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7

Od srolwlfd prqhwduld h vfdoh qho


prghoor LV0OP

714 Rjjhwwr gho fdslwror


Xqd yrowd yhulfdwd od vwdelolwã ghoo*htxloleulr qho prghoor U7  u/ ë srv0
vleloh frqgxuuh hvshulphqwl gl vwdwlfd frpsdudwd1 Vwxglhuhpr jol hhwwl vxo
uhgglwr h vxo edvvr g*lqwhuhvvh gl htxloleulr gl xq yduld}lrqh ghoo*rhuwd gl pr0
qhwd +srolwlfd prqhwduld, h gl xqd yduld}lrqh ghooh lpsrvwh +srolwlfd vfdoh,1
Dffhuwhuhpr lqrowuh txdol frqgl}lrql vxl sdudphwul rffruuh lpsruuh d!qfkì
txhvwh pdqryuh ulvxowlqr h!fdfl dwwudyhuvr o*dqdolvl gl dofxql fdvl sduwlfrodul1

715 Od srolwlfd prqhwduld


Od srolwlfd prqhwduld ylhqh dwwxdwd dwwudyhuvr o*lpslhjr gl vwuxphqwl fkh
shuphwwrqr dood Edqfd Fhqwudoh gl frqwurooduh o*rhuwd gl prqhwd h txlqgl
gl shuvhjxluh ghwhuplqdwl relhwwlyl1 Or vwuxphqwr slü lpsruwdqwh gl txh0
vwr frqwuroor ë gdwr gdooh rshud}lrql gl phufdwr dshuwr/ phgldqwh oh txdol
od Edqfd Fhqwudoh yhqgh r dftxlvwd wlwrol gl Vwdwr gdooh edqfkh r gdjol do0
wul lqwhuphgldul qdq}ldul1 +Qrupdophqwh/ wxwwdyld/ od Edqfd Fhqwudoh qrq
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uldftxlvwduol, grsr xq euhyh shulrgr gl whpsr/ fkh sxõ gxuduh dqfkh srfkl
jlruql> txhvwl lqwhuyhqwl yhqjrqr ghqrplqdwl rshud}lrql gl phufdwr dshuwr
surqwl frqwur whuplqh1 O*lqwhqwr ë frpxqtxh txhoor gl lq xhq}duh o*rhuwd gl
prqhwd/ dqfkh vh lq txhvw*xowlpr fdvr vrowdqwr whpsrudqhdphqwh1,
Shu vvduh oh lghh/ frqvlghuldpr xq*rshud}lrqh g*dftxlvwr1 Frq xq*rsh0
ud}lrqh g*dftxlvwr od Edqfd Fhqwudoh suhohyd wlwrol gdo phufdwr ghooh dwwlylwã
h fhgh lq fdpelr prqhwd1 Shu yhghuh txdol hhwwl surgxfh txhvwd pdqryud/
srvvldpr jxdugduh shuflõ do phufdwr ghl wlwrol r d txhoor ghood prqhwd1 Vxo
phufdwr ghl wlwrol/ o*lqwhuyhqwr ghood Edqfd Fhqwudoh suryrfd xq dxphqwr gho0
od grpdqgd> lo qxryr htxloleulr frpsruwd xq dxphqwr gho suh}}r ghl wlwrol
h shuflõ xqd glplqx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh1 Vxo phufdwr ghood prqhwd/

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dxphqwd lqyhfh o*rhuwd> vl sxõ wruqduh lq htxloleulr vror frq xq dxphqwr


ghood grpdqgd h gxqtxh frq xqd glvfhvd gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh +vl ulfrugl fkh
qhoo*dqdolvl ghood vwdelolwã deeldpr lsrwl}}dwr fkh vld lo vdjjlr g*lqwhuhvvh d
ulsruwduh lq htxloleulr lo phufdwr prqhwdulr,1 Ylvwd gdood sduwh gl fkl yhq0
gh/ o*rshud}lrqh suryrfd xqd glplqx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh shufkì lpsolfd
xqd glyhuvd frpsrvl}lrqh ghood ulffkh}}d/ xqd pdjjlruh txdqwlwã gl prqhwd
h xqd plqruh txdqwlwã gl wlwrol= vror dg xq wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh slü edvvr vl vduã
glvsrvwl d whqhuh slü prqhwd h phqr wlwrol1 Shu uldvvxphuh/ xq*rshud}lrqh
g*dftxlvwr gl wlwrol suryrfd xq dxphqwr ghoo*rhuwd gl prqhwd h xqd glplqx0
}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh +yhgl od Iljxud 714 shu lo phufdwr ghood prqhwd,1
Lq prgr dqdorjr sxõ hvvhuh hvdplqdwd xq*rshud}lrqh gl yhqglwd gl wlwrol gd
sduwh ghood Edqfd Fhqwudoh1

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prqhwduld/ lo phffdqlvpr dwwudyhuvr fxl xqd yduld}lrqh ghoo*rhuwd gl pr0
qhwd vl ulshufxrwh vxo uhgglwr1 Lo vhfrqgr vwdglr uljxdugd jol hhwwl surgrwwl
gdo wdvvr ghoo*lqwhuhvvh1 Od glplqx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh lqfhqwlyd jol lq0
yhvwlphqwl h o*dxphqwr ghjol lqyhvwlphqwl d vxd yrowd surgxfh xqd fuhvflwd
gho uhgglwr dwwudyhuvr lo prowlsolfdwruh1 Srvvldpr vlqwhwl}}duh lo phffdqlvpr
gl wudvplvvlrqh prqhwduld qho vhjxhqwh prgr=

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fdqdoh ylhqh wudvphvvd od srolwlfd prqhwduld1
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lq sduwh frpshqvd/ pd qrq dqqxood/ od ulgx}lrqh lql}ldoh gl  h shuflõ od
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wd qrplqdoh gl prqhwd ë dqfkh xqd yduld}lrqh ghoo*rhuwd uhdoh gl prqhwd1
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Lqidwwl/ vh od vhqvlelolwã ghood grpdqgd gl prqhwd ulvshwwr do wdvvr g*lqwh0


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vwhqwh ulgx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh d!qfkì lo phufdwr ghood prqhwd wruql lq
htxloleulr/ h o*hhwwr hvhuflwdwr vxjol lqyhvwlphqwl hg lo uhgglwr ë hohydwr1 Door
vwhvvr prgr/ vh od vhqvlelolwã ghjol lqyhvwlphqwl do wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh +_2 , ë dowd/
xqd gdwd ulgx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh frpsruwd xq hohydwr dxphqwr ghjol
lqyhvwlphqwl h txlqgl gho uhgglwr1 Lq prgr vlploh srvvrqr hvvhuh hvdplqdwl
jol hhwwl ghjol dowul sdudphwul vxoo*h!fdfld ghood srolwlfd prqhwduld1
Dofxql fdvl sduwlfrodul srvvrqr dlxwduh d frpsuhqghuh phjolr o*rshuduh
gho phffdqlvpr gl wudvplvvlrqh prqhwduld=

41 Wudssrod ghood oltxlglwã1 Vl yhulfd txdqgr od grpdqgd gl prqhwd


glylhqh yluwxdophqwh lqqlwd dg xq gdwr olyhoor gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh1
Lo prgr slü vhpsolfh gl lqwhusuhwduh txhvwd vlwxd}lrqh ë fkh lo wdvvr
g*lqwhuhvvh ë glyhqxwr frvï edvvr fkh jol rshudwrul frqvlghudqr sudwlfd0
phqwh qxoor lo frvwr rssruwxqlwã gl ghwhqhuh prqhwd1 Irupdophqwh/ flõ
lpsolfd fkh/ lq fruulvsrqghq}d gl txhvwr wdvvr gl lqwhuhvvh/ od vhqvlel0
olwã ghood grpdqgd gl prqhwd do wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh +s2 , whqgh doo*lqql0
wr1 Od u glylhqh frvï xqd uhwwd sdudoohod doo*dvvh ghooh dvflvvh1 Shu
xq*looxvwud}lrqh/ yhgl od Iljxud 7161
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Txdoh fkh vld lo olyhoor gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh do txdoh vl yhulfd od wudssr0
od ghood oltxlglwã/ ë hylghqwh fkh lq txhvwr fdvr o*h!fdfld ghood srolwlfd
prqhwduld ë qxood1 Lqidwwl/ txdovldvl dxphqwr ghoo*rhuwd gl prqhwd qrq
suryrfd rud qhvvxqd glplqx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh shu lo idwwr fkh lq
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wudwwhqhuh txdovldvl txdqwlwã gl prqhwd yhqjd orur rhuwd1 Vlffrph qrq
vl yhulfd dofxqd glplqx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh/ qrq sxõ dyhuvl qhp0
phqr dxphqwr ghjol lqyhvwlphqwl h gho uhgglwr1 Srvvldpr frqwurooduh
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vhqvleloh do wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh/ flrë s2 ' f1 Od u glylhqh lq wdo fdvr

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hg ë shuflõ xqd uhwwd sdudoohod doo*dvvh ghooh ruglqdwh/ o*dvvh gryh ë


udssuhvhqwdwr lo wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh1 Shu xq*looxvwud}lrqh/ yhgl od Iljxud
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Lq txhvwh flufrvwdq}h o*h!fdfld ghood srolwlfd prqhwduld ë pdvvlpd qho


vhqvr fkh rjql dxphqwr ghoo*rhuwd gl prqhwd vl wudgxfh lq xq dxphqwr
sursru}lrqdoh gho uhgglwr/ lo frh!flhqwh gl sursru}lrqdolwã hvvhqgr s 1
Txhvwr ë hylghqwh gdood suhfhghqwh htxd}lrqh ghood u h/ frph sulpd/
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txdqgr jol lqyhvwlphqwl qrq vrqr vhqvlelol do wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh/ flrë _2 '
f1 Od U7 ë lq wdo fdvr xqd uhwwd yhuwlfdoh shufkì lo uhgglwr glshqgh
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Txhvwd ë hvdwwdphqwh od vlwxd}lrqh gho prghoor uhgglwr0vshvd lq fxl


dssxqwr jol lqyhvwlphqwl qrq glshqgrqr gdo wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh> vdssldpr
fkh lq txhvwr fdvr ydoh lo sulqflslr ghood grpdqgd hhwwlyd/ ryyhur ë
od grpdqgd djjuhjdwd d ghwhuplqduh lo olyhoor gho uhgglwr1 Shuflõ/ od
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Od srolwlfd vfdoh r gl elodqflr sxõ rshuduh qho qrvwur vhpsolfh prghoor U7 
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hhwwl gl xqd ulgx}lrqh ghood vshvd sxeeolfd1
Gdo prghoor uhgglwr0vshvd vdssldpr fkh xqd glplqx}lrqh ghood vshvd sxe0
eolfd ulgxfh od grpdqgd djjuhjdwd h txlqgl lo uhgglwr dwwudyhuvr lo phffdqlvpr
gho prowlsolfdwruh1 Wxwwdyld/ lo surfhvvr qrq whuplqd d txhvwr sxqwr/ frph
dyyhqlyd qho prghoor uhgglwr0vshvd1 Od glplqx}lrqh gho uhgglwr lqgxfh lqidwwl
xqd glplqx}lrqh ghood grpdqgd gl prqhwd1 Srlfkì o*rhuwd gl prqhwd qrq
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; fds17 0 od srolwlfd prqhwduld h ilvfdoh

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gho prowlsolfdwruh dssolfdwr dood frqwud}lrqh ghood vshvd sxeeolfd1
Ulhslorjkldpr rud euhyhphqwh lo phffdqlvpr gl wudvplvvlrqh ghood
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od ulgx}lrqh gl C vror vh glplqxlvfh dqfkh lo uhgglwr1 Txhvwd sulpd sduwh
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glplqxlvfh dqfkh od grpdqgd gl prqhwd/ h flõ lpsolfd fkh ghyh yhulfduvl
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htxloleulr1 Od ulgx}lrqh gho wdvvr g*lqwhuhvvh lpshglvfh fkh lo uhgglwr srvvd gl0
plqxluh gl xq dpprqwduh sdul do prowlsolfdwruh dssolfdwr dood yduld}lrqh ghood
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