Come estrarre file .

xz su Linux – CenOS / Ubuntu / Debian

Come posso estrarre .tar.xz o .xz file sul mio sistema Linux ?. xz è un programma di
compressione senza perdita di dati e un formato di file che incorpora gli algoritmi di
compressione LZMA/LZMA2. Il formato XZ è un formato di compressione a file singolo
e non offre capacità di archiviazione.

In questa guida vedremo come estrarre file .xz su Linux. Il processo includerà

l'installazione delle utilità necessarie e ne dimostrerà l'utilizzo con un esempio.

Per estrarre i file .xz su Linux – CenOS / Ubuntu, abbiamo bisogno di un pacchetto xz-
utils installato sul sistema su cui stiamo lavorando. Vedere l'installazione di seguito.

Installa il pacchetto xz-utils su CentOS / Ubuntu / Debian

Installa il pacchetto xz-utils utilizzando il gestore di pacchetti pertinente per il tuo
Linux e il nome del pacchetto corrispondente.

--- Ubuntu / Debian ----

$ sudo apt-get install xz-utils

--- CentOS / Fedora / RHEL ---

$ yum install xz

Estrai file .xz su Linux

Dopo l'installazione del pacchetto, estrai il file utilizzando il comando:

$ unxz file.xz
o --decompress opzione di  xz:

$ xz --decompress file.xz

Ecco le opzioni supportate.

Usage: unxz [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or decompress FILEs in the .xz format.

-z, --compress force compression

-d, --decompress, --uncompress
force decompression
-t, --test test compressed file integrity
-l, --list list information about .xz files
-k, --keep keep (don't delete) input files
-f, --force force overwrite of output file and (de)compress
links
-c, --stdout, --to-stdout
write to standard output and don't delete input
files
-0 ... -9 compression preset; default is 6; take compressor
*and*
decompressor memory usage into account before
using 7-9!
-e, --extreme try to improve compression ratio by using more CPU
time;
does not affect decompressor memory requirements
-T, --threads=NUM use at most NUM threads; the default is 1; set to
0
to use as many threads as there are processor
cores
-q, --quiet suppress warnings; specify twice to suppress
errors too
-v, --verbose be verbose; specify twice for even more verbose
-h, --help display this short help and exit
-H, --long-help display the long help (lists also the advanced
options)
-V, --version display the version number and exit
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Nel mio caso, ho un file fedora-coreos-30.20190725.0-openstack.qcow2.xz. Per

estrarlo, userò:

$ unxz -v fedora-coreos-30.20190725.0-openstack.qcow2.xz

fedora-coreos-30.20190725.0-openstack.qcow2.xz (1/1)

100 % 399.9 MiB / 1,555.3 MiB = 0.257 85 MiB/s 0:18

Il file .xz viene automaticamente eliminato dopo la decompressione.

Enigma2 Box Telnet Commands

To get the full potential out of your Enigma2 satellite box you need to learn how to access it remotely
through telnet. I am going to share with you 50 most popular Enigma2 box telnet commands you can
use when playing with your satellite box. Regardless of your box model or the image you use and as
long as your satellite receiver is Enigma2 based you can use them to get more control. They can be
very handy when things gone wrong or if you’re away and want to make some changes in your box.
How to connect to your box?
I am going to explain how to use PuTTy for anyone who has never done that before. Any PRO reader,
please jump to the next section. Newbies stay with me. Let’s begin! The easiest way to connect to your
box is to download telnet client, I am using PuTTy. This is very simple and easy to use telnet client and
you can download it from here, Once you downloaded and installed PuTTy on your pc or laptop open
it up and you should see window(you might be asked to run it as admin first on some machines) like
the one below.

Just put your box IP on the Host Name field and set Connection Type to Telnet and you’re done. Click
Open and you should see PuTTy telnet window like the one below. 
To connect to your box you just need to enter your login which in most cases is root and by default
there is no password. If you want to setup one you can do that, just scroll down the page and use one
of the commands below. This is how your telnet window should look after you’ve logged in.
Telnet Commands for Your Enigma2 Box
Update/Upgrade/Download/Install Commands

 opkg update (short for Open PacKaGe Management) – this command will update the image
feeds located in /etc/opkg/ (to make sure just check the path to your opkg folder) Basically,
what the command does is to check and let your image know that the updates are there ready
to be installed.
 opkg upgrade – this command updates the image and/or plugins that were identified by the
above opkg update command. When using these commands it is recommended to first put the
enigma2 into a sleeping mode so that any changes that are made have less risk of becoming
corrupted as this may happen when being updated in a running state.
 opkg list-upgradable – allows you to check what is available to update on the image (same
as opkg update)
 opkg download – allows you to download plugins directly from the images own feeds in a
installable .ipk format to the /home/root/ directory of your receiver.

Example usage:

 opkg download  enigma2-plugin-extensions-backupsuite

 opkg download  enigma2-plugin-systemplugins-autobouquetsmaker

 opkg install – allows you to install plugins directly from the image feeds.

Example usage:

 opkg install  enigma2-plugin-systemplugins-autobouquetsmaker

 opkg install  enigma2-plugin-extensions-backupsuite
 opkg remove package – this command removes packages (replace “package” with package
name).

Now I will share some other commands that I use very often along with a brief description of what the
commands do. Most if not all commands work the same across all images:
Init codes

 init 1 – stops Enigma2 and network.

 init 3 – wakes Enigma2 from a sleeping state / GUI restart.
 init 4 – kill enigma / puts enigma into sleep mode allowing you to edit or modify files that
otherwise would corrupt or become damages if edited while live.
 init 6 – full reboot.
Other Enigma2 Commands

 grab -o -p /tmp/filename.png – very useful command, grabs the osd screenshot of your box
and saves it in /temp/. Replace “filename.png” with the name you want to use for the
screenshot.
 grab -d -p /tmp/filename.png – the same except it grabs the channel too.
 shutdown -r now – the same as the above init 6 command.
 shutdown -h now – full shutdown.
 lsusb – lists all attached USB devices.
 df -h – checks memory and storage stats.
 nmap -sp 192.168.1.0/24 – allows you to map your local network (change the IP address for
mapping your own network).
 cat /proc/meminfo – memory info.
 killall -9 enigma2 – If your box freezes for some reasons, this will restart Enigma2 for you.

Standard Linux Telnet Commands list

 top – this commands will give you current stats of your memory, cpu, program usage.
 find – this command will find a file or folder within your dreambox directory structure.
 rm – remove command will remove files normally followed by -rf for a complete removal from
the system.
 df – will show you the file system and the file system setup.
 free – this command shows you the memory usage on your dreambox.
 date – shows you the time and date on your dreambox.
 unzip – this command will unzip files to a location of your choice. IE (unzip -
o /tmp/Latest.zip /media/hdd/latest) that would take a file in the tmp folder and unzip it
into /media/hdd/latest.
 tar – roughly is the same as unzip and zip but for tarball files.
 gzip – for zipping and unzipping gz files.
 cp – the copy command, this will copy a file from one location to another.
 mkdir – this command will make a directory of your choice.
 uname – usually followed by -a will tell you what operating system you are using, very useful
command for checking what box you are using and build times etc!
 ls – this is the list command will list the contents of a directory.
 which – nice command to find the location of a program.
 chmod/chown/adduser/deluser/ – these are all user and group management commands…
there are a few more but these are the obvious ones.

Advanced Commands

 ipkg-build – this command will build you a plugin once you have wrote the plugin in correctly
written bash.
 ipkg-unbuild -this command will unbuild a plugin see above (these two commands may not
work on all boxes – I am going to make separate post about plugin building, so stay in touch).
 dmesg – used with (dmesg | more) is a very powerful and first call diagnostic tool in linux.
 grep – put this in here as its probably the most used command in linux and very powerful for
searching files and listing information in order.
 wget – by far my favorite command on linux platforms and so underrated, I can do with this
command things that people would not believe, however its main use is for getting
information/files/ from another location on the internet or lan.
 enigma2 – this is the base command for enigma2 boxes, only use this command if you know
what you are doing… a useful command for use is (enigma –help-all)