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Lo sviluppo motorio del bambino da 0 a 6 anni

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Università di Verona

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dotata di peculiarità endocrinologiche, neuropsicologiche e alimentari che
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considera. Per esempio, la struttura muscolare ed ossea individuale è lar-
gamente determinata dal patrimonio genetico e solo situazioni estreme di
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e buona parte delle attività ad esso connesse (percettive, motorie, comuni-
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gamente determinato dal patrimonio genetico) e dallo sviluppo del cervello
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tivamente omogeneo tra individui diversi solo nei primi mesi di vita per
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senso-motorie a cui ciascun bambino/a è esposto.
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GLÁXVVRGHOORVYLOXSSRGHOOHGLYHUVHDELOLWjHFDSDFLWjVHQVRPRWRULH
13

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 YHGLÀJXUHQHOOHSDJLQHVXFFHVVLYH /DFRQRVFHQ]DGHOOHIDVLGLVYLOXS-
po e la determinazione delle competenze di cui il bambino è in possesso,
costituiscono gli strumenti indispensabili per poter progettare attività a
´PLVXUDGLEDPELQRµ2FFRUUHSHUzWHQHUHEHQDPHQWHFKHLGLDJUDPPL
riportati sono solo indicativi e che le varie tappe non sono necessariamen-
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programmi terapeutici.

Le tappe dello sviluppo motorio

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tra aspetti motori e sensoriali del movimento, dal punto di vista della trat-
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Gli aspetti motori interessanti riguardano
> la manualità
> la mobilità
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rilasciare, lanciare, rimanere appeso; la mobilità comprende le capacità
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WDUH DUUDPSLFDUVL ,QÀQH O·HTXLOLEULR FRPSUHQGH OH FDSDFLWj PRWRULH GHO
bambino/a riconducibili allo sviluppo delle vie vestibolari (che compren-
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parato acustico).
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to è puramente indicativa; si deve invece tenere sempre presente che ogni
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 AREA DELLA MANUALITA' AREA DELLA MOBILITA'

5LÁHVVRSUHQVLOH PHVH Movimenti di braccia e

gambe senza spostamento

Striscio in posizione prona che

Rilascio vitale PHVL culmina in schema crociato

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mano o nell'altra HTXLOLEULRIUHTXHQWHPHQWHDOO DOWH]]D
delle spalle o al di sopra

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ma con una mano dominante PHVL completo schema crociato

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FIGURA 1:
Sviluppo delle aree motorie della manualità e della mobilità.

16

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 AREA DELLA TATTILITA' AREA VISIVA

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il tatto

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 Sviluppo ed esperienza

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scienze motorie ed ampiamente messa in pratica nel mondo dello sport dai
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no gioca sono estremamente dipendenti dal contesto; ne consegue che la
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DURATA INTENSITA'

FREQUENZA

FIGURA 3:
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(brachiazioni).
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Esperienza, movimento e sviluppo senso-motorio

Sin dalla nascita è importante che il bambino si muova perché ripetitività e

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Quando ad esempio il bambino/a appena nato viene messo con la pancia in
giù, in posizione prona, inizierà a muovere le braccia e le gambe in modo
incontrollato.
Mano a mano che si muove i movimenti diventano sempre più di natura
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portunità di apprendere a strisciare prima di un altro bambino che non ha
possibilità di provare.
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di controllare prima i movimenti.
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PRELOLWjHTXLOLEULR SHUPHWWHDOEDPELQRGL

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e durata.
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ri alla norma anche tre anni dopo e anche in assenza di ulteriori periodi di
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grado di sviluppare le capacità motorie sin da piccoli avranno un persisten-
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attenzione allo sviluppo senso-motorio del bambino (da parte di genitori,
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stesso tempo, non bisogna mai dimenticare che la patologia pediatrica ci
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mente colpiscono il soggetto in età adulta (ad esempio, diabete e obesità).

Il ruolo dell'ambiente nello sviluppo motorio

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caldo, morbido, ricco di stimoli che gli permettono di strisciare, andare
carponi.
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