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th e r e g io n R c ś y ś d g ı (y ) ś × ś g z (y )
e g ra lo f F (x y ) is th e
e in ı
do u b ı vo ı
um de ĥ c )w h e n
T hw th e e n ed as
h e fu n c tio fn v o v a r ia e s F (Ķ y ) is b o tm d e d b y
hı
If ı n o y c y d ;x gıly
F ( y )dx dy

r F(Ļ y ) ] th e n th e
ı n tm n e ń c a l v a lu e o f th e v o lu m e is ea ua l to v a lu e f th e
o
o fıh e re g io n k T h w \

rr dx dy
A Ĵ JK

门上 一

o l
◆,
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2 2 2 D o u e I n te g r a ı
bı s in P o a r C
ı o o r d iııa te s

(a ) W h e n th e r e g io ıı R is n c ta n gı
e a n d b o tı
r p a ir s o f lim its a r e c o n s ta n ts
a ś r ś b c śyś d
Ifth e fim c tio n o F tw o v a ria b le s F (Ķ y ) is b o u n d e d y y d

by x Ą x b ; y q y d th e n th e d o u b le 个 了 丁丁 ı
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To e v a lu a te th e in te g r a l w e fir s t in te g r a te w ith re s p e c t to r b e tw een

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r

b le s
f, (e ) a n d
o f fu n c t io n
r

e
fz (e ) k e e p in g e ĺ ix e d w h e r e
an d re s u ı
tin g fu nc tio n
r

is in te g r a te d
(e ) r
w ith
fz (e ) a r e
r e s p e c t to

(b ) W h e n th e r e g io n R ś b fı (x ś y ś fz
e fr o m e a to e P w h e re a an d P a r e c o n s ta n t s
a ś × ) ( )
x
]f lh e fu n c tio n f tw fı(x )
o o v a r ia b l s Ħ b ;y
y ) is b o un d e d by x Ą x
49
48

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冒 A T e x tb o o k o f E n 8 in e e r in
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pro of
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To r y e x te n d s fro
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 M u hc m tic s
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in th e v e rtic a l ? p o f w id th ? as y
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85
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,

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10 8 09
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 À T ￠\ ıb o o \ o l E n g in e e p in g A qa r h
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15 F in d th e e q u a tío n o f a p ı a n e th r o u h th e
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U U U
th e p o in ts (2 I 3) 5 4 5
1 F in d th e p o in t w h e r e th e lin e jo in in g ( 4 2 5)Q
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m an in e
Ĵ m n
17 P ro th a t th e p la n e t h r o u
2x + 4y z + l 0 ve
g h th e p o in t (a p Y)a n d th e lin e
3 S h o w th a t th e e q u a tio n o f th e s tra ig h t lin e th r o u g h (Ą b c ) p a ra lld
th e x a x is a r e y b z c

4 F in d th e e q u a tio n o f th e lin e th r o u g h th e p o in t ( 2 3 4 ) a n d pa
to th e p la n e s 2 x + 3 y + 4 z 5 an d 4 x + 3y + 5z 6
5 F in d th e e q u a tio n o f th e lin e th r o u g h ( 1 2 1 ) a n d p e r p e n d ic u la
12 0 6 8 B ha d r a B E I
, .ch o f th e Ii. . . Ťă = d ŝ ï Ŝ 18 O b ta in
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e
6 P ro ve th a t th e lin e s x ay + b z c y + a n x a
f tw
g g t e lin e o f in te r s e c tio n
o p la n e s 7 x
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19 F in d th e e u a ti
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7 F in d th e d is ta n c e f th e p o in t (3 , 4 5 ) fr o th e p la n e 2 x + 5 y 6z 3x 4y + 5z
o m 6 0 a n d p a r a lle l to th
e c o o r d in a te ax es
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8 F in d th e im f th e p o in t (2 ,
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e
p o in ts (! o 1) an d
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9 F in d th e d is ta n c e f th e p o in t (1 p a r a lle l to th e ı
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f in te r s e c tio n o f tw o pı
an es o f (2 ) is
H en c e th e c o o rd in a te o f th e lin e o

H e n c e th e c o o r d in a te o f p o in t o f is (3 1 2)

i t r s e c tio n o f th e se hto
L e t ım b e d ire c tio n s c o s in e s o f th e lin e o f n e
n
i to th e ir p ı a n es or
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l i
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i t

3 1 + 2 m + 5n O ' s h o w th a t th e ı
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21+ n O c o p la n a r F in d th e ir p o in t f in te rs e c tio
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A y p o in t o f this tin e is P (8 r o f th e
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s D e

(3)o n a n e (5 )
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i e (3 ) a n d p e r p e n d
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fr o m th e p o in t (0 0 0 ) o f a x is o n th e
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IO x 2 9y óz
ı O
T h e e q u a tio n of a p la n e th ro u g h th e lin e (2 ) is
Ex e rc is e 11
6x + 8y + 3z 13 + k (x + 2y + z 3) O

or
F in d the m a g n itu d e a n
It is p a p e n d i◆ ı
ar to (5 ) if
d th e e q u a t io n o f th e lin e f S
o D b e tw een th e

(6 + k ) 17 + (8 + 2 k )2 + ( k)3+ 7 0

k 9]4 2 F in d the S
D b e tw e e n th e U U
lin e s
3 1 an d
1
S u b s titu tin g th is Io (6 ) w e g et
13 x + 82 y + 55 z
H e n ce th e e q u a tio n s o f th e lil

ı4 8
ı4 9

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 to m e y
rr
G
S o lid
na l
ıs:io
tr t
D in
*rf l
ı

a n d w ho s e ra d iìıs is r

m tł

a x is o f th e c y lin d e r is
H e æ th e

g=
n e d ire c tio n ra tio s o f th e lin e (H are

T he dir e a io n c o s in e s o f th e lin e (1) a re

A po in to n th e lin e (1) is A (a P 7 ) L e t
, z )be an y p o in t o n th e c y lin d e r
So AP V (x a )
2
+ W Þ)
2
+ ( z vY
D ra w P M e r n d i
p pe c u la r to th e a x is
A M
Then P M r an d

AM
P ro je c tio n
=
o fA P A M
on (a x is )

Fm
￠F + m ' +
m the r ight a n le t
g r ia n g le p A M
(A P )2 (A M 2 +
) (P M )2
[(x a ) {
ļ y ßy + (Z ? )2]
This ı
i s re
qu ire d e
q u a tio n o f r jg h t c i
n ţ◆a r c ı
y in de r

19 4
盞 19 5

自
：
.

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 Ą T
ex ıb
.
0 o FE
an d n

Pro
p e r 3

7 .

Pro oí

!t °' " h at i' P e r e n d i

p . " ' " b o th
to .
0

.,
.X ( . N.[]
】
an d 3
X C
'
i'

H 了百了】? 了了)
en ce d ( . z w h e re d is 【
.

a sc a ı
T a k in g sc a ı
ar p ro d u c t o f
ar
[
o n b o th s id e s

o r
' '

[a b ] proper p 5

Th u s
・
v e c to r tr ia d
Ţ he o rtho n o rïn a ı 了T ) i s its e lí ・e c ip r o ca ı

'' T 7 7 ' '

7 k k
s im ila r ly , w e can e as ily sho w th a t
pï oo í
W e hav e
?

P ro p e rly 4
げ了k ] 了了 ・ k 万
d【 Ë 1 a re rec p
Ĥ
iro° \ sį m t T Iı
ı 了 了] 了
' '
' ×

The sc a la r tr ip le p ro du ct 【 ・・
,
J d

n
i
an
[i j k ] T 了 K
'
了 T
[ '】
'
.
b
T
,
d ie
'
c o n n e c te

P ro o í 1 289
288
P

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 r ie s
f E n g in e e r in g M tlıe m a ttc s e Se
iı
A T e x tb o o k
a
o Jł d ìrı
ł

\im f (x ) d x } b y th e in te 8 ra ıW
T h e r e fo r e
9o
the g iv a w ie s is
争 00
n

Iim ent
oo
d iv e r g
n >

A ı
te m a tin g S e ń es
64
ho se te r m s a r e alternatively p o s itiv e and ı
ıe ga i? e b a lle d a n
ı
s e r ie
s w
A
s e r ie s
alternating
im
ı
n > oo
LŜ ( x + n
3 /2
Ŝ .
'"

. ļ3 ļ4 . Is an exam p le o f a h e m a tin g s c t i«
2
2 lim
3 n >
(n + l ş .
ĝ 1 .
L e ib n itz T e st

The o r e m
s e r ie s u i u 2 + o4 + M m ie p g e s if\ ś *
th e g iv e n s e r ie s is d iv e rg e n t T he a lte r n a t in g o3 r
ï (x )d x > oo
n > oD

d iv e rg e n c e o f th e s e r ie s
Ex 3 T e s t th e c o n v e r g e n c e o r

s e r ie s is o sc illa to r y
J 、 三 佷 、 、
P ro o í
u tio n
so ı is
G iv e n s e r ie s

G e n e ra ıte r m o f th e s e r ie s is

f (n ) (2 n i
l 2n 2 (2 n 1)
im
ı u .
by d 0
R epı
a c in g n × fo r X 1 w e ge t an
n > co

ū
p a r tia l s u
m
f (x ) C o n s id e r th e n
U
S Ur
S, U l
N ow 54 01 uz + U3 uł

53 U l u 2z + U 3
U
+ U3 U + U?
S¿ Ul U ı

+ U3 U 4 + U5
55 U 1 u
ar d so o n

th a t ) (U u s)
It fo llo w s
S. u l (U ı u3

a ird
55 54 + U5

上行m u 3) (w u s ) u ın < u ı
ı
o g (2 n 1) " In g e n e ra ı a ï 1d
s» u ı (u
4 n oo + u ,

U ) ı
iın
ı S) +
> Æ
n
lim S zn t n 4
ao

> m
n 407
406
■国虹

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