LINEAR

TRANSFORMATIONS

Prepared by: Ms. Danica Kaye P. Hallarte

LESSON
OBJECTIVES:
Find the image and pre-image of a function.

Show that a function is a linear

transformation.
 The standard function terminology is used for such
functions. V is called the domain of T and W is called the
codomain of T. If v is in V and w is in W such that

Then w is called the image of v under T. The set of all

images of vectors in V is called the range of T, and the
set of all v in V such that is called the preimage of w .
Example 1 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 𝟐
Find the image of .

𝑻 ( − 𝟏 ,𝟐 )=( − 𝟏 − 𝟐 ,− 𝟏+ 𝟐 ( 𝟐 ))
𝑻 ( − 𝟏 , 𝟐 )=( − 𝟑 , 𝟑 )
 Example 2 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 𝟐
Find the image of .

𝑻 ( 𝟑 , − 𝟖 )=( 𝟑 −(− 𝟖) ,𝟑+𝟐 ( − 𝟖 ) )

𝑻 ( 𝟑 , − 𝟖 ) = ( 𝟏𝟏 , − 𝟏𝟑 )
 Example 3 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 𝟐
Find the image of .

𝑻 ( 𝟔 , 𝟏𝟎 )=( 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟎 , 𝟔+ ( 𝟐 ) ( 𝟏𝟎 ) )
𝑻 ( 𝟔 , 𝟏𝟎 ) = ( − 𝟒 , 𝟐𝟔 )
Example 4 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 Find the pre-image of .

𝑻 ( 𝒘 ) = ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )
𝑻 ( − 𝟏 ,𝟏𝟏 )= ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )

𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐=− 𝟏 𝒗 𝟏+𝟐 𝒗 𝟐=𝟏𝟏

𝒗 𝟏 =𝟑 𝒗 𝟐 =𝟑
Example 5 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 Find the pre-image of .

𝑻 ( 𝒘 ) = ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )
𝑻 ( 𝟗 , − 𝟒 )= ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )

𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐=𝟗 𝒗 𝟏+𝟐 𝒗 𝟐=−𝟒

𝟏𝟒 𝟏𝟑
𝒗 𝟏= 𝒗 =−
𝟑 𝟐
𝟑
Example 6 𝑇 ( 𝑣 1 , 𝑣 2 )= ( 𝑣1 − 𝑣 2 , 𝑣 1+2 𝑣 2 )
𝟐 𝟐
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 Find the pre-image of .

𝑻 ( 𝒘 ) = ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )
𝑻 ( 𝟑 , − 𝟕 ) = ( 𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐 , 𝒗 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒗 𝟐 )

𝒗 𝟏 − 𝒗 𝟐=𝟑 𝒗 𝟏+𝟐 𝒗 𝟐=−𝟕

−𝟏 𝟏𝟎
𝒗 𝟏= 𝒗 =−
𝟑 𝟐
𝟑
 LINEAR
TRANSFORMATION
Let V and W be vector spaces. The function is called a linear
transformation of V into W if the following properties are true for all u
and v in V and for any scalar c.

𝟏 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 ) =𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )
𝟐 .𝑻 ( 𝒄𝒖 )=𝒄𝑻 ( 𝒖 )
 Example 1 Show that the function is a linear transformation.
𝑻 : 𝑹 → 𝑹 𝑇 ( 𝑥 , 𝑦 ) = ( 𝑥 − 𝑦 , 𝑥 +2 𝑦 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[ 𝒙− 𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 [ ] 𝒗=
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 [ ]
 Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 [ ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝑻 ( 𝒖 +𝒗 ) =𝑻
([ ] [ ]) ([
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐
+
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐
¿𝑻
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒃𝟏
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ])
𝒙
𝒚
𝒙 𝒚
¿ ([ (𝒂 ¿ ¿𝟏+𝒃𝟏 )− ( 𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐 ) ¿ ])
 Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝑻 ( 𝒖 +𝒗 ) =𝑻
([ ] [ ]) ([
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐
+
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐
¿𝑻
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒃𝟏
𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 ])
𝒙
𝒚

¿¿
𝒙 𝟐𝒚
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

¿𝑻 ¿
¿
([ ])
𝒂𝟏 +𝒃𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝒃 𝟏+𝟐 𝒂𝟐 +𝟐 𝒃𝟐
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 [ ] 𝒗=
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 [ ]
𝑻
([ ])
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐
+𝑻
([ ])
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝑻
([ ])
𝒂𝟏 𝒙
𝒂𝟐 𝒚
+𝑻
([ 𝒚])
𝒃𝟏𝒙
𝒃𝟐

¿
[ 𝒂 𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟏 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒃 𝟐 ]
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
𝒙−𝒚
[
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

[ 𝒂𝟏 + 𝒃𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝒃 𝟏 +𝟐 𝒂𝟐 +𝟐 𝒃𝟐 ] [ ¿
𝒂 𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟏 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟏+𝟐 𝒃 𝟐 ]
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[ 𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒃 . 𝑻 ( 𝒄𝒖 ) =𝒄𝑻 (𝒖
𝒖=)
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 [ ]
𝑻
( [
𝒄
𝒂𝟏
¿𝑻
𝒂𝟐 ]) ([ 𝒄 𝒂𝟏
𝒄𝒂𝟐 ])
𝒙
𝒚

¿
[𝒄 𝒂 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝟐 ]
Example 1
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
[ 𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒃 . 𝑻 ( 𝒄𝒖 ) =𝒄𝑻 (𝒖
𝒖=)
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 [ ]
𝒄𝑻
([ 𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐
𝒙
𝒚 ]) [
¿𝒄
𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂 𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 ]
¿
[𝒄 𝒂 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝟐 ]
Example 1
[
𝑻 ( 𝒙 , 𝒚 )=
𝒙−𝒚
𝒙 +𝟐 𝒚 ]
𝒃 . 𝑻 ( 𝒄𝒖 ) =𝒄𝑻 ( 𝒖 )

[ ][
𝒄 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒄𝒂𝟐 ¿ 𝒄 𝒂 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒂𝟐
𝒄𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒄𝒂 𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝟐 ]
Therefore, T is a linear transformation.
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.

[ ]
𝟐 𝟑
𝑻:𝑹 →𝑹 𝒙 − 𝒚
𝑻
[ 𝒙
𝒚 ] = 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐 𝒙

𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )

𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 [ ] 𝒗=
𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 [ ]
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.

[ ]
𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )
𝑻
[ ]
𝒙
𝒚
= 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐𝒙 𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
𝒗=
𝒂𝟐 [ ] [𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 ]
𝒙
𝒚
¿¿
[ ]
𝒂𝟏 + 𝒃𝟏 − 𝒂 𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐
¿ 𝒂𝟏 +𝒃𝟏 +𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 𝒃𝟏
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.

[ ]
𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )
𝑻
[ ]
𝒙
𝒚
= 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐𝒙 𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
𝒗=
𝒂𝟐 [ ] [𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 ]

[ ][ ]
𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂 𝟐 𝒃𝟏 − 𝒃 𝟐
𝑻
([ ]) ([ ])
𝒂𝟏𝒙
𝒂𝟐𝒚
𝒃𝟏 𝒙
+𝑻 ¿ 𝒂 + 𝒂
𝒃𝟐 𝒚 𝟏
𝟐 𝒂𝟏
𝟐
+ 𝒃𝟏 +
𝟐 𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐

[ ]
𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 − 𝒃𝟐
¿ 𝒂𝟏 +𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 𝒃𝟏
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.

[ ]
𝒙 − 𝒚 𝒂 .𝑻 ( 𝒖+ 𝒗 )= 𝑻 ( 𝒖 ) +𝑻 ( 𝒗 )
𝑻
[ ]
𝒙
𝒚
= 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐𝒙 𝒖=
𝒂𝟏
[
𝒗=
𝒂𝟐 ] [ 𝒃𝟏
𝒃𝟐 ]

[ ][ ]
𝒂𝟏 +𝒃 𝟏 − 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃 𝟐 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 − 𝒃𝟐
𝒂𝟏 +𝒃 𝟏 + 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃 𝟐 ¿ 𝒂𝟏 +𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟏 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐 𝒂𝟏 +𝟐 𝒃𝟏 𝟐 𝒂𝟏 + 𝟐 𝒃𝟏
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.
𝒃 . 𝑻 ( 𝒄𝒖 ) =𝒄𝑻 ( 𝒖 )

[ ]
𝒙−𝒚
𝑻
[ ] 𝒙
𝒚
= 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐𝒙 𝒖=
[ 𝒂𝟏
𝒂𝟐 ]

[ ]
𝒄 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒄 𝒂𝟐
𝒄 𝒂𝒙
𝑻
( [
𝒄
𝒂𝟏
𝑻 =¿
𝒂𝟐
𝟏
𝒄 𝒂𝒚
𝟐
] )([
¿ 𝒄 𝒂 𝟏+ 𝒄 𝒂 𝟐
𝟐 𝒄 𝒂𝟏
])

[ [ ] ]
𝒂𝟏 − 𝒄
𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟏 − 𝒄 𝒂𝟐
𝒄
( 𝑻
[ 𝒂𝟏
𝒄
𝒂𝟐 ]) 𝒂
=¿ +𝒂
𝟏¿ 𝒄𝒂
𝟐 𝟏 + 𝒄𝒂𝟐
𝟐 𝒂 𝟏 𝟐 𝒄𝒂𝟏
Example 2 Show that the function is a linear transformation.

[ ]
𝒙−𝒚
𝑻
[ ]
𝒙
𝒚
= 𝒙+ 𝒚
𝟐𝒙

Therefore, T is a linear transformation.

 “Success is the sum of small
efforts, repeated day in and day
out.”
– Robert Collier