Catalogo Cipriani

1.
Product Range
Product Range 1.1
plate range
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
041 080 100 125 125 plus 250 300 450 650 plus
Exchange area, m2 0.041 0.080 0.100 0.125 0.125 0.250 0.300 0.450 0.650
Width, mm 140 145 189 241 241 303 421 420 631
Height, mm 456 740 642 723 723 987 875 1320 1335
Connections diameter 11/4 DN 32 11/4 DN 32 11/2 DN 40 21/2 DN 65 21/2 DN 65 3 DN 80 4 DN 100 4 DN 100 8 DN 200
Channel capacity, l 0.09 0.19 0.20 0.28 0.27 0.75 0.97 1.3 1.8
Steel thickness, mm 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Plate thickness, mm 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.45 3.35 3.5 3 3 3.4
Plate weight (with gasket), Kg 0.33 0.54 0.59 0.84 0.84 1.5 1.61 2.55 4.45
Test pressure, bar 21 21 21 21 25 21 12 12 21
Max. working pressure, bar 16 16 16 16 20 16 8 8 16
Thermal length A A A+B A+B A+B A A+B A+B A+B
Max. water flowrate, m3/h 14 14 25 65 65 100 200 200 400

Product Range 1.1
Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Available materials Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
www.cipriani.it
for each model
Plate material Gasket approximate heat resistance 16
041 080 100 125 125 250 300 450 650 values 15
PLUS PLUS
14
13
Inox AISI/304
This chart shows the approximate heat resistance
Inox AISI/316L 12
values of our gaskets when water, or water steam
254 SMO
up to 3 bar ate, is used as working fluid. 11
TITANIUM
pressure, bar
10
7
Gasket material
041 080 100 125 125 250 300 450 650
EPDM prx 6
PLUS PLUS
VITON 5
NBR EPDM 4
EPDM 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200

NBR
EPDM Prx. water temperature, C
Viton
Frame Material
041 080 100 125 125 250 300 450 650
PLUS PLUS
Carbon steel
AISI 304, solid
AISI 304, covered
Connection material Approximate gasket life 180
041 080 100 125 125 250 300 450 650 170
PLUS PLUS
Gaskets can be chosen according to their expected 160
Galvanized
life, depending on the working temperature of the 150
AISI 304 heat exchanger. The gasket life, however, can only
140
Moplen be assumed, since in the reality it depends on various water temperature, C
Flanges, PN 16 factors like : occasional temperature peaks, fluid type 130
Welded and quality, frequency of disassembly, impurity-caused 120
Rubber liner abrasions, etc. The compatibility of the gasket with 110
the working fluid must be checked after having 100

selected the most appropriate gasket according to
90
this diagram.
80
Gaskets maximum temperatures
70
NBR -40 C 110 C

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EPDM -40 C 120 C
years in work
EPDM Prx. -40 C 150 C
Viton -20 C 200 C
Product Range 1.2
Connections design and frames size
Carbon steel, female Galvanized and stainless Moplen and stainless steel,
threaded connections; they steel, male threaded male threaded connections;
are directly welded onto the connections; provided with provided with a cavity drilled
head frame. a spacing aluminium plate on the inner face of the
to even up the connections head frame to even up the
flanges with the inner face connections flanges with it.
of the head frame.
Models: 250 Model: 250

Optional: Models: 041 - 080 - 100 For moplen only: 041
041 - 080 - 100 - 125 125 080 - 100 - 125
Carbon steel connections Connections to be flanged

with on-pipe-welded flanges PN 16; with rubber liner of
PN16 ; when flanges are the same material of the
too close, different length gaskets on the plates.
of pipes are foreseen.
Models:
041 - 080 - 100 - 125
250 Models: 300 - 450 - 650
FRAMES PI 041 PI 080 PG 100 PG 125 PG 250 PG 300 PG 450 PG 650
A 470 760 720 820 1080 1060 1506 1600
B 200 200 250 310 400 530 530 810
E 380 665 555 603 843 705 1150 1055
F 68 68 100 123 162 250 250 391
D 45 48 103 128 138 180 178 268
LT 165, 220, 320 165, 220, 320 510, 715 510, 920 716, 1026, a.m. 818, 1123, a.m. 818, 1123, a.m. 1,170, 1680, a.m.
3.45 x np + 2
L 2.9 x np + 2 2.9 x np + 2 3.1 x np + 2 3.45
3.35 x np x+ np + PLUS
2 for 2 3.5 x np 3 x np 3 x np 3.4 x np
Connections
11/4 DN 32 11/4 DN 32 11/2 DN 40 21/2 DN 65 3 DN 80 4 DN 100 4 DN 100 8 DN 200
diameter
Np = number of plates
All dimensions are in mm
a.m. = cut to measure
LT
L B
LT
L B
E A
E A
D
D
1.2

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Materials depending on usage
This chart shows the compatibility of some
ed
ns
lang
fluids with the materials used to manufature
ns
ectio
ns
RX
ctio
tion
be f
our PHEs
ectio
onn
16 L
MP
nne
nec
to
04
M
m
4 sm
onn
ed c
iton
ner,
EPD
EPD
SI 3
SI 3
4 co
con
aniu
nitril
ed c
ket V
aniz
er li
e 25
e AI
e AI
I 30
len
ged
e tit
ket
ket
ket
weld
rubb
mop
galv
plat
plat
plat
plat
gas
gas
gas
gas
AIS
flan
Water
Water + glycol
Demineralized water
Spa water
Sea water
Swimmingpool water
Mineral water
Steam < 4 bar ate
Steam < 9 bar ate
Hydraulic oil (mineral)

Diathermic oil
Tempering oil
Mineral oil
Synthetic oil
Olive oil
Corn oil
Gasoil
Kerosene
Oil
Gasoline
Naphtha
Sulphuric acid 20% (in water), 70 C

Hydrochloric acid 10% (in water), 30 C
Acetic acid, 70 C
Chromic acid 40%, 50 C
Acetone
Ethylic alcohol
Ethanol
Methanol
Propylene
Ethylene
Glycol
Dietileneglycol
Ethylenglycol
Milk
Wine
Fruit juice
Beer
Whisky
Wine vinegar
Spirit
2.Technical specifications
Technical specifications 2.0
plate 020 plus
Technical data
Exchange area, m2 0,021
Width, mm 145
Height, mm 305
Connections diameter DN 32 1"1/4
Channel capacity, l. 0,06
Steel thickness, mm 0,6
230 mm
Plate thickness, mm 3,0
Plate weight (with gasket), Kg 0,20
Test pressure, bar 16 - 26 - 32 - 40
Max. working pressure, bar 10 - 16 - 20 - 25
Thermal length A
3
Max. water flowrate, m /h 14
Tightening measure, mm 3,0 x np + 2
68 mm
np = number of plates
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM

EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L

254 SMO

Titanium

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

connections threaded connections connections
connections
88 88 78 130
63 63 78 60
all data and drawings herewith described can be changed without prior notice and are not binding for the manufacturer
020 plus 2.0

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Follower Frame
Top Guiding Bar
Connection
Plate Pack
Head Frame
Tightening Bar
Aluminum Plate
Bottom Guiding Bar
Feet (Optional)
5 17 215
7 23 215
9 29 215
11 35 215
D 13 41 215
88 15 47 215
17 53 215
63 d 200 19 59 215
21 65 215
23 71 215
25 77 215
27 83 215
1"1/4
29 89 215
DN32 31 95 315
33 101 315
35 107 315
230
320
154 37 113 315

39 119 315
68 41 125 315
43 131 315
45 137 315
47 143 315
45
49 149 315
all dimensions are in mm

plate 040 plus
Technical data
Width, mm 145
Height, mm 457
380 mm
Thermal length A
3
68 mm
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM

EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L

254 SMO

Titanium


connections
88 88 78 130
63 63 78 60
040 plus 2.1

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Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Connection
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Tightening bar
Aluminium plate
Bottom guiding bar
Feet (optional)
D
88
5 17 215
63 d 7 23 215
200 9 29 215
11 35 215
13 41 215
15 47 215
17 53 215
19 59 215
1"1/4
DN32 21 65 215
23 71 215
25 77 215
27 83 215
29 89 215
31 95 315
380
154
470
33 101 315
35 107 315
37 113 315
39 119 315
68 41 125 315
43 131 315
45 137 315
47 143 315
45
49 149 315

plate 080 plus
Technical data
Width, mm 145
Height, mm 740
Thermal length A
665 mm
Max. water flowrate, m3/h 14
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM

EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L
68 mm
254 SMO

Titanium


connections
88 88 78 130
63 63 78 60
080 plus 2.2

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
www.cipriani.it
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Connection
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Tightening bar
Aluminium plate
Bottom guiding bar
Feet (optional)
D 200
88
63 d
N.P. d D N.P. d D
1"1/4
5 17 215 41 125 315
DN32
7 23 215 43 131 315
9 29 215 45 137 315
11 35 215 47 143 315
13 41 215 49 149 315
15 47 215 51 151 515
17 53 215 53 157 515
19 59 215 55 163 515
760
665
21 65 215 57 169 515

23 71 215 59 175 515
25 77 215 61 181 515
27 83 215 63 189 515
29 89 215 65 195 515
31 95 315 67 201 515
33 101 315 69 207 515
35 107 315 71 213 515
68 37 113 315 73 219 515
39 119 315 75 225 515
48

plate 100
Technical data
Width, mm 189
Height, mm 642
Connections diameter 1"1/2 DN 40
555 mm
Test pressure, bar 21
Max. working pressure, bar 16
Thermal length A+B
3
Available gaskets
NBR
EPDM

100 mm
EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L

254 SMO

Titanium


connections
98 98 78 130
68 68 78 60
100 2.3
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Column
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Connection
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Tightening bar
Aluminium plate
Bottom guiding bar

Feet (optional)

plate 125 plus
Technical data
Width, mm 241
Height, mm 723
Connections diameter 2"1/2 DN 65
603 mm
Thermal length A+B
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM
123 mm
EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L
254 SMO

Titanium

connections
118 118 98 200
88 88 98 100
125 plus 2.5

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Column
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Connection
Head Frame Plate Pack
Tightening bar
Bottom guiding bar Aluminium plate
Feet (optional)

plate 250
Technical data:
Width, mm 303
Height, mm 987
Connections diameter 3" DN 80
843 mm
Thermal length A
Tightening measure, mm 3,5 x np
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM

EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 316L
162 mm
254 SMO

Titanium

Stainless steel Moplen threaded Welded Flanged

threaded connections connections connections
connections
250 2.6

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
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Column
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Connection
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Tightening bar
Bottom guiding bar
Feet (optional)

plate 300
Technical data
Width, mm 421
Height, mm 875
705 mm
Plate thickness, mm 3
Thermal length A+B
250 mm
Tightening measure, mm 3 x np
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM

EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 304
AISI 316L
254 SMO
Titanium
Rubber liner, to be flanged
300 2.7

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
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Column
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Feet Tightening bar
Bottom guiding bar

plate 450
Technical data
Width, mm 420
Height, mm 1320
Plate thickness, mm 3
1150 mm
Thermal length A+B
Tightening measure, mm 3 x np
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM
250 mm
EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 304

AISI 316L

254 SMO

Titanium

450 2.8

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
www.cipriani.it
Column
Follower Frame
Top guiding bar
Head Frame
Plate Pack
Feet Tightening bar
Bottom guiding bar

plate 650 plus
Technical data
Width, mm 631
Height, mm 1335
1055 mm
Thermal length A+B
3
Tightening measure, mm 3,4 x np
Available gaskets
NBR

EPDM
391 mm
EPDM prx

Viton

Available steel
AISI 304

AISI 316L
254 SMO

Titanium
650 plus 2.9

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
www.cipriani.it
Follower frame
Top guiding bar
Column
Head frame
Plate pack
Feet
Tightening bar
Bottom guiding bar

3. Civil Applications
Civil Applications 1 3.1.1
Production of hot domestic or

process water
Several questions are spontaneous when we think of hot domestic water production:
1) How many bathrooms are there?
2) How are they used?
3) How many people use them?
4) What is the maximum index for simultaneous use and for how long?
5) What is the capacity of the boiler that is available?
6) What down times are there?
Not one of these questions is a priori the key question. However if we consider a specific plant then one of these
questions will become the key question and the reply to this question will point to the path to take to select the
right type of plant. The answers to the other questions will be helpful when we calculate the size of the plant. It
is practically impossible to indicate criteria for determining out the key question. The only way to explain this process
is through examples.
Example 1 we have to provide hot domestic water for the showers of a football field
If we try to design this plant starting from the index of simultaneous use, which at certain moments is 100%,
and from the number of showers, we will undoubtedly design a mistaken system, with an enormously oversized
boiler.
In this case the key question is clearly what down times are there?, since one factor prevails over all the others:
a football game lasts 105 minutes (including half time) and this is all undoubtedly down time.
The right way to face the problem is the following:

I have at least 105 minutes of time to accumulate hot water. Then I will have total water consumption of X litres
for Y minutes.
After a football game we have 22 players, 8 reserves, 1 referee and two linesmen who need to take a shower,
for a total of 33 showers.
If we estimate that a shower lasts 8 minutes and the water flow rate is 9 I/min. we have 9x8x33 = 2,376 litres
of water consumed at 40C. If we have 12 shower stalls we will have 3 shifts so that water will be consumed
for 24 minutes. We can overlook down time between one shower and the next even if this will generate a slight
amount of oversizing.
It will be opportune, in our example, to use a boiler just below the nominal 30.000 Kcal/h limit, delivering about
27.000 Kcal/h, because installation regulations and standards are greatly simplified. If we use a plate heat
exchanger that can exchange all 27.000 Kcal/h we will have 27.000 : 30 (10-40 temperature differential of the
water) = 900 I/h.
During the 24 minute period the showers are in use the heat exchanger will be able to produce 900/60x24 =
360 litres of water at 40C.
This means we must already have accumulated 2.376-360=2.016 litres.
However water is stored not at 40C but rather at 60C. Since it is then mixed with tap water at 10C each litre
at 60C will produce 1.67 litres at 40C. Calculating as follows:
60C 1l + 10C xl.

= 40C
1+xl.
60 + 10x = 40 + 40x
60 - 40 = (40 - 10)x
20
20 = 30x x = = 2/3
30
we have x = 2/3 and therefore we have to add 2/3 of a litre of water at 10C for every litre of water at 60C.
Consequently 3/3 + 2/3 = 1.67, and 2!016 litres of water at 40C corresponds to about 1.207 litres at 60C.
We therefore need to store 1.200 litres.
3.1.1

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We now have to make one check.
The minimum down time we have is 110 minutes (assuming, in the worst situation, that we have two consecutive
football games) plus a reasonable interval between the two games, say about 20 minutes.
For 1.200 litres of water to rise up to 50C we need 60.000 Kcal/h.
We have a 27.000 Kcal/h boiler that can supply 58.500 Kcal in 130 minutes.
This means that even in maximum limit conditions this plant will be able to perform its task.
Below we illustrate a schematic layout for a plant of this type, which we call a mixed plant (rapid + storage).
Layout 1
1) Boiler 9) Secondary circulator pump (suited 15) User

2) Main expansion tank for domestic water) 16) Programming clock
3) Storage expansion tank 10) Domestic water recirculation pump 17) Check valve
4) Main safety valve 11) Thermostat to regulate storage 18) Primary circulator
5) RM pressure switch tank temperature 19) Storage tank safety valve
6) Dual thermostat 12) Storage tank
7) Gate valve 13) Electronic domestic water mixer
8) Plate heat exchanger 14) Sensor
Calculating the plate heat exchanger size and important information.
It is known that the optimum operating condition for a plate heat exchanger is when it has equal flows in both
primary and secondary circuits.
The circulation pump on the primary circuit will have an approx. 2.700 I/h flow rate, calculating a 10C temperature
change.
Since standard market pumps with this flow rate generally have a maximum head of 3.5 mwc this means that
heat exchanger load loss must be 3.5 mwc minus the load loss in the boiler and the load losses in the pipelines
and accessories. The size of the circulation pump on the secondary circuit is calculated according to the following
considerations:
It is good practice to install the exchanger as near the storage tank as possible, since small domestic water pumps,
conceived basically as recirculation pumps, have low heads and low flow rates. In our situation we need a pump
for domestic water with a flow rate of 2.700 I/h and a head equal to the load losses of the heat exchanger plus
about 0.3 mwc.
To calculate the heat exchanger we need some figures that, at this point, are very easy to get.
We calculated a 10C temperature change on the primary circuit. Now lets calculate, for the purposes of the
example, that the primary circuit, excluding the exchanger, has a load loss of 1 mwc at a 2.700 I/h flow rate.
The heat exchangers job is easier when the storage tank is cold, and harder when it is hot. We must make our
calculations under the worst conditions. The domestic water pump will stop when the tank reaches 60C.
This means the worst condition for us will be when domestic water comes back into the heat exchanger at 59C.
Calculation data are the following :

Primary inlet 80C
Primary outlet 70C
3.1.2
Primary flow rate 2.700 I/h.

Maximum admissible pressure drop in the primary circuit: 2.5 mwc
Secondary inlet temperature 59C
Secondary outlet temperature 69C
Secondary flow rate 2.700 I/h.
Maximum admissible pressure drop in the secondary circuit: 2.5 mwc
The Cipriani calculation program tells us that the heat exchanger is a model S/041 with 13 plates. The exchanger
will work with equal flow rates on both primary and secondary.
Regulation is as simple as can be. The primary temperature is regulated by boiler thermostat 6. Primary circuit
pump 18 will always be in function because it must keep water circulating in the boiler. Secondary circuit pump
9 is controlled by immersion thermostat 11 inserted in storage tank 12. The temperature of the water going
to users is regulated by electronic domestic water mixer 13.
A question will come up right away to those who have already used plate exchangers: why not work with a higher
temperature differential? This would decrease the number of litres that pass through the heat exchanger, decreasing
the dimensions of the heat exchanger itself And in fact if we work with a 15 or 20C temperature change this
would lead to a decrease in the quantity of water flowing through the exchanger, and theoretically would permit
us to decrease the number of plates and have the same pressure drop. However we will encounter much bigger
difficulties of another nature. Lets take, for example, T 15C temperature change.
We will have:
Primary inlet temperature 80C
Primary outlet temperature 65C
In reality having to exit the primary at 65C and the secondary at 74C would force us to use a much larger heat
exchanger, in spite of load losses, which would be very low.
We can calculate this exchanger using the Cipriani program, inputting a 2.5 mwc pressure drop for both the
primary and the secondary.
The result is a model S/041 exchanger with 21 plates and 2-2 circuit.
With T 20C temperature change we have:

These temperatures require a heat exchanger that is practically impossible to make at reasonable costs.
Example 2
Now lets look at a totally opposite case.
Lets assume we have to continuously generate hot water at 50C at a rate of 60 I/min. for an industrial process.
Clearly there are no down times in this case and a storage tank has no purpose. If we calculate that water enters
at 15C we have a temperature jump of 50-15=35 Kcal which must be furnished to each litre of water.
3.1.2

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Since the flow rate is 60 I/min. we will have 35x60=2,100 Kcal/min., equal to 2,100 x 60 = 126,000 Kcal/h
that the boiler must supply to the water.
If we calculate 90% of the thermal efficiency we will have: 126.000 :0.9 = 140.000 Kcal/h, which is the required
boiler capacity.
Since the boiler only works with the heat exchanger the temperature difference we have on the exchanger will be
the same as that we have between the boilers outlet and inlet.
We are forced to work with a maximum 15C temperature difference on the primary if we use a cast-iron boiler,
and 20C if it is a steel boiler. In our example we consider a cast-iron boiler.

Primary flow rate 126.000 : 15 = 8.400 l/h
Secondary flow rate 126.000 : 35 = 3.600 l/h
If we calculate a 3.4 mwc pressure drop in the primary side of the heat exchanger we find we will have a model
S/041 with 29 plates. Here is a schematic layout of this type of system:
Layout 2
1) Boiler 6) Gate valve 11) User

2) Expansion tank 7) Primary circuit pump 12) Domestic water recirculation
3) Safety valve 8) Plate heat exchanger pump
4) RM pressure switch 9) Electronic domestic water mixer 13) Programming clock
5) Dual thermostat 10) Probe 14) Check valve
Production of hot domestic water with the same

boiler of the heating plant
As soon as we start thinking of installing two different users on a single heat generator the first problem is to
decide whether to place them in series or in parallel.
In the case of central heating and rapid production of domestic hot water priority goes to the latter.
There are many advantages to installing the users in series, including circuit simplicity and automatic gradual and
no-delay priority given by the nature of the circuit itself.
The parallel layout has only one advantage, but this can become a determining factor when using very hard water
(above 35 F): the temperature can be regulated on the primary circuit, keeping the heat exchanger at a lower
average temperature and consequently reducing the amount of lime deposits and scale. This causes a delay in
priorities, however, and the need for two pumps (one for the heat exchanger and one for the pipeline system) in
opposed positions. We suggest, when big water hardness problems recommend regulation on the primary circuit
in the heat exchanger, that you use a circuit like that illustrated in subsequent example 2 in place of the classic
parallel circuit.
Here we go deeper into the two cases, with two examples.
Example 1
Condominium with 10 apartments. Central heating and hot domestic water production with a plate heat exchanger
in series. Installed power 60.000 kcal/h. Temperature differential in the boiler 15C.
Layout 3
1) Boiler 9) Probe 17) Heating elements

2) Expansion tank 10) User 18) Temperature control units
3) Safety valve 11) Domestic recirculation pump 19) External probe
4) RM pressure switch 12) Programming clock 20) Minimum temperature
5) Dual thermostat 13) Check valve thermostat
6) Gate valve 14) Motorized 4-ways valve 21) Boiler return probe
7) Plate heat exchanger 15) Plant pump 22) Boiler circulator
8) Electronic domestic water mixer 16) Heating plant output probe
3.2.1

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In this case, since there is a limited quantity of installed power, we do not need to calculate possible simultaneous
maximum use since these calculations are only reliable and significant for a greater number of users. The thing
to do is to exchange all 60.000 Kcal/h.
Plant operation is extremely simple.
Water in the primary circuit passes through exchanger 7 before it reaches mixer valve 14 If the secondary
has no flow rate then the exchanger remains inert and all calories will be available for central heating.
If, for example, a user takes 10 I/min. of hot water at 45 C the exchanger will absorb (outlet temp. - inlet temp.)
x hourly flow rate: (45-15) x 10 x 60 = 18.000 Kcal/h.
The remaining 42.000 Kcal/h are still available for central heating.
This is exactly the real advantage offered by this type of system: priority is gradual without complicated regulation
systems.
This is what happens in practice: water, cooled 4.5C by the heat exchanger (60,000 Kcal/h:15C = 4,000 I/h
flow rate, 18.000 Kcal/h: 4,000 I + 4.5C temperature differential), will come to mixing valve 14.
Temperature control unit 18 using outlet probe 16, will take note of this drop in temperature and open the
valve more. In most cases it will succeed in compensating without penalizing central heating. Without a temperature
control unit there will be no compensation but in most cases users will still not note this.
This description clearly shows how its circuitry makes the system self-regulating and how it does not need special
priority regulation systems.
There is one precaution, however: the maximum absorption, both of the plant and the heat exchanger, is 60.000
Kcal/h. If, in a special case of high simultaneous use, we had total absorption superior to the capacity of the boiler,
the result would be a gradual decrease in the boilers temperature. This is why the plant requires thermostat 20
on the boiler return. This thermostat, if the return temperature drops down below a certain limit, gives the
command to totally close mixing valve 14. Another small complication arises if the system uses a room thermostat.
This can be solved by putting the two thermostats in series as illustrated below.
Layout 4
1) 4-way motorized mixing valve 7) Room cold (activates min. temp. A) Common engine
2) Minimum boiler return thermostat) B) Open radiator circuit
thermostat 8) Return hot C) Close radiator circuit
3) Room thermostat (opens radiator circuit)
4) Neutral 9) Return cold
5) Phase (closes radiator circuit to favour
6) Room warm (closes radiator domestic hot water)
circuit)
3.2.2
Another complication arises when we have a temperature control centre with external probe 19 and output
probe 16 In this last case, as we can see from layouts 3 and 5, all we have to do is have one of control centre
18s probes (generally the external probe) interrupted by minimum thermostat 20 so that the control centre,
misled about the external temperature value (or the output temperature), will completely close the mixer valve.
In any case it is always best use servomotors with work times that do not exceed 4 minutes.
The two circulation pumps (15-22) deserve separate attention.

When the mixing valve is open these function in series. When it is closed each works in its own circuit. As a
consequence they must have the same flow rate, calculated by dividing the boiler capacity by the temperature
difference.
As far as head is concerned the head at the outlet downstream from the mixing valve must overcome the pressure
drops in the radiator circuit + valve, and the head at the return must overcome pressure drops in the boiler circuit
+ heat exchanger + valve.
During the summer the mixer valve obviously remains closed and the heating plant output pump remains off.
Here are the heat exchanger calculation data for our example:

Primary flow rate 4000 lt/h
Primary pressure drop 3 mcw
Secondary flow rate 2000 lt/h
The Cipriani calculation program suggests using a S041 with 15 plates heat exchanger.
Real pressure drop on the secondary circuit will be 1 mcw
Example 2
Layout 5
3.2.2

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1) Boiler 10) Plate heat exchanger 17) 3-way motorized valve

2) Expansion tank 11) Domestic water temp. control 18) Temperature control centre
3) Safety valve probe 19) External probe
4) RM pressure switch 12) User 20) Minimum temperature
5) Dual thermostat 13) Domestic water recirculator thermostat
6) Gate valve 14) Programming clock 21) Radiators
7) Anti shock circulation pump 15) Check valve 22) Check or differential pressure
8) 4-ways motorized valve 16) Heating plant outlet probe 23) Boiler return probe
9) Exchanger circulation pump 24) Plant circulation pump
The basic layout given in figure 5 illustrates a plant for producing hot domestic water combined with a heating
plant.
This layout compared to the previous, and at the cost of slightly more complicated circuits, combines the advantages
of having the heat exchanger in series with the plant with those of having temperature control on the primary
circuit.
The multiple-pass heat exchanger gives improved priority management, while temperature control on the primary
lowers the average working temperature of the heat exchanger and reduces scale and lime deposits.
The operating scheme is relatively simple.
When probe 11 monitors, on the domestic water outlet, a temperature equal to or slightly lower than the
requested temperature, 4-ways mixing valve 8 will keep its sector in position A. Pump 9will pump water only
between the exchanger and valve 8 The heating circuit will function as if there were no domestic hot water
production.
As soon as probe 11 monitors a decrease in the domestic water temperature the sector of valve 8 will start
to move clockwise. In extreme conditions it can reach position B or it can stop in any intermediate position
between A and B.
In this case a variable amount of the water coming from the boiler will pass through the heat exchanger before
reaching 3-ways mixing valve 17 which regulates the heating plant.
Valve 17 is generally commanded by temperature control centre 18, which will have plant outlet probe 16
and external probe 19. This centre, mixing hot water at outlet with cold water at return, will distribute water
to radiators at a specific temperature depending on the external temperature that is monitored.
In most cases the drop in outlet temperature due to removal of heat by the heat exchanger will be automatically
compensated for by temperature control centre 18.
Since hot domestic water production acts, of necessity, as a parasite on the heating plant, the heating plant must
be excluded in cases of maximum simultaneous use of domestic water. Thermostat 20 will act as described in
layout 3.
When valve 8 is in position B and 17 has its left duct closed, the water circulates through the by-pass, where
valve 22 is installed. This, in theory, should be a differential pressure valve, but a spring-type check valve can
function equally well since all it needs to do is create a pressure drop that will make the by-pass inefficient in all
other situations.
This layout, from the standpoints of circuitry and control, is much more highly evolved compared to the preceding.
It achieves optimum plant management, both in terms of energy consumption and in terms of periodic maintenance,
especially regarding cleaning the heat exchanger.
Use of the plate heat exchanger to heat up

swimming pools
Plate heat exchangers are especially suited to heat swimming pools. They permit design of very simple, compact
and efficient heating plants that are extremely easy to regulate. Circuits, as basic layout 6 illustrates, are very
elementary.
Layout 6
1) Boiler 8) Plate heat exchanger 15) Filter backwash drain

2) Expansion tank 9) Precision thermometer 16) Pool pump
3) Safety valve 10) Motorized ball valve 17) Regulation valve
4) RM pressure switch 11) Electronic thermostat 18) Swimming pool
5) Dual thermostat 12) Immersion probe
6) Gate valve 13) Male or ball valve (by-pass)
7) Circulation pump 14) Pool filter
The boiler works with plate heat exchanger 8 that is regulated only by its control thermostat 5.
Pool water, taken from the pool by pump 16 with pre-filter, is pushed into filter 14.
At the output from filter 14 part of the water passes through the plate heat exchanger while the remaining
(which is the majority) goes through the by-pass, controlled by male or ball valve 13 and then goes back into
the pool after mixing with the part that passed through the plate heat exchanger.
By-pass valve 13 is regulated as follows: check, when the boiler is at nominal operating capacity and the heat
difference on the primary is according to design, that the 2 thermometers at the exchangers secondary circuit
inlet and outlet show the same temperature as on the boiler side. In this way we regulate the capacities of the
two exchanger circuits on equal values, facilitating proper exchanger operation.
The control system is composed of electronic thermostat 11 motorized ball valve 10 and immersion probe
12.
The water that exits from filter 14 will be at a temperature approximately equal to the average pool temperature
since pump 16 takes water directly from the pool, both through the surface skimmers and through the bottom
drain.
Probe 12, consequently, measures average pool temperature and sends this measurement to electronic
thermostat 11 that commands two-ways motorized ball valve 16.
The fact that most of the water passes through the by-pass even when the valve is open permits us to use a two-
ways valve rather than a three-ways valve, which is more expensive both to purchase and to install.
This is an on-off regulation system, since a modulating regulation system would be undoubtedly more expensive
without giving us any advantage, given the great thermal inertia of the mass of water in the pool.
3.3.1

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Here is a practical example.
Our goal is to heat an outdoors private swimming pool size 15 x 10 x 1.5 m; to make it possible to use the pool
in the intermediate seasons.
The quantity of water in the pool is:
15 x 10 x 1.5 x 1,000 = 225,000 litres.
Since this is a private pool the filter system is designed to completely filter pool water every 6 hours. This means
that pump 16 will have an hourly flow rate of about 37.500 It/h. We assume, for the purpose of our example,
that we have filled the pool with water at 15C and that we want to bring this temperature up to 30C in 36 hours.
We will have, overlooking losses for the time being :
225.000 x (30 - 15) = 3.375.000 total Kcal required, 3.375.000 : 36 = 93.750 Kcal/h required at the heat
exchanger.
If we calculate 90% efficiency we will have:
93,750 : 0.9 = 104.166 Kcal/h boiler capacity.
We can overlook the 4,166 Kcal/h and select a 100.000 Kcal/h boiler this will permit us to enjoy certain
regulatory and bureaucratic facilitation.
If we allow a 15C heat difference in the boiler we will have pump 7 with a flow rate of 6.250 I/h. Optimum plate
exchanger working conditions, as we have seen in preceding examples, are when the primary and secondary flows
are symmetrical.
Pump 16 , as we have seen, has a flow rate of 37.500 I/h. 6.250 of these will pass through the heat exchanger
and 31.250 will pass through the by-pass until the pool has reached the desired temperature. Then valve 10
will close and all 37.500 litres will pass through the by-pass.
To find data for calculating the heat exchanger we must remember that if the pool must be brought up to a 30
C temperature then valve 10 will be open until thermostat 11 ,through its probe 12, measures that the
water is already at 30C.
We can suppose that the heat exchanger will be used with secondary inlet temperatures varying between 15C
and 29C and that the least efficient condition, on which we must base our calculations, is obviously that with
water input at 29C. Heat exchanger calculation data are:

Primary water flow rate 6.250 I/h
Secondary water flow rate 6.250 I/h
If we consider the technical characteristics of pumps on the market with 6-7.000 I/h flow rates we can hypothesize,
when calculating the plate heat exchanger, a maximum pressure drop of 2-2.5 mcw, equal for both sides since
flow rates are the same.
Our heat exchanger is calculated to be a model S/041 with 27 plates.
3.3.2
Now we perform a check that is actually purely academic, since it is generally not done when making real calculations.
In this case we do so in order to be perfectly rigorous.
We have to calculate hourly heat losses by the pool in order to check how much more time than the 36 theoretical
hours will be required to heat the pool and also in order to check that the 100.000 Kcal/h boiler is able to keep
the pool at its design temperature.
The swimming pool energy losses which we must compensate for by additional heating are:
Q = uR + 4,88 (Tp-Ta) + hca (Tp-Ta) + 0,158 hca (Pp-Pa) in cui:
u = 0,9 water emission factor

R = 68 Kcal/h m2, black body radiation loss at room temperature towards the sky
Tp = pool temperature
Ta = average air temperature
hca = convection heat exchange coefficient between water and air (wind at 5 Km/h) = 4 Kcal/h m2C
Pp = partial water steam tension in equilibrium with pool water (325 Kg/m2)
Pa = partial water steam tension of ambient air (for 32C, UR 60%, Pa = 250 Kg/m2)
Therefore:
Q = 0,9 x 68 + 4,88 (30-20) + 0,158 x 4 (325-250) =
= 61,2 + 48,8 + 40 + 47,4 =
= 197,4 Kcal/h mq
Since the pool is 15 x 10 = 150 square meters we have hourly dispersion, when the pool is at the design
temperature, equal to :
197.4 x 150 = 29.610 Kcal/h.
Pool temperature, while it is heating, will be lower than final design temperature. Heat losses consequently will
also be lower, and will grow along with the rise in the pool temperature, reaching 29.610 kcal/h when the water
is at 30 C.
This data is adequate for us to say that heating time will be extended less than 30% and that the heating plant
is properly oversized in order to maintain the pool at its design temperature. These heat losses can be minimized,
in any case, by covering the pool with an insulating cover. This will bring heating time closer to theoretical values
and permit big energy savings.
By calculating the following, we can see how irrelevant heat losses through the ground are:
SIDE WALLS thickness 20 cm.

Material: reinforced concrete
depth below ground: 1.5 m
If we had air instead of water then heat losses, according to UNI 7357-74 standards, are proportional (in addition
to the heat differential between interior and exterior) to the following arbitrary transmission value:
1) K = 0,96 Kcal/h m2 C
This value, corrected by removing the air surface factor (7 Kcal/h m2 C) and inserting the factor for still water
(500 Kcal/h m2C) becomes:
2) K = 1,1 Kcal/h mq C
which we can use to calculate heat loss to the ground:
3) 1,1 x (30-20) = 11 Kcal/h m2

3.3.2

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BOTTOM
We repeat this concept for a pool bottom made of cement and 35 cm. Thick:
1) becomes:
1a) K = 0,85 Kcal/h m2 C
Replacing the air factor (5 Kcal/h m2 C) with the one for still water (300 Kcal/h m2 C), we obtain:
2a) K = 1,0 Kcal/h m2 C
These equations are obviously to be multiplied by the heat difference existing between the temperature of the pool
water and the one of the surrounding terrain.
We can draw the following conclusions
- Heating plant capacity, if we select heating times inferior to 36 hours, can be calculated simply based on the
desired heating time without considering pool losses.
- The heating plant will be oversized to maintain water at design temperature.
- The filter pump can be used on the secondary circuit without installing a separate circuit to serve the plate heat
exchanger, as long as we insert a by-pass.
- The regulation system can be a simple ON-OFF type, given the great thermal inertia of the mass of water to be
heated.
- The heat exchanger is calculated based on the size of the temperature difference and the flow rate of the primary
circuit, which can be made identical on the secondary circuit by simply regulating the by-pass control valve using
a precision thermometer.
4. Operation and
maintenance manual
Operation and maintenance manual 4.1
Installation and start-up
Installation
Unpacking:
Every Cipriani Scambiatori PHEs is packed on pallet and covered with plastic film for its protection. Spare parts
can also be packed on pallet or in a parcel. Please check delivery note against missing items. Contact our offices
within 8 days from the receipt of the shipment, if something is missing.
Recommendations:
Beware, the PHE can be heavy; we suggest to shift it using cables or ropes fastened to the frame (see figure A).
Never move the PHE fastening ropes to the connections that might be damaged by such handling.
The PHE should always be installed in upright position, making sure to leave enough space around it to allow
inspection and maintenance operations (see figure B).
Piping should be connected according to the inlet/outlet stickers on the frame.

When connecting threaded connections, always use a wrench to avoid to damage the gasket on the first plate
(see figure C)
Make sure the load of pipes does not burden the connections; leakage can occur when connections are subject
to heavy loads or vibrations.
Never install pipes in the space between the follower frame and the column because this would not allow the
opening of the PHE. In case of multiple-pass arrangements, connections on the follower frame should be provided
with pipe bends.
Check that the pipes are free from any impurity like sand, welding shreds or other particles that might damage
the plates and the gaskets.
A B C
MINIMUM SPACE
4.1

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Start-up
When starting the plate heat exchanger, observe the following instructions:
make sure the tightening measure is equal to the one indicated on the label of the PHE; set it to the correct
measure, if different (see section 4.2);
once the pipes are connected to the PHE, slowly fill up both circuit simultaneously;
when both circuits are filled with the fluids, gradually open the inlet valves and increase pressure.
Beware: to avoid water hammers, do not open the inlet valves quickly; sudden changes in the velocity of the fluid
might cause pressure peaks many time higher than the working pressure.
Note: persisting vibrations and/or repeated shutdowns of the unit, could cause fatigue damages to the PHE.
Disassembly and assembly
Unit shutdown
Gradually decrease pressure on both circuits.

Should the PHE not be working for long periods of time, unscrew the nuts of the tightening bars to ease the
pressure on the gaskets in the plate pack.
Never open the unit when it is hot; let it cool down to room temperature in order to prevent harm to people and
gaskets loosening.
Fully empty both circuits of the PHE.
Disassembly procedures:
Disconnect all pipes attached to the follower frame.

Lubricate bars and unscrew all nuts, but the ones marked with full circle which are the last ones to be removed,
see drawing:
Shift the follower frame backwards and remove plates one by one using the utmost care to avoid any damage to
plates or personal injury. Beware, plates have cutting edges, use protection gloves
Once all plates have been removed, lay them on a flat and clean surface to prevent any contact between the plates
and particles of iron or dirt.
Note:
after the PHE has been working at hot temperatures for a given time frame, gaskets tend to stick to the back of
the following plate. This becomes evident only when the PHE is opened, and if such happens, the sticking plates
must be separated with a flat-headed screwdriver or a knife to avoid any damage.
Each time you open a PHE there is the chance gaskets are spoiled; it is therefore better to limit the number of
disassemblies.
4.2

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Unit assembly
Prior to reassembly the PHE, make sure all plates and gaskets are clean and free from particles of dirt. These,
adhering to the gaskets can cause leakage when the unit is back at work.
Put the plates into the frame as per drawings of section 4.3.
The tightening measure (distance between head and follower frame, in mm) is written on the label of the PHE
and can anyway be found in the following grid:
041 080 100 125 250 300 450 650

np x 2.9 mm np x 2.9 mm np x 3.1 mm np x 3.45 mm np x 3.5 mm np x 3 mm np x 3 mm np x 3.4 mm
np x 3.35 mm
for PLUS
+2 mm +2 mm +2 mm +2 mm
Note: if the connections are flanged or welded, decrease the tightening measure of 2 mm (only for models 041,
080, 100 e 125).
BEWARE: never go below the indicated measure, plates can be permanently deformed if the plate pack is tightened
beyond the given measure. A unit can be shipped from the mill with a tightening measure higher than the one on
the label; this is due to normal factory tolerances. Should leakage occur, set the tightening measure to its original
dimension. Contact our office is leakage does not stop.
Tighten the threaded bars according to the following sequence :
Use the correct wrench:
Model 041 080 100 125 250 300 450 650

Tightening bar nut M14 M14 M16 M20 M24 M33 M33 M24/M39
Wrench 22 22 24 30 36 50 50 36/60
Top guiding bar nut M12 M12 M16 M22 M22 M14 M14 M20
Wrench 19 19 24 32 32 22 22 30
Bottom guiding bar nut M12 M12 M16 M22 M22 M18 M18 M20
Wrench 19 19 24 32 32 27 27 30
If the plates have been

correctly assembled,
the plate pack looks
like a honeycomb:
Plates arrangement
Parallel flow
Start Intermediate Final
plate plates plate
Head Follower
Crossed flow
Start Intermediate Final
plate Left Left plates Left plate
right right right right

Head Follower
4.3
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Mixed arrangement
high efficiency plates > 50%
high high high Intermediate low high low high
efficiency efficiency efficiency plates efficiency efficiency efficiency efficiency
Head Follower
Mixed arrangement
high efficiency plates = 50%
high low high Intermediate low high low high
Head Follower
Mixed arrangement
high efficiency plates < 50%
low low low Intermediate high low high low
Head Follower
Cleaning operations
Plate heat exchangers can be cleaned both manually and with CIP procedures (Cleaning In Place).
Manual cleaning
Open the unit following the disassembly instructions (section 4.2);

Clean each plate singly;
DO NOT USE STEEL BRUSHES OR STEEL WOOL TO CLEAN THE PLATES. If a brush is needed, use one with soft
or plastic bristles. Brushing irony material on stainless steel can accelerate the development of rust and/or the
corrosion of the plate;
beware not to scratch the gaskets;
after brushing, wipe clean each plate with fresh water. You can use a water-jet for plates with glued gaskets;
check Recommendations part to identify the exact cleaner according to the kind of the deposit on the plate
wall;
WIPE CLEAN AND DRY GASKETS WITH THE UTMOST CARE. Any particle of dirt that sticks on the gasket surface
might cause leakage. We suggest to clean also the back side of the plate;
fouling tends to deposit on the lower part of the plate, thoroughly check this area during cleaning.
Recommendations
never use hydrochloric acid, muriatic acid or water with more than 300 ppm chlorides, on stainless steel;
do not use phosphoric acid to clean plates in titanium.
Kind of fouling: Suggested detergents:

Scaling 4% nitric acid, max. 60C
4% citric acid, max. 60C
Oil and fat paraffin or Kerosene (these fluids could harm nitrile and EPDM
deposits gaskets-limit the contact between them at max. 1/2 hour)
Slime, 8% nitric acid, max. 60C

metallic oxides 4% citric acid, max. 60C
Organic compounds solution of 2% of caustic soda, max. 40 C
Important: caustic soda and nitric acid can cause severe injuries to skin and mucous. Use protection goggles
and gloves.
4.4

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CIP (Cleaning In Place)
When corrosive fluids flow in the PHE, CIP is the best cleaning procedure.
Install drain valves to prevent plate corrosion due to residual of fluid, when the unit is not working.
Follow this instructions to prepare the unit:

drain both circuits if impossible, oblige fluids out using flush water;
INLET
flush each circuit with fresh water at some 40C until no trace of
process fluid is left;
empty both circuits from water and connect CIP unit
(see Recommendations for suggested detergents);
OUTLET
for better cleaning, use a centrifugal pump to circulate the detergent
upwards in order to wet all plate walls with the CIP cleaner;
flow a quantity of detergent bigger than the usual flowrate of the
process fluid;
after CIP operations flush both circuits with fresh water
CIP SOLUTION
Backflushing and strainers
To reduce fouling due to fibres or particles that clog the PHE channels, backflushing is often recommended.
Follow these procedures:

flush unit with fresh water in opposite flow of the working sense;
if possible, invert the flow of each circuit periodically, especially in steam/product applications;
put strainers before the inlet of each circuit to decrease the number of backflushings
Dye-check
Once all fouling has been removed from the plate, it is recommended to check the integrity of the plate.
Corrosive liquids, galvanic currents, mechanical frictions etc, might reduce the thickness of the plate and cause
tears and holes particularly at contact points.
Therefore, the check with penetrant dyes is suggested to prevent leakage of fluid from one circuit to the other,
once the unit has been reassembled.
Contact our office for recommended products.
Replacement of gaskets
When replacing a significant number of gaskets, consider the opportunity to replace the full set. The sealing of
the gaskets decreases in time, affecting the tightening measure. Mixing plates with old and new gaskets will
cause an extraordinary compression of the new gaskets, reducing their life.
Replacement of glued gaskets
Remove the plates from the heat exchanger, and lay them down on a flat wooden surface.
Cut off the gaskets from the gasket groove, possibly using a flat-headed screwdriver; be careful not to damage
the plates. Should this be difficult, use hot air to warm up the back side of the gasket groove; when the adhesive
softens, take off the gasket from its groove.
Alternatively, soak the plate into liquid nitrogen; the gasket should easily fall off.
Wipe clean the gasket groove using solvents like : Metilethylketone (MEK), acetone or any paint stripping solvents.
Use a cloth to dry the gasket groove and apply a consistent layer of glue.
Note: make sure the glue does not ooze from the groove once you apply the gasket
Wait some 30 seconds before placing the gasket
Approximate quantity of glue per plate model:
041 080 100 125 250 300 450

gr. 4 gr. 4,5 gr. 4,5 gr. 5,5 gr. 7 gr. 7 gr. 8,5
Position the gasket on the plate and make sure the leak detect devices are up; use fingertips to fix the gasket in
its original position.
Put the plate with the new gasket under a weight for at least 12 hours at room temperature of some 20 C
4.5

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Replacement of plug-in gaskets
Clean the gasket groove of any residue oil or other foreign matters. Position the gasket on the plate, checking
that leak detect devices are up.
Make sure that the plugs on the gasket and the slots on the edge of the plate are lined up, allowing the correct
insertion of the plug into the slot.
Fit all plugs in their correspondent slot and push firmly until in site.
Plug-in is an exclusive patent of Cipriani Scambiatori Srl

Troubleshooting
Leakage between plate pack and frame
1. Mark the area where the leak is and open the PHE
2. If leakage is located near the connections check the first Reposition the misplaced gasket.
gasket. Tears, cuts on the gasket or its displacement can be the Replace the gasket on the start plate
cause of the problem.
3. Make sure the inner face of the frame is even and that there Eliminate all foreign object between the gasket
are no foreign objects that might affect the sealing of the gasket on the start plate and the surface of the head
with the adjacent surface. frame.
4. Check plate against tears or holes. If the plate is damaged, it must be replaced.
Leakage from plate pack to the outside
1. Mark the area where the leak is and open the PHE
2. Control tightening measure is correct (section 4.2). If it is Decrease pressure and set plate pack to the
below the dimension indicated on the label, the plates could have correct tightening measure.
been damaged.
3. Make sure all gaskets are in the right position. Relocate all misplaced gaskets.
Replace all damaged gaskets.
4. Make sure the plate arrangement is correct (section 4.3) Put plates in the correct arrangement.
5. The plate pack leaks thoroughly Check tightening measure (section 4.2), if
above the correct one, decrease pressure and
set plate pack to the right dimension.
4.6

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Fluids mix
1. Make sure pipes are connected to the unit as per inlet/outlet Connect pipes properly.
stickers.
2. Dye-check every plate against cuts or tears (section 4.4) Replace plates with holes or cracks.
3. Control that all plates are assembled in the correct arrangement Assemble plates in the correct arrangement
(section 4.3).
Pressure drop increase or temperature change
1. Pressure drop has increased from the star t-up. Check all instruments. Clean the unit (section
4.4)
2. Temperature are correct, but pressure drop is still too high. If plates are clean, something could clog the
connections or the channels; backflush the unit
(section 4.4)
3. Todays temperatures do not match the start-up ones. Fouling may have reduced the channels and
therefore the heat transfer coefficient. Clean
the unit.
4. Unit is clean, but pressure drop is too low. Check pumps.
Leakage in the area between the frame and the connections
1. Fluid leaks between the connection and the frame. When the connections are welded on the
frame, check integrity of the welding; in case
of cracks, completely reweld the connections.
When the connection is not welded, do the
same controls and if necessary replace the
connections.
5. Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous 5.1
General Sale Terms And

Conditions
1) SUBJECT: Subject to any specific waivers in writing indicated in the order confirmation, these General Terms and
Conditions cover the supply of heat exchangers (hereinafter referred to as the Products) manufactured by Cipriani
Scambiatori S.r.l. (hereinafter referred to as the Seller) to a customer (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer).
2) FORMATION OF CONTRACT: The sale contract is deemed to be completed only when the written confirmation from
the Seller reaches the Buyer. To have effect orders and any changes made verbally or by telephone shall be confirmed
in writing by both parties. Any catalogues, price lists or other promotional material shall constitute an indication only of
the type of Products and prices, specifications and dimensions therein contained shall not be binding for the Seller. Only
what is specified in the order confirmation shall be binding for the parties.
3) DELIVERY AND PACKAGING: The delivery date of the Products is that indicated in the order confirmation. Lacking
such an indication, the delivery shall be made within 60 working days from the order. The delivery terms shall never be
deemed imperative. The delivery shall be deemed to have been made once the Products are made available to the Buyer
at the Sellers works, subject to a written notice from the Seller advising the Buyer and giving the latter enough time to
undertake all measures usually necessary to collect the products. If the Buyer fails to collect the Products within fifteen
days from when they become available, then the Seller, if he deems it appropriate, will deposit the Products in a warehouse
at the Buyers risk and expense. The Buyer shall be liable for any additional stocking, handling and freight costs where,
on his request or due to any circumstances for which the Buyer may be even indirectly responsible, the shipment of the
products is delayed. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the Products shall be delivered EXW (Incoterms 1990). The
packaging shall be made according to custom, subject to any special requirements put forth by the Buyer and specifically
accepted in the order confirmation, being the Seller exempt from any liability in the event of losses and failures caused
by transport or improper handling. The Buyer shall check at the time of the delivery that the goods are in good order.
Subject to the relevant notice being given to the Seller, any complaints or disputes caused by or resulting from transport
shall be lodged by the Buyer only against the carrier or any relevant third party, as the Seller, pursuant to art. 1693 of
the Italian Civil Code, is not liable for any event occurring after the materials have been delivered to the carrier. The
Product is subjected by the Seller to pneumatic testing and to quality control. Specific tests or certifications shall be
specifically agreed upon by the parties in the order confirmation. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, the cost for
tests and certifications exceeding the Sellers standard practice shall be on the Buyer .
4) REFERENCE TECHNICAL STANDARDS: UNI EN 305 01/99, UNI EN 306 09/92 and UNI EN 307 10/92.
5) DEFECTS AND WARRANTY: The Seller guarantees the Products against any defects or non compliance that may
be the result of any design, material or processing faults, for a period of twelve months from the date of invoicing. Subject
to the Product deemed faulty being returned at the expense of the Buyer to the Sellers premises, the warranty, where
the complaint is founded, will result in the complete replacement of each part deemed to be defective by the Sellers
Technical Department and Quality Control Department, with resulting responsibility for freight costs to the location of
the initial delivery, without the granting of any compensation for whatsoever reason, unless otherwise specifically agreed
by the parties. Should the defect be found to be unfounded, the Seller may charge the inspection costs to the Buyer.
The Cipriani heat exchanger is equipped with a warranty seal which, if broken without the Manufacturers written consent,
automatically makes the warranty null and void. The warranty does not cover the replacement of parts subjected to
normal wear. The warranty does not cover all those parts of the Products that are not directly supplied by the Seller. In
the event of faults relating to perishable parts of the Products supplied by third parties, the Seller may, at its discretion,
either take responsibility for the warranty or authorise the Buyer to act directly against the sub-Seller with total release
of the Seller from any liability. No warranty may be provided for failures or abnormal wear and tear caused by neglect,
inexperience, poor maintenance or inappropriate use of the Product. The Buyer shall have the onus of proving the matching
of the specifications provided for the sizing of the product at the time of the offer and its actual operating data. The
warranty automatically becomes null and void if the Buyer is not up-to-date with the payments set in the order confirmation.
Complaints by the Buyer for faults or defects of the Products being supplied must be lodged in writing and notified to
the Seller within 10 days from the delivery of the products, on pain of all relevant rights being forfeited. The term is
extended to 90 days from the time of delivery for complaints covering hidden faults. However, any complaints or disputes
do not give the Buyer the right to delay or suspend payments.
6) PAYMENT: Payments must be made, net of any costs or discounts, within the terms and according to the methods
indicated in the order confirmation and/or invoice. If the Buyer does not physically collect the Products within the prescribed
terms, the Buyer must in any case pay for the price. In the case of late payment, the Seller reserves the right to apply
on the amount owing interest five points higher than the official discount rate charged by the European Central Bank or
by the Central Bank of the Buyers country of residence if this is a non-European Union country, such a rate being a yearly
rate, reducible on a daily basis with monthly capitalisation. Unless otherwise stipulated in the order confirmation, payment
5.1

Tel. ++39.045.6859012 Fax ++39.045.6859040
www.cipriani.it
shall be in Italian lire or Euro, at the exchange rate applied by Italys Central Bank on the day of the delivery of the Products.
In case the Buyer delays any payment, the Seller, at its discretion, may suspend the compliance with its obligations until
payment of the price (capital plus interest plus charges) or, subject to a written notification to the Buyer, terminate the
contract forthwith, without the need to claim the Buyers non compliance, and act against the Buyer for the payment of
the amount still due and for damages. In particular, in the event of the Buyer failing to pay, the Seller may change terms
and methods of payment for supplies and/or orders still pending or even suspend or cancel them without the Buyer being
entitled to claim damages or compensation.
7) RETENTION OF OWNERSHIP: Pursuant to article 1523 of the Italian Civil Code, the Seller retains ownership of
the Products delivered as well as of all parts delivered separately, until full payment of the Price, while the Buyer bears
all risks on the Products as of the time of delivery.
8) TERMINATION: If the Buyer is subjected to bankruptcy proceedings or is known to be insolvent or fails to comply
with any of the obligations herein, the Seller may terminate the contract subject to notifying in writing the Buyer. In the
event of the contract being terminated, without prejudice to any other rights, the Seller is entitled to access the Buyers
premises or any other place where the Products are located and to gain possession of all or part of the Products. The
termination of the contract for whatsoever cause does not affect any rights acquired by the Seller up to the time of the
termination.
9) ACTS OF GOD: Where the Seller and the Buyer are unable to comply with any of the obligations herein due to
unpredictable events such as, but not limited to, fires, floods, wars and strikes, whose effects could not be foreseen,
prevented or overcome by resorting to due diligence, they shall not be liable for any compensation or damages. The party
affected shall immediately notify the other party in writing, estimating the likely duration of the emergency situation and
is required to take all possible steps aimed at preventing any further delays and to comply with its obligations.
10) MANUFACTURERS LIABILITY: Subject to the damaged party having the onus of proving the damage, the defect
and the link between damage and defect, the Seller is liable vis--vis the damaged user for any damage resulting from
the use of the Products, in accordance with the imperative provisions of Presidential Decree No. 224/1988.
11) ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACT: The total or partial assignment of the contract either for monetary consideration
or free of charge by the Buyer, is subject to prior consent in writing by the Seller.
12) PROTECTION OF KNOW HOW: Pursuant to article 6 bis of Royal Decree 29 June 1939 No. 1127, referred to
by article 14 of Legislative Decree 19 March 1996 No.198, which ratified the Tribs agreements, the Buyer undertakes
not to divulge and use either directly or indirectly any information that is part of the Corporate know how. The breach of
such an undertaking shall attract both civil and criminal liability.
13) PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DETAILS: The Buyer, in acknowledging of being fully aware of the contents, in their
entirety, of article 10 of Law 675/96, hereby agrees, pursuant to articles 13 and 20 of the aforementioned Law, to
treat appropriately all personal/corporate details and to undertake all necessary steps, either connected or instrumental,
with a view to complying with the obligations mentioned therein and covering the supply of the Products, and to notify
such details, if so required, to third parties, in particular to foreigners, including non European Community subjects,
whose co-operation were to be required.
14) LANGUAGE: The original version of these supply conditions is prepared in the Italian language and reference shall
be made to such a text in the event of any dispute between the parties.
15) APPLICABLE LAW AND JURISDICTION: These General Terms and Conditions shall be governed by and construed
according to Italian Law. All disputes concerning the interpretation and implementation of the conditions of supply shall
be referred to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Italian Cour ts, namely the Verona Law Cour ts.
Pursuant to the provisions of articles 1341 and 1342 of the Italian Civil Code, the Buyer declares that it specifically
approves articles 2 (Formation of Contract), 3 (Delivery and packaging), 5 (Defects and Warranty), 6 (Payment), 7
(Retention of Ownership), 8 (Termination), 10 (Manufacturers Liability), 11 (Assignment of Contract), 12 (Protection of
Know How), 13 (Protection of Personal Details), 14 (Language), 15 (Applicable Law and Jurisdiction) of the general sale
terms and conditions of Cipriani Scambiatori S.r.l.
When we decided to write these pages we werent thinking of a treatise, nor of a summary. We only wanted
to write information that really a designer needs when he wants to or has to use a rapid heat exchanger in
a thermal processing system. Our aim is to write as clearly and simply as possible, avoiding useless technological
complications but still being rigorous.
The three most common situations are:
1. Production of hot domestic or process water.
2. Production of hot domestic water using the same boiler as the heating system.
3. Heating of swimming pools.
We shall examine the possible options for all three cases, and try to understand why to choose one type of
system or another as well as confront regulation problems. We shall also give examples for calculating the
sizes of the exchanger as well as of any eventual storage tanks.
The actual choice of the type and size of installation, however, depends on a series of variables that make
each installation a unique case. The final decision as to the type and size of plant to use depends totally on
the designer. The goal of these pages is to give the designer subjects for discussion and consideration.
By Silvano Galantini

Catalogo Cipriani

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1.

Plate thickness, mm 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.45 3.35 3.5 3 3 3.4

Test pressure, bar 21 21 21 21 25 21 12 12 21

Max. working pressure, bar 16 16 16 16 20 16 8 8 16

Thermal length A A A+B A+B A+B A A+B A+B A+B

Max. water flowrate, m3/h 14 14 25 65 65 100 200 200 400

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Plate material Gasket approximate heat resistance 16

EPDM 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200

Connection material Approximate gasket life 180

Flanges, PN 16 factors like : occasional temperature peaks, fluid type 130

Welded and quality, frequency of disassembly, impurity-caused 120

the working fluid must be checked after having 100

NBR -40 C 110 C

Connections design and frames size

Models: 250 Model: 250

Carbon steel connections Connections to be flanged

FRAMES PI 041 PI 080 PG 100 PG 125 PG 250 PG 300 PG 450 PG 650

A 470 760 720 820 1080 1060 1506 1600

B 200 200 250 310 400 530 530 810

E 380 665 555 603 843 705 1150 1055

F 68 68 100 123 162 250 250 391

D 45 48 103 128 138 180 178 268

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Materials depending on usage

This chart shows the compatibility of some

Hydraulic oil (mineral)

Sulphuric acid 20% (in water), 70 C

plate 020 plus

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Top Guiding Bar

Bottom Guiding Bar

154 37 113 315

all dimensions are in mm

plate 040 plus

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Top guiding bar

Bottom guiding bar

all dimensions are in mm

plate 080 plus

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Top guiding bar

Bottom guiding bar

21 65 215 57 169 515

all dimensions are in mm

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

Top guiding bar

Bottom guiding bar

all dimensions are in mm

plate 125 plus

Galvanized threaded Stainless steel Moplen threaded Flanged

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Top guiding bar

Head Frame Plate Pack

Bottom guiding bar Aluminium plate

all dimensions are in mm

Stainless steel Moplen threaded Welded Flanged

Via XXV Aprile, 35 37020 Corrubio di Negarine - VERONA (Italy)

Top guiding bar

Bottom guiding bar

all dimensions are in mm