Cemento armato: flessione 19 12 2011

Qk
Gk2
Gk1
A B C

a l

Per la struttura in figura, determinare le sollecitazioni N,V,M.

1. Progettare allo SLU le armature di flessione della trave.
2. Eseguire le verifche agli SLE (tensioni ed apertura delle fessure).

Dati
Dimensioni
l := 4.5⋅ m a := 1.5⋅ m

Carichi (valori caratteristici)

kN kN
Carichi permanenti Gk1 := 17⋅ Gk2 := 15⋅
m m
kN
Carico variabile Qk := 10⋅
m

Trave: sezione rettangolare di base B := 25⋅ cm altezza H := 45⋅ cm

copriferro d 1 := 3⋅ cm

Materiali

Acciaio fyk := 450 ⋅ MPa Es := 200000⋅ MPa n := 15

Calcestruzzo fck := 30⋅ MPa ε cu := 0.0035

Coefficienti di sicurezza (SLU)
Carichi γG1 := 1.3 γG2 := 1.5 γQ2 := 1.5
Acciaio c.a. γs := 1.15
Calcestruzzo γc := 1.5

Coefficienti di combinazione
ψ11 := 0.5 ψ21 := 0.3

Per il progetto e la verifica a flessione allo SLU della struttura in cemento

armato la resistenza di progetto del calcestruzzo deve essere moltiplicata per
0.85.

Carico uniformemente per le diverse combinazioni

kN
q SLU := 1.3⋅ Gk1 + 1.5⋅ Gk2 + 1.5⋅ Qk q SLU = 59.6
SLU m

kN
q rara := Gk1 + Gk2 + Qk q rara = 42
Comb. rara m

kN
q freq := Gk1 + Gk2 + ψ11⋅ Qk q freq = 37
Comb. frequente m

kN
Comb. quasi q qperm := Gk1 + Gk2 + ψ21⋅ Qk q qperm = 35
permanente m

Reazioni vincolari e sollecitazioni

 qSLU 
 
 q rara 
q d :=  
 q freq 
q 
 qperm 
 238.4 
1  ( l + a) 
2
YB = 
168 
Reazioni vincolari YB := ⋅ qd ⋅  ⋅ kN
l  2   148 
 140 
 
  119.2 
 
YA := qd ⋅ ( l + a) − YB YA =  84 
⋅ kN
 74 
 70 
 

Sollecitazioni

Taglio

(
Vd( x) := if x ≤ l , YA − q d⋅ x , YA + YB − q d ⋅ x )

 119.2 
VA = 
84 
Taglio massimo: VA := Vd ( 0 ) ⋅ kN
 74 
 70 
 

 −149 
−105 
VBd := Vd ( l⋅ 0.999999) VBd =  ⋅ kN
 −92.5 
 −87.5 
 

 89.4 
 
VBs := Vd ( l⋅ 1.000001) VBs =  63 
⋅ kN
 55.5 
 52.5 
 

 0 
VC =   ⋅ kN
0
VC := Vd ( l + a)
0
0
 
Momento flettente

 2
x ( x − l)
2
M d ( x) := if x ≤ l , YA⋅ x − q d ⋅ , M d ( l) + VBs⋅ ( x − l) − qd ⋅ 
 2 2 

 −67.05 
−47.25 
M B := M d ( l) MB =  ⋅ kN⋅ m
 −41.625 
 −39.375 
 
  −4.023 × − 4
 10 
 − 4
−2.835 ×
MC = 
10 
M C := M d ( l + a) ⋅ kN⋅ m
 − 4
 −2.497 × 10

 −2.362 × − 4
 10 

Momento Massimo

YA
1
xmax :=
qd
1

2 2
m ⋅s
xmax = 2 Pa
kg
 119.2 
M max = 
84 
(
M max := M d xmax )  74 
⋅ kN⋅ m
 70 
 

M maxSLU := M max M maxSLU = 119.2 kN⋅ m

0

M maxrara := M max M maxrara = 84 kN⋅ m

1

M maxfreq := M max M maxfreq = 74 kN⋅ m

2

M maxqperm := M max M maxqperm = 70 kN⋅ m

3

M BSLU := M B M BSLU = −67.05 kN⋅ m

0

M Brara := M B M Brara = −47.25 kN⋅ m

1

M Bfreq := M B M Bfreq = −41.625 kN⋅ m

2

M Bqperm := M B M Bqperm = −39.375 kN⋅ m

3
Progetto allo SLU delle armature della trave in cemento armato

sezione di momento massimo in campata:

fyk 0.85fck
fyd := fyd = 391.304 ⋅ MPa fcd := fcd = 17⋅ MPa
γs γc

d := H − d 1 = 42⋅ cm

M maxSLU 2
Ascmin := = 8.059⋅ cm
0.9⋅ d ⋅ fyd

ϕs := 16mm

 4Ascmin 
n sc := ceil  =5
 π⋅ ϕ 2 
 s 

2
 ϕs  2
Asc := n sc⋅ π⋅   = 10.053⋅ cm
2 

sezione di momento negativo all'appoggio in B:

M BSLU 2
AsBmin := = 4.533⋅ cm
0.9⋅ d ⋅ fyd

ϕs1 := 16mm

 4AsBmin 
n sB := ceil =3
 π⋅ ϕ 2 
 s 

(
n sB := max n sB , 2 ) n sB = 3

2
ϕs1 2
AsB := n sB⋅ π⋅ = 6.032⋅ cm
4
 Calcolo del momento ultimo in campata

armatura bilanciata

2
ϕs1 2
n s1c := 2 As1c := ns1c⋅ π⋅ = 4.021⋅ cm
4

fyd −3
ε yd := ε yd = 1.957 × 10
Es

 fyd 
σs( ε ) := if  ε < , Es⋅ ε , fyd⋅ sign( ε) 
Es
 

ε cu ( zb − d 1 ) −3
zb := d ⋅ = 26.94⋅ cm ε s1b := ε cu⋅ = 3.11 × 10
(εcu + εyd) zb

(0.81fcd⋅ B⋅ zb) 2 2
Asb := + As1c = 27.722⋅ cm Asc = 10.053⋅ cm < Asb
fyd

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per As<Asb e εs1>εyd

(Asc − As1c)⋅ fyd

zc1 := = 6.856⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

(zc1 − d1) −3
ε s1 := ε cu⋅ = 1.969 × 10 isw := εs1 < ε yd = 0
zc1

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per per As<Asb ε s1 <εyd

(Asc⋅ fyd − As1c⋅ εcu⋅ Es)

β := = 3.25⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

(As1c⋅ εcu⋅ d1⋅ Es) 2

γ := = 24.53⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

2
β+ β + 4⋅ γ
zc2 := = 6.838⋅ cm
2
 Posizione dell'asse neutro

(
zc := if isw = 0 , zc1 , zc2 = 6.856⋅ cm )

( zc − d 1 ) −3
ε s1 := ε cu⋅
zc
= 1.969 × 10 (
σs1 := min Es⋅ εs1 , fyd )

( )
M u := Asc⋅ fyd⋅ d − 0.42⋅ zc − As1c⋅ σs1 ⋅ d 1 − 0.42⋅ zc = 153.703 ⋅ kN⋅ m ( )
> M maxSLU = 119.2⋅ kN⋅ m

Verifica delle tensioni in campata

2
Astot := Asc + As1c Astot = 14.074⋅ cm

Asc⋅ d + As1c⋅ d 1
d G := d G = 30.857⋅ cm
Astot

 2 ⋅ B⋅ d G  n⋅ Astot
zc := 1+ − 1 ⋅ zc = 15.896⋅ cm
 n ⋅ Astot  B

3
B ⋅ zc
+ n ⋅ As1c⋅ zc − d 1 ( ) ( ) 
2 2 5 4
Jn := + Asc⋅ zc − d Jn = 1.463 × 10 ⋅ cm
3 

M maxrara
σcrara := ⋅ zc σcrara = 9.129⋅ MPa < 0.6⋅ fck = 18 MPa
Jn

M maxqperm
σcqperm := ⋅ zc σcqperm = 7.608⋅ MPa < 0.45⋅ fck = 13.5 MPa
Jn

M maxrara
σsrara := n ⋅
Jn
(
⋅ d − zc ) σsrara = 224.882 ⋅ MPa < 0.8⋅ fyk = 360 MPa
 Calcolo del momento ultimo all'appoggio in B

2
ϕs 2
n s1B := 2 As1B := n s1B⋅ π⋅ = 4.021⋅ cm
4

armatura bilanciata

(0.81fcd⋅ B⋅ zb) 2 2
AsbB := + As1B = 27.722⋅ cm AsB = 6.032⋅ cm < Asb
fyd

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per As<Asb e εs1>εyd

(AsB − As1B)⋅ fyd

zc1 := = 2.285⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

(zc1 − d1) −3
ε s1 := ε cu⋅ = −1.094 × 10 isw := εs1 < ε yd = 1
zc1

Calcolo della posizione dell'asse neutro per per As<Asb ε s1 <εyd

(AsB⋅ fyd − As1B⋅ εcu⋅ Es)

β := = −1.32⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

(As1B⋅ εcu⋅ d1⋅ Es) 2

γ := = 24.53⋅ cm
0.81fcd⋅ B

2
β+ β + 4⋅ γ
zc2 := = 4.336⋅ cm
2

Posizione dell'asse neutro

( )
zc := if isw = 0 , zc1 , zc2 = 4.336⋅ cm

( zc − d 1 ) −3
ε s1 := ε cu⋅ = 1.079 × 10
zc (
σs1 := min Es⋅ εs1 , fyd )
( ) ( )
M u := AsB⋅ fyd⋅ d − 0.42⋅ zc − As1B⋅ σs1 ⋅ d 1 − 0.42⋅ zc = 93.811⋅ kN⋅ m > M BSLU = 67.05⋅ kN⋅ m
 Verifica delle tensioni all'appoggio in B

AsB⋅ d + As1B⋅ d 1
d G := d G = 18.857⋅ cm
Astot

 2 ⋅ B⋅ d G  n⋅ Astot
zc := 1+ − 1 ⋅ zc = 11.299⋅ cm
 n ⋅ Astot  B

3
B ⋅ zc
+ n ⋅ As1B⋅ zc − d 1
( ) ( ) 
2 2 5 4
Jn := + AsB⋅ zc − d Jn = 1.015 × 10 ⋅ cm
3 

M Brara
σcrara := ⋅ zc σcrara = 5.262⋅ MPa < 0.6⋅ fck = 18 MPa
Jn

M Bqperm
σcqperm := ⋅ zc σcqperm = 4.385⋅ MPa < 0.45⋅ fck = 13.5 MPa
Jn

M Brara
σsrara := n ⋅
Jn
(
⋅ d − zc ) σsrara = 214.474 ⋅ MPa < 0.8⋅ fyk = 360 MPa

Verifica dell'ampiezza delle fessure in campata

fck := 30

0.3
 fck + 8 4
Ecm := 22000   MPa Ecm = 3.284 × 10 MPa
 10 

( )
3
fctm := 0.3⋅ fck MPa fctm = 2.896 MPa

Es
χs := χs = 6.091
Ecm

( )
 
Aceff := B⋅ min2.5⋅ ( H − d) ,
(H − zc) , H
 3 2

2.5⋅ ( H − d) = 7.5 cm
( H − z c) = 11.234 cm
H
= 22.5 cm
3 2

Asc
ρeff := ρeff = 0.054
Aceff

w1 := 0.2mm

w2 := 0.3mm

w3 := 0.4mm

k1 := 0.8 k2 := 0.5 k3 := 3.4 k4 := 0.425

ϕs
c := d1 − c = 22 mm
2
ϕs
smax := k3 ⋅ c + k1 ⋅ k2 ⋅ k4⋅ smax = 125.531 mm
ρeff
kt := 0.4

M maxfreq
σsfreq := n⋅
Jn
(
⋅ d − zc ) σsfreq = 335.895 ⋅ MPa

M maxqperm
σsqperm := n⋅
Jn
(
⋅ d − zc ) σsqperm = 317.739 ⋅ MPa

1  fctm  −3
ε smfreq :=
Es
⋅ σsfreq − kt⋅
ρeff
(
⋅ 1 + χs⋅ ρeff ) ε smfreq = 1.536 × 10
 

1  fctm  −3
ε smqperm :=
Es
⋅ σsqperm − kt⋅
ρeff
(
⋅ 1 + χs⋅ ρeff ) ε smqperm = 1.445 × 10
 

wdfreq := ε smfreq⋅ smax wdfreq = 0.193 mm < w3 = 0.4 mm

wdqperm := ε smqperm⋅ smax wdqperm = 0.181 mm < w2 = 0.3 mm