UNI

T1:
CONCEPTSOFGENDERANDPATRI
ARCHY

UNI
TSTRUCTURE
1.
1Lear
ningObj
ect
ives

1.
2Int
roduct
ion

1.
3Nat
ureofGender

1.
4Meani
ngofPat
ri
archy

1.
5Nat
ureofPat
ri
archy

1.
6For
msofPat
ri
archy

1.
7Letussum up

1.
8Fur
therr
eadi
ngs

1.
9Answer
stochecky
ourPr
ogr
ess

2.
0Model
Quest
ions

1.
1LEARNI
NGOBJECTI
VES

Af
tergoi
ngt
hrought
hisuni
tyouwi
l
lbeabl
eto:

 descr
ibet
hemeani
ngandnat
ureofgender

 under
standt
hedi
ff
erencesbet
weensexandgender

 descr
ibet
hemeani
ngofpat
ri
archy

 expl
aint
henat
ureofPat
ri
archy

 di
scusst
hev
ari
ousf
ormsofPat
ri
archy
1.
2INTRODUCTI
ON

Thi
suni
tint
roducesy
out
ooneoft
hewi
del
ydi
scussedt
opi
csi
noursoci
etyi
.e.gender
.Gender
r
efer
stot
hesoci
all
yconst
ruct
edr
oles,behav
ior
s,act
ivi
ti
esandat
tri
but
est
hatagi
vensoci
ety
consi
der
sappr
opr
iat
esf
ormenandwomen.I
timpl
i
essoci
alconst
ruct
ionofmal
eandf
emal
e
i
dent
it
y.I
tisasoci
alr
ecogni
ti
onofbi
ologi
caldi
ff
erences.I
nSoci
alSci
ences,
thet
erm genderi
s
usedt
oindi
cat
ethedi
ff
erencesi
nsoci
alst
atusofmanandwoman.I
naPat
ri
archalsoci
ety
,the
conceptofgenderi
sunder
stoodasani
deol
ogi
calmechani
sm i
nthesubor
dinat
ionofwomen.
Genderi
dent
it
yisnotf
ixedatbi
rt
hrat
heri
tisgi
venacor
eident
it
ybyt
hephy
siol
ogi
caland
soci
alf
act
ors.I
tisdev
elopedbymeansofsoci
alr
einf
orcementandl
anguage.Her
ewemay
r
efert
o Si
mone de Beauv
oir
’s opi
nion t
hat“
one i
s notbor
n a woman;one becomes a
women.
”Thef
ormat
ionofgenderdi
ff
ersf
rom onecul
tur
etot
heot
herasi
tisacul
tur
especi
fi
c
aspect
.AnnOakl
eyr
egar
dsgenderasamat
terofcul
tur
e.I
tref
erst
othesoci
alcl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
menandwomeni
nto‘
mascul
i
ne’
and‘
femi
nine’
.

Thet
erm genderhasbeeni
ncr
easi
ngl
yusedt
oident
if
ygenderr
olesi
nce1950’
s.TheWor
ld
Sur
vey1999ont
he‘
Rol
eofWomeni
nDev
elopment
’def
inedgenderas‘
thesoci
almeani
ngs
gi
vent
obi
ologi
calsexdi
ff
erences.I
tisani
deol
ogi
calandcul
tur
alconst
ruct
.Itaf
fect
sthe
di
str
ibut
ionofr
esour
ces,
weal
th,
wor
k,deci
sionmaki
ngpower
,ri
ght
set
c.bot
hinpubl
i
caswel
l
aspubl
i
cli
fe.I
tst
rat
if
iest
hesoci
etybet
weent
hesexesassi
gni
ngdi
ff
erentr
olesl
i
keot
her
st
rat
if
ier
sli
ker
ace,
class,
cast
eet
c.

Genderi
snotst
ati
crat
herdy
nami
c.I
tchangesf
rom t
imet
oti
me,cul
tur
etocul
tur
eandev
en
f
ami
l
ytof
ami
l
y.Thust
her
ear
edi
ff
erentf
eat
ureswi
thi
nthedef
ini
ti
onofgendert
hati
ncl
ude
i
deol
ogy
,cul
tur
alconst
ruct
,ident
it
y,ent
it
lement
s,al
ongwi
thot
hersoci
aldi
vi
sionssuchasr
ace,
cl
ass,
ident
it
y,sexual
i
ty,
ageet
c.Thewor
dgenderi
snowusedsoci
ologi
cal
l
yorasaconcept
ual
cat
egor
y.I
tisusedasananal
yti
calt
oolt
ounder
standsoci
alr
eal
i
tieswi
thr
egar
dtowomenand
men.Ev
erycul
tur
ehasi
tsownway
sofv
alui
ngandassi
gni
ngdi
ff
erentr
oles,r
esponsesand
at
tri
but
est
ogi
rl
sandboy
s.Ev
erysoci
etysl
owl
ytr
ansf
ormsamal
eorf
emal
eint
oamanora
womanwi
thdi
ff
erentqual
i
ties,r
esponsi
bil
i
ties,r
ight
sandexpect
ati
ons.I
nfactgenderhasno
bi
ologi
cal
ori
gin,
andt
heconnect
ionsbet
weensexandgenderar
enotr
eal
l
ynat
ural
atal
l
.

CHECKYOURPROGRESS1
1.Whatdoumeanbygender
?__
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_

2.Genderi
s__
___
___
___
___notst
ati
c.

3.I
sgendersameev
ery
wher
e?_
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

1.
3NATUREOFGENDER

I
ncommonpar
lance,t
het
erms‘
sex’and‘
gender
’ar
eusedsy
nony
mousl
y.Howev
er,t
echni
cal
l
y
t
her
eisadi
sti
nct
ionbet
weent
heset
wot
erms.Genderi
s‘soci
alcl
assi
fi
cat
ion’
ofpeopl
e.Ont
he
ot
herhandsexi
s‘bi
ologi
calcl
assi
fi
cat
ion’ofpeopl
e.Thedi
sti
nct
ionbet
weent
het
wocanbe
summedupasf
oll
ows.

1.Genderi
sasoci
alandcul
tur
alconst
ructofi
magesandexpect
ati
onsofbot
hmal
esand
f
emal
es.Wher
eas,sex i
s bi
ologi
caldi
ff
erences bet
ween men and women such as
r
epr
oduct
ivef
unct
ionandsecondar
ychar
act
eri
sti
csl
i
kebodyhai
randbr
eastdev
elopment
.

2.Genderi
smadewher
eassexi
sbor
n.Achi
l
disbor
nasababyboyorbabygi
rl
,butdev
elops
i
ntoamanorawomanwhenassi
gnedapar
ti
cul
arr
olei
nthesoci
ety
.

3.‘
Mascul
i
ne’and ‘
Femi
nine’ar
e gendercat
egor
ies wher
eas ‘
Mal
e’and ‘
Femal
e’ar
e sex
cat
egor
ies.

4.Genderr
efl
ect
snur
tur
ewher
eassexr
efl
ect
snat
ure.I
not
herwor
ds,genderdev
elopsasa
r
esul
tofnur
tur
ewhi
l
ethedev
elopmentofsexi
sther
esul
tofnat
ure.

5.Genderdi
scr
imi
nat
ioni
sasoci
aldi
scr
imi
nat
ionwher
eassexuali
nequal
i
tyi
sani
nbor
n
phenomenon.

6.Thet
askoff
emi
nism i
stoabol
i
shgenderi
nequal
i
tyandnotoft
hesexualone.Thei
deol
ogy
off
emi
nism adv
ocat
esgenderequal
i
tywi
thi
nthef
ramewor
kofsexual
inequal
i
ties.

Fr
om t
heabov
eanal
ysi
s,wecannowf
indoutt
henat
ureofgenderasf
oll
ows:

a) Genderi
ssoci
o-cul
tur
alandi
tismanmade.

b) Genderr
efer
sto mascul
i
ne and f
emi
nine qual
i
ties,behav
iorpat
ter
ns,r
oles and
 r
esponsi
bil
i
ties.

c) Genderi
svar
iabl
e.I
tchangesf
rom t
imet
oti
me,
cul
tur
etocul
tur
eandf
ami
l
ytof
ami
l
y.

CHECKYOURPROGRESS2

4) I
ssexandgendersame?_
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

5) Sexi
s__
___
___
___
___
___wher
easgenderi
s__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

1.
4MEANI
NGOFPATRI
ARCHY

Thewor
dpat
ri
archyhasbeender
ivedf
rom t
heGr
eekwor
d‘pat
ri
archi
es’means“
headoft
he
t
ri
be”mor
especi
fi
cal
l
y,mal
eheadoft
het
ri
be.Pat
ri
archyt
husl
i
ter
all
ymeanst
he r
uleoft
he
headoft
hef
ami
l
yori
nshor
t,ofman.Or
igi
nal
l
yitwasusedt
odescr
ibeaspeci
fi
cty
peof‘
mal
e
domi
nat
edf
ami
l
y’whi
chi
ncl
udedwomen,
juni
ormen,
chi
l
dren,
slav
esanddomest
icser
vant
sal
l
undert
he r
ule oft
he domi
nantmal
e.Todayi
tis gener
all
yused t
oref
ert
othe power
r
elat
ionshi
pswhi
chmendomi
nat
ewomenandt
ochar
act
eri
seasy
stem wher
ewomenar
ekept
subor
dinat
einanumberofway
s.I
tmaybedescr
ibedasapol
i
tical
str
uct
urewhi
chf
avour
sman
andpr
opagat
eswomen’
ssubor
dinat
ionasnat
uralandi
nev
itabl
e.Pat
ri
archyt
husr
epr
esent
s
mal
echauv
ini
sm andhencer
esul
tsi
ntheoppr
essi
onofwomen.Pat
ri
archyi
sassoci
atedwi
th
mal
esex,andt
her
efor
e,wi
thmal
egender
.Sy
lbi
aWal
byi
nherbook‘
Theor
isi
ngPat
ri
archy
’
descr
ibesPat
ri
archyas“
asy
stem ofsoci
alst
ruct
uresandpr
act
icesi
nwhi
chmendomi
nat
e,
oppr
essandexpl
oitwomen.
”Sopat
ri
archyi
sassoci
atedwi
tht
her
uleofmenov
erwomen
wher
emenar
ether
ulerandwomenar
ether
uled.Forexampl
e,i
nsomeSout
hAsi
anl
anguages,
t
hewor
dsusedf
orhusbandar
eswami
,shauhar
,pat
i,mal
i
kal
lwor
dsmeans‘
l
ord’
or‘
owner
’.

Thenat
ureofpat
ri
archyi
sdi
ff
erenti
ndi
ff
erentcl
assesi
nthesamesoci
ety
,indi
ff
erent
soci
eti
esandi
ndi
ff
erentper
iodsofhi
stor
y.Howev
er,
thebr
oadpr
inci
plesr
emai
nthesamet
hat
i
s,menar
eincont
rol
,butt
henat
ureoft
hiscont
rolmaydi
ff
er.Forexampl
e,t
henat
ureof
pat
ri
archyi
sdi
ff
erentf
ort
ri
balwomenandf
oruppercast
eHi
nduwomen,
forwomeni
ntheUSA
andwomeni
nIndi
a.I
tismai
nlybecauseeachsoci
alsy
stem t
hrowsupi
tsownv
ari
ati
onson
howpat
ri
archyf
unct
ionsandhowsoci
alandcul
tur
alpr
act
icesdi
ff
er.

Thef
emi
nist
’ssoci
ologi
sthasgi
vent
hreet
ypesofaccountofpat
ri
archy
.Fi
rst
lyt
he
Fr
enchpsy
choanal
yst
sandst
ruct
ural
i
stshav
ear
guedt
hatasoci
ety
’scul
tur
eisdomi
nat
edby
t
hesy
mbol
sofmal
eor
igi
n.Thesecondaccountar
guest
hatpat
ri
archyi
sessent
ial
l
ybasedon
t
hehousehol
dinwhi
chmendomi
nat
ewomeneconomi
cal
l
y,sexual
l
yandcul
tur
all
y.Thi
svi
ew
r
egar
dsmar
ri
age asa l
abourcont
ractt
hrough whi
ch women exchange unpai
d domest
ic
ser
vices f
ort
hei
rupkeep.And t
hir
dly
,the Mar
xist
sfemi
nist
s ar
gue t
hatpat
ri
archy and
capi
tal
i
sm suppor
teachot
her
.Wi
thi
nthehousehol
d,ment
akebenef
itofwomen’
sunpai
d
domest
icwor
kandt
husr
eli
evet
hei
rempl
oyer
.Out
sidet
hehome,womenar
esegr
egat
edt
o
per
for
m somespeci
fi
cjobsf
orwhi
chv
eryl
owwagesar
epai
d.Thusal
ltheseaccount
sfocus
ondi
ff
erentaspect
sofwomen’
sexpl
oit
ati
oni
noursoci
ety
.Man’
sdomi
nat
ionandwoman’
s
subor
dinat
ionar
ethet
wosi
desoft
hesamecoi
nandbot
hrel
atest
hemsel
vest
othet
erm
pat
ri
archy
.Pat
ri
archyt
husr
epr
esent
smal
echauv
ini
sm andhencer
esul
tsi
ntheoppr
essi
onof
women.The l
i
ter
atur
e on pat
ri
archy and f
emi
nism ov
erl
aps.Not
abl
ereadi
ngs i
ncl
ude,
Shul
ami
thFi
rest
one’
s‘TheDi
alect
icofSex(
1970)
’,Ger
mai
neGr
eer
’s‘
TheFemal
eEunuch
(
1970)
’,Ev
a Fi
ges‘
Pat
ri
archi
calAt
ti
tudes(
1970)
’,Robi
n Mor
gan’
s‘Si
ster
hood i
sPower
ful
(
1970)
’.Howev
erKat
eMi
l
let
t’
s‘SexualPol
i
tics(
1985)
’isi
mpor
tanti
nsof
arasi
tpr
ovi
desa
t
heor
eti
cal
framet
otheconceptofpat
ri
archy
.

CHECKYOURPROGRESS3

6) Thewor
dpat
ri
archyhasbeender
ivedf
rom _
___
___
___
_wor
d.

7) Whatdoy
oumeanbyt
hewor
dPat
ri
archy
?

8) Whoi
stheaut
horoft
hebook‘
Theor
isi
ngPat
ri
archy
’?

1.
5NATUREOFPATRI
ARCHY

Pat
ri
archyi
sbasedonasy
stem ofpowerr
elat
ionswhi
char
ehi
erar
chi
calandunequalwher
e
mencont
rol
women.Thenat
ureofcont
rol
andsubj
ugat
ionofwomenv
ari
esf
rom onesoci
etyt
o
anot
herduet
othedi
ff
erencesi
ncast
e,cl
ass,
rel
i
gion,
raceandv
ari
oussoci
ocul
tur
alpr
act
ices.
Howev
ert
hebr
oadpr
inci
plesr
emai
nthesamei
.emencont
rol
sbutt
henat
ureoft
hiscont
rol
maydi
ff
er.Forexampl
e,I
ndi
anwomenf
aceadi
ff
erentexper
ienceofpat
ri
archyt
hanawoman
i
nUSA.Si
mil
arl
y,i
tisdi
ff
erentf
orauppercast
eHi
nduwomanandat
ri
balwoman.Eachsoci
al
sy
stem orhi
stor
icper
iodt
hrowsupi
tsownv
ari
ati
onsonhow pat
ri
archyf
unct
ions,andhow
soci
alandcul
tur
alpr
act
icesdi
ff
er.Buti
nspi
tei
fthi
svar
iat
ionsf
oll
owi
ngar
esomeoft
he
commonchar
act
eri
sti
cst
hatcanbef
oundi
nev
erypat
ri
archal
soci
ety
.

a)Mal
eDomi
nance:

I
naPat
ri
archalsy
stem,
iti
sthemal
ewhodomi
nat
esi
nev
eryaspect
sofl
i
fe.Menmake
al
ldeci
sionsi
nbot
hsoci
etyandi
nthei
rfami
l
y,hol
dal
lposi
ti
onsofpowerandaut
hor
it
y
andar
ether
eby
,consi
der
edsuper
iori
nal
laspect
s.

b) Mal
eIdent
if
icat
ion:

Men ar
e concer
ned wi
thi
dent
if
icat
ion t
hati
ncl
udes qual
i
ties ofcont
rol
,st
rengt
h,
f
orcef
ulness,r
ati
onal
i
ty,st
rong wor
k and compet
it
iveness.Each oft
hese qual
i
ties
cont
ri
but
etomal
eident
if
icat
ioni
napat
ri
archal
syst
em.

c) Mal
eCent
redness:

I
naPat
ri
archalsoci
ety
,thecent
erofact
ivi
tyi
sonmenandwhatt
heydot
omov
ethe
soci
etyf
orwar
d,i
nanypat
ri
archalsy
stem.Manwi
l
lbet
hef
ocusanddev
eloperofal
l
ev
ent
sandi
nvent
ions.Menwi
l
lbet
heher
oesi
nal
lsi
tuat
ions.

d)Obsessi
onwi
thcont
rol
:

I
naPat
ri
archalsoci
etyi
tist
hemal
ewhocont
rol
sal
lthet
imes.Theyhav
eadesi
ret
o
cont
rolal
lsoci
alandf
ami
l
ysi
tuat
ionsandmakeal
ldeci
sionsr
egar
dingwi
thi
nand
out
sidet
hehousehol
d.

Thuspat
ri
archyi
mpl
i
esameasur
eofpower
.Iti
sthepowerofmanov
erwoman.

CHECKYOURPROGRESS4

9) I
sPat
ri
archysamei
nev
erysoci
ety
?
 _
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___

10) Whoi
sthemai
ncent
erofpoweri
napat
ri
archal
soci
ety
?

_
___
___
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1.
6FORMSOFPATRI
ARCHY

Pat
ri
archyi
sani
deol
ogybasedont
heasser
ti
onofmal
esuper
ior
it
yov
erwomen.Todayi
t
domi
nat
essoci
alor
gani
zat
ionandt
her
ebyexer
tscont
rolov
eral
lspher
esofhumanl
i
fesuchas
pol
i
tical
,soci
al,cul
tur
al,r
eli
gious and economi
c.Sy
lbi
a Wal
by i
n hernot
ed cont
ri
but
ion
‘
Theor
isi
ngPat
ri
archy
’ar
guest
hatpat
ri
archyi
sani
ndi
spensabl
econceptf
orananal
ysi
sof
genderi
nequal
i
ty.Wal
byal
so di
sti
ngui
shes bet
ween t
wo f
orms ofpat
ri
archyi
.e.
,pr
ivat
e
pat
ri
archyand publ
i
c pat
ri
archy
.Pr
ivat
e pat
ri
archyappear
sinsi
de t
he househol
d wi
tha
pat
ri
archcont
rol
l
ingwomeni
ndi
rect
lyi
nthepr
ivat
espher
eofhome.I
nfactt
hei
nst
it
uti
onof
f
ami
l
yispr
obabl
ythemostpat
ri
archal
.Amani
sconsi
der
edast
heheadoft
hef
ami
l
ywho
cont
rol
swomen’
ssexual
i
ty,l
abour
,repr
oduct
ionandmobi
l
ity
.Wi
thi
nthehousehol
dwomen
pr
ovi
deal
lki
ndsoff
reeser
vicet
othei
rchi
l
drens,husbandandot
hermember
soft
hef
ami
l
y,
t
hroughoutt
hei
rli
ves.Sy
lbi
aWal
bycal
l
sthi
sa‘
pat
ri
archalmodeofpr
oduct
ion’
wher
ewomen’
s
l
abouri
sexpr
opr
iat
edbyt
hei
rhusbandsandot
her
swhol
i
vet
her
e.I
tist
hemal
ewhot
akesal
l
deci
si
onwi
thi
nthef
ami
l
y.Awomani
snotal
l
owedt
otakeev
ent
hosedeci
siont
hataf
fect
s
t
hem.Menal
socont
rol
women’
srepr
oduct
ivepower
.Inmanysoci
eti
eswomendonothav
ethe
powert
odeci
dehowmanychi
l
drent
heyshoul
dhav
e,whent
ohav
ethem orwhet
hert
heycan
usecont
racept
ionort
ermi
nat
epr
egnancy
.Accor
dingt
other
adi
calf
emi
nist
swomenar
emai
nly
subj
ugat
edbecauseoft
hisbur
denofchi
l
dbear
ingandr
ear
ing.Ther
eisahi
erar
chyi
nwhi
ch
mani
sconsi
der
edsuper
ioranddomi
nantwher
easwomani
sinf
eri
orandsubor
dinat
e.I
nfact
f
ami
l
ypl
aysani
mpor
tantr
olef
orsoci
ali
zi
ngt
henextgener
ati
oni
npat
ri
archalv
alues.I
tis
wi
thi
nthef
ami
l
ythatonel
ear
nst
hel
essonofdomi
nat
ion,humi
l
iat
ion,subor
dinat
ionand
di
scr
imi
nat
ion.

Publ
i
cpat
ri
archy
,ont
heot
herhand,i
sbasedonst
ruct
uresot
hert
hant
hehousehol
di.
e.i
nthe
publ
i
cspher
e.Mencont
rol
swomen’
slabourbot
hwi
thi
nandout
sidet
hehousehol
d.Theyf
orce
t
hei
rwoment
osel
lthei
rlabourort
heymayev
enpr
eventt
hem f
rom wor
king.Womenar
efor
ced
t
osel
lthei
rlabouratv
eryl
ow wages.Thust
hrought
hiscont
rolandexpl
oit
ati
onofwomen’
s
l
abourmen benef
itmat
eri
all
yfr
om pat
ri
archy
.Men al
so cont
rol
s women’
s mobi
l
ity
.The
i
mposi
ti
onofpar
da,l
i
mit
soni
nter
act
ionbet
weent
hesexesandsoonar
eal
limposedt
o
cont
rolwomen’
sfr
eedom andmobi
l
ity
.Rel
i
gionsal
sopl
aysani
mpor
tantr
olei
ndef
ini
ngmal
e
aut
hor
it
yassupr
eme.Al
mostev
erymaj
orr
eli
gionsconsi
der
swoment
obei
nfer
ior
,impur
e,
si
nful
.Theyhav
ebeencr
eat
ed,i
nter
pret
edandcont
rol
l
edbyuppercl
assanduppercl
assmen.
Theyhav
edef
inedmor
ali
ty,
ethi
csandev
enl
aiddownt
hedut
iesbet
weenmenandwomen.

Thel
egalsy
stem i
nmostcount
ri
esi
spat
ri
archal
.Lawsper
tai
ningt
omar
ri
age,di
vor
ceand
i
nher
it
ancear
ecl
osel
yli
nkedt
othepat
ri
archal
cont
rol
overpr
oper
ty.Forexampl
e,i
nSout
hAsi
a,
ev
eryl
egalsy
stem consi
der
smenast
heheadoft
hehousehol
d,t
henat
uralguar
dianoft
he
chi
l
drenandt
hei
nher
it
orofpr
oper
ty.Menal
socont
rol
stheeconomi
cinst
it
uti
ons,ownmost
pr
oper
tyanddet
ermi
net
hev
alueofdi
ff
erentpr
oduct
iveact
ivi
ti
esi
napat
ri
archalsoci
ety
.
Woment
houghconst
it
utehal
foft
hewor
ld’
slabourf
orce;
thei
rcont
ri
but
ioni
shar
dlyr
ecogni
zed
andv
alued.

Si
mil
arl
y,t
hepol
i
ticali
nst
it
uti
onsi
noursoci
etyatal
llev
elsf
orm Par
li
amentt
oPanchay
atsar
e
al
lmal
edomi
nat
ed.Womenar
emost
lyusedasv
otebankpol
i
tics.Onecoul
dseeonl
yahandf
ul
ofwomeni
npol
i
ticalpar
ti
esoror
gani
zat
ionwhi
chdeci
det
hef
ateofourcount
ri
es.Ev
ersi
nce
educat
ionbecamef
ormalandi
nst
it
uti
onal
i
zed,
menhav
eassumedcont
rolov
erwhol
ear
easof
knowl
edge,phi
l
osophy
,law,l
i
ter
atur
e,ar
ts,sci
ence.Thi
smal
ehegemonyhasmar
ginal
i
zed
women’
sknowl
edgeandexper
iences,
thei
rexper
ti
seandaspi
rat
ions.

Thust
hechar
act
eri
sti
cval
uesofpat
ri
archyar
eingr
ainedi
nsoci
ali
zat
ionpr
ocesst
hatst
art
s
f
orm chi
l
dhoodandi
srei
nfor
cedbyeducat
ion,l
i
ter
atur
e,r
eli
gion,andt
hel
i
ke.Menpossessa
gr
eat
erposi
ti
oni
nal
ldomai
nsofl
i
fe.Manhast
hepowerbecausehei
samanwhoi
sendowed
wi
thsomeGodgi
ft
edt
alent
sandqual
i
tiesf
armor
ethanpossessedbyawoman.Thegender
r
elat
ionsar
esost
ruct
uredt
hatawomanhast
odependonmanf
orsat
isf
yingherbasi
cneeds
andi
nthepr
ocesshast
oacceptherser
vit
ude.Thuspat
ri
archyi
snotonl
yther
uleofmal
eov
er
t
hesoci
ety
,butt
her
uleofmanov
erwoman.Andt
husgenderdi
scr
imi
nat
ionoccur
sduet
othe
pr
esenceoft
hesepat
ri
archal
val
uesi
noursoci
ety
.

CHECKYOURPROGRESS5

11) Whatar
ethet
wof
ormsofpat
ri
archy
?

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___
__
 _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

12) Whatdoy
oumeanbypat
ri
archal
modeofpr
oduct
ion?

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
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_

1.
7LETUSSUM UP

 Genderi
sthesoci
alconst
ruct
ionofmal
eandf
emal
eident
it
y.

 Genderv
ari
esi
ndi
ff
erentcul
tur
e.

 Ther
eisadi
ff
erencebet
weensexandgender
.

 Sexr
efer
stobi
ologi
calcl
assi
fi
cat
ionofpeopl
eandgenderr
efer
stosoci
alcl
assi
fi
cat
ionof
peopl
e.

 Thewor
dpat
ri
archyhasbeender
ivedf
rom t
heGr
eekwor
d‘pat
ri
archi
es’
.

 Pat
ri
archyl
i
ter
all
ymeanst
her
uleoft
hef
ather
.

 I
tisani
deol
ogyt
hroughwhi
chmendomi
nat
ewomen.

 Thenat
ureofpat
ri
archydi
ff
ersf
rom ont
hebasi
sofcul
tur
e,r
eli
gion,
communi
tyandr
egi
on,
t
houghi
tspr
inci
plesr
emai
nthesamei
.e.mani
sther
ulerandwomani
sther
uled.

 Ther
ear
etwof
ormsofpat
ri
archyi
e.Pr
ivat
epat
ri
archyt
hatoccur
sinpr
ivat
espher
eand
publ
i
cpat
ri
archyt
hatoccur
sinpubl
i
cdomai
ns.

 Thepat
ri
archalv
aluesar
etr
ansmi
tt
ed f
rom onegener
ati
on t
otheot
hert
hrough t
he
pr
ocessofsoci
ali
zat
ion.

 Genderdi
scr
imi
nat
ionoccur
sinoursoci
etybecauseoft
hepr
esenceofpat
ri
archal
val
ues.
1.
8FURTHERREADI
NGS

1) Ar
ora,N.
D.& Awast
hy,S.
S(2004)
:Pol
i
ticalTheor
y,New Del
hi:Har Anand
Publ
i
cat
ionsPv
t.Lt
d.

2) Bhasi
n,Kaml
a(2003)
:Under
standi
ngGender
,NewDel
hi:
Kal
iforWomen.

3) Bhasi
n,Kaml
a(1993)
:Whati
sPat
ri
archy
?NewDel
hi:
Kal
iforWomen.

1.
9ANSWERSTOCHECKYOURPROGRESS

Answert
oQNo1:
Genderi
sasoci
alconst
ruct
ionofmal
eandf
emal
eident
it
y.

Answert
oQNo2:
Genderi
sdy
nami
cnotst
ati
c.

Answert
oQNo3:Nogenderi
snotsameev
ery
wher
e.I
tdi
ff
ersf
rom cul
tur
etocul
tur
eandt
ime
t
oti
me.

Answert
oQNo4:
Nosexandgenderar
edi
ff
erent
.

Answert
o Q No 5:Sex i
s‘bi
ologi
calcl
assi
fi
cat
ion ofpeopl
e wher
eas genderi
s‘soci
al
cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofpeopl
e’
.

Answert
oQNo6:Gr
eekwor
d.

Answert
oQNo7:
Thewor
dPat
ri
archymeanst
her
uleofmal
e.

Answert
oQNo8:
Syl
biaWal
by.

Answert
o Q No 9:No pat
ri
archyi
snotsame ev
erysoci
ety
.The nat
ure ofcont
roland
subj
ugat
ionofwomeni
npat
ri
archalsoci
etydi
ff
ersf
rom soci
etyt
osoci
etyduet
ovar
ious
f
act
orssuchasr
ace,
cast
e,cl
asset
c.

Answert
oQ No10:I
tist
hemal
ewhocont
rol
sev
eryaspectofawoman’
sli
feandt
hus
exer
cisest
hemai
ncent
erofpoweri
napat
ri
archal
soci
ety
.

Answert
oQNo11:
Thet
wof
ormsofpat
ri
archyar
ePubl
i
cPat
ri
archyandPr
ivat
ePat
ri
archy
.

Answert
oQ No12:Wi
thi
nthehousehol
dwomenpr
ovi
deal
lki
ndsoff
reeser
vicet
othei
r
chi
l
dren,husbandandot
hermember
soft
hef
ami
l
y,t
hroughoutt
hei
rli
ves.Sy
lbi
aWal
bycal
l
s
t
hisa‘
pat
ri
archalmodeofpr
oduct
ion’
wher
ewomen’
slabouri
sexpr
opr
iat
edbyt
hei
rhusbands
andot
her
swhol
i
vet
her
e.

2.
0ANSWERSTOCHECKYOURPROGRESS

A)Ver
yShor
tQuest
ions

Q1:
Whati
stheGr
eekwor
dofPat
ri
archy
?

Q2:
Whosai
d“onei
snotbor
nawoman;
onebecomesawomen”
?

Q3:
Whor
egar
dsgenderasmat
terofcul
tur
e?

B)Shor
tQuest
ions:
(Answereachquest
ioni
n150wor
ds)

Q1:
Wri
tesomedi
ff
erencesbet
weensexandgender
.

Q2:
Whatdoy
oumeanbyPat
ri
archy
?

Q3:
Wri
teanot
eont
henat
ureofPat
ri
archy
.

C)LongQuest
ions:
(Answereachquest
ioni
n300-
500wor
ds)

Q1:
Discusst
het
wof
ormsofPat
ri
archy
.

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