HmKm-\nIv kwbp--

\ma-I-c-Whpw sFtkm-sa-dn-khpw

2.

Xmsg Xn-cn-phsb GI _\w Dh alkaneZyn_-\w Dh

alkene {Xn_-\w Dh alkyne Fn-s\ Xcw Xncn-p-I.
C4H10, C2H4, C2H2, C3H8,C3H4, C3H6
alkanes
C4H10, C3H8
alkenes
C2H4, C3H6
alkynes
C2H2, C3H4
Xmsg Xn-cn-p sslt{Um-Im_-Wp-I-fpsS I- UPAC \maw Fgp-Xp-I.

1.
2.
3.

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH2
CH=C-CH2-CH3

3.

Bs-bv\p-If
- p-sSbpw Bo-\p-If
- p-sSbpw Bss-\p-If
- p-sSbpw s]mXp
hmIyw \nt-in-p-I. 1. CnH2n+2
2.
CnH2n 3.
CnH2n-2

4.

tlma-tem-Kkv koco-knse AwK-n-Sb

- nse `uXnI KpW-fpw cmk KpWfpw {]Zin-n-p hn[w F-s\.
cmk KpW--fnse kam-\-X, `uXnI KpW--fn {Ia-amb amw

5.

\ma IcWw sNp-I.

a.
CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3
CH3.
CH3
b.
CH3 - C - CH3
CH3
c.
CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3
CH3 - CH2 - CH3
d.
CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
CH2 - CH3
e.
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
CH3 CH3
f.
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
g.
CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3
CH3

1.

s]sbv
s{]mo
_yqss

2- aossY _yqsbv

2,2- ssUao-ssY s{]msbv

3- CussY slIvsk-bn
3- aossY slIvk-bn
2,3- ssUao-ssY _yqsbv
2,4 ssUao-ssY slIvsk-bn
2,2,4 ss{Sao-sYbv s]sbv

6.

7.

8.

Bo-\p-Isf \maIcWw sNp-I.

A.

CH3 - CH2 - CH = CH - CH3

s] v 2 Cu

B.

CH3- CH2- CH2- CH = CH2

s] v 1 Cu

C.

CH3- CH = CH - CH3

_yqv 2 Cu

Xmsg Xn-cn-p Bss-\p-Isf \ma-I-cWw sNp-I.

a.

CH3 - CH2 - C = C - CH3

s] v2 sF

b.

CH3 - CH2 - C = CH

_yqv 1 sF

c.

CH3 - C = C - CH3

_yqv 2 sF

^Mvj-W {Kqp-I Fm-se-v. {]m[m\ysav.

sslt{Um Im_-Wnse H2B-n\p ]Icw hcp B-tfm Bw {KqpItfm / kwbp-vX-ns cmk `uXnI KpW- ^Mvj-W {Kqns\ B{i-bn-ncn-p-p.
9.

^Mvj-W {Kqns kw-bp-vX-ns s]mXp-hmb t]sc-gp-Xmw.

a.

10.

O
- C - 0H
a.
O
- C - H
a.
O
- C t]sc-gp-XpI

.
a.
b.

Imt_m-Ivkn-enIv Bkn-Up-I

BUn-ssl-Up-I

Iotm-Wp-I

Cl Cl
CH3 - C - CH - CH3
Cl
CH3 - CH - CH - CH3CH3 Cl

2,2,3 ss{Stm-tdm-_yq-sbv
2tm-tdm 3 aossY _yqsbv

c.

11.

12.

d.

CH3 - CH2 - CH - CH3

_yqm2 Hm
0H
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - 0H
_yqm1 Hm

e.

CH3 - COOH

FYt\m-bnIv BknUv

f.

H - COOH

saY-t\m-bnIv BknUv

t]sc-gp-XpI
a.

CH3-CH2-O-CH3

aotYmIvkn Cus^bv

b.

CH3-O-CH2-CH2-CH3

aotYmIvkn s{]msbv

Xmsg sImSp-n-phbn \npw s]mkn-j sFtkm-a-dp-I Is--p-I.

a.
CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
b.
c.
d.
e.

CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl
CH3-CH-CH3
OH
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
Cl
Ans: (14), (25), (36).
f.

13.
Xmsg Xn-cn-p--h-bn sFtkm-a tPmUn-I GsXm-s-bm-Wv. GXn\pw
sFtkm-a-dp-I-fm-Wv.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

CH3-O-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-Cl
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
CH3-CH-CH3
OH
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
CH3-CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH-CH3
Cl

aotYmIvkn CusYbv
slIvsk-bn
1 tmsdm _yqsbv
s{]mm 1 Hm
s{]mm 2 Hm
2,3 ssUao-ssY _yqsbv
2 aoss^ s]sbv
2 tmtdm _yqsbv

Ans: (1-4), (3-8), (4-5), (2-7), (1-5), (2-6).

(1-4)
(3-8)
(4-5)
(2-7)
(1-5)
(2-6)

^Mvj-W {Kqv sFtkm-sa-dnkw

s]mkn-j sFtkm-sa-dnkw
s]mkn-j sFtkm-sa-dnkw
sNbn sFtkm-sa-dnkw
^Mvj-W {Kqv sFtkm-sa-dnkw
sNbn sFtkm-sa-dnkw

CHAPTER -7
1.

HmKm-\nIv kwbp-- cmk {]h-\-

HmKm-\nIv
kwbp--

>CH2CL+HCL
BtZi cmk {]h\wCH4+Cl2
AUo-j {]h\w CH2=CH2+H2 >CH3-CH3
Pze\w
CH4+202
>CO2+2H20
>[CH2-CH]2n
t]mfn assd-tk-j
nCH2=CH2
>C2H6+C4H8
Xm]ob hnLv\w
C6H14

]qcnX sslt{Um Im_-Wp-I BtZi cmk {]h-\--fn Gs-Sp-tm

AXnse ssl{UP B- Lw L-ambn BtZiw sN-s-Sp-p.
sslt{Um Im_-Wp-I-fpsS Pze\ ^e-ambn H2O DwCO2 Dw D- m - I p- p.
B-tlm + BknUv
>
F + Pew.
heb kwbp-- Ben ssknIv Btcm amnIv Fo hn`m-K--fn s]Sp-p.
ssktm slIvskbv ssktm _yqsbv Fnh Ben ssknv kwbp--fm-Wv.
s_\ko, ^ot\m Fnh Btcm-am-nIv kwbp---fm-Wv.
HmKm-\nIv kwbp--
cmk {]h-\-
Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-phbn cs-w H2SO4s kmn-[y-n {]hn-t- m
kpK- - a p D- - a p- - m - b n.
C12H22O11, CH3CH2OH, CH3-O-CH3, CH3COOH
a.
b.
c.
d.

Ch-bn kpK--ap D--ap--m-nb kwbp-- Gh.

Cu {]h-\-ns cmk ka-hmIyw Fgp-Xp-I.
A`n-Im-c--fpsS IUPAC \maw Fgp-Xp-I.
D-mb D--ns kpK--ap s]mXp-hmb t]cv Fv.

Answers:

a.
b.
c.
d.

CH3CH2OH, CH3COOH
CH3 COOH + HOCH2CH3
CH3 COOH-FYt\m
F-dp-I

>CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O

2.

DNn- X - a mb tPmUn- I Is- n Fgp- X p- I .

A_vkeyqv B-tlm
hmjv
sdIvSn-ss^Uv kv]ncnv
]h B-tlm
Uot\-tUv kv]ncnv

saYt\m Ie FYt\m
B-tlmfpw s]t{Smfpw Ie an{in-Xw.
100 % B-tlm
95.6 % FY-t\m
8-10 %FYt\m emb-\n.

Dcw
A_vkeyqv B-tlm
hmjv
sdIvSn-ss^Uv kv]ncnv
]h B-tlm
Uot\-tUv kv]ncnv

100 % B-tlm
810 % FY-t\m emb\n
95.6 % FYt\m
B-tlmfpw s]t{Smfpw Ie an{inXw
saY-t\m Ie FY-t\m

3.

]-kmc emb\n-bpsS s^a-t-j hgn e`n-p B-tlm GXv.

FY-t\m (CH3 CH2OH)

4.

tbmPn-nh {_m-n \npw sXc-s-Spv Fgp-Xp-I

5.

(hn\m-Kn-cn, tjy Ak-n-m-kn-Uv, FY-t\m-bn-m-kn-Uv.)

58 % KmU-X-bp Ak-n-m-knUv
Ak-n-m-knUv
100 Ak-n-m-knUv
hn\m-Kncn
FY-t\-bn-m-knUv
tjy Ak-n-m-knUv
AUo-j {]h-\-hp-ambn _-sv Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p ka-hm-Iy ]qo-I-cn-p-I.
CH2=CH2+Cl2
CH2=CH+H2
CH=CH+H2
CH2+CH2+HCl

Q6.

>
>
>
>

CH2Cl-CH2Cl
CH3-CH3
CH2=CH2
CH3-CHCl

CH4+Cl2
>
CH3Cl+HCl
CH3-CH3+Cl2-CH3-CH2Cl+HCL

Cu c-p cmk {]h-\--fnepw A`n-Im-cI--fmb .sslt{Um Im_-Wp-I Gh.

Ccw cmk {]h-\- Adn-b-s-Sp--sX--s\.
Ans. a.
b.
7.

CH4, CH3-CH3
BtZi cmk {]h-\-

ChtSmkv
C12H22O11
>

C6H12O6
qtmkv

C6H12O6
{^IvtSmkv

2C2H5OH

2CO2

ssktakv
C6H12O6
a.
b.

Cu cmk {]h-\- GXv t]cn

Cu {]h- \ - n \pcbpw ]Xbpw D- m - I p- - s X- p- s Im- - v .

Ans. a.
b.
8.

>

s^sa-t-j
Co2 hmXIw ]pdp hcpXn\m

Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p ]{X hm hmbnv tNmZy-v D-c-sa-gp-Xp-I.

_wKm-fn hnjaZy Zpcw
n\n-n Bh-iy-n-\p Uot\-tkv kv]ncnv Ign--XmWv Imc-Ww.

a.

GXv cmk ]Zm-ns kmn-[y-amWv Uot\-tkv kv]ncn-ns\ A]-I-SIm-cn-bm-p--Xv.

b.
Uot\-tkv sNp--sX-n-\m-Wv.
Ans. saY-t\m
b.
aZy-]m-\-n\p th-n FY-t\m Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-Xn-cn-m AXn hnj]-Zm-amb saY-t\m Iep-p.
a.hmbp-hns Akm-n-[y-n sslt{Um Im_-Wp-I NqSm-n-bm Fp
kw`-hn-pw.
Ans. Xm{Xm `mcw IqSp-X-ep sslt{Um Im_-Wp-I hmbp-hns Akm-n-[yn NqSm-p-tm Ah Xm{Xm `mcw Ipd Xm-{X-I-fmbn hnL-Sn-pp.
b.
Ccw {]hr-\w GXv t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.
Ans. Xm]ob hnL-S\w
c.
DZm-l-c-Ww tcJ-s-Sp-p-I.
9.

Ans. slIvskbv Xm] hnL-S-\-n\v hnt[-b-ambn CusYbv _yqo Fnh

D-m-Ip-p.
10.
as-, Uok, Fn-hsb s]t{Sm Bn amp {]h\w GXv.
Ans Xm]ob hnL-S\w
1.
sslt{Sm Im_-Wp-I hmbp-hn Pyen-p-tm-gp--m-Ip DXv-- Gh.
Ans Im_ ssktbm-Ivssk-Uv, Pew.
12.
aosYbvs Pze-\-hp-ambn _-s sImSp-n-cn-p ka-hmIyw ]qo-Icn-p-I
>
(a) +
(b)
CH4 + 202
Ans. (a) CO2
(b) 2H2O
13.

CuYo t]mfn sassd-tk-j\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-tm e`n-p DXv--ta-Xv.

CXns km[m-cW \maw Fgp-Xp-I.
t]mfn CuYo. CXv t]mfn-o F-dn-b-s-Sp-p.

14.

DX Xm] \ne, aw
>
nCH2 = CH
Cl
Dt{]-cIw

a.
b.
Ans. a.
b.

CH2 - CH
Cl

Cu cmk {]h\w GXv t]cn Adn-b-s-Sp-p.

ChnsS e`n D--ta-Xv.
t]mfn sassd-tk-j.
t]mfn hnss\ tmssd-Uv.

15.

kt^m-Wn-m-kn-Uns eh-W-amb Cu ]Zmw ITn\ Pe-n tkmnt\-m ^e-{]-Z-am-Wv. GXmWv Cu ]Zmw.

Ans UnP v.
16.

Btcm-am-nIv kw-bp-
- f
- n {][m-\s
- Hns Xm{Xm LS\ Xmsg sImSpn-cn-p-p.
Cu kwbpw GXv.

s_ko(C6H6)
17.

Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p F \nn-m-\m-h-iy-amb kwbp-- GsXm-am-Wv.

a.
CussY s{]m-t\m-tb-v.
Ans b.
FY-t\m, s{]m-t\m-bn-m-knUv

CHAPTER .8
1.

ck-X{w \nXy Pohn-X-n

Hmt- Bi- b -

A\mP-knIvkv Huj-[-
Bn ss]d-nIvkv Huj-[-
Bo _tbm-nIv Huj-[-
Am-kn-Up-I
t_m\UnIvSv emb\n
sXtam-m-kvn-p-I
ssPh IoS-\m-in-\n-I
cmk IoS-\m-in-\n-I
H]vnIv mv
tk^vn mv
p-p.

thZ\ Ipd-bvp-p.
icoc Xm]-\ne Ipd-bvp-p.
tcmK-Im-c-I--fmb kqvam-Wp-sf \in-np-p.
Akn-Unn Ipd-bvp-p.
qtm- k ns kmnyw Is- - n- p- Xn\v
t_-sse-v, sSdn-eo, bqdnb t^mam
Uossl-Uv.
]pI-bne Ijmbw shfp-pn Ijmbw
FtUm-k^m, ame-n-tbm.,Un.-Un.-n
sekv, {]nkw Ch \nn-m
hml-\--fn hnUv joUmbn D]-tbm-Kn-

ckX{w \nXy Pohn-X-n

1.

4 Ak--ao-tUm-^o-t\m F cmk ]Zmw AS-n-bn-p Huj[w Xmsg

sImSp-n-cn-p--Xn GXm-Wv.
Dcw :
Bkv]n-cn, ]mc-sk-m-tam,
]mc-sk-m-tam.
2.

Akn-Unn Ipd-bvp-hm D]-tbm-Kn-p Huj[w Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p-h-bn GXv hn`m-K-n s]Sp-p.

Dcw :
Bo-sk-]vn-p-I, Am-kn-Up-I, Bo _tbm-n-p-I
Am-kn-Up-I.
3.

acp-p-I D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn \psS kaq-l-n \ne-\np GsXnepw aqv A\m-tcmKy {]h-W-X-I Fgp-Xp-I.
Dcw :
kzbw NnIn
emt`--tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp CS-s]-S-ep-I.
Huj-[--fpsS hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-amb D]-tbm-Kw.
4.
aq{X-nse qtm-kns kmn[yw Is--m klm-bn-p emb\n GXv.
Dcw :
_\-UnIvSv emb-\n.
5.

sXtam mn-p-I sXtam sknwKv mn-p-It- f-m ]cn-n-Xnv A\ptbm- P y- a m- W v . Fp sIm- v .

Dcw :
sXtam mn-p-I dossk-n sNbvXv D]-tbm-Kn-m Ign-bp-Xp
sIm-v Ch ]cn-n-Xnv A\p-tbm-Py-am-Wv.
6.

Xmsg ]d-bp--hsb sXtam mnIv sXtam sknwKv mnIv Fv thXncnsgp-Xp-I.t]mfn-m, t_-sse-v, bqdnb t^mamUo-ssl-Uv, sSdn-en, ss\tem,
t]mfn-ss-dn.
Dcw :
sXtam-m-n-Iv t]mfn-o, ss\tem, t]mfn-ss-do.
sXtam-sk-wKv mn-Iv t_-sse-v, sSdn-eo,bqdn-b,t^mamUo-ssl-Uv.
7.
NqSm-p-tm cmk amw kw`-hn-p mnIv GXv.
-Dcw :
sXtam mnIv sXtam sknwKv mn-Iv.
sXtam-sk-nwKv mn-Iv.

8.

cmkIoS-\m-in\n {]tbmKw sIm-p KpW-fpw tZmj-fpw ]n-I-s-Sp-pI.

Dcw :
KpW-
IoS \nb-{Ww ^e-{]-Z-ambn \S-mw.
e`yX IqSp-X
Xm-dm-p-hm kuI-cyw.
tZmj-
an{X IoS--fpsS \miw.
Pe aen-\o-I-c-Ww.
tcmK-
sNdp Pohn-I-fpsS \miw.(-D-Zm. Xh-f).
9.

sInS \nmW sXmgn-em-fn-I kna v D]-tbm-Kn-p {]h-\- sNptm Xmsg ]d-bp Imcy- {in-m-dp--v.

Dcw :
ssI Imep-I-fn mnIv/ d_ Dd D]-tbm-Kn-p-p.
s]mn kna v ]mbvv A[nI kabw Xpdp hbvm-dn-.
knans sknwKv {]h-\-hp-ambn _-s-Spn Imc-W- Is--pI.
knans Pe-hp-am-bp {]h\w Xm]-tam-N-I-am-Wv.
kna v ]mbvv s]mnp Ign-m A-co-
- nse Cu-hp-ambn tbmPnv
skw-Kn\v hnt[-b-am-Ip-p.
10.
knans sknwKv kabw \nb-{n-p-hm AXn tNp ]Zmw GXv.
Dcw :
Pn]vkw
11.
tbmPn-h t_mIvkn \npw sXc--Sp-s-gp-Xp-I.
Dcw :
tkmUm mv, lmUv mv, Hm]vnIv mv, t_mtdm-kn-en-tv mv.
a.
et_m-d-dn D]-I-c-W- \nn-m
b.
sekp-I, {]nk-, Fnh \nn-m
c.
ASp-f C]-I-c-W- \nn-m
Ans. a.
t_mtdm-kn-en-tv mv.
b.
Hm]vnIv mv
c.
lmUv mv

12.

mn\v \ndw \Ip Nne ]Zm- Xmsg sImSp-n-cn-p-p. Ah

\Ip \ndw tcJ-s-Sp-p-I.
Dcw :
Ab HmIvssk-Uv, tIm HmIvssk-Uv.
sIm_mv HmIvssk-Uv.
Ab HmIvssk-Uv
Nphv
tIm HmIvssk-Uv.
]
sIm_mv HmIvssk-Uv.
\oe
13.
Dcp-n-t\mfw _e-ap mv GXv.
Dcw :
ss^_mv
14.

t\ teml kpjn-c--fn-eqsS Dcp-Inb mv ISn hnv \mcp-I-fmn amn

\nn-s-Sp-p mv GXv.
Dcw :
ss^_ mv.
15.

mv tp-In-S-bn mnIv jopI hv sNdnb a-n NqSmn

\nn-p mv GXv.
Dcw :
tk^vn mv
16.

hml-\--fnepw hnam-\--fnepw hnUv mmbn D]-tbm-Kn-p mns

t]sc-gp-Xp-I.
Dcw :
tk^vSn mv.