Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Micro e Macroeconomia
applicata
Lezione 2
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Diapositiva 2
la scelta tra diverse azioni coincide con la scelta tra le diverse conseguenze
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Diapositiva 3
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Diapositiva 4
Curva di indifferenza
Rappresenta il luogo di tutti i Per compensare una stessa riduzione
panieri tra loro indifferenti nel consumo di x1 è necessaria una
quantità diversa di x2 a seconda che ci
si trovi in punti diversi della curva di
x1 indifferenza
x1/ x2 è diverso a seconda del punto
Saggio marginale di sostituzione in cui viene calcolato
x11
x1 dx1
SMS = lim x2 →0 = x12
x2 dx2
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Diapositiva 5
Le curve di indifferenza
x2 Sono convesse, cioè la soddisfazione è
più alta sostituendo a due
panieri estremi il paniere medio
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Diapositiva 6
Quantità
Se il mio reddito aumenta => aumenta il acquistabili
budget/vincolo => la retta si sposta
verso l’alto 100,00€ /p1 x1
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Diapositiva 7
Il consumatore «standard»
Sovrapponendo lo spazio dei beni desiderati e lo spazio dei beni
acquistabili con risorse limitate…
x2
€ max/p2
Non acquistabili
€ max/p1 x1
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Diapositiva 8
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Diapositiva 9
Funzione di domanda
•la funzione di domanda lega la quantità domandata
di un bene al suo prezzo
•la curva di domanda è la rappresentazione grafica
della funzione di domanda
Distinguiamo tra:
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Diapositiva 10
La curva di domanda
La curva di domanda è quanto maggiore è il prezzo, tanto
(generalmente) decrescente minore è la quantità domandata
p
VARIAZIONE DELLA
QUANTITÀ DOMANDATA
p0
Prezzo
p1
Quantità domandata Q0 Q1 Q
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Diapositiva 11
S = p0Q0 = RT
SPESA DEI p0
CONSUMATORI
=
RICAVO TOTALE
DELLE IMPRESE
Q0 Q
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Diapositiva 12
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Diapositiva 13
Le determinanti
della funzione di domanda
La quantità domandata dipende da:
•gusti dei consumatori
•numero e prezzo dei beni sostituti
•numero e prezzo dei beni complementari
•reddito dei consumatori
•distribuzione del reddito
•aspettative di variazioni future dei prezzi
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Diapositiva 14
p VARIAZIONE DELLA
FUNZIONE DI DOMANDA
p0
D1
D0
Q0 Q1 Q
provoca uno spostamento della curva di domanda
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Diapositiva 15
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Diapositiva 16
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Diapositiva 17
Determinanti dell’elasticità
della domanda
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Diapositiva 18
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Diapositiva 19
Domanda elastica
La spesa varia nella stessa direzione della quantità
domandata
p | | > 1
• Se p aumenta, Q diminuisce
più che proporzionalmente
→ S diminuisce
• Se p diminuisce, Q aumenta D
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Diapositiva 20
Domanda anelastica
La spesa varia nella stessa direzione del prezzo
p
• Se p aumenta, Q diminuisce 0 < | | < 1
meno che proporzionalmente
→ S aumenta
• Se p diminuisce, Q aumenta
meno che proporzionalmente
→ S diminuisce
D
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Diapositiva 21
|| = 1
• È rappresentata graficamente p
da un’iperbole equilatera
• Prezzo e quantità variano p2
esattamente nella stessa
p1
identica proporzione
• La spesa rimane invariata
Q2 Q1 Q
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Diapositiva 22
Attenzione
L’elasticità della domanda al prezzo è
legata alla pendenza della curva di
domanda ma non è uguale ad essa in
ogni punto!
a(
Pendenza della curva = p / Q = a
= ( Q / Q) / ( p / p) = ( Q / p) * (p / Q) = (1 / a) * (p / Q)
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