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Limitele functiilor elementare

Tabloul limitelor functiilor elementare f: X Y, x 0 R , x 0 punct de acumulare al lui X.

Functia

lim f(x)
Functia constanta
f(x) = c
Functia identica pe R :
f(x) = x.
Functia polinomiala:
n

f(x) = a n x +a n1 x
ai

n1

lim f(x)

Limite
lim f(x), x 0 finit
x x0

x0

daca a n >0

- daca a n >0, n impar

f(x 0 )

- daca a n <0

daca a n > 0, n par

+ + a1 x + a 0 ,

R, i = 0, 1, 2, 3, , n, a n 0

daca a n < 0, n impar

- daca a n < 0, n par

Functia exponentiala
R

f(x) = a , a > 0, a 1

(0, )

daca a > 1
0 daca a (0, 1)

0 daca a > 1
daca a (0, 1)

x0

Functia radical
a) f(x) =
b)f(x)=

2k

x , 1

2 k 1

k, k N

x , 1

k, k N

a) [0, )

a) R

a)

a) nu are sens

b) R

b) R

b)

b) -

b) 2 k 1 x 0

daca a > 1
- daca a (0,1)

nu are sens

a) x 0

Functia logaritmica
f(x) = log a x, a > 0, a 1

(0, )

a)

2k

x0

lim log a x = log a x 0

x x0

b) x 0 = 0 lim log a x = - daca a > 1

x 0
x0

lim log a x = daca a (0,1)

x 0
x0

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Functia

lim f(x)

lim f(x)

Functia sinus
f(x) = sin x
Functia cosinus
f(x) = cos x
Functia tangenta
f(x) = tg x

Limite
lim f(x), x 0 finit
x x0

[-1, 1]

nu exista

nu exista

sin x 0

[-1, 1]

nu exista

nu exista

cos x 0

nu exista

nu exista

R- k
2

a) x 0

k Z
b) x 0 =

Functia cotangenta
f(x) = ctg x

R- k
k Z

nu exista

nu exista

a) x 0

k lim tg x = tg x 0
2
x x0

k
2

lim

x k
2

x k
2

tg x = ,

lim ctg x = ctg x 0

x k
x k

[-1, 1]

2 , 2

nu are sens

nu are sens

a) x 0 (-1, 1)
b) x 0 = -1

lim arcsin x = arcsin x 0 ;

lim arcsin x = x 1
x 1

x 1
x 1

[-1, 1]

[0, ]

nu are sens

nu are sens

a) x 0 (-1, 1)
b) x 0 = -1

lim arccos x = arccos x 0 ;

x x0

lim arccos x = ;
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1

Functia arccotangenta
f(x) = arcctg x

,
2 2

0,

lim arctg x = arctg x 0

x x0

lim arcctg x = arcctg x 0

x x0

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;
2

;
2

c) x 0 = 1 lim arccos x = 0
Functia arctangenta
f(x) = arctg x

lim ctg x =
x k
x k

x x0

c) x 0 = 1 lim arcsin x =
Functia arccosinus
f(x) = arccos x

tg x = -

x x0

b) x 0 = k lim ctg x = - ,
Functia arcsinus
f(x) = arcsin x

lim

x k
2

x k
2

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