Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
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úoHdj
7 fY%aKsh
09 mdvu
wdf,dalh
(Light)
WORK BOOK
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ieliqu-rkaosu pkaøcs;a
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mdroDYH
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''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mdrNdil
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-1-
mdrdkaO
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07&
05& fijke,s Ndú;fhka lrkq ,nk úúO
ks¾udKd;aul m%ix. kQ;k l,d f,dalfha
ckms%h fjñka mj;S' tjeks m%ix. wjia:d
lsysmhla my; oelafõ'
-2-
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iQ¾hhd fkdfmkS hhs' fuu isÿùu
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iQ¾h.%yKhla f,i ye|skafõ'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;, o¾mK u.ska iEfok m%;sìïn
08& wdf,dal m%Njfhka ksl=;a jk uq¿
10&
wdf,dalh u fnda,h ;=< fldgig
wdf,dalh ,efnkqfha m%Njfha r;= fldgiska
h' tA nj by; rEm igykska yd Tn l<
l%shdldrlfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' wdf,dal
m%Njfhka ksl=;a jk wksl=;a wdf,dal lsrK
ksid ^fomiska ksl=;a jk& Wm Pdhdj we;s
fõ' fï wkqj Wm Pdhdj fldgi we;s
jkafka m%Njfha tla fldgilska muKla
,efnk wdf,dalh ksid nj meyeÈ,s fõ'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
09& iQ¾h.%yK iy pkaø.%yK we;s jkafka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fijke,s ^Pdhd& we;sùu fya;=fjks' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
11&
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-3-
12&
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13& iqug È,sfik iu;, mDIaGhla ;, '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
o¾mKhla f,i ye`oskaúh yels h' rEm
igykl ;, o¾mKhla olajkafka fufia
h ^9'15 rEmh&
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-4-
;, o¾mKfhka iEfok m%;sìïnhl my; 18&
i`oyka ,laIK ksÍlaIKh l< yels fõ'
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19&
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-5-
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-6-
yels h' iíueÍkj, yd nxlrj, fuh 31& wdf,dal loïnhla iE§ we;af;a wdf,dal
Ndú; fõ' lsrK iuQyhla tl;+ ùfuks' iudka;r
wdf,dal loïn" wmidÍ wdf,dal loïn yd
jl% o¾mk u.ska iEfok m%;sìïn
wNsidÍ wdf,dal loïn my; wdldrhg
26& ksrEmKh lrkq ,efí'
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wj;, o¾mk
-7-
37& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' o¾mK
wdf,dalh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lsÍug
fhdod .; yels h'
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-8-
39& by; l%shdldrlug wkqj iEfok 40& tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wj;, o¾mK Ndú;
m%;sìïnfha ,laIK mokï lrf.k my; jk wjia:d
j.=j mqrjkak'
²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
bá m%;sìïn Wvql=re m%;sìïnf '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mkaou h $ ha m%udKh
²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;enQ ;srhlg hál=re
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ia:dk .; yels nj
h $ ²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fkdyels '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
nj ²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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W;a;, o¾mK
-9-
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úg iEfok m%;sìïnfha iajNdjh fjkia
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fkdjk nj meyeÈ,s fõ'
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43& W;a;, o¾mKj,ska iEfok m%;sìïnj,
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úYd,;ajh ms<sU`o wOHhkh
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²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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²'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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45& idrdxYh
- 10 -
Pdhdjla oelsh yels jkafka wdf,dal m%Njh
jia;+jg wdikakj msysá úg h'
- 11 -
mdi,a úoHd.drfha fujeks ,laIK iys;
úoHdj WmlrKhla f,i
7 fY%aKsh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' y`ÿkd .;
10 mdvu yels h'
wKaùlaIfha ksjeros ir, wKajSlaIh
Ndú;h 03& W;a;, ldphlg rduqjla iys; ñgla iú
(The Correct Use of the
lsÍfuka w;a ldph fyj;a ir, wKaùlaIh
Microscope)
ksmojd we;'
WORK BOOK
ieliqu-rkaosu pkaøcs;a
01& wKajSlI
a hla hkq l=ulao@
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
04& mqj;a m;l wl=re w;a ldphla
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Ndú;fhka ksÍlaIKhg ,la lrkak' fuys
02& § w;a ldph;a wei;a w;r ÿr fkdfjkia j
;nd f.k jia;=j ^wl=re& muKla iSre udre
lsÍug j. n,d .kak'
- 12 -
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 08& mqj;a m;l j¾Kj;a mska;+rhla w;a
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ldpfhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § wod< rEmh
l=vd ;s;a rdYshlska iE§ we;s nj;a mshú
06& w;a ldphla fhdod .ksñka úúO øjH
weig jvd w;a ldpfhka ksÍlaIKfha § th
ksÍlaIKhg ,la lrkak' Tnf.a ksÍlaIK
jvd;a fyd`Èka meyeÈ,s jk nj;a Tng
my; mßÈ j.=.; lrkak' tA idïm,j, we;s
wjfndaO jkq we;' fuhska fmkS hkafka
mshú weig meyeÈ,sj fkdfmfkk foa fjka
mshú wefia úfNaok yelshdjg jvd w;a
lsÍug W;aidy lrkak'
ldpfha úfNaok yelshdj jeä njhs'
ksÍlaIKhg ,la ksÍlaIK
09& l%shdldrlu
l, øjH
1' mia idïm,h úúO m%udKfha je,s
leg" fndr¿ olakg
,enqKs' lDñ i;=ka
lsysmfofkl=
olakg ,enqKs'
2'
3'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
tl <`. msysá ,laIH folla mshú weiska '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
n,d fjkalr y`ÿkd .ekSug wju jYfhka ,laIH fol w;r mr;rh jeäfhka ;sfnk
tu ,laIH fol w;r mr;rh fia ksÍlaIKh jQfha;a úYd,kh Wmßu
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''' la muK úh hq;= h' tkï jQfha;a w;a ldp folla fhdod.;a úg § nj
mshú wefia úfNaokh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Tng meyeÈ,s jkakg we;' fï wkqj jeä
muK fõ' úYd,khla yd jeä úfNaok yelshdjla ,nd
.ekSu i|yd w;a ldp folla tkï W;a;,
- 13 -
ldp folla fhdod.; hq;= nj Tng 13& ixhqla; wdf,dal wKaùlaIhl fldgia
jegfykakg we;' y`ÿkd .ekSu
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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- 14 -
14& wKaùlaIfha tla tla flgi ms<sU`o
fláfhka úia;r lrñka my; j.=j 15& b;sydifhka ì`ola''''
iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ixhqla; wdf,dal wKaùlaIhla m%:u j;djg
wKaùlafha úia;rh ksmojk ,oafoa iefÉßhia cekaika
fldgi ifydaorhka úisks' tys Wmßu úYd,k n,h
x9 ls'
- 15 -
16& ixhqla; wdf,dal wKaùlaIhla Ndú; 5' oEiu újD;j ;nd myiq wei Wmfk;g 1
lsÍfï ksjerÈ ms<sfj< mshjr 9lska" cm muK ÿßka ;nd .ksñka wjn, wjfk;"
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' o< iSreudrej Ndú;fhka meyeÈ,s
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m%;sìïnhla ,efnk f;la by<g /f.k
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' tkak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
6' ishqï iSre udrej Ndú;fhka m%;sìïnh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
jvd;a meyeÈ,s lr .kak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 7' wjYH kï ueÈ n, yd wê n, wjfk;
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fhdod .ksñka iSre udrej wdOdrfhka ;Sj%
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' meyeÈ,s m%;sìïnhla ,nd .; yels h'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 8' ksÍlaIKfhka miqj r¿ iSre udrej u.ska
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wjn, wjfk; by<g /f.k tkak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
9' kso¾Ylh bj;a lr msßisÿ úh<s lmq frÈ
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lene,a,lska ldp yd fõÈldj msi oukak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
17& wKaùlaIh Ndú;fha § ie,ls,su;a úh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
hq;= lreKq
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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1' m<uqj wKaùlaIh ;sria fïihla u;
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ia:djrj ;nkak' ^oeä ysre /ia fkdjefgk
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ia:dkhl ;nkak&
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' o< iSreudrej Ndú;fhka wjn, wjfk; '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
my<g /f.k tkak' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' o¾mKh yd m%dÖrh iSreudre lrñka myiq '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wei Wmfk;g ;nd oEi újD;j ;nd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
.ksñka meyeÈ,s wdf,dal ,mhla ,nd .kak' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ms<sfh< lr .;a lodj fõÈldj u; la,sm '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
u.ska iúlr .kak' 1' wKaùlaIh /f.k hdfï § yqre w;ska
ndyqfjka w,a,df.k wfkla w; wKaùlaIh
- 16 -
mdoh háka ;nd we`. foig u`ola we,fjk
fia ord isáh hq;= h'
- 17 -
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
muK fõ' fuh ksfrda.S weil úfNaok
yelshdj fuka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
.=Khlska by< fõ' ffjria wdf,dal
wKaùlaIfhka ksÍlaIKh l< fkdyels
w;r bf,lafg%dak wKaùlaIfhka
ksÍlaIKh l< yels h'
ñksidf.a fldmq,a ffi, wdf,dal
wKaùlaIfhka ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § olakg
,efnk wdldrh iy tys f¾Çh igyk
my; ±lafõ'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
bf,lafg%dak wKaùlaIh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
21& bf,lafg%dak wKaùlaIh wdf,dal lsrK '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fjkqjg bf,lafg%dak loïnhla Wmfhda.S '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lr.kq ,efí' fï i|yd iÔù kso¾Yl '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Ndú; l< fkdyels h' bf,lafg%dak '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wKaùlaIhl Wmßu úYd,k n,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .=Khla muK '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fõ' tys Wmßu úfNaokh
- 18 -
² wdf,dal wKaùlaIhg jvd jeä úYd,k
n,hla yd úfNaok yelshdjla bf,lafg%dak
wKaùlaIh i;=j we;'
23& idrdxYh
- 19 -
iriq, kdo lr fmd,siaghßka fnda,h
úoHdj iómhg f.k wdúg th hka;ñka p,kh
7 fY%aKsh jk nj ksÍlaIKh l< yels fõ' iriqf,a
11 mdvu lïmk we;sjk wjia:dfõ § muKla
èjksh fmd,sig
a hsßka fnda,fha p,k we;sjk nj
(Sound) meyeÈ,s h'
WORK BOOK
ieliqu-rkaosu pkaøcs;a
èjks ckkh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fifuka l;d lrk wjia:dfõ § W.=frys
02& lïmkhla hkq l=ulao@
we;sjk lïmk weÕs,sj,g oefka' Yío
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' k`.d l;d lsÍfï § tu lïmkh fyd¢ka
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ±fka' lïmkhla oefkkafka W.=frys we;s
iajr ;ka;% f,i ye¢kafjk mg, lïmkh
ùu ksid h' fï wkqj wfma lgy~ we;s
jkafka lïmkhla fya;= fldg f.k nj
;yjqre fõ'
- 20 -
èjks m%Njh lïmkh jk oE
- 21 -
èjks iïfm%aIKh fuys § >Kagd irdj ;=< jd;h we;s úg
muKla iSkf
q õ Yíoh wefik nj meyeÈ,s
fõ' jd;h ke;s ysia wjldYhl § ^ßla;hl
§& úÿ,s iSkqfõ Yíoh fkd wefia' fï wkqj
èjksh .uka lsÍu i`oyd udOHhla wjYH
nj meyeÈ,s fõ' mka;s ldurfha § .=re;=ud
l:d lrk Yíoh wefikafka jd;h yryd
wfma lk fj; Yíoh .uka lsÍu ksid h'
tfy;a wNHjldYfha § wNHjldY.dóka
03& mka;s ldurfha § .=re;=ud l:d lrk
fofokl= w;r idudkH l;dny tlsfkldg
Yíoh Tng fyd¢ka wefia' tfy;a
Y%jKh l< fkd yelafla wNHjldYh ;=<
wNHjldYh ;=< § wNHjldY.dóka
jd;h fkdue;s ùu ksid Yíoh .uka fkd
fofokl= fld;rï iómfha isáh;a Tjqka
lrk neúks' fï wkqj ysia wjldYhl §
l:d lrk Yíoh tlsfkldg fkd wefia'
Yíoh .uka fkdlrk nj;a Yíoh .uka
óg fya;=j l=ula o@
lsÍug udOHhla wjYH nj;a ;yjqre fõ'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
05& èjks iïfm%aIKh hkq l=ulao@
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
04&
06& èjksh jd;h yryd muKla fkdj øj
yd >k udOHh ;=<ska o .uka lrhs'
- 22 -
;=<ska Yíoh .uka lrk nj thska meyeÈ,s jvd >k øjH ;=<ska Yíoh fõ.fhka .uka
fõ' .xj;=rg my;a ìï hg ù we;s lsÍu thg fya;=jhs' c,h ;=< isgskáfhl=g
wjia:dj, § ta wi, uyd ud¾.j, .uka fvd,aFska i;=ka c,h ;= oS § y`v k.k úg
lrk jdykj, Yíoh fjkodg jvd b;d Wia y`vla ^;Sj% y`v& f,i th wefia'
jeäfhka wefia' Bg fya;=j jd;hg jvd kuq;a c,fhka msg;g wd úg tu y`v
fõ.hlska øj ;=<ska èjksh .uka lrhs' wefikafka b;d isyk
s a y`vla ^fl`Èßhla&
f,i h' c,h ;=< § jd;hg jvd fõ.fhka
Yíoh .uka lsÍu thg fya;=jhs'
08& wE; tk ÿïßhl y~ jvd;a fyd¢ka wl=Kq .eiSul § wdf,dalh yd .s.sreï y`v
Y%jKh lsÍug f¾,a mS,a,g lk ;eîu we;s jkafka tl u fudfyd;l § h' kuq;a
w;S;fha ñksiqka úiska lrk ,§' ^fuh wdf,dalh wm fj; blaukska <`.d jk w;r
wkdrlaIs; l%shdjla nj i,lkak'& jd;hg Yíoh wefikqfha Bg iq¿ fõ,djlg miqj
- 23 -
h' Yíoh .uka lrk fõ.h wdf,dalfha
fõ.hg jvd wvq ùu thg fya;=jhs'
11& idrdxYh
- 24 -
úoHdj
7 fY%aKsh
12 mdvu
ffcj l%shdj,s
(Biological Processes) 05& we;eï cSùkaf.a foayh ;ks ffi,hlska
WORK BOOK hqla; fõ' tksid Tjqkaf.a foay
ieliqu-rkaosu pkaøcs;a l%shdldß;ajh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' h'
fï wkqj cSjfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
cSjfha ixúOdk uÜgï tallh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,i
01& ye`oskaúh yelsh'
fujeks cSùka
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' cSùka
f,i ye`oskaúh yel'
02& cSù foay iEoS ;sfnkafkao by;
wdldrhg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' rdYshla
tl;= ùfuks' tu ;ekqï tallh
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,i ye`oskafõ'
- 25 -
ilia jQ ixúOdk uÜgu
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,i ye`oskúh yel'
ffi,h
wjhjh
12&
mglh
09& hï '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' bgq
lsÍu i`oyd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' talrdYS ù
- 26 -
13& wjhjhl ,laIK"
moaO;sh
14& hï ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fyda
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' bgq lsÍug
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iuQyhla 16&
iïnkaO ù ieliqkq ixúOdk uÜgu
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f,i ye`oskafõ'
- 27 -
cSúhd 19& fuu cSj l%shd i`oyd
17& ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wjYH fõ'
ish,a, tlg tl;= ù ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 20& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"
iEfoa' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' l%shd isÿlrk
úg fukau wm ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
isák úgo YßÍh ;=, m%;sl%shd rdYshla
isÿfjñka mj;S' ta i`oyd
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wjYH fõ'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,nd.kafka wm
,nd.kakd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''"
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ;=,oS
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' iu`.
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' lsÍfuks'
^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
- 28 -
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fkdfõ' wdydr cS¾Kh 26& udkj cS¾K moaO;sfha tla tla wjhj"
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' isÿfõ' tajdfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' yd
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' my; mßos fõ'
24& ñksia wdydr cS¾K moaO;sh m%Odk
ld¾hh 2la isÿlrhs' uqL l=yrh
.%iksldj
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wkakfi%da;h ^.,kd,h&
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
wdudYh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
- 29 -
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
28& cSùkaf.aa ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
l%shdj,sh u.ska '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ckkh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
fõ' tu Yla;sh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
i`oyd fhofõ'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 29& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wdydr
- 30 -
34&
- 31 -
35& wu;r oekqug ² Yla;sh ksmoùug wjYH Tlaiscka ,nd
uqLfha isg .%iksldjg meñfKk wdydr .ekSu;a" ldnka vfhdlaihsâ yd c, jdIam
.=<sh Yajdikd,hg fkdf.dia wkakfi%da;h neyer lsÍu;a Yajik moaO;sh u.ska isÿ fõ'
fj; .uka lrkafka wmsðyaúldj u.ska
Yajdikd, fÞrgqj jeiS hdu ksid h' ² ir, wdydr Tlaiscka iu`. m%;sl%shd lr
Yla;sh ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh Yajikh f,i
ye`Èkaúh yels h'
36&
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
37& idrdxYh
- 32 -
- 33 -
05& hï ia:dkhlg
úoHdj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' isg Wi
7 fY%aKsh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hkqfjka
13 mdvu y`ÿkajkq ,efí'
jdhqf.da,h 06& Wkak;dxYh wkqj jdhqf.da,fha úúO
(Atmosphere) uÜgïj, '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''o
WORK BOOK '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''o fjkia fõ'
ieliqu-rkaosu pkaøcs;a fuu fjkialï mokï lrf.k jdhqf.da,h
m%Odk ia;r ''''''''''''''''''''''''' fnod we;' fuu
jdhqf.da,fha ia:r ia;rj, udhsï ksYaÑ;j lsj fkdyel'
01& osjd ld,fha fukau rd;%S ld,fhao by, fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg by,g tu ia;r
wyi iy wyfia jQ úúO oE wmg ms<sfj<ska my; mßos fõ'
fmfkkafka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
1& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;=,sks' kuq;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wmg
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
fkdfmfka'
2& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
02& jdhqf.da,h hkq
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hs' 3& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
03& jdhqf.da,h fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK wE;g úysoS 4& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mj;S' ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
- 34 -
07& by; oelajQ mßsos jdhqf.da,fha m%Odk ia;r f.da,h
ia:rj, ,laIK ieflúka úia;r lrkak'
• uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg
mßj¾;S f.da,h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK isg
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' olajd by,g
• mDÓú f.da,fha
ia;rf.da,h msysgd we;'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jkqfha
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' • fuys ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' we;af;a
b;d iq¿ jYfhka ksid
• ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úh,s
wdikakfha aoS
iajNdjhla .kS'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' isg
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK Wilg • ia;r f.da,fha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
úysoS hhs' fkdue;'
- 35 -
;dmf.da,h
• uqyqÿ uÜgfuka
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK isg
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK olajd by,g
msysgd wef;af;a
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hs'
• fuu m%foaYfha we;s
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wxY= u.ska
uOH f.da,h
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Wrd.kS'
tu.ska fuu ia;rfha WIaK;ajh
fnfyúka by, w.hla .kS'
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
fuu ia;rh ;=, r`ojd we;'
• W;a;r O%ejhg wdikak m%foaYj,
olakg ,efnk
• uqyqÿ uÜgfuka
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kï
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK isg
o¾Ykho" olaIsK O%ejhg wdikak
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' muK olajd by,g
m%foaYj, olakg ,efnk
msysgd wef;af;a
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kï
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hs'
o¾Ykho yg .kafka fuu ia;rh
• jdhqf.da,fha ia:r j,ska
;=,h'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ia:rh fuh
fõ'
• fuysoS c, jdIam"
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ñfohs'
• ysre nei.sh úg fuu j,dl=¿j,g
ysre t<sh jefok ksid iuyr
wjia:dj, rd;%S wyfia fuu j,dl=¿
oelsh yel'
- 36 -
nys¾f.da,h by; j.=fjka meyeos,s jkafka Wkak;dxYh
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' úg
• uqyqÿ uÜgfuka
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msysgd wef;af;a
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• jdhqf.da,fha b;du;a jdhqf.da,fha tla tla ia;rj, WIaK;ajh
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oelafõ'
• fuu m%foaYh
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úyso mj;S' kuq;a wNHjldYh iu`.
tlajk udhsula ksYaÑ;j lsj
fkdyel'
- 37 -
we;s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ia:rfha jdhq j¾.h mßudj m%;sY;hla
l%shdldÍ;ajh Bg fya;=jhs' f,i
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iQ¾hhdf.ka ,efnk
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^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
Wrdf.k ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ksid ia:r
f.da,fha
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fõ'
- 38 -
ksoiqka(- ² Yajikh wmyiq frda.Skag ,nd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
§u jdhqj ,efnkafka jdhqf.da,fhks'
- 39 -
i;=kag o mshdir lsÍug jd;h wdOdr 19& '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''g fya;=jk
fõ' ix>gl fldgia '''''''''' lg fnosh yel'
• ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' tajdkï"
wjYH udOHhla f,i l%shdlrhs' fï
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ksid wmg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wefia'
Wod(-
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeks
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jia;=
fmf<djg jeàug fmr
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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Wod(-
.eàfuka isÿjk ydksh wju jkafka
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ksidh' 20& nia r:hl .ukla f.dia wdmiq meñKs
ú.i iqÿmdg f,akaiqjlska uqyqK iy fn,a,
msi oeuQ úg f,akaiqfõ
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wmøjH ne`oS
;sfnkq oelsh yel'
jdhq ¥IKh
- 40 -
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' yd l=àr idod we;' jdhqf.da,h ¥IKh fkd lr
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wdY%s; frda. wdrlaId lr .ekSu" iEu mqrjeishl=f.a u
we;sùu hq;=lula yd j.lSula jkafka h'
• ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' jeis we;s ùu' 25& idrdxYh
• mßir '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
² fmdf<dj ugÜfï isg by<g hdfï §
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hEu'
WIaK;ajh yd mSvkh fjkia fõ' tu
• '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' meyeos,s nj yd fjkialï mokï fldgf.k mDÓú
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' nj jdhqf.da,h ia;r mylg fnod we;'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ùu'
² mßj¾;S f.da,h" ia;r f.da,h" uOH
23& jdhq ¥IKh wju lsÍug .; yels f.da,h" ;dm f.da,h yd nys¾f.da,h f,i
l%shdud¾. lsysmhla fufia oelaúh yel' jdhqf.da,fha ia;r kï lr we;'
- 41 -
wu;r igyka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
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- 42 -
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'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
- 43 -
- 44 -