) 16
(d) 17
(e) 18
68. furceli gaWres xuT nawilad, Semdeg TiToeuli naWeri isev xuT nawilad
gaWres da ase moiqcnen kidev 7-jer. miRebuli naWrebis raodenobaa:
(a) 57
(b) 6 + 57
(g) 6 · 57
(d) 59
(e) 1 + 59
69. ABC samkuTxedSi ∠A < ∠B ≤ ∠C . CamoTvlilTagan romlis toli ar

SeiZleba iyos am samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebi?
(a) 5 sm, 5 sm, 7 sm
(b) 7 sm, 9 sm, 9 sm
(g) 3 sm, 8 sm, 8 sm
(d) 3 sm, 7 sm, 8 sm
(e) 4 sm, 5 sm, 6 sm
228
maqsimum ris toli SeiZleba iyos 100-ze naklebi ricxvis `sigrZe~?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8
71. b da y iseTi ricxvebia, rom b > 3 da 3 y − 4b = 0 . CamoTvlilTagan romlis

toli SeiZleba iyos y ?
(a) 4,2
(b) 4
(g) 3,2
(d) 3
(e) 1
72. ABCD paralelogramia.

I. AB gverdis sigrZea 2 sm.
II. AD gverdis sigrZea 3 sm.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ris tolia paralelogramis farTobi:

229
73. nakveTs ori _ didi da patara traqtoriT xnavdnen.
I. orive traqtors, erTad muSaobis SemTxvevaSi, nakveTis mosaxnavad 6 dRe
sWirdeba.
II. didi traqtori patarasTan SedarebiT 3-jer ufro swrafad muSaobs.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni dRe dasWirdeba am nakveTis moxvnas, Tu mxolod
didi traqtori imuSavebs:
74. saskolo olimpiadaSi skolis moswavleTa 25% monawileobda. warmatebas

60-ma moswavlem miaRwia, romelTagan 40 gogona iyo, 20 ki _ vaJi.
I. saskolo olimpiadaSi warmatebas miaRwia monawileTa 30%-ma.
II. skolaSi moswavle gogonaTa saerTo raodenoba 2-jer aRemateboda saskolo
olimpiadaSi monawile gogonaTa raodenobas.
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni moswavlea sul am skolaSi:
230
75. drois mocemul SualedSi (magaliTad, kviris, Tvis Tu wlis ganmavlobaSi)
naleqianobis maCvenebeli ewodeba am SualedSi naleqiani dReebis raodenobis
ivnisis pirvel naxevarSi naleqianobis maCvenebeli igive iyo, rac _ amave Tvis
meore naxevarSi.
I. ivnisis pirvel naxevarSi 3 dRe iyo naleqiani.
II. ivnisis meore naxevarSi naleqianobis maCvenebeli 1 -is toli iyo.
5
imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdeni naleqiani dRe iyo ivnisSi sul:
amocanebi
76. naxazze mocemuli marTkuTxa paralelepipedi,

romlis udidesi wibos sigrZea 8 sm, Sedgenilia
toli kubebisgan. ris tolia am paralelepipedis
moculoba?
(a) 48 sm3
(b) 64 sm3
(g) 80 sm3
(d) 96 sm3
(e) 128 sm3
77. durgali SekveTis Sesasruleblad kviris garda yoveldRe muSaobs. igi

dReSi 7 skams amzadebs da SekveTaze muSaobas momdevno kviris samSabaTs, saRamos
daasrulebs. mas rom dReSi 4 skami daemzadebina, maSin SekveTas 3 dRiT gvian
Seasrulebda. kviris romel dRes dauwyia muSaoba durgals?
(a) samSabaTs
(b) oTxSabaTs
(g) xuTSabaTs
(d) paraskevs
(e) SabaTs
231
78. marTkuTxedis erT gverdze moniSnulia 3 wertili,
mis mopirdapire gverdzec _ 3 wertili. sul ramdenia
iseTi oTxkuTxedi, romelTa oTxive wvero moniSnul
wertilebs emTxveva?
(a) 3
(b) 6
(g) 9
(d) 12
(e) 15
79. nayinis gayidviT miRebuli Semosavali agvistoSi ivlisTan SedarebiT 40%-iT

gaizarda, seqtemberSi ki agvistosTan SedarebiT 30%-iT Semcirda. nayinis
gayidviT miRebuli Semosavali seqtemberSi ivlisTan SedarebiT:
(a) Semcirda 2%-iT
(b) Semcirda 4%-iT
(g) Semcirda 10%-iT
(d) gaizarda 6%-iT
(e) gaizarda 10%-iT
80. yuTSi wiTeli, Savi da TeTri burTulebi awyvia, sul _ 50 cali. wiTeli
burTulebi burTulebis saerTo raodenobis 3 -ze naklebs Seadgens. darCenili
5
burTulebis 2 nawili Savia. minimum ramdeni TeTri burTula SeiZleba iyos
3
yuTSi?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(g) 6
(d) 7
(e) 8
232
pasuxebis moniSvnis instruqcia
pasuxis moniSvnisas:
• pasuxebis furcelze moZebneT davalebis Sesabamisi nomeri;
• nomris qveS ipoveT ujra, romelic Tqven mier arCeul pasuxs Seesabameba;
• dasviT X niSani am ujraSi.
magaliTad, Tu me-6 davalebis

pasuxad airCieT pasuxis (b) varianti, maSin
pasuxebis furcelze unda moZebnoT me-6
davalebis sveti da am svetSi, pasuxis (b)
variantis Sesabamis ujraSi, dasvaT X niSani
(ix. nimuSi).
gaiTvaliswineT:
• pasuxis moniSvnisas gamoiyeneT mxolod is kalami, romelic gadmogecemaT

gamocdebis erovnuli centris mier;
• pasuxis moniSvnisas davalebis nomeri unda emTxveodes im svetis nomers,
romelSic svamT X niSans;
• Tqven mier arCeuli pasuxis sworad moniSvnis erTaderTi gza saTanado ujraSi X
niSnis dasmaa. arc erTi sxva aRniSvna _ horizontaluri Tu vertikaluri
xazebi, Semoxazva da a.S. eleqtronuli programis mier ar aRiqmeba;
• dasaSvebia, rom X niSani gadascdes TeTr ujras (ix. nimuSi), magram igi ar unda
iyos Zalze mcire zomis;
• TiToeuli davalebis Sesabamis svetSi unda moniSnoT mxolod erTi pasuxi, anu
mxolod erT ujraSi dasvaT X niSani. Tu svetSi erTze met X niSans dasvamT, am
davalebis arc erTi pasuxi ar CaiTvleba sworad;
• Tu gsurT pasuxebis furcelze moniSnuli pasuxis gadasworeba, mTlianad
gaaferadeT ujra, romelSic dasviT X niSani, da Semdeg moniSneT pasuxis axali
varianti (dasviT X niSani axal ujraSi). eleqtronuli programa arCeul pasuxad
mxolod X niSnian ujras aRiqvams (ix. nimuSi). amitom SeuZlebelia xelmeored
airCioT is pasuxi, romelic gadaasworeT (anu is pasuxi, romlis Sesabamisi ujra
ukve mTlianad gaaferadeT).
• pasuxebis furceli im saxiT Semowmdeba, ra saxiTac gadascemT kurators. Tu
Secdomas dauSvebT, pasuxebs araswor adgilas moniSnavT da a. S., gamocdis
dasrulebis Semdeg aRar geqnebaT SesaZlebloba, gamoasworoT es Secdoma. amitom
Zalze yuradRebiT imuSaveT pasuxebis furcelze;
• pasuxebis aRniSvnisTvis araa gamoyofili damatebiTi dro. ase rom, droulad
moniSneT arCeuli pasuxi Sesabamis ujraSi.
testirebis dasrulebisas, kuratoris TandaswrebiT unda daiTvaloT gadasworebul

pasuxTa raodenoba da aRniSnoT uwyisis Sesabamis grafaSi (TiToeuli srulad
gaferadebuli ujra erT gadasworebad iTvleba).
imisaTvis, rom daafiqsiroT Tqveni xelwera, pasuxebis furcelze sagangebod

gamoyofilia adgili, sadac muSaobis dawyebamde unda daweroT standartuli fraza:
gavecani pasuxebis moniSvnis instruqcias da mzad var, daviwyo muSaoba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar gadawerT aRniSnul frazas, mis nacvlad dawerT sxva frazas,
moawerT xels da a. S., Tqveni naSromi ar Semowmdeba.
gisurvebT warmatebas!
234
2012 wlis sagamocdo testis pasuxebi
N I II III IV N I II III IV
1 g d a a 41 b g a b
2 a b g d 42 a b b a
3 g b g a 43 d b g g
4 d g b b 44 b d g a
5 b a a a 45 g d g d
6 d d g g 46 g g a b
7 g a a g 47 a e b g
8 b d g b 48 e g g a
9 a d b a 49 d b d e
10 a g d d 50 d d g b
11 b b a d 51 g a e d
12 g g b g 52 d e b d
13 d a d g 53 g g a g
14 b b d b 54 d b b g
15 b g b g 55 e b e b
16 a d g d 56 b e e b
17 b d b g 57 a e d d
18 d a g g 58 b a d e
19 g a b b 59 e d a b
20 a g d d 60 a g d e
21 b g a b 61 b a b g
22 g d b a 62 g b g a
23 a a b g 63 a a d g
24 g g a b 64 d g a b
25 a g g a 65 a a d d
26 d b d d 66 b a g b
27 g a d b 67 g d g e
28 b b g g 68 e d a d
29 b g a a 69 a b e a
30 g a d g 70 e b b g
31 d g d g 71 b a e a
32 d d a a 72 d g a e
33 b b b b 73 b e d g
34 d d d d 74 e d g a
35 d b d d 75 g a e d
36 a a b b 76 e g d e
37 a b g a 77 g e b d
38 g d a b 78 d d b g
39 g a g d 79 a g d a
40 d b a g 80 b b a d
235
damoukidebeli samuSaosTvis gankuTvnil davalebaTa pasuxebi
verbaluri nawili
analogiebi winadadebis logika wakiTxuli

Sevseba teqstis gaazreba
1. (d) 8. (a) 1. (d) 1. (b) 1. (d)
2. (g) 9. (g) 2. (a) 2. (g) 2. (b)
3. (b) 10. (d) 3. (g) 3. (g) 3. (g)
4. (g) 11. (d) 4. (a) 4. (d) 4. (b)
5. (d) 12. (b) 5. (b) 5. (d) 5. (a)
6. (a) 13. (b) 6. (b) 6. (a) 6. (b)
7. (g) 14. (a) 7. (a) 7. (g) 7. (a)
maTematikuri nawili
raodenobrivi Sedareba amocanebi monacemTa sakmarisoba
1. (g) 9. (d) 1. (g) 13. (b) 1. (d)
2. (a) 10. (d) 2. (g) 14. (b) 2. (g)
3. (b) 11. (g) 3. (e) 15. (b)
4. (a) 12. (g) 4. (e) 16. (a)
5. (b) 13. (d) 5. (e) 17. (b)
6. (g) 14. (g) 6. (b) 18. (e)
7. (g) 15. (a) 7. (a) 19. (b)
8. (b) 8. (a) 20. (g)
9. (g) 21. (d)
10. (b) 22. (b)
11. (a) 23. (e)
12. (e)
236

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damxmare masalaTa krebuli

2005 wlidan saqarTvelos umaRles saswavleblebSi abiturientTa

ras niSnavs zogadi unarebi

termini zogadi unarebi gulisxmobs informaciis adekvaturad damuSavebis,

ra aris zogadi unarebis testi da ras amowmebs is

zogadi unarebis testi mecnieruli sizustiT adgens da afasebs sxvadasxva

zogadi unarebis tests qmnis specialistTa jgufi, romelSic muSaoben

mecnieruli kvlevis Sedegad dadgenilia zogadi unarebis gamovlenis

testis verbaluri nawilis meSveobiT mowmdeba akademiuri codnis SesaZenad

winadadebis Sevseba (8 _ 9 davaleba)

wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba (ori teqsti da maTTan dakavSirebuli 12 _ 14

teqstis wakiTxvisa da gaazrebis Semdeg abiturientma pasuxi unda gasces:

maTematikuri nawilis meSveobiT mowmdeba raodenobrivi xasiaTis

am nawilSi Semdegi tipis davalebebia:

• raodenobrivi Sedareba (10 _ 11 davaleba)

abiturients unda SeeZlos:

xSirad moswavleebi saSualo skolaSi swavlis dros sxvadasxva mizezis

testirebisTvis momzadebis ZiriTadi etapebi Tqven ukve gavlili gaqvT

gTavazobT ramdenime rekomendacias:

• yuradRebiT waikiTxeT krebuli

• gaecaniT davalebaTa instruqciebs

• gaecaniT davalebaTa nimuSebs da maTi Sesrulebis principebs

• damoukideblad SeasruleT davalebebi

yovelive es saSualebas mogcemT, srulad gamoavlinoT Tqveni

3. gzis abneva : kompasi

6. puris yana : jejili

10. lambaqi : langari

1. mTa : simaRle hava :

sityvaTa sawyis wyvilSi _ mTa : simaRle _ obieqtisa da misi ZiriTadi

3. cvlileba : stabiluri monotonuroba :

4. erTdrouli : sinqronuloba mikerZoebuli :

1. jadosnuri joxi : natvrisTvali

6. saRebavebs azavebs : naxati

7. Tvali mohkra : daaTvaliera

9. gasdevs : gaswvriv mimofantavs :

10. miamiti : undobloba ulmobeli :

11. gaicno : dauaxlovda Sebindda :

12. TeTri daTvi : pingvini kenWi :

13. alersiani : pirferi kritikuli :

14. sityva : termini teritoria :

am blokis davalebaTa meSveobiT mowmdeba Tqveni unari, CawvdeT sityvebisa

testSi winadadebis Sevsebis blokis davalebebs axlavs amgvari instruqcia:

1. ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

(a) uaryofiTi ganwyobis Seqmna / misTvis gadaxdili gasamrjelos gaormagebiT /

(a) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

(b) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

(g) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

(d) ucnauria, magram kognituri disonansis Teoriis Tanaxmad, fsiqologiuri

(a) xelovnurobisadmi erTgvari swrafva / cudia is / gulisxmobda / normebis

ganvixiloT pasuxis TiToeuli varianti:

(a) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs xelovnurobisadmi

(b) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs yovelgvari xelovnurobis

(g) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs xelovnurobisadmi

(d) Seqspiris sonetebis mTel cikls laitmotivad gasdevs yovelgvari xelovnurobis

3. subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

pasuxis TiToeuli variantis ganxilvamde aRvniSnoT, rom aq sami winadadebaa

(a) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

(g) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

(d) subieqti da obieqti, arsebiTad, urTierTdakavSirebuli cnebebia: pirveli

(a) maSasadame / unda davarqvaT yovel / ar Seicavs sxva, imaze martiv /

davalebis pirvel winadadebaSi mocemulia erTgvari ganmarteba sityvisa

1. modilianis ferweraSi ___ SexvdebiT _ saxis gamometyvelebas. ___ am

7. Teofrastes azriT, gancxromis survilTan wilnayari Secodeba,