Marius Burtea Georgeta Burtea

Cornelia Bascdu, Aniqoara Bl6naru, Silvia Brabeceanu, MihaelaBrdnzea, Carmen Cilinescu,

Ruxandra Cristea, R5zvan Cristescu, Marijana Dragomir, Georgiana Dumiku, Beatrice Ioni!6,
Marieta M5rtoiu, Adriana Moraru, Tudorila Neagoe, Paula Nica, Gabriela Nistor,
Daniela Soare, Felix Tuinete, Mariana Urziceanu, Sergiu Vaicir

-tSlt
CI aX-a

MATEMATICA
), exercitii
Probleme si
Teste
semestrul I
. mulfimi de numere
I tuncfii
r ecualii

servicii, resurse, tehnic

CAMPION
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 @ NUMEREREALE.
Gffi
r*-{ffi
1.1 RADICALUL DE ORDIN r
-.:1::"1-{#

#
s;if :4 DINTR-UN NUnrAn RATIONAL, n e {Z,l} ,

rnormnri.lr.
ffii*$,sk*FffF*$$$
\ c Radicalul de ordinul 2 dintr-un numd,r real pozitiv.
Se numegte radicalul de ordinul2 dint-un num6r real pozitiv r , numirul real pozitiv a
clrui putere a doua este egali ou x.
12
Se noteazi 4fi rau
"fi.
G>o (.,6)'=x, vxe(0,+o) vyelR. 16'=0.
^[f =pl,
)o Aulocrelatiile: $i 9i
)4
Exemple: d J4=2;b),8=i, .).Fry=l-zl=?; O
mplex. .....................,........,..25 m=*
,'.....,,..',.....'.,.21 o Radicalul de ordin i al unui numdrreal.
,. Ecuafli bipdtrate...,.....,,....., 3 I Se numegte radicalul de ordinul 3 al numdrului real r, numdrul real a cdrui putere a feia
*34
este egal6 cu numirul x. Se noteazi {6.
36
36 Au loc relafiile: {6 e m. $i (i6)' = x, Vx G IR.
40
42
Exemple: l

45 a) lld =2, deoarece 23 =8.

48
56
b) {/Ef =-L deoarece (-1)'=-t.
55 c) al-o,tx =-0,5 ,deoarece (+,s)' =4,125.
64
...........................67 fn =--.3 deoarece 1r\'
Jf-- 27
I -- | =--.
d)
Yo+ 4' (4/ 64

71 Proprietdli ale radicalilor :

Radicalul produsului
a) JA =J;'Ji, a,b={o,+m);

Jrf ,r.-' r. = JA. Jrr....' Jo* a11d2t...ta1e [0,+o).

97 b) {ob ={;'1fb, a,b e JR;
{q.u' *4 = {i' {u'...' 414, 4,b,,...,4 . R.
2. Putereaunuiradical
a) (6f = J7, oe[o,+o), zeN;
b) (4;)^ =tr17, oeJR, rzeN.
3. Radicalulunuiraport

Mu[imi de numere

-
 oPurly gp rlttlllr
*i-r*__y!_ylt:_Il'{*:[3T9]99gyr*u_wrgtyt-{
Bep IFolcBJ ElBocs 0s ES 's
:€r.,gt (q :-{l_.'g,A (e
Fnl9um ezolncl€c 0s Ps 't
:rt.rv1" :_rs.r€l (e (e
@
:ozaFclBc os Ps 't
rl)lErrrjn ozolncl€c es ES '€ '0 > gA- s'repcsy .z- * z_) =
:45t (t :gtz.ly (e
= Il_($ y *q ffi
u
*r'5| +,* = -rl=,pc prlnzau .,(st_,)=
l$ M
tr- u'| unrrroo., (q
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'N sa'repu$v's = EA
(q
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-/! +sh:Lz-h
J-U '*A :1epse q1du1s reru uruJoJ qns $
orJcs es D InxpurnN (e
:,(r)l :_-!l (u :'o>EA-q (q N3D (u
l'#l ,',t :pc tfelprv
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:6z6lnclBc es nsp os L
Es 'I _,(f-*r)|. "(i - rl *l,z-l* o ,rrr"roJerounu
W or_=
r fg)A_ ooor1t ,i=
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,( r_!,- _ll'
li)1,= Ci
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= ecltr :ue^v (e
r es
000I
.r erinlos eurfqo i\. /z 1\ . ,
=
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-.1.;.. r-rz
:azeJnclsc es ps
,i.
uruos 3p InloqEl urc
'.,i::Jo 0=t-x9+fZ 'Q
> D rcrmle .y
e !ft > lt > q,D p)eq (q
) :iiipuor ound eg (q iq> p e
lf> rcrmle (m+.gf
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 c)

4. S5 se determine .x € IR. pentru care sunt definite expresiile:

a) Jor*z: b) .,6r'*rr-:,, c) 1617* iE

l.\-z
a) Se pune condi{ia de existenld a radicalului de ordinul 2'. 6x + 2 ) 0. Se obline succesiv:
-) I tl \
6x2 -2= x ) j=
6 x ) -l3= x e iL3
--,+* i.
,/

b) Se pune condilia de existen!5 2x? +5x-3 ) 0. Se rezolvl ecua{ia de gradul doi

2x2 +5x*3= 0 oblindndu-se L= 49 $i Jq =-r, r, =1
Din tabelul de semn
-@ -3
Zx2+5x-3 l*+++0-
se obline sotu{ia x e (-.o,-3] r[*, *)
c) Conditiile de existenfd pentru cei doi radicali sunt: 9-r2 > 0, respectiv
=\ g)
r,l =g7' xe1R", r-2*0 (condiliadeexistenldafracliei). Seobfine xe[-:,:] qi x*2, adicd
xe [-:,:] t {z} .

ffiffiTN#ffi\llfl$llilillIM\ffi
1. Sd se calculeze:
."...............-..:

\ 9 - 4j5. Ardta(i cd:

a)
f; tr.r
JF,6'ffi'/ft); Jz.zs: n/o,ooo,, il;.y*or aeR'. beIR*r
t;,
b) {-n;W;iF, i[#'
2. S[ se calculeze urm6torii radicali:

iEG; b) t[-srz; .) 0
-l -.,5. iar a)

3. SI se calculeze
cy ift.07; ar
ffi;
urmltorii radicali folosind proprietS(ile radicalilor:
m, iF0,00r; el

r .r6f ; 0 ,[{V; c) .(1,44)1 , o),(rf; o !zot'"6A

4. S[ se calouleze urmitorii radicali folosind proprietitile radicalilor:

o S'6%'.

3rcitii -CLASAaX-a Multimi de numerc

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: : (e
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t
q g -v L
:
',,a'oJgrz) tr ',(i-) ,t ,W'? (l
L+xZ- zxs-f =?)g ',(*-)A
ul aluol€A ounuJepp es 'tI Zt _T
9s
:906l'st+Wt (q :a- ,o (3
:rr (e
.st-z 'r .z-* ',,v
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rtl
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 (-tt, a <o,b <o; e)
lJr-fl.l€-..61.. *l"E-Jr001; 0 l{l-{61.1fi-.6l. .lVi"-,ffi|.
12. Si se determine r pentru care existl expresiile:
Gi , f-2.
c) otl
a)
I.-rt {lt*r,;
vt

VJx -:
.,r. lrEl; D
-,
J-x'+lx-ro
r=* 15, ",600;
b)
d*
13. Sd se determine valorile integi ale lui x pentru caxe sunt definite expresiile :

a) E(x)= "[-55 a,6i ; q E(x)=O:7 .ff-,

:L::1 :

-'-. .-'-l'
r r',|.
c) E(x)=
14. Sd se scrie frrd
fi-^1..r,
radicali
a1 E(x)=
E.
expresiile:
E.
3 = (.,J,7 -.lr), :, lx'+rl-tt-{f .J6-3f , unde re(-oo,0);
rr\
1 /a
., {4; -.1:=*Ji:,+r)'-J(a-2a)2, aeN, beZ\N.
I

l. urde
:) (-3)'
-.tr!J
!
15. Sd se aducd la o formd mai simplE expresiile:
-I
sr .0J64. a) E(r) = {r-4t.1ffi, x e(-3;2);
,. r.rrrnut expresiilor: ;) E(x)={IilT*J7,xe(r;2) ; E(x)=i(,_f,-GT,x.t;
d)
3) E(x)=lr-+l+ 't--' -zrQ-zy , xe(2;4) ; D E(x)=.,(,_sf -F-r'y, xe(:;oo) '
lnpare cu 1 rapoartele:

16. sa se determine mullimile denumere:, = x1 . x);

l*. ffi
t: n ordine crescitoare
i={,.*l \m=ro}, c={,.*l ffi=x}, a ={r.ul
:-i: )."r(r),1(r.Jr) 17. Se se determine mullimile :

a) t=\*e N/Ja-, . x) ; b) a ={*e N/Vl2-x. x} ;

c)
'ei!.: reale a Si b care
1t. a) SI se scrie expresiile ca un cdt de radicali :
,2
-i:-1) =0. Ix-Z / aa\ . iii1.ft-r[,+r),pe'ntru
xe(-z,t); ,,'u lTl--1171- x<-1'
r) penfru x<-1; ii)
l# l#,pentru
b) Sd se determine valorile reale ale lui x pentu care au loc egalititile :
------------
6-2"11)' r) CGO=.6..6*, ; ii) S(;T=J-Gr+t '

l-ri08: m G+l E; ,r;z

iii)
l;=7;; rv)
{3-,=i[-]'
c) in ce condilii funcliile f : D -+ lR si g : D' -+ lR sunt egale, daci :

rerciiii - CLASA aX-a Mu{imi de numere

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-rt urnulsuoc '.N 3 ,/ oJeolel ,:l - y '
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:olrmz€J u1 'f iS r rolaJaunu u pcrrlsuoeE uperu rS pcnouqrJe
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u
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9 19'uI 1e31se 'N3 g', ourilrolap es ?s (q
,\T'l - ' )= Tv'
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,kf
J,\ . 3 rzA ,19
_N (a)a pc€p ocgrrol es pS (c
= = \u)v apsordxe alJ '92 =
(sz)t ,r"1n lec os qs (q
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; '(S)S ,(V)S , (f)A rre1r,"1€c es qS (E
'(6)g ezepcl?c es ES (P '
N 3,/' {t* rz)+"'+s+€+ tA =@)s ursordxe erg '02
lJ 9c ezer$uouep os PS (r 'otf,+611 (t : gA+zA (r{ (8
,p ?3r€ol€A ocglJo^ as ps (q
, 2l*sl*sA u : l^+el (a (p
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: JoloJe[rnu e p8ee4ug eeged ezepclec es pS '6I
=lu\ ! eprserdxe nsp oS 'SZ
!r,tl,z-t=(,)a 1s (r-rs-)rzl=(").r ru ,ffi=(,)a,, =?)t (r
iiiil i ;j .rffbi,lir{, A
9r.r)= "t-z.'h;+l 25. Se dau expresiile r(n)=[.fi'.l].[i7+ l. . .l'l*" -zr)*
r(")=[J,].[Jr]*...*[J,], r eN

a) Sdsearate cd n2 1n'+k<(ru+1)' ,Yn,k eN, k<2n.

b) SI se verifice valoarea de adevdr a afirmaliei ' [Jr'
L' ./.-lJ = n, Yn,k e N, k 2r
< .

c) Si se demonstreze cd f (") = 2r2, Vn e N- '

C) Sd se calculeze E(9).
e) Sd se calculeze E(a9).

26. Fie expresiile A(n)==!-=*-=+-r , n>-2 si

Jt+Jz Jz+J: 'ln'l+,ln
111
E (x) = r[*'E . *"6*"5 ..... rnlro*1ffi .

a) Sd se demonstreze cd +----
Jlr-t+Jlr
= Ji -,{k1,VteN-.

b) SE se arate ca (J,r + t)a(n)e N,Vr e N..

Jrr I sd se calcuieze media
c) SI se calcule ze peultea intreagd qi partea frac{ionard a numdrului I (l0l ) .

d) SE se verifice daca E(x) = vr(r00)n Vx > 0.

e) S[ se catculeze numdrul ,(!m)

\:8r10.6.
27. a) Sd se demonstreze cd n +t s ^{i(r.+l) < n +2, Vn e N-
-rl1-6rEeN; b) sr se calculeze suma, = [rD;].' [JtC],' ["141)...' + 1013], unae [x]
[J2010
este partea lnteag[ a num[rului real x . (Concurs de matematicd aplicald "A. Haimovici", 201 l,
etapa Jude{eand)
28. Fie punctele O(0,0) $i P" (1,0). Pentm fiecare
valoare r e N-, construim triunghiul OP,\*,,
dreptunghic in {, , cu cateta \,P,*, de lungime 1 , avAnd
I)-
interioarele disjuncte doul cdte doud (vezi figura l,
''Spirala radicalilor")
ls
a) Construili punctele P2 , P3, P, (conform
algoritmului menlionat) qi calculati lungimile laturilor
OP., OP3, OPo.Ce observa(i ?
b) Verificafi daci lungimea segmentului OP, este un
;iumdr ra{ional.
c) Stabildi valoarea de adevdr a afirma(iei : "Lungimea segmentului O{ este egal6 cu

,[i ,vn e N"'"

d) Calculatri cardinalul mullimii ,4 , rurde :

1={o eQl, .rt. lungimea segmentului OP,, pentru n e N-,n S 16} .

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