F{km

474
 475

F{km

BapJw

“Hcp Bap-JØ - n-t‚-Xmb Bh-iy-IX - s- bm-∂p-an-√mØ hfsc efn-Xa - mb Hcp ]pkvX-

I-amWv F{km-bpsS ]pkvXI - w.... blqZ Ncn-{X-Ønse hf-sc-{]-[m-\s - ∏´ Hcp kw`-
h-am-b, ssZh-P\
- Ø
- ns‚ _m_n-temWy {]hm-kØ - n¬ \n∂p-ff aS-ßn-hc - hv kw_-
‘n-®p-ff hy‡hpw t\cmw-hÆ - h- p-ap-ff Hcp hnh-cW - a- mWv CXv.... [¿tΩm-]t- Z-i]
- c
- -
amb ]Tn-∏n-°-ep-Iƒ CXn¬ hf-sc-Ip-d-®p-am-{Xta ImWp-∂p-ffp: teJ-I≥ kz¥w
Ncn{Xw X\n°p Ign-bp∂ coXn-bn¬ hfsc efn-X-ambn hnh-cn-®p-sIm-≠v, AXns‚
KpW-]mTw ]Tn-∏n-°p-hm≥ B Ncn{Xw Xs∂ hn´p-X∂ - mWv”.
- n-cn-°p-Ib
˛tPm¿÷v tdmen≥k¨

I. Imt\m-\nse AXp-ey-ÿm\w II. {KŸI¿ØrXzw

Hcp Ime-L´- Ø
- n¬ F{kmbpw s\l-aymhpw F{_mb Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-XnbXmcm-sW∂v hy‡-amb Adn-
thZ-]p-kvXI- Ø
- n¬ H‰-]p-kvXI
- a- m-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hn-s√-¶nepw ssZh-\n-izm-ko-b-amb Cu kam-l-c-W-
(B-[p-\nI thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn-te-Xp-t]mse) ap≥Ime-L- Ønse teJ-Is‚ Hm¿Ω-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw (7:27-˛9:15 ImWp-
´-ßf
- n¬ AXv sht∆sd ]pkvXI - ß - f- m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂X
- n¬ I), hwim-h-en-Ifpw, tcJ-Ifpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv CXv
kwi-b-an-√, ImcWw F{km. 2˛mw A≤ym-bhpw s\l- F{km-bp-tS-Xm-sW-∂m-Wv. HutZym-KnI tcJ-Iƒ Acm-
aymhv 7˛mw A≤ym-bhpw ^e-Øn¬ H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ay-`m-j-bn-em-sW-∂p-f-f-Xp-Xs∂ bp‡n°p A\p-k-cn-
AØ-cs - amcp Bh¿Ø\w Hcp ]pkvXI - Ø- n¬ Hcn-°epw ®p≈ aXn-bmb sXfn-hmWv; F{km-bp-tSbpw s\l-aym-
D≠m-I-bn-√-t√m. hn-t‚bpw ImeØv HutZym-Kn-I-ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ s]mXpsh
Bflo-btam As√-¶-n¬ aX-]-ctam Bb Hcp Ncn- D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ PmXo-b-`m-j-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. F{km
{X-amWv F{km-bpsS ]pkvX-Iw. sFlnI Dd-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ \men-sem∂v `mKw Cu `mj-bn-emWv
\n∂p-ff At\I tcJ-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]pkvXI - sØ Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. (2) F{_mb `mj-bnse A£-c-am-e-
]cn-ip-≤mflmhv Xnc-s™-SpØv {Iao-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXv bpsS at\m-l-c-cq]w bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Cu skan-‰nIv
ssZh-\n-izm-kob {KŸ-`m-K-ambnXocp-sa∂v CXv ImWn- ktlm-Z-co-`m-j-bmb Acm-ay-`m-j-bn¬ \n∂pw ISw FSp-
°p-∂p. Ø-Xm-Wv.

280 hmIy- ß - f - S - ß p∂ F{km ]pkv X - I sØ III. Fgp-X-s∏-´-Imew

XmsgImWpw-hn[w hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p; ss__nƒ ]pkvX- an{k-bn-anse ss\¬ \Zo-Xo-cØ- p-ff Fen-^‚-bn-\n¬
I-ß-tfm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp hn`-P- B.C.5˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Iq´w blq-Z¿,
\-am-WnXv: F{km, s\l-aymhv F∂o ]pkvX-I-߃°v kam-\-ambn
111 hmIy-߃ : t]cphnhc ]´n-I-Iƒ Acm-ay-`m-j-bn-ep-ff ]m∏n-dkv {]Xn-Iƒ Dt]-£n-®p-t]m-
109 hmIy-߃ : hnh-cW
- ß
- ƒ bn-cp-∂p. alm-\mb Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ N{I-h¿Øn-bpsS Ime-
L-´-sØ-Ip-dn-®p-ff \ho\ Bi-bsØ (B.C.330) °mƒ
44 hmIy-߃ : IØp-Iƒ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ B.C.5˛mw \q‰m-≠nse ]mc-º-cy-{]-
10 hmIy-߃ : {]m¿∞\ Im-c-ap-ff Xnø-Xnsb CXp ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p.
3 hmIy-߃ : {]Jym-]\w s\l-aym-hns‚ sbcp-it- e-an-te-°p-ff BK-a\
- Ø
- n\pw
(B.C.444) F{km-bpsS ]pkvXIw 10-˛mw A≤ym-b-Ønse
3 hmIy-߃ : kwKoXw
kw`-h-߃°pw (B.C.456) CS-bn-ep-ff Hcp Ime-L-´-
samØw 280 hmIy-߃ (1) ØnemWv F{km Cu ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xn-bXv F∂v hniz-
476
kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. F{km, s\l-aymhv, Ftÿ¿ F∂o
]pkvX-I-ßsf a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-
°p∂ Ime-K-W-\-]-´nI klm-b-I-c-am-Wv.
F{km, s\l-aym-hv, Ftÿ¿ F∂o]pkvX-
I-ß-fpsS Ime-K-W-\-]-´n-I.
(GI-tZ-i-amb Xnø-Xn-I-fmWv \¬I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv)
B.C. 538 : Bebw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff
tImsc-ins‚ Iev]-\.
B.C. 538/7 : skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
sbcp-it- e-an-te-°p-ff kwL-Sn-Xb
- m-{X.
B.C. 536 : ssZhm-e-b-Øn\v ASn-ÿm\w C´p.
B.C. 535 : Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn \ne-®p.
B.C. 520 : skJcym-hn-t‚bpw l§m-bn-bp-tSbpw
ip{iq-j.
B.C. 520 : Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn ]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-∂-
Xn-\p-ff Zmcym-th-ins‚ DØ-c-hv.
B.C. 516 : Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.
B.C. 486 : Al-iz-tc-ins‚ `cWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.
B.C. 479/8 : Ftÿ¿ cm⁄n-bmbn hmgn-°-s∏-´p.
B.C. 464 : A¿X-lv ijvTm cmPm-hns‚ `cWw
Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.
B.C. 458 : F{km-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ sbcp-it- e-
an-te-°p-ff kwL-Sn-X-bm-{X.
B.C. 444 : s\l-aymhv sbcp-i-te-an-se-Øp-∂p.
B.C. 444 : sbcp-itew aXn-ep-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-Ic- n-°p-∂p.
Df-f-S°w
1. skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ Iogn¬ _≤-∑m-cpsS sbcp-i-te-an-te-°p-ff aS-ß-h-chv (A.1-˛6)
A. tImsc-ins‚ Iev]\ (1:1-˛4)
B. Hcp-°-ßfpw Icp-X-ep-Ifpw (1:5˛11).
C. aS-ßn-h-∂-h-cpsS t]cp-hn-h-c-∏-´nI (A.2).
D. bmK-]o-T-Øn-t‚bpw Be-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-t‚bpw \n¿ΩmWw (A.3).
E. Bebw ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂-Xnse FXn¿∏v (A.4)
1. tImsc-ins‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:1˛5, 24)
2. Al-iz-tc-ins‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:6)
3. A¿X-lvi-jvTm-hns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:7˛23)
F{km
B.C. 420 : s\l-aym-hns‚ sbcp-i-te-an-te-°p-ff
c≠m-asØ bm{X.
IV. ]›m-Ø-ehpw hnj-bhpw
]pXnb _m_n-temWy km{amPyw Ime-l-c-W-s∏-Sp-
∂-Xpw, blq-Zm-P\w kztZ-iØv Iq´n-t®¿°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-
ff bnc-aym-{]-hm-N-Is‚ Acp-f-∏mSv \nhr-Øn-bm-Ip-∂-Xp-
amb hnj-b-tØmSp IqSn-bmWv F{km ]pkvXIw Bcw-
`n-°p-∂Xv (bn-c.29:10-˛14).
skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ Iogn¬ Hcp kwLw ]e-kvXo-\n-
te°v aS-ßn-h-cp∂ Ncn-{X-amWv 1˛6 A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬
hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Zl-\-bm-K-Øn-\p-ff bmK-]oTw ]Wn-bp-
I-sb-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p aS-ßn-h∂ {]hm-kn-If - psS BZysØ
ZuXyw, AXn-\p-tijw btlm-h-bpsS Be-bhpw Ah¿
]Wn-tb-≠n-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-P\ - Ø
- ns‚ i{Xp-°f - n¬ \n∂p-
ff henb FXn¿∏v hI-h-bv°m-sX-bmWv Be-b-Øns‚
]Wn \S-Øn-b-Xv, At∏mƒXs∂ l§m-bn, skJcymhv
F∂o {]hm-NI - ∑
- m-cpsS t{]m¬km-l\ - hpw Ah¿°p e`n-
®n-cp-∂p.
Bdpw Ggpw A≤ym-b-߃°n-S-bn¬ GI-tZiw 58
h¿jsØ Ime-ssZ¿Ly-ap-≠v. Ftÿ-dns‚ \mS-Iob
Ncn{Xw hnip≤ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®-Xpw, amc-
tØm¨, sX¿tΩm-s]-se, kem-ankv F∂o {]kn-≤-bp-
≤-߃ atX-Xc Ncn-{X-Øn¬ \S-∂Xpw Cu Ime-L-´-
Øn-emWv. (3)
GI-tZiw B.C. 458˛¬, A¿X-lvijvTm temwKn-am-
\kv cmPm-hn¬ \n∂p-ff A[n-Im-c-]-{X-hp-ambn F{km
sbcp-itew kµ¿in-®-Xns\ Ipdn-®p-ff Hcp Hm¿ΩIpdn-
∏mWv 7˛10 A≤ym-b-߃. P\sØ DW¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ff
F{km-bpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb {ia-ß-fmWv Cu A≤ym-b-
ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
 477

F. Bebw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff l§m-bn-bp-tSbpw skJ-cym-hn-t‚bpw t{]m¬km-l\w (5:1, 2).

G. Zmcy-th-ins‚ `c-W-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ FXn¿∏v (5:3-17).
H. Zmcym-th-ins‚ A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcp Iev]-\-bn-eqsS Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂p (A.6).
II. F{km-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-ff {]hm-kn-I-fpsS aS-ßn-h-chv (A.7-˛10)
A. A¿Xlv ijvTm-hns‚ HuZm-cy-]q¿∆-ap-ff A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-ج. (A.7)
B. aS-ßn-h-∂-h-cpsS t]cp-hn-h-c-∏-´nI (8:1˛14)
C. sbcp-itew bm{X-bpsS hnh-cWw (8:15-˛36)
D. an{i-hn-hm-l-ßfpw F{km-bpsS A\p-Xm-]-{]m¿∞-\bpw (A.9)
E. A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-cmb `mcy-am-tcbpw Ip™p-ß-sfbpw Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p-ff blq-Z-∑m-cpsS DS-ºSn (A.10).
478 F{km 1,2
hymJym\w
I. skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ Iogn¬ _≤-∑m-
cpsS sbcp-i-te-an-te-°p-ff aS-ßn-h-
chv (A.1-˛6).
A. tImsc-ins‚ Iev]\ (1:1˛4)
2 Zn\-hr-Øm-¥Ø - nse Ah-km\ c≠p hmIy-ßf - psS
X\n-]I - ¿∏mWv CXnse BZysØ aq∂p-hm-Iy-߃. blq-
Zy- b n- t e°v aS- ß n- h ∂v sbcp- i tew ssZhm- e bw
]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-hm≥ blq-Z-∑msc A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠p-
ff Hcp Iev]\ hnfw-_cw sNøp-hm≥ ssZhw ]m¿kn
cmPm-hmb tImsc-ins\ D]-tbm-Kn-®p. AXn-\p-]p-d-sa,
aS-ßn-t]m-Ip∂ tijn-∏n\v HuZm-cy-Zm-\ß - ƒ \¬Ip-hm≥
Xß-fpsS Ab¬°m-tcmSp Xm≥ Iev]n®p. Xs‚ P\-\-
Øn\v At\I h¿j-߃ apºp-Xs∂ ssZhw Ahs\
t]¿sNm√n hnfn®v Cu ZuXy-Øn-\mbn th¿Xn-cn-®-Xm-
bn-cp-∂p (sbi 44:28˛45:13). kZy-iy-hm-Iy-߃ 21:1˛se
bmYm¿∞yw Xm≥ Nn{Xo-I-cn®p hy‡-am-°p-I-bm-Wn-
hnsS: “cmPm- h ns‚ lrZbw btlm- h - b psS Iøn¬
\o¿tØmSp IWs° Ccn-°p∂p: X\n°p CjvS-ap-f-fn-S-
tØ-s°m-t°bpw Ah≥ AXns\ Xncn-°p∂p”.
blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Fgp-]-Xp-h¿j-°m-esØ {]hmkw
Cu Iev]-\-bm¬ Ah-km-\n-®p. Fgp-]Xp h¿jsØ
Imem-h[n c≠p-hn-[Ø
- n¬ KWn-s®-Sp°mw: s\_p-JZ- vt\-
k¿ cmPmhv sbcp-itew B{I-an®v BZy-kw-LsØ
{]hm-k-Øn¬\n-∂p-ff aS-ßn-h-chv. B.C.539-˛¬ ]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb tImsciv _m_n-tem¨ ]nSn-®-S-°n-b-
t∏mƒ blq-Z-{]-hm-kn-Iƒ°v kztZ-i-tØ°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm-\p-ff hgn Xpd-∂p-sIm-SpØp; {][m-\-s∏´ c≠p
kwL-Sn-X-bm-{X-߃ B.C.537 epw B.C.458-˛-ep-ambn \S-∂p.
_≤∑mcm-°n-sIm-≠p-t]mb B.C.605 apX¬ Be-b-
Øn\p ASn-ÿm-\-an´ B.C.535 hsc. As√-¶n¬, B.C.586-
˛se sbcp-iteans‚ A[:]X\w apX¬ B.C.516-˛se
Be-b-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-cWw hsc.
B. Hcp-°-ßfpw Icp-X-ep-Ifpw (1:5˛11)
blq-Z-∑m¿°v Xß-fpsS Ab¬°m¿ \¬Inb kº-
Øn\p ]pdsa btlm-hb - psS Be-bØ - n¬ \n∂pw s\_p-
J-Zvt\-k¿ cmPmhv FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn-cp∂ Aøm-c-
Øn-\m-\qdp s]m≥sh-f-fn-]m-{X-ßfpw tImsciv \¬In.
8˛mw hmIy-Ønse tiiv_- ¿ F∂ t]cv skcp-_m-t_-
ens‚ t]¿jy≥ t]cm-bn-cn°pw; Xm≥ XnI®pw hyXy-
kvX\ - mb Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°W- w. 9˛mw hmIy-Øn-
se, Ccp- ] - Ø n- s bm≥]Xp IØn- I sf Ipdn- ® p- f f
{]kv X mh\ {i≤n- ° p- I . CØcw hni- Z mw- i - ß - f n¬
t]mepw ssZhw {it≤-b\ - m-sW-¶n¬ Xs‚ P\sØ F{X-
b-[n-I-ambn Xm≥ IcpXpw!
C. aS-ßn-h-∂-h-cpsS t]cp-hn-h-c-∏-´nI. (A.2)
2:1˛58:˛ skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ blq-Z-
bn-te°p aS-ßn-h-∂-h-cpsS Hcp \o≠-]-´nI 1 apX¬ 61
hsc-bp-ff hmIy-ß-fn¬ \ap°p ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°p-
∂p. NneXv ]nXr-Xz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw (3-˛19) a‰p
NneXv kz¥-]´- W- Ø- ns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Ø - n-ep-amWv (hm.20-
˛35) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ (hm.

36˛39), tehy¿ (hm. 40-˛42), ssZhm-eb Zmk-∑m¿ (hm.
43-˛54) F∂n-h-cp-tSXv {]tXyIw kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Be-b-Øn¬ Ah¿°v {][m-\-
s∏´ Nne tPmen-Iƒ sNbvhm\p-≠v.
2:59- ˛ 63:˛ ]ptcm- l n- X - s c∂v Ah- I m- i - s ∏- ´ n- c p∂
Nne¿°v Xß-fpsS hwim-hen sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-
Xn-cp-∂X
- p-sIm-≠v, Ddnapw Xpanapw (k-Xyhpw shfn-®h
D]-tbm-Kn®v Acp-f-∏m-Sp-tNm-Zn®v A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xp-
hsc ]utcm-lnXy ip{iq-j-bn¬ \n∂pw ]utcm-lnXy
`£-W-Øn¬\n∂pw Ahsc hne-°n-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS
{]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ tZim-[n-]Xn (hm. 63) skcp-
∫m-t_-em-bn-cp-∂p.
2:64-˛67:˛ Cu A≤ym-bØ - n¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂
t]cp-hn-h-c-]-´n-Ibv°p kam-\-amb H∂v s\l-aymhv 7˛mw
A≤ym-b-Ønepw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. IW-°p-Iq-´-ep-I-fn¬
Nne sNdnb hyXym-k-ß-sfm-s°-bp-s≠-¶n-epw, blq-Z-
bn-te°p aS-ßn-h∂ blq-Z-P\w BsI \mev]-Øn-c-≠m-
bn- c Øn ap∂q- ‰ n- b - d p- ] Xv t]cm- b n- c p- ∂ p- s h∂pw
AhscIqSmsX Fgm-bn-cØn aq∂q-‰n-ap-∏-Øn-tbgv Zmk-
∑m-cp≠mbn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw c≠p ]pkvXI - ß
- f - nepw ]d-™n-
cn-°p-∂p. F{km-bpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Ccp-∂pdpw s\l-
aym-hns‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ Ccp-∂q-‰n-\m-ev]-Øn-b©pw
kwKo-X-°msc Ipdn-®p-]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v aS-
ßn-h∂ tijn-∏ns‚ FÆw BsI Aº-Xn-\m-bn-c-tØm-
f-am-bn-cp∂p. {]hm-kn-I-fm-°-s∏-´-h-cpsS Hcp sNdnb
Awiw am{X-am-bn-cp∂p AXv.
2:68˛70:-˛ blq-Z-∑m¿ sbcp-i-te-an¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øn-b-
t∏mƒ, ]nXr-`-h-\-Ø-e-h-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿ ssZhm-eb ]Wn-
°mbn kz¿Æhpw shf-fn-bpw, ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿°p-ff
hkv{Xhpw kw`m-h\ sNbvXp. A\-¥cw P\sØ Ah-
c-h-cpsS \nbp‡ ]´-W-ß-fn¬ \nh-kn-∏n-®p.
D. bmK-]o-T-Øn-t‚bpw Be-bm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-
t‚bpw \n¿ΩmWw (A.3)
3:1˛7:˛ B`y-¥c h¿jm-cw-`-amb Ggmw amk-Øn¬,
kztZ-it- Ø°p aS-ßn-h∂ blq-Z∑ - m¿ IqSm-cs
- ∏-cp-∂mƒ
BN-cn-t°-≠-Xn\v sbcp-i-te-an¬ Hcpan®p-Iq-Sn. tamsi-
bpsS \ymb-{]-am-WØ
- n¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ {]Im-cw,
tbip-h-bp-tSbpw skcp-_m-t_-en-t‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬
Ah-scmcp bmK-]oTw ]WnXp AXn¬ tlma-bm-K-߃
A¿∏n-®p. btlm-hsb am\n-°p-∂Xp \nanØw Ah≥
Ahsc Ah-cpsS i{Xp-°-fn¬\n∂pw hnSp-hn-°p-sa∂v
Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p. tkm¿, kntZm≥ F∂n-hn-S-
ß-fn¬ \n∂p-ff klmbw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠v
Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn XpS-ßp-hm-\p-ff Hcp-°-ß-fp-ambn
Ah¿ apt∂m´p\oßn.
3:8˛13:-˛ aS-ßn-h-∂n´v ]Xn-\m-ep-amkw Ign-™-t∏m-
gmWv bYm¿∞-]Wn Bcw-`n-®-Xv. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm\w
C´p-I-gn-™-t∏mƒXs∂ ]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw tehycpw
tN¿∂v AXns‚ ka¿∏-Wi - p-{iqjbv°p t\XrXzw hln-
®p. item-tams‚ Be-bØ - ns‚ al-Xzhpw Ct∏mƒ ]Wn-
F{km 2,3,4 479
b-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Be-b-Øns‚ A\m-Uw-_-c-
Xbpw XΩn¬ Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Ønb hr≤-∑m-cn¬ ]ecpw
Ic-™p-t]m-bn. (l-§m-bn.2:3). Ah-cpsS Ic-®n-ens‚
i_vZhpw P\-Øns‚ kt¥m-j-tLm-jhpw XΩn¬ Xncn-
®-dn-bp-hm≥ Ign-bm-sX-hÆw CS-I-e¿∂n-cp∂p; Aßs\
B i_vZw _lpZqcw tI´p.
- pw)(4) E. Be-bw-]p-Xp-°n-]-Wn-bp-∂-Xnse FXn¿∏v
(A.4)
1. tImsc-ins‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:1˛5,24)
4:1˛3:˛ 1˛mw hmIy-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂,
s_\ym- a n- t ‚bpw blq- Z - b p- t Sbpw {]Xn- t bm- K n- I ƒ,
hSt°cmPy-Øp-\n∂pw _≤-∑m-cm°n Aip-cy¿ ]nSn-®p-
sIm-≠p-t]mbn tZiØp B°n-h-®-h-cpsS Xe-ap-d-I-fm-
bn-cp-∂p. Cu A[n-\n-thi cmPy-\n-hm-kn-Iƒ tZiØp
tijn-®n-cp∂ blq-Z-∑m-cp-ambn an{i-hn-hm-l-Øn-te¿s∏-
Sp-Ibpw Aßs\ P\n® k¥m-\ß - ƒ ia-cy¿ F∂ t]cn-
e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn-bn¬
klm-bn-∏m≥ Xßfpw B{K-ln-°p-∂p-sh∂ `mth\
Ah¿ skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚bSp-sØ-Øn. Ahcpw btlm-
hsb Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p., ]t£ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\m-]-c-amb
Ah-cpsS aX-hn-izm-k-{]-Im-cw, Ah-cpsS At\ItZh-∑m-
cn¬ Hcp-h≥ am{X-am-bn-cp∂p btlm-h. AXp-sIm≠v Ah-
cpsS hmKvZm\w bn{k-tb¬ t\Xm-°-∑m¿ \nc-kn-®p.
4:4˛5, 24:-˛ At∏mƒ ia-cy¿ Ah-cpsS X{¥wam‰n.
BZyw Ah¿ blq-Zm-P-\sØ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øm≥
{ian-®p. ]n∂oSv Ah-cpsS ]Wnsb iey-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ XpS-
ßn. blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Dt±iyw \njv^-e-am-t°-≠-Xn-\v, `b-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X- {- ¥-ßf- p-]t- bm-Kn-®v, Ah¿ Ah¿°p hntcm-
[-ambn Imcy-ÿ∑ - msc ssI°q-en-sIm-SpØp hi-Øm-°n.
Aßs\ Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn kvXw`n-®p.
Imem-\p-{I-a-a-\p-k-cn®v 5˛mw hmIy-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bm-
bn-´mWv 24-˛mw hmIyw htc-≠-Xv. Zmcym-th-ins‚ `c-W-
Øns‚ c≠m-am-≠p-hsc Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn kvXw`n-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn¬ blq-Z-bpsS i{Xp-°ƒ hnP-bn-®p.
2. Al-iz-tc-ins‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:6)(6)
blq-Z-∑m¿s°-Xnsc Ip‰-am-tcm-]n-®p-sIm-≠p-ff Hcp
IØv Al-iz-tc-ins‚ `c-WI - m-eØv Fgp-Xn-bX
- mbn 6˛mw
hmIyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]´-Whpw AXns‚ aXnepw ]pXp-
°n-∏-Wn-bp-∂Xv Hcp a’c-{]-hr-Øn-bm-sW∂v Btcm-]n-
®p-sIm-≠v, A¿X-lvij - vTm-cm-Pm-hns‚ ImeØv Fgp-Xnb
as‰mcp IØns\ Ipdn®v 7˛23 hmIy-ß-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-
°p∂p. A∂p-ap-X-emWv ]Wn-\n¿Øp-hm≥ cmPm-hp-Ø-
c-hn-´X
- v.
3. A¿Xlvi-jvTm-cm-Pm-hns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv (4:7˛23)
Al-iz-tc-in\pw (hm.6), A¿X-lvi-jvTm-cm-Pm-hn\pw
(hm.7) ap≥]v `cWw \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Zmcym-th-ins‚ `c-
W-Im-eØv Be-b-Øns‚ ]p\¿\n¿ΩmWw ]q¿Øn-bm-
°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v 6˛23 hmIy-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-]m-
Zn-°s
- ∏-´n-cn-°p∂ IØp-Iƒ Be-bØ - ns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øn-
480 F{km 5,6
bm-°s - ∏´tijw Fgp-Xs - ∏-´h- b
- m-bn-cp-∂p. Be-bw ]Wn-
bp-hm-\√ adn®v sbcp-itew aXn¬ ]Wn-bp-hm-\p-ff DZy-
a-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cptS-Xv. F∂m¬ aS-ßn-sb-Ønb {]hm-
kn-I-fpsS thesb XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\p-ff {ia-ß-fpsS
IqSp-X¬ hnh-cW- s
- a-∂\
- n-eb
- n¬, Imem-\p-{I-aa- √
- msX Ah-
bn-hnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
4:6 apX¬ 6:8 hsc F{_m-b-`m-jbv°p]Icw D]-tbm-
Kn-®n-cp-∂Xv Acm-ay-`m-j-bm-Wv.(7) t]¿jy-bn¬ HutZym-
KnI DØ-c-hp-I-fn¬ Cu `mj-bm-bn-cp∂p D]-tbm-Kn-°-
s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv.
F. Bebw ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff l§m-bn-
bp-tSbpw skJ-cym-hn-t‚bpw t{]m¬km-l\
- w.
(5:1,2)
Zmcym-th-ins‚ hmgvN-bpsS c≠m-am-≠n-ep-f-f-XmWv
Cu A≤ym-b-sa∂v l§mbn 1:1˛¬ \n∂pw skJ-cymhv
1:1˛¬ \n∂pw \ap°p a\- n-em°mw (hm. 1:1, 4:24˛ ambn
Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I). X߃°p-th≠n hne-tb-dnb hoSp-
Iƒ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw btlm-h-bpsS Be-b-Øns‚
]Wn ]p\-cm-cw-`n-°p-hm≥ Cu c≠p {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw
bn{km-tb-eysc DZvt_m-[n-∏n®p (l-§m-bn. 1:4). skcp-
_m-t_epw tbip-hbpw btlm-h-bpsS hN\w A\p-k-
cn®v DS≥Xs∂ ]Wn Bcw-`n-°p-hm≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. cmPm-
hns‚ Iev]-\-bpsS i‡n-sIm-≠√ adn®v ssZhn-I-{]-
hm-N-I-∑m¿ apJm-¥cw kwkm-cn® ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-i-‡n-
sIm-≠mWv ]Wn ]p\-cm-cw-`n-®Xv F∂Xv ChnsS {it≤-
b-am-Wv. (skJ: 4:6)
G. Zmcym-th-ins‚ `c-W-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂
FXn¿∏v (5:3˛17)
5:3˛5:˛ hfscs]s´-∂p-Xs∂ FXn¿∏pw Db¿∂p-h∂ - p.
]m¿ky-tZ-im-[n-]-Xnbpw Ahs‚ klm-bn-Ifpw sbcp-i-
te-an¬h∂v Bebw ]Wn-bp-hm≥ X߃°v A[n-Imcw
\¬In-b-Xm-sc∂pw ]Wn-bp-∂-h-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ Fs¥-
∂pw -tNm-Zn-®p. (hm.9,10 t\m°p-I). blq-Z-t\-Xm-°-∑m-
cpsS t]cp-hn-h-c-߃ Ah¿°p \¬In. 4˛mw A≤ym-b-
Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°p-∂h
- t- c-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hnth-
I-]q¿∆w CS-s]-Sp-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Cu ]m¿kyDtZym-K-
ÿ∑m¿. Ah¿ the \n¿Øn-h-®n-√, ]Icw AXns‚
\nb-ah - y-hÿ Xocp-am-\n-°p-hm≥th≠n Zmcym-th-in\v Hcp
IØ-b-®p. ssZh-h-N-\w- A-\p-k-cn®v blq-Z-∑m¿ ]Wn-
Xp-Sß
- n-bX - p-sIm≠v AXv \nhr-Øn-bm-°p-hm≥X°-hÆw
Ah≥ Ahsc ISm-£n-®p.
5:6˛17:˛ XXv\m-bnbpw siY¿ ˛ s_mkv\m-bnbpw,
X߃ blq-Z∑ - m-cp-ambn \S-Ønb N¿®-sb-°p-dn®pw Ah-
cpsS adp-]-Sn-sb-°p-dn®pw Hcp IØp-ap-tJ\ Zmcym-th-
ins\ Adn-bn-®p. X߃°p-ff ssZhn-Im-[n-Im-csØ
Ipdn-®mWv P\-Ønse ap∏-∑m¿ BZyw Ah-tcmSv kwkm-
cn-®-Xv. X߃ GI-k-Xy-ssZ-h-Øns‚ Zmk-∑m-cm-bn-cp-
∂p-sh∂pw Xß-fpsS ]m]-{]-hr-Øn-Iƒ \nanØw ssZhw
Ahsc _m_n-tem-Wy-cpsS Iøn¬ G¬∏n-®p-sh∂pw
Ah¿ ]d-™p. Ct∏mƒ btlmh Ahsc kz¥-tZ-i-
tØ°p aS-°n-s°m-≠p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahn-sS-b-h¿
btlm-h-bpsS Bebw ]Wn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Bebw ]pXp-
°n-]-Wn-bp-hm≥ A\phmZw \¬Ins°m≠p-ff tImsc-
ins‚ Iev]-\bpw am\p-jn-I-A-[n-Im-c-sa∂ \ne-bn-e-
h¿°p-≠v. B ]≤-Xn-°p-th≠nbpff HuZm-cy-Zm-\-ßfpw
tImsciv \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.- tIm-sciv cmPmhv AØ-c-
sam-cp Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-´p-t≠m-sb∂v Xocp-am-\n-t°-
≠-Xn\v Hc-t\z-jWw \S-Øp-hm-\pw, Cu hnj-b-tØm-Sp-
ff _‘-Øn¬ X߃ F¥p \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v
Adn-bn-°p-hm\pw tZim-[n-]Xn cmPm-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-®p.
H. Zmcym-th-ins‚ A\p-Iq-e-amb Hcp Iev]-\-
bn-eqsS Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. (A.6)
6:1˛5:--˛ kq£va]
- c
- n-tim-[\
- b
- vs°m-Sp-hn¬, tImsc-ins‚
Iev]-\, Xm≥ X-eÿm\\-K-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂
A^vsa-Ym-bn¬ (NKJV) am¿Pn-\n¬ FIv_-Xm\ F∂p
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p) Is≠-Øn. (1-˛mw A≤ym-bØ - n¬ Npcp-
°n-sb-gp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ Iev]\ ChnsS Ipd-®p-IqSn hni-
Z-ambn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p). s\_p-J-Zvt\-k¿ FSp-Øp-
sIm-≠p-t]mb s]m≥sh-f-fn-]m-{X-߃ aS-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-
hm-\p-ff Iev]-\-tbm-sSm∏w Be-b-Øns‚ C\w-Xn-cn-®p-
ff hnh-c-Whpw ChnsS \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.
6:6˛12:˛ A\- ¥ cw blq- Z - ∑ m- t cm- S p- f f Xß- f psS
IS∏mSp-Iƒ cmPmhv sXXv\m-bn-tbbpw Iq´-tcbpw Adn-
bn-®p. Be-bØ - ns‚ ]Wn Ah¿ XS- s - ∏-Sp-Øc - p-sX∂pw
cmP-Iob JP-\m-hn¬ Ic-sa-∂\ - n-eb- n¬ tiJ-cn-®n-cn-°p∂
]W-Øn¬\n∂pw Be-b-Øns‚ \n¿Ωm-W-®n-e-hp-h-ln-
°-W-sa∂v cmPmhv DØ-c-hn-´p. ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿Bh-iy-
s∏-´-X-\p-k-cn-®v, Be-b-Ønse ip{iq-j-Iƒ°v B-h-iy-
amb Imcym-Zn-Iƒ \¬Ip-hm≥ cmPmhv I¬∏n-®p. (hm.9),
Aßs\ blq-Z¿°v ssZh {]km-Za - p-≠m-bn-´v, cmPm-hn\pw
IpSpw-_-Øn\pw th≠n-bp-ff P\-Øns‚ {]m¿∞\ ^e-
{]-Z-ambn Xotc-≠-Xn\pw Xm≥ B{K-ln-®p. ]Wn XS- -
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xp h[-in-£-b¿ln-°p∂ Hcp Ip‰-am-°n-
Xo¿Øp-sIm≠v Zmcym-thiv Xs‚ Iev]\ - b - n¬ Nne \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ h®p. cmPm-°-∑m-cpƒs∏-sS, `mhn-bn¬ btlm-
h-bpsS Cu Bebw \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-∂-h-cm-cm-
bmepw Ahsc ssZhwXs∂ ssIImcyw sNø-W-sa∂v
Xm≥ ssZh-tØm-S-t]-£n-®p.
6:13-˛15:˛ cmPm-hns‚ Iev]\ DS-\Sn \nd-th-‰-s∏-´p,
Aßs\ Be-bØ - ns‚ ]Wn hf-sc-th-KØ
- n¬ apt∂m´p
\oßn. ssZhnI {]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬\n-∂p-ff t{]m¬km-l-
\-hpw, Zmcym-thiv cmPm-hns‚ JP-\m-hn¬ \n∂p-ff klm-
bhpwsIm≠v Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn \mep-h¿jw Ign-™-
t∏mƒ ]q¿Øn-bm-°-s∏-´p, F∂m¬ ASn-ÿm-\-an-´n´v
]sØm≥]tXm Ccp-]tXm h¿jw Ign-™t- ∏m-gm-bn-cp∂p
AXv. hmkvX-h-Øn¬, A¿X-lvijvTm cmPmhv Pohn-®n-
cp-∂Xv AXn\p tij-am-bn-cp-∂p, Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn-
tbm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn-e√ adn®v AXns‚ A‰-Ip-‰-]-Wn-
Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p Xm≥ kw`m-h\ sNbvX-Xv.
6.16:˛ bn{km-tb¬ P\hpw aq∏-∑mcpw hfsc kt¥m-
 F{km 6,7
j-]q¿∆w Be-b-Øns‚ {]XnjvT Ign-®p. sU∂‰v C{]-
Imcw \nco-£n-°p-∂p.
C{]-Im-c-ap-ff kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-
sa-∂Xp kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p, ImcWw Ah¿ {]mXn-
\n[yw hln-°p∂ DS-º-Sn-bpsS F√m-hn[ A\p-{K-l-
ßfpw {]I-S-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xß-fpsS ssZh-Øns‚
Be-b-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. At\-I-h¿j-ß-fnse ]cm-P-b-
Øn-t‚bpw _p≤n-ap-´n-t‚bpw \ncm-i-bp-tSbpw ZpxJ-
Øn-t‚bpw HSp-hn¬ AXn-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS IÆn-\p-ap-
ºn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. _m_n-tem-
Wn¬ \n∂pw Ahsc sIm≠p-h-∂Xv AXn-\p-th-≠n-
bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Bsc-¶nepw IÆo-cn¬ hnX-®n-
´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah-cn-t∏mƒ B¿t∏msS sImøp-I-bm-bn-
cp∂p.(8)
6:17-˛22:-˛ Ah¿ bmK-߃ A¿∏n-®p. 22,000 Imf-I-
tfbpw 1,20,000 BSp-I-tf-bpw, ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°¬ FÆp-
hm\pw IW-s°-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ign-bm-X-hÆw hfsc BSp-
I-tfbpw Imf-I-tfbpw s]´-I-Øn-\p-ap-ºn¬ bmKw Ign®
item-tams‚ {]Xn-jvT-bp-ambn CXns\ Xmc-Xayw sNøp-
tºmƒ, (2 Zn\. 7:5; 5:6) CXv Zp¿_-e-am-bXpw tami-s∏-
´-Xp-amb Hcpkw`-ha - mbn aßn-t∏m-Ip-Ib
- m-W.v `mKy-hi
- m¬,
Ah¿ AXn-s\-Ip-dn®p A[nIw kwkm-cn-®n-√.
item-tams‚ Ime-Øp-\n∂pw F{km-bpsS Ime-Øn-
te-°p-ff A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX-a-√mØ Hcp Xmc-
Xayw C∂v ]e-k-`-I-fnepw Iq´m-bva-I-fn-epw, kwL-S-\-
I-fnepw, kvIqfp-I-fnepw F∂p-th≠ ss{IkvX-h-tem-I-
Øm-I-am\w {]I-S-am-Wv. sU∂-‰ns‚ DtØ-P-\-]-c-amb
Hcp {]tbm-K-ap-≠v, kpZo¿L-sa-¶nepw AXn-hnsS D≤-cn-
°p-∂Xv {]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Wv:
Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂m-epw, ImWmØ Imcy-ß-tfm-Sp-
ff _‘-Øn-emWv hnizm-k-Øn\p {]h¿Øn-∏m-\p-f-f-
Xv, AXpsIm≠v, item-tams\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
ssZhw i‡\pw Icp-W-bp-f-f-h-\p-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬,
Xß- t fm- S p- f f _‘- Ø nepw Ahs‚ Icp- W bpw
i‡nbpw H´pw Ipd-™p-t]m-bn-´n-√-sb∂v Zp¿_-e-cmb
Btijn- ∏ ns‚ a- \ -   ns\ Hm¿∏n- ® p- W ¿Øp- h m≥
AXn\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.
Cu Be-b-Øn\p alXzw Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°mw, AXp-
t]mse Ah¿ Hcp-Pm-Xob cmPm-hns‚ A[o-\-X-bn¬
Ign-bp∂ Ffnb P\-am-bn-cn-°mw, ]t£ ssZhw Xm≥
Bbn-cp-∂X - p-t]mse Ct∏mgpw Ah¿°p-th-≠n-bp-s≠-
¶n¬, Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn\p e`y-am-bn-cn-°p∂ ic-
tWm-]mbw Ft∏m-gp-sa-∂-t]mse kna-b-‰-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.
Cu kXyw \ΩpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Bg-ambn ]Xn-bp-
I-bn-√, Imc-Ww-k-ar-≤n-bpsS \mfp-I-fn-se-∂-t]mse
{]bm-k-th-f-I-fnepw tbip-I¿Ømhv Xs‚ P\-Øn-\p-
th≠n A\-\y-\mbn \ne-sIm-ff - p-∂p. as‰m-∂n\pw Ign-
bm-Ø-hn[w \Ωp-sS-km-l-N-cy-߃°p-aosX \sΩ
Db¿Øp-hm-\pw, \ΩpsS ]mX-bnse A]-I-S-ß-sf-¥p-
X- s ∂- b m- b mepw Ahsb Nhn- ´ n- s a- X n- ° phm- \ p- f f
ss[cyw \ap-°p-\¬Ip-hm\pw Cu i‡n-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-
481
tºmƒ \ap°p Ign-bpw.(9)
A\-¥cw, s]kl BN-cn® P\w AXn-\p-tijw
alm-k-t¥m-j-tØmsS ]pfn-∏n-√mØ A∏-Øns‚ s]cp-
∂mfpw BN-cn-®p, ImcWw Zmcy-mthiv cmPm-hn¬\n∂pw
X߃°p e`n® B\p-Iq-ey-߃°p ]n∂n¬ ssZh-
Øns‚ Icw Ah¿ hy‡-ambn I≠n-cp-∂p.
ChnsS Zmcym-thiv cmPm-hns\ Aip¿cm-Pmhv F∂mWv
hnfn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, ImcWw ]gb Aip-cy-km-{am-Py-am-bn-
cp∂p Xm≥ `cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
II. F{km-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-ff {]hm-
kn-I-fpsS aS-ßn-h-chv (A.7-˛10)
A. A¿XlvijvTm-hns‚ HuZm-cy-]q¿∆-ap-ff
A[n-Im-c-s∏-Sp-ج (A.7)
7:1˛5:˛ 6˛Dw 7˛Dw A≤ym-b-߃ XΩn¬ GXm≠v
Aº-Øn-sb´v h¿jsØ hnS-hp-≠v. (B-ap-J-Ønse
“F{km, s\l-aym-hv, Ftÿ¿ F∂o-]p-kvX-I-ß-fpsS
Ime-K-W\ ]´nI” t\m°p-I). B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Zmcym-
th-ins‚ ]n≥Km-an-bmbn Al-iz-tckv (tk-sc-kv) h∂p.
Xs‚ `c- W - I m- e sØ kw`- h - ß - f mWv Ftÿ- d ns‚
]pkvX-I-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øn-
\p-tijw H∂mw A≤ym-bØ - n¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂ A¿X-
lvijvTm cmPmhv (tem-ßn-am-\k
- v) A[n-Im-cØ - n¬ h∂p.
Xs‚ ]utcm-lnXy ]mc-ºcyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-
\p-th-≠n, F{km-bpsS Hcp sNdnb hwim-h-en 1-˛5 hmIy-
ß- f n¬ sImSp- Ø n- ´ p- ≠ v. AtX Ipdn- ® p- f f Pn.
Iymºvs_¬ tam¿Ks‚ A`n-{]mbw t\m°pI:
ssZh-ln-X-{]-Im-c-ap-ff ZqXp-hm-l-I-sc∂ \ne-bn¬,
Xmsg-]-d-bp∂ hyXym-k-tØmsS imkv{Xn-am¿ {]hm-N-I-
∑m-cpsS ]Zhn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. ]pXnb shfn-∏m-Sp-Iƒ
{]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cw, ]g-bXv Ah¿ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-
Ibpw {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Cu ]pXnb
DØ-c-hn-t\m-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ F{km AXns‚ ÿm]-
I\pw amXr-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.... \ymb-{]-amWw hymJym-\n-
°p-∂X - nepw {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - m-°p-∂X
- nepw Xm≥ hfsc ]cn-
N-bk- º- ∂
- \
- m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu A≤ym-bØ - ns‚ 10-˛mw hmIy-
Ønse Xs∂ Ipdn-®p-ff {]kvXm-h-\-bn¬, Cu {]hr-
Øn-bv°p-th≠ tbmKy-X-Iƒ hfsc hy‡-ambn shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. btlm-h-bpsS \ymb-{]-amWw ]cn-tim-
[n-∏m\pw AX-\p-k-cn-®p-\-S-∏m\pw AXns‚ N´-ßfpw
hn[n-Ifpw D]-tZ-in-∏m\pw Xm≥ a\- p-h-®n-cp-∂p.(10)
7:6˛10:˛ kap-∂-X-amb Hcp hwi-]m-c-ºcyw X\n-°p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂Xp IqSm-sX, tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-WØ- n¬
hnZ-≤-\mb Hcp imkv{XnIqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu F{km.
Xo¿®-bmbpw F{km ss__n-fnse Hcp t{ijvTh - y-‡nbpw
1˛mw k¶o¿Ø\Øns‚ BZysØ aq∂p hmIy-ß-tfm-
Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂ Hcp DZm-l-c-W-hp-am-bn-cp-
∂p.(11) btlm-hb
- psS \ymb-{]-amWw Xm≥ cm∏-I¬ [ym\n-
®-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øn\pth≠n Xm≥ sNøp-hm-\p-t±-in-
®-Xn-se√mw A`n-hr≤n {]m]n-®p. Xs‚ Btem-N\ \S-
482 F{km 7,8,9
∏n-em-t°-≠-Xn\v btlmh Hcn-°¬IqSn Hcp PmXob
cmPm-hns‚ lrZ-bsØ Xncn®p c≠m-a-sXmcp kwLw
sbcp-it- e-an-te°p aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ X°-hÆ
- a
- p-ff Hcp
Iev]\ cmPmhv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p. B bm{X F{km-bpsS
t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
7:11˛26:˛ ChnsS tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂ IØn¬,
]m¿kn-cm-Pm-hmb A¿X-lvijvTm F{kmbv°p ]q¿Æ-
A-[n-Imcw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F{km-tbm-sSm∏w sbcp-
i-te-an-te°p t]mIp-hm≥ B{K-ln-°p∂ F√m bn{km-
tb-ey¿°pw t]mIp-hm-\p-ff A\p-aXn cmPmhp \¬In-
bn-cp-∂p. tamsi-bpsS \ymb-{]-am-W-{]-Im-c-amtWm Imcy-
ß-sfm-t°bpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂-t\z-jn-°p-hm≥
th≠n- b m- b n- c p- ∂ p F{km Ahn- t S°p t]mIp- ∂ - X v .
cmPmhpw Xs‚ a{¥n-amcpw Be-b-Øns‚ ]Wn-bv°mbn
HuZm-cyZm\-߃ \¬In. Be-b-Ønse ]m{X-߃
GsX-¶nepw _mt_-en¬ At∏mgpw tijn-®n-cn-∏p-s≠-
¶n¬ Ahbpw CtXm-sSm∏w F{km-bpsS Npa-X-e-bn¬
sbcp-i-te-an-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ th≠n G¬∏n-
®p. Cu Zm\-ß-sf√mw Beb ip{iq-j-Iƒ°mbn D]-
tbm- K n- ° p- h m- \ p- f - f - X m- b n- c p- ∂ p, A[nIw hcp- ∂ Xv
F{kmbv°p bp‡-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂-\n-e-bn¬ hnX-cWw
sNøp-hm-\p-f-f-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ AXv XnI-bmsX
h∂m¬ shf-fn, tImX-ºv, ho™v, FÆ, D∏v apX-em-b-
sh-b√mw th≠pw-t]mse cmPm-hns‚ JP-\m-hn¬ \n∂pw
\¬I-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ shf-fn-sbm-gn-sI- a‰p\mep
km[-\ß - fpw bmK-tØm-Sp-ff _‘-Øn¬ blq-Z∑ - m¿°v
AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Be-b-Øn¬ ip{iq-jn-
°p∂ bmsXm-cp-Ø\pw \nIp-Xn-sIm-Sp-t°-≠-Xn-√. CXn-
s\√mw]pd-sa, bq{^-´okv \Zn-bpsS ]Sn-™m-dp-hiw Xma-
kn-°p∂ blq-Z∑m¿°p-th≠n A[n-Im-cn-It- fbpw \ymbm-
[n-]∑- m-tcbpw \nb-an-°p-∂X - n-\p-ff cmjv{So-bm-[n-Im-chpw
Cu Iev]\ apJm-¥ncw F{kmbv°p \¬I-s∏-´p. ssZh-
Øns‚ \ymb{]-amWw D]-tZ-in-∏m-\pw, Ah \S-∏n¬h-
cp-Øp-hm\pw th≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu \ymbm-[n-]-∑m¿.
7:27,28:˛ Xs‚ kvtXm{X-{]m¿∞-\-bn¬, Be-bsØ
Ae-¶-cn-t°≠Xn\v cmPm-hn\ptXm∂n® ssZhsØ
F{km hmgvØp-Ib - pw, {]m[m-\y-ap-ff CØ-csamcp tPmen
Gs‰-Sp-°p-hm≥ Xs∂ {]m]vX-\m-°n-b-Xn\p \µn-]-d-bp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. X\n-°-\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp∂ btlm-h-bpsS
Iøm¬ ss[cy-s∏´ F{km Xt∂mSp IqsS sbcp-i-te-
an-te°p t]mtI-≠-Xn\v bn{km-tb-ense Nne Xe-h-∑m-
sc-°q-´n-h-cp-Øn.(12)
B. aS-ßn-h-∂-h-cpsS t]cphnh-c-∏-´n-I. (8:1˛14)
8:1˛14:˛ _m_n-tem-Wn¬ \n∂pw sbcp-i-te-an-te°v
F{km-tbm-sSm∏w aS-ßn-h∂ - h
- c
- psS t]cp-hn-hc
- ∏
- ´- n-Ib
- mWv
Cu BZysØ JWvUn-Ib - n¬ ImWp-∂X - v. h¿j-߃°p-
apºv skcp-∫m-t_-ens‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬- CtX IpSpw_
ßfn¬s∏´ At\-I¿ sbcp-i-te-an-te°v aS-ßn-sb-Øn-
bn-´p≠v (A.2) c≠m-asØ Cu kwL-Øn¬ Gsd-°psd
Bbn-c-Øn-b-™qdp ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
C. sbcp-itew bm{X-bpsS hnh-cWw (8:15-˛36)
8:15-˛20:˛ Al-hmbv°v kao-]a- p-ff \Zn-°c
- nsI (ÿew
GsX∂p ]d-™n-´n-√) ]mf-ba - n-dß- nb F{kmbpw kwL-
hpw, Xß- f psS Iq´- Ø n¬ tehy- c mcpw Cs√- ∂ p- f f
hkvXpX a\- n-em-°n; Aßs\ Xß-fpsS kwL-Ønse
Xe-h-∑m-cmb ]Xn-s\m∂p ktlm-Z-c-ß-sf, tehy¿ Xma-
kn-°p-∂-Xm-b-dn-bm-hp∂ Imkn-^ym-bn-te°v Ab-bv°p-
Ibpw Xß-tfm-sSm∏w tNcp-hm≥ tehy-tcbpw ssZhm-
ebZmk-∑m-scbpw t{]m¬km-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
XXv^-e-am-bn, ap∏-Øn-sb´p tehy-cpw, Ccp-\q-‰n-bn-cp-]Xv
Zmk-∑mcpw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tN¿∂p.
8:21-˛23:˛ 900 ssa¬ ssZ¿Ly-ap-ff Ah-cpsS bm{X
Bcw-`n-°p-∂X - n\v apºv, Alhm B‰n-\c- nsI Ah¿ ]mf-
b-an-d-ßp-I-bpw, AhnsS F{km Hcp D]-hmkw {]kn-≤-
s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZh-Øns‚ \∑-sb-°p-dn®pw
i‡n-sb-°p-dn®pw F{km apºv cmPm-hn-t\mSv ]d-™n-
´p≠v; AXp-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS bm{X-tbm-Sp-ff _‘-
Øn¬ Hcp ssk\y-kw-c£ - Ww Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂X
- p, Xs‚
{]hr-Øn-bm¬ ap≥]v Xm≥ ]d-™n-´p-ff hm°p-Isf
\ntj-[n-°-em-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Xm≥ a\- n-em-°n. Bb-Xn-
\m¬, X¶¬ B{i-bn-°p-∂-hsc c£n-°p-hm≥ Xm¬∏-
cy-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øn¬ B{i-bn-®p-sIm≠v B hgn-bn¬
Xs‚ hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p. Ah\v \ncm-i-s∏-tS≠n h∂n-√.
ssZhw Ah-cpsS {]m¿∞-\-tI-´p.
8:24-˛34:˛ F{km-bpsS Iøn¬ G¬∏n-®n-cp∂ ]Whpw
D]-I-c-W-ßfpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS {][m-\n-I-fn¬ ]{¥-
≠p-t]¿°pw, ]{¥-≠p-te-hy¿°p-ambn Xq°n-s°m-Sp-Øp.
Cu km[-\-ß-sf√mw hnip-≤-am-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v (hn-
ip≤D]tbmKØn-\p-th≠n th¿Xn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv) hnip-
≤-∑m¿ am{Xta Ah kq£n-°p-hm≥ ]mSp-f-fq. aq∂-c-am-
ksØ bm{Xbvs°mSphn¬, B kwLw apgp-h≥ B]-
sØm∂pwIqSmsX sbcp-i-te-an¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. sbcp-
i-te-an¬ FØn-b-Xn-\p-tijw B shf-fnbpw s]m∂pw
D]-I-c-W-ßfpw ho≠pw- Xq-°n, Be-b-Øn¬ AXn\p
Npa-X-e-s∏-´-hsc G¬∏n-®p.
8:35,36:˛ aS-ßn-sb-Øp∂ {]hm-kn-I-fpsS BZysØ
{]hrØn AXns‚ {Ia-a\ - p-kc- n-®v, kIe bn{km-tb-en\pw
th≠n btlm-h-bpsS bmK-]o-T-Øn¬ tlma-bm-K-ßfpw
]m]-bm-K-ßfpw A¿∏n-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS
Bflo-bI - S- ∏
- m-Sp-Iƒ \nd-th-‰n-Ig- n-™n-´,v X߃°v btYm-
NnXw th≠p∂ klm-b-߃ \¬In-Ø-tc-≠, ]Sn-
™mtd kwÿm-\AXn-]-Xn-am¿°p Ah¿ cmPm-hns‚
B⁄m-]-{X-߃ sImSp-Øp.
D. an{i-hn-hm-l-ßfpw F{km-bpsS A\p-Xm-]-
{]m¿∞-\bpw (A.9)
9:1,2:˛ Zo¿L-\mƒ sbcp-itew hn´p-\n∂ F{km aS-
ßn-sb-Øn-bt- ∏mƒ, {]`p-°∑ - mcpw {]am-Wn-If
- p-aS- °
- a
- p-ff
P\w PmXo-bc - p-ambn hnhm-l_ - ‘
- Ø - n-te¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-
F- ∂ p- f f Akz- k v X - h ¿Ø- a m\w {]`p- ° - ∑ m- c n¬
Nne¿Xs∂ Adn-bn®p. Ign-™-Im-e-ß-fn¬ bn{km-tb¬
 F{km 9,10
in£n-°-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Cuhn[ ]m]ßtfm-Sp-
ff _‘-Øn-em-Wv. ssZh-P\w hnip-≤-cm-bn-cn-t°Ww
F∂p-ff \nbaw hy‡-am-bn-\¬I-s∏-´n-´p-f-f-Xm-Wv. (]p-
d.34:16; Bh.7:3). temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw AXnse kI-e-
Zp-jv{]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬\n∂pw XßsfØs∂ th¿Xn-cn®p
kq£n-t°-W-sa∂v ssZhw Ahsc Ipdn-®m-{K-ln-°p-∂p.
9:3,4:˛ Cu an{i-hn-hm-l-ßsfIpdn®ptI´ F{km
kvXw`n-®p-t]m-bn. k‘ym-bm-KØ- ns‚ kabw hsc Xm≥
hyk-\n®pIpØn-bn-cp-∂p. btlm-hsb `b-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿
Ah-\p-Np‰pw h∂p-Iq-Sn-b-t∏mƒ, Xm≥ tae-¶n-Io-dn, Xe-
bnepw XmSn-bn-ep-ap-ff tcmaw hen-®p-]-dn®p hncq-]-amb
\ne-bn¬ au\-ambn Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
9:5˛15:˛ P\-Øns‚ AIr-Xy-Øn-\p-th-≠n, k‘ym-
bm-K-c‡w btlm-h-bpsS apºmsI Hgn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-
k-c-Øn¬, F{km ap´p-Ip-Øn, i_vZ-ap-b¿Øn ]›m-Ø-
]n-®p. P\-Øns‚ ]m]w Xt‚-Xm°n Xo¿Øp-sIm≠v
F{km ssZh-k∂ - n-[n-bn¬ Xt∂-Xs∂ XmgvØn-{]m¿∞n-
®p Ign-™-Im-e- \ym-b-hn-[n-bn¬ Xß-fn¬ Hcp tijn-
∏ns\ c£n-®p, Xs‚ hnip-≤-ÿ-eØv Ah¿s°mcp
]m¿∏n-Shpw \¬InbIr]-tbmSp hfsc tæ—-amb coXn-
bn¬ Ah¿ {]Xn-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v F{km A\p-Xm-
]-]q¿∆w G‰p-]-d™p (hm.8). ChnsS {]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-
cn- ° p∂ Cu “]m¿∏nSw” (“Peg”˛ac- b mWn F∂
A¿∞hpw AXn-\p-≠v) kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv, ssZh-Øn¬
B{i-bn-°p∂ GsXmcp-h\pw AYhm GsXm-∂n-\p-ap-ff
kpc-£n-X-XzsØ Ipdn-®m-Wv. BXy-¥n-I-ambn CXv
{InkvXp- h ns\ kqNn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p- s h∂v Atb¨
sskUns\t]mse-bp-ff Nne¿ hniz-kn-°p∂p:
btlm-h-bpsS alXzw Xq°n-bn-Sp-hm-\p-f-f, sbibp
{]h-N-\-Ønse “Dd∏p-ffÿesØ BWn-”bpsS Hcp
AwKo-Im-c-amWv ChnsS kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ “BWn”
(Peg˛ae-bmfw ss__n-fn¬ “]m¿∏nSw” F∂ ]Zw D]-
tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p) F∂-Xn¬ kwi-ba
- n√ (sb-i.22:21˛25);
CXv AXns‚ ]q¿Æ-A¿∞-Øn¬ {InkvXp-hns\Xs∂-
bmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.(13)
an{i-hn-hm-lsØ Ipdn®v {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ hfsc hy‡-
ambn kwkm-cn-®n-´p-≠v, AXp-sIm≠v P\w am∏¿ln-°p-
∂n-√, {]tXy-In®pw ssZhw Ah¿°n-t∏mƒ sNbvXn-cn-
°p∂ D]-Im-c-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ bmsXmcp Hgn-I-
gnhpw Ah¿°v ]d-bm-\n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. “RßfpsS ]mX-
I-tØm-Sp-IqsS CXm, R߃ \ns‚ apºmsI Ccn-°p-
∂p”. AXn¬ IqSp-X-sem∂pw F{kmbv°p ]d-bp-hm-\n-
√m-bn-cp-∂p.
E. A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-cmb `mcy-am-tcbpw Ip™p-ß-
sfbpw Dt]-£n-°p-hm-\p-ff blq-Z-∑m-cpsS
DS-º-Sn. (A.10)
10:1˛5:-˛ F{km-bpsS A\p-Xm] {]m¿∞\ \nanØw
P\w G‰-hp-a-[nIw Ic-™p. siJ-\ymhv Hcp-h-‡m-hmbn
\n∂p-sIm-≠v, Ah-cpsS Ip‰-ta-‰p-]-d™p A\p-X-]n-°p-
I-bpw, Xß-fpsSbnS-bnse A\-[n-IrX \pIw Dt]-£n-
483
°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ C\nbpw X߃°v Hcp {]Xymi tijn-
®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v F{kmsb Hm¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-cmb kv{XoI-tfbpw Ip™p-ß-tfbpw
\o°n-°f - b
- p∂ Hcp \nbaw sNøp-hm≥ X°-hÆw F{km-
P-\sØ \bn-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ \n¿t±-in-®p. Aßs\ tZio-
b-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp am\-km-¥cw D≠m-Ip-hm≥ X°-hÆw
]ptcm-ln-X-∑mcpw tehycpw km[m-cW P\-ßfpw Cu
At]-£-tbmSp A\p-Iq-e-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿
Hcp-an®p kXyw-sN-øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
10:6˛8:˛ Aßs\ aXm-Nm-cm-{]Im-c-ap≈ Hcp s]mXp-
]-›m-Øm-]-Øn-\p-th≠n {]hm-kn-I-sf√mw sbcp-i-te-
an¬ H∂n®p IqSp-hm≥ Blzm\w sNbvXp. aq∂p-Zn-h-k-
Øn-\Iw h∂v Cu Imcy-߃ {Iao-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS
hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ I≠p-sI-´n-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw Ahsc k`-
bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa∂v `oj-Wn-s∏-Sp
Øn.
10:9˛11:˛ Cu DØ-ch
- n-t\mSp {]Xn-Ic
- n-°p-hm≥ tIhew
aq∂p-Zn-hkw am{X-ta-bp-f-fp-sh-∂-dn™ sblq-Zycpw
s_\ym-an\cpw kao] ]´-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw sbcp-i-te-
an-te°v IpXn-®p. {]Xn-Iqe Imem-hÿ Ahsc ]n¥n-cn-
∏n-®n-√, ImcWw ]cn-lc - n-°s
- ∏-tS≠ hnjbw hfsc Kpcp-
X-chpw I\-Ø-a-g-tb-°mƒ am\-knI kw{`m-¥n-bp-f-hm-
°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS AIr-Xy-߃ Hm¿∏n-®p-
W¿Øn-s°m≠v F{km IqSn-h∂ P\-tØmSv kwkm-cn®p.
10:12-˛17:˛ ssZhnI \nb-a-߃ X߃ ewLn-®n-cn-°p-
∂p- s h∂v k¿∆- k - ` bv ° pw s]s´∂v t_m[y- a m- b n.
F∂m¬, i‡-amb ag-\n-an-Ø-hpw, CØ-c-Øn-ep-ff
At\I hnj-b-߃ ssIImcyw sNøp-hm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
Xp-sIm≠pw hy‡n-]-c-amb hnj-b-߃ ]´WwtXmdpw
]cn-tim-[n-°m-sa∂v Ah¿ \n¿tZ-in-®p. Cu ]≤-Xnsb
FXn¿°p-hm≥ \mep-t]¿ {ian-®p, F¶nepw Ah¿ hnP-
bn-®n-√. AXn-\p-th≠n \ymbm-[n-]∑
- msc \nb-an-°p-Ibpw
c≠m-gvN° - p-ff
- n¬ AXns‚ At\z-jWw Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Aßs\ aq∂p amk-Øn-\p-f-fn¬ AXns‚ ]cn-
tim-[\ ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.
10:18-˛44:˛ Ip‰w Npa-Ø-s∏-´-h-cpsS ]´n-I-bmWv 18-˛43
hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv; BZyw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ (hm.18-
˛22), AXn-\p-tijw tehy¿ (hm.23,24), HSp-hn¬ a‰p
bn{km-tb-ey¿ (hm.25-˛43) 44-˛mw hmIyw C{]-Imcw hmbn-
°p-∂p: “Ch¿ F√m-hcpw A\y-Pm-Xn-°m-c-Øn-Isf
hnhmlw Ign-®n-cn-°p∂p; Ah-cn¬ Nne¿°p a°sf {]k-
hn® `mcy-amcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p”. ChnsS {]tXyIw {]kvXm-
hn-®n-´n-s√-¶nepw, Cu a°ƒ°pw `mcy-am¿°pw Poh-k-
‘m-c-W-Øn-\p-ff {Iao-I-c-W-߃ sNbvXn-cn-°p-hm≥
km[y-X-bp-≠v. Cu IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS th¿]n-cn-b¬ aqew
Df-hmb ZpxJsØ, ain-lmsb Df-hm-°p-∂-Xn\v hn[n-°-
s∏´ Hcp P\-X-bpsS ZrV-_‘w ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-
Xn-ep-ff {]m[m-\y-hp-ambn Xpe\w sNømw.
CØ-cØ- n-ep-ff A\-[n-Ir-X\
- pIw C∂pw hne°s∏´n-
cn-°p∂p (2sImcn. 6:14-˛18). ssZh-a-°-fpsSbnS-bn¬
Chsbm∂pw ImWp-hm≥ ]mSn-√. am\-km-¥-c-s∏´ Hcp-
484
h≥ Ahn-izm-kn-bp-ambn _‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬
Ah¿°p-ff ]pXn-b-\n-b-{]-amWw 1sIm-cn. 7:12, 13-˛¬
sImSp-Øn-´p-≠v. Cu Ir]m-bp-K-Øn¬, Ir]-bv°-[o-\-am-
bn-cn-°p∂ Hcp hnizm-kn, Ahn-izm-kn-bmb Xs‚ `mcy-
tbbpw a°-tfbpw Dt]-£n-t°-≠X - n-√. Ahn-izm-kn-bmb
XpW, hnizm-kn-bm¬ _mly-amb Hcp `mKym-h-ÿ-bn-
te°v th¿Xn-cn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
DW¿∆p-kw-_-‘-amb Hcp ]T-\-amWv F{km-bpsS
]pkvXIw P\w ssZh-h-N\w hmbn®v AXnse kXy-
߃ Pohn-X-Øn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°p-I-bpw, hnip-≤-
∑m¿°p-th≠n a≤y-ÿ-X-b-W®p {]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw,
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ ]m]-sØ-Ip-dn®p ]›m-Ø-]n®p G‰p-
]-d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ, ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n h≥Im-cy-
߃sN-øp-hm-\p-ff i‡n k`-bn-ep-≠m-Ipw.
ENDNOTES
1(Intro) This breakdown is from W. Gradham
Scroggie, Know your Bible, Vol.1, Old Testament, p.90
(His total, “880,” is no doubt a typographical error.)
2 (Intro) 4:8-6:18 and 7:12-26 are in Aramaic.
3(Intro) Scroggie, know your Bible Vol.1, p.91.
4(2:59-63) We do not know for certain exactly
what the Urim and Thummim were: Possibly two
precious stones, which were put inside the pouch.
They may have been used, like lots, to determine God’s
will” (Ryrie study Bible, new King james Version,
p.135). See also Ex. 28:30; Lev 8:8; Num. 27:21; Deut.
33:8; 1 sam. 28:6; Neh. 7:65
5(3:1-7) Jeshaua (or “Yeshua”) is the Herbrew
from of Jesus
6(4:6) Verses 6-23 belong later in the outline
chronology of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther.”
7(4:7-23) older books in English often called this
language” Chaldee.”
8(6:16) Edward Dennett, Exposition of the Book
of Ezra: Restoration from Babylon, p.55.
9(6:17-22)Ibid ., pp.55,56.
10 (7:1-5)G. Campbell Morgan, Searchlights from
the Word, p.131.
11(7:6-10) Although Psalm 1 is anonymous, many
bible scholars believe that Ezra is the human author
(likewise of Psalm 119, which is about the Word of
God).
12(7:27,28) In the Bible, going to Jerusalem is
always “up,” no matter from which direction one is
coming. This is partly because the city is up in also
has spiritual application: Going to God’s house is
always “up.”
13(9:5-15) H. A. Ironside, “Notes on the Book of
Ezra,” in Notes on Ezra, Nehemiah and Esther, p.90.
 485

NOTES