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  • Revista Arheologica Serie Noua 2005 Vol 1 No 01

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    revista arheologica

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    2K visualizzazioni397 pagine

    Revista Arheologica Serie Noua 2005 Vol 1 No 01

    Caricato da

    Irina
    revista arheologica

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
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    na. LlcrneFru(tnitfl naL-r,i()l'c:or':,a(llnr lKourcre\rbr HttNHero rt Cpertteio Iipl'ra (l(llee 1997)
    Ee.r;[tltlgctlafl995:]../l.|ie:rattoncnil,q.I1rlpenHeiiutero:rpotu'tloioHtlrxnertlflcl,l.tnug
    acpcrr t',:r I!)'9.5).
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    lilrrc rartt ['o.ltttusttn ua ,{: lapraueHr Apxetl-rtt.rlt'ts IV-\'. 2000' 55-62'
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    n cr t"t [:n1l,l nut (C an
    36enc,su.r 1ir89: t].I i]6eHosnq, lr.rrrnur-r:ran'Iptrnolr,croji xVlurvpbl Harepptlroprrr4 ViipalrHr'r (l(uee 1989).
    ;1)95: .B. llilarroe. BaOr,'rres, Lle,'roer:r. nprrpoail ft not{t}bl Pt,lH-necxoe Bo,rrcl-Ypiuscxoro
    l.lnaIoe. []ar:u-rhcs t't 14.8i.
    Nr€)KJ{r,'11e tt):t I} lil.rtrotlt:1le ( \l c,r:xrra 1995)

    KrrRrurio i9ti7: [].]1. I..riRutrt,c. lvlrrgroc.noriHors noceJreHu(: Pa:Iopcxoe I na FIr.rNrrelr,l{oHy. KCI4d AH CCCP 192' 1981 '
    73-E{l
    Ko.n.rcos j9ll5: llt.).f 1io,rocos, lleo.;lrl Kpurrra. Apxeo,rorrrr YrllatrHcxrlit C'CP. Torr I
    (KHee 198:i)' l5-5-l-56
    Kc.rosa 2tr0l1I Il.C. i.lnrosa. I-leorttrrrigaLtHr 1/rpatlnst (Jlyraucx 2002).
    Kpeluleuer.xrri;i t!)g1: f(.8. N,perrreHeunlili, flaleo:nortirHt ,lpeBHlr"rruHX 3eN,t,'leAeJIbu,3B
    tl cNoroBo.!.oB PyccKoil paBHHHbl
    ( Mocl;rla l'rr9 i ).
    (Clatrxr-IIe'rep6ypr 1992;'
    Kpir,.reecr.ar I\)'t),',2: J1.f. Flpirxenc<af, HaqaJto Ireoinira B c'rentx Ceeepnoro Ilptrveprrlc'iltttpun
    KepilMrlKI'l tlpvTo-[Hec'rpoBcKofo pe|rloHa Straturn-Plus 2'
    JlapitHa l1)9g: Cl JB. -1aplrHa. K1'lurvpa luueiiHo--re HroLrHot-t
    r999. t0-1,i0.
    Rclislri Arhcologic i!.'!Sil-. "-C.Llq
    ;ij

    "'leuxcrBcita,]|1itp.,:]003:[-..lA.i[eBXoBcxa'r,B.I,1.1.tt;uo$eerr,[o.B.Crr,'narIl]BIiIp..C)Heo-ir4rtt.IecKo{3eN|JIcI
    cellepa Boctottiioil Esponbt (Cannr'
    :t:rilil.lij Eup,ilttt,Icxrtii crctrHor:i 3otjt,t. B r;6: I-leorl;rr-:)re),'1rrr lora u Heojlllr
    Ilerep,(i'''pr- 100:i), 2Crti 3 I 1.
    i\ierape r n,, id:,:t , ,l\r1. Maraper.to. i\4apitoni.nucuruir NrorllJ'lbt.rtlK (Krrirr l!)33').
    \1a;ttcrttt..)s]'|'"}UC|],,\.t'Maltc.t'totl,PatlgtrliHeojlt1T.I],nuag)Ka'IKyJl'bT\1pa,l1c,ropugCalapcroro
    trelluln). Brl()rrt0ttAo IlalIll!, tHeir. KaHteHnslti uer,. (rlartalra 2000), 147-176'
    l\,[apxetrr.r i,:r7',f 1 I].H. Nlapr:,:o .t, liyro-,I[uecipoBcKar r(y.nLr /pa Ha reppnr'f,pltlt
    lvlor]lasttt{ 1Kr'ruuHen 1974)
    \4lrrer:a.Crar1,tt1]r)Cr3:EI\4ati:stl,H.I{.Cxar.;1'rr,Xpouo,,rortt'lrInepHojul:iaull'lKyJlb|\'pHeonTa
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    Bocroqttoit Eeponut (Caux'r'llerepSvpr
    l0tl3 ). :ltc)"/-2 12.
    Ilareoreorpii(rrrirlgli2:ilalle''r'eorpa$tla[rnp'rnut3anccre'ry]]'lecrorblcfltl'rler'('N'locKBal982)'
    Kynb'r]pu oT noperluero Ha
    IiOnCri l9()ri t]. I lrtrrog, Ilep.rotrr:aUriR ri XpOH0,]-IOrufl Ha deO,rit'tTHllre rl XaJIKo.nllrHlire
    p. l)vc,:tru.tt ,llcrr (Pyce l:t96.t.
    (Krlea 1982)'
    (.,raur.o igEllt ll ll Cranrio, upHcle, Ilp,oSLrelra Nle3o,,rrrra c"eileit cenelruoro flptI.repHolr'topsn
    1,1
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    l!rg!): 1l.l-1. cl rar r:o, fl.M. jlo.I,vraHoe, M Car| )pnajlec, E.B. CirruluTulHa .llp.'
    1l
    (.ritrrno rr:p,
    6rrrr. JanrrcxI I;r'oprr.lu,r -o rpaxy.nr;rer\'. Btrn. 8, C)lecc lni-'r vHullepcil'fer 1999' 8-(t7'
    (Klree 1983)'
    (",6f,trTtrH ,illl: .ll.Ei. Cli,6e or'tH, I-lartfl'rHrtxll KYni,rypbl f)'ve:tuutrUa ICtro-3anaAaVtipatlttlt
    'i',,1os iQg(,: Il.(.1, Irrros, Ileo.itlT Kapnitrcxoro 6acceitsa (Mocxea l9r!)6)
    olopoilli. Kartt'nltt.,-lte.I]laTa enoxa n Br,rrapHr (co(rlr:a 1986)
    'l'r.r,.lrl1t6tra l,,,rs,() l(:. -[

    rDc.lr>pos l1)'7ll: i;.t3. @e;iollct,Illeirc'roueu iloHTo-Kacnr'rn Nlocxea 1978)'


    }iocrn crorHK}r I',ariiopcxal 2 ua Htrxselr !ou1- B
    I{si6prrii. l{ilsru.:, 200.1: Ii.Er. U,r-,r5pnir B..Il. Krrsruxo. H:ilr;ir.rn u3
    iicarrxr'-I1e'repSypr 2003)' 30-40'
    c5 Hr:ru'r.,.-.lrieoJ'u''. l.l,ri rr lr€o,q11t.c0Be pa Bocro,ruoi;i rnponur
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    -]i5'
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    li.. li:r:te6antlr LlepHoro Nlopt no reorofrlqecKlll\l' apxeo-rlorllqecKli\{ Il
    lllir.it r.rx lrlt)'): li. lIIr'r,,r.iti..
    ir,J'r'opti,leclitti\i llilllrlbll\1.;t-dtlf ;','.l.tna tri- i6. ltr97-1999' l0-l:'
    l]lltttt.ttlrnolrl9l-1:l\.B.L]]Ittlt.uttttos,]\,,lHc,t.cleexoso
    lteHa I h.,:|;n,'r lillqecKat c t'llrTtttparlrrtq (,leilrrrrrpat L97 l)'1-38'
    ,\.ncl,:1.llur rreis 11,9:j: f .lJ. .r.r
    jcl. tl.N lR.unrtels.'Ihe earlies fnrmers rn Eu'ropae Antrquity 69' 1995' ti8l--500'
    Underu'ateI irlchaeologicltl excaltions of subnte|ged Late
    ,\.ug:lo,,a. l)r-rL1,.alr0pv 2()-l 1{,.A,ngeloVa. \/. D|agarop';, 9-22'
    Sozolrol.l-lrraci,:L Pontica VI,2' 2003' Sofia'
    Errer,lilhic rrd Eltrly, Ilr,:nze A,qe :etilentetrts in Kiten atd
    Oktoble| 1999) ([]Lrcufe$ti 2001)'
    (lerr*L'.rJi llll Bele,rhz 2i,lill,r ernn,,oilii Iil-lloler/rz lvllngal a, 1E-24
    t:onil 19,;^i.: lr r.lorn$r. l:ii() il, c()muniriiiiiol'cLrlturii Boiart (Bucu|e$ti l9'74)'
    cL'r J\'l6olithique 6gden rltnatc'lica XIX' 1993'
    l-17
    []efirr)ule lr.rc;.:i: .i-P.l)emrlltle . l-a lovitlire
    e ','oluiive
    f)i:r',rrt le
    lir:1r.re lnrer.nlrrional. Licr l'J90, Vol.,'\, AttBrles Igt)4"!9-t)()
    .l1 -22a"ril
    Dr.ll:,rnrir Itlll l.T Dragcn',i , [ineoliticul din sud-estul Rorrlniei (Bucureqtr 1983)
    changes Lll srlil level F'hysics anrJ Chelnistry of the Earth
    4' 1961' (NeVr
    F:lirrbriilg,: l95i it.W. f:airb-rc1il,:. Eu;t:rric
    Yuiit 9')'ll:iS
    Ci.rili,,!)t),:]''|.J['illlis.Fl':siits,c,1.Lecc:nt
    du ('Olk-rqr: lntr:illrrtionrLi. i-ion. ll'-ll aYIii 1990,
    VolA. lAthdnes li)9-l)"i7-60'
    Potrtica XVII i984' 25-36
    llalt,tti l9!i4: P. llagotti. \oi -lat,: pt'i','ini1 clifuzipnea c'rltulii HamanSlia
    r.Cons anla 199t7)
    l.la50ttr .llltll: Ir. lhgotti. 1111, r:u neolrtirii in Dtlb|t.lgea
    Ir'lltttlvl1),),ll.S'1r,ilno.",.lt|.'r1r-tesrirlirde|lrlociLl]saticlnetdes6tud.3Sdessi1esstrbn-rerg6sdarrsleslacsde
    clr )..ri.\'t. lrr)!)'j. i9-26'
    }..rr.trltt:L1l2'){)'}l,.l.lilrrr-:].,1.Il,r.es.'\1l.'()zclr$an.
    Pniii:rp ''r:rtt Z-itbctrr i \4ir inz am i{'r':in ltl03)'
    settlerrrents oithe Neolrthic-Eneolithic Period 'rt Melitopol'
    ii.ro\u.'[.Lrbr: llst,:r, 1996:lr.s. Kc,rov.. rJ.V. Trrboitser,, Ner,
    Ilur:rsir 'r\lril(l"ln 2. jq9( 19-58
    l(orf.utt l1)):i: \,1 b,r.rrktrir ii rolithikrillr Lrrrd Chalkolitrikurr in Albanierr (h4airrz arn l?'hein 1995)'
    j.-ltzarcr'j1)9.]:lr4.I-ltz.ilr..,l'.L,cSSil'cjstlLr|ndrg6slelollgcluPont()ttcstdansleconteXtedel'histoirepontiqueet
    ntdtl t,;rt rtleienne. Polrtir t trif,\rl, 1993' 7- 18'
    .['x21i1.(rrici1!,r!](,:Ch.L,;t';i;tf'l'ici,ThcF,tclctll;SofNeolithi.saiclnan
    tlte[]ltlci.Lns'')(IltCISl,.(()orrgrisIntr:r.naticlnaldesSr:iencesFl.6histclric1tieSetPl.otoiStor"iqLres).Sec.9.Colloc1itlln
    (.F:orli l')96). :l I - : ii.
    ,r:\ril
    Precucttteni pe teritoiiril Rorrrliniei (Bucure$ti 1974).
    ]\4arrn.:sc:tr.[}i1,.:l'r -i.)7.i: S. ]\1 Lrinescu'I}ilcLi, Cuiturl
    (Beogfad 1 )E5)'
    \'{rr i.lirlri l!);:i:!: i, Nlirrkc " ri Neolit Clne Ciore xxvllI-
    Ivltrnte rnu, AsulxacOndiliilor geografice din preistoiilr sucJ-estului Romiiniei Pontica
    l,{r.r rrtelnrr 1t;r,r1,: 1v,1.
    )iX1l\1. l1)1) i-1996, 2'17 2:j l. at Yarimbut-gaz and
    l: tvl 0zdrrgrrn' V \'Iii'ake' N' ozL)agaraI Dede,,An inlct"im feporr ol-l excavations
    Ozdo!,lrrr ct ll,lii!)
    l',,,1r,,,p,,,, n Llitsterrn l-hr tcc' Anatillir:t )(\'II' t99t,59-t22.
    33
    )'olt,rnul l. N;' I

    ()z,dc,i.n 2il0l: lvl Oz:,Jogan. I{oca (ilgrrre. tin srte clu N6olithique ilncien err f'hlace. I)ossters
    'f
    c,'Arr.:heolosie 28]L, i.C'C'.1 , orrr,qtrie. 116-29.
    Kupf'er- und Friihbronzezeitzwt-
    I)ar.zing:er. l9!l:i: l:l piu.zirrger. Sruclrit:r zur Chr()nologie uncl KuLturgerchichte der Jungstein-
    'f 'f
    sihel K,rrpl i,:,n, un,l Vlittler err i,urus. ei i I 2. lLom isch-Germa nische Forschungen. Bd. 52 (Mainz am Rhein 1993) '
    IlPar;zrr,qer, M, ozdo$an, Die Ausgrarungen in Kirkareli (Ttilkisch-Thfakien) und ihre Be-
    I)ar;ri nger., Ozcogirn l!)g16:
    cieuitr.rng liir.cli,: B.ullurbezit:hrrigen zrvischen Anatolierr und Jem Balkan v,rm l{eolithikum bis zur Fri.ihblonzezeit.
    tlRcK 16. .',)t)5.:i 29.
    l)iiur,:scu l!)87: rr\..FILuueSCLr. l'lld:roasiatrul din l)obrogea' iSCIV \ 38, l, l9E7' l-22'
    l)iiunr:scrrl98'/a l)iLune:'cu, l-euu:lenoisiendeL'.EstetduSiud-El tde laRomanie.DaciaN.S.XXXI'1987, ll-t9'
    z\..
    l)ernicku er ll, l!l{,),7:l[:, Pe r-nic]ia. Ii. Begemann. S. lSchmitt-Streckrr, H. Todorclva, L.Kuleff, Prehistolic copper in Bulga-
    ria. IlLirrsia.'rtnli;:lun l, 1997.1' 'i80.
    J1tltid'er:,bel.getil|.l!,!)i':.[.Rtlcc1e:nb:r.g,L.T.hissen,Il.BuitenhuiS,l990.Pr.llimirrar.vfep0l.tonthearchaecl|
    gatiirns ilt )lipinaI in NW Anat]lia. Anlrt:,lica'K\/1. I98!)-199(l'61-|44'
    lllaVi:er,2002: \/,SlriYi:ev.DieIlci:i :,hungen::rvisc:henDurankulirk clemBeleich<lerl)riicttcuteni-TIipcll'e-Kultr-rrundder
    [irr1ppeBr,lplaJ.r\lc1eni.]rr: Il Toclorovt,Durankitlak. 13and I.Teil l(Sofia2002),29'1 -308.
    iSre.jp,,,ii i,iq-., p. Srerj6,,,ii:, De1 Ili,l <an und Anatolien in der mittle ren und.jiingeren Steinzeit. Anatolica
    XIX' 1993,269-
    Iti:l.
    'feli:1rrr et.rl.2C03: )).'Y'a. Teleirin, Nf. Lilli:, I.D. Potekhina, \{M. Kovaliukh. Settlernent and econtlmy in Neolithic
    I-Jkr.irirre .l Ilr\! i:hlollolo11l'' 71 rticluity 7'l, N 297' 2003'456-410'
    'felienl_,ach I )Sj: 1r,l 'l'ellenbrch. .,lateriahen zi.im Pftlkeramisch:n Neolithikum in Si,id-()st-Europa. Sonderdruc:k aus
    llsricrht ,Jei l:ii.ti risch-Gerniani ;;hen Ktrtnmission 64 (M.ainz I m Rheirr 1983).
    ft6r-rtor"a 19!)5: I
    ga1ia. Monoi:r lp l-,s in Wc,rkl 11 r'chaeo|r5tv N :22. Ed. by D.W. 3aile1' and I. Panal'otov
    (Sofia 1995)' 79-98'
    I.,.j,rio'a l9!)8: tli.'frtrJ,tlova, l)r:r Ilalkano-A.rratoliische Kulturber:ich vonL Neolithikum bil; zur
    pr.rifrbr,nzezeit 1!itap,:l cier F6rsc,Iur!l). In mernoriam James l{arve.r GaLrl (Siofia t998),27--54.
    fo1,,.c'a l9()8;r: FI 'l-6dgr6viL, l?i,:iileme der Urnrvelt der pruihist,rrischen Kulturen ilwischen 7000 und 100 v Chr' Das
    KlrpatenbeckerL u1d clie rtsrr:.-r'.t1t:iische liteppe. Herausg. vrrr B. Hiins;el un,l J l4achnik
    (MUnchen 1998t' 65-70'
    fod,llc,,,,a l0()2: I':t.'fo,l .rrova, Dr.rrl.rkr-Llirk. Blnd II (Sofia 2C02)
    Ur:;ulescu 2C,OC):irl, [-rrsu]escu.. rlr rrtribulir p'rivind neoliticul gi eneoliticul din teg,iunile Est-Carpatice ale RomAniei
    Vol. I (la;il.l0t)0)
    ,l'rl:ar, Cultural Irt South,aast liurclpre: an Archaeological Appraisal ln
    Yakirr l9!)8; J. ':tllction Eletil'een Antrtolia ard
    rnentr,ri rm "[lnt,,:s F{itrvel' [iaul (Sofia 199i])' l3- 26.

    B rLt e u tn tt u t\ e p,: au e c,
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    riilrr4qEtrt r:rorrpoc o npofic):o)K.4eHHu KaxAori I;on:.r(eH pemarbcs oco6o (lvlepnepr 1974, 125 128).
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    or [ipaypa,rrn ]{zr Boc'roKe Ic.} l). Tprcbr r{a 3anaAe. 3Ta o(5rqnocr6 orMeqeHa
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    l:lg1u Olecca l/l Mo-ti7 42.2Ct + 50 2920-2700
    rl)11xL.rL-rslii .l6l!)__ Krr-478 2900-2350 usrx rr ao.. 2000
    .,llprrr;'l odlopoBii:il 1,1 l .l Ku-5;49 3!t8Ct+ 200 2900-2200 LIeDsur: n np.. 2000
    tilrna;rHr,rii l/2ll Kn- l0l/.1 392Cr + I l0 2580-2210 nulr: u ap.. 2000
    (lrner;rurtii i/llr Krr-131 2570-2200 Llepuux n np.. 2000
    (lrrrr,l ur,r i'r il4l l Kn-4lt) 387Ct + 105 2500-220i) LIepuurx. u .qD.. 2000
    Krr-70159 2470-2306 Ha3a[,on. ]{osar$x. 1999
    0rp;.lrruril I/2 I Kn-45l 3ti3Ct+ 120 2470-2t30 L{epHux. rr ap.. 2000
    011urirr,rii l/21 __ Ku-707i) 2467 -2286 Kovllyrrklr. Nazlrov, I 999
    (..)rp;;rrr r,r ii ..6/-f Ku-48l 3Cr6C, + 120 22r0- 1880 9epuurx u ln.. 2000

    ME){<ilyfrELtbE t,lHTyItA tl IHEnPA

    M l:dJl ts()

    .\'r Jta6.Nc BP BC 68% .hcroq Hnxr.r


    I Pgrylpeltttqg t5!t,l l(rr'7097 4220 + 70 2891 -2699 F{a:laDon. Kosanrcx. 1999
    ) T3unrrrpatHoe I5/:5 I(r r- 709-5 4200 + 60 2884-2619 Harapon. Koaanrox. 1999
    I lSrr r-ror pa lrroe l -5/15 Iirr 7 tl9 /1
    + -55 2876-2-58 5 Ko,ralvukh. Nazarov. 1999
    +^ 13rrrr,rlpatuoe.l/4 l( rr-7093 .4
    80+65 2881-2624 Ha:lalron, Koea,'rrox, 1999
    -) Brrurrrpa,:tr roe J/6 I{ rt-7091 A
    50+55 2878-25 83 Ha:rapou. Konaarox, 1999
    6 L{elrnonurri flp I/10 I(tr- 143(- n
    00 + i30 2880-2500 He;rHsrx rr 1p.,2000
    1 13cp:lrrertpacoRra I. -'()/ I :l? I{ rr-9:i7 4090 + 95 2870-25rc tlenusrx n nn.. 2000
    8 lSepxHeriipacoera 9r' I ll I(rt-602 4010120 + 2810-2494 Llepusrx r.r ap., 2000
    9 Crprcrcrru xa lCr5i 20 li I- 8!t7
    r 4035 + 60 2860-2494 9errHsrx r.r aD.. 2000
    2500-2340 LIetrHsrr rr ap., 2000
    I r:)
    .dnrrrprouxa l0,rl2 JI,:- 82 4 3920 + 50
    II Ilep.xHerapac onx4 2 t1 ! ! Ih-]014 3860 + 70 2462-2202 Ha:rapos. Kosaalox, 1999
    l,l ]rvlrrlrc'er<a J/5 JI,3- $r I 3850 + 90 2460-2200 t{eprHux rr ap., 2000
    l:l I'/t.l
    Ilepr: Heraftac on na Krr-5ill 38?0 + 190 2600- l 950 LIeprHsrx rr lp., 2000

    t,l Ilcur:Hemrracouna I Lr ll iirr -sltl 3740 + i50 2100-1911) r-ler[rHl,tx r,r ,rp.. 2000

    l:i rrrrrc,nxa i/16 JI,:- 8? 3 3680 + 60 2t90-t910 Lle'oHurx H ap.. 2000

    M ila,q: b
    .Yl lla6i.l,{b BP BC 68Vo iHctc'.tHltrtt
    9xa,'roeo ll Kr+('572 ,1060 + 55 28-50-2483
    ') Lxa,roso ,'l I \ir -('572a 4005 + 55 2580-2460 Nil<olova 999
    3 9 riloeo ll l.u-6829 .1900 + 55 2460-2296 N kolo';a, 999
    zl 9 xa'roeo iI klr -6829a .1990 + 50 257-1-t-t-56 N l<olo'rr 999
    it 9 rzuroso '() tltr-6571a 4035 + 50 2608-2411) Nil<olova, 999
    () tl xa,qr:eo 't) kir: -6 828a 4010 + 50 2514-2454 N l<olova 999

    HexoppexrHa,r Jtala
    +0
    _-_,__ Reui1&,ArhglgC@-Seru:1toua

    .l.Iir A L-Ia6. JYg BP BCr 689r 14cro,rn uxrr


    l Ll xa.r lBo U9 Krr-6-';71 198.5 + 45 2540-24:i6 l\ikolova. 1999
    li L{ xtt-:r )80 Lt9 Krr-6Er28 3960 + 50 2562-2:i:i4 I\,hkrrlova, 1999
    (.)
    f'or,o rxosxa .l t/5 Kn-6123 .1030 + 60 l6 t-l-}.9-l Itlikolova, 1999a
    .lCr rxoexa 5/,i
    l-or'r,:r Kir-6731 .1005 + -55 2610-24.'70 It{ikolova. 1999a
    l-o,'r,l rioexa 7/.1 Ku-6122 3980 + 60 25'71-23,60 Itlikolova, 1999a
    2 IIIaI il 22. 2t9 Krr-6834 3970 + -50 2-5(iE-23 60 Itlikolova, 1999
    -l IUa>; a2?.,219 Krr-6834a 39-10 + -50 24';0-23:\2 I.iikolova, 1999
    .+ roexa 5/.1
    [-oitr--, Ku-6730 3960 + 60 25(vl-232t8 l{ikolova,1999a
    5 l-o,r<t <onxa 51.] Ku-6730a 392-5 + 5-5 24tt0-23:i0 fizmvt, 1999
    6 i-o,r<l r<oeKit 12l.1 Krv6l21 .1950 + 50 25-s(i-234.8 I'likolova. 1999a
    7 fI l/2
    norIC,BKa Ku-6733 :]9.15 t 50 2-5 El0-236,0 l,iikolova, 1999a
    tb; ft )o1 noncsKa l/3 Ku-6134 -1925 + 5-5 ?5C,0-2340 llikolova,1999r
    19 f'o.lor rroexir 3/ | Krr-67 18 1920 + (r0 rrc E-1296 lJikolova.1999a
    20 i'o.nor rioextr 14,'!) Krr-6719 -1920 + ,50 2.5 80-20 i 0 ]\.likolova 999a
    2l ['o,r oextr lJ'-l
    or Ky 67'.11 19 i0 + .5-5 2461-23t6 flikolova 999a
    )') L{ ra--l
    tlo I r/8
    r Ku-68i17 -j910 + -15 246{t-2334 I'{ikolova oqo
    ,L.1 I-o.rc' t r:oexit 14,"1' Ku-67ilE 3905 + -55 250C)-23l0 Ittrikolova 999
    ?4 lllax r 11 )16 Kn-68.13 3900 + 5-5 246Ct-22')6 ftrikoiova. 999a
    25 l-orcr oe(a l4r3 Ktr-61'.>-5 389-5 + -55 245E-22')4 Irlikolova 999a
    /t, [1por tont)axa I /4 Ktr-61|\2 3890 + 55 2.1 10-23 I 0 Irlikolova 999a
    2-,i I-'o.no oeKer 6/9t Krr-67110 3880 + 55 l-+56-ttB.l Ir[ikolova 999a
    ') (' i OJIOB roBKaL 6/l i Kvr-67i).1 3850 + 55 2460-2296 N[rkolova, 999a
    2i) ]---; .onxa I4l4 Ku-611).6 3840 + 50 2398-2 t98 Irlikolova 999a
    3{) l--orroir oexir 6/8 Ku-61l9 3790 + 55 2563-23:t 5 N rkolova 999a

    IIECOCTENb
    M e r)ltait BO
    JIa6. l'lr BP BCI (,89i I,lcto.rHxru
    Eaulc,tlrrr .1/.-l Kn- 1720 + 70
    4.1.1i0 3i20-:r9 30 ![epnrrx H lp.. 2000
    Kr-3139 44iiO + 50 3,3_10--i010 C)r,rso,'lan. 200.1
    l Ku-2122 43,t0 + 60 3090-2t910 tlepusrr u
    ^rp., 2000
    Krr-7092 + 55
    4Ct.t0 2621-2:412 Fla:apoe. Koearrox, 1999
    Krr-l llzl 4200 + 10 l9 r0-:(il0 9epnrrx u lp., 2000
    Bln-4602 4lfi2 + 46 2880-2670 Cursoran.200l
    Ku-.1044 40(i0 + 60 2840-2410 Cllrso,tan,200l
    oe -l/2 Ku-7 i01 399t0 + 55 2511-2164 Ha:apoe, Kosanrcx. 199!)
    ) Ku-l107 39ti0 + 45 2580-2460 Llepurrx n .cp., 2000
    oe -ll I i{u-7100 39i0 + 50 2563-2461 I larapon. Koner,qrox, i99v
    ) l{rr-7090 396,0 + 60 2563-2353 Harapon. Koea-rror. I 99()
    'lin-2129 i3960+5-5 2584-2160 rlepnrrx n ap., 2000
    oe 3,i i li{rr-7099 11950+ 6,5 2560-2_249 llarapoe, Kosa,rrox. 199!)
    l l{u-7091 3920 + 60 2470-2306 Ha:lapoe, Kosariox, 1999

    [HEnPOB 0KOl= IIEBOFEPEXbE

    M r cpiliul
    Ia6.Ne BP BC 6tiVo H cro.r H lr x ti
    NIuuoexa 2/l:i Ku-8.58 4590 + 110 35 10-3 100 9epHux u ap., 2000
    I\,1 rl Tt t,t r' e, E frH-rI Cr a.r a lVIc rrua /5 Krr-5.12 4530 + t30 3500-:u 900 tlepusrx u lp.. 2000
    l\,1o rure:e. lipHuoe;r rr Nlonrrla /5 ,[r-'? 3830 + 120 2410-?_r30 r{epHsrx H np.. 2000
    LLIHpoxrlr 6a.nra .l/(j Kn-1'711 4450 + 8-5 3 330-:t930 9epnsrx u np.. 2000
    fle'prr:tqttnnn,l I /l 3 Ku-6.59 4105 + 120 3320-|,),')10 tlepHsrx rr ao.. 1000
    floAri,uulHoara 5,/5 Ku-1,141 4400 + 150 3 340-:11)00 tlepuurx n ,rn.. 2000
    ,rlro,i rrnr oeh:a I 7/9 ? Mo-]2 4390 + 60 3100-",_,)20 Llepusrx rr lp.. 2000
    B:urr^:u I/5-,i Ku-606 4370 + 120 3310-i1890 tlepHrrx n np.,2000
    41

    ,rla6.i\"sr BP B[] 6870 i4croq Huxr.r


    Iia-rxrr h/5,: Krr-7(17.1 393,1 + 60 2488-23t:. Ha:apon. lioearrnx, 1999
    KH-7tl7ll 4361 + 70 308 3-2879 Llepuurr r.r lp.. 2Ct0tJ
    Ku-603 4llll+ 105 3 100-2700 9eoHrrr u .qp.. 2000
    \t s-'? 4215+65 2920-266(\ 9epHux n ap.,2Ct00
    Ku- 100/4 42.9I + 90 3090-2700 9epssrx rr ;tp.,2000
    ivlolrr,ren.6 ara lvloru,ra /6 Klt-4,)7 4?1) + 120 30()0-2620 9epusrr r ap., 2000
    lr4olli.;ren. Errto,'rosiilir lvlolula i6 Kn-4113 4Ct2l+ 80 2860-246(' 9epurrr rr ep.. 1000
    li4 ot' trlcti_ 5;rl,ll.'rositl ii lv,lolil,la /6 I t6 ,/
    Jie:- 4Ct0l + 100 1670-t 36t) 9epusrr n;tp.,2000
    Ilo.rti.;a-rr r,rtrtnxa (r/I ll Kti-1'7lli 418,1 + 60 2E90-262C1 LleDrrsrr u lp.. 2000
    Iin-8t13 -11 81 + 120 t9_10-160t) 9epsslr r'r ap..2000
    vs-l 3l9il + 105 1,1(;0-2 I I0 9epHurr r Ap., 200t1
    lllrrD0uaq 6a"'rxa Iiti Krr-7t18'/ 410i + 55 2E(t0-250.1, Harapon. Koeturxlx, 1999
    []a-r xr.r L/:lt.) JIe- l t6lt .+08i) + 90 I E70-150i) tlepsur rr ap., 2C,00
    []a-r rr r l.,i4t,) Krr--5137 399t1 + I l0 2900-2 30t!) 9enHsrr u lp.. 2C,00
    l3- lv4orrr,reer. 5 prrl"rosa ra llolu,ra / 12 Ktr-4'94 408r1+ 100 28,rtl-2 50rl) 9epusrx rr ap.,200{l
    t-l lr4rttt,leFiit ii3 Krr-.1.2 I 397r) + 80 2610-2 i5r:) tlepslrr li ap., 2000
    []o-;r',raHcL l,i I E Krr-219t 38611 + 50 2461)-2291:l 9c;ruurr rr lp., 2000
    Itu4or-lrrer, L/t3 Krr-4')7 384(l + i20 2411J-2131:l tleDurrr u lp.. 2000

    M taJt : tic cTb

    .Nlr AIflec ,,1a6. Nr 13I' BC C.87r I,IcroqH uxr.r


    I lllrrporrcura [/8 tiu-6741 :123:' - 60 2900 21 I0 Szmvl 999
    lVlrlpcucnra -3li Iir--5 82il 4010-- 60 2630-'/460 Szrnvl 999
    Ta:rurr r i.r l/1 [irr-6,/ 1.+ i990-- 50 2510 2450 S z rnyl 999
    .1. Tlrqsrrxr.r l/2 lirr-(lli I -'i l9l5 - -50 t530.t.160 Szmvt L)99

    l'a.usrp r rr l/3 Iirr-6,r I 0 390ii 60 - 2470 2290 Szmvt ')99


    (:, I\lrrpoHcura 7il ilu-5 ti2:i l89.ij 60 - 24-i0 2280 Szmyt 999
    - ()99
    IVI nn,crHr:sxa 2/3 tin-,5 82(r 387.i' 60 2440.2225 Szmyt
    I illrrncrucsxa l/4 Ih-5825 3810 - 55 2370-2t10 Szmvt 999

    Ir)/f'AHC KO-IOH EUr(|42 PEtt/OH

    MareDtra,'r: te re
    JIa6; lfs BP BCI 687o 14cto.ttlr xr.r
    liu- i.i ll ,{800 + 110 3780-3370 Llepnutx n ap., 20t10
    lKrr-8.5 3 ..17:i0 + 140 3700-3370 9ePnntx ir lP.. ?0iJ0
    liu- l'ltll .:t5:i0 + lCtO 3380-30.10 9ePuutr rr 'lP ' 'loillo
    lir.r-7 tlii ..136-5 + 55 30E0-2900 Koval yukh, Nazlrov, 1999
    liv-]0'7i ,:lll'0 + 6Cl 2816-2518 Halaoos. I{oeaJrrc,x, I 99!)
    )iu-7 L7t, ..l3ll5 + 6Ct 3020-2E80 Kor itlr'r.rxh, Nuzlrov. I9()1)
    lin-70'7( ,:11-j0- 70 2816-26t1 Ha:apoe, Kona-rrrc,x, 1 99!)
    l(u-87j .:t300 + lCtO 3 100-2700 9eDnurx u ,rp., 20t)0
    -/tli 9epnurx n;rp.,.l0tl)0
    lir t- I ..12:i0 + 6Ct 2930-2104
    Cnaroso.l/1 (_roAl-l-.013 ,:tl:i0 + 3Ct 2880-2660 9enrrlrx n eo.. 20i)0
    Cna'roe0 l/l --- KH-5i35 ,.1000 + 19,0 2900-2300 9epnsrx rr lp., 20i)0
    Gffi*:Yl l{u-5 i3,5 4010 + 180 2900-2300 9epuslx rr rp., 20t10
    CBa'roso 1lll (IOAH-:044 .:18:;0+ 3Ct 2460-2290 9epnux u ap., 20t30
    liu- l'l I f 'i9fl0 + 60 26t0-2400 9epuux n ao..20tJ0
    l{rr-70'l5 l9:;0 + 6-5 2462-2202 Ha:aooe, Koezutrc'x. 199!)
    Kn- lll I4 i7l'0 + lCtO 2400-2040 9epusrx rr lp.. l0lJ0

    l,lc to,l Huxu


    li.neuHn.l, n.2 4120 + 60 :zi 6I-2581 Mauuro. Ten uNeHxo. 2003
    li.neuHn.l, n.2 Ku-7ti48 4 170 +. 60 '.zt,1l -2669 Manrxo, Telaxesxo, 2003
    Kn-7Ei49 ?_t,33-2411 Maurro. Ten nxeHxo. 2003
    "t_z
    R_eui st a Arh e ol o si c t!, Se 4g.!l9l9i

    NPTIYSAHbE

    -;:- M trJJ14ilJt: NOCTb


    J\ .Jla6. Ns BC 68ti,
    r:
    t,t
    EtP ll4,croqHl.rxH
    ii 2/19 |e 23117 4020 + 60 2860-2410 ![epnux n ap., 2000
    2 ii 2/,r0 fle-23116 1790 + 160 24',10-20'.\0 Llepnurx H ap.. 2000

    ncrloHbE
    M |ep lliul:
    Jla6.Nq BP BC C.[i7o l,lcroquuxu

    I AOH
    1i IUKLA.i27I 41-50 + 80 :t890-:26 l0 r{r:F t-tstx lr Afr., 2000
    I ACH
    j8/4 r4 f-,AH-? 4580 + 90 :1500-3100 9epurrx u .qn.. 2000

    r{AJtl\/brKt4F

    llrl
    la6 "\"s B]P Rr- cal 14cro,rHxxrr
    Ivlat+,r:;,rr r.r xe' ri r, lrA- 12690 40ti0 +- 50 2:.835-,t475 LUHu,ruHa rr np.,200 I
    1 e-'/ 39tll0 + 50 2:580-2460 Vepusrr u -qp.. 2000
    I\lau,r.il*r xeu; fl-A f t- 18-50 39til0 + 110 2"100-?.100 [luur,runa, 1999
    Vlau:r>rilixen r, tfAH-2042 39t',10 + 10 2550-2.295 LLInLu,rrrsa rr -qp.. 2001
    Uaur,r (i/l I,. )
    36,1)0 + t20 229A-1920 r{grpHux rr ,rp., 2000
    irAr-rrr r6 36,10 + 260 2393- r (i35 LLIrru,ruHa rr lp.. 2001

    Mare ocTb
    ilaS ,\s Ei,? BC cll I,i[cro.rHHr.iLr
    3.rru,ta-To,tla Hf.AH- 1,528 1!;86 + 11 3500-3 tOcl 9epnurx r.r Ap..2000
    I\1ari,l;l,lrrreH r,r rLfAH-2402 12:.40 + 10 291I-2100 Uluur,rnua u .1p.. 2003
    IV1 ar ,t a:r rxe u i,r trfAH-2058 4Ct70 + ,10 2835 -2.195 l.llrrrl.quHa H Ap.. l00l
    IVlarirx,tuxeHr,i nfAH-2056 4Ct50 + 50 2830-2475 lljrruunsa u;ry..200)
    HJra- fo.qfa I.ti-r\H- 1634 395-5 + 4l t5-5 5 -2 i-55 Lllrrurruna u ap.,2001
    IVIauJl:rt,:lt xeult ITAH.2492 3930 + 70 7489-2313 LUr.rur,ruua n ap., 2003
    l\'lauil:,1;:ri xesur l.'lf/\H- l89l 3910 + 50 :2830-2 3 Lllnur,ruua qp., 2003
    H
    KIILI-:i15 17,/3 rfAr{- 1006 3850 + 40 .t105-2205 L[ir.ruliruHa H ap., 200-l
    Maur;+rrrreHu lI I l/4 HfAH-2057 3760 + 40 ?-215-2065 Llluulllrua u ap., 2001
    KIlLl.:t(5 8/7 ktfAH-1005 3:510 + 90 ,2 r 35- 1780 Lllrriu,ruHa rr -ap.. l00l
    KIILI-ii,li l3r'9 trlfAH- I004 3:i00 + 150 :2030- 1625 LLIr ut,rnna rr lp., l00l

    BO.rI TO.YF AJI \CKItN PET'1 O H

    Ma lltr IJc BL)


    IIa6.Jt: BP IIC cal 14oro,rHtrxt.t
    ') ,)
    ,tt"t n,Dra n/2 2:.810-:t190 MopryHona, l"vpeuxnil, 2003
    ,) )
    2:,870-?.490 MopryHoea, l-vpeuxuir, 2003
    ) 3;1380 + 90 2:500-2200 t{epuurx u lp., 2000

    M
    ,la6 lrg BP BC cal tr{croq ur.rxn
    i1 +t ' \A- 12573 452C + l5 335i1-3100 tl3pHbrx u tp.,2000
    ; t/.i ()xA-"1254 4-51i3 + 7-5 335r1-3 100 tlrlDuurx h np., 1000
    4tI ().xA--1306 440tJ + 70 3110-2920 tlBpHbrx u ap., 2000
    , 1/l ,\A- 12570 437tJ + 15 3r00-29 l 0 LL:pHurx u ap., 2000
    ,14 Ilv-*r 157 42011+ 60 2910-2660 Llepuurt H ap.. 2000
    l'l . il aa.rcrF r:a 2l-\ I{.u-7166 401(l + 90 283:t-235 i l.,trrHr:(oe, 2000
    V'olurnttl ;'. l\il'. / 1)

    Srgn rorpnc,uR
    EapltHxtln200]:|]'i.BapsInxt,tn.Iiyllrrprro-x.l3;lt'"tctgeHnalTpaIllql{fIJ3KoJIofltqecXt'IenpoueccbIcTenHofo[lonoxulg
    neprojl 10-jj -n,rc.,;rer Ha3ar. Elonpocur apxeoJrofnr.r lloso.qxlr 2,2002,50-58.
    I,Ie;rtl0l]a.l99,l:CB.]4}]aHclea.H''E'I]erqrruHttrioaa.oj].a'Tl{poBKe,IepeuHuotinoBo3K}JnrF{u;rueroI1otytianu,r'TencslIox-
    rlilitc'E: t{r)Hq)epeHu.irl "14r-'rt'tp,urr ti apxeoJiofuq Ilrrxrrerc,ilOlyuaesr" (PeuH l99rl). 20-2J.
    l,lsatlcrsa'l001:t-..E}.[,{BaHoea,C.c,l.It,ta,tlHstt:ir:.rpoiiHacl3I|]Hl,lflllrltloitxy,rur!,pbICeBl3p()-3ana]Horoflplvepuovopsl
    ((Jar:r:ca 2001 ).
    HuiritotlarlJpr.][)(.)'j.(].]i]'l,{eaHoBa.JJ;.r..fIer.pr:r-rr.o.}I.E.e-lqllnullx.)n
    l.ii ra rr TdHec'rpa tOlecca 20[)5).
    Kpclteueultlt:i1!,,!)'-7:I...,t}'f.pentetietll:Hi"t.fIprll.ll.nal
    f, ae brrr3 {. ri} r b-ry'pH.bt e rpi:Ltt,t]riu it ) ( Moc xeai 199',, ) _1,0-11 .

    Kp1 u i99,;' tJ.l. [(pyu, r\nr'potto,tclri.rilrfi cxral Hac,3ileHHr.,]anHr ic'opin Vxpaiuu. T. .t. (l(r:rin 1997),374-383.

    K\'.rbtVpHorl IrllF,e, [] c6" Illni'ta ic-ropir ta K],'itbrpa uace-rer+if cren] raricocrenl'enpa:ii(nia xav'rHotl eir1.'rro paH-
    Hc cerpe,Iur-osiu,l:r) (,{rrinpone't})oBcbK 1999) I 2.5 126.
    l{t'.lH.':tl.oe.](D0:]IQl'].i1ljHgu6lg.C)llpoHo,rorrr
    cNue r larr rT u r:irir.t ( -)peH6r'pNi,g ... 20fi), 9ii-9!).

    tlt:.turi [] c6: lvlarr:prrta,rbl lt ttcc.'tlAOBaHUfl nO Al]lXeO.TOrr4rr []0C1O.ruor:i YrparrHsr. (Ilyn;aricr:1003),.1 1-t:i5


    l\'lerrepr l1)'1.1, 11.t'. 1\1t:1rrepr. ciio'roEro:br Elorno-Ypir-nocKoro r\,reiK,q)?eurn riMocxaa 1974).
    "4'preeueriruue
    Moptruont. l'\'l;'i:utgtii ll.Jl N4oprl,Hotir^ i\4.A. Tt'peuxlrr:r Hoaure Ha\o,rKu noB03oK rvuoii xyrsr\,pbl ri roxHo-
    1100.\:
    ,\pil,'ltcko\1 pefltoHe B c6: L{fet{Ht, noctstuleHHbre l[]0-,qerilK) Ae'reJ.lblrocru l:].,,\. foporrUoea e fHN4 (lVlocxsa
    l00l ), 8.+-E i.
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    ci.i:[[p,l6"rterrtl:l-l.Pt)t{0.'ICr|l,llrIi)'"1bT.yp3HeO-|il[att6pc'H:oeot.oeexaBocroqHoi;iyh:pal'lHt,lttnr.etBocro
    ; [rierrporrelpoec <, l']94;. 30.-31.
    lla:apoe, l,.oga.rrul.'i, t9t)9 C.El. Halrrpon, M.M Krea[rcx. Kuiectxi't lla,tiosyr-rreuera xa,ri6pauiiiua nporpaMa. Apxeonretpin ra
    L:).\:op o rJa lcrof) rj Hrl - K\,.i1 b'ryrplrrti c na.qulnr{t.t :i, I 999 70-8 l.
    lJrrrcrri:rea !)!)ll: rA,

    ,\nrc1:reQ. rfr(1. K .r.rJ. (i(lree 19!)l).


    Pac,titrtilrittu l!)95: Hlt f[. PitccaHtaxus. fo:lu;rii 3r-reo.uni paHHui 6poHroaurr"r sex Crenuoro flpr.rue'pHovopr,R: npo6,rerra
    lcKali(ilDBpet3BtITl,l|l,.tp|eBHI1}::K01.OBon()B.Bc6:KoHnepfeHiiIt|'intlBepfeHttH,fBpa3B}lT'|t'ly'1b,lyp
    lpe.tr r:ii n Bocrorrr roli Enponur ( CaHrir-l1ereJrfi.'pr t995 ).
    -l'.
    Pac,rirrraxirr 19t!)7: tO.-tl. [)r'rccarraxiu. t-]eir cxorapirr. Tdanur lcropin ]'xlraiuH. 1 (Kufe I99l').273-317.
    Pac.]itrtiiKittt.]3ejir]l:ttrto82tX]t:}O.f.[)accal,tartlu,|....,rl.Eeqotirtllg'Hogslf
    tt1to6ltertaB]rljteJr]l|I'1'..(t.IocTc.|():oBcxttx>noipcfterruii.I]c6:f]orreuxrriiapxeojto|qe(]
    [)bl.iKr.-ru l9!)Cl: I-l r.\. P6 .rK,JB,
    . urc. llr.H (lirren l',)9i)),
    3r,65rlr.ttH,iC[D:-ll.B't-].'(j6orrin,CcI'epo.3ana.Ijj(lefIpI1qepHo]\,1opbeB3noX}paHHeirlrcpe:,1tlel
    150-:iti;r

    toBbliiBe}iEicrr:.rcl.lrr0|1Eoportll:)(apaKTepl'll]Tllh:ah'},JIbT)'p'XpolJC:.Io[tlf.
    LIepHt,rrlr,'lp'2(X)0:|l,:{.ltieprrurx,Jl.,l.Agror;ir,J1,5.op.nonc
    .rolrur ( j\,{r:ci.:sa 2.(ltX.l).
    '{epur,rrtr,:p.1}fit,-l:[:''il.Lltlpusrx,-lI.li,l'Aettclua
    iiclori.n hvpfi:rltHbix h:)'J.rbl\/p. PrlrlcltticKat i:tpxecrofltr 1,2004, 81-98.
    IIltut'tttnarr.rtp'll|001:l].l,l.L|]rrrlr,rtttta'A'JI.r\.cxl:an'lpcln
    |1t]''I1IIl]l't|i:\r,III,T}'|)L'It3enepn-3a'nagHoroI1p'trriacnuq.I]c6:6pcrH:oeutireexIJocroqHoi:r[]sponsr::apamep|cTI{
    -r'),
    p. x lx)1111-r r.)rn.'r, nepHoiiu3eLitt1, . (Caltapa :lC0 l ). t 17- 1 :13.
    -ilpoec,ii20.iC:E't]l'fIpouclr:i.C|xor-,ltlc,.1qecxoelIi1ce,.leH|'le
    lle(r. .rrtcc. jt.il rr. (N4()cl(Ba 20iC0).
    .{or'al;'Lrkh.
    l odro( iub,on chlonoli:'91,
    It{ikolova l'9'99t: A, l\rkolova, tr{adior:i.rbon dating fir:,m the graves oi't'amnay,a culture at ttre Ingulets rivtr'(the Kirovograd re-
    gion). Tfre tirunrlatron of lacliocrrbon chnrnclo,uy of cultures tretween the Vistula ancl I)nreper: 315i0-1850 llaltic-Pontic
    litudit,'s 7, i999, 7.2-S0.
    lizml't 1999: N4. Szrnyl, ]letrveen INest and East, I)errple of the globullr amphora culture in eastern Eulopre: 2950-2350. Ilaltic-
    Itrntit Studies 8. Ic)99.

    Caent.taua lIGnttoea.
    ()nd et Apxet.tt oanr'() I o.v opbl,
    e,'tel.to- 3unctd n oeo l7pLHept
    l',|uctnun 'm Apxeotoeuu Hatpu'tucnauou Axade"vuu Hayx Vxpatuur,
    1,.t. lTlnunrncxan 37, 6.J01 1-Odecca, !'xStauua.
    +.1.
    _,_._-,_ Reuista Arheoloqit:ri. Sene nortc-t

    CrcrusTnucTl 9l oBtc;EtuRt FLINEITRARE pRAclcA'r'E DE coMUNtrAllle


    HII,LLSTI\TTIENH TANZII IDIN PLATOUL MOLEIOVEI DE NORD
    (IN BA;:A TVECFIOPOLET TRINCA "DRUMUL F'ET'E:9T|LOR")

    Olt;g l-evitki, Tatiara Demcenco, Chi,gindu

    !ertt0tii rrtull t)iai

    l)t (,,9n(tnl, eleirit;tttc'le tcltite ui',i,td ,o oon:lert, litttittttit.

    ,1r,1'1t.tttr,'tt ti

    .l llt:t, tllrlK U riolte


    0 t: i,t c t t r t rtt i, 0,t t rt L'i ! 3

    c' r. u tfI t'x o? r-, n p r.t tt t:xL.t st,; i) t, u ust.

    7-l'e !;ut ial {llorui(1,\,


    ('|,|'|.)iI(et||I||'i|?'|b,c,)o|rltc'|;.'ts|

    rll0t'C i'(tllt)te

    't|tc[ttr':]]uil',;rnnttet:r'c'poli,it:v'e|!as.lft|it'

    Itrttc rt1'tlte flollstott cttt'ribute.s rriul a. !inti't,d,sltare ctf tlte 5ic.r,tltiott elenrcrrs.

    lurncloucrRr

    F{ecrcpola turnulard'Irinca "I)rumul Fetegtilor" a fost descopr:ritiL in anul 1990 gi investigatd


    (r(rrnplot pe parcLu'sir.rl a patru carnpanii de sapiLtura ('1991 ,1994,199:;, 1999).
    Conrplexcle q;i nratenir r:le <lepisrtate pe parcul'sul explorirji sitului, cLr exceplia ceior cercetate ?n
    ciiillpillliit anului 1!)919. sunt deja cunoscute specialigtilor prin intermediul ritpoafiele de sapdturii editate
    tlJlcrelittxiiii, Cansa. Il.o6aH i992.95-107; Levilkr 1t995.241-278; l-evi;ki, Haheu 1997, 167-212). Vesri-
    1giile clin necropollf, ar.l const tuit rle asemenea qi subiectele unor colrunicdn la diferite intrunirj qtiintifice,
    in plezent publicate: (.ll-,:villi 1996, l6-5-193; Idem 1991,149-180; Idem 2Cr00,38-39; Idem 2004, j6-82:
    llclem 20[),1a,369-39-\: JIenHrlxrrir 2C,Q4, 152-1-57) in care s-a abordat c]-r pri3cddere aspecte ce tin de con-
    ctelizatelL incadriLrii r:ronolos;ice ;i de terminarea ilpaltenenlei culturale ir sitului. Examinarea complexd a
    indjcrior:tonc'lo;qici ltrpiesr:: tlr dc inr'entar a permis datarea necropolei lfrinca "Drumul Fetegtrlor" in pe-
    liriida ,:up)linsii il'irtt'r: miJlocr i secolr.rlui al VII-lea qi primul sfeft al secolului al Vl-lea i.e.n. (Levilki 2011,+,
    lli) A,nalizlrinciiciloretno-cLtltulali,ce{inatAtdecondigiiledehabitat,c0tgrdesferasprritLralaaciem,cs-
    trrl ca ne:ropr:,la in caruzd ai rind cele mrLi multe similitudini cu complexele funerare din bazinul Nistrului
    VolttnttLl 1. !'l ,". .l ,+)

    Mi.jlociu pr Depresir.rnea Rd.r1iir-rti. zoni. pcpulatai d.e comunitatile grupului podr:lia de 'vest sau podolian-
    moltlavin aceliLqt tirrp atestii un aspect hullstattian rrrult nlai pregnant?n comparafie cu acesta, elementele
    scit,rcc ai,'r)ind c) porrclefe limit.atrj (Levifl,ri llCt04, 339t1.
    Subier:tul acetilui studirLtr -- Jinind cc'nt de iaprlui cii. necropola de la Trinca reprezintd unLrl din pufi-
    nele nronurnente funet'are dirt perioada hullstatticLnf, tlrzie din spa{iul est-carpatic cercetatd complet gi
    ciire ibn:rtzteazii iniotmalii ,cle'osebite refr:ritor la: tipul drl monument funr::rar, condilirle topografice de
    amp'rl13ii1i3. cn"sanir:i,Lrc:r lui nti:rnd, dinrertsiur-rile q,i irstmc:tura tumuliJor, tipuLrile de construcji i sepulcra-
    ,i

    le. rittrl ;i prlrciicile flnerale - constd in primul rlnclin pfezentarea detaliatd a acest()rparamentri, iarin
    al-tltulea. in ex.uminrrea lorin,:ontextui realitdlilor hallsrattiene tArzir gi s::itic,: timpurii sud-est eLlrope-
    ne. (.om1:,irL;'[in<Ju-lc ll <lcose,bi, cu cele,i]les;tate'in zona nr:mijlocit innitrofii Platoului lvloldovei de Nord
    - (Lrazinul ,\drstrLrlui de Mrlloc rli Superior, Depresrunea Rddduti), precum qi r:u ceie crlacter-istice grupLl-
    rilc'r c:ultunrle l-rnllr;tattrene [1i;:ii din v,:sl (spaliul calpntc,-dunirean, bazinr"il Tisei superioare) 9i, scitice
    timpLrrii r:lc la r:st cler Nistrur, cr-r precide,re, din bazinul Niplului de Mi_jloc.

    Asprclul NEcRoPoLEI

    Situi.tti la c;i:rc1 0,7-0,ii l:m spre sr,d de margineir satului, pe un pl'omontoriu inconjurat de un
    tneanclru a riuletulLli Dlaghrii,3. necrc)llolii se intindea fre panta linii de sud-,;est a inallimii (fig. l/1).
    Celc:etziriIc nrla.r;trt: lu er,'idr:nrlat Lln nurniir cle I j2 tumu.i de dimensruni mici, dintre care cinci puter-
    nic afcct;t1i de lr:ct'itri ag,ricole . Cer mai line con:iervati et'au patru l-umuli cu inillirnea de crrca 0,-5 m.
    Cele L2 r'nciviLle, riispiinciite pe o supral'a1ir de cca. ? ha, r:rau iiliniate in trei grluli, pe drrec{ia sud-r,est
    - noltl-e:.;t (lic. I .-l '
    Erste inct-rnlestatril c:d necropola r':orsta drntr-un numdr mult mai mare de tuinulr. Asupra aces-
    :Lri firpt jn,licii: distanta mare dintre tirrnrrli in cadrul rindurilor (,|25--70 m);i intle rAnduri (30--75
    m),, cit i;r tuniuiri rrivirqi{i co-nplet de lucrdrile agric,rle (nr. IIIa, IXa). $i mai concludentd in ace-
    rstri ordln,e, cle: iclcr apare s;itrLalia evid:ntiatii sub mantaua de pdrn0nt a tumulului lII, in care au
    ['os[ cl3z\,,e]iteclouir esllrlmr:r"rrtii de F,ietre: A - care c,)respunde nrantalei de piatra proprru-zisd a
    :unrulr:ii gi,I3 -- cle prollortrr rnui mic'; rrrnplasatd la 3i rn spre sucl de prima. Toate acesteu permit.r
    ,loristilta r:il nercrollrlla a {'os;t,'ormatd nu numai din tr-rn-r'.rli cLl mantaua de piatrd gi pdmiimt vrzibili
    a rnr)rrerllul cercr:larilor clar-:;i din nroirninte ar:operite de platl'orme cle pietre de dimensiunr mult
    rai mrcr (:,1-1,:i rn) asupm r-:lrora mantale dc llamAnt nu se ridicau, sau ini!ial erau de o inalftme
    nai micti q;l nu sau prt"tstrat.
    l\,lcr',tpola turnulard frin<:a "DrurrLl Fretegtilor". tlLrpi astfel de: pararrretri, precrJm: condrliile to-
    :og1rrl1ict: de arrrpJlsare, nunrirul turnulrlor; modul de dispunet'e a ior in perrmetrul suprafeler ocupa-
    1e: cilractclul c'i nnonocr.rltural -- aiesti o s,lrie de similituclini cu monumentele funerare de acelaqi tip
    r:arr,rcterir:;tice 1:rr:rioi.Lclei hallrstattrenetiLlzii-scitrce tin-ipr-ir-ii din Europa de Sud-Est.
    Llcle rniri iiltrr:,1liate asenriinf,ri nerjr-oprola cle 1a Trjnca le are cu otrier,ltivr3le funerilre ale grupului
    'iecin. podoltan de v'est clin zona Nistnrlur de N4i.jloc: r;i din l)epresiunea Fiddauli din Bucovina de
    llucl. In rr:giiunr:a ]r{lstr:ulLri r:[e lv{i.jloc, in concli{ii topogritfice simtlare c:elor de IaTrinca, pt'omontorii
    lnaltc, sunl arnl:rlaiiitc necl rlpolele tumulare de la Lenkovcy (Me:lrorc,na I95i8, 6Cl), Kruglik
    lCrrr.rpnc,nri 19r5E, I,l). Dolinrany (Cvrmp'nosa 1917,21)), IMyskovcy (N4arees 1991, 123), Pereby-
    Itorc\,(ClHmpuona lt)7t),3',t);.a. De c,tri:ci constall dintr-un numdr relativ redus de tumr-rli. Necropo-
    lele complr:t invesiigate. cle, lr Dolinjanl i'ngloba 4 tumrrli, cea de la Per,::byk.ovcy'- 6 tumufi. Necro-
    pol,:le cercetatc parl.ial (citr:, un singur tumul) cle la Lenl:ovcy qi I\4y5kovcy constau <lin 4 qi, respectiv
    .! mol'ile. Ln necrc,pola cle la l<,rugfil<. lilrmatd din 11 tumuli, de tip poclolian de vest sa dovedit a fr
    rloar unul l{u este ceft numd'rrrl tumulilor de tipul podolian de vest'in necropola de la Ivanovcy', alcd-
    tuiti clin t28 rje nrovile. Prin:re cei l/ t.rrnuli investig;afi, acestui tip se atlibuie cloar 4 (nr. 3,4,5,6)
    (L[[yxr.rn .t!)8!), t0'/). La Sut:riivcy, dirr grupr-rl lormat clin 7 tumuli, patru daIe,azd, clin perioada sciticf,
    timptrrie (I'1'ua:, I-'1'qa.n, MeI'e'[ 1998. 7'+)
    I
    Rezr-:ltatel,: comprJere l ,:rercetdrilor obiectivrrlui I'unerar de la Trinca, in fbrmi monoglaf icii, deja tirnp de trei ani se af'ld
    lr eclitura Institulr"ri Ronrin de Trilcol,rcie. Bur:r-rrestr.
    t0 - - Re.q;lU4rhSplpgtt4. .,S'erie noucT
    --

    ll tt ll rru

    /l v @vt) !11
    f|l
    A,\
    @)t

    ^atub(:).

    l=1----
    t -"!'",ir,.uu,,

    \ lxu' ra€,, \
    \l^.
    U',',, Ilrl rc," O,u
    r A,,, f ,(),'"
    ---3==\:\::: 'v rflv
    *":'"
    Jx
    rdf' oo
    ___.1\
    o,,,
    ., \\

    Ia,ltr
    '4- \. O"e,OlD
    tr.C) d

    spt, r ^.
    :=:_\-'e$,

    t)> L?,,1

    1?" \'o. illa ?',

    '"-v0f SsrS
    Or urr
    ,.-r ---; tJl , d. .'t ,a5'
    :'?|

    a ?'.
    ?',
    t

    . , Oo O,P'r)r
    *;;
    ?"J,
    )c y e (-])r g5"oo r"
    ! :ilo tr,

    Fig. l,tJecnlpr:lalrinca Drumul Fr:1.egtilo/': 1-condtiiletopograficedeamplasare; 2-organizareainterna,


    structu,'€r tumulilor (a *.rnrnta de piatrd 9i pdmint; b - movili{d de pdmint suprilpursdr de mantaua de piatra 9i
    pdnrint; tunluli Ceterir: ati); 3 - constructii funerare (a - suprafala orizontului antic; b - construclii de lemn 9i
    ,:r
    -
    pial16 cler suprrala{ii; c - grc,pi; d - tumuli deteriora(i); 4 - tipruri de morminle (a-- resturi cinerare depuse pe ori-
    zo,rtul antic; b -. incinerdr depruse irr urne; c - in<:iner?iri in construclii de suprafald; d - incinerdri incomplete;
    e -- inhurndri; f - r:renolair:; g --t.rmuli deteriora{i); 5 - erlenrente complimentarer de ritual (a - coloranli naturali;
    b -- dep;nerea inventari-r r-ri sub meLrrtaua de piatr6; c - depunerea inventanrlui in afara mantalei de piatrd;
    d -- ofrarrdd der c,:lrne; e - rug pe rnanta, depunerea ofrandelor ulterior inmormintiirii; f - tumuli deteriorafi;
    6 --arrpliasarea rnorminle or in :lunctie de sex (a - ferninin; b - masculin; c- felinir/rnasculin; d - tumuli dete-
    rio.ati; e - cenota:f (rnascu lin).
    Ltt
    Vt'|.u,'uLI J. 1\'r. I

    lnfg.rma{ii ceirte rel'eritor La clispune)rea tumulilor ir perimetrul necropolelor cunoagtem doar


    pen-
    tru necrr[)ola cle la Dolinja.nl, unde tre rnovile situate la distanle nesernnil'jcative unul de altele sunt
    grupate j'ir lilje axatA nor,[l-vest - surl-est, iar iLl patulea, ampl;tsat spre sud-vest de ele (CuizpHona
    lq'i1,2,)), qi cle la pererbyl<o.,,cy, in care cei ;;ase tumLuli erau dispuqi aprroxirnativ lntr-un Err orienttrt
    sucl-est r,(':uupnonii 19,/9,.1'i). Planul necropolei, ?nsii. in opinia noastri-1, de,monstreazd cA tunrLrlii
    au

    fost riclicali in clguir ginrri, axtte sud-est -- nold-vest, d:stan{a dintre ele fiinrJ de cirr;a 60 m, iar dtntre
    turruli. in cacli'ul ri1dull3r clr: circa 35,5-110 r':n rlCvupHoBa 1979, pu<:. l). Referitor la distanta din-
    tre tumtrli in i:acllri necropolr:krr (grupurilor tumularg,) miii menliondm;;i sit.ualia fi:tatd la N1yKkovcy,
    uncie tuprulll nr. 2 este sitr-rirr la t5 nr spl'e nord de tunurlul nr. I, iar turnulul nr. 3, la 50 m spre
    norc-
    vest de turnLrlul nr I (lr4a:re:er l99l ,123). Din rindult irecropolelot'(grupunlortumulare) men!ionate.
    aspcctlll monocu{tural (ap,:,u'tcnenta la grupul podoliirLn de vest; cste cel't nltmai pentru cele cel-cetilte
    conrplet. Drlin-jarnv qi perebvkovcy I\Jur este exclr-rs, cd iiceiagi atriburlie culturalr,i sa fie proprie 9i
    grupil.il,rr tlrrnulare cie la I-clkovcy gi lvlyikovcy, prrr(:um gi scrticd timpr-rrie a celcir trei tumull nein-
    vestigati rJe lrl Sr.ttttli'c1'.
    ln sucl-trgcou,inean:l a glupului podolii:Ln cle vr:st, (cteplesiunea Radauli), necropola turnulari
    lri'
    6[9 lx \/]lo,r,et esl.3 ampiasatii cLipreclile'ctie pe p,latounie din locur"ile cele
    ntai inalte ale crestelor dea-
    lu'i6r r.l;znat lg7g, i07-lr.ri;, fig. l). Cartarea eI'ectuatd oclatd cu desfit;urarea sipdturilor in anii
    lt'71-Ii)l/3. a str:,b,rlit cd tr,ululri au fost amplar;al.i nutnai pe platourile pe :are.le ftice din loc in loc
    crc.sta, separ.ind necropolrr. prin dis;tan1e cic:i00-1510 nt in cinci sectoare. in siectorul
    A (Dealul
    Br-rrlci) evltJentiindu-se l:i nrovile. in, sectorul Il -3. in sectclrul C - 3,
    j'n sectorul D I qi in sectorul
    -
    (lgnat 2000a'
    E -- .1, in t<ttitl .1,r5. in rreL:'sp6lx Cla:;vana -- rloclru au fost evidenliali 5ll de turnuli
    -
    clin sectoru..l 1,, Dealui Ilurlei, dc la Volovdi sunt ampla:;a!i in $ir a.x.at nord-est -
    sud-
    2lL9). T*r'ulii
    in
    vcsr, iilr in sector.r-lI E, sucl-i:r;t - nord-v,:st (Ignal ]978, 109, f ig. i,2). Drn cei 9 tLrrrruli sapa]i secto-

    ru.l Deir.lu,l Burlei, l"r perigar-l.;, hlllstiittianI tArzie se atribuie doar 2


    (nr. 2 9i 7) (ibidem, 112)' La Ca$-
    crc'|nologic - grupului
    Vilna - Cc,dru, toti cer i I tr,rrnr-rli inv;sliga{ii aparlin aceluia;i oriz;ont cr-rltulal -
    l)()\lolii,l) de i c:st (l$nar 2111111. .l3l)'
    nectopola tumularit
    ln ricest i.'1ext es,te nerc,:sal cle rn,lnlionat,:f,in regiunea Nistrului de ldijloc,
    pe o inal!ime neinsem-
    cljn fazu rrirzie u cr-rlturii cle rn11 Les der la l-uca Vruhrk:veckaia, era amplasltI
    nltii a prrrncr ter.nse a rirulr.ri NistrLr, c,ei 8 tumu[i ,Je o r:onstituiar-t erau clispr-rEi in d(rua linii axlte
    sud-

    e:jt - n()rl-\'cst (l-l[oBKorI"]tc t9-52, -5. irrrc. 1; Illonrcrn:r-ac' MaKcur'loe


    [9'51]' 89' pr'rc' l)' Pllma tet'asii
    ii necropo}r:i ttlmulare Dnestrovka-Luka,
    a rtralului drept a rtr,rlui l{ir;tru este $i locul cie amytlasare
    (Crlnpuor;a 1982' 30)' Necropola de la
    folrrratr,i,cin 5 rncrvile situiar-:, la clistiLn{e miili una do la aita
    Brrr6yii;,:vka est(:r sritLrarl p€r un pronrortorir,r inalt a rnalulr.ri drept a
    rir-rlui N{urafa, cei 8 tumuli firnd
    ciispuqi in tinie itxlltA nord-', lSt -- sud-e st (Cx'rprrii I{)t'9,19)'
    Nec,tprolrr Tr-lrcr.i "Dlu:tr1 lrete:iliror". drn puncru de vedere al
    piuarnetrilor e;tamtnafi, manifest[
    din regiunela Transcarpaticd a
    anrrrnite faralel,., ;i cu nt:cr:rpolele tumulare, aie culturii Ku5tunovice
    LIcrain,ri. Cornunrlirlile acesiei cr:lturi amplas;au n(l(:ropolele pe
    platourl mai pu{in supra'inhllate--
    K.crloclnoe Il (CrrapHoBit. E,i3pHrrKoBtrlr 1965, l(i7), ;au ciriar
    pe cAmPuri drepte' pulin relevante-
    C)e r'y,j F,ot,li (C'rrrrprroslr 1!)79r,
    ;10). De reguld, cirritirile sttnt 1'orm|te ciin mici grupuri de tumuli'
    in.l;l0br:tnci de la 4,-(; prind. l,r l0-16 lric'\'|ile, dispuse I'd:a oarecare
    otdin':, la distanle considerabtle una
    de altii (Clrripnont','E.pnouor:nq 1965,101', Ortupttoaa 1979a,40;
    flonoell'i 1990, l-59)' Supraf'a!a
    nec:ropoler l(.cllgclnoe tI,,ce .:xernplu constitr-ua ciria I km.p.
    in perirnr:trul c6rera r:rau anlplasaii' fdr6
    car.e'A siste,ri 29 cle tLr.llLLli (Cuupuona. )ieprixxornq 1965,
    107). R,:fi:r'itol la necropolele de la
    mari erau amenajali in rAncl,
    Bluitar,r'ice qi dc la lr{erricl<e se nten'.ioneazd cd tumulii de dimensirtni
    1990, 158)' La cernyl
    i' jurul r:i.ror.a. excentnc, r;c situau rnovile cie dirnensiuni mai mici (florrosnq
    clistzrnlate intre t,:le, ?n cadrul cdrora
    F,ot.k, cei I I tuLmuli carti,rti 'in anul ll!r7i, formau llci grupe mult
    gruprd 9i nold-vest - sud-est' grLlpa
    rn,r,ilc,Le elau dis;tuse in riinduri axater nol'd-est - s;ud-vest, prima
    in'cadrul necropolelor
    a douir rlr[]irfirpnosa 1919a.39-40, ptlc. ll.). Ctxlpl,:xele funerale cercetate
    rncntionate, l'5ri1. cxceplle, apa(in cr-rlturii Kustanovic':'
    din regiunea Carpalilor rne-
    Nr:cropr:le1: tumulare L erupului hallstattian trlrz Lr Ferigile-B0rseqti,
    la Ferigile. pe vechiul con de degeciie
    riciioniil si cle cr.rrburd era.u amplasate ?n felul urmdtor: cea de
    a,l confluientei ,.;e,lor clouii pirae, intr-o zond cu'inf5ligare
    tipica a lunr:,ii unui rAu de munte' in partea
    4U
    Relisla Arheoloqicci. Serie noua
    cle sL'Lci a dep're51unir Coste r)ti Bistrila (Vulpe ',t967,
    - 9); necropolel(: Tigveni ..Babe,', Tigveni .,Fre-
    t:rousLi" qi ccpari "'I'Oplitlt pe mitrginea tentsei
    mijlocii a malLllui stan.q al raului Topolog (Vulpe,
    F'crpesru l9u'.2.,'71: J?opescu," \/ulpe 1982, JJ,99, fig. 1,2); cea cle la llZirsegti ocupa un plerrou care
    doinind salr"ll situal in valc la locul numit <LiLcul Dumbravii, (N4orinLtz
    Ig57,219;. xecropolele de Ia
    Eialta'Verde ;i Ciogogu --ir lun<:a inudabita a Dunani (Berciu, Comqa. l9t5;6,265.fig.
    1).
    In necroprola cle h trer r3ile, au 1'bst investigafi 149 de tumulr rncliviclr-rali, alaturali.
    grupati in pCI-
    cuti alrropiate, f5.rii ir'osprectafea une:i anumite orclinr in dispunerea lr:r ri\/ulpe Ig6j.15, vezi pl:inul
    general rtl necropolei). Retcritor la necropola Ti;u,veni "Babe", inilialL formaiA
    din 40 de turnuli, dea-
    s(lmenea nLl s;e meltlionelt.li cI in Proceslll inalldrii lor s-ar fi respr:ctat anumite
    norme. in acelagr
    tirrlr, pllLnul sir:uational al lumuhlor. in cadrul suprraielei necropolei, inclicd cd in amplasarea celor l7
    tuntttli identifir:ati 9i cerce :rl!i (fdcr)ncl abstraclre de cei distrugi) poate ifi urmdritd o oarecare
    orcline
    (.'v'ulp'5" Popesctt l9',rll. fi,u.2). Tu:lulii cu cljmensruni
    relativ ntiri marj (nr. 17,15,9,t0,1(1.3,5) erau
    ,cispugr intr'-un;;ir ar:at sur-nor.J. siilre nord-est de tumulul nr. !),
    car.e ocupd Iocul central in incinta
    Itl(lcl'opole i, aLl fost armenal rfi lumttltii nr. I t gi l2l; de Ia tumulul nr. J0,
    spre norci-est, tumulii nr.X gr
    .2' ta| spre su(:l-v(:st. lumult I nr. 14 Mai mLrlt ca atAt, in jurul tumulilor n,,. 5 gi nr. 3
    se situi.r turLulr
    r:lr-'ciimensiuni rnai ntici. n'.6,7, i3. q;i respectiv, nr" 4. La Tigveni "Pir:troasa", cei 5 tumLrli
    cartati
    coltstituir: (lollr: flrupi] distruttate intre ele cu c:irca 100 m. Tumulii nr. 1,4.,-5, care formeazd grupa de
    :;Ltc[-r'r]st sunt amplrisrrJt intr-un rAnrl onentat est-\,r3st, tumulii nr. 2 gi 3 di1 grupa de nord-est.
    untr-un
    ;;ir itx;'it sud-norcl, cu abute'r(: spre vest (Popescu, \,/ulpe 1982, fig1. 21). in crdrirl suprafe{ei accesibile
    pontlLl cet'cet;.rre a ne)crop(-) r:i Cepari "Toplita", r:ei 9 tumuli investiS;ati l;unt amplasati inh.un grup
    c:ot'.'O'r,-, , dtstanla dinlre e:i nedcpapind 4-8 rn (tumulii nr. I gi 2,4 gi f ijncl chiar apropia{i nemrllo-
    -5
    cit) Cloniirrt:n planr-rlru sittu lionirl, tumulii nr. l,2.,ti gi tumulii nr. 11,7,[i ,I'orrneaz[ doub rdnd,ri orien-
    tilter sLtd-','es;t -'nord-cst, cc;Jal1i, nr. ,4,,5,9, un alt riind axat est-vest (I,r:pescu, Vulpe 1982, j7. fig. 2).
    !l'rrmtrlii evirlenlir:r!i 'in nect'rrpola de la BArseqti, in numdr cle 40, r3rau amplasali pe o intindere de mai
    rnttlte s;utc ,:[e rnetrr (l\,forir,lz 1957.219). Informa(ii suplimentare re,l'eritor la rnodul de amplasare a
    turnulllor, pt'ecum r;i pianu.l gencral al necropolei, in publicafiile ulterioare nu existi (Mopunq l9-57;
    llorintz t9.59; 19-59a, l9(rl). I{ccropola tumularii cle la Balta Vercle., forrnati din24 de movile. erste
    clit'rzatii in patru gl'ui)e. dis:rln!ate dif-erit intre ele (Berciu, Comqa 1956, 320 3ZI). Lrpsa planulur
    -
    p:cne ral al necropoleri cdt gi :el itl grupelor, nu permite atestarea existr:nfei unei organizdri rnterne. in
    acelagi tirrp, rrrlanul srir.ualr< nal irl nr,l,ilelor nr. )lXIi, XXIII $i -XXIr,r (tLridem, fig. 123) indicd, cel
    Irrutrn, cd in ciL,cruLl llrimului grup els erau amplasate ln linii axate nof,c-esl - sud-vest, distanta dintre
    ele f iin'l r"le ctrca l0 rn. L,a i-iogo$u, r:ele 55 de movile au fost ridicate fdrir respectarea anumitei orrjr-
    ne ([btdern, f i11. J 84).
    In zona de silr,os;tepa c rn Dreapta Niprului, necropolele tunrularr: sr:itice arhaice, fard excepfie,
    sunt amplasate pe plittouri iralte, inilfimi separate prin ripi sau cumpr3ne:k: apelor (tr4lruucxas I9'15,
    73: Kcrrnanenrto 198.1,60; toelaHer{Ko I,r Ap. 19ti9,27). Sunt reprezentate prin grupuri compacte, in
    caCrul cdtora r:rLlntArul morilelor valiazh intre.l gi ll-30. Cele patru grupuri de tumuli de la N{edvin,
    -
    Ciordal<ovs;kij J-es;, cle e xernplr-I, sunt situate una rle alta la distanta cil: 2C|0 m 2 km (l{oenaHeHKo
    198t, 60, prc.45i). Dre regt ld, itt cttdrul grupurrilor, tumulii sunt situ:Lti f ilra respectarea unor reguli.
    T'c'todatd, in unele din ele pot f i unndrite anumrte elemente de organizane: lntemd. in aceastd ordine
    de idei, sernnificatir,'iLeste n:cropola. de laMedvin, unde tumulir din g;rupul II sunt plasali in linie oni-
    en latd notd-v,::st - s;ud-esl, iar ir. grupul IiI, unii formeazd un gir axat sud-vest
    - nord-est
    (l{onnarreuxc, ,11)81. puc.45). Majoritatea grup,uril,cr includ tumuli din djfr:rite epoci. in acelagi tinrp
    stult cunos;cLtte gi necropolt' (grr:puri) formate e>lclusiv din tumuli d.in perioada sciticd timpurie -
    Kcrnstantinovkl,'fenetinka ll4rruHcl(ar{ I975,14), Berestnjagi, Bobrica, Medvin, Kurilovl<a, Kaza-
    rovka (l(onnilrresxo I l)81, tlil ).

    Srucruna 'ruMULrLoR

    Structura lr,rntulilor cle ia Trinca, in linii marj, este aceiagi pentlu toatd necropola. Sunt de ti-
    puI celor c:u ntantalele drn prietle ql pamdnt. j.n c,ezul tumulilor cornplet in{elenifi (nr. IV - IX) a
    49
    \/olunutl.L,!r-l-- -
    posibrl stabilir.ea morjr-rlui de construcl.ie a mantalelor. in jurr'rl locului
    inmormhntirrit se
    t,os,r
    rrm,en*.1a un ring cle, l'ormd cui:ular6/ovlld, din pietre cie calcar
    rupt rle dinrensiuni mari, diametrul
    (tumr:lul nr' VIII)' iar
    ,:xter.ior al c[rura vririazd d.e ta 5.-5,2: nr (tumulirl nr. I.K) piina ia l0-i0,:5 m
    ldtinrea * cle l;t 1,0-1.2 pZina la 2,2 rn Procedrlele cle constl'uclre
    ce urmcu se efectuau conform
    Irrrlrl out'e lol \ ill-i a ll te:
    antlc din
    I. locul c-lepuneni rest1rrilor cinerare gi a inventarllui, corespunzf,tor nivelului solului
    dispusein mai mul-
    inter.iorul r.ingslui, se ircop,;:r'cacu pietre cle calca,rde cli:nensiuni mici 9i mijlocii,
    te rirndul1, :htrcaga c6ns;ttur:ti,: acopel'indu-se cu un strat de p[mAnt
    (tLrmulii nr'-IV'V'VIII);
    din
    lL l3cr.rt rlepunerii resturilor cinerai:e qi a inventarului, corespunzator nil'elului solului antic'
    de un strat de pi€:tre de dimensiunr
    int,:rioru.l r:rngLrlu] s,e ac,Jpet'ea cu o molilija de pdrnAnt. suprapusd
    pietre de dimensiuni mari
    mijlocii ;;i mici clisltuse in nrai multe niveie (tuinulii nr. VI 9i VII), sau cu
    de pdmAnt (fig' 1'2)'
    (tun:ululi rrt. lX ), intreag;a c)cq(,truct e acoperindu-se ctt l'ncd un strat sublire
    ''" i,ruf variazd de la 0,'l plrrrd let 0,6 m, treptat micAorAn-
    tr,rrea rnanralei de pit:tre in prLrrea centrrrlii
    cu un strat de pdmAnt vegeta]' Man-
    du-se spre poale. N{untalelc c.: piatrA, la rlndul lor se acopereau
    au diarnetrele de la 7-8' pdnd la l2-
    tirlole cle piimiint, in caz;urile ,:dnd a fo'st constatatii ?n itttregime,
    14 rn, inirlJintile - 0.4-5-0,'/ trL
    prirnul 6e6i rJr: constr,u{t.le a manralelor a tost prrrcticat gi in cazul turnulilor parlial deteriora{i,
    antir:, pr:rimetrul mantalei de pia-
    nr. I, II, III, care <lcasernenea saU amenajat de la nivelul orizontului
    din pietrer rnari, iar partea de mijloc'
    tra, clupli c'lr Se prezintd scr;toarele mar pulin afectiLtt:, consta
    chn pieiri: mai rnici, acoperite de o manta de panidnt
    vegetal'
    nr'' I 9i nr' III' de rlnd cu
    l'urrmlii erar:, predestinafr pentru tl sinlurii inntr:l]mAntare' Tumulii
    cdte un mormitrt-r:enotaf'
    mrtrman,:ul cie sub nlanriaua Ce piatrd rnai conlinr:au 9i
    partLc*laril.d!ile colstructrve, drrnensiunile, predestinalia tumulilor pentru o sing'urd ?nmotmintare'
    similituLdini cu obiectivele funerare ale
    atcstiLte in necroprll'rnnca "l)rumul Fiete$tilor" ilenotli o serie de
    inmormantz-rile sub tumuh (fig' 2)' construc-
    comunitiililor clin pcri.ada hallstattian6 tirzie care, praclic:au este marcat de un
    tirnerrare cle lrl,rutl tunlulilrlr, cu mantaua din pietre cie calcar fupt' conturttl cdrora
    lrile
    pamlnt arabil rePrezinta una din caracteristicile
    ring forrna.t din pietr.e rnasl\e ,, acoperite, cu un s.irat de
    ranazdintre 10 gi 30 m, inal{imile - 1'0-l'5 m'
    de,finiro'ii a grLrp'rui podclri;.ir de vest. Diametrere ror
    o singur6 tnmonmintiu'e (Menroxosa 1958' 39-
    li;irnea rinLgr-rlui d.e circa 1,2 In, fiind trrreclestinatr: pentrtt
    d'er la Satu Mare din depresiunea
    40) ,A,c:,lagi nrocl <le arneniajare a tumr-rlilof este atestat ii in necroprola red'candu-se la dimensi-
    grup cl,ltural. uniia deos;e'bire
    Ricrau{i i' Buco'in. cle Suri, racordatd ra aceragr
    0,35-1,0 m (Ignat 1976' 106)' Stl'uctur[ 9i di-
    unile relafiv rnar nlici' rjiarnr:,rul - 3,,5-5,0 rn, inilli*r:a -
    qi necropolelor tumulare din faza evoluatd a
    mensiu'i anal,crgir:c rumulilor de la'frrnca sunt carilcterir;tice
    culturir r3ierrlj)r L,r:s;, care irrr bazinul Nistrului cle M4loc
    p"ttdt grupului podolian de vest' in pafticular'
    j;
    5-6, puc' 11loe:Kon,'f,c' Ivlaxcu*ton 1952' 89)
    pcntfu r:ea de la l.*ka-vrr,rbleveckaja (lJlonxourur" tg:;2,
    gi tLrmulului de la. x)nestrovk.zrluka (crrrlpuora
    lg82,3l-32,puc' 1)' Deosebirea constdnd doar in aceia
    calcar nlpt acoperea nu utl motmint, dar mai multe'
    cii 1n otriectivele nlrmite, mantalele rJin pieile de
    Mr:nLumentel,:: funereLre de tipul tumulilor
    prevrii:u{i cLl o manta din pietre de calcar rupt erau
    din regiuneaT'anscarpatlcri a ucrainei' o ast-
    pri-lctic,t,3;;i cie cdtre comrr'Ltdlile crrlturii Kustanovict:
    g 21 de tumuli investiE;a!i in necropola Kolodnoe
    fel de s,r;r.uctLrrd a mantalerc)l este atosratd in rlin cei
    EepnRrcoeu'r 1965' 90-91)'Tumulii
    Il, clt:;i in nect"opolele de Ia Zonrin'l $i Lesovica (r]r'lupnoea' III' aveau la
    Potok, ?n rtumar de 13, cu r:rxcep{ia tumulului
    cst.cetali jin n,lcropola turnult'd de la cernyl
    gi parlial acoperea suprafala ocupatl de rugul
    ba;ri o mante, din pietre <1.e,:alcar r,rpt c,ii. inc:o'jurar in tumulii
    lPietre in stiuctura tumulilor sunt atestate 9i
    fr;nerar .,x rn\/entarul (.Cuu1,nosa l\)79tr,-51)' turnulii nr'
    tr. 4,8,9 cln necropola de 1a Belki Ei
    nr.VI -'\,'ll chn n3r:ropola ce la KuleLnovice, tumulul
    1965' 91)' La rllenrYj Potok' diametrele tumu-
    l-3 clin necfopola cle la Os,oi (Cut'rpuona, BepurxonrEq
    ,intre 7,5--l l nr inarlimire, O,ti-1,21 m. prt:destinalia tumulir.r'din necropolele menlronate
    riLx r,:rraz6
    fiinci pentru <l slngurd ?nnro'mintutt'
    ,o.ru rnrnt;rrra .rn oir i gi pentru gmpul Fengi-
    Tunrulrinsl-t.t'tcturaciircraesteprcZentimantauadrnpietreSuntcaractenstlc antic unde era depus
    q;i cle cu:'bura' La Ferigile' peste solul
    le--Bifs;e;;tr cltn r.,:liiunela clarratilor nrericliona[ singur strat'
    ile rau dispugiin cere mai murtecazurr intr-un
    rn.rmrintur se ci:,nstruia o g:r-iimaclf, de bolor,anr
    manta dc pdntant vegetal (vulpe 1967'
    pe cloui sau chiar trei, acoperite la rdndul r:i cu o
    'l.ureorr
    :' {-l
    _ Rcuislg Ahs=.lSgar!&-ie nottit

    ',t)
    ))_.

    l\

    \
    .l

    lFig.2. Grupuri 0ulturale s;itlcrrlnt necr,)polei examinale, in obiectivele funeran-. ale cerora au paralele parametrii atestati la
    'l-tinca. l-igrupu'l podoliand{)v€}st.(1 -Novosell,,a-Grimajlovskaja,2-lvarrbvlta, 3-Ladycin,4-lr,4ySkoricy,
    i5-f(.ar;ano',rka,6-St:nrralrncy, 7- iv,ino'/oy,8-Rakr:vflut,9-Sidlovcy 10-Kupi,r.
    1ll * Btlce ,Zo!ll:r)e, 14 - )l"avar.l rrcy, '5- 13orodnica (n,'g.lvian [:ranco), 16 - Duplisk, 1,2'11-Braty6ev, 12-Beiemjany.
    - Gorociok, jB - perebykovcy,
    '1
    !) - D,rinjan'7, I20-Sulirivcy,21 -Lertkovcy,22-Loe,rcy, 113-.Gorodnica(reg.Tr:rno;:ol),24-Kruglik,25-Novosell<a,1,
    ll Srupul p,o,:lolian-mo|J,:iv (1 * r'icovude 13us,2-Satu Ma,re,3-Volova!,4-CeL{;vana,5-Vornicenii Mici); lll -cullura
    *
    l(uglanovicer(1 -Nle'ricke, 12-lvlirlyeGeev:y,3-Zornrno,z[-Lesovica,5-Ku5tarrovice6-Cernyj Potok,T-Dunkovrce.
    {l - flolcdnoe 9 -Osoj,'l Ct -Berk:i); lV -grr"rpul sciticdinTr,ansrlvania(1- Marigelu.2-F:intdnele,3-Gadaliu,4-Baita,
    ii- $olrterru 6-CanrpiaTt'tei,7- 3ipdu,8--l-Argu Mureg, g -CinrbrurJ, 10-Ozcj, ll -Teiug. 12-Bla1,
    ':i -'Blirndana. 14 - {:iinreria) 'y'-,;rupurl tsirsegti-Ferigila (1 -Cepari,2*Tirlveni "Pietroasa",3-Tigveni "Babe",
    4 - Ielegti Dr-igoergti 5 -'r/,aideerrr,6*Ferigile. T-Titegti,,8-tlArsegti); Vl -qlrupul Balt;lVerdegi Gogogull
    -Gogc,gu,
    ll -'EJalt;a\/r:rda); Vll -,:;r.rlturaVe'kerzL.rg(1 -Monaj,2-l\4dtraszele,3-Tapioszentrnafton,4-Tapioszele,5-H6ves,
    6 -
    Ozanyelel:.,7 - Senl.es-\/ek:rzug 8 -- Gyoma, 9 -- O.oshiiza, 10 - Bdkescsaba "F:enyes", 11 - Zoldhalornpuszta);
    Vfll - grupr.rl sc:tic lirnpr.iriu dir drerapta l''liprului Mijlcciu (1 - Glevacha, .2 - l\rlaleLjeL Ofirna, 3 - Novaja Kotel,nea,
    rl - Zorrtneve ,5'- Perepjaticha, €; - Lazurcy, T-Steblev. {J-Kazarovcy, g--Trachtermir, 1O- Medvin, 11- Kurilovka,
    12 - Berrestnjagti, '1"3 -'l]obrica 14 --Berrkozovka, 1]i - ly2anovka, 16 - Garrarnja, 17 - Jasnozor'e, 'l B Tai;lyk
    (Kovaliolta), l:l .- Spc)l\/, 20 - l'(onslantinovka, 21 - Cve'tkovo, 22 - Tenetinka, 2j
    -
    - Zabolin, 24 - Gullaj Gorod,
    215 -- Mial<ee'yka, !16 - Repiech,c\,'. taja lilogi a:,,2'7 - Zurovka,ll8 - OsitnjaZka,2,J ., Turija,).
    Sernrne c;orrven(icnale: a -- tumuli r;u nr,anla rJe piatrd gi pdmint; b --tumuli prer,,dzut cu o rnovilitd de pdmint suprapusd oe
    nnantraua de p atrii gi piimint, c -. umuli cu txantaua de pramlnt; d - necropole F,lane

    l-<i)'ILrrnuli cu isl.rtlclLlrt.l aserriindtoare cu ui celoru de'a Ferigile : in\/entarul nrormAntulLri ciepus pe sol, aco-
    penl trtl o movxlitai cle bolclr'ini clepLr;r pe mal multe stratuli, sLrnt caractsxstiice $i pentni necropolele de la
    \,/aidecrri (\'urlpe 196''t, lt));r de la lfelegti-Driigoeritl (BerciLr, Comga 1956. fig. 193; Vulpe 196i,28:
    Cliiliitoiu, Moci,Ji, Mariinoiu 19E7,88). in necrop,tlele,Tlgveni "Babe", Tilgyeni "Pietroas1", Cepari "Toprlr-
    !r,r" ,sr .l r!e;ti se evidentiutzd c\<nd tipurr de tumLrli. Pdnrul. de dinrensiuni nrici, prietrele mantalei fiincldepurse
    inlr'-ttn singLu'sirtrat pe s'olul ar tic. lll doilea, de dimens;iunr mai mad, manlaua de piattd cu grosimea de circa
    Ct,5 m rslprapune o ntanta de: Erdntiint irmenajatd asupra inventarului funerar depus pe solul antic. Mantalele
    de piatn,i ale arnLrelor tipr-rri la rAndLrl lrrerau acotrreritr: cu un strat de pdmrint vegetal (Vulpe, Popescu 1972,
    88: Popescu. Vr.rlpe t!)8:1, l0ti i0?, I t(,)-l ll, fi-s. 13). in necropola de la.EiArs;eEti innrorminrarea clepusa pe
    so lul arntlc el a rcopen [ii cu o rant::. din plmlnt rogcat, sLtprapusA de un str,at cle pietre de riu, mai sublire pe
    crtftetlrl movilei ;i rna.i grors Ia p()ale, acoperit la llrrdul sau de un strat rJe pilmAnt arabil (Modntz 195J,
    )l

    asemenea 9i inr necropola <le la Balta Verde


    219, fig. 1) Maritalele din bolo,;:ini cle fAu. rnai ljind atesta'te de
    vana'ziiintre 7 5i 20 m' indltimile'
    (ller:iu. C,orn;a 19513, .\22,fig. tlZ3). Diarnctrele tunrulilor ca la Balsegti qi alte mormlnte
    0,25- 1.5 rn, ini!ral ple,vizute pentru Osingura inmon'nintale, in care ulterior au {bst depr'rse
    aveau qi tumulii din
    s,:cunclrre,ilvlori'tz lr)57,221,1ig. 1) Dinrensiuni simrlare qi predestinalie a'na'logicd
    (Berci'' comEa 195t5' 453)'
    necro'.lelie cle la Fer.rgile (vulpe f9{'t7, t91 9i de la cogoqtr
    cd movilele indllate din p[-
    Refe't.r l* zon,i <le silvostepa drn Dieapta Nipiului menlionim doar,
    (Koenauesr<o l98l' 63; XoenaHeHKo lI Ap'
    ntant efau predestirrate numai lx)mtru o ,,,,ngura inmormintare
    198q, l8)

    ColtsrnucTll FUNERARE

    "Drumul Feteqtilor" sunt rare Atet


    C'ns;r:rucliile frlnerare in turnulii din necr,rpola'frinca
    di:puneau sub manl.aua tumulului' direct ia su-
    resturile clnerill'e, ciit 9i inhrr:na!iiie, c*: reguld,se
    sepulcrale' in a<;elaqi timp' in unri tumuli
    orizontului untic, fiiri amena.la'ea corrstruc{iil.r
    au li:st al,rJState:
    'rafafu
    la s:prafala orizontrll an[ic' ulterior arse;
    a) vestigir ale c,unstrucr!ii1(I'de lernn, amenajate
    t)) gropiii6lfinr;:i[e in lutul 1:,albem, viu
    (fig' 1'3)'
    nr' IIIb, reprezlitttS' o platf.rrmd de lut ars de
    Vestigiile ,:onsr'uctiei cl,o s'pr:rfala, ."pir[t"'in tumulul
    (l,tl5 m, odentatd pe axa sud-nord' spec;ial amenajata la suprafafa
    :orrnii ov;Lla (0,9 x 0.? m) 9i ;g'.simea de doud in trei grupe
    era lncu.nlulata de 6 gropi clispuse cite
    rri;rontul,ui unrir:. I_,a nive,lul cl:pistdrii prlaLforma un strat rir'f,'it de
    in partea d(l sud-es,,:, nord-est $i nord-vest a
    platfonnei- Pe suprafala platfomrei s;e gSsea
    de r:e:ramic6 grosiera qi r;arbuni de lemn'
    umplutura
    ti.al1r'ente rnrc:i de oase urTti'ne calcinate, fiagmen're
    de cerruEi, de lemn Ei pietre arse'
    grc,prlor,ilcrnstir din pirmirnt ars cu incluzir-rnr -cirb.uniambele canJri' ele sunt amplasate la peri-
    Gropri au l'.s1. clesciiperile in doi l.urnuli
    - nr. I qi III' in
    .Je nor,c, t.espect-iv' de sucl.Groapra din tuniulul
    nr.l' de form6
    t.eria rnantalelclr <le piatrd, itt partea et
    cle 1"32 wr' era orientatd in clireclia n.rd-vest - sud-est'
    o\,,r1f, alr,.lrrgit.Zr (2,5.4 x 0,9(i r') qi addncimetr fund)' Groapa
    (pere{ii ro;;ituclinali se ingurist(3az[ Iin spre
    Se,:riunea rr.ansver.sar6 a gr'rii este conicd consta din
    de ctre a fost r;irpata, a tost prevdz:uti cu un acoperig din blirne. urnplutura
    la nrvelul 1,.r
    de lemn
    sprt: fund cu o cantitate mare de carbuni
    pantint neiglu granulat, pir:t1t:' fragmente de lemn,
    gi ,cirtev* oase cre anima.le. Birnere acroperi$uf
    i qipeietii , in partea superioard a E;rr;pii atestd eviden-
    0'4 m
    te ur.me d(J irrdere. Groapa dlx tumulrdt^nr.
    itt. d,a fornnii ovala (0,84 x 0,3'l rn) qi adancimea de
    ser:fiune'a gropii este tron{--o'nir;it' plevizut6
    in partea de
    -
    es.e orientat' in <lirec{ia nr:t<l-r,es surJ-est.
    nord-vesr cLr o trt]upti. Urnpl-rtur:a consta
    din pdmint ct:nuqiu qi pietre de calcar'
    orizon-
    dire<;t sub mant,aua tuimuiului, pe suprafala
    Depunerea resturilot.r]:in::rare 9i a defuncfilcr uma-
    era frecvent practicaLtir d'e citre comunit'lile
    tului anr.rc, fdril a.r'enalal'ea constr*1i", u.fulcrale, (fig' 3)'
    le sunt caracteristice necropolele tumulare
    ne clin prer.ioacla Lrallstaitia. d. :it'zte,cdr'ra predomin[ in
    asupra cirora se ridica marLtaua turnurar'
    inmorrnrintar.ea de[uncli.cr pe solul antic Nistt'ului de Mijloc
    g'up'uiui 'prldolian de vest riin zona
    caclrul t'itualulur tunerar al conrunilztlilor
    pr,:cum din Cep'J'iu''tu naUuli din sudul Ilucovinei (tumulul nr'VII' din
    (l\4er.uror.na t9511,40), 9i
    .Vorovar, p,l solur vechi :fiin<1 prevarLir cu o prat{'orrnii cte.pdmant qi prundig) (Ignat
    necroprl. de la moi frecvr:rrt'inmormlntau defunclii di-
    l9?8, l.ll). corr:.unitalile culttrrii Kustano'ice, deasernenea' sau in gfopi mici' itc'operite de mantaua
    platforrna de pdmdnt'
    rect pe s;upral'a{a orrzorntului rantic, pe o de-
    (f)t,tr\prrona, EepnitKoBIIrl 1965,9t; Cvruprosa 1979t'51)' Nlorrnintele cu in'entarul
    tunrulului Carpalilor meridionali
    necropole]lor tumularg flin 1r::giunea
    pus pe:;olul anttc pre<ionninZt 9i in.cirdrul
    (\i 1961, Z?-2-l)l Vaiclee'i (ibide,, l9); Tigveni "Babe" (Vulpe' Popescu 1972'
    dr: la Fer.igile 102 );Ji1e'ti (I-
    'lpe Vutpe Lg82, il0. tlt); cepari "T.plila"(Ibidem',
    7g);Tisrvenr,,P'erroasa"(lPopescu, 88) Ei de curbura'
    biciem, l l l ); Teleqti-Dra.ilt)3:gti
    (Vulpo 1961,28',CdlStoiu' Moii'ri' Marin.iu 1987'
    qi din campiaDun6-
    de laEirirsegti (r,{,:r.intz tii:;'r,22r;
    1959,355; r959a,23r;1961,20L'), precum
    1956,390-391t 9i Gogoqu (Ibidern' 409)' La Tigveni "Babe-',
    rr:and-la Balra \rercle (Ber,:iu. comga erau depuse pe un
    T.eleq;ti gi Balta Verde, in unele, caz,urt
    resturile cin'erare, respectiv' inhurna{iilee
    pat/stri,rt srub{ire de pietre d': rdu'
    i,1 _,Beeuts$Lr. o.bcLl!.. S c i e 1 q u ci

    \( )\
    '.1r)-
    /..
    7-'',J
    ,\---
    I
    i
    \\
    \
    )) jL
    I
    \
    I
    (,
    \
    (

    :i i

    )
    )l

    \,) )

    \ \
    I
    i
    I
    )

    l' -b
    - -?

    F:ig.3. Paralee pentru rlonstruc:iile funerare depistate la TrinceL in necropole grupr.rrilor c;ulturale sincrone. Semne conven-
    lionale: a - rt;s;turi ciner,are: deprrs;e pre suprrafata orizontului antic; b - construclii drs lenrn 9i piatra amena1ate la suprpafata
    ori;:rrntulu antic r: - groni

    PIatfornta de Iul i]r's, arnenirjati la suprafa{a orizontLllui antic, orientata pe axer sud-nord, gi gropr-
    lr: t.6 la ltumair) dispuse in jurul ei, s;dpate cle la nivelLrl de depistal'c a platformei, deplstate in tumulul
    nr IIlb clin ne,cropolit de ir l"rinca, reprezintd vestrigiile unei c,onsrlr'r.rcfii funerare de lemn (cavou).
    ConstrLrclii anal,og,icrl cun(il$tern in aria grupr,rlur podolian de vcst, unde c<lnstructiile de lemn pere!n
    ciitora c(lnstlll din stilpi r':r'ticirlr gi bfune dispuse orizontal erau amprlasate atfit la suprafafa orizontu-
    lui tititic, ciit;;i in Slropi rari rectrngulare (Sulimirski 1936,8l; lUerrcxoBa 1958,40; CrlrzpHona
    1977,3E pIIc. 1,2.5.''r; Iclerr l9ir7a. ,3-10; Idern 19,79,61; Idem I99l,5l; lvlarees 1991,124-125,\27,
    p,,!. r,| . I.r,-.,,,,,.,-.,,,,
    r\pJril!.riD'rrt{l(&r 199C), l-512). Printre,:ons;trucliile funeritle cle suprafa]i cunoscute in obiecti-
    vele ltrupulr-ri pc,dr-rliln de vest, cilr/DUl de la'frinca, dupd a$a pararTl(ltri precum: prezenta platforrnei
    in incinta miirr:atd d,e gl'ol:ile de pari; orientiLrea platformei pe axa s;ud-nord: prezenta in umplutura
    9r'r,rpilor a prctrelorfolos,ite la intdrn'ea capetelor inferioare a stdlpilor, are similitudrni cu constn-rclirle
    din: tLurulLrl "A> clcr la |{)vosclka Grimallovsk:Lja, unde locul pe care il fost etectuatd incinerarea
    plczinti o plattforn-rti cle pirtre, lipite, cu un strat cle lLrt galben, fetuit cu o musd de lut alb, perelii fiind
    din stilpi drspu;;i \,cltrca.l riSiulirnirsl,.i 1936,81;ltulerroxoBa 1958,4Ct)l turnLrlLrl nr. 2 de la Duplisk, in
    cnre locul inrnormantdlii i l'ost ami:nrUat ?n mod sirnilar (Sulinrirslli 19'-\6,7 i); tumulul nr. I de la
    Cioro,Jok, pre'v;lz:t"tl oLr o pliitforrnd rJe constructle r;rmilar.l cu suprafaf a presdrata cu un strat sublire de
    vur (Ibridem,6B); turrrulr-rl rrr:. I de ll MySkovcy, in care construcfra funerard consta din patrLr gropi de
    puri pc coltr.u'ri, care rrarciru cAmela funerard cu suprafala de l4 m.p., rrxatd sud-nord, perelii cdreia
    eriiu din blrne dispurse orizontal. ieLr fundul re:prezenta o platfonna ch'eaptd cu suprafala feluitd cu lut
    de culoare de,schisii (.N4are:e l9)91 127); tumulul de la Novoselka, in care inmormdntarea a fost de-
    pusa pe o lr:spede rotundir de piatlii (Ibidem. 12|13); tumulii din necrop01a de la Perebykovcy, unde
    podelele cavourilor erau plvate cu lespezi de piatrd, iar in tumulii nr. l. gi nr, 2 fiind ;i lipite cu lut
    (Crurpuoazr l9J\),61); tumulii rle la Sutnivcy, furr<Jurile gropilol cdrora erau a$ternute cu pietre plate
    rsulrtrri (I'vrta.n, I-'vr.1a.rr, N{eleii 1998,, 7 4-1 5).
    53

    lr:rnn amplasate la supjathla


    in zor'r de :;rlr.,als,tepa dill ltrleapta Niprului, construclitle funerare de
    perrioada presciticii (LInssncxas' 1915' 83-85:
    otiz-crntului antic' ulti:t'ior arrse' sunt cunoscute deiia ?n
    (secolele VII--VI ?'e'n) ele se intAlnesc
    i(oerraHeullo 1(.)u1,68), toto,C;-t,i, ?n perrtlada sciticd arhlica
    1989,l'a6:r' 4)' rlai frecvente fiind
    il)itrenl de r.ar.(Konrralreilr<o l9)[il. (i8, ]'a6:r. 1;KoenaHeFKo r{ lp.
    rlirvol.,.ile c1: lernn 6e clivelse ttpuri gi clirnensiuni ameriirjate in
    gropi' pondefea cdrora este de circa
    1989, 32)'
    .lrl% clin lr:ttr,rl momnintelclr scitir:e timpurii (Konna.ueurrr I{ nP'
    la periferia mantalei de pietre cu forma' dimensiu-
    Groprle sdprate cle Ia nivr:luli orizontului antic,
    cele depistate ?n lumulul n:r' I Et nr' III din
    nrle, .rrenli.rea gr caracterul urnplrltuni asemf,ndtoare cu
    nu ne sunt cunoscLl-
    n:cro',la rie la'l'rrrrr.,ir, in obit:,:tivele funerare hallstattiere tarzii-scitice tirrrpurii m)' pavate cu pletre'
    riC,5 x 0'6, acllncirnea 0'6
    tr:. E,le sunt net cleosi:bite cle gnlpile de {'orrna circulard
    chtbuni' cenur;d' preourn 9i piese de tn-
    Irmpluturii ciirora c:onsta dirr lllimint' piette, bucali de lemn'
    consider'iite gropi rituale (Sulimirski
    de,,c.perite in tLrnLrulii 1;rupului p,:dolian ,i. u.*,t ^ini{iiil
    'enr.r.
    i93rlr.8; lvl3ni()iiolla 1958. rl.i). cercetirile ulte:rioare intreprinse
    in nrcropolele de la Dolinlany
    ]19'77a' 3-10) a perrnis sa se
    (,lrrrrrpnona lc)"77. 4,[)), P'erebyliovcy (Clrrlliprrosta 1919,63' Crrrapuona
    stabileascii pileclestrnalil reald rt itcestot'it - gropi trentrLl
    stllpii constr-ucliilor funerate de lemn amenil-
    de cele doud gropt
    1.rte lu suprill.rrla orrzontulr-ri
    arriic. Gropile Jin tumulii cle laTlinca se deose'besc ai
    0,15 rrr) sAllate in suprafa!a rugulur
    ce cli'ensirrni nticl, (drame'lrele 0,35, res;pectiv, 0t,25 ,arlincimea
    funcr';u'clintumtrlLtlnr.\/II'd':laVolc'r'St,urnpluturac6:oraconstadincerrupd'cdt'buni'lut?nroEitin
    \Z"ZS. Constr"uc{iile a'lincite dln rumulii
    drscuta{i'
    foc, lrr.ecr.rnr gi uni:,le piei;e de inventar rilgnat iOlZ,
    cleasenren,:r nu au nimic cc)ffuln n1cl c:u lropile
    circular: de dimensiuni qi aclAmcime mica' depistate
    culturii Ku5tanovice' predestinate pentru
    irr sLLprafr:1::le ruguritror fune:.'iire clin turiulii nec:ropoleior
    pe platforma c'in^lnctnta tumulului' sau de pe locul
    speclal
    <lepunerei,i resturilot cinerare llclunate de
    rrmcna.jat in alara tumulului iC--nrrpuoua'
    n.p"onouuq 1965' 91: Cunpr:;"otta I9'79a' 51; flonoeH'I
    .990. 1.59: lderl 199.3, 265 )'
    mantalelor tr-lmulilor sunt ates-
    i, accla,gr tirnp r'e ntion,imr,:ir gropr d: lbrma ovald siluate la penferia
    lateinrirnlllliinr.x\i,x'vl,xxldirinecropolacultuniKu5tanovice'KolodnoeII(Cltrlupnona'
    [)'55 m' adincimea cle 0'1
    t965, 106-109,
    liep,uxrior,ul.r 1,2.4). Groapa clin turnulul nr' X\',(l'l1i x
    mantalei de pimlnt ' la
    cu o micri c"uit'e sp're est a fost sapata la perifer:'a
    rI), orienratii pe axl sucl-norij ':.rc. (Ibi-
    ) irrumitii :ristan{zi cr.e .gromer:rfirre de piatr-d ameirajate i' $i cle est a rugului funerar
    paftea de
    'esi
    '1ern'pt'tc.l):inturnrtrlLilnr')i\/lgroapa(l'7xl''lm'a'dAncimeacle0'4n:r)'oriental.dnord-vest-sud-est
    (lbidem, pllc. 2); in tumulul nr' XXI' groapa (2'8 x 0'95
    nt)'
    :sre siturrli spt.e su<J-vest. de t'r-.lqul fun.:rar
    la periferia cle sucl-est a mantalei de piatra'
    ldi.n:itir lLr 0.1 rn. clrrentati su:[-r'est-norC-est, e'str: amplisata
    lorconsta din cdrb'uni' chrbuni qi b'cali de pi-
    fiincl parlral acr,rpe'ita de ea (l.tricielrl, p'c. 4)' Umplutuia qi XVI carc
    r1e:oase calcinate' iin tumulii nr' XV
    minr ars,, Iespecti,u'. ci'buni., Lrlnu$a qi mici fragnrente in apropie-
    sau ndcat tumr-rlii, gr"o'prile stlnt amplasate
    con{ineau incineral.rj efec;tuate: in locul Llnde ulteiior
    Incertd ritmane semnificalia gropii din
    rea i'unerare ;i erau. preclestrna-,e clepunerii ciLrbunilor.
    'ugur-il.r in irfara tumului. Po';ib'il' ca resturile cinerare uma-
    tumulul nr. XXI, care acoper-era o incineralie ei'ectuatd ridica
    ne. cre cr!.r.br.rni ;i de cen*gd sc curileau i'locul
    u'de urte rior erall dep'se 1n urne asLlpra cdrora se
    de mici-
    se sapa o groapa speciald,-practicaconfirmatd Ei
    mi'ntalra rumulului. iar pentrr-. :,irbuni gi cenugd
    le i]5,;lom,eratii de carbunr:;i pirrnlnt ars a1'late
    iangi vase'lt; de olranda (ibidem' l(19)'
    forma sec{iunii
    particularitdtrlrl constr.rjr-: ive ale gropii din-tunulu nr. I de la Trinca, incleosetri,
    de-
    adincimea considerabilS' cornponenfa umpluturii'
    trans'ersale, pt.e,lenta acopetiqului din bime,
    posibir, re:rezinti un morrnint cenotal''' amenajat in ace-
    monstrelLz:ii cri ea avLlt o altrl predestirra{ie.
    '
    ia;;i vrerne cu efectua'ea incireraliei incomprete
    (mornilntul principal ctin tumul) suprapus de manta-
    ura cie pilLtrd ' apol ;,Lcoperi1.': ct-t o
    marlta de p[rndnt comund'
    o crnstruclie funeralri asr:mdndtoare a fost cercetata
    in accrstii or.rjirre de: idei. tinem sd nrenfi,cndm cd
    mOrml'tur nr. l0 a fost dcpus intr-. g'oap6 mare ovali-
    in ca<lru,r necl.op(rrre,i prane r1c ra Fengile. Aici,
    alrrngitd(2,2(lx{-r.l35rrr).ad0ncimerrdel,3m'clefonlauntriqan!cudr:schiclereamailargir.Pamantul
    ci.bLrri de ceramicd pu-
    Pe fund s;e afla o mare cantirtate de
    grollii c.intinea pig,nenlide at'surd gi c[rbr-r'i. de nuiele' ciliva bo-
    de arsurl cu i.mprente produse dr: capete
    temic al.:;e, Lr'caJr de c6rbu:ne bucili mari
    (\/ulpi lg6i, 181). rcosultarea planului necropolei
    lovirrii ri3 riu, g.a., oasole r:alcinate lipsind comlllet _
    motmintulLui nr. l0 erir axat6 nord-vest
    plane cle lii Ferigrle (Ibidern' l.ig.23) c1e:noti fapr:ul ca €roapa
    1.1
    Reuista Arheoloqi-9d. Seie nouij

    sud-est' Fontrll de lanlcu th:schiderca iargd, irr exprresia cercetatorului, eventual, trebuie
    atribuita secliunir
    [ritnsrret':;ale a gropri. Bucit:lle mari de arsuri cu a]lprente cle nutele, consiCerate
    de A.Vulpe ca l1agmente
    aic unei vetre, s-ar' ,Frutea sri pl'ovinai de la acoprerig,ul gropir, construit <Jin nuiele pe
    care sa aplicat un str-at
    Cc lut. Astlel. srmrlitudinei gropii rnorrnAntuli-cen,ctdf din tumulul nr.
    -l dr: laTrincaqi ceaamorm6ntului
    nt' l0 din ne'crop{rlra plana de Ia Ferigile este er,'iclentii. in ambele lipsesc oiasele umane calcinate.
    Deose-
    btt'ea constiindlin faptul cii lai ll'inca sau gdsit dclar oase de la ofrancla rJe came, pe
    clnd la Feri.qile, inven-
    tar t\lnerar fonnat dirr rnai rnulte' vasr: de lut arsi gi priese de fier cor,f,clate.

    Pnacncl FUNERARE

    Fenlrlt necropola tumttlara Trinca "Dnrmul Iletegtilor" este caracterir;tic bilitualismul, incinerarea pi
    inhuntatea, rapcltlttl r:Itntre,:le f itnd, r'espectiv ?:3 (f ig. 1,4).Incineratiile se ef'ectuau in mocl cliferit.
    [. in af itra locului inrnormiLntirii, resturile cinerare fiincl adunate gi irnpreund cu inventarul eriiu:
    [.a -pJasa.ter irt locul uncle trebuia sa fre ?nm,c,nn0ntarea, ciirect pe n;velul orizontului antic (tumlr-
    lii nr V-lK):
    .[.b. - c|:puse i'n urne l'ird crrpa: (tumulul nr. ]II, aglomeratia B).
    ,[1. nemi.ilocit pe locul rrn<Jc ulterior se ridica tumulul, resturile cinerare rdmdndnd pe loc:
    Itl.a, - cremaf ii incc,lr rlete direct pe suprafafa orizontului antic ,(tuntrlul nr. l);
    lil.b - crernittii cc'rnple te in c<lnstruc!ii sepu|;rale de suprafala (tr-rmulul nr. IIIb).
    Inc;nera{iile de tipul I sunt complete. Mormrntele variantei Ia sunt reprezentate prin resturi cine-
    r':'rr rlr':t('n1''nre nri'-i de ot:;e Lllnano calcinate, ccnu;;d, cdrbunt, pietricele arse pAni la transformare ?n
    vrr', bulgari ,Je parrrL:int itrs)car,: inrpreund cu inrrentarul sunt r'[splndite i'n centrul tumulului pe o su-
    prrirfati <le circa 3--.1.n'r.p. ,itumulii rrr. V.VI,I):),6-7 m.p. (tLrmulul nr. VIl) gi circa 13-15 m.p. (tumu-
    lLrl nr. Vlll).
    'y'ariantlL Ib e:;tr: l'eprer.entatd ckrar de un singur mormlnt (tumulul nr. III, aglomeralia B). in Luna
    ciit'uttt era clepusa o cantilrrte rlicd de oase calcinate curdlite de alte res;tllri de la rug. Pentnr turrrulii
    care conlin incinenr'[ii de tipul I este caractensti,;: pietlele ce formea.zd partea interioari a ringulLu ;r
    umpluitura lur ate-<tti urrne eviclentr: de ardere , cantl{atea extrerrr cle ledusi a oaselor Llmane adunate.
    stttreil lor J'ottrte ft'agr;rnenlild, graduLl pllternic de calcinare, lipsa (cr-r ex:ep1ia unor piese din tumulul
    nl VII) urlr(::lor cle ardere secundrri a inventanrlui, precum qi lipsr,r stratului de pamint ars in locul
    clcpurrelr i lcsl rrri Iol' t'rnerlrr,.:.
    Ir:cinerafiile cie tipul II surt nrai putin numeroase. Variantir IIa a acestei categorii de morminte,
    incin,:ratiile incomplete. ri lost ateslatir doarin tumulul nr. L Resturille e:i fiind rdsplnclite pe o supra-
    fata ch c,trca '7,5 m.p, gro:i ntea strltului de prirnint ars neuniform c,rnstituind circa 0,2 m. Gradul de
    cre lri:lre a r:lils;elor erste diferit. Foarte puternic suut arse oasele craniului. trratelor gi posibil a prcioale-
    lot', Cbarstele gi fi'agrnente l: coloarLci \lertebraLle sunt arse intr-o rndsurd mai micd. Identificareii apar-
    tenent,ii oiiselLor la clif'erite parti a scheletului a fdcLrt posibil cc)nstalare)a cd, inilial defunctul fusese
    depus; in po:zitie chirciti Frr o pifie r;u craniul orientat in direc{ia nord-vest. Varranta Ib, deasemenea,
    eslc, repl'ejz(:nlaLtiL clo'iLr de rrt singur mormAnt, incinerajie completd e,I'ecluatd impreuna cu collstructia
    de lemn anrenali.rtii lii suprrfala orizontulur antic riturnulul nr. IIIb). (liroriimea stratulur de pdrniint ars
    din interiorul c:onstrucliei, suprapus de platforrnil este de crrcu (),08 rn. in incinta lugului funerar, pe
    platfolma, se gdseii c) cant ate rre?nsentnatd de oas;e cralcinate.
    Fractic:ile funera.re rerjl)eclate in cadrul inmo:tmAntarilolconforrn ritr-rlui de incinerare aparin mat
    rlrrlte varriilnt:3, ljese,ori en l3matice . Se are in verjere ?n primul rAncl acliunile efectuate in procesul
    'inrnormitrtarrlor der tipLrl Ji (tr-rrnuIi nr. V-IX) gi de
    tip IIa (tumulul nr. I.t. Faptul ca crema{iile de ti-
    pul Ia au fost efeclttate in i.l'ara locului inmormlntdrii este argumentltt pnn aceia cd, in centr-ul tumu-
    Itlor, r-rncle erau rdsp;lndite resturile cinerare nu a fost evidenliat stratul rJe pdmiint ars, inevitabil in
    (litzul itrcierii nr:nri.;locite a :adavrr-rlui. Presele de inventar (cu exceplrLa unora din tumulul nr. VII) nu
    alestd ume de ardet't: secuitdard, atunci cind pretlele din partea interioard a ringului gi cele ce nenlj-
    locit r;upraltun inmotntintiirile s;unl arse puternic. Resturile cinelare;;i in',zentarul in tumulii nr. Vi qi
    'VIII erar,r protejate cL:: o mi,;d rn,Jviljfd de pdmAnt, ce ar prezenta
    o er.plicalie. in tumulrr nr. V, VIII gt
    !1rl,rn 13l !.-,1'1 r' 1- ,
    ardere' PoSt-
    l.K ele irnp,r*unli cLl inve'taful ::rau acopofite
    nemijlocit rle piet'ele cu uInl.evidente de
    se datoreazi glosim1i mantalelor de piatra 9i' e-
    bil, neatectilrea inventaruluj clt: foc in aceqtr tumr-rii
    a'cestol'reariitiiti ar fi: defuncfii, depose-
    ve.tulr, rrrgrr-rrilor <J,e propor{ii rnai mici. Expiicalia posibilI
    erau :remali pe un loc ripecial alenajal, 11t:1,:1]:
    drti de pies,ele ,1. pultouila, de pot't ;;i cie ustenrsile sparte rltual
    rrdLrncte clc la rugirrnpreun[ cu p,iesele
    ce le-a ct:'!inut ii u.t.to (';aseintregi, sau
    ciner.re olranda
    ringuluri cle piai,i: tot arunc:i depunlndu-se Ei
    rr rocul innror.*Lii'tiir.ii) se inipr.[gtiau 1n rnci'ta de mantaua de
    cle carne (t*murlul nr. Vt), ap'i ul'ma acoperirea
    l.r cu un strat de p,miint:iLlprapus
    c[r: pietre (tumulii nr' \/' VIil' IX)'
    Lllterior ti-
    ritLrrnrrlii nr, \'l qi VIf:), r;au exclusirl.l. ,nuntuua (tu-
    c;o'comitent cu care avea loc "ospdful funebru"
    s,uprii manralei de: pratrd se ar:[ea un rug'tulr,
    'ietrc in
    .t/I qi \/tII), irtsol'it',1e spargerea val;e]or ce ()|Jn[ineau cltrand't: (nrincaluri, bauturi) q;i,
    tnu]ul nr. 'inmorntlntdrii din tLtmulul
    cle pdmant' in cazul
    r;flr;rt - rit,cOpeilfea c'r-rstrur:,ti:'i cle piatrd cu un s;trat fusaiola att
    viise au fost sparte la rug 9i cd irnpreuni cu
    nr. \ll, s;e poate l:rresupune crl unele clirrtre
    rrimcritpcjaratic,cisunr]ecu:.esturiledeardereaufostrduselaloculriclicdriitunrulului.
    Refi':r.itot.llllrncine'rafialckltiplladrntunrululnr.I,remarc6mc[incontestabilrtateaefectuariiei de os'
    pe locr,rl rid,icirrirturrrulului e,st.e ivide,nta.
    in u..trqr tinqr, cu exceplia unor vlirfut-i de sageatl
    posibil' ci aceasta se datoreaza faptului
    dc- ardere secuncrard.
    in'e'ta*rl m'rmi)nr.urur nu atr:std urme lui cornplett:, in rezultat scheletul a lost
    roc,inaintea ar:ce:rii
    cd acoper.ir.ea rugrriuri cu prie,tre a avut
    unele piese de in rentar'
    .r.,',',ut in.,lmplel, tocul afr:ctiincl doar orizontului
    sunt cbpuse exclusiv crirect pe s*prafa{a
    l'hunra{rrlc r1:pistate in t_rmulii cre ril Trinca, gi pirmant (lumulir nr' II' III'
    amerLaja mijntaua de pietre
    antic, ncrrijloc,it pc rocur u'tre ulterr.r se IV)' cf,tt'e de-
    cle larna plLrgului (tunrulii nr' II
    qi de
    IV). Mormintele sunt in rnir.. misurir deteriolatr:
    (tumulur nr. tII). oasere scheretelor sunt in stare
    t'agmenta-
    vastrtori s,a'. probii'ir, de,r leinhumaro n'a fost posibil de
    rd, impr.-L;tlatc pe supral.ar.iL de cir-ca
    4,5 m.p. poziliir Si.orientarea clefu'ncliror
    ' c. r'*ftut ,ain tuin.rlul nr. i i'iqial afost depusin pozi-
    clefuncr.r'rl
    stabirit. in aceita;;i ti*p, ti'drclcont
    lieclrircltipe0l]'illlecucl't1l.-llorient.atsprenord-vest,^(]onsider[mcir,posibil,aqapozilieefapracti-
    catiiiir'citzulinlruma[lilr:rr.Orienta.r.,,p,..estpoateiipresupusddoartrlentrumormAntuldintumu- cadrul ritului cle inhu-
    a permis ccnstatareei faptului c6 in
    lur irr. I\/. striclierca \/estii:iirror scheretr:lor qi' proba-
    i'mornilntarir. ringulu,-e (tu,muni nr. II gi IV), in per:eche sau succesive
    mlrie sc prac{icau
    bil r'eiinl'Ltrm[rite itumulul nr" Ili)' . y :: -: .- :..]^.,*,Xri l

    Der.irrrclcttmrtrminteiel;dv0rgiteconrfonnrituluincinerbriiqiainlrunrdriicareocupauopozttle
    cu aceastar tcazie, tuniulii'r. I gi III
    drn necropola de la
    centralr,r sub rnant.,a de piatrir amenajat'
    un :normiint-cenotaf'(rlesemnate, morminte secunclare, ctl nr' 2)' cafacterul
    Trinca (lc)ntineau:;i cit.e
    anaiiz:ei corrstruc{iil'r sepulcra-
    cie mornr.rnt_r:enotar,al acest:lra
    a f,ost argumentat mai iius, cu ocazia
    clJ mormintert: centrale etectuate
    rji'ect pe suprafala orlzontu-
    le. \ilorrnintere-cenota1.sprc r]eosebire
    pe axa nord-r'est - sud-est' amplasate la
    periferia
    lui antr,:, el'au arn,ilrlajate lirr gropi o'vale' orientate de
    Fies,tur,re cinerare sa* cie inhumrr'e
    lipsesc. cu excr:p[iaa oaselor de animale
    manlalt,:ror cri: pillr[.
    la.0franda<lerciLrne('tr-rmululnr.l)'altepies;edeinvt:ntar'nuauf"".:l-:,t.f:,ttate'rumpluturagropilor
    pletre, fragmente de lemn ptttrezit Ei cafbuni'
    constand din prdr:liint negfu silLl cenu$llt,
    qi inhum':i ) atestat in necropola Tri'cl
    "Drumul Feteqti-
    Brr:irurlrs;rnuil (practir:ar::a incinerririi cuiturale
    conrtrnitalile nlai mu].tor r:ulturi rii grupuri
    l0r,,rep,l,ezin'5 un fenom'ett .n,.o.,"r,,,i. 1,.n,,o tumulare' clt 9i ce-
    h,llstatli'nd tri:'zie - scitic[ timpurie, atit care pfacticau necxrpolele
    dir 1ter.ic,'da
    leplanc(.1.rg'4):urupullltlrJolian!lvestclinzonalristruluideMijlocqiaSubcarpalilorMoldovet
    1989' 73; Kp'yme'uHulrKaq 1990' 152:
    Ignat
    (\,1e.nrur<r:rua tq:isl+r:i; C,rflr':,Hosa 1980' 236; IIerpeHro
    1g78, llll: Iclern 2000, i|-'ill); cultrtra Vekerzug
    iin lJngana de Nord-Est'9i Slovacia de Sud-Vestnecfo-
    sci-ic iin Transilvani* (Vasiliev 1980' 90)l
    ('leper,r 1986, 174: Menoor<.ea i989,90); grup-ul sct-
    (beltiu' Ctlmqa 1956' 405"153"156)' precum 9i cultura
    prola d,;: ia (J.g,:rgr.r <lin Cinr:,irt Dunari:ana l98l'
    tica tirnpur.re din z:ona dr: srlivostepri iiin
    br"rpro Niprului (tr4nruncnas r915,80; KonnaneHro
    practicatd ?n cadrul culturii
    6E_,/0: [..c,eila*errxo rr ,{]r r9g9, 34-35). ixclusi' inci'era'ea era
    -[r-lnscalpatica a U;rrineri (.crv'epnona, Iiepurxonuq 1965' 9ll Cunpuosa
    I(*itarrcvr:r.: din regirrnea Carpatilor me-
    1979a, 1jl; llorroeu.n t9,;,C,, l-58-159;
    1gg3,2(4'\'gr:upului Ferigrle-B'lrseqti din:zona
    a culturii
    l'):;t7'201)' piecum ;i in uneie necropole
    r.iclioni.rli 9i rlle cur-bur,i ('t/tt pe 196'7'20;
    Morint
    '
    .y'eker.Lr1E (lulcrir'xo.ra l9rti9,99), rtr inhurrrarea - in n"ttopola dr: la
    Balta verde din cimpra
    .r6
    __.___ Rcurs,t Arhao!ogicJ. Scic rtottd

    ,,
    i
    _n T

    -t' \-)
    , ./ --^..l--i
    \\
    ,/
    ,
    \

    \, l
    l-'---1-.--:-
    / \

    \
    ) \\

    Fig.4. Parillele perrtru tipr:rili-o ce,mormintel clepistate la Trinca in necropolele grupurilor cullurale sincrone. Semne c:on_
    tr€rnttonale: a -
    rr:sturi cinerare cepus€'pe cirizontul antic b - rersturi cinerare depuse in urne; c icinerdri complete efec-
    -
    tuale in construotii de r;u5rr;afatd; :j .- in,:ineriiri incomplete; e, - inhumari; f cenotaf,-..
    -
    Dunalerani (Eiercru. L'r:msa 19.50,39t1-392). PoncL:reir incinerarilor';i a inihr-rmarilorin ltLll l'unerar.al
    unitAlilor cu,lttu'aie c,ilre prirticau birrtualismul est,: diferitd. Inctnerdrile preclominA in practicile fune-
    t"art-: ale r:0rnr:nitdIilrtr grr-1lulr-ri podolian de, vest (MenrcKoBa 1958, zl0; CulrpHor]a 1980,243;
    Iipi'ire'-rr,ur.tqrtar 19910. t5.l-l5li; I:nat 2000, 332:"-3:\3). in caclrul cultu:ni Vekerzug, grupului scitic
    drn'fl'ansrlvillria. necrt)pole i cle la Gogo$u $i a culturii scitlce tinrpurii din silvostepa din Dreapta 1..li-
    prului mai l'r'ecvernte sunt irrhunrdrilc, care constitue: 35-82Vo in Nold-Ilstul Llngariei (tr4epeu 1986,
    l-,tb);94lit, in'ft'ansil',,ania i'v'asiliev 1980,41); circa 66Voin necr:opc'la de la Gogoqu (Berciu. Comga
    l9-56. 1t-53) st'.7,tr97o 'in silvos epa din Dreapta Niprului (KonnaueriKo rr,4p. t999, 34).
    Sr:mnificrtiv e,ct€r, f'aptulcd llmb'ele rituri erau llracricate atltln ceLdrul aceleiaqi necropole, cit qi a
    Llllol cofllplexr: apitlt,e. in;ttna Nistrulr-ri de lrlgl<lc, in necropola de la Perebykovcy, civourile clin
    tumulr.rl rr'. .3 q;i nr. ji r:ontr I atel resturi cinerare,,:At $i oase ale unor inhumdri in pereche (f'emeie
    E;r
    copll) (C.rtuptic,nrl 1979,51.57). in necropola de la Sutnivcy, cavoul din tumulul nr. I continea oase
    calcintte;i pi.r-ti a unr:i inht rndri, iarin tumulurl nr I\/, sau depistlt trei mgrminte sincronice. cel cen-
    trlrl reprezinti" o tnhuntare 'r:l perreche, celelalte ctloui - incinerdri (fyqa-n, fyua,r, Merefi lgg8, j4-
    ?-5 ) Vlorrllntul 3i din ttecrcrpola de lrr Cliumbrud din 'fransilvania conr:inea scheletul unei femei adul-
    te 9i re:sttu'ile cinerat't,: ale r-nui r:opil depuse in urnd cu capac (Vasiliev 1980,56). Situatie similara
    esle atestilta gi 1'n necropola de la C'roshaza din Llngaria de Norcl-Est, undle in mormdntul 158 a fgst
    descopcritd o inhurnerre ins:tit6 de o incinerare iir urna (l,iepeu 19116, l'78, nota, 327). practlcareir
    arnt;elrlr ritr"rri in cadrr:l ace:lLriagi cotrplex funerar este inregtstratii gii'n zona de silvostepd drn Dreap-
    ta Niprr-rlui. irr tumulii nr. 1;r4;i nr. 177 din p:ruprrrl tumular din bazinul riiului Tenetinka, in acei;rgr
    groapd se qiisea scheletul uttut matu.r, intins p€) spilte cu craniul ot'ientat spre vest, aldturi de care era
    depusiL o incinera{ie t'll,rsrt rcxa;,r 197-5, 81, 8-';). i'n tumulul de la Perepjaticha au fost deprstate at0t
    inhumiiri, cZit rli incinr:t'ziri d:pus,s ?n vilse-ume, precum gi in gropi-ume sprecial sdpate in podeua ca-
    merii sepulcrale (KonnaHenj(o lr cp. 1989,34; tlropuii 1990, lZ-l:l).
    !1r/14;411.-r't1, l-

    crbicsrul ,cremii'i clefuncgilor in aiara locului


    inmormintirii, rcstu'ile cineratee f iind adr-rnate 9t
    de la
    practrcat de comunitstea'::are ir ldsat necropoia
    depuse cijrect pe sorur antic:, col mai l,recvent
    l.rinc,r. sru rlepuse ?n Lrme, iite stat int, ,'rn singul
    ctz,inpractrcile {'unera.re clin perioada hallstattiana
    efec-
    trir.zre-sciticiittnrpu.ie a avut o lmaleraspinclire.
    in aria grupului poclolian derre.st' inctnerarea se
    de la Pe-
    t,ra in crernal.oLrr s;pi:cial amenlLjate, de tipur
    cerui descorr.iit in iumulul nLr. 6 din necropola
    pe fundul
    aclunate, de regulit''erau clepuse direct
    rebvkovcl,(cur.rpr'ona 1979, tr0). Restu'ile cinerare
    (rar,rrJrrril0,r -- turn.lii nr.lz qi .1 de la Perebvkovc:l
    (Ibic':m' 45, 55); tumulii nt' 2-4 de la Dolinianl'
    (cvrr.rpuonr r lL)-17, 38); trr6nnri,cofi pe funclul
    gropii - tumului nr" 3 cle la sutni'r:y (fyua''r' fyqal'
    ur-
    Coquunr.-Coclru (Ignat 20C)0' 3331' {ard utilizareit
    iv4er.cii l,l9,il, ?:i):; s;,ttt direct pe sol - n"'"opol;
    Joar sporarlic - iltr-.un tumul de la Kadanov-
    DeltuneTga o,selor calc:rnate in ur.e est" atestiatii
    'elor.
    l<a (Sulinlrrski 1t)36' El4; I\rle:rKrxoea 1958'
    41) qr in tumulul nr' [ 'dr:tedorat' de la Loevcy
    cremarea * fost efectuatir in incintii unui'ing
    de pratra'
    rKFr'rrerr,u!rlr*:a,, 1990, 14.0). in pr-rnrLrl caz piatt'6'
    r.rncle a gi l'ost rl,3pl]s5 urna, ia l'iinclul
    sru protejiiti gi aco'lelitd cu lespezi <le
    }ncinerareir?nitf'ariLlcrr:l]Lli..n.le,a"..aloclnrrrorntAntareapreclominiilnpracticilefunerareale (159 de m.t'minte in
    clnerare fi.ncl apoi clepuse i'n urne
    :orn*'itiitiror,rLlrt,.uril Kusta'.vice, restr-rrire antic (flo'oeHq 1990'
    grdrnajoare, drrect pe suprafatiiorizon't,lur
    6-l clc turnuli),:in 1;r'opi rnici . sau in
    159: 199.1 265;Cltrnpnona 19'79a' 5l)' .nera{iile atestare in cachr.rl culturii Veker-
    efe':tuatej ncl:
    De roqulii. c<lnftlrm a(lestui obicer elatt
    zug,reslulilc,caLot'rtsedep'uri';ituinutrtesituperfunclutgropii(I7{epe-nl9r8(i'176;Me:]}oxoea[989' restu-
    90), pret.:urn. ;;i c,:1,: ,1ror.ili,, atestate
    in practici{e fune:are ile grupului scitic di'T'ransilvantit
    de notd-uest a gropii (vj:ll*'1 ]l]1]:
    56-(r0)'
    rik: ctepuniindu-sc in griimiijOtre in patlea era prlLcticat de cdtre comunlta-
    in e ;iclusr'it.l,:.trl obiceiul c;r'em6rii i, afara locului inmormantarii
    resturile cinera-
    .'racicc,j,r, z,:,nu -a,pa1itc,, meridiolraii qi rie curbutd' in necropoia cle Ialrerigi|:'
    lili: cu lirepc'nclerenld pe solul antic' in u'r-ne'
    sallin ume neacope-
    re, impr,3urrir cu inrentilr;ul ef,xu depuse A-Vulpe (vulpe
    i' clrr:'' unghiular,: - tipuLile cle morminte Ia' Ib qi III' dupii
    rit,: ampl.rsirte llropi
    |9(17.2"].-):3)Srl.rl.rtiisimilirti:aufot;ter,iclenllategiinnecropoleleTlg.''e'ni...Babre,'(Vulpe,Popescu
    "r,i:troasa" (popesi:u, \/ulpe 1982, Ll0)' cepart
    rglz. itiirl: popescu, V,urper 19g2, 32),'figveni 'felegti-Drdgoe:;ti (calato-
    .,'opli1rr.,(t.ri.ern. 102), lifer;rr (Ibicl,:r','i t ti rtri,t.eri (Vulpe 1961 ,2!'7',t,
    obrcer erau depuse
    \,la'noiu iq8'1, llS). in ntt''opot'' Ot tu []2rseqtr' r'est,rile c;irerare de
    iu, \tocri.j, (Morintz 1959' 3551
    antic qi num*t in unele c;lzuri irt ume
    ?n rnici gt'irmitloare pe ni"'cl'l solu.lui
    i9r59a,:131t961.2t)3)'ltnuineraliile<lepistaieinne'cropoladelaGop;oqu'flraexceplre'suntmor-
    410 5i urmt'
    nrinte in urne (Berciu, Corn$:l 1956' qiin complexele fune-
    locr-rlui irirnorminti'ii este *tr:sl'atd
    Spr:rac,c, cromaLea defunctilorin afara Ositn'jazka' unde
    din zontL cie sitl'oste,fu,lin D'ttopta Niprului: tumltlul 'r' VI de la
    rare scitic,o arlnair:c
    arta parte; tumuiur rrr. 174 clin bazirr.r
    tiurui 'renetinka, in groapa
    oasele .,arclnate ar.r fost achr:,,: din altuia (l'1:rsllucxas 1915'
    riinrj cu scheretur rrnLri marur au fos,t depuse vesti-eiile cinerare ale
    ciiruia qi
    Je gasea o grdr,tSoarl de restut'i cinerare
    r:Je
    Berei;tnjagi, u.'Jt pt fundul grrpii
    85); tunrulul nr. cle la
    r5

    inventirl iird ttrrne c1e arderre (Konnaue'uxo


    l98l' 70)'
    otlicr:iLr]inLr:;inerdt.iinerrijloclt.peloculllrrdeull.ertorseamenajarnanl.auadinpietregipamdnta suprafafd atestat in tu-
    crlrer:1 s*pra.fr;a orizonturui antrc, sau ir. constructil seplcri-rrer cre
    turnulu.rui,
    in pericada hallstattiand tiirz,ie-scrticd timpurie'
    1le dease-
    mrLlii n.r. I qi tIIb clin necr<>1:,ola de la Trinca,

    ''"8;liJTlT,]iJli1il:[l''ry:?:;rL,a rnarea majoritrte a incinerf,ritc,r in cadrul grupulut poclolian cle


    mai multe
    ves,r. al:li i' z:orr,r Nistrului <le Mijloc;r;;;t
    r subcarprlilor Moldovei' lDupi ardr:re' in cele
    intr-o g'iim6joarl (Menoxoaa
    rr-rgului funeLar,^mai rar, zrrJunatc
    c.;uuri,, c,irsere e:rau rirsate pe suprafala cel mai autentic
    1gg0, |52.153). Arnbeie variante
    1958, I|tr; C-ttltlliiona 19!30, 236; Kpyrrr.-,0n"0.n*" au fost
    in necrop,rlla de la Perebykovcy: ir'-cavoul tumulului nr' 6 Oasele calcinate
    a,u fost crlltstatate
    ldsateJresuprala|aruguluil'unerar;?nceleclintumul''lnr'lqinr'3'separatederesturileruguluigtsel6sa oasile umane calcina-
    inrprdqfrau p;1'r-tnclul ,]av,r,:tui
    (Curtpuona 1979, 58' 'll' 52)"Obiceiul ii: a
    (Ma-rleen 1991' 125) 5i
    te pe locul arde:rii, dease)*r(,rneu ^
    f.si atestat i:n tumulul nr' I de la My.*ovcy tumulul nr' 7
    nr. laIvan.v,:}', (Il{1'x:nrt 1989, 107)' iarde a le adunaini'r-o grdmirj<lardin
    tumnlrLl 3i c{er

    din necropola cle la Volovi: (Ignat 1978'


    l2l)'
    t! Rer-,isla,4rheol osic ti Ser:e rrorrri

    Ivlult rrili I'ar, obic,3it I crerrndrii pe locul unde ulterior se ridica turnulul este atestat in ca6rul
    cultLu'ii I(uir.irnovit:r)-- 1l din 9-5 Ce nrormtnte investigate (Ilonotru.r 1990, 158-159; Ictem 1993.
    ii(r4). descol)erite rlLllrai ir d,rua neclopole: Koloclnoe Ii, in care cgnfbrm acestui obicei au fost e-
    fei:tuate o tr,:rime din 2l rtorntintr: cercetate (CuHpHona, EepHtron;H.r li965,9l) gi Cernyj potok
    4 ilin i3 (rllrtrrpuoir,t lc)J(.a,5rL). in tumulul nr. IV de la Ceiny; Potol<, cremdrile succesit,e au fost
    -
    eft--':tulttt: pe o plat{'trnnd t[: lul ars de formd circulrard (2,L x2,2 nt) s]lecial amenajata la suprafala
    c'rizontulLli antic (Cl:wlrpH(Ila 1919u,44). De regluld, oasele calcinate se lisau pe loc doar o cantt-
    Ai
    trlle ncittrsemnrltI se: clcputcr ilt utne, gropi de climensiuni micl sApilte in suprafafa rugului funerar.
    sar.r s,3 adurrau ?n grdLmd.lol le.
    Siporarjrc. crefilirea [,e locul inmormAntdrii e,ra practicata qi cle catre comunitdlile culturir
    \/t,:lierzug din Norct-E,stul tJngiu'iei. in aceastA categofie cle nrorminte A.I. Meliukova include c.m-
    ple xrrl fttnet'iLt de ll ,!lonlq. uncle intr-o groapd cr,r adiincimea de 1,7 rn, sub un strrrt de bdme de lemn
    putt'eziter. ervcntltal, Pl'o\/er-rte de la acoperi$ul grrrpii, au fost giisite oase Llmane calcinate, cenuqii qi
    citrbLrni. Ptintr,: resl.tttile cinerat'e, se aflau 20 de vdrl'uri de sdgeati cle bronz, arse intens gi lragmente
    dinlr-r-in \/as ('N{€:nrcr}lc}Ba [ )89. 90).
    intr-un sin-qur ci12: pri.t( ttcitrea lcestui obir:ei este atestata ;i 1n zorna Carpafilor mericlionali. la Fe-
    rlg,rle, in t:unrulul nr 150, srluat in prelgma ne,ll'olpole,i plane din partea de nord a satului (Vulpe 1967,
    15,7i3). M,lrr:nlntul r:ste re prezcntat de un rug de lormd ovald (.2,2 x 1,16 m), suprafata ciruia a f'ost
    i,lrnplet cul'Atitta, riirnan0nl doar r'utra de pd.mlnt ars. Oasele calcinate au fost depuse in doua vase
    irnrpla:;ate lt rrrargint,:a de rrorcl a rtr,qului, alaturi de r:are se mai gdseau fl-agmente cle vase arse, oase
    ,:rlcintLte. ciirtruni. plecutr pr cloui buca[r informe de f ier (Vulpe I96i', 190). Aici insistam sd men]io-
    nrirn cti conforn-i plarrului t;mulului nr, 1,50 (Ibiderri, fig.26), trei vas;e er,au amplasate la peril'erra de
    rsurl-r'est a rugului firnerar';i doerr ulul (nr.3) l;pre nord-vest.
    In zona de s;ilvosler;rii .1in Dreapta Niprului arde:rea defunctilor de obicei se efectua pe loc, im-
    llreuni cLt corLs,trLlc:tnrr l'unc'1r5" amenaiat6 atat pe suprafa{a solului antic, cAt gi in gropi (V:nuucrcax
    l!17"5, 84-85; [<.oenaLuenxo t98.1, 7t]). in tumuluI nr,419 de la LazuLrcy, oasele umane calcinate au
    l'ost liLs'ate:pe suprafata rusirlui f une:r'ar (KonnaLHeuxo 1981,70; KoenaHeHtKo tr np. 1989,34),
    In,:ittetdrilr: inc,omplett: de tipul celei descoperite in tumulul nr. I din necropola de la Trinca, ne
    sllflt cun()scute nulhsLi in c:0rntpl)xele funerare ale unit6lilor culturale cdrc,ra le este caracteristic bin_
    tualismul. in t:lrdrul glrupulrti porlolran cle vest din' zona Nistrului de lv{ijloc, ele sunt atestate in tumu-
    lul de [a (],:lrt:,clntca, turrruirl nr' I de la Bilder Zolotoe gi tumr,rlut nr. iV de la Braty5ev (Me"lroxona
    It)513,4l). lncineratiilc irtc,rmpl:te au fost evidenLl.iatr: gi in necropolil culturir Vekerzug de la Csany-
    telek rJin norcl-r:stul Ilngari:i (lvle.nn:xona 1989, 139). Relativ mai frec,venl rrtualul arderii rncomplete
    a defuLnctilor;;i a construct ilor de iemn este atestat i'n cadrul monurnentelor funerare scitice arhalce
    clin zotta,Je -silvostepii din Drerrpta Niprului: turn.ulii nr.3-5 qi nr. 86 (mormintul 2) de la Bobrica;
    tutttltlul nr-. .lti2 cle la Ilerkr,rovl..a; tumulul nr. I de la Gamarnja (KonnaneHxo 1981, 70.); tumulul nr.
    l:i cle Irr Stetrlev; turnLrlii de la l\4[alajl Ofirna, ]t{ovaja Kotel'nja, (ilevacha, Lazurcy g.a. (KonnaHeHKo
    rl ,rp. 1989. -]4). in lumul,r ne<:ropoler de la Mr:dvin, partial arse srau doar constructiile de lernn
    (F.onnaucurro 19,3 l, ;'Cl).
    Caracteristicrle ritualul:i funerar practicat in cadrul ritului inhLrnr[rii, dat flind starea insufucien-
    tii cle conset'\/lir3 o molrnirrt:,lor din necropola de la f'rinca, pot fi doar reconstitLrite. Defunc{ii se cle-
    pllneaLl direct pre suprlfaltL orizrlntrrllui antic, sub rnarntaua tumulului firE. amenajarea construc$iilor
    sepLrlcrale, in p,czligic chircirii pe o Frarte cu capul orientat in dilectia r:sticd sau nord-vestic5. Se priLc-
    ticrlttl ittntoturirntlrile s;rngultre, in perec:he sau suc,ces,ive gi probabil rr:inhumdrile.
    Palarnetdi constatali pentru mormintele de inhumalie de la Trinca au ce:le mai apropiate paralele in
    prlcticile fitnerare, ale cclnturtitdtilor l3rupului pcdolian de vest din zona. Nistrr-rlui de Mijloc (l\4enrcxoea
    1958,40: Cl"vnpnona. 1980,236: Kpyuenruurtxzur 19190, 152-1511). Depunerea defunclilor direcr sub
    nlanlaua tuntulului fiitd corrstruct i frmerare este atestatd in turnulul nr. (i de la Ivanovcy (.ll{yxuu 1989,
    107) in tumulul nr. I rde la Lano'vka, defunctul in prozilie intinsa era depus pr: o platfbrmd de pietre plate
    antenajute la Lrii:za tuniululLri (Sulimirski 1936,88; Me:,rrcKoea l9lj8,4tll Kpyue;rtuzUKarr 1990, 152).
    N4rclul predominant rl,e depurrere a defuncfilor r:ste poz)lia chircitd, de rind cu care, intrun numdr rrrai
    nlrc, srr intrilne sc qi nrcrrntinl,r cir sche lr:tele in pozilie in;tinsd (Me,rrcu<ona 1958, 40). Depunerca scheletu-
    59
    I ol u,1, Ll,1 . !\:-'-l--.----. --
    nr' 2
    lui i'n pozifie chlfcll,r. fic;iinclatrlstractie cle
    tipul c:onstrucl;iilorfunerare' este cunoscutd?'complexul
    puc'
    g0. tig'lg; \,{sffoKrlB& 1958,40; Kpyure.nlulrunar 1990' 153'
    rle la Ralr:,cv lKurrt rlljr"rlimirski 1136,
    L a. t,, Kni;llik (cvupiroea 1968, 14,
    pzc. 1), tumulul n1. f' de la Ivanovcy (llJynliH
    :j6,.1). turn*lul
    'r. (f1'ual, I'yqa:r, lvlerefi 1998, 75)' C)rir3ntarea inhumaiilor in ca-
    lg';g, l0?), tunriuh.rl nr. 4 de lr Sutnivcy
    mdsurd preclominri rJi|eclia nord 9i nord-vest
    Jrul tces;tui grup r:s;te instabilr1, totodrta, intr-o c'arecare
    I'iind atcstat[?n cornplexu nr.2 deiaRakclv
    Kut (]vlelronona 1958' 40;'
    (lr4e-*oicrx' 1gr58,4.0),
    'ltinia Merefi 1998 75)' posibil mormlntul se-
    mon'iintirl I din l.urnglul nr. l.de la Sr-rtnivcy (fyriaa, I-yua,l,
    1968, 146, pnc' i) 9i tumulul nr' I de la Dolin'1any
    cunc,ar din turrrulul nr. I de Ir Kruglik lcltnprioi,a qi
    (Cr,iltJriloaa 1968, 23). Dre riintl cu inhumaliile sinl3ulare'
    lare.predominA' erau practicate' deasemenea'
    ofientate di-
    Sei-.ratin,:1" scheletele in pozitie chircitii erau
    inrnormiinriiirile in pereche: tu.rnulul nr I de la
    (MejlroKoera 1958' 40)' morrniintul I din lr-rmulul
    nr' 4 de la
    amet.ral. unul spre sucl-est, alttrl - norcl-ve'st pe pafiea dreaptd cu
    fe:mei enru depuse in pozitie chircitd
    Sutni'c),, jn ,:iir.e .,^heletele r,ur-ri bf,rbat gi a unei o-:::.1'
    1998, 75), eventual tumulr-rl nr' 3 9i nr' 5 de'1
    crl.niiie spre norcl-lest (fyqa;r, I-yua,r, lvler-eri antenol
    asociate molmlnte rJe ilrcinera{ie depuse
    kovcy, uncle cacli:-r.vreklr dr: l,:mei Si cclpii au t'cst
    (CvtirpHr:net lt)'79, 52.57 ).
    prin morminte cu schelete-
    Inhurrrafit]le s;uccesrve in aceiaqi constructieii funeritrd, sunt ilustfate 9i pozi-
    le intinse,,inmor.nrlrnt'r.ea dir cista nr.. 2 cre
    raRakov Kut, in care scheictr-rl unur a. fost a$ezatin
    clasele a[tc,r dou[ morminte, clepuse
    dreaptd cu craniul orrentat spre ttoi.cl-vest,
    !re chrrc.tZi' pe pai.tea 1936' 80' fig' l9;
    adunat,: la picioarele ultimulut (liulimirski
    ante,rio.. lrir.ir correr.iune allatrmicd, s,u1t
    Me-rK-rx,.nrt l95ti. 40; f-pvule :rrut{lrKat
    1990' l5i3' puc 53'Z)'
    de la'frinca qi ce')e cafacteflstlce grll-
    VIr.rLIt mai siniitirtLctini se oLrser'd intre rnhtrmaliile
    clrn Vr:st. cire pfactlcittt btritu;rlismtrl
    in necropolele pliane' in cadrul culturir Veker-
    'utine
    35 Si 82Vo, cle oticei ereLu depuse i' gropi'
    pr-r.lor.,:ultr.u.[rle adiinctmea
    zurg. inlrurnir{iilc, poncl,J'ea:;Lrora vartztzdintr-e mai rar pe stinga' de rAnd
    CdLrol-Lr rru ciep'igr:r5te I nl,
    p,rlponderent in pozilie chirclta pe partea drea''pti'
    ,int.alnesc qr ntc,rrrninte cr.r scheletele intinsc ,a ,poi". orienta'lrea rscheletelor nu este stabila'
    cu (1ill.e se
    spre nord satt sru<l (ileperu 1986' 116-178
    totociati:i. preclornr'ind. dtLrcr:fiile vest 9i est cu,Jevieri
    Vle.noli,rea I 989, 89)' in poztlte
    este ctepunerea rJlefunc{ilor in gropi '
    Penrru grupul rsciric din'rransilvania cafacteristic se aflau in po-
    ca'e cuptin:le marealnaj.riiato a motminlelor' Cele in cal': sche'letele
    irrtinszi l)c spa.ie, clireclia
    zitre chrircirti r.edrrr,:iindu-sc t,r numai .at*r,o
    caz*ri iz.lrrte. in orie'tarea schr:letelorpredomina
    cu altd orientare (Va-
    nor.cl-r,,r;:st - 50'1i,, vsst - 2:i.l,,esl-
    L2'Va,restul de l-l!/c constitt-tind m.rrnintele
    silrev I980, 42--49)'
    clepugi in pc'zilie intinsa pe spate' in
    gro-
    in tuntular.i cl,s 1a Baltl vercle, clel'unc! i erau sol acoperite
    'eci..pola pat strtrlire de pietr:e de riiu fie clirr::ct pe
    pi simpl:, l:r su,X''af'a1rL ot''zcrntului antic pe un este foarte variatd' atlt
    r,n-,1irur. cu pierro. orieniarea schrr:letelor
    de o pr'tf .r.rrr' d.e piatr[ sau in glopi.
    ciit gi in crirei;1ii intermeclia'e (JEle'ciu, c.m$a
    1956,31)0-392)'
    cdrr.e rr:rate cere parru r)un,c1€, cardinrle, adancite cu 0'03' 0'3
    L,a (io1i.ol)iL. defunclii erau clepugi irl
    pozi{ie intinsd llo spate' de reg^ulil' 1.n qrWi
    p(3ste care se'riclrcii nlovila' in orientarea
    scheletelorpredoml-
    nr in s,llLll Vechr lli n.,,ti Lrairlri solul viil in tumulul nr' XXX'
    mai ]:ar splo.nord (lbictem
    rrir clireciia estlca, cu de','ir:'i spt'e sucl Ei "l'09-452)'
    deasupla cdrr"rta sa ridicat
    depus direr:t pe sclLul ve'chi cu clanitrl spre
    est'- nor<j-€:st'
    clefunc,r:ul l tos;t
    rnovili.t (1bi<l:m.'129). . ,:-_ -^-.. r^.ir.,r,oron:j rlirr Dreapta s-r'-
    Ninrului este svu-
    T)rernta Niprului
    p*:ntru c'rnplexele flnr:rare scitrce tirnpurii din zona de silvostepr:Lclirr
    cu craniul spre
    orientate' r:u preciidere'
    cilic inhuma]rrlor in pozr{ie'nlrnsd po spate'
    pre,c01.f,,1rLlr1'cl vest 9i mai
    ,,,e st. de rincl cu 0are se intirlnesc 9i inhr.rmalii
    irr pcizilie chircitir orientate cu craniul spre
    sepulcrale de tipuri diverse' in cazuri sporadice
    pi[in, rsp,r.e esit. predorninii <jepunere,a lorin construc[ii
    Inantaua tumuluiu' (LI-rrwrHcras' 1975' 79-88;
    :;unt irtesl,r,e i;l rnhumar.iile depuse rlirect sub itr tumr-rli
    u 1989, 34-35). Inhuma{iiL: in pozi(re chircita'
    .KosnaseHro l!)[j[, 6g-?r], I{oenaHeHKo Ap. nr'2,'7'41lde laositnjazka'
    irLrntn:Lor'lrntepr.incipa*:-tumulul nr. ll30ielaGugajGoro<l'tumulii t la Gamarnja' tumurr-rl nr' 7 de
    rg75, gig), t'mulur nr, ae
    tumulur nr. ri dr: rn RyZirn,rvka (r,r''rHscxaq
    qi s,:r'unclire - tumulul nr.2 r.e' la Konstantinovka
    la Bereri;tnlagr (Konnarreurc. lggt,;;t, cat apar-
    2 r;au 3 defuncfi, schelerrele in pozi!ie chircitd
    ([,I:*rurcx.ar' 197;, ;;;-in ,norn.inr.t...r..oniin
    tjnde,l'uurc:tilor:areinso{elumol'mantulprincipal,fl6:pusinpozitieintinszr-turnululnr'40delaGul-
    60 _* Lra;|s,Afijebcg!. $ltia naud

    jai Gorod, tumulul nr'.4[,l c]e Ia Zurovka, tumulul nr.211 din bazinul iriului Tenetinka (l4.ltrlucrax
    It)75,88) gi rnormiiritul rr'. I l;i 2 din RepjahovatajaMogila (KonnaueHr(o H Ap. 1989,35). In perioa-
    dil scitici nrillocie, lr dclua jurn[tale a secolului VI-V i.e.n., depunerea defunctilor?n pozilie chircita
    nu s,e mai praclica ilbidcrrr. 39r).
    r]biceii.rl amr:ni,r-idrii rrr<lrrnintelor-cenotaf (nrorrninte simbolice'in me,moria unet persoane decedate
    in alta parte ), aterslat in ne cropola c1e la Trinca, in pi:rioada hallstattian[ tiirzielscitic[ timpurie era prac-
    tic;at de cdtre cornuLrritir!il: mai multor grupun culturale. In cadrul necropolelor grupului podolian de
    rest din zona Nistlulur d: Nlijloc:, tumulii cenortaf contineau construclii lunerate, resturi de rugr"ui gr
    inventetr sinrilar turnulil.:rr in c,rre erau efectuLate inmormAntdri, hpsind,complet resturile umane incine-
    rirte liau inhLrrnate rilVlelrr:r"'oea l9ii8,4l; Kp1'lreJrbHHIIKa.s 1990, 15:t). In aceastd categorie se ?ncadrea-
    za tumLrlul nr'. [I c]le la Beremjrlny rlSulimirski 1!)36, 63), tumulul nr. lI de la Ladydin (Ibidem. 84), tr-r-
    mulul nr. I{ cle la. Servatirrcy (tbidem,95), turnulul nr. I de la Kupin (Ibidem.99), turnuh-rl nr. II de la
    Zavadincy tlbidem, 99), tumu)ul de ia Lenkovc,y (lV{e.rtoxona l')53, 60), tumulul nr. IV de la Ivanovcy
    ([tr]'','o"n 198!), 107). 'Iurrruli -.cenotaf sunt alestali qi in cadr"ul necropolei de la Caqvana-Codru, atri-
    lruitd ace]uLra;;i grupr r:ultu tl <In depresiuneaRdc[iu1i (Ignat 2000,3.-?;2). In tumulul nr.6, care con{inea
    inventar c:u'a,cteristic: gi 1-''e:ntluL alli tumuli, r:sturi osteologice ltLl au. fost atestate. Tumulul nr. 5. ntai
    rnult ca atril nu con{inea rrici inventar funerrn gi nici material (lsteologic. AutorLrl sdpdturilor, reegind
    din faptul cii situal.ii sirni are celei din tumulul nr. ii au fost identific:ate in 40Vo dil numdrul tumulrlor
    inves,ttgali ,ronsiderd cir lr rsa vestigiilor ?n aceqti turnuli este cauzatd" de palticulantafile solului si strltc-
    l.ura rnantulcLtr ctrc: rtu lr- asigurl! Conservarea materialului osteologic.
    .\menlr.laLri:a tu.nrutrrjr,r'- c:enotaf reprezinta o tfAsAturA frecventld qr in cadrul ritualului funerar a
    cLrlturii Krrrltlrnoviic'e, din legiunea Transcaqraticd a Ucratnei (l(pyruerir,nllubKa 1974. 266). Tumuli,
    sLrb rnantalrll,o cirrlrl iLu lost depistate ruguri, resturi de la ospr[lul funet'ar gi piese de inventar', dar
    care nLl confin restun cle rtase urT)ane inctnerate au fost descoJreri!i in necropolele de la KuStanovice
    (trrnrulul nr'. IV'), Dunkovice (tumulul nr. I), Kolodnoe (tumulii nr. \/, XIII), Bill<e (tumulii nr. 1.2,1)
    (Cuupnoira, l5epu:rrcoen,t It)(i:5,91) gi posib:Ll. Cernyj Potok (Cnrupnona 1979a,51).
    .inmornrintarilr: simb,t iice, calr3 ccrnltneau nurnai inventar, de obicei, vase, erau practicatee qi de catre
    comunitdlitrr:: culturii \*/ekcr z:ug cfin norcl-estul tlngarier - necropola Szentes-\v'ekerzug (l'lepeu 1986, 171).
    -\4onunre:nteler funetlle cu caracter de cr:notal', fdrd nicr un inventar, f?ri oase sau cArbuni, in ne-
    cfopefl de la Ferigile din regiunea Subcarpalilor meridionali sunt r3P1'elzentate atat de tumuli (nt.22,
    li.2-5, I ll, .144a, l,I4b, 146,14?'), precum si de mormrnte secundare constituite din mici gram[.joare
    cle bglgvanj cu diametrul rje c;rca I rn, depuse pe solLrl antic llnga manlaua morm0ntului principal ?n
    partea cle vr,:s;t (monr0nt rl V din turnulul nr.2: mormAntul VI din tumr"ilul nr.26; mormlntul II din
    tLrntuLlul nr 67), in parteiL rJe sud-'vest, vest (m,c,rmAntul II din tumulul nr.64), de est (mormlntul II
    clin tunrutLrl nr. ll6,), sau norcl-est (mormlntul ll. din tumulul nr.2i''.1(Vulpe 1967,23,35-36, vez)ca-
    talogul gi prlanuiler tumul ior). M<lvile fdra urme arheologice, r'idicate in cinstea unor luptitori c[zu]i
    cleparte sr: 'intdlnesr.: qi 'in recropolole hallstattiene tiilzii de la Balta'y'erde ;i de la Gogoqu din Cdmpia
    Durriirii ([]crr:iu, C,:n1to 956. 408, 445).
    'fumult care nu con!ln ntorminte sunt cunoscul;i $i in cadrul culturii scrtice arhaice - secolele VI-
    I, \,II-\'I i.e.n. di1 zona (e silvostepa din Dleapta l,{iprului.In mantaua tumulului nr.334 de la Guljal
    Gorgcl au frrst de,scoperit: nurn:ri r-loud cupe onnarnentate cu motive geclmetrice incizate (l'l:rluucxas
    197,5, 18.'la(51. I-ll/18.-l!); sr-rbmitntauaturnulr:h-u nr.343 delaKovalilha(Ta5lyk)-cincigropi (tt-
    na rcltunde, diametrlu[ 2,2:i nr, adrincimea de: 0,t5 m. gi patru ovale,:u lungimea de l-2 m)' umplutura
    cd.rola consta clin r:rirbuni, cenuqd, bucali de parndnt ars, ft'agmente r1e vilse, oase de animale, pietre' o
    piesrir cle sile;r. pat,r'uL fusirolo, cinr:i strdpungatr:are, de os qi o cupd. neagrd lustruitd' ornamentatd cu
    inotive gegmetrice inciza.te (Ibir1em, 40, l a6n. XXIV/4-10); sub mantaua tumululut nr. 2 de la
    Z-,rutn.u.. o strachlnd cLl gura in 1os gr o piesiicle fier (KonnaueuKo Ii 4p.1989, 140). Aceqti tumuli in
    6pinia unor c)erceti1tcri u,;rain,eni. nu sunt rnonumente funerare. ci t'epre,zintd locuil de cult, varietSli
    cle iLltare (IbirJem, 1:i(i).
    Arlplasarea tumulilor cercerlali in necropola Trinca "Drumul Feteqtilor" in funclie de partt-
    c Lrlarit[1ile cons;tructirle a nlan].alelor; anrenaLjarea construcf iil,rr sepuicrale; practicarea biritu-
    alisnrului; tipurilor cle nLorntinte evidenliate, atestd prezenla ?n r:adru.1 ei a doud grupari separate,
    61
    I"olr,rrrrrl /. .\r. ,l

    ()Lr LrnLlmite tr-iis6tr:ri Specil'i,r:r Petru pl'irna este caractel'istic lmena-


    - de norcl-vest $i cle suJ-est. adarrcite, placttcarea
    .rcLr co'str'c!iilor.sepLrlc,rale de suprafalii, ulterior rrse $i a construc!iilor
    incornplete la supfafala
    ri..tualir,;ntulg, divcrsiiatea t pulilor cler morntinte - irhumalri, incineralii
    lelnn, mormrntele-
    rri.zontului afl1.1c., tncineraLfii tomple,te in consl.ructi:r 1e suprafaia de piatrir 9i
    qi a inventarnlui se
    ;eno,taf. p,errtru a,:lolr.t - tu:nuli in care loc,u1 depurLerii resturilor c'inerare
    la rAndul sau
    ilcollerelr initiaLt c:r.r g movilitai de pamiLnt, suprlpusir <le un sttat de pir:tre. acoperite
    in afara locului in-
    cLr Lllt alt strlf do piinriint 1,r'"r.n1, in exclusi,ritate a incinera{iilor
    e].ectuate
    amenajarea con-
    mcrmintdr"ii, r.es;turile ciner.lrre fiinct clepuse pe suprafaln olizontului antjc, fdra
    structiilr:r funerat'er ( fig.. 4).

    Eleuerure coMPL-EMENI'ARE DE RlruAL

    relerin[d la necroprc,lu tumularii Trinca "Drunrul Feteqtilor" itt ilceastd c;Ltegorle


    se rnclr"rd
    C.r-r
    pr-ac:trcilr: cle cull" cilre s,e indr:plineau pe parcrJl'sul cert:monlei
    funebre, prelum : depunerea in mor-
    de c;rr:tli; a olrandei de came, pe
    minte a gr.anulelsr cle minerrl de culoare roEie r1schisd (oclu) de
    gi
    ca1.e o constal.iim;rnn oasr:le de anirnale; rnodul de
    dtspunere a inventalului; depunerea ofrandelor
    ulter.ior i'nrnorrniLntirrir in a1'ara mantalei cie piat|ii
    (fig" 1,5).
    granulelor de c'cru a fost atestata
    Colr:rranti nlLttu|ali. in.ciclrul necropolei de la Tdnc:a depunerea
    6cupatc rje resturilie cinerare depuse
    nunrai irn trjmulLl.ll nr. VL ].n tunrulri nr. VI. VII, IX, sr-pt'afe]ele
    clit.ect pt] s;olul anl.ic el-all priglrnentate cu alb (piet.ricele llrse
    plnd la trans;fc'rmare in var), fapt ce evr3n-
    cu var sau cretd'
    tr-rll inclicii practir:,area obicei'Llui pres;irdrii locului inrn'rt-mdntdrir
    de Nor'c --bazinul Nrslru-
    in rirrrulLrl fur,erur a comunitifilor din zonele lirnitrol'e Platoului Moldol'ei
    zona Carpa{ilor merid,onal qi de curburd
    lLri de N,lijloc $r isLtperior. fej{tunea'ft'anscarpaticd a Ucl'ainei,
    Depunerea ritr-rald a coloran{ilor natul'ali
    din perir:rl,tla halllrstlttiana tiir;te acest obicel nu este cunoscut.
    perioada l-rallstattianii tirzie - motmintttl
    (o,:r*) e stc atslat,r s;poradic dc,al in unelc cornple:r.e trar:rce clin
    in care dr:: rlnd cu alte piese de podoaba
    nr. i cli' rlecroporn prlani de lrr Giurgii-rlegti c1e la lgurile F1'utului,
    se gdsear gi o lespede de gler;ie uqol. olb,iu,,d
    pe una din f.1., (Levi{ki, FIaher-r lt'99' 122-123)'
    in uce,lagr tirn,p. aLcest ol, 1cei era p''acticat pre larg de cdtre cornunitl1rler scitir:e timpurli din z'cna
    (l'l,rsr'rrtcxast 1915. 154-15ii; Kosnaseuro l98I' 12;
    cle, silv.srep-r ,crn bazinul l.,liprLrlui de MiJloc
    care practictru 9i lllesiira-
    Korrra'crxo 14 jrll, 19g9, ji6). comunitiilrle grupuiui :'crtic drn Transilvrlnia,
    1989' 87)' prercum ril a celui scitoid din
    rer ntorrrinte,lor cu cret[ (\,i:.slliev f 980' 8t-9']; Me'nloxona qi in tum,lul
    13!)). Deseorl, granulele de ocru' ca
    C;lmpilr 'Lisei (I,a'clucz: 1955. l3; N4elroroea 1989,
    rjt: gresie' sau cu ()lespede dreptunghlularl ugol'
    nr. \,1 de lu'frirLc;,r, Se gdi;e;lr ?n asoctet'e Cu o tava
    albjatd pe una din fele (fig. "5)'
    carne, att fost a1'esitate ?n loate categorlile de
    Ofr,rnda de,i;arner. Oa.llt:le de animal de la ofranda de
    de carne eltr clepusa intr-o strachina; de
    mofrninte: ie inr:iner^fie - tumulul nr. \/I, in care ofranda
    carne era clepusd cl:irect pe pi'imlnt; qi, morrnin-
    inhumii,li,: - 1.1.1111r-rlri u.. IIli ) nr. I\/, uncle ofranda de
    pe fgldul grclprLi' Determindrile paleozgologr-
    te-cenctal'-. trinr,JlLtl nr. I, <ll':rancla de carne gdsindu-st:
    tlin tumr-rlr-rl nr. III:iunt de ovicaprine; piciorul ctt
    cr: dem0nstr.errzirc:i rei;turile osteologice anirnaliere
    o palte din oasele de lrnimane din tunlulul nr' I\/
    tgt cu r.:,rpitd,clirr tumulul n; VI apal'tine unui rniel;
    de Coarne fiinil de ovtcaprine; cele din tumu-
    sgrit de: rniiglirr-r;; don'tersti,::, lltele, inclr-rsiv fragmentel:
    Iul nr. ll cle bovilte;;i oi'ic:'rp'tine'
    un obicei l:unerar larg practicitt in epoca
    Depuner.ea rtl:ranclei ,j., .r,*. in mormintr: reprezintd
    brcrnzulr-ri --fier.'lui tirnpr-rrir-r. inclusiv perioada
    halk;tattianirtirzie- srlitica trmprurie' in zona NIT:'-
    poclotian.de.vest (Me:rrcxoea 1958'
    lui de il/r1loc el e:ste ater;ttrt in mai tutt. necropolc a grupului
    Or,. g15e,*: cle *nrmale sut]. prezente in tumuluinr.
    II de ia t-aciyein ('sulirnirs]li 1936' 88)' turrrulul
    la Bratysev (lbicler:n, 59)' turnulul nr' 2 cle la Do-
    nr. I d.:1a Duptisk (Ibide:n1,70), turnr-:lul nr. I\y' de nr' I
    la F'erebykovcy (Crnuapnona l9l9' 44)' tumulul
    linjany, ((-'r,plprrontr 1911,.33), tumulul nr' 2 de indicd r:a la
    c,r1.; Idr:rn 1990, 140)' Resturile osteologice
    cle la l,cevcy (Jr.pymenbr{HL.bKa 1985,l22u
    ovicaprine rli de iepure' impreunS cu un
    Dolinjrr,y a forsl- depusd r:ar-ne cle cal, la Perebykovc/ - de
    cu;ita! Ce tie,r, ,pre funclul uttr-Li vas spart, la Lrrcvcy - de porc'
    (tZ Reuisto Arheolosicci. Sene norra

    ' r/-''
    / "1

    i' \r) ( )
    ?-,-.--,
    -v" j-l',/'
    I (J
    I
    \\ {( )
    ,l
    \ /-^t )
    ) \T L.

    Fig. S. prlralele pentrr,r eleffentele complemetorii ale ritului funerar atestate lra Trinr:a in necropolele grupurilor culturale
    sincron{?. Sermne corven1ionale: a c,rloranti naturali; b - depunerea inventarului sub mantaua de
    - piatr6: c depunerea -
    inventaruiui in afara rnaniale cle piatrir; d - ofrandii de r:arne; -
    e rug pe mantaua de piatrd, depuneri de ofrandd ulterior
    innr,rrmintArii.

    in grrupul scitrc clin llransilrania, ofranda de carne a fost atestirtdinT3o/r, ditt numdrul de mormin-
    te cunoscute. Dese ori e ra cle pus;rl ?n strdchini (mormintele nr. l,.l din necropola de ta Blaj;nr' 3,
    11,

    17, cle lr L-iumbru(l, n1...t, 8, ll. de la Ozdl nr. 2 cle la Simeria; m. 1l[)69 qi l/1970 de la Teiuq). Mar
    il-ecvenr. ofrandii se <lerlruneiL ciirect pe parniint, liLngd vase. in mormintele nr. 6, 8, ll, 14 de
    la Ozd,
    nr, l, 2l'1969 gi LiJg7ti) cle lii Teiug, nr. 5, 9 cle, la Tirgul MuIe;; ofranda de came era insolita cle cate

    un cufitag cur-b ctrr,: fierr F{esturile osteologice clepistate in molmirtte atest[ ci cel mat frecvent se de-
    pu'ea carn.: ,Je ,ovin?i - in nrroririntele de ferrrei gi, de bovicleu -- in cele de bdrbati. Oase de la alte
    ipecii cle, animalc: -- ci.l . pot'c, :iine (lup ?), iepure, pasdre sunl: semnalate intr-un numdr redus de
    mr)rminte ('Vasil ir::',' 19E0, -5Cf-53 ).
    din
    Oa:iele cle animalc upar. de asemenea qi ?n complexele f uner"are a cultLrrii Szentes-Vekerzug
    *ir, cle Nolcl-Fist (i;cperu 19t36, 180).
    Linsaria
    ,reer.opc,lclc dc ,rcinerat,c a grupr-lui Ferigile - Birseqti drn zona Carpa{ilor meridionali
    gi

    de, cur-bulri gr;,r{ie anirlizei oaselor calcinate. rJeasemenea rl fost posibil sesizarea
    practicdili obl-
    ceiLrlui clepr-rirerir cfr.ardei cle carne. La Irerigile, din num[rul <]e 70 de morminte analizate. in 10
    iru, fost i6entificatrl oas3 de pasiire (mormintele nr. 1, tumulul rtr. l9; 1,
    tumulul nt.26'. 1' tumulul
    nt.42; l, tumulul nr.il\',2, tumulul nr.'77; l, tumulul 79; l, turmulul nr. 106; l, tumulul nr' 120),
    'in,Joud rlintre crirre se rnai ;{dseau oase de oruicllprin" qi de anirnal de talie mai mare (mornlintele
    12 gi .3 . r:umulul nr. 2(rt (Nlcolaescu-Plopqor,
    \ilolski 1915,31-43',t' Fragmente de oase de la o-
    fr;,rnda anirnalierii au first alestate gi in morrn.dntul nr. ll clin necropola
    plana din partea de nord a
    ?n 9 din cele 21 de
    s. l:erigi r-, (lbident.43). Resturile osteologice d.e la ofranga de carne depistate
    ni.rminl.e rlnali;zate <Jir ne,:ropola Tigveni "Babe", deasemenea indicd o mai mare preferinfi a
    (l(-)ln*nitiiti16r,Jrn aceastir zona pentru cirrne;I de pasdre (mormintele 4 9i 12, tumulul nr.3), care
    (n-rormintul 6, tumulul bouideu (mormlntul
    Lulecrl'l iipilrs in asociefe cru cea de ovicaprine lt ]!
    nr' 3)' in doLrd ntorminte au 1'ost ates-
    I tr-rmulull nr. 3.t Ei caprior cl€r Inunte (mo'mintuli 9, tuntulul nr'. 10), iar tttmulul nr' l5 - de cal (Nico-
    ti.te n*rniri .trse cle: tr.vi'e (1. rtLrmulul nr. 5; I, tumulul
    liLesr-.Lr-plOp,i;or. $/olski t975.,1,1-48t Popescu,
    \/ulpe 1982,1)2)' in mot'ntintele I ii 3 din tumulul
    .,1)ietroasa" sunt atestate olse de pasiit'e yi |espectir'. cle cal (Popescu'
    nr.. li dln necroprolrL Iigvenl
    yul'c lgti:l. 100-it)t'i ia. iirr tumululi nr. I din necropola de la Cepuri "Toplilii'' - oase calcinate
    cle animal clr: tlLlier nrare (lbide m,79). Irr acest context,
    un caz de.sebit pre;rinta mormintul l0 din
    'l'- rr .l ci.rn necr.p'ia T'igver i "Baber" clre conltnea cou[ vilse cu oasi3 ci]lcinale in exclusivitate
    ovicaplinele' porcul' boul qi ca-
    de a.njrnale : pilmul - 42 frag;mente, piltttt'e care se icentificd -
    aparlinirnd polcului (Nicolaes-
    pr.at ;rl dcrile,a -.peste 420 flr,.girnente,ie porc. bou. cal, majorltatea
    cu-p1o1rgor, Wolsl.i 1915,41i). in neclt4rola r1e la BlseEti,
    T' nr' XIX continea oase de cal sau
    (lclerrr t959' 358-360)'
    bo' (N,lor.intz. t9:i9'. 233), turnulul nr'. i, ,,or. de arrl nale necleterminat.enecropola de la Gogo;Lt
    gase cle unrrn,le au I'ost idr:ri:i{'icate gi in tumulul nr}.VIl qi nr. l-Iil <J,in
    c,in CArnpi:t Dr.tnriLrii (Berciu. Conlga 1956, 417' '150)'
    pentru complexele tumulare scrtice
    Ofl.anc,a de canre reprezinti un element ritual carecteristic
    oste'clogice aratri ci in morminte
    timpLrrii din zorla ,1e, silVostepii clin Dreapta Nipi'ului. Dt:termindt'ile
    e:raLr clepuse fi-a,qn:rante de le,quri de cal, bovine,
    ovicaprine, po,'c. in tr'rmulr'rinr' 447 de la Zurovka Yt
    de fier (I(onnaHeuxo n ap' 1989'
    rrr....l0l,dc la'l.urrr:r ot'randa ce carne era insolitd de ciitc un cu{ita$
    jr-rmdtate a sect-rlului al \/I-lea - secolirl V i"e'n''
    :i-5) ln tu:ruluI nr. r1i de la ]Merdvin, datiit in a cioua
    de cail erau r1t-:1lusr: intr-cr strachinir lucratd cu miina
    (Ibidem' 40)'
    0asr:le

    rueruTA gt DTSPUNEREA lN'/ENTARULUI iN TUnilU


    Ll
    colr rpo

    cleoseb'e$te de ce]i atestat in rnhu-


    lnvenlaruI nrorutintelc,r,:ie incirreralte. in gener,l, pu!in se
    vase intregibi-
    n,!i .'frti tr-irnlui, fiira exceplie, confi:reau agl,cmeraliid. ttogttt"nte de ceramicii' sttnt
    e. Ei, mri rar i.t.egi f;xceplie prezintiitumulr-rl nr' 3b, unde fragmentele ceramicd de
    'ilr;e
    :r-i tutul rir.tiplce $l nu permit ltribuileri lor la unele
    tip.iri celte de VaSe' l\urndrul de vase' inclustv
    :e le ide'tif ica1e <Jupri pirrlile sttperioare, siill aspectui
    tehnologic, este: de 2 in tr:rnulttl nr' III;3 in
    qi vr; (r in tumulul nr'. IV gi vII; 15 in tumu-
    [unrulul nr.. I: .{ 1n ti.rniurLir nr-. V: 5 in :urnulLrl nr. II
    in cari: a' f'cst depistat un fragment
    lul nr. \lll ;i l6'in tumulul lr. IX. (lu exceplia tumutul nr' v,
    cle Lr,rzd dt: t'as; cjie, 'lLtlonre centtqie lttcrat 1a i'rat5' 9i
    trrmulul nr' VIII' Ia periferia mantalei de pla-
    ronrani tlrzie, cera-
    tri ir cdruiu a r,o:;1 g[sita o a1;romer.afre, de fragmentc ce amt'orii clin perioada
    nti,:rt din iecrc,pc,lu'f,',,na* "DrumulL F'etegtilor'" este lucratd
    cu rnAna' fepl'ezentiind ambele cate-
    got.ri : fina gi clc itz comun Piesele cle: r-rz comun ilteltate
    irr tr-rrnuli sunt reprezentate prin: cu{ite
    cle irer -- tumulul rrL. I gi \/; ptese clc fier fragmentat'e'
    puternic (lol'oclat'3 -- tumulii nr' III' VI' \/II
    tloar sporltdic; 5 varfuri de sageata de
    gi iusairilr: de lur rrs - tumulul nr"'VI gi VIi.,\rmele apar r/III'
    tumulLrl nr' in tumulul nr' l sunt atestate pie-
    os i' f- nr. I qi un vfu'l'r cle siigeata tle bronz in pr-
    "prlonrap-ctttgot'". FrecVente itl inventarul funerar sunt
    sele cie 1rl[;1 --"lbe[igor-incht:i".torra" ;i
    ('?), atestate trLi exceptia ll' nr' IIIb' in toli tllmlr-
    esi:ie de p'clo,bii, ircleosebi, margeleie cle sricld
    I''viII' IX; 4 - tumulr"rl 'r' Il:
    lii : citc I exerrpltr'.- tum,lul nr, IV, V. V]II; clte ll - tumulul nt'
    l5..turrrrrlr-rlnrI].Ilclelirtars-tunrululnr'IIgidetlronz-tumululrrr'.y'lll.lntreiturnuli,nr.I,
    unul din c;irpete ?n fofmd de mdciulie
    Iil, vIi sau clescoperit cAte un cercel de trron;t in spirala cu
    cui r:u gzirrLf,lia conicd sau concavf, sunt
    conrci r,;ltr,
    fornri de
    pirildriolllra rotunca: acele de bronz'in
    errcstate in turnulul nr. III ('rlou6.*.,r,plare )
    r;i nr. \'II ( un exemplar ), o buc;pra/pandantiv de os
    de gresie;i graLnule de ocru' exclusiv in tu-
    pr0.,,ite ciln turnulLrl nr. \'I: piesele drltoaleta - tava
    mulr-rl nr. \i I.
    piesele de inl,entar-in turnulii cer con!ineau incinefa!ii complete efecl.uate
    in a{ara locului inmor-
    miLrrtart i el'au lrnl'P lasate:
    a) in centrul turnululu:i, irnpreunf cu restttrile
    cin,:tare aduse cle la rug;(t'umulul nr' v - IX);
    cinerare, de obicei in partea de sud-
    b) i.n nern,ijl.cita apropit:re a sr-rprafelei ocLlpate dt: restutile
    'VIII, sau de vest turnulul nr' VI' acoperite cle mantaua de piatra;
    su.c[-est -- tumuiu] nr. VII, -
    ReuitlsAAYebsrA;ae lettll
    64 --
    al mantalei de pdmint - tumulul
    c) in al.ara lxrilmert'lrlui rnantalei de piatr:i, in sectorul de sud-est
    nr. 'VI qi \rlll (ligr. 1,5).
    afmele' piese de podoa-
    i''partea.r,rirr,ota a tumulul.ri de regulri su'nt gdsite piesele de uz crlmun,
    amplasate cu precf,clere in par-
    t,i;,LAe toaleta varsele $r aglomeraliile d-e ftag"ienie de ieramica f.iind
    vase sunt situate pe
    teir de sud. [ntr--ur, tumurlul nr. IX, aglomelatiile de fragmen'[e de la diferite
    "ot" apropiere a suprafelei in care se
    perimeh-ul siupraf,llei 0(uprtg d,: resturilJde la rrug. in nemiilocita
    saseaui restu'le,r1rrefarlr era,r.l.,pt,se atlt rrase inflegi, clt 9i
    uneler aglrlmeratii d^e fragmente de Cera-
    il.;.'i,.'';,r;;.';;,il'.,'. t,t inpr.eunI cu doui strd.chini a fost depusii qi o fusaiolS. in afara finS' pre-
    perimetrulut
    rnantillei cle piatrri'i. sau tlescopelit flagmente cL: vase din ambele c:ategof
    ii: de uz comun 9r
    vI. Refelitor la c:eramicd, din punct de vedere a
    cur: qri o priesa dt.: fier prrl:efilc corodatd, - tumttlui nr.
    de obicei se depuneau vase
    tipurilor morfoloSlice,'irr incrnta suprafe{ei ocupate de resturile cinerare,
    intlegi sau lf ilgmr,:nte cL: StfAchini, cupe, ciini, patrare, vase de
    tip borcan, vase cll corpul bitronconic'
    nu se poate afirma ci se respecta obiceiul
    Ciit prr'er;te repel"t,Jriul lorntelor de vase atestiite in tumttli,
    <lepunerri obligal.Ot'ri a r.llof t,ipul"i croncrete cle vase.
    Comun pentill tumulii dtn necropola de la Trinca
    estc prezen!a va:;,;lot clil arrbele categoril : flld rli de uz
    comun' in tr'rmulul nr' V sunt atestate fl'ag-
    trl,3nte de strachirr.l, cupe,, cand' l'as lucrat Ia rc'atd;in
    tumulul nr"v'Il - cupi' pahar: in turnulul nr' Vl-
    din tumulul nr' IX unde a-
    iI -- strachina, vas de, i,' borca'n. Semnrfi.ati' in acest sens este situafia cinerare'
    clisptrse pe perimetrul suprafelei ocupate de restudle
    lglomeraliile de fragmen,te ceramice vas bitronconic de propol-fit;
    prezintii:i' trcr,:oir,ri traqtnerrte de la urr stngur vas - strachini', cupii, doua vase bitronco-
    'hr rlte: lt'ei, de lu rjou5. * vas de' tip borcan; cupf,' vtts bitronconicl
    '',.ls.. strachind'
    t'as de tip borca:n' cani; cLrp6' vas de tip borciln' vas
    nice; in ,Couii cazuri, rji la ttei ','lse - strar:frin6,
    gase r,ase clin ambe]ie categorii' irtestate qi irr unele
    necleternlinat. 1.-]ltima, (]()ntillancl fragnrenl'e de 1a'
    ag1)orrrar.atirls 6ls:,jrl enurriirate. Inventarul <lepistat
    in incinta surprafe{ei de rispandire a resturilor de la
    <ie ceramir:h din tumulul nr' VII' nu atesta
    LII-
    rlrg. cLl cxceplit *'usaio r:r q;i aglomera{iei de ,i'agmente
    a suprafelei rle-rispdndire a resturilor de la rug'
    erau
    nle de lu.clere ,.,,,,rnJrru in rrelntiltocita apropi,:r!
    dcpuse'/ase int.:tl{i, c1t re91116, rtra.hini - iumulul
    nt" VI, \'III' precum 9i aglomeralii conpuse dtn
    nr' VII' VIIL in tumulul nr' VI' de rAnd cu do-
    fragment,: de stri,ichinr 1i vase de tip borcan -- turnulul
    perinretrului mantaleii de piatr[ a tumulul nr' vI
    se identt-
    uri strachi*i rse 11i,i:;ea ;;i o fusaiold. In afara
    gi de la o piesii de fler puternic corodatd' iar a tumulul
    frca fragrnente dr: stracl'rni. vits de tip borcln
    nr VtIi- pirrfil:: unlti chiup 9i it unui vas r1e tip borcan'
    de in'enl'ar se giseau in nemijlocita aproptere
    in incineratiir incorrpleta cltn tumulul rrr. i, piesele uz co-
    uase lucrate cu mAna ( cand' chiup' vas de
    gi printre Oariele, slheletului, Drn componr3nti] lui -
    cle os, piese cle tolbd' mdrgeie de sticla'
    cercel
    nIJn crJ truza evilz;atli f ctrtit cle: fier, vlrfuri de siigeatd
    cle bronz, ul.lne (1e, ardere securrclard poartri
    doar unele vilfuri de sdge{i'
    ,tunruliIr.rr in cat"e a fost practil]at ritul inhumar.ii _ nr. II, III, IV, de rand cu vasele
    de
    lni',enl'arul mdrgele de sticld
    cte lrer (tumulut nr. III); de podoabd -
    rrrt ars, inc:rude - piesi de'zcomun - s'te
    lut ars (tumulul nr' II)' cercei de bronz in spi-
    (tumulul nr. ll - zi; nr. ill - 15; nr. IV - l), rndrgele de
    (tiimulul nr' III); ace cle bronz in formi de cui c* gima-
    rald cu unul dirr ,rp.r. in f'.rmd de pallri,rarii
    pieselor <le in\lentat., cu exceplia vaselor, este
    l:iit conic6 Sau 1;|)ncavli (tulnulr-rl rrr. III). Arrrplasarea de lut ars in tumulul nr' II
    printre,. s;au in itpr.piere a oaseloi scheletelor ravaqite' Vasele
    'r:nri.i1.:ita spre sud - sucl'-est Ei respectiv ' spre sud
    - sud-vest
    gi III su.'t c|:puse in se ctoa'ele iumatalilor dr: sud,
    cli: s'alrtrl de r-iis;piin<1i r: a.aselor, iarin tumulul
    n'' tv - spre nord-'vest de.locul depunerii scheletu-
    vas;r: din ambere catego'ii tehnoiogice:
    Iui. simiiar t*lr,uLril.r \le conlinellu incineriri, erau depuse
    mlrfologic'3 SUilt evrdenliate :in tumulul nr' II
    -
    fina qi de uz comun. I)in punc:t O. u.a.r,- a tipuLrilor nr' III -
    r,as clin categ.tja fina nedetr:rminat' vase de tip lDofcan' vas.b.itronconic in T-
    s;trachinii. cup6, de la alte
    strachind, vas de trip b.rcan' chiup' f.agmente
    s;trachinii, I,as triLtr-oncr,r'ric, in tumr-rlul nr. IV -
    d""'ilil]:,.1|.-lit,.i,ltli]i variat, clin
    in tumulii necropotei de la Trrnca, relariv s6rac ai pLrlin funerare
    depistirr
    complexelor
    r)unct dc vedcre ar
    c,,,:goiiilor compone,nte, in rinii generale este caracteristic cu mina' mai rar la
    timp*rii.var"r9 o. tipuri dil'erite, lucrate
    aie per.ioaclei harll,stit6crie tiirzil - r.iti.. os qi de
    fusaiolele), ainrr:le (virfurile de sigeatd de
    r,ata .lar.ului, pieselt: de uz comun f...,1lt*]i., de sticl[' lut
    rDronz'). presele cle la rolba ( incheietoare,le,,:ri,loarele ), piesele de podoaba (mdrgelele
    YolLur; Ll L lVr, I 6i

    .rrs, hron;2, cefceij cle bronz i:r r;pirala cu capui conic), piesele vestimentare (acele de bronz in formd
    rle cui), pir;ele rje tc,aletii (tavt:le, cle gre:rie, granulele dr: ocru) $.4., in cantitiili gi cclmbinalii diferite
    sLlnt prezente itt inve:nt-arul [Ltnerar al mormintelor grul)ului podoJian de vest din zona Nistrului de
    llijl,:c;;i Eiuc:r.r,,'ina de Sud (lvle"rrcrona 1958, 4l-42;ClrrrapHoea 1968, 14-19; Idem l979,62; Idem
    i980' 23tlll X.pyxlg'1t',"rrlrxalr 1990, l-51-t55; Igna.t 1976 106; Idem l97Ei,I2l-122; Idem 2000,333);
    <:ultr-r:ii i<.uitanovice (Cuprpsonai, EepH-sKoerlq l!)65,96; Crvrrapnoea 1979a, 1i2; llonowr.r 1990, 161;
    lderl 19!).1,266r); cultLrrii Ve ke:rzug (iiepen 198(r, 178-180, nota, ll4l;ltlenroxoea 1989,89); grupu-
    lui :;citic din'fransilvania ('y'asiliev 1980,53-56)l grupului Ferigile-BArselri (Vutrpe 1967, -\7-74;
    P,:t,escu l!)72: Popesr"',r, Vulpe 1982: Morinrz l')57,222;kLem 1.959,356; Idem 1959a,231-
    "/ttlp,r:.
    ,132); cultrLrir scrtice arhaice clin zona de silvostcpd cin Dreapta Niprului (tr4rruucxax 191.5. L)6;
    [(oerrasen.r:o l!]r8 [.'/.i; I..oerra]reHKo re .lp. 1989, .]5).
    l\{odiilile <ie clis;punr:re a ir:n,entarului in tumulii din necropola de la Trinca, care ilustreaz/a o ac-
    tiunr: rituaila efi:ctuati in mc,nr:rntul cerernoniei funebre, deasemeneil au'paralele in ritualurile funera-
    re p,,racticlir{e dc c,:rrrrunit5lile I allstattiene tirzii -.sciticr: timpurii. ln cornplexele funerare a grurpulur
    podo ran cle ciu'e c'rn!ineirrr Incinelatii complote pe locul unde u,lterior se amenaja tumulul piese-
    "'est
    le de inr''r:ntal se sdseau : pe Iundirl cavcurilor - tumulul nr'. l, 3, (i in necropola de la Perebykovcl,
    (Cvrrpuorrzt 1c)'79,611): in incinta linritrtd de rnantaua de piatra"- turnulul nr. 1 de la Lenkovcy
    (Merrrcrco.aa 1953, (i0) slu in tr;trtea central6 a construcfier de lemn rimenajatir la suprafala orizontulur
    Lntlc - turlulul nr'. I de la 14yiil:ovcy (N{aneen 199t, 1:l-5). In incir:rta supraf,:tei rugr-rlui funerar erau
    ron;rntrate pieselr:, ,:le inventar q;i in trrmuiul nr.'7 de la Volov5t (Ig,nat 1978 121). (Jeramica ('r,asele
    intrr',.'i qi ii:rr:rrrentr''e) in tumrrlul nr. 3 cle la Percbykovly Se gdsea la pcrifelia de Sud-vest a p,rdelei
    (av,:)ului (Clrr.rprHo,ai,L LL)7tt,51)l in tr-rrnulul nr. I de la Lenl<ovcy era dispus[ la periferia de sucl-est a
    supiraf-etel ocllp,i.lte de resturilc r:inerare (Nfe:rioxoeii 1953, puc.21',t'., in tr-rmu ul nr. 7 de la Volovdf -
    in ser-tonrl de s;ud.-est a supril'etei rugului funerar (Igrat 1978, fili-t. t2), iar in tumulul nr. I de la
    l,{1,rikovc1,_- cr-r prcc:aclere in lraltea cle sud a construclie i funerare (.Ma.neen 1991, pllc. l). in ttrmulul
    nr. i,l de la Pereltyl<c,1'g,7, c&fe ,llntinea o incineralie efectuatd in afara locului inmorrnintdrii nemijlo-
    cite.','asLll Je tip chiup;i l'unrlul unui irlt r''as lucrat cu mAna pe care se gliseau oasele de la ofrancla de
    (ar-ne. era,u dispus,r:, j'n coltul clt: rLord-vest: etl cavoului (C:'rupuova 1979,44).
    lin turriulir cr'rltr'rrii Kuit;rnc'vice' care conlineau ircinerdri el'r:ctuate P': locul unde ulterior se
    ridica tunrulul inventiinrl fun,:rrtr era dispus: in incintiL rugului fttnerar - tumulii nr. I 9i II din ne-
    l'ofl,:)la cle la []ernr,j Potok r,(-lnrlrpHoea 19J9a,40, prl:.2,3): in incinta gi la sr-rd-vest de periferia
    sLrprrfelei lugulLr,:i iunerar - lumulul nr. VI din necr,rpola de ll Cernyj Potok t.lbidem, 4'7" 50,
    puc. l1): 1'n incintir nrsului truner':.rr, in nemijloc,ita aproprere a suprafelci rugutrui funerar, spre
    suci-r'est. ciit gi la periferra d,l sud a mrntaler tumulului - tumulul X\/ gi XVI din necropola Ko-
    lodn,oe Il (CuupHcna, Iiepu:ar:c,Btriq 19(i5, 107-108, plc. l,2). Dr:mn de rr:marcat in acest contex
    r:ste r;ituuria aiesl.;ltir in tumulul nr. IV de la Cernyj Potok, unde resturile cinerare ale cremiirlt e-
    fectrLlate pre lo,::ul arnenajdrii tumulului au fost adunat: de pe suprafal.a rLrgului funerar qi clepuse
    in cloui urne gi inr:r-o groapti rricd amplasate in sectolul de sud-',,est a mantalei, impreund cu va-
    :ele ce lc insol.i:au (CrrlrpHona l979a, tl3-14).
    It-a Ferigile, in unicul nrr;rmAnt turnular cu cremirre pe loc, nr. 150,'vasele-urne cu res;turile
    c:inerare acluna.le <,ie pe supri;f a!a rugr.rlui, au fost depur;e li marginea de suC-vest a rugulLli. in afa-
    ra ini:intr:i rusulu, funerar. l;r norcl-ver;t frrnd ttmplasrt un alt vas (.nr. 3) (Vulpe 1967, fi1.,.26).
    I{eleritor 1,, ns1;1spr)la turnulurii de lii F'errgile, se remrrrcd cd incinerdr:ile rie efectuau in alta parte
    ;i cii la rni'Ljontati:a mornrinterlor sau putut deos,ebi doud grupe de inv,entar:cel acoperil de man-
    taua de LrDls1,il61 $l cel situat 1in marginea acesteia, fiind ?n parte acoperit, in parte in afara bolo-
    vanil.or', ul:ir:rlr I'irril alcdturti jn special de fragn-rentele vaselor mari (vase mar"i pOntecoase . cini
    \/as,l de trp borc'rn) in opinrri lui A. Vulpe. cerarnicit din marginea gi din jurul mantalei de bolo-
    ,,ani repr',3zinth sir:tu o palte ,r inventarului sau cr ofrlLndd depus;li ult,oriot' inmormAntdrii ('Vulpe
    961', 2:l. in ne,:,roprola Tigl,,eni "Babe" sunt menlionate trei grupe de c,frande : resturile cle la
    lggu) fun,erar, jnr:lr-rsiv ira€inlentele cie ceramicii, depuse in gropi de dimensitlnr mici sapate de 1a
    nivr::lul olizontul,ui antic; fraglrrrente cle la mai nrulte v:tse cu urmt: de arder:e secundard sr-rnt depu-
    s,e lr ntargineii milnta,lei de trolovani; irirgntenle de ceramicd amplasate la periferia mantalei de
    Arly.oL2gJc l1'59!l! n ou it
    ()t) - ---,--rReuisln

    lgl2' 79-80)' La Cepari' in unii


    prirrrdnt, prrrfial NC:c,pel'ric cle mtrntaua cle piatrd (Vulpe, Popescu
    fag,.r-rentard creru amplasate in partea cen-
    [Lln]Llll. r.es,trlrile clnerarj i'preunr cu cer^amrLca rin stare
    de resturile cinerare
    flalir aturrrulului;in allir - vasele si armele erau situate ia o anr'miti distanti
    depr;se in grclpi ntici saLr urne in centrul lnantalei de
    piatrd tiPoprescu' Vuipe 1982' 102)' La B0r-
    sr:qti, in uni:i tumrulr rnr,:ntarul tpiesele vestimentare
    qi de podoabd) este amplasat in centt'ul man-
    tah:r cle pimant l','rlcirt, la niveliri solului vechi , vasele -
    in grurp a cite 4 spre sud-vest' ?n allii'
    -- sunt gr"upa,[e: spir, sucl de oase (Morinl"z ]9t57,221,fig.1;ldem
    va:;cle
    l96l,20l)'
    planI de ]a Ciumbt'ucr'
    in.rar..ii gi:u1,r',t* s:iric din "fransilvania, mormintr,rl nr. 13 din necropola de-
    jn'cntarul ccrnpur; din doLrd'vasr: qi oase clc la ofr,ancla de carne, se afla la sucl cle resturile umane
    pr-ls': intr-g griinra(|i ?n j rrniLtatetr de nord-vest a
    glopir moftuare ('v'asiliev 1980' 56-57)'
    Rcfe rit.r Ia ni.clrrI rle clispunere a lnventarr-riu,i funelar respectat
    in cazurile incinerdrrlor efectua-
    re pe 1'cr.rl inmor*lntirrinernijlocite, practiclLt cie comunrtatile scitice arhaice din z'ona de silvostepii
    clin Dreapla Nipr.irlui inlorn-ratiile sLrnt extrern rje scunde.
    Mertliotirim cloat'cd in cavoul ars drn tumu-
    calctnate a doi defunc!t se gaseau
    lul nr. 3 <J;n nec:rcrpola ce la csitrljazka, vasel: irrpreunh cu Oasele
    prc I'und, lirngii prcre tele tle su'J-est
    (l{nlllncxag t9'l5' 84)'
    Inventanil ctrrn turulii din necropola de la Trinca in care a fost practicata tnhLrmarea dup5
    ocupata cre oasele scheletelor'dvdq;ite
    conrponerntii gi rrr.dLrr ie drspLrrrere vls-a-vis crer supral'ala
    esr.c iclentic cLl ce:l clin rttorntinlcle de incinerare
    examinate rnai sus' Categol'rlle obiectelor de port
    s;au in nemijlocita apropriere a
    (piescle cle uz ctrlriluo., cle poclotbii, vestinrentare) se gdseu prir:ltt'e
    cie frilsmerrte Cle ceramicd et'au depuse spre
    oaselr:,r schelel.elo' si i ui,.'el.l". Sau aglonrr:raliile
    de supriifala,Ce i'aspirnclire i oaselor Llmane' Comparirrea
    modr"rlui
    s;r-iii-est. qLrd.r,,e:st sr,,
    '-r,rc[-,,,esl
    <ie ditipunere a lrryer,ta ,.rlui funerar eviclerntia.t
    in mornintele cle inhumare depuse direct pe supla-
    Trinca cu cele practicate in obiectivele funera'e de
    ace-
    r.aIa oriz_onturur antic cin n*cr.pora cre la
    cu celo mai apropiate atit terjto'ial'
    la;i tip rl0 unit{i]:ilor r:.rlturale sincrone erste.dificila, chiar;;i
    ordine de idei men{ion[m doar ci
    r:lt;;t ?n ilspect ctiltut'i,r[ - de lip podolil,n cl'o vest' tn acea];ta la tnventar
    ,rnhurna{ia'n pril;,,111. r: rcit5L de s'b mantaua tumulul nr. 6 cle Ivanovcy cra lipsitii de
    in r'rnele complexe: tumulul nr' I de la
    (lt[r,xHr,r l9ti9, 107). litocltrl cle clispunele ar in"'entarulur
    Kp5'ueIbHI4qKaq 1990' 152)l complexul nr'
    IrrLnovlta (Sr,rlinrirsk.i ')36 E8:Me:rrcrcosa i958,40;
    1958' 40; Kp1'ure:rlHIIUKa'r 1990' l5'3' puc
    2 cte Ia R,.}ior, l:(ut (St ilrr,'rsl<r 1936, 801 N4e-nr'rxosa
    (Me.;rt<lxoea 1958,'10); rnorrniintul I chn tumulul
    nr' 4 de Ia
    5tr,2'); lurnulul nr. l cle la Sielraty'nce
    ]5) rru este specificat' iar p'ivrtol'la altele - tumulttl nr'
    I
    Sr-rtnivc.y ([-t,ua'r, I-.,,t1t.,t, N{ererl 1998, tumulul nr' 3 qi 5
    cre ra Krrrgrir< (Lrr.rpr,)B3 r963, r4)
    turmunur nr. l de laDorinjany (lbidem,23),
    nu a putut ri stabLrit cri' cLruzLr devastirilor ulterioa-
    clc la perebykov,:y (t.r'rpHionir r9i9,52,5-,t)
    construclie funerard' Totodat[ ' in con-
    re salr a erl-ectuii' irirrorrrrintiLri lor suc<;ersi've in aceiagi ln sectorul gr.pii ca-
    c.l'o la Kruglilt vasele s'e gdseau
    ter)it*l r:irscu1,t, !;elnni.r lim cd in tttrnulul nr. I 1968'
    cle vesl a camerei funerare (Crrlltpttonzr
    re n-a 1'csl clerrln.lat <1,: de.,'aslittori; lirnS;a peretele
    din tumulul nr' 3' sau in partea de
    l4). iar l,r Pereb,1,l<o\(.y -- la trrarginea cle sttcl-vest it ctlvoLrlui
    (Cl,rltpuona 1979,51'57' puc' l4)'
    sucl, r;ucl-est lca,r,ouLui ciin turrrulul nr.5
    de inhurnalie: cu scheletele?n pozitie chircitd
    Rcfer.itor la rnver,r.irul l,unr:raf atestatin rnoimintele
    funerar a culturii vekerzug' informaliile se refe-
    pe partea cirr:a1tti, prep,nclerente i1 cadrul 'itr'ralului
    modul de ciispunere a pieselor vis-a-vis de defunct
    rii mai rnurt la c{)r-rlporcn{a lui gi croar rforo,ti. ra
    de la Szentes-Vekerzug' de exemplLl' se
    (iZte'en l9|86, ll'78 , N1.,nio,,oua 1989, &9). Pentru necropola (l-3 vase)
    rnen!ioneazir ciL in mar multe rnorminte care
    conlin rnhumalii irr poz;i{ie intinsd' ceramica
    gropii funerare (Mr::uoxoBa 1989' 89)' In acest context'
    se gdsea deasuprit sch:letului, in umplutura pieselor
    complexe futterA'e' in care se indica qi locul
    rnai men(ion6r' cir c.rrsultirreir planurilor urix Vest' po-
    cu scheletele chir-cite, orientate cu c|aniul
    spre
    clc rnventar prtenl co.stata ci in morminteler gasindu-se la
    z,i1ia pter;elor dr: po<,lol,iri corer;punde
    locului de purtare' vasele' impreund cu fusatolele
    20 de la N6grddkdvesd (citate
    clefu'clilor .ra esrt ) - n-rormlntur t9 de ra Heves; rnorrnintLrl
    Jricioarele pe spate,podoabele' arrne-
    cir.rpd ch.r:hot..r,vskr t )gs, euu.
    46); in cele cu scheletele in poz:i1ie i'ntins6
    sunt de-
    iar-vasele' indif':renft de <lrientarea acestora'
    le, etc, sLlnt afe:'late c(,llfc)l'm locului de purtin'e,
    30 qi mormamtul 76 din necropola de la szentes-
    puse spr.e sud cle oascle plcioarelor - morrnantul
    i/.k.tiug (Chot.:horov'skr '[985, Abb' 47)'
    67

    de categorit
    ir ritualul l.unc,rir.ol'iciat,i.e comunitii{ile grupului scitic din Trarrsilvaria, o serie
    .lr: picse (.procl'abe. i'fme, etc.) iEi au l,lcll lo,
    iourt. pre cis itt morrninte' la lEezafea lof respectan-
    de carne erau depr:Lse la sud de defunct' indi-
    cl.r-se pozilra cle purtare. Vits,:le cle lr.rl ars ;i o:firaLntJa
    singurra excepfrt: a fost evidentiat[ in
    fr:rent de c,rlentat'l)i-r acestofrr (Vasiltev tggO,:;:-S6)'O
    schelet (tbidem' nola213)' Aceste
    nrornrlntul 5 cle li:. c)zd, carr: avea vascle dePuse la nord cle
    ccrns;rirldrj ef'ectuir.l.e in hraziL i.lhumaliilol in poz:i1ie
    in insd pe spate, Precklminante in cadful ne-
    ?n pozifie <;hircit[' care din punct
    croprolelor, piir a t'r r,,alabile, ;i pentru rr,orrnintele cu sr:heletele
    besc ctt nimic de m'xmintele cu scheletele
    cle ve,dere: al inv'entafului 9i it altor aspecte nu se cleose
    irrtitt:;e ([ ric\crri. 4 *- i6 t.
    cle sil'rostepa din Dreapta Nt-
    in ccrnple.r.elr: funr:rare al:: comunitiilrlor scittce artiaice clin zona Vesela (1-'1' mai
    1:rLrlu pie,:;ele cle rnventaL',
    i.'ntormtnte deasem,:nea i;i aveau locul lo'foarte precis'
    picioare mai rar' lingd mAtlir' umdr' in colful sau
    lit
    Iirr 1i-.7 vas:) de obtcci era clepusd llnE5a c|aniu, la in apropierea cranl-
    ,]azLu-i vasele ce riingd.r,,,niu erru insolite si de i'usaiole.
    [reretore gr;;.opii, in ilnere ?n morminte se e-
    r:r-r culitul.cie fier' A;;ezarell atrlelor
    Lrlui se dt,:p.rnea gr ofi'anr-lir cle, c;arne ir-'-tpre.t,ia
    siigeti - in crreapta bazinr-rlui defunctr-rlui; ldncile -
    in
    fectui.r conr..rn.r r.r:uLlui ror cle purtare: ic,rtra cu
    akirakes-uiire - in srtfinlSa bazi'ului' Piesele
    de
    crreapta sa. stii:ng;;r. defuncturL:1, paraiel .,-,.o.puli mai jos de
    se depuneau in dreapta clefunctnlui'
    trarn;rganlc't - ps,l;ile, zf,bal.le, aplii:il:, cle oticei
    (farfuriile) de piatrd gi vctpselelo se gbsesc lingd crantu'
    triizin. otliecte le cle toale tii -- lgllinzile. v,lsele
    ile aur se gasesc pe crarriu' cetceii 9i lnele de bucla
    de
    rie rcgulir in cireap,:r,L lur. Po,J,labele - aplicile
    acele de bronz' mat rar rle fier - in regiunea
    cra-
    llron:t, u1.r,331"i cle ,.r.r - de o ptfte $i alta a craniului; calcedon'
    nrr.rlur. sir.r-l iil cu,tiei toracice; salirele din
    perle rle topaz-, agat, cristitl de r;tanca. chihlimbar'
    r;ticlr. - irr jLlrr-rl gi,tLrlui (l(onuaueurco I !)8 l'
    7 l-73)'

    DEp'utt eReA oFRANDELc)R uLTI:RloR iNMoRMAltrAnll


    irr doi tumuli - nr' VI qi vI['
    in ne,c,r.op'ra cre la Trinc r aceasti r)ractica rituarii a fost atestata
    j'n afarrr rnantalei <1e piatrf,, in sectclrul de sud-est a
    in arnbere caz,ur.jr vestig;iile r.r.sunt ,rnrprasate de fragmr:nte de strachind' vas cle tip
    mant'lel'r,r. pa'nlni.'in t.urnul,-,1 nr.VI ea elite repfe':entatd p[rfi1e unui chiup 9t a
    bor.cln ;;i de r_rn fr.aqrrent cle dc fier corocrat'. in tumulul nr'. V'II' - <le
    (trizna) organi-
    Lu.r,,ri 'resd
    cle tip t,.,,.1,u,",.,,\cesie ofrancle reprezintii ves:igiile <banchetul"l l.Yl"bt'>
    'as de piatri, concomitent cu ilrdet'ea rugului ame-ljalat
    zat odatra, cu termtnarea arn:najdrii rnantalelor qt acopenrea
    cie lsuprir. DupaL tclmi:narett
    ''tlanch':tului funebru" ul'ma spargerea ritualri a vaselor
    mantaler de Piatlii cu Primitrrt'
    piatra amenajater asupla locului depunerii restu-
    obiceiul lircl.:'i ruiSului 'unerar pe ntantalel.e cle
    g a.organiz[rii tr''izriei.- "banchetului funebru"
    ril,rr cinerare .d.rse de la iocul crem6rir propr:iu-zise turnulul nr' 2
    comunitl1irr: gr-upurLri 1r,,.tofi,,n de^vesr din iona Nistrului r1e Mijhrc -
    eril practi(rar <Je
    rg77,,3g),tumurur nr. \'I cle ra Bratysev
    (KpyurenbHI'IuKas
    clin necropc.rrn rrer ra Dorinjan.r (currpuc,na mari ;;i de un set
    reprezentltte cle vestigii alr: unor rugut'i
    lgg,r). l ir3,). t.trr*,1 ale "batrclretului funebru"
    ati:state r;i in tumuiul-cen.taf nr' I de
    la Lenkovcy
    co.rsiderabil cle picse cle irventa, ou for,
    tnt"'#l:::::.l,ni;.r13'l i' pracricile funerare al€, unor comunitili tracice
    din
    esre aresratr Ei
    "0,r,, ofrantlele cle ti'ul celor de la Trinca au
    z.na Crrpatilor nreridiontili in n.,,r.fot,'ttt lt f:t:gile 124' PI XXXI;
    ev1rj:n1ia.te in tr,rnrulii rrr. ll ,:16, 105, 142(Vulpe I'967' lt7-118' I',i' xxx','
    fos1
    clepuse conco:nitent cu mormr)'ntut
    pr.incipal' la nivelul ort-
    l,lt-r, Pl. ]{XX:V]LII; 183,I,1, ,KL)' El.iitr est sau
    t* 0,2_l m,Jistantii-,i.-pr,-ir.,,ia marrtalei de piatri lin,partea de sud-est,
    zo*tulri antir:,
    de l]-5 vase mari in tumulul nr'
    nor..d. Fiiepr.ezintii aglomerr"ii de flag,nr.n,.."ru-lce.proveniie a considerat aceste
    arclere secunclard' Autorul siipiturilor
    lCr5 gi r.rn cu{it <ie f iel, unel:' cu urrne"de
    Faptul cZ" nici intr-un catl nu sau giisit oase
    calcinate
    ve,stigii r:a nroLminte secur,J,,r" ipot,:iice, r'eprezi'td ofrande
    calificarei. Aceste fragmente de, ceramic6
    sau cdr.r:une nu perrnLte o r.stfel cre lucru acceptat gi de
    mormiintur principal f'canct parte din in"ventarur tumurului'
    c'ntemp.ron. ,.,u es-
    (P'lpescu' \/ulpe 1982' 80)' AcL:i.aEi practici funerard
    A.. \/ulpc ir.r una rlin lucliirile urmatda'e 1972' 109'
    "Babe'i - tr'rmlrlii nf' 9, t0' 1:i (Vulpe' Popescu
    te rrestiitd 5i in
    'ecr.polel:''fig'eni
    6ti Rcri"la .l,rheolopic it. S,rric rtori,i

    fig..l1; lll, f ilr;. 14; l)operscu, Vulpe 1982. 95, fig. 16) r;i Cepari "Topli1a" - tumulii nr.'/, 8,9,
    (P,rpescu, Vulpe 1981, 90, fig. 5,9).
    Obiceiul depunerir oflandei ulterior inmc,nnAntarii gi amenaijirii mantalelor tumulilor era practi-
    cal de r:ornunitalile scr rce timpurii din zonu de:;ilvostepd din Drreapta Niprului, unde vestigiile triz-
    nei se gi:;esc in rniintat.i,r turnulilor- tumulul nr. 6 de la Jasnozor-'e (K.onnaneHKo rr Ap, 1989,.36) sau
    in ganturile ce incor4rl,rrd rnantaua - tumulul nr. I din grupul II, Gorcjakovskij Les t1e la Medvin
    (I(onnarreuxo [(,)181,7:]);i trrmulul nr. l5 rJe la Steblev (KoeraueHr(o rj ap.1989,36).

    DrreRrrurreREA DEFt,Nc'!-tLoR ill rurucrre DE sEX (rtc. 1,6)

    c)biectivul ll'r.rnca "DrrLlmul lletegtilor" reprezrntd o necropol6 tumr-rlard in care sa practicat


    biritualisrnul, incineritr:a;;i inhumarea, rrLpofiul dintre ele fiind, respectiv 7:3. Argumentul definito-
    rtu pentrlt s;tabrlilea apirrtenenle:r la unul dintre Se:Xs o mormintelr:r de inhumalre este prezentat de cd-
    tr{t e.\perl.l2la atttropoiolcii. De:terrninareiL se>iulur pe oasele incinerate este mult mai dificila qi din
    crttze c'Lriective ni,:i nu a fbst et-ectuatA. In ace,ste condilii, indicii pentru determinarea sexului incine-
    ra!rilor sunt fut'nrizati de invcntarul funerar, degi cliagnozele de sex rea]izate numai ?n baza acestui cli-
    tet'Lu sunt a.desea conte ;tabile (NicolaescuL-Flopq,rr, Wolski t975. 5-5). De obicei, in componenja in-
    vetttarului 1'unerar a [ut.llor mormintelor indrf,erent de sex sunt prezente vasele de ceramica. Specific
    nutnar l)r'ntru ce lrr'de birbali su,nt armele ;i pieserle de harnapamr:nt, i:rr pentru cele de femei, piesele
    dc podoabd. qi de toaleti, ustens,ilele caracteristicr: activitAlii lor cl: munci, in primul rAnd, fusaiolele.
    ln ace'liti;i tinrp. rtrcirnrr rtele de trdrbali nll sLlnt Iipsite qi de r.rnele piese de pocloabd (margele, cercei.
    brtrtiri. cttl,et'e). l:..t"11r rttc r-'elc'de t'emei surrt cunoscute;i lrornrinle care conlin al'me. Morrnintele
    inrenl.arul clrorit cstr: constitiul exclusiv din c:eramicd nu pot furniza nici un indicru in determinarea
    rse.xului, lrlorrninr:ele-cenotal', amenajate in mr:m,oria unor luptitori ciizr-rfi departe de comunitate, in
    ,3prnia speciirli:1t.ilr:rr, rrrlul,rr Lrnol persoiLne adulte de sex mas,culin (Nicolaescu-Plop;ior, Wolski
    i9'/5,55,75.1(,: I'l.lrrlttrcxas l')7-5,89; Kr)BraHeHKo i981,7.1; \rasilir:v 1980,38--39; Kosnarieuro u
    ,rp. l98t), :]5).
    l-ln alt parirrrnetru, care in condiliile neefectuarii analizie antropologice a oaselor calcinate.
    poate avea r,'aloule dc ctitr:rir, pentru defirrtrea sexului celor incinera{i este specia de anrmale,
    paLrfrle ci.rora au fclst ccpLlse in mormint: in calitate de ofrandaL de carne. Tot odatd, diagnostica-
    rea sexului in bazr oas lor cie la oli'anda,Je (larne, dat fiincl faptul cri in anumite zone preferrn{ele
    erar-r clil'er-ite. clcarsemc;rea,'intr-o oarecare mdsurd poate fi contestallila. In general pentru perioa-
    rJr lrall:;ta.ttianii * sciti :d tirnpurie este cilracteristic depunerea ofrandei de carne cu precdclere in
    mornrintele de rnaturi ;i mai rar?n cele cle copii. In cele de bdrba{i, determinate arheologic in ba-
    ;ra inventaruluri. din zona l\istr"ului de lv,lijl,cc sunt atestate atAt oase de animale de talie mare
    t.cal). ciit 5i de o',,icapl rle, porclne, lepuro (CrlupHona 1977,3!]; Idem lL)79.44; KpyrueJIbHL{IIKat
    l9r!)0, 140). Mormrntelc de birbali, determinate atAt antroPologsic ciit gi arheologic, din zona Nr-
    prului de lvlijloc conl'onri erpertizei pal:ozoologice confineau oase de cal gi de bovideu
    ('14[:rsnHcr..as 19,/5, 8!).'vezr rellertonul ltt p. 17.,27,32,31,41,47; KonnaHeHKo 1981,7), in cele de
    l'enrei - cie clvrca.prin,e (l4rr,uHcxas 1975, lt5,2E;,43,45). Tolodat:i irr mormAntul de barbat din tu-
    mrrlul ll1rlr 61s la "Kc,nstantinovl<a erau depuse oase de ovicapline insolite de un cLrfrtag cie frer
    (Ul:rrnHcr,:as l9'l/5. 30), iar ?n cel din turnulul ji19 de la Guljaj Golod, de rind cu oasele cle cal,
    sunt atestate gi oase de ol'i,;aprine gi porcine (Ibidem, 17), cel l'eminin din tumulul 330 din ace-
    iagr loc;:rlitate, cr:,n!inei oas,) dc bclvidee rgi de cal (Ibidem, l7). Situalie aproximativ similard este
    atcr;tal,d:;i in necrr:rpole le plane a grupulur sc,itic din Transilvania, urnde in mormintele cle bdrbali
    se depune,a carne: rJe bc''lidee, iar in cele,le fr:mei de ovicaprinr: (Vasiliev 1980, 50-53). In necro-
    polele turnulare rl,: incinerurlre tracice tArzii din zona Carpalilc'r mr:,ndionali, atit in mormintele
    de barbali clt qi r:I: fenLei, cu preferin{d se depunea carne de pasdre. In acelagi timp, in morminte-
    le cleternrinate arxtropo ogic, de barbali, de riind cu oasele de paLsdre se gdseau;i oase de animale
    de talie rnirre gr dc ovi :aprine, iar cele d,: fe.mei - oase de ovir:aprine qi de bovidee (Nicolaescu-
    Pl,f,p$or, Wolski 1975, l-ab. nr. 8,16,17).
    69
    \l-olulyr[I. '\tt -/------_-- --
    Il,acorclareii rerlrtatilor tumulii necropoleri de la Trinca la paramettii relevanli in detefmina-
    r1in
    r3a s,::xulLli perrnit urmdr.oarel,: consta.tdri; conform expertizei antropologice tumulul
    nr' III ctln{ine
    de 1.2, respectiv l8-21 de ani' in-
    L.n m,lrmr11t cJe inhurnalie a Ll.ri indivizi de se:x. l'eminir in v0rstir
    de ovica-
    solit de r,'3se Cle cet'amice, nriirgele cle r;ticld' cercel ;;i ace cle bronz, p'l:ecum qi de oase
    i'n vi'std de 40-'15 cle ani, insofit de vase de cera-
    tr,rin.,;turnulul nr. l,y' - un rnxtur de sex masculin nr' II, expertiza an-
    inicii, rn5rplic[ <le siticlii pi, oa:;e cle miigiiruq clorrLestic q. de ovicaprine; turnrr]ul
    l'r'ase de ceramicd' mdr-
    troprologrcir a restLrnlor schr:le tului ne fiincl efectuat[, in baza inventarului
    cli, rnarqica de lut itrs;) care nu conlinea afmc) sau piese cle harnarqament,
    poate fi conside-
    rSrcii rtc st
    rat l',::nrintn; tumu,lul nr. I, ciLl'e reprezintd o incineralie incompletd, in
    traza inventarului care de
    linr] cu c,3ramica, c:iter,'a pie'se de podcab[ 9i un cullti.; de fier conlrnr: vilfuri
    de sdgeatii de os qi
    de tolbi" esl.: cle b,irlbat: aceiagi allartenenta are;t mormdnturl cenotaf
    din acest tumul' insotit
    cd reprezinta un mor-
    'ie:;c c.[,: lbovic|:,u, precum 9i cel din tT rnulu]tnr. iII, clcar din cclnsiderentele
    rle.;lLse
    rnint sirnbolic i:l ullLlj lurptdtol ciizut in depdrtare
    Dete rrninar.ea ,,c^.,ii-,i pentnr incineraiiile cle tipul
    tl din tumulul nr. 'y'-.'LK' in lipsa datelor exper-
    iisp':crtlorcleanimalepargile
    lizerantr,.rprrlogirce,poatefi rzttljzatdctoarinbazapieselrrdeinventarqi
    rnomtZintul din tumulul nr' VI
    rlirrlra a1 fsst crlepr.rs;c in calitlrte de ofranda de carne. Ce rt feminin este
    ,'ns.!it cl* \,ase, fusarola, pie,se d,: pocllabl (rnarg:le cie srticld, pandantiv <le os), obiecte de t0aletd (ta-
    va,J0 grc,rjr(:, gran*le cle ocru) ofianciri." .o.n.1picior 1e
    ovicaprind depus;intr-o strachina)' Eventu-
    cu Vasele de ceramtcf, c;onttne
    rl, dr: se:t ferniLnin oste ;;i nlorrniniui clin tumulul nr' VII' care de riind
    rrstensile de fier:'
    I fusaioliL, ptese rJ,,: pocloabii (miirgele dc:;ticld, cercel qr ac de bron;z) 9r alte deoarece in inventerrul
    Dial,inoza cle s,,:x a mornrintelor din tumului nr. \'gi
    VIII este dif iciliL,
    dr: sticla, res;pectiv' vlrful de
    lor p,redrlrnini cer.a.rniclr, iar cu!itul ije fier inr asocierer cu mafgelele
    ,ce sticl[, sLnt atestate atat ilr mlrmintele de bilbali'
    ciit
    sdg;eatd,Je trr.onz in asociere cu margelele
    gi in celt,: d,3 ft:mr3'1"
    cr't preciderr; clill vase cle ceramicf, 9i do-
    N{orrrLlintul dln turriulul rr'. IX, irlventarul ciirula constd
    cu clrtituclirre la unul din sexe, in acelagi
    ar crrlud rnargere r1e strcli,clers,smenea nll poate fi atlrlluit
    timp, apart,:nen1a lr.rr la sexul i'eminin este mai vr:rosimtli'
    Anrp,lasitreal.umulilorittce,drulnec:ltlpolei.frinca..DrumulFeteqtilor'',infuncliedesexatestao
    ozil-ccal-er g,ft.tplu'e I mormintelor in incinta
    necfopolei' Fartea ei de norcl-'rest constd atAt din mormtnte
    rncineralli, paqil]rlo sau cOmplete' cenotafe'
    de birrbilqr, cdt qr: cie f'emei, rel]rezentate prin inhumalii.
    efectuate cOnf0Lrn incrneraliei in afara locului
    cea de s;ur1-est, cu prrecideLc dtn morn,irtte d,: lernei
    depuse pe o'izo.tul solului antic' situalia
    amcnajd.ii tur'ururui, resturire ciner.re gi inventarLrl fiincl
    eviden{irrta. in par.tea d,: surr.r:st a necr.opolei.
    permite sa presupunem ex.i:;tenla obiceiului aplicarii
    separat de ?nmormantare'
    nnuj ritull <leoselrit Ia f,emei l;i depunerea lorint,r-un l':<;

    It'tcnrteRe

    1a Trinca pre:zinrir si'ilitudini pronunlate


    cu
    Anriiliira el,ectr.ratii crernrlnstreazd cdt, necropora de multe din-
    ce]e mai
    ci'itireie [umularre halLstattit:ne tirzir/sr:itice tinrpurii de laDundrep?n6lalr'lipru'
    bairinul Nistrului Mijlociu qi De-
    funerare clin
    trc clenrr:ntere cirracter.rstice rru paralere rn comprexere
    presiLinea R*rd'ti. zond popr-rlat[ de cc,munitiiliie
    grupurui podolian rje vesr ricrrrlrpuona 1990"24-31;
    (Ignat 2000' 3l'-\-34'+).
    i(p.;,,,'e.rsrrn,r,,,,u' 1990, i5i-rsz) sau podolian-molclav
    Trinca "D'rijmui Feteqtilor"' compa-
    Coi:Lstl.Llcliile;r practicile funerale ateslate in ntrcropola
    de tip pod'clian de vest' atesta 5i unele
    ratil cu,lsle caf i'r'cteristice cbiectivelor funerare tumulare
    in care L,::stu'ile cinerare 9i in'entarul
    trir;ituri cleosebrte. -Sprecific ul consti in prezenia turnulilor cre piatr[ $i pdmint; utilizarea
    se iniIral cu o nrrviri]a de parnint, ruprap's6 de mantaua
    rJe piatr[ pentru efectuarea
    o'ale r:le, cltnrensitrnr mart, arnplasale la p:riferia mantalei
    'copr0i.e.Lr
    gropilor
    morrnintr:lrrr-..,0,r,t"1; pred.nrinarea incinet"aliei
    d.f :nc!ilor in afara' l.cului inmormintarii qi de-
    pLtilerei.t restLiriirtr cinela,re, 9i a inlentirrului
    ,li.a.t p'e solul antic; pl:ezerl[a in tumuli a doul gru-
    jar altul in afara ei; obiceiul depunerii o-
    pr.rri de rnventar, unul acrc,lrei'it de manlaua cle pittitd,
    rnr:nlionate sunt de tradilie
    fi.andelor ultcnr.rr. efer:tuiiri inmormint.irii et,:. Toate caracteristicile
    Itlr Rclisln Arheok'picu. Scrie rror,i

    hallstaltianS, cu trrarale le directe in necr,rpo)ele grupului l-rallstattian t?r'ziLr Ferigile-BArse$ti. Ca-


    racteristici estc gi llorrderea limitata a elernentelor proprii grupului pdolian de vest, de origine
    scrittcd (amenajri:ca construc!iilol de lemn gi piatla la nivelul orrzontului antic, ulterror arse; incj-
    nerarea. ciefunct.ilor pe solril antic sau in in construclii de supirafatf,, pe locul ndicarii vrirorului
    [urnul, incinera{iile incrrmprleto; numdrul mrc de morminte care conr!in arme gi piese de toaleta in
    inr entar't Iipsa pieselor executate in stil anirrralier).
    -[ipu1
    de nl()t'lJ]nert, condilrile topografice de amplasare, modul de dispunere a tumuhlor, struc-
    tura nrantalelor, lipurile constru.ctirlor sepr.rlclale, practicarea biritualismului, elementeie complemen-
    tar,: de rituiLl, inventiLrrrl l.compronenla, nod de amplasare) demonstreazd. ci Plator.rl Moldovei de
    Ncrd era p,opulat 1ri pc'loada hallstattiandlirzte rJe aceleiaqi conrunitiili ce locuiau zona Nistrr-rlut de
    Mijloc gi D)epre,;iuneii Fl6dduli. Inovaliile inte,rvenite in ritul gi practi,:ile funerare, oficierea (prelua-
    rel) unor noi obrir;r:iun rituaLe, depunerea in nrorminte in calitate de inventar funerar a unot seturt de
    piese de rtrigine dive:t'rsi sint ur indiciu privind caracterul mixt erl acestei populafii. De asemenea. se
    ertdenlia;za astl'r::l ,loi.ltictele conrunit5lilor locale cu gmpr-u'i de populalie din diferite zone ale spaltu-
    lui carpatcr-duni.rean pe de c, parte, gi cu cele,C,in silvostepa nold-pclnticd, pe de alta.

    Btettocnane

    Bi:rciu (ir.lrrr;;a 19-(i(r: D..Elt:crru,, E. ('omqa, Sdpdluril,o ar'freologice de lt Balta Vetde gi Gogoqu (1949-1950). l'{CA Il.
    195(i, 2:'i 489,
    Cirlitoiu, N{lrcior. N,{i.uirroiu l! ll,/:. Cih. C'alatoiu,I. Mocic.ri, !'. \4arinoiu, MdrlLlii arheologice in Goli (Tirgu-Jiu i987).
    Chtrchc,t.tlvy:;ki/I98:ii:i'Chc,chcrrori,ski,DieVeker.zug,-Kul-tul..,Charakteristikder.Ftrnde(\\/irr.szalva.K
    lgnlt 1!)7(r: \{. Ilrnut. Decul'cr t,:s CLr Hallstalt thrace dr.nr; le depofiement de Suceava. Thraco-Dacica I, 1976, 99-108
    Ignrrt 11)78: \{. Illnat. l\ecr,rpt lir tunular'fr hallstattiand O. ,. y6lov51-Dealul llurlei. Sucertva V, 1978. 107-140.
    Igrr;rt 20(,X): ],4. Ignilt. Un rLuve;ru gl1)lrpe culturel ci.u halh;tatt taldif sur le rcl-ritoire de la Roumanie. Stuclia Antiqtra et
    ir\rchrtrrlogica \ril, 2fiX r. -i3 l -344
    lgnirt1000l:N{.IgniLt,I.unet.ll.1'r.ileandrjtualin
    I:r:r dans le Sucl-Est oe I l:etuope. ,\ctes du IJ-e (lollo,lue Internationirl cl ,\rcheologi,que Funeraire. Tulcea, 18-24 septembrie
    l!)95 ( l'ulcea lrl,Dll), :21! .

    Lelitkrl,.)9:jlo'Levl1t:r,]rrt.t::;tigatileiithetllogicede,l;t.flinca,
    ar"ia nctd-tlacI (Bucu r:Sti l'i)95), 241-218.
    r:.i)

    Le,ritki li)!)(r: ()Levilkr,


    bi-I.krn-rp,lex in N,,littel-rurd Sticiosteufopa. Kolloquiun.r in Dlobeta-Turnu,severin (7-9-Novernbel 1996) (Bucarest 1996)' 165-
    193.
    [-e,r.itki 11)9]' O. Lo\ i1ki, Ens,enrbles tumulailes d'epoque ]{allstattienne en Moldavie. Prernier age du fer aux bouches du Danube et
    cllns le,s ie11ion5 alrt'ru1 r,l : lir N4el Noire. Actes du Colk4ue lnternational (Septernbre 1993, Tulcea) (Tulcea 1997)' 149-i80.
    Ler'itki 2f0: O LeVi1f.i,
    fc,r'nrs :rf criltullii identitl. (Blilnze a.rrd lron Ages).,Atrs;tracts (Tulcea 2000t, 38-.19.

    evllii. Ornagiu F\rlesorr iur Gheorghe Postic6. (Chigindu:2004), 76-82.


    Ler,itki 200-l-r: Cr. [-e,r, jtki, Ap ulenenla culturalh a necropo|:i tumulare hallstatriene de la Trincr, Jud. Edinef. Memciria Antiqvitatis
    XXIII. 2t104, :l()')--192.
    Leritki..I.IaheuL99ii:(),I-errtki.\..Haheu,$antier.ular.heoltlgicTrinca(Republjc:aN{crldova)
    arhtt,lrrgice in lriiL norcl- ilac:ir (tI) (Bucure$ti 1997), l(,1-212.
    (Chi$i-
    I_eiitki,, llefLeu 1999 O, Leyi ki V. Hah:lr. Necropola halls,tattiand tirzie de la Giur,giulegti . Studia in honorem Ion NicLrlila
    niiu l9!)!)). l2 1." I -''4.
    Morinrz 19,5i: S lvtor-.intz, Siil 'ritutilede lrr BirseEti (r"e;1. Galali, r. Vrancea), N'I(lA III, 195'1"219-225.
    fvlorinr:r l9-59:S Mplinlz, Slpinrrile de lir B?rsegti-Vrancea (r. \/rancea, reg. Galafi), 1\4CA V, 1959.355-361.
    lvlorinrz l9-5!)a: Ij. N4oriiru, Si lrirturile de: la Birsegti ( r. Vrancea, reg. Gata{i), tg4
    \/I, 1959'231-235.
    IUorinrr19Cl:S Morintz,Siil 'ritulilcdelaBirsegti (t'.'y'rancea,reg.Gaia{i),MCAVII, 196,l,20l'-206.
    vechi
    Nicolaescu-.plop;or., lr/glski | )75: D. Nicolaescu-Plopgor, W. Wolski, Elemente de clemografie qi ritual funerar la popLrlafiile
    din Ilcrninia (i:lr.rcureqtr I 975),
    panlucz I9-5-5: NI. PaLrijucz, l.e ,:rmeliere hallstattien de, Szentes-Vekerzug IIL /\cta r\rhaeologica VI, I-4, 1955, 1-22.
    pc,pescu, \,ulpe 191312:: Ii. Pope scu, .A,. Vulpe, Nouvelles ,lecouvefies du type Ferigile. Dacia N.S. XXVI, I-2' 1982'11-114.
    SuLlrmirsk.i 193,6: T, Iirlrniirsk . Scyt,rlwe na zachodnieln Po'JoltL (Lwow 1936)'
    Vas;iliev l!)ii0: \'. \'irs,iliev, ,Si ilii agrrtirgi pe ter"itoriul l(ominiei (Cluj-Napoca 1980).
    yr.rlpe l9(r'7; y'.. Vulpe, Neclrrll,rla hlrllstattiand de la Ferigib. Monografie arhe<llogicii (Bucure$ti 1967)'
    yrrlpe, p6pe:sc:u l9i'). A. \/u pe, E. Popescu, Contritrutiorr a la connaissance des Cebuts de la culture ceto-dacique dans la zone
    Subcarpatique Vilcearr\ 'geg (l,a nec:ropole tumulaire ,Je f igveni), Dacia N.S. X:VI, 1912' 7-5-i I l.
    i .lrirr" - 1-l':: l- -
    ltacy y cepeaHbol'ly
    Nlereir' Ai)c-rllta)Ke'Htl x'vpnluie cNi'fcrroro
    'I'U&rl. I-\ua.j
    . vier:ii i1)!)8: r\.o. r'ytti,-,t, B.A. I'yu,ar, B.tl.
    l]D.lHiC'lp0B,l.I}cti:,,\p,rcrl,tofnt|IllB.,r.h.phrrra}.tpairil997.l998pp.(ltlriel998),7.1-75.
    (vll-Vi BEr' ito I rt (lirres i975)'
    rrtfln".,6;,tcceitHal' l-"*un
    [,irsrrn,:xas ]!)75 Il.,\. l.l.:ri,uH*:arr, Partlecrtr$cru.
    t,:Ieper,rl()86:1-r'I,1eperl'Cxttd,cril'tiiIl(|tllC..I*no,'n.,u,iiBeurtlttIt.I}rtt:ApxeolorllBenrp,lll
    I lbtcq't,i.;le'rtIe H.:r. I (\4ocHea i913{r)' 169-187 (i(rLee 198 I )'
    Bper4e rtt e Saccet-tue p' Pocs'
    (r.rBilaH€HKo, f :\'FrfaHbl palttteuxrtdlcrol'0
    KosnaFteHK0 198 1 : t'.'l .
    Iiognartettxtlr,rlp'l.9ti):t-..|.Koglatregxo.C.C.E:cc0rt0szL.(]A'(]xopurir,fIaltltuti'xucxt,rtpcrioirrnoxllnenp
    peruon) (KHee 1989)
    .il(lcocl€,nr{oro I\raeo6epe;xur (}irrerro-9epl:acr:xttit i ? nreMeHar{l'l
    fJ.rnr*ri 3 cxrnHoi
    nrp\reHa*,r.r CxrrHoi t
    lipvucnunurlrxa l.9t:,: ":t.t.'X:pyu,annHliubKa, B:aevto:sq:xt{ Hace,leHHt [Iprrxapnarrlr
    l J,e Hrpa,,rsnoi [:epr:'tltt (pviiiN enox 6pou:tl.r-sa-nira) (Krrie 1985)
    H p\'ru,:.rrrttrrlr.eLq 990: 1
    (pou:a tI patlHee xeJle3o ) (Krree 1990)
    (rHeo:rrrr'
    s,i; {pr::e cuor-rrr ) lplrxapnaTuR, {:}O:rstult u ilaxapnarr,r
    -'[egt.l.t.iItf:]:(X).+:O.I-.'tellLtuxtlii,
    c5:Mirrt:pil,urtIK'crrrpcpettuii'.[l1lo(i-rrelrrrt:xr(lo-caprtll l{puvrl'}lI 1l}anopiNx:r 200'1)' 152- t57'
    ,rHfl Hlr{lo)*reHLrrrr tj, rvr. l-pax.nii).
    crapoxrrrHoc'ri c'erro'o'o flpruopHolvop'n i
    Jlesttttl'ittti.
    ]]ie,qe3FlC|I.0Be]ia\,c,.l.pnrlxa',An-rirr.ttlMuzeuluiNer{ionaldelstt.rril:aMoldtlr,eiI'1992,95.1()7. HaqiIJIe xeJle3Hofo
    u llpnxapnarlf B KoHlre 6por-r:onoro -
    l,.lajei:s tglijl n.Fl . lilzurees. li4croplin u.teNreH 3ana:uoir ''cao,,tuH
    r,rexou. ,a.nrr'l1te(ti:1lar rltc,:. Karlil lt(:1"
    nayx (Kucn l98l)'
    Kc]l4l4MK 5l' 1953' (r0-73'
    fl.r,rrrsrrx' .nru1,*oro ,p.r,.", HiL Cpe.tueu [r-re:crpe
    lfle.q,oKoBa l!r5.rr ,A.14. \/le,rmxosa, ll0ruecrpoars Ml4A cccP 64'
    .nri1,.no.,i Brle[{er,r] r..o.t.n"o.o cpe,rH':ro
    H. Nle'rr'r(oB', Illlrsrulrxr.r
    rr4e;rr.xona r!)5S: ,A,

    l95E' :;-102 cr':rtl eaponei-'tcxol:t 'tacfl't ccCP e


    { --'^'-'\no t'"
    lv,le.r.Htxoea t()39: .ar.tr"t lr'Ie:lnKoea'
    rr'lrnn6n:rr nal'lflrHI{KII B cponHei-n Enpone B lln:
    (-lrlr']too6palHt'le

    *',,:;l|,i;J"ilT,l;;::i:[].]11[l;]j-'i],i];,ill].-rt|poo6pa:Hrlti,K)i,1brpblj]ecocTent1I]or:r.oquoitl1nponrr.
    (Mocrna 1989), (17.80-
    apeltn
    |)Bpo|]l]iil]Kol'i .tac,rtl rl--CC.P s cxIr.|lo-caplltlTcl(O(]
    [lort.0t;lI.li990:I,l.!]tIlonontrq'IIlttlt:arHirnuKVuragoglru'll:,i1{:]'3l".Bc6:Apx'ec,.not.unflptlrapnarsr.Bo'nutrrlll
    (KHe s l990)' 157-162'
    Saxap:rli-run {')Heo-rllt'l . iifroH3il llpaHHee;xcJle3o) ct'$ll'(Krree
    pr.arr IV-in sB.,rloH.3 y c. Bo6oeoe r 3u.upnor,o.. B c6: Kl',pr-aHst c'ensoii
    flo'.arr.r li!)!)l: t.l. l,l. [[Drroerrq, F.1

    ,'",'.,],;1l'io,!19i.'lo,'o,','.Kyiura:cltlut1bKarp.\/fIarIav,f,l.ox.Bc(i:[laNlq'rKtlf?bLUTi1Tl
    rpr i Ilprrrr'r'rr (Kr'rie l9'9'l)' 250-2E6
    J1,Hic
    (lirrie i99tJ)
    Cropirr'i tqr)O C'.,i1 Clroptlt"'r. I(1 prarrllcpen'xrttxa
    i')99: C.,^,. (l,t;;;;;i' (';t'ttp"iiu'' n ly'rilariHcxoii 1999)'
    Cnopt,tir ",:t"t]:i]l.lTtlee
    Cur.rpHonal)68:t'.il.criurpulaa.P,tr:ronxttK-\pmHoB-vce;rl(pyutrxrt!'o.littuRHr'tnaEyxrlattHeAcr3l0'1968't4-27'
    Crrtrt1rHouaD1,1:|'|1.Cvt,tprucea.K1prlruHrti-tuol.,,"-,,nu*poHHecr..".|.cno,oup.,,.nuyie,ra'l1o.rrll
    xapaKTeI|y paHHr,ocxi$cr*tlx 'lai\,''flToK
    no6lury cir [o;tttunutt.
    CltltpHoeil ,.977a1 I-.1- ()lttrpuoira. lJiolo^nr1c,ni]Jlb}IoI..o
    Ff os,rc,"-lett. ljr-loycierrt Aps:eorot'iR 23' 1971
    '3-I0'
    Crtt't1lrtoeaI979:l-.l,1'Clrttrprtooa,I{.11lrausrr.,.n..IIepe6bIK|JB)lbI_l]cBbtittutorl,I,tsHtx

    .-,,,l.l}.i1,,,!.j,,i.I.'i'l]l,,i'n-.1J',,.,.',,,,,.un
    Crrtt1:lttonal!)80:li,1(-r,,rllpuoaa.Ijrce:,reutteCp.:lHeioI1oAHec'rp<rebgeVI-VBB.,lO|[.
    Ii-iet.]orrgreslntetrrationalcl,:f|rraccllogie,:l.L{]Septgmlrrie,Ructrest,BucureEtilgS0,2.]5-:25i'
    Ctltttpnonlrl982:t..t'1.Cut,tpnc,na.3txpuIruterrp;acttrtscrtHeK0I\,lt1IeKcblyceJ1af|Hecr.prolxa-II1-xa',{peaHtle|!N1fTHI1Kl1
    K)'Ibn,rpbl flil rerllllloFrlll't CC(il)
    ("leHnHrpa:i 1982)' 30-52
    6rceeiiue Cnenuer.c, Jlne,
    Cirlllpnoeal()90:I..|1..i]vttpHoea,'K1uurypno-uC;11'lpt1qecKueipuec(ble6acceliHeCpe.l'ttec,
    yuenuoii crenetlll aoK'I' ncr' Hayx ;Kuea 1990)'
    Brll.r13 1brcflrr,-,.[e.uri,r .[o rr.l. f{r,rcc:epraunr "o.,,,r,.nrunri H xporo,roFr4r naMrrHt'tKoB KyutraHostlu-
    cui.rpHor,eL. [ie'rr:rxoruu r965: I-.Lr.
    cn,npnoru,'r<.s. B.p"'*o'rv, IlpoucxoxAeHrie
    rr:icrpi Apxeorori naNl'nrK'l
    nel,eacxi lcr,xoro qacy r{a cpe,rur,ovy
    *lll;;,lli;il1:f"l;::,tfi];].t-,i3Lt;,1,?;1j;';,",",,-
    " lloc"rirNeuHq Klpr-&HHCfc ril('|f''lbHllK^ nepeacxi(rcr'xoro
    qacv
    rr,, ,^u"l;;rl,lX;,lL];,;,];ttl;rt: r F. Iloexonqr'
    E^
    -l^ Y:YT"''
    Ha rl-eperlHr,o*'r1' l.[rricqri. Ap;ii:'uorin
    vtI' ]952' 89-109'
    rp:,,,rr.rf,{ Ir cd: }4r'r, apxeorornqecKr'rx 3Kcflerr
    lIlr'rrrHl989:!l.6'l-[-[r,rurt,Cr:ltt,celoHoBc.1aBfHo-capl'larcxoir3KcIe']1,tul,lrl.IJc5:}4rurrlapXeoIornqecKl,IX3KcIleJtuHl4
    (IletlturP;r.r 1989)' l0:l- t l'1'
    Oleg, Levilki'

    lttstirrrrurtreArlteorogiesiEnngrrLJie,Act,rrernia:le$tiinpe,Rapublica'Moltlova'
    'tr. 14irt'oltolltL,t Bri,r,',""8o'toitti"'t''" 3:i' l'ID-2()t2'
    Clisitritrt' Reptblit:t Moldot'cL
    Totiana Derrrcettc:o,
    rtcatretrtiu de ,ltihrle, Republica 'r4oldot'a'
    !ttstitrrtu! rrt,Ar.rrcorogie,si Etuograftt:,
    j.s, ll4D'n]2, Chisinau, Reprtblica Moldov'a
    s*. NIitropolitul Ba,,ulescri'B;ois111\1r,"
    "i ic17. Scrie
    ;/.
    ------liqlgq -Arhteb

    Cor{"nreuTu Nor LA cRoNOLocrA ptESELoR METALIcE


    C ARAC'IERIST'IC E B RONZU LU I TARZIU CARPATO.NISTREAN

    Eugen Ug;urralu, Chiginiiu

    t,ttrisuttt('0,,IStit||ile.:l,.ttc1it,''

    (|c|'|',0('].0|t0'lr.l;qtcit.'t,ttt,u|

    :\:/)olt:).to,atlu,.\rt?)x:(.)\.' I:l{'--r.', ,no l)'.:iut's:e) u.tu lvlDll--S'llll (no.Yeutc.:rxt).

    'l-ltt'ttrtrt:l'c

    Il ta : t'ttL:lt t t.ut(,t us nrelal

    r:,.-llrronolopt lte,rtt,eut ]l('-Il,l ':r.fier Rei,reke) ot AIDll"-SDll lufte r Hattscl).

    Drntle elaboriirile c()nsacratrl cronologiei cornplexelor' gi pieselor rnetalice apar{inAnd bronzuiui


    tii.u:ir-r chn s;patiLrl (:arpat( -nistrean. cele mai irLportiinte sllnt c,]ntribu{iile lLri M. Petrescu-D?mbovi1a,
    ciurl alLL ca s;ubi,:,lt des.)lperirile est-carpalrce (Pr:trescu-Dimbovita l9-53; Idem 1960; ldem 1964:
    Iclenr l9'7'7), Si contlibut,le lui \/. Delgacev (,L(epra.res 197-5: Idern 1986; Idem 2002), care cuprind
    c|:scoperirile, clin iitlerflr.r i iul,\jstlu-Prut.
    Conlor"m acest.c)t'a, clt,scolrcdrile est-calratice aparlinind bronz.ul tdl'ziu, au fost incadrate in seda
    I{ii;e5tr-Eiiileni (Pctr,:sclr-[)inttrov:l'a l9JJ,2l), iar:omplexele gi piesele izolate drn brcnzul tirziu din
    irrtcrfluviul f{istlr-rL-Prul, :unt rlelinritate ?n grupa cronologic5 l.ozol'a-Miindregti (leprauen 1915,75).
    ,,\mtreler s;clreme, iu.l ca sr.tp,olt cronologic schr:rna orizonturilor de depozite din Transilvirnia (Rusr-r 1963),
    ir:r prinlul ciul, soriil ltiiqc;ti-Bileni este sinc::crnr:ratii cu seria Uriu-Domdne$ti $i este datatd in perioadzi
    l3rD (sec XIII a.Chr'. ) ([),:tre sc'u-Dtnrbovifa )977 ,2q), iar grupa cronologicd Lozova-Mindregti este sin-
    cronizard cu seriile est-ciul)atice Llmi-Liteni-lligeni gi seriile Ufiu-Domdn,r$ti $i Cincu-Susenl, fiind incii-
    clr'ariir perrrcradelor IlrD-Ha,'t 1 (sr:c. XIII-X[, piirjial XI a.Chr.) (,{epra'lee 1975,7]).
    in plan cLrltLrral, arii: seria Fl[;egti-Balr:ni ,(Petrescu-DAmLrov'il:a 19tJ7,30) ciit 9r grupa Lozor,'a-
    1\llnclrcgtr ,lu f'os;t r,;incrorrizato cr. cLrltura Noua, evidentirndlt-se in cadrul ambelor serii douir grupe de
    dr:p,ozite. lJlmi-Lite,ni-[-,)z,ov,il (l]rD sau sec.,'(III a.Chr.) qi Iligeni-Nliindregti (HaAi sau sec. XII
    ir.Chr.') (,i{epraueu 1986. 1.70).
    De nren{ioni,rt cA sci cmele tlacli{ionale consracrate pteselor metillice din bronzul tdrziu din spaliul
    r,:irr1r.rt<r-C,unf,re1n rllLr-rsLr r<)Sl; Petrescu-Dimbovt\a 1977) gi prin intermer1ittl acestora qi cele din norclul
    lvlairii Negrc (l{ep,ur,rx \t]6, 152 I53: Bodkarev', L,eskov 1980,68-135; lleprauee 1975,76-71) au fost
    t.ilpr:)ufa{s la sr:herna cfon() {lgicii al iui Mtiller-Karpe ,iMi.illef-Kaqle 1959), elaboratd pentru zona alpind.
    Adoptirii I'Aliltezer',3 i-l clotlologiei absolute a schemei lui H. MLiller-Karpe pentru realitdlile ar-
    heologice din spafiut carprato-dunf,rean i s-a oLrjectat?n mai multe r"lndLn'i, argumentul princrpal con-
    sten(J in 1'aptul cir legiturite clintr,: Egeea gi Carpali sunt mai scurte dec2Lt acelea avute in vedere de H.
    lVIUlter'-Kar-pe cu EiElrptu,. Sicilia r;i Italia piinil'n sudul Germanrei (Hlinsel 1976,45). Rezultate con-
    clu,Cente ir acest ij,ens 1ll fost. oferite de anafiira pieselor metalice din bronzul tdrzlu de pe teritoriul
    13ulgariei (Llr3pHrnrll 1978,254-261). Analogiile egeice drn unele complexe din acest teritorirr gi anali-
    aa
    't'oltnr ul L A'r. I
    fc,carului metalurglc Dide-
    za r:il)olollico-cornbinatc)rie au s,los in evidenla necesita ea datdrii apafiliei
    i,. rii u f.rrmclr:,r rnetalice spct:if ice bronzului tlrzir.r la I)LrnArea cle Jos incepiind cu secolul al XV-lea
    11.flirr'. (L{epnsrx 1.978, 259)'
    a fost
    Evidenlierea sincronisme l,or focaruhri metalui"gic l)idevo cu flociu'ttl Ingul-Krasnoma.iack
    urrnirtd r:le o coLr,31fire cronologica srnrilarli a. clebutulrri bronzulLrr titritiu 5i
    in nordr-rl Mirii Negre
    (Llepuuri. t98l , 2'5 ).
    analogiilor din arla ege-
    .,Dilr:r:!r1 egctca" es;te cle,;:r,rtltata gi Ce, V. Klodko, cit urmal'e a eviclenttLeni
    (Kloiko 1995'
    ica in cilclru[ (]omplcxelor lilr:alului Dir:evo, c;At ;i in r:adrul focarului Krasnomajack
    este efcctt-tati in concordan{A ct-i
    l.+,;).150). lJ;Ltarel. ;r sincrorriz:itrea c()txplcxelor acestol dor-id fociite
    par-iLlele cr6nglclglic,: eviclentiate, aparilia acestora frind
    plasatiin secolele )ivl-XV a'Chr'
    Acer:;tc rerrciiltl cle colrc,Ltire a cr()n,llLrgiei alrsolute al complexe
    lc,r metllrce din bronzurl tiirzlu de
    trltimii ani' carc au re-
    lii Dunrir:ea cle Jc,:i :ii cirn ngrciul Mdril Negre sunt susltrtute 9i de dr.tele 'utl clin
    ourolLsiatice (Tputfouos 1996:
    zllltilt o c.obt.x.iffer radicalir rr rj.onologrei a[tsolute a unei serii de culturi
    (Popa, Boroffkii 1996; PalincaS 19961 Idem
    Ider.n l9r!)r5a:, Irjenr l99,rlIdc)rn 2001) qi carpato-dundrene
    l0Cl2)'
    - Golliltan 19991 Siava
    20Lr{)t
    racliocart;onice au scos in eviclen{a;;i decalitjrrl cronologic
    semnif icatil'
    in aiiu.ii ct,: lccilsta, claterlc
    aie Eurasiei
    cie .l-,1 :recolc. irrtr.e apari{irr cclturilor ir mecliul SejnLino-Turbino,
    I'a{i de alte regitrni
    teritot'ial-crorrologice de celtuli
    (liourapen ,10(12, 115). i\c,er:;tii prernrz:d clt 9i amplasilrea grr.rpelor
    pcr;t Selrnin,r-.furbino in Europa cle Est gi cle sud-Esi, ir
    timp ce in Er-u'opa (lentrirld 9i de Nord lipsesc
    V'S'Bodkareysarnfrrme
    protottpurile:lociileinpellcaijelecep.ege,lapaliliaceltlrilor--i-aupermislr-r
    con,.:eptel: cir-igrrrrr .onr,r,r[a,,,,,e a celtul-illrl in Europa.
    Conform modelului l)ropus' rispAndlrei'r grupel
    Niprului lvlijlociu 5i Inferior in rr:giunile
    rer.ilodal-cr.'r:l.gice cic ceitr,.ri cie tip Lollojkcivka clin t,azinul
    constituirca connprle:tului Sarbtitinovka-Noua' a
    calpirtc,-Ilalcanice irr sccolelt: )(v-xlv a.chr., oclatd crr
    cle',tlrnrinlLl"saltulciLlitaljll;lii;rrrtitatir,all:rodr-tceriiceltrrilor.inacesteregiurriinsecolulalXilIa'Chr.,
    secolLri al ,KIl-lea a'chr'' la Dunarea Mi1-
    cclnstituird ir*c,:rllrli timp inrpulsur unui fenom,:n sinrilarin
    locie gi perl'eria csricii a EurrrJrci Centr^lc: (Eouxapen 2002,
    118).
    originea norcl-pont cir a apari{iei celtur"ilor in
    obse,rvalril: facurtr: cle l,.S;. Boik1rr:v cu privire la
    indirecte'
    ba;:iriul calpa1ic t;tutt cr-)tlfirnia1e cle lntrltiple dii1e directc Ai
    factur'5 rlsziriteanir - c:eltltt-i de tip L'obcr.ikovka'
    ln p,ri*ul rii'd trebuie nrcnfionat ca, artel'ac'tele cle excltisiv la est de
    SOs3f i clc ti' ,,sLublraja", r''rirlfuri rje litnc;e
    cte tractilie Se.mlno-Turbino q'a'' arplasate
    i989' fig' 6'6; 7'6; E'6; Chirica' Tana-
    car.pali (Dereaecv zooz, r'at. :il,B1:4C,C; 68,11+11;$aclurschi
    sachi 1gEi,l, lll2, tig:. g.g:10.-: ), in Mtrnreilia
    (Mc,rintz I',)l8,fig. 53), ?n norchlBulgariei (qepHr'rx 1978'
    rai:.,r. 40.8.10). coreleaza pc ,Jc o parte cu aicalul
    culttn'ii Noua qi grr:pul Coslogenl' iar pe de alta' au
    tiLrziu clin nc,r'clul lvlalii Negre, din etapa timputle
    a'rlogii,ir.r com'lexele cele nu trmpulii clln bronzul gcr-i0l )'
    a ,::llturit Sab;itinovka i.Bcldi<lLrr:v' Leskou'
    1980, 65-85; Leskov 198 1'
    id,:i, constrture cazul cultrttii Noua' Epicenn'Lrl inilial
    ce,l nra.i concluclent exenrplu in acelsta orclir,e de
    Basrrabiei ;;i Podiqurl vloljovei, unde sunt concentrate
    dc fonnare l lLceritci cultu-i e:ste plasat in norcl-r,es,tui
    inclusiv c:ele mai mari necropole a culturir Noua
    crlL3 miu rnullr: it,qeztiti ;;i ma,orilatea conrplexelor funerare, de
    (liilLr,'a ll0rl2, 226,t. i\nurne in it,leastd regiu,re es1,e
    rlunosctrti qi ce. mai numeroas[ 9i mai compacta grupa
    Tal'. 3i, B1; 4i)C; 6i], 44l l, $adurschi 1989'
    fig' 6'6;
    picse metiilice, clc facruri risl-itcan6 Q)ergadev 2002, in
    cescoPerite r:zolat cit qi in depozite' cu arraiogri
    7,0; 8,r:1; Chirici.i.'farrasachi 1984, 122,i'ig.9,S;t0,3),
    (Leskc'v l9til' 98)'
    cotnplc.trlle tirrnpr-u'ii ale: cultu-ii Sabatinovka
    reprezinta: sincroniz:rnele culturii Noua cu fa-
    Alr"e ar5;urnente in srus..in,erea celor men!:tonate
    rvvietenberg c-D. Montec'-r Ia-IIl' cu etapele trmpurli ale
    zeie f,i'rle rle cultut'tlor l(.marow, j'nceputu[:i culturli Noua piina
    au tr'ermis plasarea
    c,Lrltgrii Sabltirrovka gi cu Sirubna.Ja lit'zie,care
    la inci:putr"ri ser:c,luluial Xr/ -lea a.Cfrr'.
    (Sala tggg,l7; Idem 2002:"'227); rectificdrile cronologt-
    (Gerskovid 1999; Sava 2002); datarea actuald' in
    e,i abs.rute il c:omplexuriu,i sabatrnovrra-Noua
    cljn nordul Mtarii Negre 9i de la Dundre'a de Jos
    traza analogrilo[ egerce, al f,:rcare]oI rnetalurgice
    sabatinovrt<a,-\ioua; apartenen!a fondului
    (Firoir<o t995, 151.1, sincr.:nizarecu c:ompleiul curtural
    comurritiliL:r arhirice ponto-caspice'
    culturlLl cle baz:i iir comprt:xului curtural sabatinovka-Noua
    cum ar fi habitatul' ritul funerar (Sava 1998;
    ccnfirrnatf q;i cle analiza ^ltor categ.rii de materialt:,
    ldem 2]002: 2004).
    4y1p]og1c,i. Setie t;touti
    i1 -na!;g
    rlriginerr rzisdr-iteanii iL orizon{ulLu timpuriu de piese metalice din cadrul culturii Noua, este con-
    de tip Gher-
    f,ir.math;i cle evoluL{ia tipclogic:i al unor tipuri, cumr ar fi de exemplu selerele cll carlig
    rnrinr:ytr, clre au,:r,,:lur,t rh,n sccerele cu cirlig arhatce de tip Borodaevl':a
    ([epraues 1997,32; Der-
    celor menJional.e vine qi faptul c6 formele drirg-
    1*rcer 2002, l5-l). in a1'ari cle aceasta, in sustine,rear
    nostjce al brrnzulur tir:riri clin spirliul carpato-dundrean, celturile d,e,,ti1t tlansilvinean"
    (tipul Rugi-
    cLr clrlig.
    nolrsa), ,,r,arianta r'Sslritei nd I tipulur transilvdn,:an"(tipurile Rii$e;rti 9i Negreqti), secerele
    r;r,:ccr.,:le cu ,:loud orilicii ll ntiner etc., apar mai ?ntdi in mediul est-cal"patlc culturii
    al Noua, rhspan-
    rJi'du-se ulterior;i i1 T'ralsiivanir" odatd cu perrtetrarea in aceasti rr:giunea a purtdtorilor acestei cul-
    I.s1i ri,{epra.{ee 199)',ir,24-,:-};l)erg;rdev 2002,1313, 1,40-141,145-146, l52l-153).
    I.-lne,lc clrntre tilludle ,]nLlnierate, cum ar fr celtunle de ,,tlp transilvbnean"
    (tipul Ruginoasa). ,,va-
    riilnli,L risiniteand 1lipulr.i transilvdnean"(tipurile.RAqeqti qi Negrr:9ti)' cel
    mai probabil au avut ca
    celtr-rriXe clle tip l\ralyer Kopani, cLrnoscute dupd lorma cle tutnat rjin atelierr-rl
    de la NIalye Ko-
    nani
    'rot,rtipr (Boi1klrer,, I..,::skov 1980, lhf.4,39a) Ei descopenrile finite de la est de Carpali (Petresclr-
    i.rin-,bouilr i9r53. l'iig. 14,1 ;BuzduLgan 1970, fig. 2,:t; Iconomu, Chigcd 1994, fig. l'3)' In
    ceea ce pn-
    o fonnf, intermediard
    .,r,ari1nt,a r;rsirriteali a tipului transilvi,nean"(tipurile Riiqesti 9i NegLeqti),
    'cgte cu decc'r bogat reliefat (Dergadev 2002,
    prrrlr'bili.u fgst r:elturil: cu fafetrele arcoi<lale., Prevdzute
    -ttf .l l,B; Ilonornur llOt-)ll fig. 3,10).
    metalurgiei cultunt
    Ilste concluclerrtri in (cea ce Jrriveqte iegatura celor doui etarpe in dezvoltarea
    (Dergadev 2002, Taf' 3l'81-7)'
    Noua gi csrlponenl.a depro.zrtului rle la Hristrcr, clin noldul Basarabiei
    mlner, care reprezln-
    in cadiirl acestuia, rpr: lr)niri cetturile <ie tip Riiqegti 9i secerele cu do'ud oriflcii la
    se afla un celt cle
    tii tipuri clLagn6stri::,,: pent::,.r sefiiler tractilionale IldEeqti-Bdleni 9i Loilova-N1andregti,
    Vorona Nou6' la est cte
    tip l-obo.jl<6ukr,. ,r,,u.ieste aproape iclentic cu celturile similare desr:operite la
    Carpalr ($"rC'rschr 19E9, f ig. lB,6). ?n Bulgaria rigepnsrx 1978, ra6n'
    40 10), in bazinLrl Niprului Mi1-
    l'-rciu (-[e;leHOilKKI]rl t96 l" prlc' 8:i'1'2)'^
    'foate cele nrent.ionii d cleierrninh in ot.,,.lirrr de c
    qnfrr:rr rre
    staJiull actual cercetare necesltatea unei ine'rtabi le reac-
    apartiniin,cl bronzului tarzlu din spatiLrl
    rlrali:1ir-1 schemelr;r croirolog1ice consacrate pieselor metalice
    '
    cur'rrto-du.niirean-nordpor,Ltic raporlate la schema lui H. Mi.jller-Karpe,
    atiet a datelor absolute, cit qi a

    cglOt relatiirre'
    1- --:^.-..^^.^ +r,.A*-l ^,--r de rior+rc prezentate mal sus' tre5ule (Je
    rr,- datele
    in,:eea ce pri',,'cqte, spaltul calpato-nistreanL. linAnd cont ^rezr.nf,
    tirnprurii pie se rnetalicc apa(inand epocii bronzului tlrzir"r, sunt de origine risdri-
    cr.nsiat,t ca. cerle rn;ri
    purtitorilor tradlliilor culturale
    r::a'ii $i i;i fac apr'ri!ia j'n acesrjeritoriLr odatri cu penetrarea gi stabilirea
    cultural sabatinovka-Noua-
    clin .nord,-rl N4iirrr l\egr.c carc au stat la ba:za constituirii compl:xului
    ac:este piese sunt reprezentate de cel-
    Coslogeni (liouxapen1Of,.Z,l.l5-., i8). in spallul catpato-nistreatl
    (Dergadev 2002'Tal' 40'
    trrrilc de tip LoLrcrlkovkl clescoperite izolat la BriLiuqenii Noi, Chiperceni
    7,6; 8,ti),incomplexeledelaDelent'
    B.Cl),lba1eEti.Srt,;nujeni. \/ortlnaNoua([iadurschi 1989,fig'6,6;
    IL[cicni, Ilrist.ici t.Olni'ica,'fa'lLsachi 1984, fi13.9'8;Dergadev
    2002,]'af' !]l'l;Taf' 68' A4l1), de secera
    (Chirica, Tanasachi 1984, fig. 10,3); dirllile tubu-
    de rip Bor.ocl'evk:a tlin ca,irul depozirr-rlur de ia Deleni
    A415' A419)' Acester
    lrre gi platr: din ca.clrul ccpozitulr-ri cle la Riiclen,i (Dergadev 2002, Taf.68-69,
    Kopani, care sunt localizate exclu-
    grupe cle artefacte- probaLif tlebui: atribuite rpi c,:lturile de tip Malye:
    siv la est de carpalr. cir.rrpa r-r:spr:;tiv6 de artefiLcte, care poate
    fi rrr-imitri Radeni-Deleni' din punct de
    qt l-ozova-Mlndreqti 9i reprezinta
    ,,,r34ere cror.rol'grc, e ste .rrierr6ara seriilor tradili,cniile Riqegti-Baleni
    pfirria faz:atetapr3i trntptrni a metalurgier culturii l'Ioua, care
    din punct 'Je vedere tipologic' are ttn ca-
    l.ac.[or rdsa'tr:an. ,,\ceasii grutrra este sincroni, ctt
    depozitlll OdAile Podari din Muntenra (Morintz 1978'
    fig.53), qi descgp,::r.idle iiolate de pe teritoriul Bu.lgariei(QepI{bIX
    1978.ra6r 40,8'10), cu grupul de
    I-obcrjkovl<a, Kabakovo' Trechizbenoje'
    clepr0zire staro-Ilykovo., lJorisovka, ulianovka, Kryms\oj9,
    de fbrme de tuntat Golourov
    Elis,:jeviii. J3laglor,'i:5denk.a (Lesl<orr|t9"St,96) 9i grupul de compliexe
    aceste grupe de artefacte
    (Bo,:karev. l,erkc,,, l9g0 g0) din etapa timpurie a,iutturii sabatinovka"lloate
    t.impuni al complexului cultural Sabati-
    fbrnieazii Lrr-, or-i;zorr,: tipoLrrgico-cronologic caracteristic fazelor
    no'ka-Nor-ra, Lrnele din c.r,mplexele ciiniordul lr4arii
    Negre avAnd prrioril.ate cronologrcd fala de cele de
    li.r 1t,-'literia estic;i lr bazittttlut
    c'atllttic'
    timpuriu aparfin 9i depoziteXe Ba-
    Dintre comp1,:xele ttin spa{iul carpato-nisl.r'ean, acestui orizorrl.
    culturii Noua' in
    leni.lllrni.L,rteni li Hilstici" r;at'e rel'lectd a doua f'azdaetapei timpurii a metalurgiei
    lpltl ty-|. 1 .ltr. I

    r'6sdl'iteiini a tlpu-
    car.0 pe l,ing[ tipr-ir.ile riisdritene apar gi irrovalii specifire acestei c]Lllturi,,,vrlrianti-l
    rui rrans;.Lr'ane.a.,,(ilipyr.ile Flrigegti gi Iriegle;iiy, iecereie cu doud orificii
    la mirner' secerele de tip
    Chcrntf,nerqti, garc vor ti tiptrrrl: diagnostice in etapa urnldtoare'
    a metalulgiel cuitr'rrii Noua' suint
    I)ep,rzit::lc chn sp;,rtir-Ll ci|-pato-nlstrc)a'1, care aJiarlin etapei clasi':e
    urr-ndto:u.ele: l' est cte C:arpa';i .- Bori,,,
    (]ot'ani, tliiveqti, DoljeEti, llluda, Ghermdnegti' Heleqteni' Mln-
    Nistn-r-Prut - Alexiindreni'
    d.;t:a, l/[oqrra, Ncgleqri. Raqi::pl.i, Ruginoas,a. Titns;a, figanegti; clin interlluviul
    SAneqti, Moleqti' Aceastri grupa
    Chi:;inarr, l)r:rn,:u [[. Lo;zol'i:r Il, Vdrvdreut.:a, Novotrojany, Hecrul Nou,
    car.c poa1e,fi nunriti Rl:;egt:i-L,r:r;:ova. cst,3 sincrond cu clepozitele
    seriei lJriu-DomineEti din Transilvania'
    clep,ozrteler Drenteqlgvka, Dob;lanka,
    ()rehtlvo, Becilovo, Rajgolodka, Ingul, Knjaz'grigor'evka' Jrlravlin-
    de tumat Krasnyi Majak' dtn
    ka. r\r,rlarnovl<1, Nili6pol',I(ur'1ad'i l.oz;y, cu grupttl de,:omplexe defornle
    clepozitele seriilor Drtrinr cle Jos-
    etlpa tiLzie a cglturii baba.tir,,:r,ika (Boi:kaleul Leskot' t980, 74). cu
    gi Nicc,liu: I]Slcescu-(iula Dobrogei Cin Dobrogera'
    - din \4untcrLtailce,stei
    Or,lac
    elipe a mt,:talurgiei c,.rltuiii \oua, celtr-Lrile' <J'e tip Lobojkovka' Ma]ye
    Ko-
    1n-C,rlr.rzitelc
    intilnesc. tn schimb sunt carac-
    p'nr. celttLr.ile cu fatetele ur,.;oi,Jale cu.leclr Lrogat relir:filt, nll se ntai
    gi virfurile de' lance din etapa tinpr'rrie' care
    terliticer ?rLcr:rntrnurre delt:ilr plate 5i tubulare, purnnale,le
    etape:]unt r:elturile de tip,,transilrif,nean"
    suifcrd rnodific[ri neinsemnate Tipuril,: ciagnostice acestei
    RAgeSti Ei Negreqti), secerele
    (trpr-rl R:r,reinorsr-r),.,varianta r.isiriteanii l tifului trans lvdnean"(tipurilt:
    ctitioLrii ciri{'ir--ii ll mAner', ris(:,31'ele ctr cirlig de tip Ghe'mdneqti.
    Ultirnrul gl*rp 6e cgmpiexer clin spa{irl*.orpri,r-nislt'ean
    apa(inind sfir;rtulr-u epocil btonz;ulut es-
    componenla acestor cornplexe afe un calac-
    te constrtr,ril <1e ciepozit,ele ll,qe ni, Tomei;ti 9i MAndreg'i'
    culturii Noua cu c:ele hal-
    ter.mrxt, clep.zitrrl cle la Iligt:nL gi r<xne:,;ti irlbinii elernenteleiaracteristice
    rloud.elemente menJionate' con{ine 9i elemente
    lslirttiene tinrpu'r. cel de liL fVti'dreqtr 1;e lhnga ':eie
    caracteril;trcer etapci sab:rtiilrl vl< a titzic: -- Belozerka
    tirnpurie'
    qi absolute grr-rpr:le de depozite din spaliul 'saryato-
    Di' pu.nct cie 'ecirr.e al ;r.onologiei relative
    nisrtrean r:r,rclcn{tate rnai sut; pt'rt fi deiimttate in doud
    orizonturi cronologice'
    Pri;'r:l orrz:,irnt i'clude,-riouil sttbg'upe de clepozit':, Rddeni-Deleni 9i FII'istici-Baleni' Acesta este
    sincronc:ucelrr}a|tlmpul'ir'rgrupciemorrLrmenteacultur.iiNoua,locirlizatinnord-vestulBasarabierSi de depozite, Rdqegti-
    pcri,gur r\4olcro,v,:i" c.ei cie-ui-ctoilea orizont incrude crr:asemenea clor-li subS;rr-rpe
    L,,rzovi.ir;illi;eni-Miir,dreqli.;;idinpLrn:ltcleveclerec'ronologicproatefisincroniz'atcur''ariantasub-
    (Sava 20b2, i!'27)'!tn1\tdu-se cont de cr6nologia
    carpaticii gi 'vaLian1r t'ansilriineand a:tiltu'i fioua
    sincrone. di''ordril Mdrii Negre gr de la DLr-
    actLrarir r,Lcurtu'ji Noua gi c1;.r-area focareror.metarurgice
    c|:pozite clin spa(iul carpato-tttstrean me)ntronate
    niirea,ce Jo:; ()rit.reko i99.5,149-15l), grupele cle
    nr:Li sus, se incrcrr.eazd in irte:rvarur de iifif
    .up.ins inrie sfirgitul secorului xvl - inceputul secolului
    se plirseazd'intre BC-FIA (dupa
    XII i. (lhr.. iLir,J:,n pttnct rJ:' 'vedere ' t''onologlei central europe)ne'
    Fleinecke) 5i intre' MDrII-lilllil (dupA Ftrinsel)'

    BlBtloGR,tFlE

    I}rldkat.cr,.Les|:r.lvl9$0:V.I}o3l';r'e.,,,A.Lesk0l''Jtttig.-uLndSp.itb|0nZeZeiilicher3trfifilrmenirnnijrdlic
    PilFXX, t (lr{iinchen 1980t
    desc.periri tbr-tuite. Mernoriit '\ntic1 vitatis II' t970'
    487-490'
    Il.rzdug'n t970: c. [3,;rduga., ci.r,:va celturi pr.v,:nite cnin
    judefr:lui Iali (I) (Iali 1984)
    Cthirica. rr.r,s*chi l9tj,+: f Clhir-i::;r, l,{. Tanaiachi.
    .f Repertc,ritrl :*he,logic iil
    rrnd b'onzezeitlicht,n Metalifundl aus Moldavien PBF
    )(x' 9 (Sttlttgan 2002)'
    I).rgadt,.u lcol: V. I)crgaie,r,. Die lLne.lithischen
    untelen Dnepr und an der westkiiste des
    (.;€:raftovid, Str.rcien zur splitbr.,'zezeitli:hr:n Sabatinovka Kultur am
    G,:rsko,,,ri lgrg().J riurasien- Abteilung' \/erlag Mal're
    Band l', Deutch:s Archiiologis':hes Institut
    A:2.r,.s,;hen .\iteeres. ,\rchli.l.gie in Eurasrer,
    Lr;iCort Cinrb,l:I-lllhden4V'estt 1999'
    in Birnaul romAnesc ;i pe cuu'sur infe'ior al Mu'eqului' Cronologia 9r
    r-i.giikan lggg: F. G,,giltan, Brc,nz:ur timpuriu gi mijrociu
    dericcpetil'ilecenteta].]]ibl]:iist.et.Ach.Biinatica23(Timi$.laral999). Donau'
    Gliederung de| rlteren Flallstattz'eit an der unteren
    liliinsel lg1116: u. Fllursel. Beitr.iige z,u.regionalen unJ.nronotngischen
    I 6/17 (Bonn 1976)
    Beitr. Zur un_u. tntt]g,rr.h.-ir.,r:h. d.-Mitrelrnerer-Kulturrarumes judelul Ia;i AM XVII'
    lc:.rnomu, Llhi;1cd l9!)4:
    (1. Iccirontu, V Cf,iita' Descopeliri irheologice in comrrna \iirndtori'
    1994, :19 l-21li6
    r\.i drrte arheroi.gice dr:spre jurle{ul vaslui rezultate di'tr-o dorratie ANl x)(III-xxIV'
    Icon.mu 20()-.i: rlr. ic.n.mu,
    ?003, 27:l-2:ii 8
    Eurasia 'A'ntiqura l ' 1995' 8l-163'
    I( .dkc, lr)95: \/. i6eko. Zlul brc,ze,zeitlicSen Se',i"rlfTnung in der U[ raine'
    a.. S eie nou d
    --- - --eg;U-AlgJPsts
    PBF XX' -5 (Miinchen
    L.ei;ko' I98 l:.{. l-eskc,r,,, Jung- und spitbrrrnzezettliche Depotfunde im ndrcllichen ll';hwarzrneergebiet'
    r 98l ).

    Nlgri11rz l!)78: lj. Nlopnrt, Contg butii arhec,Llgice la istoria trar:ilor timpurii
    (l) lBucureqti 197E).
    der Alpen' Ronisch-
    lvlLiller-Karye l()59: [{. ir4uller-li.arpe. Beitrige zur Chrrnolcrgie deL Ument'eldeziet nordlich und si.idlich
    (iermlrnis,ctre Fors;chungen "12 (Berlin 1959).
    Pllin,:ltSl996:N.Paltn.ca5.\'llcri1.icareaar1reoJogicdttp,t.clbtor
    (iiurgiu) StllVr\ '41 l9c)r't 239'):"91.
    palincrs 20ff-r: N. t,ullncrr;;, Arc:tli.c-rlogrschr:,Auswertung von 'aC-Proben aus der s;pritbronze:leitliche bet'estigten Siedlung von Po-
    pegtr (lt uniin ren )./\rc h, I'orlbl, -'r 0, 2 C00, 209 -226.

    in M.oldola. SCI\'' 3-4, t9:::i,44:i-48 t-


    Pctres.:r't.I)irlrtlor,itli9(i.l:M.I\trescr.r.Dirnbor'r!a.Datenr:ir,alativladescoperirilederrbiecte
    2rnlui qr inceprrttrl Flallst.rtt - .rlui din Moldova' AN'I Il-III' 1961,251-212'
    (Buc:r:refti t977)'
    Iretfes,.lu-l)imbovifrL l!) / /: M Fttrescu,Dirrbovita. Depozitele de bronzuri din Rornlnra
    p.pa. Borollku 1996: ,:r. Pop,l1, li. Boroflkl. Consideratii privind cultut'a Noua. .Aqezalea de la Jichindeal, jud' Sibiu" SCIVA 47'
    l9!)(i. 5l r:) t.
    Il'ursul9(jJ:M,IlrrsLr,t]rieVerl:..:itungciel.BIonzeh(n.teinl|ranssilvanienvomErrde,derBlrnzezeit
    l)acia N,S. \'lI, l9r5.l. 177-l l0'
    I)ie llol r: der ,,o:irlichen" und ,,westlichen" Elementr: bei der Cienese des l(ultur"komplexes Noua-
    Sava l99g: E. Sr,LVu.
    ljatratiil.lvklt.1n:D'll;Karl:-itenl-relckerruncldieoSteufop.iiScheSteppe.Norrrac1enbervegullgenutrdKultlraus
    chLisrlic,herr lr,Ie1all:zcit t+doo stxr v.chr.) t.Hrsg. B..Hainsel und J.
    Machnik) (Mijrrchen-Rahden/\\'estf' 1998), 261-312'

    iculitir (Chi;;i r- ziu 1!)119), .5."1-8'{'


    r.rre'nL Ict.t N
    Erlbrschur,ll spatbronzezeitlicher Bestattungsnten zwl-
    Srva 100.2: .8, Sava, Di,: Ilestrrrrungen de:'Noua-Kultur" Ein Beitrag zur
    schc:n l)ner;tr und Westkar'ritten (Hrsi-:, B Hinsel) P'A'S Bd
    19 (Kiel 2002)
    In:
    ecllntllnice din pelioarla lirzie a epocii blonz.r.rlui t.com;rlexul cultural Noua-Sabatinovka)'
    Srrr 100{: [r. Savl. L]rre,e aslricte
    Strrclilr in likrrlot enr (..ihtnr i.he f'tlstici ( t]hiiiniu 20(X),
    t38-7:i'

    $lldLrrsc|rr1989:P$ai1ur.scIli,iiesentetalir':ec1inepica
    1939, 158 -1E2.
    [:icl.ttiltpee;200]|:B6o.'llittltee,\,1er-a.tt-tt'tqe'cr!IeTonopbI.Ken1,.l.blEBponbl?noxI,lno3J1]Het',l
    Hocrtl Il cp,eltHeBel(o}|'be ({.artu'[Ierep6l'pr 2002), I i:i I lti
    J{r:pt.ruee 197-5: B. ;!l,rlprauer. fipoHro,lste npe.fMerbl
    xlll-\/III BB. Ao H rt:l fiHec'rponcxo-flpy'rcKofo N{exn!'peqbt:
    (KHruurreo 19,7-'i).
    (KHLurruea 1986)'
    jllr.'prrir.renr 1i)E6:B ,lepmuen. N[0:l!.al]Hfl lt coc:eAHr{e repllr()pllrl B 3floxy 6poH-'rt'l
    paHHero raJlburara Kapnaro-
    l9t)l: B. ,Llpprtuer . Me rallrtqecKl{e lt3leilrlia x npo6leue nelte3l'lca
    K}'n'blyp
    ,lJr:prir.rerr
    Floplrro r'rr rr irc h:o r() perilr-) r a ( Kr'r ur rr r rrly I 997 )'
    |-ler.pecx1,-,{utNti5oetlLtal960:NlIi.,p..*..,-4o,Nt6oeHL.a,KcrtieLr5poH:oBofol,lHaq.uopaIlHexeIe3Ho|oBeKaeN4o,'1ogegcge-
    Te nOcJle,{lHllx ap}.e,J-:Ictrli'lec*u,,', put'n'Orl'ltt' Dacia N S''
    IV' 1960' 139-i60'
    '[
    r:p,:troirilittu 196].: rilli:peHoiirttN. Jpe,r:xHQcxrrit nt:ptlcrll Ha.[HenpoBcKotrl flpanO6epe;*cr'e (Kriee 1961)'
    .Ilrrr(rouoe1!)!,r(j:B.1.pr,$or+tlrl.[ia6co,rnrnoI\l),.IlaTpOBa'H

    Palltr,r!'r.rep,:l.l H ,.\ll\ec'il{'rllt I 1996' 60-Gl'


    l.prr(rorionl9!)6a:t'l|-pIr.{louill.[lortpanxllxa6co,,irrurli;i]{pojloJ.IofII!tKynT}'p
    B[|l.N4l].xi:j]),l\]it,ieiiui:,t1Lclnrrt::..Kl'exa;BTblc.^IloH.:'Marepua,nsrxou{leperr'rtltt1,|tocBfu]eHHoi;il00.elu
    lerurn A,.lt. Heccr.lrta (Ciar rrtr-l-lt:r'ep5ypr 1996)' 4'3-50'
    I.ptl(lortoul!,r9/:B.1purc|nuot"Ka0colrrrnotixpouo,r<rrtll{eBpo-a3a]
    ) rnepojl tt Apr:eo.nrlrtu
    1997, 60-b-l' I
    x a6corKrtHot:l xpollononul'l K)/]lbryp :rnoxu 3HeO'ltlra-cpeAHel"l 6poursr Kasra3a'
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    Xar.ey, Pa:gelo.{Hute pa6orlr Ha noce,'IeHHrr florpe6r.Ill'
    198,{ r. (KtrutrHEn 1989',67-70'
    Pacxonrcn Ha noceJtel{trn Kayruanst' AI'iM e 1985
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    l0(l'l). I l.l c.
    Crapble
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    y'utno'* lv{oitiloast (KuuirlHee ,l990)' 105- 107'
    bvr,ll:alrr. ,r\p.r\::o,rorH't( cKtle llcc"le.foBaHllt l\{o'qoro'"
    ceeello-3afla'ilHofo [lpuuepHorloplr H l'putrta
    lieii.nex,rrr l9i)1!: B.B. Eieilner.tn, KypfaH I )',c. u-l3pr6aHXa ApeBHocrn
    IV, I t!)1,6:l-79. (Knee 1972')'
    Iiep,e:ranr:r.iar l(.)l2t C..ti:.Bei:,t:rancxas,'lpejiHHl:t ne[)rlo!{
    6pc'n:oeoro aexa u CenepHoii Yxpanrre
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    BLrqrapes. lllrrur.:ap,euro ZCit li: B.('. Eo,rxapee.3.C
    tlluHxaperlKo'
    Ko-KprfeBeA,tecli(!ro Ntl/rl iq t. 6eH.1epu. B c5: Iit|altrml\i2'2001-200llKt'rultlres'2002'592-595'
    .tre, llocen,:Hrre KOHUa 6por:r3ouofo BeKa fl,lt1','f -['v e IIlrx(He\r l-io'DyHaBbe B C6: ',{penuo-
    illir',i),rc,e lgg.l : B.ll. Eia'q.,
    trr C'errcpo-3anil.!.llorc) [pllrtr']pHo]'lopu (Krre a L9fi l)' 7 l-84' (Krree 1990)'
    e Ceeepo-3analttolrt flptlrepHouopr'e
    FJaFrYfoB l!)!)0: B.ll . l-rlaHqrr,rn. Iie,ro:lerpcxl{e llal\ltlrH14xH
    |.}aHt|\fc|B,r]]),66orrrf{l99(]:I}.ll.Elauv1,,ron,,I1.B.C1,56orlttt,Bacrt,1uescxt,tirx.yprauI]bll-lN,tonu,iIbHux6e,lorepcrotryll-
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    [.'epr,rxoarr.r. K..qrrqxi:r 198',7: .{.il. I'eptLlronttv,8.14.
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    6p'utui (,,o N,!arepuirnarr 3arraAoscxori uacrepcxci;i). B c6:
    repprrr'rp'nlr Vnpatilrlt t I'iiies 1989)' l0l- I l't'
    t97li: B.,a,. l{epra',jr;. ii:oulossle llpe,l]\1e'tbl xlll-VIII B B jlo tl f l'13 f{uecrponcxo-fipyrcxoro N'texaypeqbt
    Tliepr.auein
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    l',[eatttlua,l]elqiHttttltrl.:ltlal!)9l:C].E|.l4llaucrsa,H,C.Ber.tttHHt1KoBa,[,acxottt<ttli)/praHc}Byc.Jn*laucl
    flprivepHoN'ropb'l Il l(purua IV' 1993' I76 183'
    p-rra L)jle,:cr.ii c,5nac).,.lj ,l1penHoc'r'tr Cenepo-3anatrrolo
    pariHee d{eJre3o B .q(lcoc)renll n.*ay !,Hec'rpon rt Cltperort (xy'rsr1'pa Ko:ur-Caxapua)'
    l.arly.Ct,i 11000: ll.l'. KaLrr1,6r,
    Sltalrtnr plus 3,' 11000, I lI-I1t'i'
    e 1958 r' KCt'lA AH CCCP 8:t' t961' ll3-124'
    \4e:rrcx,cgll 1961: t\ ll Merl-rxosa, Pa5orur n floxrter:rpoBue
    KCI4A AH CCCP 89' l96l' 30-37'
    i\le,rnxcnil l96ll: r\.I{. Merl:trona, Ky;rpaHrr y c. Ct,rori,:urrri' rlpuuep-
    Kypra}rHoro N{orrurbHuKa. B c6: ceeepo-3ananHoe
    oiicrpax 199r:,f.r,1. oirc,rprrr., ().rarr.rporr<e cyoo;rc,nc){oro
    H01\{t)pbe_K()til.aKTili1,I'i0HaApel]Hl'tXK),'qbTy.](Krresl99l)'82-87, B xu: Cru$cxui"r uttp
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    orpoulr:Httcl 19'7-5 El'13" Orroule'lxo' Honuti't K)'p'rilHHblil
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    Lr.A pagairoeuu, r4.r rr,:purxoa, Kontparcroe iloce,qeHue
    u.,ul|i|ll,',lili};li|i ill!?:qTHIrl.,.u flpttuepnorvropbfl (KileB 1982)' 53-66
    AltxeolrOrr.rurlcuile nal\4 Ceeepro-3arlaaHOr()
    14 Bo'rslsH TuluHeqxas Ky"lbr}'-
    Cseuruuxc,r l9!)0: 14.[( Cpeauuir nel]l{o,I 6fouronoro aexa Ilprrxaptlsrr{'fl
    Cse tuH!Ixos,
    BoJI]'tHll t'l 3axapnaru r'Krree t990)' 78-88'
    pa. [!o.rrr,tHil r.r.:l;:ir;apna't,1. Apxer:.norrrr ilprrxapnarbq' npo6'revtt'L1les-
    cre,6ortlir. t{epHnroa tr.,rt,,n)n 19](t. nB. c,v66ornrr' i't'TtlepHrxon' B'I4"fl'IItrruyri' Hexoropute
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    B c6: Mareprlalbl no apxeonorurl Ceeepo-3ana'uuoro
    flptrue:puolroprn (8) (().leccrr 1976)' I 8(r-201'
    'fepenc,Nxrrtr l!)7(i: ,r\ l:1. Te peHor'txllH' Ktlvrlepltirurt (Krtes 1916)'
    o6racru B c6: PauHntj ixele3-
    'forueg l98l:I'.H.'loules. iartlt'suxtt O."ot.prn*o reploaly c. Crpynot': OAeccroi;i
    (KHee I 98 I )' 2 L32
    r{btii BeK Cleaepo-1}anii. I Hc)Io flplll{epHoMopb'l
    n flo.ayHaal':. Pocr:t'tficxaq Apreolorur 3' 1992'
    19-30'
    Torues 1992: f'H. [-,crree, I;cJo3(]pcKrli{ nro.,rr"uu* E1,gypNe,,rs
    91
    \'1,/r,lrrrl 1. At 1 -
    (MocxBa 1976)'
    Ll:pnr,t q i9-1,1 El nrlrl \lerajtnootjpa6o'rta tta lOro- lantrAe CCCP
    ll. t'leprlurx, ,\pe
    Belozt:rka de la Cazlclia lliblioteca'frlcol.gica XIV lBLrr:uregtr
    Agul,nr<.v l99r(r: lS. drg.,rlnik.v. l\,::,:r'c,pola cultu;ri
    r 996 ).
    N'leddelelser (Ser' I l- l )
    gfegues, et or.ient iles. Histolisir-Frrologisrle,
    i31ini..::rrberl: rgr6: chr. Blinkenb,..s, tiibules
    spitbronz,ezeitli':he Gulsf.rmen im niirclliqhen
    ,.,,,,,*i;lJllt'll.t;ii,lntil],,u \,,. g.r:fr.a.er,, M I-esko'v. Jung-urrd
    Sichrr'alzrneer',sebiet. PllF XIX''tUntl.ttn 1!)8U)
    .lude:tul Ciala!i. Danubius xllli-xtv' 199'l' 5-2
    1'
    i:r.udir, 1992: lu,i, l,irudru. Desr:operiI rrr-heologice: in Ct:rcetdri arheologice 3 1919'
    ie la Raitl'u Cuzei' Jud Vaslui'
    [,uzclrrqa. l()]gt, (:.13r,rz:d,u;1.n, Ce tt:trirtle arhe,lkigice
    '.t)'4-211.
    []nic.lh.Lrc i!)!):i: 'r,' L.r,?,ichittc, De:r I]r'onzefurtcl von Dliclu, ]ir' Ililrmila ln: Ilr(rnzefirnde rus Rumiinien' P'\S Bd' l0

    u,., .ne.ritrrischen und brrnzezeit rchen Metrllri'unde aus


    It4oldavien PBIr xx Bd e'
    ,,.,,,1i.::'ll'o\?i't,l ,:,?;.;,il'..,,,

    *,."...,l'ixiil'L'.l!,;]:,,I3e:itriige;ltLl.t'egiiltralerttndc.hl.ott
    ('fext) 'IeilII (Abbl (Bonn l9?6)'
    [)()nar (Ijrsir \,. Ntilolcic)-tt;rU dO. 10,-ierlI
    lu1iillt:r'.Kiil.1li,1r;5ir):|.l.N4Lillr:r-Kll|,[,i].l]eitl.lie
    tld. 2l rl-eipr;4.ie i!r59). ,_ -_r..r..: L^r-r.rr. :d incizatd din sudtrl N{ol-
    l,l,rs:rltiigf.rl:.\'['ilsz,ti,Gi.uprrl,Iirrt6tlani.l\suprii<lr.izontulr.tihalistattilLntinrplrriuctlcerllnl|(
    ciover , lv4etr. Arrl. X'll-)lIV' l9116' (r5-91 '
    .-er'i1}lil99;1:(-)l-er,,rt|'i.(ir...rprulI'lllircani-Hln:,ca.Asp.recl:u 2i)-256
    (Br-rcuregti 1994)'
    rnicd incizirtt-1. tn: tLelrrtions'rhrrrr:o-lll;'to-llellenigues irr <nrrirrl cernrro-brlclr'
    !1tll.irttzl97E:SVIor'iritz,ContriL,t1iiar.heologlcclais]'orLatr.acilcrtimpurii.E1locabr.onzuluiirrspa1itrlcarplrto-blclnlc

    n,.,,,,.l,.'il]i1]',*'.l1.],,l,t.\.rt.Ilttcsipl.'hIcmupr.rrincl
    1}lraco-Dac:iclr YIII' 1-2' 39-7t
    icelcertririle tlc l:L l:{;,rh'rcLag) ,.-^r,-,in,rre rqrrnr...r ;rsezirii enrtnime cle la GLdd
    Nel5lLr..Biisl.italr]r]an.'.l!i8r:1:tni.t.le,gu'D'Basl.ab leJos(II)(CErliragi 1986)'99-141'
    tea(ir:;1.;re'r..t -,..i.Catar.qi.r---Lriturag,r-i"irizuliuiL^l)unirea -., a.,: g,.itt.'i:;chen inrel n PBF Bd' l6"x (lr'liinchen-
    Die Fibel
    Saprr,-rna-lsuiieiiar.akrs l,,r7g: Il. Srpouna-sakell.riikis,
    de. rronz'ri din rri.rnlnir
    (B'rcure;ti J'977)'
    ..,,,,lJ:llji;;ilr|i],1|.; r-l: rrr. per.ri;cu-Dimrroril.i. ne'ozirele
    9 a fietLrlui de la
    ,rr.ot..',,g1." in a:lezlrea din p.ima epoc6
    petri:scu-Dir.rrbo,,rlu i1)53: Il4. perrt:.scu-Din-rt,.riii.. cercetiri
    "l'f,nriLc,anL. S;Ct\,r l'V,3-'1' 195i;' 165-118 r-.i +,r--:,,,1i- cnor "t c:rrn;rtrr-Nistrean (iComple-
    Sa.,,l200.]:Il'Slva.]ntcr.-i.erentec'lltur.ll-_:rontrlogic.:i:repocabrclnzuluitir.ziuc1inspa!ulCar.patcl-Nistr (Chilindu 2003)'
    'Bircit'istolice
    tt'"' Ot clerctor hlbilitat in gtiinle
    xul r:ultulal Nottii - Sabatinovkl) Autt"ttt"tt'j arheoiogice d'3 sal'are
    Sir.bu, ,'iicr.rlitd, Bircd rg9g. v.
    v;;;;-;.r. v. Si'bu, . Niculila, \' cerc':tdrile
    norci-traci tlII) (Br'rcrurelti 1999)'
    tbgs ln, cer-cetiri arheologi'.:,: in alia
    de lr
    'ani:*g.,u,, or'r,,,ka-(lar.tal (Lrxrai,r,r) -."*p"n,,,
    c.rlrurr Br:r.zerka in z.r. tlintre Nistru gi Drunbre Thraco'Drrcicrt
    u, ,,.',*l;.. 11,hb.,rir, rrl()cr: V. \,iri:ust v. L sr.rbborin.

    Ilorrfuncl,, ir.n .stlicttett Jug.slarvien' In:


    Siudosteu-
    u,,,,a'tt!r11]i'.jfl,;l it;rbr.onzez:eitliche unrl rilterhansrtattzeitliche
    261 -285'
    ropl 21n'isi:inen Itiiit0-1000v' r-lhr' (BetLin 1982)' (Zadar 1973)'
    \/inr;ki-Ciasplrini
    g. 1'1n5;Ii-{-iitspalinr, llultura polja sa sar'imlt u sieverrlrj Hrvatskoj
    197.J:

    C eP:e[t A a.l''t auuxoa'


    n)' 5: r uKu 1\l o" t () o 6 Q'
    clt t nt, .'l x ui etr tt:'t H av x P
    e c
    ]l u c nt ttrtry nr .1 o?uu tr
    Px e -- ? n t t t tt z p a
    o'-t
    O -Z'C t Z [''ttut tt t t :ty' P e c ny 6t ttx o
    lt'! ct't d oa a
    e c x. S oO r u S i,,U
    ),1. I4tr tttlto t o: tt ttt 6e u.yt
    u
    t
    ()?
    __ S1qEU A,lieorlggqri. S'err e rtoud

    Pururlte E E vEDERE cu pRrvNrRE LA oRrcrNrLE cuL.TURn cETrcE

    Vasile Haheu, Chisindr.r

    t l' c' rt t t,:. t I i :.t t t',: ! t t,t I t i: S i r.i f t t r r t t t I t t t ft I r r (, t. 0 t..

    'l ll t!)llC'tl

    [)('t)t.iiltt-K(.)tlcr! \t'll B. (;o ti. j.

    ttttt,lit!|t-cttti oI'trte \t.I| [i'rl._1 .

    Perioada [-[allstattianE ilrzie, pentru teritorirle cle la est de Carpali, se caracterizeazdprin destra-
    mitl'ea mllsiVtilui cultural tt'tcic l;i a;raritia cultr.rrii traco-getice. Este prerioa.cia c1ncl ?ntr-o
    zonf, de c'n-
    tacL Lr;ine r:On{uratd:it ,lnllt ilt il(cel)latii ({epra.rr:.g 1992,26-31), au loc o serie de imporlante
    trans-
    lol'rniiri cultLu'ale . circ[c,lli"rta EliasaraLri-$oldanegtr i-gr inceteazd exisrienfa. (transfor.manOu- se!) gr are
    loc aplritia l)c arena jsfrlricrt lt cclor rnai indepiirta{i stlamogi ai neamului:traco- gelii. Faptul ca tiaco-
    Elerlli sunt sticc;esorji <lirecti iLi purtilorilor culturii lBas;arabi- $oldinegti, fiinclpopoare inruclite, in pre-
    z,ellt elste ttnanint ac,ceptiit n literalurn de specialitate. Necesitd precizdri serioase cloar specificrir.ile
    cAnrl- unde- cunt s-:\ petrecut acest proces.
    Nu dentr:li am abordat .tceastd problema, pentru un spaliu geogrrrfic mai restrins- zona cle sud a
    bazirrului j\istrulrri die: lr,lijlcc (l{aru.r(5a, Xaxey,Iie'naqrufi 1999,127:Kaguba, Ifaheu, Levitki 2000).
    Eiste clrcpt, stlldiLrl in,::iil-t:.ii -r fosl f'a,:ut doarin baita siturilor cle habitar! (foftificafii gi agezdri deschise,
    inclLrsit'e elementele irnlernr ce le calacterizeaza). Dar in pdmintr_rrile carpato-nistreano_ pontice nu_
    rltiit'ul situl'ilot'cle epocd erstr: de peslc 2l)0, fiind dccurnentate gi 80 cle mopumente funerare (necropo-
    le ;i mornrinte izolrte).
    ['n'prezen':. una {:lir]lre cirecfiile prioritare a cercethrii culturii trar:o-getice o constiluie cea legatd
    de c:ronologic 5i Jlcrir:rdizare. PerLtru u cletermina esen[a culturii, cx-igi1ea gi raddcinile sale, cit gi atri_
    bittlrreit sa etnicii este ncrce:ii.i-, rnrli irtrii a prect:,.a.,.pe cit se poate cle exact, perioada, spaliul gi rnodalr-
    tatel dc constjlLlire a lcestottt. Proceclitrll nu este delor: simplI nu numai ?n cazul culturii traco-getice.
    Estt': destul de dificil a delei"trina se5linentul cronol,rgic de trans{brmar,3 a trdsAturilor gi a contura spa-
    liul clle rnova{ir cioar i'n baza tnateriaiului arheologic. Clhiar gi in cazul datdrii traclitionale a monumgn-
    tell>n, in baza unor grLlpuri -itl ctonoindicatori cu leferinte sigure de cronologie absoluta (v6r"ful ,Ce
    93

    cle podoibd' ceramrr':f, greceasci etc')


    cip[tam un ta-
    siigeata, s'pade aktrrakes, fibLrle, psalii, accesorii
    blour o're,:um statrc. sr:perflr:ii.l. Obliner.r
    pilclnii. .io, tr,,;;i implutuira' tle asemenea sunt riscante 9i
    ton'pat.timerrt' pe buni dreptate \4'
    clati' baza unor analogir disparzrte inciepartate. La u.""
    Ier in (Tka-
    ",:e ?nse arnn6 crcnol0gia culturir getic;e nu qtie nimeni"
    Tkar:i.uk c)O.nstata intr.-un Stu,Jirr recent
    ciuk I c)94.. .221',t
    care cle lapt se bazeazd pe cronologia
    in ultir'ii iini s- a incercrrt aborclarea de nc,i principir,
    n:rai ales pliltru complexele'inchi-
    r.:latr'i. r:vrdenliere)a corelati,ri dintre diferite tipuri de vestigii, tlutr.q 1915, l2:5-139 Conovici
    1976, i26;
    sc. (\,/Lrlp(, 1967, g0-gl; lclirr' tg11 , r\lexandres cu
    198(1 l2'r-l4l). primul tAnd' este vorba clespre
    l)ar i'Lc:estr: schcme nu lot fi utili:late pe larg, clrloarece' in
    cornplexr:inchisr:(A''y'ulp':)"caresr'rnrrnaipuline;ceramica5lreceascd'cumaimr'rltdedoud (M' Babel)'
    i,u,, ,. l>azeztz'a pe prezrln!. monedelor
    toarto qtanrprlete tti acelag,i l',:l (N. Cio.ovici),
    clasificiirii tipologice a vestigiilol'cu ana-
    in m,.,re nirisLU.li c'iltinud sii fie pe larg urilizrLta nretoda
    lrzl ;i lnirltlgiile t"e:pectivc' .. -- siturilOr ^.,,1 ,atai r cu calactel local st-
    ^i...-:r-... cefcetat'3 ^r,nLln {.,rr:}ct(r1. s

    t)intre materilrie le traco-g,r::tice clepistate in rnajoritirtea cu cafacter advenit;'


    lnoclelatd c'r mi'a (in afal'a recip'ienti:lor
    llltl'll.ilte ,'t intc.prrctat6 cloar :eramica prin punctur <re vecrere ernis cle c6rre Vasile plrvan (1926),
    rlar pentru cirre esre unanim. a,rrleptat incd i' general amorf'de-a
    despre carircterur s5u,
    lrter.r. aprol,undat cre citre Ii. Moscar' trqs:1, 5s-61)
    iungr.ri Llncr pcriolrcle inclelurnE irte ale
    tmbelor epoci a f it:rului li-
    lnasemenelsitutLlieves-ti1;iileclepistatedeepocIsedatau'cleregula'inhazaunorcl'orlolnC
    caro-i sigiurir cerirnricd s,rec€irrs,ce
    (utior. 11 re1i9ienle.a veselei de lux)' arlne' piese degIe-Ceasca
    hlLrnaqa-

    majorrtatea stturilor' Dar cle o par-te' ceramica


    mel1t, pclrJoal,c ctc. scitice, Irecvente.a 1999' 174-
    apa;-e in \{old,rvi} l,ncepind cu, rnijlocr-rt -
    sf' se:. vI a'chr' (cepc'ea 1989' '159; Banaru
    l\egr.: de la sf. lsec. \/lI - inceputul sec. VI ir.Chr.
    iTii). ierr l)enl-r'Ll l'L.l.itor]ul .J.itt nord-r,esttrl Marii p'ind nu
    (canarache i!)5//,8-9; Jleri::yucraa 1981,5)'
    De alta parte' vostlgiile r;citrce timpurii'
    ( 1992' 86-107)' In
    cienrr_rlt, sr: clatau p*rcrtjc c-u Jn
    secor rn'i tir;ziu crecit in rearrtate w-leaee,ccxaq
    r,esrrgiilor artiiicial frinatd urn secol, I)entfu perioada sa ini!ia-
    aqa r,el, dijtarea rqstlce.tirnpu,:ii-eia intre culturiie tracice
    16, r.lin cirre cauilri,. iL,, nei,-,ie
    de,,irventat" n.!innt:a cle hiatus; cronologic fost
    gr getrcl timpurrie (Tra,ryn r9g9,2:.84). constatareil respectivri a
    inr.uclite Eiasar.abi- $oldanr;rr
    fonnula,tE r1e c:dtre I' Nicutil6 (1987'
    I5)'
    ;i
    Ree;lnc[dtncr:lee](pLlscrnaisus,oabordarenouiraprclblemeJorlegatedecronologiaculturtitra-
    cl':clsetiili, majoritatea nef iind locali'
    co-sleticrc este p(rsibili ioar i' baza urrol indicatori cronologici siturilot'traco-
    de piese sp':cialele reprezintd inventarul
    Arrr rnai men!tonat faptul 'J't categoriilt: (scrtice timpurii)'
    cronologice sunt'egetice, cre provinenra€stice
    ge,tice, primorcliare: in recons:.rc1iile A'M' Le:skov' in
    (t,'r.i.. Haher'r' Levi!l'ri 2000)'
    ve:s'ic6 (c:eltcr-ili'i:e);i su,Ji:,- si-g,:J..qti;1Krqiba, us-
    susline cit nnumite ar[r:]'ar:te - a''melpie"
    tlt h"no$ament' presele d:: podoaba' majoritatea
    g€)nere
    ten:;ilelormetali(::epc'tfiutrli:zliteexcltrsivpenrrusolu'ionareaprcblem'elorlcgatedecronolollieqtnu Abordlnd
    qi jdent:ficari crirt.rale (JIecxon r971,90)'
    pefltru urmarrrea sircc:siurr,il.r etnocrliurate c6 starc'a cle lucruri este cauzatl ""'nu atlt
    pr.oblerrLe,le pericadei nornLin,rlizat",\.'';;i;;. T.iil::i:d rtotodatd propunind
    dL a re org..niza pe acesrca c'ono.gic",
    dc ripsii rrateri'reror..., cirt :re nepurin!e
    dcr,rsedr:ziceclelluetrchetzrrilcentic:e,-,*ontto't'''ttlu''propunin<leviclentiereaunoraspecter:ttlturale
    sin:ronlce sltJ sil:ccessil'e ('\'ulpe 1970'
    182-213)' rle irrdicator
    irr^icator cr.rno]ogic
    -^!:^^ -,, pondere
    a sitLtrilor haco-getice,;u ^.--rlerp de crrlnolr
    ftg:r7r:ninil lir categoriile clie inven|ar bi.iuterii, ceramica de
    eprr.zentate cr€) unelte pies,:.,Je hrrnaqament. vestimenta'e,
    nr:rr.)steir s,unt rr
    'rme, de contexte'
    iazut'i ceralnica locald in depenclen{i
    inrrort ;,,rr,,rr,,,,,t'i greceasci -) qi in unele
    Desprea'parrlia$iev13llllijculturtigeticel.nregitrnepredomln6d,cui.rpiniidiametralopuse.Ele
    ,".Tr.r de ani in mai multr: zect de volume' Doar
    su-
    surrt arhicunoscute, l.irnd ve lriculo," a-rli,.,"g"r
    prea muite
    "..'' [;:,:i:,:',:l':;"J il;:j':1,ffiil'::'JT;,T,T;']; ,* e voruar pe rm fundar ,racic rc,car, f6r6

    inrlue'!e rnr;i:i;;',i;ill'j.],t,fi;i:;3'?;. caracterurl advenit


    pro'u,i de.cdtre M. rk^ciuk, care declard
    ,sttb utJluien{a tribalilof pe spa-
    al culturir gerlco.in ter.itorriire Moicrovr:i istbric,: |de ra sud de Dtndre
    9t1,
    ___ Reuista Arhgologicd. Seic: nortci

    Illle ocupil[e iinterior dr: t'estigiile scitice timpurii gi ulterior cle orizontul scito-trac pirjolteni-
    D[nceni-c)lone9ti. .A'f itrn ttii srmilare au fost e,nurntate
    de cdtre E. Redina (2000, 243-250),iarA. Mel-
    -1urko'r'a revizindu-9r opin rt despre gfanila dintre g.;i gi sci!i expusS in tg6g (Meljukova
    af it'md de curind cii aceii:ta nr-i nu.rnai
    1g69.61-g0),
    ca trecea p. llrrt qi Duniire,,lar cii,.se gr survola
    tre ultirnir" (21001. .,19_30), deseori de cdr
    Penttu E' Rr:rJina Drlndre'a cle: Jos (regiunera
    cultural-istoricS nistreano-clunirean[) incepind cu
    ser:' 'vI a Chr' cons;tituie o parte conlponentd
    a sciliei Mari cu o popuJtafie sciticd permanenta. Este
    zr:rna di: c:ontact intre cr:rtrLunitdli etnice
    cultural-istorice de pr,rpoilii, unde avem reflectate Iegdtun
    rnlpL: clintre rstrLr,::tur.i g<t:lrocldreqti cliferite: rlr.es,t&trlri
    de vite, agricultori ;i eleni (2000,243). in opi_
    nla ilcestlri ;tuLtor' P'ilntru rerioacla de la ince,pulul s,ec.
    V a.chr. in,regiuniie de stepl cre$te numarul
    r;iturilot'9r I'es;tigirJor sc:ili:e. cr:ierLce nu se poate afilrda
    despre cele trac.ice (Ibictem).
    In ce ne' prlve:ile, ne-'lm el{pLls cleja opinia cu privire Ia
    manrf'estdnle cultr:rale clin epoca hallstat-
    tiani:: tirzie in spr;1i111 crl.rDato_pontico_niitrr:iLn (Ka$uba,
    Haheu, I_evi!kii 2000. 101_113). Totugi,
    Itr''inrju-se in vetler,.: sitrLat rt cleata, creclem crL este
    c'rzut sd revenim la ac,;asta mar amplu.
    \{arri1'er''tzu'ile r:r't.1ural'' ciin epoctr hallstattiartatirzie?n
    norciul z:oner circumpontice reprezintii, cle
    t'apt, ultima transl'otntare :ultural-eeneticd pentlrl prima
    epoca a fier-ului gi care are clrept rezultat in-
    locuit'ea culturii hallstatti:ne tirzii Basarabi-$olclSneqti (pentru
    Dobrogea- Babadag III) cu cultura
    traco-getrca (=.geticii tlnrprrrie).
    'l'clt'binci desprt"e' irrpt-ttant':le schrmbdri
    in cclrnponenla cr.rltulii matenale ctin spaliul Carpato-
    I)i'tniLt'ean Al. \'ultrrt,: subrlrrria c5 ele srunt in strinsd legatura
    fls, pdtr.undr:rea in zond, aunei anumite
    "pc'pulalii cle: caldleli din t,it" Llndel,il la ?nceputr:l
    s.:c.ii a.Chr-. (V'ulpe 1970, p.203), Aceasta Iovi-
    turli ;ruternici'r qi destabil;r: atoare a afectat nu numai cimpia Dundri:r gi
    cursul superior a Murequlur,
    dlr si Molr.j'rva. o s;ituatic ltraclic identicd este se:mnalata ie cdtr.e G Simion pentrll
    regiunea Dunirea
    de Jos (l)c'blo"e'a'1, irtltdr: I urtatorii orizontului Babaclag III sunt "bulversati'i
    cle aceieagi cdlareli no-
    ntlt:lt clin est, Llrmel3 criirot'lt s- liu irnorfalizat ?n ruinele orizontului rers;pectiv
    de Ia majontatea srturilor
    fr>r'tif icate din resiune (EJei.rlaLrcl g.a. 19g9, 2I3i_223).
    D:spre gefi dinL punc:ttil de ve(lere iil onomarsticii lor se poate de vot'brt cloar
    incepincl cu sfirq,itul
    sr:r: \i I a.Chl'., odrtii cru trp rrilia prrrnelor izvoare scrise despre ei (Hr:rodc,r
    VI, 93) gi atunci doar p,en-
    ttu r;pa!iul de la suc'l r:le f)utldt'e . Dar daca spusele sintvalabile pentri
    ilefi (ra unitate etnoistoricd, atun-
    cl perllru culLtura gr:liici sitL.rtia,ester oarecum alta. Este deja unanim rcceptnf ca masivul
    cultural getic
    s-rr (rclrlstitLrit mult inlinte
    'iecit noninalizarea lor in izvoarele scrise gi pentru spalii geografice mult
    rLat inlinse (\,'Lrlpe )i,.\,)'70.:lt)0-2(12; Flaxv,rzq:1987. lg-57, harta l).
    Niu std|uirn aici prea l:rult vis-tr-vis de aceste necorespund,eri, etnie-ctitttrirele
    flincl de curincl pe
    larg anall;zerte cle ciilre M.'-caciuc lfxiavyx 19918,60-65). cazul atestf,rii culturii
    incd in lipsa etnicu-
    lui Pi respectitr a pct'si:;tdrii ctnicului dela in Iips;a r:ultuni este unanlnr accr:ptat. "Getica "
    lur Iordanes
    ..rons;tittic o clrr''raclir i'n Jllus . crlrrstat.irii
    Arn rnenl.ionat d'::;a cii lz,vorlrele arheologic'e;rcumulate pe parcursul unui secol demonstreazd
    a-
    ;rariliirL mai Linlpurie it cttl urtr getice qi pe spalii mult mai largi, inclusiv spatiul car.pato-nistrean
    (l(.aruvr5a, Xa:<e,y, JIr3B.nrlrfri:i l9!i)9, I2I-127,I(aquba. Haheu. Levilki
    2000, tOi_ttS). Din clenumirea
    prin'rultti sttrdiu "A pittra Cit:r:rcii sau aceiagi" nrai r:ese pr atrtudinea noastrri despre caracterul
    unitar al
    rrt,uji vulur crrlr ulll rlc :i,_'.
    De5i. cunl (lonlita.tilm tt rli sus, erparilia culturii getice nu are un singur focar de constituire, proce-
    sul este, in general, r;jnrilar, "'prc,- Patria" fiind uner. particularitdl:ile deiransfbrmare de asemenea
    sinr
    practic acelea;;i. Sc'himbtirr i: rer;pecl.ive au fosl. posibile grafie r:nor forle cinetice ce functionau
    in
    spatiul norninaljizitt cirtre rnijlocul mln. i a.Chr.
    Incepl'nd cu izi'oitrele :;crise.,lar mai ales cu aparilia monumentalelor Iucrari ale lui Vasile
    Per'"'an (19t26' 196-5' prssim.) avr:m nominalizafr p;lrticipanfii de bazd a grandioaselor nranifestari (rn-
    terl':--rente) c,ulturale, - in rllnnia justii a lui I. .Brujal<o gi M. Tcaciuc -;'diolog,.rrilor c.rosscultttrale,'
    (Hp|srrtr, l-x:a'tyx 199'1,27'\l), - care se finali:zea:zd cr,r aparilia pe arena istoriia a "celor mai viteji
    gi
    mar <1r,:pti dini:re traci'' (Flerrdot IV, 93) - gefii.
    Ilste r"orba desp,ls purti.torii culturii Basarabl-$olddnegtt, in caljLtate cle ultimii reprezentanli a
    ttunchirrlui {or€r1l trarcic; sc;fit nomazi arhaici. ilirii qi grecii din zona. din nord-vestul pontic.
    95

    !blralr!-/- lr r;. 1 ,.--_


    de speciairtate
    Iilen:.r:ntul fepreZirltd
    1-ra.]j.c, componentul local, uile !ocu'1:lli:.]:.]l]f,u'u'u
    "trlq'
    ,n"ri'';i;
    'l'ii'io','n,i-t,-i-"t,, pltti*'), i:elelalte e:lemente fiind aclvenite' ele este' in opinia
    anali;za atrj. a..l.rn.rrt.lor enumarerte cit qi a coraportului dintre
    [)rezerr{ALeli;;r qi geneza
    cunoscuterer transformdri c'iturale
    clrntre ab,rr-ctir.rre cafe a,.e clrept firalitate
    'orstr6.,Lnrr
    ''"'',.i:;'.:j'li:'r:l;l,H:]vedeni procesul respectiv in relul urmrtor. tin r.l in aceste procese
    l1!:::'" tr'actor destabiliza-
    reuir,e elenrerturui nomaclist'- velqnicului
    ;orn'rrclirie. cu clu.,(.lrer inte.,ns sau latr:nr:. transformdrilor' ca
    in acelaqi timp pi un important Ooltlltol
    aL
    ror ill srtiraliil'r culturale co;r::rr:te, dlr (prin ana|:rgie ev.cam f'tzica, chimia'
    c1e frrpt ;;i r.est'r ,.:^zurilor ce 1in cie ccre mai iiuersl,Jomenii culturale sunt' in mare m6-
    'n schirrrbiirlie itt,:adrul r:onlunit6lilor unlane' transibrmdrilie
    bic,l0grii etr:.), cii nu sunten adeptul
    un rczultat aL prrr:cesiel{Jf ciillzate cle loviiuri cinetice' Jinem sd pteci-zim
    s.rri, prezen{i qi al{t
    fac:torului nutotti'iin opt'o de tr'lnsformare culiurali' aici iiind
    abr;oluti;rarii lolulu: de el'olulie acomuntt6tt-
    fac:tor.i. lP,r.i,critar,- gr estr: rroIF'Lal
    .a ri-,'i1r,- erte ot'sigu:inclelungatul proces
    i,ilr.*,ur,.nte'transforrnaii ;i drepr rezultat, schimbarea facie-
    lor rrmare roc;are, r.efrr:ctat irar.cLr*j care
    cie Iatent' rJin care cauz6' tr[saturrile
    1-,e
    eSte pe ciicle natural' pe atlt
    sr-r.tri ctt,tttt'al Dar ilce)st pro{l::S
    enutrtd s;cltimbttre it cste sisii:llt
    mai drficil ;i niai disparrt'
    violente) "destit-
    anumite izrrituri cinetice (nu.bligatoriu
    Ele:nent*rL rL,J*rclist, in rrcr:st.^.. irrin la maiclritatea componente-
    .,..,,',.rgti-rtl cr:lturrr i localir' iirrensif ica prorl()sele de scliimbetre
    bili;reazi,' proces cirfe are
    (rr'dar,tati de [11frirat, rit Er'tual fr,ner*r, irventarur speciirr gi de mrs6),
    lo';ultr.rrir elernentul local'
    culturare. Repr:tirm, baz;a..".tui pioa"r, ir c.nstit.n'ie
    clrept firraritati:,rrarrsformi.rrlc la un alt nirel gi
    ramrno gi pent'u cuiturile urteri.are, dar tieja
    r.u_rtrhton, care in continuar,:. "rr.t,ii confirmd fe-
    cr-rriural general. Inr;rstdm: g,,nar,,l, pent'u cd analirza in' cietalii
    oirreclrrai crr Lln art- r,acres fi st;atrcf, 9i amorfa)'
    (continuttate ca,re tit'icum nu poate
    norrrenul c:ontinr,rrtflii perrnrr-ente di'ecte sau indirecte (majoritatea
    in cadrul
    pr.gresur r,:Jrt iiutoht.'ilor de caire greci pr.in r,orme cultu'alI a origi-
    gi
    rru a sta nern:ijiocit ia baza proceselor cle transfo'mare
    re rirliil.r c,lmer,cirrc) r)-itut
    1'us;ese de':lan;;at incii pinii
    la venirea grecilor in re-e'tune'
    nji cultLrrir gelicr:: rirrrpurir,- Ptocesul ,,."'rro qi consoli.al'ea etnosului local' legdturile
    ilLr rott-ti;i, un rni:il'e rol i"" p'iutgtu e'clu1i'
    r\ce;teir llJcllt,
    greci.lutohtontpiistrindu-sc,przrctic,pinirlat,enifel.IiiT.*'un"afomianilof. sau trec
    cle la ctriqiltdu' nu fecunosc'
    pi'h in pt.ez.eltl., mai rrrtrlli cerc.:t.tori. poate irr plirnuir'ncl z:oiei in pe'ioada noml'aliza-
    cLr r,,ecrr:rea n* nurnai rorur
    ciernentllrul scitic ?n ev.l,1i. etnocurturala 'a
    multiplerc semnal6rr bibliogra-
    ,insii;i pr,.7_enla = ilrestarea acestora aici fzua a se line cont <le
    tri, clur si
    t'" o crat6 ir plus, ci .r:,T:l':11:.:i::f,,::lli::i::ir";:'l,l;i""t
    fl:il::.,l'l,l]l];,ii',iJ,T,,il,,i]ii,l],..," for'1ii cineticd de transfor'-
    perioad' hairstrtttia'd tarzlie gi c6 acegte,r r.p,"rinrir principal.
    incepind. cu naftere ma-
    chreiea n'rasivul crirtLrial rallstattian tarziu se destramdr' dand
    rnirre cr,rilurrrri.,in r.ezr_rltat.r
    cre Mijroc
    ""l;:,:i:ll:ll,..],llifflil;ili*:i1l;ll;'i':':;ll'i, ,,,.o-*erii clin zona de sud a Nistrului
    pro.;enite din siturile de
    t,evitlti 2()00) ir ftrst reaiiz,lta mai nLultin'b"," mlterialelor
    (KliSLrl:a'. I-lalreL,L.
    Lrnanrrx ac:c.eptat cii probl:mati., c. iin" ae coloriturl culturii (etnrcul) cel
    De arti p*rte, est€r
    'rbitat.
    maiblLttrleSt|3IC:pfeZ,entiild:|complexelefunelare'careincadruluneiculturisaualta,suntdintr.ecele [a schimbiir' 9i tr'nsfor-nliri ctrl-
    prist'i'd,rn onutt,,, {'^.i.,t,:'i sunt romt
    rrrui c.tns;ef,,rati'er, "ttptive rit'r qi ritualul funerar in pe-
    l,-o,m r.efr:r.i, in c,ln'inuare. cro.r su,:cint ra situalia ce line de
    turale, l*.e
    ori,giu.u culturii traco-g,etrce, ace^sta
    fiind de fapt sublectul
    ::ri.raci'. ha'slattrnd tiil.zie r:u r.eferrre r,
    uttci llte lurcrdri mu ;tmpl': ,- -: - ' spaliul nominalizat avern documentate 80 de
    ;cva mai stts, pentru epo(:a *,:t":l.:l,
    trup,ir cum
    ''enfionanr in general' :iJ';,,,ffi;;"riri., *rt mult'
    ele a'u.fost atestate' mai mult. sau
    sau ma1

    o'iecli'e tunerarr:. cmrogr.irfi,:u.o u.rr.ifrii, inaioa^.a,


    iocLrnle
    .i..r.,r-,,.,it. plasarea ror :ste din,r. cere rn'ai cliversd' dar preclomrnd
    pulin rmir'mr pe inrreg ,reiLrul de aseme-
    aio,i".,r"airrilr: cand lll: 25a/o suntincerlr:)' Tipul .biectivelor
    inrlte gr gr.u,,,,,..*,b,,f, (+.+; 5i5 secunrla'e in tumuli qr izolate'
    mai clile rit-necroprle plane, tumuri.re, mixte, rnominte
    nea e:rtc dinlr.e cere incineralii pa(iale'
    l.lr,rmai pr.rtr' d:i'ers es,r: gi ,'rtul
    t,,nfiur, fiinctsemnalate inhurr'{ti' incineratii 9i
    particularit[]ile prevalea'd asupra seriafiilor' $i nu este
    in r;fzir.qit, in ce priver;re dtualiul iun"."., rru nlrmai in interiorul "zonel"'
    sau de timp, itcestea fiind ilxatc
    Vorbr rloal rlespre deosebiri zonale
    Reuisia y'rh eologicti Serie nouit
    c)(.:,

    ---,o
    pentrLl a$a situri de pro-
    clar;r a micr.ozonelor $i 1 unor olliective si'gul;lre sincronice, !yo-t:-doal
    porrlr c.rcer"are TTrasirv: I)i.'ce1i (l{aheu 2000j, F'oicneEti
    (Vulpe 19:;3,279-28r'312-313' 399)' tlelic
    Ller,: (Sinrion 199.1' 95-1()5).
    sunt mai ttniforme la acest capitol (in-
    ,\u f.s1 c.erc(3riirrte qi cbiective cu mai mttlte lrlorminte, care
    (5 inhunralii) (Levitki, Haheu 1999' l2l-134)'
    clursiv ritLrl f'nerrrLr): CirLrrgiulegti- Sr.ana lui lVlocanu
    incrn':ra1ii)(Buzdu-ean 1968'16-94)'.
    Isaccea(27inhu*ir,tii)(SLmi.'20(13, 113-1:28),Sl.bozia(ll
    pentL.. m.rnrlntele rJ., inhumalie, predomini)nd, cele in pozilie clecurbitus dorsal' au
    lost semnaliite
    cnzrrri <ie schelete c:lilrc:ii,3 pe stringa (Poqtl' Coqvana)'
    Oientarea craniului este mult mai diversa'
    prerlonrirliitrd. ctirectiile Nt/ rii SV . - t, ^^.:- /,.\:.,^,,-^.,^ /-rrn^neqtii v'ecl-'
    (ciucurova'cuconeqtri V'echt'
    Miin:rle fiind cea lr,9gu1 cc,rpLllLli, unsori stiinga este pe baz'tn
    fiind m:rioritatea cazurilor drepte au
    lsar:,:et) siLu clreupla (lsrrccea, I)oqta, Trer;tiarra). Plcioarele
    (Poqta)' cel dreprt (Poqta)' sau in formir de romb
    losr. iltcsrar:e caz,urile cirncl cel l;llng era indoit
    ( RdLsicirrelr i l'loi) '
    structttrii funerare (ardere' lemn' platra)'
    Sunt dir,,el.se;l cons:rlic:[:ile uuxiliare atirt dln interiorul
    piatrd?n asociere cu manta de pamiint)'
    t:i't ;i ccle e xlei'toilr'e (rrr.tttale satr ringuri de piatr'5.
    o diversitate Ei mai mare ?n ce pn-
    in sli,.Sit, clar cler as(',menea,Joat'in linli generiile, constittitm
    trr contextul fttnet'nr'
    vegte inrertrtarul ntortullr cit yr plrlsarea acestuirl
    cle rit 9i rittral funerar' clt qi
    Nu r,- c,nl r;tir..ri al( | pe larg atat asupra analizei caracteristi.crlor
    lucr6r'i vtitoare'
    il.riblrtarea [ot-, ac€:,stea u'mtncl a f i subiectul unei
    dostul de elocventd in favoal'ea suprlziiiei
    Situalia le_qrt:al cle nlul ;i ritiLillul funerar, eiite o dovada
    ,:ir ltroccsul de c.ns;titutir.': ii c'ult-rrii tr:rco-p:etice
    ('- -eeilce.trrrpurii) a avut un cal'acter polietnic' in ce
    lo';.1, fiind p"""''t qi elementul ad'enrt estic'
    autorul
    pr^,egte priLrl.icripl1r1tii, pe lingb elementul tia':t':
    l o r i turii r: i nr:ti ce,, 1r''.'i,t''url
    u i de transforrnare':ult'urali'
    literatura de specialttate
    Pre:le n[ra sci(il.r tirrpurii ?n spa!lulin ciisculie deja a fost norriinali:zata?n
    95,'l I - i 3)'
    Il,3 BuIIIt !1. fJerr ueHI'lo I !)
    t,
    de 60 de spa-
    in favcl*r.ea elementului scitic la vest |Jistru vofbe$te qi desicopr:t'irea a mai Sine
    cle
    (Vulpe 1990; I{aheu'
    c|e itkinatl.: ?n clir,er'se cot'l'cXt0, dar care
    crerjenr cd provin din rnorrninte distruse
    Uikbaev 1!)98,, 115r.)-162: F{aheu 2001,38-40)' , dar a'em certitucirnea
    Rccclltstrttc{la,prezelltitt.Les]e:poatepreasc;hematicf,giexpusiipleaSucclnlTi""l."I,.::;;':T.: nevole'
    ulterioare, at&t de teren, de care este strigentS
    cf, cstc cliLntr.e cclic, mai lriar-rzibile, rnvestigli{iile
    prrlblemei'
    ciar gi ,:cle die sint'::;i5,' cintnbuincl la elucidareil

    BtetttccRnrte

    Dacica I' i976' Ill-126


    une chronol'rg',iedes Ve- IVe siecles Thraco-
    ,Alctandresr:u 1')7b: I'} Alextnclrescu, ['our ltr'riere des fouilles de Cirlomdnegti'
    de la,.:hronrllogi':e la culture gtto- tlnce a la
    ']i
    lBlL,eS 19,'i-5: l\{. Lilt,el, Pr,-.lemcs
    Dacia N.S, ):1.!:.. l97i t,15'139'
    ca|picr l' i9613' 77-t)4'
    C. lluzdul: rrr. Ne'c:ropola geticd de la lslobczia'
    lmfbrelo| rlte'Lrnpilate la lsrria lEiucure';ti l!)57)' rrrri si civilizatie la Dtrn[rea
    BLrirdLrgan 19r58:
    cla'arache, 1957: \,. r.lanarir, he, Irnpo'rul Culturd 9i civilizaiie Dun-
    pentru datarea unor lie'a''i g'eto-d'acice'
    Conov:ci l()86: N Lltrno'vi'-: lllrpefe r:rontrlogice
    de .los [].' t.)alin ai;i i9lS :, I'19-I-1 i

    Flitheu2{)00:\'.Ftah'eu.lllerlopol;ttrrco-geticddelr'rDdncenirrrss Pyretusl'2001 38-'10'


    in.,rnt-*tul elementel.rsciticedela'estdeNistru
    Lr;r'eu2001:.v.grheu.Akirrrkesur derrr Unghe-rii 2' 1998' 160-162'
    FIrherr, []icbre',,:
    'V HlheLr , \/. []ikblt:"',. Akinakes'rl drn r-nul ungheni' Revista Arhectlogici de Mijloc (Bucu-
    Ilafrer.r, L..e'itki .l )00: Ir,1. I(a9uba, V. [{iLhr:u' O' Levifki' Ve:;tigii t'"tt'-gtiit" Ia Nistrul
    Krrsutra,
    reqtr.1000).
    hallstatriand rirzie ce la Giurgiuieqti. Studia
    in honorenr Ion
    L,:r,i1kr, irrhei,r lgg,g: c). l.,l'irki, v. Llaheu, Necro'ola
    Niculitii tCh'i:;riniu 1llr Ql' l'' l-1"4
    (Bur:uregti 1983)'
    IVkrsca.lu lr)83: E lVlcscalrr {-lerarnica traco-geticA -

    Pi'vrnl.!)li(j:\/.I'lir"van,rli'rticl'lJptcrtoistt'lt'ieaDaciei(E;ucure$til926)
    Piirvant!)67:\/.r'li,uan.Drr:la.(liviliza{iileantice<linldrilecarpiito-Danubiene(Bucul'e$til967)' 143-163'
    Sirnio. lt)'76:G.srni'n,rl-t,tesdelaDoL.,roJja'-r'ttnitittltVlL''a'Chr'Thraco-Dacicar'r916'
    VII-Vien') S1'rnp,siaTt''lcolggicn7' 1989'213-223'
    g.|.l-ott"(sec
    Srrnion l!)ri9rCi. liinri,ln,(le t:'ezlrcrivilizaliei
    sirrrion l9)2:G.sirnion,(cfii gi ,.i1l,a,n.pr.gu[ileDunrir.ii..CarpicaXXIII/l'1992'95-105
    a C-hr' de la Isacce^ Peuce S N I' 2003'
    113-128'
    Sirnion 2rlrl3: t.-;. Si:ni.n, C .ecr.p.li din sec.\iI-V
    q'7

    l;!4rl1l- A !,-l----- -

    l'-2' i994'2'l'5'256'
    'lf irci,rf. 199,1 :1,4.'llka,:rul<.N{anifestiri r:ulturaledinsecv-lachr'"Ihraco-DacicaX\"
    ,rqo;, (Buc:uregti 1967)'
    i,,,ip, ,\. vulpe,ll.*,,..,p.tu hal r;tartian6 ce la Ferigile II' 1970' 115-2l't'
    '!''l'e:.,l]e'cetliri arhe.i:gice Si int.,f,"t* istorrce^pd"'irrd sec VII-V a Chr' lMemAntyq
    Vrrlpe 1970: t\,
    FerigileSr'up Da':ia N S X:ll' 1977' 49-90'
    Vrrlpe L9]7: i\.\/ulpe' ;l,"li-ftt1]ttti"gie C"eI vI' 9 (Munchen 1990)'
    \,.rlpe. 1!)g0: r\ \,/ulpn, Die Kurz,scfrvier.:r Dolche,
    uiJir..in,.rrer der Ilallstattzeit in Rumanierr' PBF B
    tilg.]r: ;,| B. [ip;,g*.. rlr.E,. rx..uvr'' E...,upu6",
    Vll-I ee lo P.X. IJ.rrKx xpocct<ynb,T)/pHblx AfiaIoroe.
    B1>1'rritl. Tnt,-t1,x, MeNA)'uapolHoli
    cenepHoro flpUvepHorvlopnr. Terucul aoKJlailoB
    cfi.: Ilpoclerrtr i:urrdro-capNrii.rctioil4 up*aon,ranu
    6c,Hdle1:enurrtt,.3anopoNue 199'l),21 -31' - Tr^,,.rn_ Mexaypeqbfl c fp
    IlqecrnoccKor.o MexA)'peqb'l rpe-
    e,rnpoc] o{5 3xOurlrrli,r.recKn}: cBr3fx liacereHltt
    flpl'ro- f{uecrpoecnoro
    6ruapi lggir: Il. [iauapl . K
    rrrrcKrr\r \*rporu {,rro,r(aHHb.\{ rp(:qecKoro;;";pt; c IoFro.ituLUa
    sy'y"tni'i B c6': Flrtxoullii n aHrn'lHstii turup Ce-
    1991 )' | 7 4- 11 9'
    BcpHo rrr I1p riuepruo rt oprn (O;re :crr (J-leuuurpraa 19E0)'
    fpeuecx,ii KepaMlrqecKrli*lrnopr na Hr'rxnev llouy
    [ipaurrrHcxrrii igg': 14.Iipauruucxnr.i lit IlccIeAoBaHYq no apxeonorllH H
    t) rrorlq'ruH."no*,'u*'"'n' roHa"' Fi c6:Marepua'lbl
    flepra,iee l!r9r,lr 8.,:\.,1,J11,.r,uau.
    Xaxev, o r- neet{uruit' ra ca'ar I'eruxa
    rtnl4 uerneprar'r B
    -",";.ii:l:ll|l',li:;ii:::;?'5lll'ii:;''l:.?,];?ll'"jrI 1999)' l2O-121 '
    C':sopl;ofo tlp'uepHor'lopu (3ano-poxue
    cil.: flp,ctirrerraur cxrtlto- capltar;xr:ti up*,-ono'un
    crn(rcxoii aF]xal.-K]I Ha'IeppuropHIr MolAo-
    .,.anl,Ltttiftt19]9:[}..["1ilrry,urrru.Partut'teQparrriiusrX-Ha.lluiriVe..4on.,."I..o.'.itllol-tMoIn'agrrH(Kl,rnuenl979)'
    ,ileerrixrlri, ,rer.riHxo iqqs: o.r. .irt:BuuxHii. T tr4. [ernlueuxo. fra,rRruuxu
    gsl.Br;6':llpeerrocruC]renncrttlllpuuepHc,HropulnN.pr,tva(\/)(3anopoNr,e199:i),41-53.
    rapa I'i:i O:rbstttt (Kues 1981)
    Jleittr',ucxan l98l: H Jleiinl'ucrern l(epauHuecnnfl CerepHoro flptluepuolvopr'r' MH'\ CCCP 171 (Mocxea
    Jlecr<os lgil: A !1. .Ile,:xoB. lipe,rcr.:urfcx",i n.f,r,oo'u cr(]Ilfix
    1971). ]Bocrox' PA 3' 1992' 8(r-107'
    i,4e.r.ec,'cxt,tq ll)9',l.. vltFl M,e^se,[cr(ir]d,
    flepHo.[uraurtl crurfcxoii apxauxu rr '{per.nr.fi
    {lpaxui'iusr e CeeepHo:tt
    I9,(r9r A.ll . \'le.nronosa.. iK eonpocy'o fpaHtiue-Mexly cxr'rrlaur'r'u^reraIlt{ 'Dpeeuue
    iu,ler.iorosa
    "crapci;i crn{r'u" repoAora)
    r,6pvaNe (x n'npocv o
    ,r.,J,'ru:liil'liil 'f,?*f-ff: ll]?,ly;:'JilJ?'3];liif?
    l)A 4.2C01,:10 l'2
    lttt.:1'.tttu:1987:1,1..1t.,[[trxy.ititrt:.CeeepHue$patrtriusrsVl-Ise.AoH.3.(KHuinHee].9Ei7)' u B c6:
    F,e.c.r.i'a, ]{u;r.:suir [y'ar.i B cHcr0Me
    nyn,tyf"o'" *o"u*'.u^tr1$ron $panlrriues
    ?ernrra 2000: [;.(D. (oleca 2|"|0q,243.253.
    E.epcrlrti N|aTepa,lU u ac,c.nilNeHrrur
    ,Apxc<l.,trlriR ta elT].10I|f,I'ia cri:rrroii
    Ser,oeal!)139:|{'Jl.Cepilea,fpeve;niuKepetN{rlqecKafTapal{3qp.*o"ruroJIAaBI,Il{.Bc6.:Ahllelg34roaa(Kttultl.
    2, 1ee8' 60-86
    ,"r,il:i,il],]ti; \]t;'-ll;rx, r-ernxir .r\pxeororun rrNreH'. Revisla Arheologici crpar'vrtl 3'
    .t aHronoriru xrloHoJlofrltriecKt.X pa:prruoe)
    TxzL.r'x r()9,;r. r\4.r). i:au,r,x, r-e.ru.r,r, Korop./ro Mbr rroretrflirrr 1r'ra
    1999":l'i 1--.104

    Vasile Halrcu'

    Institttu! cle Arlrcotpgie si )ifitogrrtfi',


    A:!'t::':i:tle $riinpet din Reptrblica Moldot'a'
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    Hoii {-H6err.r.rttrl,Ieri1 n ca,n.rr yKp€rlulenHbrx ilocerl3Hrrii.3To ".uep'rBlle: fopoAltua". Xuggr' Ha HHX
    He Il()3pOit(J,a.iiitCb.
    lJ. Cal,rlre n,J:],ilHHer i3 :IilTrllloBaHHbrx feTcKux MaTeprraJroB, .BbItIlreHHbIX Ha HccJrenoBaHHEIX
    r'opogurr1ax, He li}ilXrJ!rt'f 3a paNrK14 Tperbeii r:re:fBeprrr IV sexa Ao I{.:).. C:rer)'rouIufi xpoHo,rornr{e-
    cxrli nlacr Hat(o.n,cxt{:, BbllrBlrerrHbrii ua uexo:ropr,rx r{3 Hrrx, cBq3rlH c npuxoAoil{ 6acrapuon.

    Eius,nnorpnorn

    3.iralxoscxzrJt 19166: 'I .,rl{ 3.rarr,oecriarr, Iop,r,Iuute llareyusr. B xn.: Ilosoe B coBer,cKo]"t apxeonorlll'l (Mocxea 1966),
    :i2(t T5
    3.rtTNcecFiir;a, 969r: l.f{. 3lLrarroecxar, il.il IIo.rencui, fopoanuta llpyrcro-l{rrecrpoBcKofo nrex.rypeuun IV-III
    lloresoir
    irB..:io n,r. 11 Bcnpoct,r no'iurlrrr€cKoii ttcroprtt reros. VllA CCCP liCt, 1969, -15-50.
    ,'lanvruHear.r. Pouasosr:rial l!-I2: El.il.,rianvruueaH. M.,,\. ['or'raHoncxaq, O pa(lore rercKoro orptila. B c6: AO 197 I
    rorer (\1ocxr,a 1 t,t'7;1i.,15i .

    ,ileeurrcF,ni 21102: A.li. Ileerrrrr:KHr:r, Per,rH6;1p1'11glrr rpoprntfrrxauuoHHOr() coclp\rxetJnff fercKoro ropoAl{ua VI-IV as.
    iio Fr.:,.. "Caxaprri,r *.iIa F''esexllH". B c6: [perrHeilrurre 06u.tHocru 3el,tneilgnLueB H cRoroBoAoa CenepHoro flpu-
    riepHorlcpbr (\/ rr,rc.,ilo .l:r.-- V et:x H.3.) (-ftipacno.rs 2002), 256-25t,.
    ,rlesi'nrcF:rrri, l,.rrga,'leHKD 100.1: A. JIL:errucxriii, C. Koea,'I,:Hxo, I-opoatlu{e feroB lla f{necrpe - "Caxapna - JIa Peeexilu"
    'l'hracilns
    Il cfi: an<l circr rnpor:tic'A/olld. lX-th Inte.rnational Congresr; of f'hracolcgi (Chigindu 2004),90-91.
    lv{ac.tr:Hrrnos ti.lpr. l9r,:'4: A.,,\ IV{zrc.qeurrioB. N{.A. F'ornlatioB,3Kafl, A.A. tOuxo, Pacronxu Ha ropoJtllule Py.ll. B c6: AO
    i9j-l lcr.:La (N,lolisiL 't9'7I). 424-42t\.
    \1e,rr0xorra l1)5.1: A..14. Melr-.xosa, Pe.:y-nrrarur pacKonoK Ha nByx noce,teHt{tx cHlt$cxoro Bpei\{e}1fi e MotlAaetll't.
    l{Cl.1i,1lvl Ii 56. 1t)54. -r!)-ir,3.
    l{rt',',rrrrr: 19lj7: tl. llux,.'.ri u), (]LlBet]]rbte Qparrtriusr e \/l-l ee. Io H.?. (l'irlrur'rHee.1987).
    I
    lllrrr.,,,rtru;. llaHoq ll. I irri\'.rtuul A.3aHoq.,Opar:o-rercxLre nocereHllq I rl,lc,.qo H.3. B uel{rpalbHlrx KoApax
    2tlOt
    ln{o;rjtcr.s;1. C-iir':-'r;i1rc:a l-} t}/xrcpo.r :1001), 107-l 15.
    -l'.C.
    llaccex li)l9: IlacceK Apr.eo-lcruqecKlre pa3BeitKH B N{o,tranttti. KCH14MI{ 26. 1949.51 -68.
    POvauoscxas. 19'i l: N't.A. f'o\'itHortcxafl, Pacxonxu Ha reTcKoM ropoAlltrle PY',rr. B c6: AO 1970 ro,ra (Nlocxsa l97t).
    :i5S-3 i9.
    Pomarroscxas, l9lr3: lrli.,\. Pc,r,rilnoecxari. O pa6ore rercl(r)fo orprna. B c5: AO 1972r'om (i\{ocxsa i973)' 415-;1I6.
    []orrarroscxa;a. I9lI5: irl..,\. PorriruoB,lKari. Pa6orbr ret'cKoIo o'rpflLa. B c6: AtJ 1!)'7'l rola (Mocxna 1915),446.
    Pril\,rij.loBCKirq. l!)7r5: F'|..A Porri nosoiar, ['lccre.qosaHtit Hzr ropoAuu.te P1'1r,. t] c6: ,A,O 197-5 ro;ra (N'locxna 1916),116'
    l)DiuiLrroricKa:q u .r.p. t9l'r; N1 ..\. PonatroBcKar, ti.I'. frniillxoe, I-{.M. Maxapoe, A,B. BapeHoe, PacKonxrt fopo.q}jtua
    t'y'ttu, [3] r5: r\O lr;)'/6 r,c,i ir (N4ocxsa 191]),459-46t1.
    CltItpuotllt).19:t.ll'.l]V}ipHt,|].I{:.orrrapxeoJ!oI.l,Ir:iecKtlXl{ccJle,for]aHt,ItieMo,1Aaet.tne|946n.YqeHue3anl,lcx2.
    t9.i(). 1E9-202.
    CrrrrlrHor l,,i:tr9a: I-.11 t.-lrrultrrr 3, C'ruQcxoe roportlule tt gertIue "Bo,'lru1ae Ca>laprra''. KCll4l4MK 26. 1949.93'96.
    K;riLrta 1;,a. 12000: I\1. I,(3iiubu, V'. Hrheu. O. Levifki. t/esti.t:ii traco-getice ;re Nistrul 1\4ijlociu. Bibliotheca Thracologica
    (XXXf ) iBucureriri 20tJ0)
    Yolrrtnttl 1. .\r. / 109

    I-c'v richi l00 l: ,r\1. lL.erirrschi. D,ale preliminare privincrt datarea ccmplexelor lbrtificatiei getice "Safrarna-La Rei'echin"
    '!'r'rtgeti,r I0. 20t-r1, 103-I 1:1.
    ]-ev'r.'schi,]0[,3:]-ei'inst:|ri,A'l'LinrilrL]I()nC)l()gil]5superictar
    rente cultufal-cron()logice in r;g,ltr ul nord-prntic (Clhi;;iniu 2003) 26 1,284.
    l-evLrL'cht 20{t4: ,\.1.1,,e','in:;chr, I:ior"ificatia getii:6 "Sahatna-La. Ikvechin" (cercetdrilt:, drLn anii 2000-2002). In: (lercetdli
    ilrheolos,i're in I{e'pLrblica Mold<x,'a ('2000-2003) r'ol I (Chiginau 200;l) 64."8Cr.
    ]-er,irrschi.L-lr'alr:ncrl2()02:Ai.I-t:rlnsciri.SCl]Villenc{l.Ia1lort
    lrlrtrfii:lL1i;r stcrticli "Sahal'na-.Lli Rr:vechrn", campanit 2001. fChiginau 2002).
    l-e vrrrschi ,r a. 19',),): r\l.l_evrnscfri. r_l $cipachin, Gh. Dulea, Rezervatia istorico-naturald,.Saharna,'_ prirnele investigatir.
    'i'1 rarcti,.r 8, I999r. 5 l-68.
    I-er rschi t;.n. 2002: ,i\.1. l-e:vinschi. li. Covalenco, Il. Abi:io,,,, Folificatia getici "Sal-rar-na-L,a Revechin"-- sisrerr.rul de-
    Iensi\' 'f y'x,]5'tir I I 100r,;{] -r.8
    l4urtt';ranu :lCt04t 0, i\'lurt1eanu. Prr:liminlrir prrr.ind sistemr"rl det'ensiv de la Cosiiuti, judelul Soroca. ln: Cercetdri arheo-
    L.rgict,: in llepLrbli,r'r \{oldova ( 1000-200i) rl) (Chi;;inriu 2Cr0,1), 9 L-96.
    l,{urtt:anu lC[]4a: rO. l\{irrrteanlr. l.-e:s elements; du svsteme rleltnsif Ce Cosduti. in: Thracrans lrnd circumpontic Wr.rrld (II)
    r.Chigrriir.r lC)0.1) 8.2- 1(l:1.
    l"lusteatd 100'l: S. Mr.rsterttii. Unelc consideralii prreliminare plivrnrl leyultatele cercetairilor arheologice din caclrul cetdtii
    1,:eticc N'ldgciiuti-Cetrrte. In: l'h'acians and,:ircumpontrc \\/oriC. IX-th Internaticlnal rCongress o1 Thracologi. (Chigr-
    rau 2{10.1 ).8ii-90,
    i'JicLrliti g.;r 1995r I. l,ir,--uliti;i. S. l'r',rclor". A. Zanoci, Silpi.turih: arheologrce cle a Butr-rc;ni, raionul Orhei (1993-199.1).
    ln: Cr:r'ce,thr': arlrlrt r.rgice 1n lri,r nord-trac[ (l.t (BLrcurt:gti 199:),472-190.
    |-Iiculita5.iL'l)99:I.T''}']icrrl;ta'lj.luIatv.:er,.EdPotinga,Ceta.tea
    rorcl-lr.aca (lli) (llr,rcure;ti I 9!)!).), 219-343.
    l,licLrlita ;..r. 20{-tll: I l\icuiiti. S Teodor', A ZrLnoci. Elutuceni. Monoglaf ie arheololqica Bibiiotheca 1'hraco)ogica
    (XX); VI) (Eiricurrl;ti 1002).
    l'tricLLiitd. Tlantrci lltl()4: i. Nrcul;iiii, A,. Zanaci. Sistemul dr:fe'nsi r la traco-ge{ii clirr regiunea liis;trulLri N4ijlociu. In:
    'l'hracirrls and cir,;itnlpt:,ntic V"-r'ld (.II;1'31.t1t1ntl.t 200.1), 101-I29.
    ['avlo',20C,(): N'I. Prrvlor. Nlateria]c ilntropol(i_gi(:e gr arheozoolog,ice de la cetate.r Rucli - I-a $angrri. Tyragetia 9,2000.
    ti3-r l[.
    ':iil.bl-rArnaLrti9!):j:\/SirbLr,f,.,,\r.r.litrt,Incirita
    trin arfreolog:ice 1n irxia no1'd-irilca (I) (BLLcure;tr 1995) 378 400.
    'l'cnc'i..c,
    Z.rrlipciiin 1000: 14 l'clcirrc. G. Zasipchin. Date noi ile la cetatel Ruclr - La $anfuri. Cararterizarea tipologica
    :;;i crorolrrgicii a ,,ornp)exelor lrchise. In: Tvragetia 9, 2000, 1tr1-112.

    []satair. l.t:,.'irscl-u 19!lr5: tr. ljsataia. Al. Levins:hr. Saharna. In: Cronica cercetZ.rilc)r arheologice (,\:XIX) (ClLtl-Napoca
    1995t 7t3 11 .

    Tlanoci 199|i: ..\. zlllnoci. l-rort:frcali il: g:eto-cla,:ic: din spafir.rl ,ixt:racrrpatic in secolele VI-l.II a Chr. (ISlucure$ti 1998).
    Zlanoc, Mirr:\(:ev ll{)01: A. Z.itnoi:'i !i. Matveer', Sitr-r1 tlirc,r-ltetic }lagcdufi * De:alul r,:el Mare. In: l{apnaltt B.qaBHIIFIj
    1\4ali:piarn rrixrnapo;1uolo crr:.rnoriyrry). Oarpltica - Kapnarnra l-5 (Yxropol 2CO:Z) i!i5-98.
    ll,anoc200j":,,\.Z,irnoci''.l'rac'o-getiit'lirrtlazinulRirutuluiInfer.iclr.(]etateaMd9ct-rr.r1i
    c:ircurrrpc:ntrc Worll (ll) (Llhigindu 2004) 4:;-61.
    2,anoc, NtLricktvrtn 20t-)4: A. Zanoci, \,i. Mollo,ran, Gertic crtaclei Sahalna - "1,a $anr;. In: f'hractans and circumpontic
    tiVorlcl (ll) (Chi;irtiuL 20114) l3t-118.

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    t1 n u

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    DrruzRnen Ar/tFot?Er-oR GREcEgTl it\l nectut'tEA NoRo'vEST
    iru secorELEi Vl - V a'Cnn'

    Nataiia llateev ici, Chiginii u

    t:',t(ril1.'lLilt(tit'ttritltreyrtt'::rctttttltrt('l(tliitlt'st'ltitrtbt'-rtsocielatcctsclcuctgistu'titeaci'i'

    t!:l.1r.t.t C )1l.t1tt!!.1b:.'ll .'I)etl';!i..'K1't'\1 t!(tCe'let!ttL\l i/ tl(1t!tltllLt r'tlll'\l l)!Op:OBUe 0lltHot4leltUtl'

    ',',1'ly.t11f117ipt;t'ttt|c:;|.:t,|lli:,ltittql,tlc!t.:,.eI(l,Ic|l\tirltrIttltl,',;0|tl(titie.\c,\c;l\l,ll/l

    Pcrtclitth|]|C)|'c}l()gi.lt.pl:lsalirirrtreacicuajur:ndtateasec.Vlliisec.Va.Chr.,reprezintdetirpadc- centrelor producdtoa-


    ir, r,:gi,,rea bu-eo.<rrrpritici. .Numarul
    ticbut ,r ri:irr!iilor. ..rner,. iare ;rrec,r-barbar.e este destul de "modest"' cruprin-
    r.e qrece$tr. cirt'c iir.rnt alr relrri:e it o."rif'otcs'ii'p""o"d''utupttti'v[' Ce'trUl neidentr-
    Kl.zOmene' Lc:;bOS' Sittttos"l'haSOS 5i
    ;t,lncl dO"ir cit.el'it i:(lntr. lnecli terltlte"ut'^Chit-'''
    lip .Prothothasol;'
    l'itrlri. (:ate procittt':clt anlf ''fe ale a9a - numiir-ilui Printre
    l\mf,c,relc trrnpurii d. Llhros silnt atestat(:
    in l5 puncte. dintlc care trei sunt colnplexe funerare'
    c:it gr cele cu gitul cilindnc'
    .ce stc exlrnpiare i:Lr't iii.t state ata.
    amfore chLote tirnpurii cu gltr-rrumfrat, t)6- l i 2') cu sfir;itul
    Luntlat, datate iupa RLrbun
    (Py6an
    cele rnar tin.qrurii ur cl.rrrte cu gitu l ,1982,
    2,4'E)' unde aliituri rie
    srcrt ar
    'j're,
    s:c. v a.crrr,, aulost atesrate lacetatea g:ticd stinceit] lfrg
    sec. VI_pr-irnrrl (FlorescLr' Ra!a'
    tip, a i,rst d.r.op.iitn gi o anrfori intfegibila
    nrri rnuir,e: 1r.;Lgn"re:nte cle anrlirre iile acestui cu gitul umflat' cu o da-
    pir:rorLt;e' aparlinlnd amf'crel.rchjote
    lltr5c),lll) ,tie 2.:itr. Frirli;rrente de girturi 5i
    I l\'i:rt,:r'rLlr,tl arlicrtsttc ttl':'' tI llt:-r Io; ilt'eritpentrucerceIilredet.dtredrraS].etldtlt..citeiaiiaducemsincerelenOas|fe
    nrirltulniri ;;: lle lic:easti calc
    \''olurtri l. \r. I 111

    lare ;,Lnalor3tcii. au Jbst sesizate Jlt nqezarea Bradicegti, in plnctul Odaie Dea|-rl Beschiei, datirte cu sec. V
    -
    ;l.C n I . (lconlrmu 201112 6l fig. 1.1,12), Crcde'm, totu$i, cd prel;ele ar puteit fi <Iatate cLt pnrna jumdtate a sec. V
    It.C rt . (fiil. i.7). FnLsmenre d,3 :rmfore chiote timpurii iru fol;t se sizate
    $i in cetatea FlirropLri Mare (fig. 2. i I ),
    t:are:, in ltrr;riirile dtsFrre rczulta.t:le inves;tig;atiilor. cu tor.te r:ir sunt ilushate, nu sunt mentionate in text (Ce-
    lrotitt'enc0 1\)97,219: 9e6oralleF{I(o. Cyr56rrruH 2000, 1321tuc.3,13).Irragmente de vase similare sunl des-
    0opellte h a,lezntea nrixrzi Maj,r,.i (LlepHnxos 1960, 200'1 rif.g.2,l9), in agezan|: Gradelir:y iII qi Hansca aLr
    lbst s;ernnal:rte {l'agr:ncntr: de arnfbL'e chiote tirnpurii, ce la fr:l se incadrcazd irl perioada r:uprinsi intre sf1rgi-
    trrl i;e:i. Vi-sec. 'v/ ir.Chr. (N,len<,Noua 1963,70-72: Amdr-rt 1t003, 90).
    I:lasrnente de,atrifot'e chiote cu giitui urmflat, ciirc sL.nt datatein pnn:ia-jurLdtate a sec. V qi al trei-
    lea slert;rl ircelui;rq;i l\ecol i-ru l'r,ts;t semnalate in cetatea
    €,etica de Ia Butu,:eni, pnntre cal.e menfronim
    tnai rniilt;l ft'rsrnente dr: picrc,ru$e, buz:e, gituri (|{icuii1a, Banaru 1997,313\-383; N{ateevici 1999, g6;
    l'Iu1e:3l,igi 200tir, '7''i.r (lig, 2.!1. t:1.18-19) l,a Buiuceni nrai remarclm qi l.ragnrent.c rle amlore chiote
    Iimllr.rrti ,';u giitul ,-:riindric, plijducerea criirora inr:epe rjin ai treilea slert al sec. \/ a..Chr.. (Mateevici
    1999. f ie. 1 3-(,) (1rg. 2.J3- 16.).2)
    l:'rezcnt,r ltntotclor cLt giturL umflat incadlate intre sfdrgitul sec. VJI ;i prima jumdtate a sec. V
    r,.Cll. a i'osi, scntnll,rli la a:ieu ulezL Cirltr:uciu (lllep6rtKcBa 1997,169.Iarc,voi, rnedrt, ptesele se pds-
    l:'eazit in l\rltizeul iltb,:rratorului ,\r'heolc'gi: al Lhrrverstrtafii din TiraspoJ). in aqezarea greco-bar-bard No-
    'no-i'lekrlt:;ovka II rLu 1itsl sesizetc fragme,nie de amlore chiotc iimpurii, rtrit cu gAtul Lrmflat, clalale cu
    rrijlocrul r,oc. \,' a.Chr. (f ig..Z,-:-6), cit gi ale celor cu gtitul cilindnc, datarea cdroruL lltarline celei cle a
    t-oti,-r ium,iti!i a sec. 'v' n.(Jltr, (tig.2.\71((,'ano;,rnrixon, E1ty.axo, KoxoraLp.l 1999,93-94).
    O amt'o'a intrcgitrrlii cu g;) u1 umflrrt,r f'ost recuJrerati din tumulul lG de la AdZigol (fi_e.2,2), care,
    1'r vi;rtunc;i ttol,tsjtt'ir, (ionforll unalogiilor crLlnosc'ute, s-ar plltea data cu pr,ima jumitatr: a sec. V a"Chr.
    .rrceasti piesir a fosi pLrbriicatii cc,;ercetatorul german ll..lber1, insd. tiir?i i,L se oferi 1\icadrarea ei crono-
    lrlSi,lr,, (EbeLt l9l:i, l.l-13 Abl,. 9,10). O alta amforri chiotd intregibila provine drn tumuiul scitrc de la
    ('tolrr"Lrcir-r (r'\rr'.itrulr.uon. Oy6Solmt IC)9'i,186) (fig. ll.1). Piesa zr fost gdsitri inrpreund cu alte obiecte
    cle ofrand:t: 'iiLri'Liri rJc slis.le{i de bronz, lp icd zorrniorfii in aur, care penduleazd j'ntr-un diapazon crrono-
    logir-: dest-rl .le lrlrg -,\nuine iarrrlof a ciriotri lL contribuit 1a atestarea acest,-ri complex ci.tre cea de a doua
    .jttrnrilate ir sc:c \/ a.tllhr (l:'})'6r,ur 1!)82. 96- | l2).
    Fragtnentul unei urnlbre t:liiote cll gitL'l umflat a.ios. depistat Ei la fcr-titicalia Satu Nou II- Novo-
    :;:l' :;koe it (1ig. .l,2lf ).
    .,r\.rrf(ri-e chir:te trrnprurii surrrt;mentionate $i in;Lgczarerr de la Nemirovo (ilaxrr{HaL21000, 216). Lipsa
    ilustrr,.tnlcrr tipulLri rle rrmlbre ctriote cle la agezarea Nernirovo, nu ne poate ofled posibilitali pentru o da-
    titre nuri cr(act{i a pres,elor. Bdruim, totugi, cd ar prulea ft vorba despre antfole chiote cu giitLrl umflat,
    It:re;;ind c|n rJatalea rnt{orelc'r'i:'haice cle a aceastilapezare. O situa{ie similard se ?ntAlneqte gi in i:l$eza-
    t"r:a i\;,,liss-trt (I-anisa 1r.t84. 71,).
    Sipre resret, ?nsri. o d,:ltare rrtaLi precisiL a pies;elor arnfonstice chiote de la turnulul scitic'7 de [a Ko-
    vrlcvha, er:;te: irnporiitriliL, deoarece, autoni nu au r;ocotit de cuviinfa sd ilLrstreze ptesele, ltmit0ndu-se
    clcar l-r iltootirrrtLrci.rL tipLrlui aillirristic chi,rt: cu gAtLrl umflat, datAndur-le tradrilional cu sec. VI-V a.Chr.
    (l(ontLanet,Lxo, [:il nar;arr. I-anpu.rNlx I !)7 8, 7-5 ).
    Ii greLL tle :;pur; cr,r r:crtitu,Jinrl cevir concret despre a:;u-numita amforii <,rcu gAtul plin>, atestatd in
    i.liezrtea erctrcrt r\lcr.:clilr - L.a (lrr<.lon. datatal cll iiec). V a.(lhr. (HaheLl 199[:i, 120). Aceastd infbrmatie a
    fost deja preluatii;;i cie alli cr:rcetf,tr:ri (KitSuba, Haheu, l-evilki 2000, 110). t9lioinolul ne fiind accesi-
    lr l, "t'porlLe corLstirl.u, cii ilustrrrlra rediLtir de aulorul publicatiei, nicr pe cleparte nu prezinta o amford
    cirio:ii cu lratul urn{1a:, (t{aheu 1998, i33 fi_e, l0.ll. Plin u'male, piesa nu porrte Ii inclusdin aceasti ca-
    te go:ie, dcqi matenLr:rlc ceramice dr: l'acturd lclcala. ce sein<:adreaz[in diapzLzonul cronologic al sec. \/I -
    \r a"(*lhr., sllt al.csl.i,rtcr'in aceastii agezarc.
    tln alt cenllu qrecesc, cirrc expolta nLlrrfa in amb,alll amforislic in rr:giunea vizatd in ac:eastd
    p,:rioudd. csle ]-,es;llrosul. Amlirrc ale accstLri polls au fost sesizate in l0 puncte. doar prtru clintre
    cirre siLlnt irabitute. lllerle rnai tirnpurii rrnl'ore de rlestros au fost atestate in agezarea traco-geticir de
    liCurteni, r',:pLe:zcntrte plin rr ri mLrlt-- fragmentr; de lorrte (Iconomr-r l'91'9,82). Un git de am1'ori
    dr: Lesbos a f'ost. clc:sr:oprent in r;rezarea Oiobruciu, fard a fi specific;atii provenienla ei (Illep6ariona
    Lt)qi',169,'i (fig. 10, 5) Pie:;erlc, provon.te din siipdturi e recente, au reiconlril'mat prezenla acestui
    Rcuista,4rlrcolosicd. Seie l9ld
    1[| ----
    centru la Crobru,:riu, prin 1i'agmentul unul picior:uq de amford
    ro;tatrcd, aparlinlndLesbosuluit' Atat
    di,rtar.ea pir::sel6lr de, Lli Cr-rterii, ci,t gi celor cle Ia. Cjobruciu
    se incaclreazld intre sfirqitul sec' Vl -in-
    'V a.Clhr:"
    ce:putul sec.
    C irnil-orii1ntregibilir ilpar-linAnd ercestur polis;, a fost recuper-ata ciiin
    tumllul scitic 1N de la AdZigol
    'TaLt.9316) (fig. 1,29). Amfora de la AdZigol initial fu-
    (Eibert igl3i.21Atr,b,. 28/:Mc,Ha;ioe Lgg(),4;.21
    sesi: incl*sri in acest cgnrpler furerar scitic, datat cu
    primul s{ert al sec. IV a.chr' (Mouaxon 1999,
    'l'otoclatd, acelapi ar tor ntengiona prczen{a r:el pulin dubioasb a aces;tei piese in complexul lespec-
    -126).
    sec. V a.Chr. Probabil, primul cierce-
    ti.v,, intr.iicirt allrforn de L,erbos are o cu totul altd,latire -?nceputul
    tatc,r al nec.roprtler de la LrJZigol nu s--a clarificat pe deplin
    in stlatiglafia l.umulului, sub mantaua caruta
    cr-r at€il. mai mult cd aceastd necropo-
    posil]il ca ar mai 1'r cxistlt qi un ah complex din pelioada ciasrcd.
    r"i, dupii cl.rrl s-rl rnontionrt in cazur amforei chioie,
    conlinea qi inmo|mar:Ltari din perioada respecttvd'

    ilirl
    (,
    t\ \-o
    r/
    ,,'

    lYI
    V,) I

    (il-
    q\
    \t -n1
    l! "
    " t--;a

    0,fi3 J>S
    il )12 ld

    Fig. 1. Amfc're cle Lesbos 9i Samos;'

    l.liculitd, S. Fidelski, carora le aducem


    (;;;;,.,;];;,;;, _.u ,r.t,.,amabilitatii autorilor sspdturii E. rarovoi, I.
    sin.:erelt: n,:)astre nrirltirmiri ;i pe 'rcelstd cale'
    \'',lt,rttt,l L .t,: 1
    113

    amfori1 cu corpul bornbat din tumului 7 rle 1a Corjova erit considerate ca, apa(inand
    \,lult tinrp
    unui l:entl'u necunos(;ut (6op:rrrnrc, MaH:ypa. Jleiluqlllrfr 1981, puc XII,2t5) sau unui cetttru ionian
    rL:corrcret;zat (,,\,rniiut, :1003. ')l). i\naiizind acaastii pier;a drn punct de ver:lere morfologic, metric qi
    srrltctura 1:asrtei. pLltent afirnli,:ir lecipientul dat este o rmford ro;iatrca d,:: I-esbos, datata cu prima
    ;umiitlte tL sr)c. '!/ a Chr. (fig | ,3). Recipiente amforis;tice de Lesbos au mari {bst semnalate in necro-
    prola r.le la Ma.jal< {.1'ig1. 1,[), un,:ie in morrnint aldturi de iimfora propriu -
    zisit au mai fost recuperate
    ;; altt.: prese. precum ar l'i vlt-lruile de srigeli de l:ron,z, care dateazli intre sec. V- I'y' a.Chr. Autorri
    trrublir.'a1ier, insiL, au datat ccmplexul nu dupd anrfor6, ci dupiL viirl'ur"ile de siigeli - sec. IV
    aCl"r (C,,'56oruir, L)rxoriqnror 1981, 106). Totuq;i, cr:1 rnai exact reper r:ronologic: timpuriu rdmine
    anfora, dutarea clreia ar fi rnijlocLrl - sfiLrqitul ser:. V a.(lhr. Credenr ci itct:e:t;i datare o are 9i picio-
    nr;;Lrl de arnlorii der llu nec:rr>po!rr l(ovalcvi<a II (I(ontauerF.o, Eivnart{n,.faapu;rrcx l9'78.62) (fig. i,6)
    q; fnr1;merrtul a;lfolr:;tic rle lrr cctatea getica Stolnicernr (irtedit, fig. 1.7)'.
    Firagn-entuJ nc t:x,ptfcrstv a.l uner arnfure cenu;;ii do Lesbos a fost recupefal din cetatea RutLtcenj,
    c,.ire poiltc fi daurt 1n linritele s,(,,1 V a.Chr (Mateevici 19!)9, 178 fig. 1,10). I?rezenfa amforelor acestui
    rrrr1.,1,',.l merrjiteraLnean este semnalatd in aqezdrile Zalissj;r (fauina 1984,7'7) 9i Ir,'ane-Puste (fauiua
    1t61i. 106-l l7).
    f,i niiri ntic cst,;: nurniilu] lrlJnumentelor arhec'logice la care au fost atestate aml'bre de Samos - 4,
    c'[ipt1c ctu'i] clollii sLlflt" cornpl,c;(l l''Llnerat'e, Cea mai tirnpttrie prezentri a Sarnosului in regrtinea vizata
    er ;tc i-t ,estlll d in age;u ar',la Curler .l'e,pl-e;zentatir fiin,J prtn picioru; $r partea srrtpel'ioard a
    vasului. datitte
    'VI \,/ (frg. 1,9-i[0.). SfArqitLrl sec. VI - ince-
    cl a doua jumiit;rtc - st'iirqitul scc. --inceputul -qec. a.Chi.
    irLrtul sec. \/ a.[]hr'. c:ste:
    pedolriiL vehi,:ul5r'ii arnfcrei sa.niene. intregibile rJin tumrrlul scitic 46 tifig.
    1,8) t;ri a l'r'tigntentrrlLri cle fric ot"u) der amfori samilnd din tumuhrl'13 cle la Dr.rb,dsari (l{erpap,r',
    Lep:3a lr)Eri, l[r3. pric. 14,6-'') (fig. 1,3). Din recentele cercet[ri la fortificalia geti,:d Saharna -- La
    Rer,,:r.,hin ilr,lyirle qi fr'agmentul unut F,ic or de anrforii a acestui cenr.ru, avi).ncl o datare ascmdnitoare
    (l-eyrlschr. l)cipachil;i, Duleu 19199,66-tjl) (fig. I,i2). irragmentul unci arnfot'e samiene (piciorug) a
    1r)st cle sccrllerit lin cot tteii Butlrc ,:tti' (fig. t, I I ).
    '1.has9sul. ilentrLt grocesc junoscut, care in slec. \/ a.Cht'., incepe livrarea md.rfurilor lichide in
    iLmfr_,re in reqiunea nlrci - ves,t prJnticd. [,a etapa iniliala de piitrundere a miirfurilor"g;receqti ?n aceas-
    tir rcgrir:nc:. I)re;.crnl,a rmforist,r'i thasilinlr este rierrnalatii deja din prima jr:lrnittater - mijlocul sec. V
    rL Cl"rr la (.)et,:lteil Stiinr.:e;ti prin flaEgniente: cle buze3. CAte va fragmenl.e de atnfore
    thasiene timpLrni au
    ii)st leculor.ute;;r la r:ctarea Butuccni (Mateevici L99t),17). Precizdm, cZr piesele clln aqezarea Huqi -
    (torn", consider"atc r:ir: noi inili rl ca apirrlinind irrLpr:rrl.ultri thasian tiinpuriu (Mateevici 2002,55-56),
    irt rcalrtal.: s-iLu ad.everrt a fi t'ralgmente,Je antlore herat;leote, cu tcrate cd cercetdtoarea S.Teodor le
    nrentjcneuzii c1 piesi: d,: irnpor-: rhasian ('Ieodor'.t981, 185,). Ultimele cercr:tdri de teren, efectuate in
    1ieza1-ea Ir,ovo-lr{e l,:r'rrsovka lli, uri scos la il,eali gi prezen!a amforelor tirnpurii ale'I'hasosului,
    datarea
    clrori se 'ncadrr:az:ii irl a douit.lutniitato a soc. \'a Chr."
    publi;lnri rrratr::riirlul ce rirrnirl n'ecuperiit clin tumulul scitic de la NicOla,3vka (Iitirnot'ka), cercetd-
    tgar.r:r,, A.-l l,lle [.julirtra semnalr:a:rit i]rezenta aici atirt lin tnantaua tumulului, cdt 9i i'n
    umplLrtura mor-
    nientr.rlui .1. a fraqn:entelol dt: irmfore lrototl'rasiene, clatindu-le cu sec. VI-V a.Chr. (Me,rrcxona
    1984, 96- q7). (.lrpnntcne)nta NLce s,tor pleile, a fost strrbilitii rie regretatuI savilnt lr-r. Virrogradov). Doar
    ?n

    clo'?i punt:te alc spu{ir,rlr-n bugo - carpraticr a fost scsrzata amfora de Klazorrrene -ir:r irqezdrile Ciobru-
    ciLr Nentiroyo, 1rn,Je au fost rccuper-atr:1i'agnientel(3 nlai multol amfore, apirr{inlrrd acestui centrll
    1i
    srecLtsc,printrecaretoi]l'tcdc;rnt'oreprctatecuvoprie'l]maronie,lleretip,icioru$e,iarmart'ecentqi
    buze (lj,lcpt:arioBzr lg9'7, 1,67: rnedit5) (fig. 2,10.23); (Baxruna 20Cr0, 2t) Incadrarea crclnologica a

    itnplltulr:iarnl'rt,rirsti<: al
    aces;tr.ti corcspunde r;fiir;;it.ului sec. Vl 9i sec. \'/ a.Chr-
    Frolis

    I
    sir.rcr,:re multumir-lcolegului T. hrni.uri pentru prtsibilitarea de ii cerceta rrlate|ialul inedit rJe la stolniceni.
    t piesr:t r'e.iit6. cul.e rre-,r lbst rrfi:riti. 'u bunii\,c,intd de cdtre autorul sdpdturilor I. Niculil[, cdruia ii aducem sincerele
    n()lri.r'r'mu tul:lif i \'i I'r,: lr;.'lsti;lle. 'fcodor'pen:r'u
    i Sinc.,rele roi,strc rnpl(urlrri dnei Ii. posibilitalea cle a cerceta piesele inr::dite de: la Stlnceqtt.
    ,lnf.t ntatti r.e-a fost ol'elitd cu rirnabilittti: de ciitre autorul s;dldturiLol I. Ilrujako, pentru care ii ilducem:'incere
    nrulturn rri.
    it4u l l r-rrniIr le ltoa:;i.re
    ,--&r ut;lS-ArlUpJp-g4!,-Sett',t o,, it
    111

    Depist;ireiL ia u.ceasli et:rpri n 2l de monumentc balbare, in care fost surprinse itmft)l'e gre'ceqti,
    aLl

    ne \,'orbe$te in prirrtrl riirci cie situalia demol3raf iciexistentipe atunci in aceste teritorii. Pe de o parte
    cli:nsrtateiL populaliei aut:rhtone la aceastd,3tapA este nesemntl'icativd, lar pe de alta - comunitalile
    barbare in sec 1r1 r7 n.Lll. lru ajung ?nca la un nivel de dezvoltal'e ec:onomica qi politicd necesard,
    c:arc sd le pelnritd intplic rrea tnastvit ?n comer{ul cu populalia nou-r'enitir.
    A,Jou,l jum3tiate a sec. \y'l - sec, V a.Chn'. sermnificd petttru lumea greceasca din reqiunea cir-
    cLlmponticii, periorldt de rLparilter ;i stabiliz:are a rnajoritalir agezi,rllor ?ntemerate de cdtre colOnigtt
    Pr:rrtr-u:31<.rniqtti qri neguri.orii grerc:i, interesele prioritare, la acel moment nLl erau ilxate asupra stabili-
    rii Lr:la.lrilgr.c6melciale iuratlle qi permanent,3 cLr popula{ia locald. Bineinleles, trebuia sa treaci o
    rrrirrrnilii perioaclii de si,al: ilizare itr urma cdreia si apard necesitirtea de ar consolida Ielatiiie comerciirle
    cu lligttnit5it,

    0 t0 IF
    i{f[
    q/
    L'l

    \ )

    T'c ' -,
    t

    { 1

    ll

    I r IIJHJfu
    l6
    ID
    ltl
    t)
    18
    19

    Oil1[1 LJ
    22
    2l
    Fig. 2. Amfore de Chios, Klazomene 9i Tl'rasos.
    ol,r:4 1 N,J
    115

    '{pat]}ir in reqtunea nord-'/est potlticd a mdrllrjior lrece$ti din centrel) expofti:ltoare. cunoscute in
    lrinrl fa::ii it dc'zvoltrilii cometir:lui greco-barbar, poater fi Lxplicata
    gr prin faptul cd, probabrl, aceste cen-
    rre nu i;i giiseatr un de'buleu
    Propice peltrLl realizalea rrarJulrlor saie ?n ti:ritoriLrl grccesc propnu-zis.
    '{cci;le polisulr sunl' trer''oite sir-;;i inrJrepte privirile spre alte regiuni, in,;i nevalodficate,
    (lelc cllcLLrllponlice' I]ste curclslrut cd in cazul dat, spre
    A,tena 5r Sanrorsul erau prrncipralii pr<-rdr.rciiton rje ulei
    t-- -, - ; de masline in
    lLllrrc''tgti:;'lca lnsridator-rtaFrut:ni politrccsi celereconcinilceAtenas-aimpuspepiatalocald,elimind'd
    t:oncltrent"tl pnncilral - Samos;1. intr-o nrdsurd mar
    mic'a, Lesbosul, care r;au'vazut nevoifi sir-gi aieaga
    irlte r'lirectii cle r:orrtctcializare I tnatfurrlor. o situa{ie sir-rilari
    poate fi urmiiritir gi in privi.ta centrelor
    ilxPoltato:ill'er de v'irlul'1, cum Lll fi Konnthul pi Chiosul. Primul.
    in vrrtutea anrplasdni saie geografice, clar
    ;i liinciprobabil m*i putemic d;n punct cie r,edere Flolitic, rletinea intiiietatea iricomerlLrl vinicolin Grecia
    conlittentrtli 5r I'eg,iunera meditet'aneand (arrrlbreie rJe Konnth clin penoacla
    arhaica gr clasicd ?n reqiunea
    rord-i'est pontitr;l sunt pritctir-'ine.xisternt:). Acesr polis a putut
    eliminA concurenJa pe plan intem a
    (lhir-rr'ulLri' crlre , ia;'iirrdLll siitt, a fost
    impris; sa-;;i cauti:pie1r: cle desfacere ale mdrfunlor sale. Aceste
    motr-
    \e sl.rLI ia baza transltlt'nliilri rilltiosului in iicierul comerlulLri vinrcol -
    -qreco ba.rbarin cea de a dor_ialumd-
    tilte a secl' \/I-scc. \;' it Chr. Dt'c:'t conflrmare ale celor €)xp,lse mai sus
    Ser'\,cgr,r gi nr-rnrarLrl monumentelor
    bat'b'llre, in care ltu l't:;t lliestrtf r .uuibre'chinte tirnpurir: ,ii"r zt
    de monurnente. l:L car-c i-ru fbst semnalate
    at.ufol e g1':rccl;ti in pcriolLrLu lc's1'l:'ctir,,ii. l-5 r:ontin arnfor.e: chiote.
    Irt sr"rstiiterr:a itjeii ilxpujlc itntcrior.;,nvinci a cloua jrrr-ndtate a soc. V.I_ser:. V aL.Chr.,
    ca perioada
    clc dcrut lr r,:l.rtijlr:rr comLer-ctial:,tjr-r3c()-biirbar.e i'n regiunr:a bLrgo_carpaticd,
    vine qi numdrul ne?nsem_
    ttltt 'Jr: Picse ln:i1'c,ttisljce des;cc,perite la rronumentelc bnbare. Daci in perioada imediat
    urmdtoare
    nunriti-t'il i.tnloLt:lol's<.:si;liite llr tt't<tnunterntele barblLrer ale ircestei regiuni
    tr.ece de cifi.a zecilrtr. la unele
    sltLtri in Detloiicla in tial:i el,e nu depa;esc ci1'r'a r:riitf,tilcr. De obicei numZirul amfo'elor in perioada
    ii'hlrii:ri nLr clcparqe :;rie cloua sau 1r'ei r:xernplure Ia fiec;lre sit.
    Dintrl: cele ll c-lt.'nlottLllllel)t,il [tat-b,are i'n care a fcrst r;esizai materialul amforistic clin sec.
    \il-\/ 'r'Clrr'.. rilLse sllrtl. a$ezdri l'orti.ficatc, noui - arpezdrr rLerlbrtificate qi gase complr:xe_qrecesc funerare (harta
    I t. (lca mlLi mirsiril pl-e;zc:n1a ir Lnrportlilui grece:sc in irceastd per.ioacld este cea iChiosLrlui (harta
    2),
    lrind r.rrrllrt cle L-csl-ros (harta 31. Siam6s, l-hasos gr prothothlrsos. gi Klazomr::ne (harta 4). Rasp1nclirea
    rl:ai Ilrrga in mecilLil b'attirr aJL ,'t:grt-ttiii nolil-r,est pontice ir amforelor chiote pi ale L,esbosuluiie poate
    e:,plic-t pt',n pto<Jucet'ea r''it-tir:o ri tlai dezvoltatii. gi interesele comerciaie al3 acestora. in soeciai prin
    1'lptLrl ca ltit ClhiorsLrl, crit q;i J-,r:;bosul. i'aciinci partr: din Liga Atenran;i. erau intr-o sttualie prt'ilegiata
    atet (Jin pttnct c1c t'eclcrc: politt<, r:iit gi drr punct de verle,re economic, iapt ce le facrlita patrunJ.r.,
    11:onorlliciliti Pont. ril-ucididc Ir;t. I,19). Prezenta,,mocleslS" a intportulur amfc,lstic sitmian in mediul
    biLrlral al s;patiulr.ri trui.'e-,'","0,,tir:, poate f i explicatd nu pr.in faptul ci Sanio:;ul nu ar fi pLrtut concura
    r-:r, ce:lL:laltc clor-rii cenlr"e exl)rrl'tiitoar.e gr.ecefti. ci printr,utr moliv mar
    simplu, in ace,ar;taperioada Sa-
    t-t"tilsttl era prittc:illalLll r::rportatot'itl uleiulrri clc nrdrsliner in regiunea norcl-r,es;t ponticd. Cunoaqtem,
    cd
    ul;-rul dt- lrits;line e|a firlostt in r:antittiti mult mai rnir:i cler:iit vinul, de,ci, Si c,3r'el'ea amforelor samiene
    l)i: plala gf i;1111iJ;r;rnlLct ela m;ri rricri. ccrmparativ cu r:entr,:ie exportatoat'e de: vlnulr,
    z\llitlii'.,-t lrittt'LLnr:L:rii in me,Jiul irarbar al regiunii norci-vest pontice in se,c. VI-V a.Chr. a amfbre-
    lo: -grcce$ti. rlerrrons;[.'eazi cii, n cele miLi multe cazuri, consllmator:ir principali ai acest6r procluse
    ct'Lu triLrurile sedentltt'r: lle tnt:ilor seplel lrionatti. Astfel, am{bra chrota f:str3 atestrrld cloar la 4 com-
    1)l,rxe lLrneritr3. celela 1e 11 fiinrl habitate, cea dc L.esb,cs, atestatd in ti hatritlite rpi 4 comple.xe funera-
    lc ial';unfrlra sarnirnit,, atestittir in 4 purrct,:, dintle care clcar 1 flind complex funera1.,Aceeagi situatie
    cs e cllrselr,rrtii;r 1ti'i,,'ind export.il thasran gi cel ,Ce Klazonene. Una,Cin exprlicaliile itcestui fenomen
    i,n plllca fi :;i fa;rtul ciL relaliiie rlintle grecr qi la dceosti etapd purtau ur]L caracter pagnic, ceea ce
    -ee!i
    se erplica prin a','anl-a.jele ecoromice reci:roce. Dr:;rlt5 ratura erau relafiile: noilor
    -,n,eniti cLr scrtii,
    clirr ptu tea i.:droril tottlertunii persista pericolul une,i incursirrni.
    Clcloni;ta:ea terll.r:'r'iilOr not'c[-r'est pontice, ?n special a regiunii NistrulLri [nferior era strins legata
    de cuntlitgti::rea <ic ciitte 5lreci a: itr-raliei etr.)o - cultururle, a lcestei zone gi a1egereu Lurui monrent c,pol.-
    ttttt, cAttd rr':la:irle dinLt''c L-ele: tl'cr cornponente etnicr: principale: greci, geti gi sciti eruu pegnicc.
    E,sle er idi:nt lii fiip,tul cd sr:o1tul pnncipal al coloniqtilor.greci, 1a mrlmentuLl inteme,ie,dr colonirlor in
    :r:r'itoriile p,;lpulatc clr:: autolttoni :rrit ttLt afAt stabilirea gi <lezvoltarea relatiilor econonrice cu indigenri. ci
    li i d-.i:t'ab,.t de zvitllrLrcl propr-ie,i ploductri ,]grare ;i nteqtegrtgireqti (Cauor.i:rosa 2000, 85-86).
    Rer.,istgtilr,Lcolag,s d' S ery,|g!
    I 1l.r

    anrblt-
    ,f'u cer-riturlrnc. lir acr- relaliilr:r g|ecrJ-indigene pIOdUSele greceqti' Ce necesitltu
    tsti t:tup,ii u
    principalul consumator al acestora'
    lai anrfr:ristic, erau clestir lte <loar alistocraliei lribaie, Care era
    peritracid, cr: contin ambaiaj amforistic clrept
    )Vlajoritatea crlrnprexelor Iuner.are barbare din rlceastd
    r,n\/entar de.rfr.rindE, apar-rn reprezentan{ilor
    pdturii soctale instirit.e a indigenilor' Drept confirmare
    pier;c, de c,lranclri, d.epistate in ateste complexe: un
    numir impunitor de vArfuri de si-
    tcl'V3SC ;i
    q{::ii li aplici cle aur la [] obruiciu (Agr.rlnicov ilrl0-'i, a3 tig'
    '1te 2,2), obtecte de bronz' afme' armuri la
    (Eb-ert t9t-4, 12-13; Kerpapl" Cepona 1992' 164;
    AclZilgol, Du6asari, Kor,alei,'l<a I[, Majakr
    oxotsptXC'n 1 9i3 1, 106)'
    Konnag,:urr,r, Iiyuilrsu. I' mprurcx 1978, 75 ; C1'rjfi 1'trn,
    aceasta perioada' provin, de regula' din
    I)iesele amforistice d:scoperite in habitateler barbare din
    locale' GhidAnclu-ne dupd celelalte piese se-
    c:.mJrlexele loc.ti.,r,t. care ar plttea aparline aris,tocr^tiei
    uncle aidturi rle fiagmentere amforistice aul mar
    srzatc in aceste c'nrplexe c, i" lc,cuin{a de la Curteni,
    1979"81-85)' sau in complexul de
    frrst sernnalate riasc:r cle trur (lconc,tnu l()18-''tg,2l'17-220;Iconomu
    Aceste mbrturii ale schlmburilor de
    cr.rlt,Jin aDezi:lrea rje la CiobrLLciu (lt{ep6arrlna lg\)1,169-170)'
    greco-trartrare (l1ui<1'llru: 1987' 34)'
    ntrirturi viiclesc cu ptisostr(a o etapa rje debu't irrrela{iile
    l--==7-=-=7 --;*
    l/\. )
    | \ "-

    | .r (. *-.*r
    ./--r
    l'rlt\\.
    ) \_-.
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    1p
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    li:t lt)i: ),,,s,\
    (i:!1(/t t ,;,;)*
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    Viii2i/it'it>;i:it " \9\
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    I I ',.'..r.,/,.Y "'.2't2't
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    li'''',,/4flr:,,i,fi
    I
    l:1jl,7,7rti:%7 V,i
    liftii,a:"?i,ti,%,1 /,/,/ /
    /a/

    '/1 (
    Vi:7t(i;1'r1,lt'fu,z
    | \'a \,'.1'\.;1ji1z, lv{area Neagra
    vt)7 ...1.)</)\\','
    ,
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    \ r\:.:- \\. '*: i*

    l':
    I r-l
    \ \,
    t,
    I-
    - I0l - necropolir.
    t\ t''', ''tr =*
    F-
    Y-
    1)- lorlrltclit.c
    Il____j1a-*----v / !=* n- a$r-2lllfc
    - Vl-v a' chr: 1 saharna-La Bevechin; 2 Butuceni;
    3
    l-larta 1. DifuzareeL amlroretor grecegti ilr sec.
    Frartopur rl4are 4 -ruoas"ari'i; i";;;;'
    6 *l1l'"^1i11:t^9i:::Tly.(it':.ir.?;
    :"?i:trt%lii"",ll3"li)i3
    il?L"J#:i'ii';i.,i,,i'liil; ii
    r.iil6ru"uxa; r:z r'ri,vo-r.r"riu.ouru
    -igZatissja;
    20
    ri; rg iurteni;
    lverne-Puste; 21
    14 Kovaievka rr; 15
    Satu Nou ll (Novo-
    lid:Zigot; 1ri Stolnpenr; 17 Hun""u; 18 Nemircvol
    sel'skoe ll,l
    I rrl il/lllrl l. )\ t . , _ _:111

    __-.*.**.*_r-*" , ^-4'l

    Herrta 21. Difu;:;arera der Chi,rs in sec. \'l-!' a- C)hr': 1 StAncegti; 2 t3rdclicegti; 3 l-lAtlopul lr4are;
    amfore|:r
    4 tlaja.lii, {r Grerciernrcy lll; }lernsca; 7 Br,rtuceni; 8 Ciobruc;iu (irgezare); 9 Novo-Nekras,svka ll; 10 AtiZigol;
    ,3

    1 Ciobrruoi.r {rrec,ropold); 12: 1,,(ovalevt<a ll; 13 Nernirovcr; l4Zirlissja; 5Satu Nou ll (Novoselskoerll}.
    '1 '1

    '
    -=-=r-;::.7-"----77"-
    \4...,
    \ ..--/
    -:-.__,^,'--*') \_=:-_==
    ;, 'r.
    ,1
    ) -..
    _ ------
    ,*.----\*, I
    .)\
    :\i\L\-11
    l''.!r\'1 \-
    l--,- \ t\ 1 )
    -"''."!il.*r,,1''-':---( '
    i''- -- -' i \
    l' *.--t-',
    "1t.
    t- -'---'"r../ t
    /2, - --.' *---.. ^t
    V,r:. f.Z:, "- -"--'.-...'\ \. . \-
    ft;7ir11,2rr,t,i7');\.'i\_')-\^i,"
    -\*'1.-. ;'L{.'2
    .-
    ! /..:::i:z::ti ;:,t)>{ -
    V,'7:;lD::,.:,'1V1t,'i'",,
    | \ \-, trl, ---'
    "\'\ i
    l'2f',.'27:.:,1;t;,>"(i2V..';,\^.\
    ,l
    117"'.;i':'(t;/iV/"'-l1 l' )l. \\-,
    ) \-
    ',+i.\'i77a');;^(
    /.1t ,1.',7i,',i
    7,i/:,l2')il/71t7i'1. \),j\ \

    )'il,i' ' ,; ;i,,il2ii t'4---'-'


    ^*,\*=1.\r- t-
    ""ttB,
    :2,'ii ...\;;,::;)
    - '{ '-i"'i.---
    (ai.'
    ft,,
    E=
    'Z::::---'
    _--!:
    )\
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    \.
    t--'",.
    '--F:
    ./i" "17-
    E_
    f-=-
    --?
    \.
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    \ \J /^J'=:

    Harta i3. []rifuzarea arnfors|r)r de l--esros in s;ec. \/l-'r/ a Chr.: 1 Curteni 2; Oiobruciu (aqe;tare);
    3l\d2igol; 4 Cr)rjrlva: 5 tvkqak, 6 Korialervka ll;7 Stolrriceni; 8 Buluceni; 9 Zalissja; 10 lvane-Puste.
    113 __ _ _&uiila ,4rlyeo_lpgtcti._5erie. norti

    I
    fl

    2n
    t''/r
    r.to,

    \u.\.?

    \_// \
    r\ l'

    l,4arca ru cagri

    SrtrrC-s it
    I(l:tzr.tl:tctr c I
    'l'l rrsos I

    Hartra 4. Di r)zarea amforelor cle Sarnos, Klazomene, Thascs in sec. Vl-V a Chr':
    1 Curteni; !l ifubisari: 3 Saharna - Lil Revechin; 4 Butuceni; 5 Ci'lbruciu (agezare);
    6:StZrnce:il;. i' Novo-Nekrasovka ll: 8 Nit;olaevka; 9 Nemircvo

    llst-e culnosct.tl. iilptLli ch 1'rnu-ile ce eralt aclllse in aceastd ileriOadA aveau tln prel destr-rl de mare
    1de e re,mplu, o amli)f5 c r vin de rlhros costa in Grecra 100
    de clrahme, pe cand pleful unLli bou erli
    d(ri.rl dc (r() d.ruhtt'rt::) 9i t jn aceste, cilnsiclerentr: mdrfurile grece$ti llll
    ,31'ltu accesiblle popula{iei de
    prea putin probabil
    r;'Lncl. La l'r:l cie sr:umpe: e 'i:rlt
    $i va.seli: de lur., in spr:cial cele ctl firnis negru. Este
    cir ne'gustrJr-ii gre,::i si-;,i t gme:rcializezc mdriurile pe piala norc[-ves;1. pontrcd la prefulr mai mici declt
    in tata lor', luind irr ,lons;t cleralte costul trans,poftullti pe mare 9i pe uscal-, putem presupune ca marfu-
    rile expottului gret:esc el'r ru chiar ntai scumpc de cit ?n metropold.
    l)eja'in sec. \r'l[ r.Chr societatea barbarii drn aceastd regiune. in speciai tliburile gelilor ca comll-
    nrtirti apric<.rle :;edcnlilre. rtinst:sc1ir gn ni\el i.r\lltsat al dezvoltirni e:conotnice. cilre ptltea crea condltii
    ldec r'ate pentru retlLl tzat'cr I mf,rfurilol g1'ece$ti gi era apta pentrll intre[inerea unor relalii de schimb cu
    sr )c i cti,rtL'i.r s -' I a,,'ati r;ti Slt--' icd (Precla 1973,3'7-3';8; FJ.uxyruus l!)i87,
    l]4; \4rhailescu-Birliba 1990, 20).

    BteltociRnrte

    -,\5rulniccv llCCS: S Agr.rlnrctlv. .n tunrr-rl scitic de lingd satutCiobruciu. Tyragetia XII. 2003.40-44'
    1

    ,{r'naLrt. l00]r 'I. Arrriiut., \'/esti:ri ale st:c. \'Ii-ill a.Chi in s,paliul de la Rdsdrit de Clrpati (Chilinau 2003)'
    (lebotlrer,co 1 99t7: Ch.ll'fL. Clel-r )t:i5.enco,
    (li:tatea hallstattiirrii tirzie de la Hirlopul lliare. In: Vestigii Argeologice din N{oldova
    tCfriqiniiu 1997), :ll i 2:lr:'
    (S,ud-ll-rssland). Prahistorische Zerntschrrft
    Irb,ert 191.3 h'I. Ebert, A.usgra .rungen arri dem Gute Maritzin, gouv. Cherson
    5, []l-1, L 8.+.
    F;lorescu. Rl!5 i96'): lvl. Iiloresc r, S. tri.a{d, Complexul dl cetiifi h'aco-getice (sec. VI - ilI i.e.n.) de la StAncegti-Boto;;ani. Studir 9i
    lMateriale (lSucea"'i'r [969).
    i qllr!r,l-1--,i', ! -- _--'-- 119

    Ir:rrnon,Lt l9l9: C.
    , 79_'i)l
    ')f9.
    clrlci ,r.Xil. ::inll. r5()-6:i.

    .l. r99ij, lll-t3.5


    F.aiub;1, Ha6eu, Ler'itl.:i
    aXXXI) (,}-rcurett i 2C)0()),
    Ler,ir:r,:hr.
    pri rnel c' ir rr,'c-s tr ltati i.' f'-vr,rgeti a V I t, I 999, 5 I -68.

    lrr: Strr<lir in llonolern I Niculila tChigrniru l9t'9) 177-i9:t.

    .1000. 75-86.
    'r,1x161gr'lci
    2,-O-1: N. llatr:er'icr.
    :13 6l
    l,1ihiiil:sctr.t|fliblLl99r.-|\/.ir4ihill:scr.r-I]il]iba.Di'ci'rris5riterniiinset:.VI-I1.e.n'I]crncllni:
    'i'he 'f r la,.:rrr' rvolti:l lt the cros;st c lLds c,f civ ilis;ttions ( Lluc u'est 199 7)' 373-383'

    r7 80
    '.-erxlt,.. 19tt i::i.'fr:od.:,r'..\5ezlreii ireto-dncicid,: ir I'luyi-Corni. lfhllco-DacicaII, 198 l' 169t-197.
    ' -Lrcidide. l)''f( tPl z\1, I.l !)

    r\r',i,HiKoir.
    i] c5: flnrorrnr:i rr aLrrl.ir{bu-r Nllgr Cesett.ro lptl'tepHo^'topbtl (O{ecca 1997). i82-18(i.

    !(J rr. (K;rutruer'; l')E2)' -\-27'

    t] c5: ).1).;Il l 'YA,, Ilai,tqrtt lO.E, ,\rr,rPeeBrr (C'a]lKr-llerep6ypr 2C00)' 209-17


    l-arr.r a i9t,:i: rJ /{ [-auiga. flgce.rreHrrq ci<ii[rcux,:ro rr;ic)')l ceri ir;arre-fi1cre. Apxeo;roril X]fX 1965'
    lC(r-117'
    ]'aHiHirl98.l:()!|,lauiuir'floce-legtttoauriuocr.itb:r,xtiii-ro6r,rn,c6.lltg.l),c.3aJlicca..,\pxec,.noril
    pat'loHe B c6: Al4M a i986
    lierltiL:r,. ( cp()g1 l!)s6: ll A, rc.rpa1r;i. H..fl. Cepoua. llcc,rejlonanufl KypmHoB n /{,6occapcxorvl
    il{tturtiHt,rtt I 992), i'+1 - 1.70.
    lioe nr.rHeHf c,. Iivrtl-ttttt.
    HB K)iKnoNt lr"'re (Krren l9'l8),7-132.
    It. B c6: lir,praHsr
    lv4e-rirlxoBa,l9,5j:,A..lliVlr:-rrrKosa,lJc':Ie.lcreattl,teI.3.rcKl1XIIa\1'THttK0BBcTenHoN,I[1o:tuecrpoe'beKCl4l\9t|'|963.2.eex Cenepo-
    lv4ei:ir-rr,oea 193,1: i\.f1. N1e-lrc,KoBii, It..rprauur crirrrfcxnx KOtt0BH11lioB
    y c. Htrxo,raeBKa. B c6: Patluuir Nele3sslir
    .ianajtttot-tt l.'lprltcpr toir'ro;lsl (Kt'i:e l!)8'1)' 90 -I03'
    (Caparon l9!)9)'
    lr{our:.ios 199!r: Cl.iO. \4c,rraxcis, f'lle ut;cxu,3 ar'ttpop,t,l e flpttveprlovopre
    1987)'
    Jrrxr.rrrut 1987: I.l.'1. [[nr.:yrriq:r,ce st:pu;te(rpaxiriluulvl-lBe.Ac'n.:(Kuut*ree
    ,'i,;f iis;i-ii' B' l'u6nu
    \eor(rr'rl tecfi IIx tta.ttrHt'ixoe Vripat tHt t (K Irer I !)82)' 96- I 12'
    r-leuoli-,toel', l(r(D: L,1

    it)rerja i00t)), 79 8(i


    ]]ano;itttttx,]g'[ip1lxc,.|(lxtlnapy'l!)!i.):l4'B.CatlrlNulrxou,1.B,[ipyllxo,
    O6iurecrsa (O.recca 199'))' 92-95
    ilerip,iconxa u. r:' 6,i;,. Xpriiirre ;,ro6ulenur_O.lcccriofo Apxeo,ror {qecKoro
    '

    r'r*r" rJ\o'fl ltl Koll


    31 56r
    cru C eee'po-l3ana..'tttorc' Ilpll'te;:r ioxlopbff (KIrge 198 I ) t 02 I ] 6'
    Llc5ot.apeHl:o.Cy,6fiorlrrr:oor:r.cp..le'5ciraperrrt,l,rt.e.i:ytioorrlH''lo:IHl:ra,lbtUTaTcIioeI.()p()nl,Ic'
    1:18-135'
    Jo6prvqlrii rorilrrecxlrii roiirn,rexc n llpeBHrre nl'nor1"po, Ilo.quec'ryoebn llirpa':nr'rrs:000),
    apr{6,o
    LIepH;lxonl960:I,1''r'LleprHrtxotl,l\1l>'r:o,torlr.te.5i'i111"'^1.''{'L!#:rol"{Hecrponcroro-rII,,I]aIIa'
    \eoJ,l( ) {-H'{ecli(lfo,J5illerlrBa | -l'| 1 (o.recc;i I 9r(r0). 209-2
    | 8'
    1

    tJ-\epi::ar<oeil)9./:,i.,A.,LI]ep6axorlii,f]o:qriea)x;tr.lecrrtiirOpn30H'TnoceJrIeHH'I
    rleBelrH0 r'o | 1pr r.rep ttor,top;s ( ( ) I ecca 1997 ), 167 - 11 0.

    Notalfu NIatecvici,
    Mtqettl Nctionol de lstorie u Molovei
    srr. :l'l liu.qust l2lA, C!ilsindrt'
    1',20 Reui.sln Arheolosicti. Sene notrd

    Ot Kyn t,tyF,HoM H xpol{ofl orr q Ec KoM cotlrHotu EH 14 14

    Anqt.AnpcKoro il SpeHEturcKoro MorutnbHnKoB

    PouaH Pit6nnoanu, Kutu-trHey

    (Llt{irttttAtttl itnori Prtqtt:trt tle pr ltulat,i dii''t:rite ltt plun ctLlttLrol si ettti'::'

    (l.titttj.tj,(l

    !.;tl;:.'ill, llL" tt ()ttLt

    itrtrl t,lt:tr tltet l.,t,long /(,,di.l".ferL', t f it, tt.tltutal ortt! ellut,'c respects) gt'oLrps oJ poptilItttott.

    oTJrIlrII4fr leyx paH-


    l{ai-*ran cTa'fbtg nocrj lIIISHa E,htfti,IIeHHK) K\/11b1'\'pH6lx I'l XDOHollofHqecKlix
    .Hijcl-)cJHegi3KOBbrK rril\'rglrrlKOB Vlo,'tJoert - .A:r,relapcKofo lI Et'';u.:urct{oro Moi'l'IrbHHKoB'
    [{a rep;luropruu lIp.r'ro-,i{uecrpoBcKr{x 3eN{eJib B }Iacro.su{ee I]lDeNItt H3BecrHr,I c)re,[vrculHe N{o-
    1{.fIF,}tfitiu L1 0,i(trHOrg{1,1e 11oq)e63HI.It, orHocrLIN{ble Izcc.:IeAoBtl'Te.]rttN{li }(o Bpel\{eHu }l uilTepBare
    -

    B.rgpa-q rro,.r()FiHH1 IX.-)ilIi en. A.'r.re,lap, E,l:ul,t:rvtll, ,r11'xlne1'xa, Iip:nerurr. 6pluemrr


    XIII, Xas-
    ,:uil,.larrtjllpr,, K,rnp:pnt Itarrrpa' florpe6a,rbltble ra^{.[THhKI4 e f[p-YTo-AHecrpoBE,e IlpelcraBneHbI
    K.,f pr,zrHlrbri\,rr.r (r\;rq:cllap) i rpr,,111ilBbrN.{I,I (Btrlour:urrr, JIuHtSapr,,
    K:lnp:p,lle, Ka,'r$a) MofH-[bHuKa]\'IH,
    l.1r;arroei{[,]N1n nor'1r,3,5eHr.rai\rr,r Ha llocelreHr.rtx. lSxnlr:yqb, Fp3Hem:ll XIII. Jiyx:rue-vxa,
    XaHcxa' B
    ga-
    K,rprirHlJONl \,ror:-r.l-irL,Ir IrKe it:r.rr:,fap 3axopoHeH[it: cotseputeHrl IIo o6psll' KpeMau[{H' Hecxcllr'ro
    x,.lpo.ueruui:i no o6prl;r1 hl)eruaqua Bbr.sB:reFr.bI I{ Ha fpyHToBoNI MOTHJII,HHKe Iip:Henrrs,
    ocHo]lHaq
    Lra,cr,[, ilor-peSelruii F.or,ol]oro :Ipei(craBneHa r{L1t-yN{aII}ItMI4. Bce uilreplla,ilbl, 3a Hcl(JI}oqeHIleNI Mo-

    r'r,r.jrr,r{r1K& .A.-rqeAall u no:'peCeHLiE }ia ErHvlytlxol{ roporluule , ilo.rlHocrblo


    ony6nllKoBaHbl (OeAo-
    p,re l9(i4; lt)6,[a., ]i!)(:81 Irelc'por. rIeSor?ps111qo 1911, l0l-l 161 .]ir,nuc1' 1969, 12-18; 1970; 1973;
    (rerc,poe, r{e6olaprerrxo. IJelulrar:{og& 198,1; 'q.6orapellKo 1913, 13-75; Lle6orapeHKo, T'errLHoB
    198:l 9,5-96; Pa6ttt-tc,trtE'1, l-yKIIH t99l, 2I3-'Zl 4).
    I) pauuecpelur,illrer(r:rrirjr'r rrepnoil sa se,5oluttroii tto flnouailu reppl'{Topl4u flp,u-ro-flHecrpoBb's
    N,rr,,r Ha6rlolr,Aer\{ };:lri{Br{Te.rbHO,,r ntloroo6pat"a ,16ppe6a,rtnoli o6pl,4uocru,
    6e:1'c.'toBHo. flBI4BlI3ecq

    3axOH'v O 'lepp,uTopl4albHO-aINll{HHcTpllTl4BHON'l yCrpoiiCree PeCny6'rnxu


    I eorpaQH,tecKrt0 tl?3Brll{l'lJl )(lorBBTCTByior
    lvlo;r.loBa, Ns 764-X'1. o't2J.] 1.200 t rora.
    121

    rl-reJ.crBli'-\t r\rHof ,rx)6pa3l,rt .\\,JrL,'fypllol'o u 3THr4rre()Koro. KalKnbrii


    3 [epeLIr.rcJI,eFII{bIX nofpeoanb_
    14

    ,Ibil{ il&Il.[TFII4KOI] 0tJIn'qileTct.t j{pKHuI4 HHIL{BLI.I}'albHbtNII4 LrepTili\,[I, .KapaKTeprlr3],IorqHMIa


    Te r4JIH
    rrHr,r{i 3,[i:]rrlHT'br r'Iof,pe6airtrr0ii o6p_a.1toc.rll, H 3arlacTt,ro
    oTI{OCrt.cs 3.Ir.t ilaN,rri.r}{r.jKIr pa3Hbll\[r ac-
    (lire,l'llBa'l(l-lt{i\'ll't
    l(l K o,lIHI{rt 14:t'eNI )Ke, To K pa3Hbl\4 KyJrbrypaM (,:r[peaHepyccKa.[ KVJIbr.\,pa>.
    ,<rp\,'ft[a nil]rrrrHr.tri,r']e Ilxut\,1::.,,rtr,-Ar.ie[:rp>, <Iia.uxaurt_fiyuaiicxa{
    "axrtttlii :ioilbt>' ((l:-prr,JIIla I-lerpl'5g;r. ,(K'i-rib'ry'pa x1rn61,pa>, <<11aMgTHLIKLI KoH_
    r,r r.r.).3a r(crTopbr\,r14 oHrr BH-
    X;aircxir-Peir),K3r{erib))
    ,lt f (: reui.t(lrI{rr,3c}.ioc :)T.nHge)c b i.)c coreLr;j{?r Hre.
    llpe;+;:t-'' tie)I \ti,I Ilcpcii-let\,{ n uorr,,r-ran'ro KyJi'T'ipHtrx fl
    xpoFro.lorr.rrrec*rrx orru.r}.{ri -AJi.re-
    ,jliu]Ct(0fOt,tIip:'rt.tctrl[C}(Ofot'I{rI-I1JIbHI{K
    uc'fol)rroj pai(lrlr rrr..r ilogo/Iy I tr{oKy_irrJr\.pHoro KOHTeticra trfix naNr.,{TH]r{oB.

    9tttcln:rn urypH bl 14 Ko HTEKcT Mo rhfl bH t4 KA An q EflA p

    li4onr.-rt,,l*t'( .,4\.lrte.t]tlp, rto r\,.rcTBr,ru,1,ia o,,lHor{r{eHsorry rioceJreHr{ro _


    Ko.nbrleBoMy .opollHUIy
    ,tr;llle rilP. il{) i\'lIIe.F:ll.tl(-) cIJoeI'c tlepllofo I.1cc-teloBilTe.rg I'.8. ()e.,Iopc,sa,
    tB;rt{elcq flal\4.grH'Ko\{ npee_
    llep'r..'cKoii }iVit:br\,'tDi,l (,Sre[opoe 11)60: u.qp.). ].( neii:xre oH o.rHocHJr l{
    Iec,{rrrH,4p.ylnx noce-qeurlr:r _
    Iioill)l'[eBbi.\ a cilr:)]hll0-l,I],ICoBbtx lopoilulll ]1 cllH)ipOiriltbtx HevKperrJleFrHbIX
    ce.jruu - Ha ceBepe u ce-
    Bepo-Boc]',Jt'e f'{or7l,ler,r no lirrecTpv u B ee rIeH,rpalr,uor.i qacru __ e
    lrrer:rpoecxo_pe1,rcKo1,{ \,te)i(_
    -r!'perrbe. I-.i1. oc,rr:)p()E; crrtrjrir.r llrv K).,rrr,'f),pv )vrecr.Hbrr,r,rBjreHr.rev e flp,ylo-,4n.arpouua, .an.rrrua_
    cKl.r EiDcxorl:utelil .l: H\"tbf),pe ..trrra Jlyrl-l)alircr:raeuKotli, a atur.rvecKI4\,r _
    ttocu.fereM ee npeBHoclera
    :)cr'orrHoc"[i:lBrHCti,i]c HaceJrrjilre. a rri{eljrrO jre,TcrilHcH6tx rlrBeprlee,. Xapaxrepglrii
    ri
    ,IpesHepyccrurii
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    I'ioI),lenn;Ie ,llat.rHbre cElxiiererbcrBoBar[ o rrtyl5ol:ol,r H B3aH\IHOM npoHuKrI(f,BeHlIu Kynbryp]'I
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    124 Retista Arheol a. Jene not.t(.]

    MornnunlrK AnqEAAP

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    tlar:sineil. rJ xolle qelo ,)tt,qc, oeiuapyrxeiro 25rl norpe6euua. Ma'repuanbr pacxonor ony6:rHKOBaHbr
    riac'rr.rr{HC, u e nycirrrr.:illurix rperrcraBneHbi c)lNr\4apHo (@eaopos l96zl; 1964 a,67-80;
    1968, il5-93;
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    ,irBr()p llacriori(lx, crrr.r;Ielc-rbcrnyrol'c.qeAbr rrN{ a nepeKorroB B rracr,rilr)i (@e;1opoe 1964;1964 a,67-
    i30; l9(i8. li5-93, L9 t-4, )'t'3-279', (Deropoe, 9eiJsrapsi{xo 1974, lCtt-103.t.
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    .,L)(tZ,
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    B{J3),1o)I(H().]{aF]:I{OeIl(]l.pe6ell|teo|pi])iacrT,Te)Ilenpoqeccbl.IITlc!IrIaIlItIHeHauaMqTIJLIKilXTLIna
    roJlaN{II. Ber,l l'r Ha na\IgrHI{Kax rHIIa
    trxnnt:r,,ur )L:r{Jr.r4'r c ri \{o),par,r.I. orlafar\{r4 }r no.,IN,Ia3a}rHrrrNrlr
    llerpl,xa. r( Ko..fopbrNr r'|HOCII-fcfl II IIOCeI3IIlte Ep:ueru'ru
    Xlll, pracllpocrpauesrtstn rlln orontlreJlh-
    rrLlro coop\';)Kelll'lj,l -- fr'clilf (Xutttr:}' li)69, 5--55)'
    fi naN{tITHI{KII lfina Erllrt:1'Us-
    B rttCli5Oir't Cil\lllaer llCcJleIO13llHI'le 3Tu): I]p'OUoCCOB':]aTpO]lyBl:ilI,IX
    6e: ilpe.qEiap]lTejlbllof0 pa3]',lexeBallutt f'rFlo-
    A,rLuelap. r{ llt].\,rnlilrt ]:(n Trril& tterpy'xa. ,,arra,rNro*"o O'f'll{qlltl
    1i,,"11,1'!pFIbI). KC}UfeKCttltl O5el'iX fll]-nn '\
    fO, .ITO OII pa3jllltlell' I(aK pa3 U ilOKa3bIBaIOT
    A -r tlerallc Kc't-tl H Ep: u
    ji-llrc i(of o tlr)I-Hilt'Il H!(oB'
    (

    6rEnmorPlot'tR
    nalt.Rrxt,t }/PCP 3' 195].
    A't Bl3pi::]oBeu. })oreiJlxa y eelpxio.nx p. flin:reHHoro B1'ry' Apreo,,ltlcr.tHi
    6etle:oeeu 1952:
    201 2IL).
    l97ll: tl fl. Eutpun. l'1.A. Pa$ir-lont u' [lpo6"reNla \lecrHofo HaceJ'l3Htlt fltrecrpoecxo-[lp1'rcroro
    Er,rprrn., F'attpa.ronrru
    I'1:necrtts AH IUCCP I' 1978' 65-75'
    \,r3ih:x\,'p!:tlb,l X.-XII ulr' tt 6alxano-'r1'ualicxa'a'x1''nur';pa' e
    naleoiiHTponororrlrr o nspeNtetrleFItl]il Hace-leHtta !'HecrpoBcKo-
    Be,rrrraHrlsa lglil: N4.c JelrrxaH,na. AarrHurt:
    .rt,tcg.tc.JieTllflx. IJ c6: C],rasrrro-Bo.[OtLlcKlle cB'31t. (Ktturttuen 1978)' 30-76'
    Ilplrc:xoe N{e}K,l\/peri],J g I.II 212-229'
    E,-,rArjflrx() 199'0: li.'t.f. B.raccuxo. Ilcr:.rejronaHtla
    Iopoilttua Pev'v'la A14i\/ 1985' (Ktlulttttr:n 1990)'
    J'lrtn;.utlittnl9l()8:I,{.t4.Ilil,rlyuxr,tu'(]launHeBoc.roqnoi:tEeponuttlaKaI.IVrler:l6paloeauttl[peaHepy'cctloo|oc}iapc'|Ba
    oqer)Krl MI'1A cccP 1-52' 1968
    (\/1.t1-ne:sar nojtoB,ll r,, IX u.i. !1cr'Opl'lro-apxeoilorlttlecKlle
    .,.n',.,t211rgtlo|o Ilpo6lcll,rsr apXeoj]oFtlt] Eepa:lrrt (rlo NlaTeptlala\1
    T|lna,'.
    I-Itlt]ttxoBa l9}0: E'IC.r. FIcrrilxoga. r[) cepurax
    I-lll\4 r. l'flM 74, I)'0'107-l l7' CCCP 142' I967'
    x fopoaill\{: 3a'rroeo-NtanuKafl Kynbrypa' MlhA
    fl.rerHeea lg0T: C.A. [lr,l'rHeea,or roqeettit Enpa:t]l'I B ftlox)'
    .:Heea, crrlrrono-Hraluouo n,y.n,,r1,pa. Ea,rxaHo--ryrrar-icKar Ky'qr'rYpa crenrr
    Ir.rer.uera rgllI: c A. Irrre
    cp€JII-l€Be Kcrllbtl Ap)ii :c'rlorug Cl(lCP
    198l' (r2-77'
    tr qLtr,t! l- |t!.-1 D]

    Il6rrrroilrr.t l!)9()a: P ,A.. I)a5r.rHoBrr,r K npo5-reNre KvJrtlypHoit t.t lt Hltqecroi:r rtn'repnpeTaUrltl naMflTHt'lKoB rrrna Ilerpy-
    l;a."1i1tialueat.:a,l::}c"6:Apte0,rct.tt.tecKI,IeI'|(jcJIe.1oB.-iIlItf\1o0,1
    |,a5tttttl]]tt.il{)906:l).,{Pa[itttt0tliI..,[(npo6:t':ueCo0IHoUe]lllrnaN{fTHIIKot]Tl4[aEnil'lN1,]}'ub-AIqeIaprr[1erpxa-
    .'|llr.atrleIlxarlf\tlec,r1rorlcro'llp.v.r.cnor1\leX,1\petlbe"[Ipo6.leirtbIlIcToplI],|!al]X()0'0|Il
    tlnr', Ic 1.tct,
    [,a6rilronrr,r 1(i9 l;r Pa6rrcor,ri,r. I on.tapHrrit rol]H Ha nocere]tt.ttl X-XII nn. y c. Py;rr,. [] c5: Xo:riic'l'BeHHble KoM-
    J).,,1\.
    ([itlI ttrte B 199 ] ). 99- 109.
    r JeNcr,r jlllr:tlHI1): o6tttecrtl l,'i,r.lrrlnt,t
    [,u5rrroerr, l()9iii: IJ,.A Pa6irsctsir,r. Xrunrue,lpeBHepyccKofo ]]peNleHI{ c t\1l,lca [1eurepe. B c5: ApxeonofllqecKtle
    'cc-'lr'!oBalilrfl n ["r'rlrort o;rrce ([irrrrtrlrres 1i)9 l)' (t3-6li
    [)a5t'tt-togtt'l()()l.I)l\.Pl5ltHtlett.t'Krpnaro-fIcaIlecTpoI]beBKoIt1eKcTeK}Jtb1'VpI'IblXI{\4e7(I.ocy.a
    [i)rcl'[]o.:ro.rllcriiIB!)c|()Llutrl1[lr:1ltlrtr,t.N,1e';'rilrHrtpc.1Ha'Il\,qHf
    i1 roc,r.lirpcr-rlcnrtbre ct'pyKrvll.,t n l{eHlpa-'rrrtot"r. Ilot:roqtrclit tr lOro-Bocrtlquoit Espone s IV-XVIll nn." 3anopct-
    :)(i,e. '! Kl)atttJa l':)!) l. 8ii-91 .

    |)i]5ltt|Oett'tl(}9.iP.,,A,.I)it6ttHclBtt.t.Iiapnaro.l{rrec1.potcKIIe3ei\l.iII1Boaropoiin()J,.lo1]HHeiX_nepeoi

    iiitra rrclol)tlrlecli:lI.\ ua\' r (claur;r-[lerep5r or I997)


    |)a6tltotllt,tli)9l):P.r\.F,J6ttHr)sLl.I.fJitpxertl,r|IaTeppiI1.C|pl
    l'lus (,. l99tt. 111.).:i ,l'i'5.
    l)ii6trr oBrr,r Ivrirtr j()()l P.,,\. Pari]HJBttrt. l].11. I-'yrilrrr, Pe3r,irura,Tr,r pacFionoK Ha nocerelllltt Bpaneutrut XIII ll Hexo-
    ..ol]l,|1jcilo[)]:]bl|]t]c|IlpOct-llI3\Lj}llI'lrlllt|'lIII|KoB.r.ttrtafIerplxa.,]Italuegxa
    il-ce1tr-',t lttr,t lI It,tcrqercriltr ll ) ) (l(tlul tttt:tl I991). l0:-22+
    l)a5,| ,.Ouli,r, Pfi,l,rtL-Eia lt)()j: P.,\ Pa6r'rHor:rr,r. C.C. Pr6ueea. lOne.irHpHble vKpau13llllrl
    c 3epHbto lt: Kapnaro-
    lIr:l,r.rii:c.ipot:ll''ll::lI:0H1.chCT|]h\,IbT),pIl()-]Ic.f0pI'il{()cKll}'np()ttecc(
    ilpxe'0.tofl,tccxrl,i nccrnrix (('lrnrtr-l-le'r,:p(iypr - K rti--ttiHee l()97). l3(r-2"1,5
    )A6tIitogII,t.-l.ra.l}x1!tt)j:PA'l]:.(llttontl.].M.Fi'l-xaq\'x.[,|cc;.c,l[oganl
    l'r'.1r r; l,4u;,1,-rBr:, .\.preo-'tot-t ' tlcKtle Bel--] i l. 199:t,16-5-17[].
    )an,,iltti.tl()83:.].|]'I)ilt}.lIll1A.r]].ar.ttpoBKeI.ol]o.1rttl1aA'q.Ie,lilp'Bc6:Cpc,l.rI€]BeKoBbIena\l'.r}lltKlt{rrecrpecno-
    llpvrcxoro Nte)t(-l)'pettbR rKttLr,ttlt-'tl l9E8). 5-l-7 l'
    ,aun,,riop.,. li,)(r7: Il ;\.. l]riirnorro;:rr'. 3oerrnoe 3oattec'fBo 3artarHoprlccKllX 3e\le:lb X XIV ee. \414A CCCP I;10' 1967

    ,.)epct. Sifltirrn I:'ILis -5. 1999. ] l8 3:i(r


    )l[jIrr''ga]r)()5:L.C'.l)lt5Ltcslt.!,pturrep1,cc'x
    l-ieler:,tjr, pt .l00:1 ).
    lerog l9(rlr tl.[:], (.'::llr)lt. O roro'-iln;lil]loii rilvillle BocrotlHC)c'liBflHcKrlx |IJel,{eH. [] c6 : I'1ci'tlpl{ t(o-apxeo,lorI j q ec Kllrl

    i6oDtilll': ( \1i.lcrintt 196:l). l9; -:10"1.


    l-erc[t igf].:: B I1i. i-.,:.lUrr. Boc.roqHr,re clraBflrle u \tl-Xlll rrn, Ap;tel.rorlrs cccP, l!)s.,1. i26 c.

    <on.'''-\lll ng. (',A .1. i9(rl. <( 7i.


    l't llt r.r dtee i r

    3al trltcfi tr .lia6lrpor,tc rt0r0 lle.lll llc IIlT\'l'a b, 1 96 1. 1


    !',rerr,re 05- 1 27.
    1-lrrr. utyx 19,7(r: [,.(,). l'rrnrciurr r, ( :trrn'stttt i-iietti't[{oL DYxoetltlrr \i-lX cr' (f'rrie 197(r)'
    rDe.tt,ponl9(l0:I-.Li'(}c:1I)pol}.lacc,letltteI1p1r.cr.:o./]rrecTp()BcKo]:oN{e'{iI\'t)etIb,lgitrtcgqe.qerrrlrrr.:.4LIA
    llCC t) E!). l;960
    rDc-1r,poB r9ri.l: I-.8. (r..ropoB. I,rL5o'rr,r Ilplrcl.o-,1]Hec'rponctrclii lKcneallulll{ 1960-19(lL rr' I(tll'lA r\FI CCCP 99
    ts6,t.77-sli.
    I'lpvrcx0-flHecriloBcKoi ap(eoJoro-srnorpatlrn'tecxoii sKcnejlllutrrr e 1962 r'
    Kpar'
    Oetopoa ll(rla: f-.b. r:D.jopoB. l)a,5oTa
    rrre C;ooiiUtCttttl r,-)ll,:CCt':Ot'O t C)( \''llapc'fBerlilorti apXeOilOrilqrlcKOlO lr1':en 19Ct4'
    6'l-[i t
    cDc:io|log196J:l-.,.B.,.]')c]ll:)I)oB.Pa6tl..'tI11lr,r.ci.o-,[rrecrptrncxoit:}KceIIlul1ll
    Hace'!eHttl ,(nec'rpoBcKo-
    Gre.tr-rpos lgjl: l-.tr. (DerolloB. l-eHesrrc,, 1ra'ru,i'r,,a ()ec,Iarlll3l\{a }.[peBHep)rccl(oro
    [1pr..r,tx,:ro \reil,i.I.vl)ertbr B ])i-]il] ss. (no ap.\eoJ'lcfnrtecKItNI .fa]lilbtl\r). ll c6: Krro-llocTo'ilraR Espona ts 3nox\/
    (leoililrttttrta (l(ttuttttteB 197'1 42-52 - e)ribff HrtxiHero lll,lrar o
    oe.lr: poB l9
    ,r1._r..1_n- ruecrnrrrrc (oro
    /{: I .i:i,. rlrr:Iopori. I-lir,:eleutte I-lllvicxo-,1\rrecrpoEc r
    ioro i\let{.L}lp()tlbi{ ll neBOOep
    tioHLlc I ll trartiute [l r.uLCrr.relelllr H.:]. (N40cIisa 1974)- pyfion]lcb.
    ([>r:.ropoB.8.N4. t-Jerpyrua, cnaB,tH3 t] 6anKallo-.tyHaiicKat apxeoJloflltlecKatl Kynbrypa' B
    oc,r,.,poB. l-icrpt,ua l!)7(): t.E.
    cd: l,iorrrr.:rsricnurt,np66.re\rrr rrclopini ,,,..',,ui'ypo, HapoitoB Ilenrpa,lrrroii
    ll IOro-Bocro'ttjot:t Eeponbl (N4ocriBa
    I979rI. -.-8-5(),
    q)e]..,l)oB.LIefitt,it;lct-tx.l19i.1:I..|icDg119i]o].I.'G)'LleijoTapeH},o.[laIlqTHllK't;ipeBHtl
    .',,,,a,' nr.o xill'rra lr'1r-r.tt-litr;cxoii CCP (6) I Krrurrlrres 1911\'
    (De]lrpc.rB.LIt:5or.;.t1l.)tllti0.Be:tttxlt.t.].girl9E4:I-'E'(;erllrpoe,[-.o9e6cr'rapeHHrl,M.C.Be.irttxattoga,lipal.telcxul1llo.
    f]rr'lt,tltl( X-Xl srl (Krriurrue; i984)'
    lvl'c,r!anlltt (K-rrLurilree 1969)
    Xuriiil, t1.r,bg, ,r.r-. )\.r,r tx1 , IlOcg:rt nrrs XI-)ll\ BeKoB rr opreenc! ilx Kor.pax
    BeKoB B M'cil.liltit'lll (KnrurlHes 1970)'
    Xr,riit\, 11.r70: l{ I'. )t.r,r rril . Jlrrn6li:u - cpe-1Lter}eKoBr,rii l\lOft.l.,tbirrrx XII-XIV
    B gylstu Ar i799l9gt ai !-S ed,r 4qrr ri
    l)L

    Xr'ru11 . l' sonpocll o llii(lceJlelltil'l TrrB(l[)ueB n \,.tlttleii B flo.uHec:]-poBbe . B c5: lOro-BocroqHafl


    EB-
    .\srrrrl I9l).: L4 l'.
    Dofrii ir cpe,lrrrle seKii (lirtLutrHee 1972)' 159-i?5
    Xsrurcy 1973: I,1.1'. ){LrHx;', li;nplpun .. narlflrtlttK I(\/'rlbryptl X-XII us. (Kr.rurlres 1973).
    Xur lxl' 1 974: l,l.l-. Xut ttx\'. i IaltqrHtlrlll iianxauo-aynaitoi:oit K),nbrvpbr ():-XI\i
    BB.). B c6: flpeeHrn KyrbrYpa l\{orla-
    Brilr (f:riull.irreB I97.1). t-7-i 50.
    {e6c,raperrrr<o 19i3: f.@ Klr(ra - ropo.ttttue VIIi-X BB. tlir flHecrpe (KrrutrHes 1973)'
    Ll€,( ()rapeHK(:,
    -le6orapeHxo l(.179 f'OLI: to-riperixrt. K aonpocl, od lrHir.recKori npttHit,l-'le;,Kttoc'rtl 6iurx:rHo-IyHaircxor"r Nli-'lbr)'pbl B
    (Nlocxsa
    Kl-/illoil la,;11 [l;ly'lo-lIreclpon,:xofo i\'rexr]/pettbt{. I} c5: 3rHn'tecrat{ Ilcropllt Bocrorl}lblx po\laHtleB
    l97r)), 86- i{15.
    rle(i0riipcuNr.r l1)g2: 1".o. Llr:,jorapesr.:c,, Irlace;rerrrre ueHr[)anbHori uacrrr /qHec'rpoBcKo-llpy'rcKof0 Nlexavpetlbf B x-
    XII sB. (Klrrurrlree 19112).
    Lle(iorapeuno t()g3: I'.<D. 'Llr:riorapeur:o. lianxaHo-11'Har-rcKa8 ap\eoroil.lrlecKar K)'nbrypll B :ap;rs9;6Hoii ncropttorpa-
    (KIruritHen 983)' -58-79'
    t},riri. t3 c6: c,rrasr{no-uc jrraBcKile cBr':in n pal.rHnelrrrrrbl 3Trnr!recxoii ttcrt:,ptttt l\'tor'1aai}ar{
    'lKcflealrutltl ts
    geoorapenxcl, -l. e,rsrir:,e lgE.i: I-.<D. Llc6oTapeHxc,. H.fL Te,rsuoe. l'lCC.re,tOsanllfl lo,ritloCJraRtHcKol"l
    1919 r.,\l,lM 1979-l!)Sr.) (Krrur.rrree I9E3), 88-101.
    []ltrrleltl95.5:l,l]ilr.nea.B1,zl'nce,Kieret|,tlrienr:;r.trleIJlisDltrrubeclr-rXar'rXIIsiecle.]\t.ll,elles
    l9-t5. 169- lE0,
    (iuiiin.N1itrrzut.l...Rltbii.rirl'ich.[.kaciLrk.9!)5:V'Gulljrl.
    orv ar.d problerr oi'cu.lt.:r'll Helitrrge. Worlci Archa,:ological Bulletrn E. l9')5' 9-18'
    I Baruea' M L-ornla'
    Dirr.ge{il 1967: Dinogetrlr ASezale,ii fer.rcl.iln tirnpurie <le la Biseliculii-Glrvan. Gh.
    Stefan.
    F.. Comsa tlluctrr-e5ti lt)(r7.t.
    Badatr-\\/ittenbergel l995: E Sava'
    SavlL. N4anztrra.-l-cacir-rc. l(urciatov. Ilutrulici, Rlbinovici, Gr.rchin. Alaibl.
    I NIarzura. lr,[, lcacitrr. S. Kurcialor,. \/. Bubulicr, R. Rabrnovici. \' Guchin. R. Alaiba. M' Badau-Wrttenberger'
    Inr,,r:stigatii|e-i:ltortctr-lilltetllrlgii':,:efeclttateinmiciclllcnaistrlrico.nlttur
    nLrl D,:*du$eni, Republir:u Mrilclovii. Celcetdri arheol,.rl;ice
    in alia Nirld-Tl"rlaca (11 (Bur:ureqti 199-5)' 281-3-58

    P o-rt tt t t P o 5tt n ot; tt't'


    Il t tc t t tt tst o trtn p o tl o ;l o ? l ! r t e (; ti ( ltl tt t K o-1 Q,

    t t. 3u:r6py'.t.t'it l0u. l,'l.I-2021 Ktntruu4', ['ec'n)'5:trxrt I']o'tdor:tt


    C;orustton:nATn pnr\/n,rD ,,crrADELA DE PAMANT" DE LA OnHerul VecHt
    it,t t-.ulvttt'tR SATTTTTURTLOR ARHEoLO(itCE DtN ANil 1996-2001

    Gheorghe Posticii, ()higinau

    itltttti'.]|.).,2l()<:.,7i'tt1ll.ctt'jtttit:ilttltticye..;t

    t'.'.,t, I t c i t, I I et ti t' tI c' t i t t c,t., t t ) i, Ie t I t ( tIi (. ii.

    B]95.:1\)57,.:.(i(,'|!}|!tl{l()lt'l.1L']1lt/tb1

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    \ r't lti lttt,ttt,..r p1 1'l'1,,1't11, .

    It'ttRopucrRt'

    irr rnir 5i0 ui sccolLrlrri X.)i in timpul invest:igaliilor i.r'heologice de la Olheiul Vechi realizale de
    cirtle rllh.[). l]rrrnor. in prea.;nrrr citade]er nredievale din Piatra au 1'ost descoperite cAteva grtn{url care
    iul l'c,s: inte rlirt-.tlri.e cft: calre autlr drept constructii merdievale, unul dintre aces;tea fiind datat cu seco-
    Ir.rl l.lV. irrl altul c;u secolul X\/li. Cu regr"et, in anii cale au urmal.. aceste materrllc pre{ioase n-att
    ft,st pr"rblit.:rrt,il, o pl1tc rdrninind in arhivl lVluzr:ulr-ri cle,\rheologie irl ,{fiNI, iar ultele ilt trt'hirl Pet'-
    sonalii a ar:torltltti.
    \1ai tilziLr. not.tI conclucritor al ;;anlit:rului rlrheolrrsic de la Orheiul Vcchi, P'P' Birnea' in bazit
    n:atcrialelr:,r'c1c lrrhir',i. lr explirnat r.rpirra potrivit cdreia t;anfr:rile descoperite de pleclecesor, ar fi t'e-
    ptczcf tili rrrr:rele un0r .et51i rlir parnint, I)e cale a drtat-c'cu prinra jumitate a secolttlui XV. Aceasti
    ipote z,;r s-lr d,-rtolLt Lrnol r,estigii deprstate in cadr"ul gan{r.rlLri allat la vest de citaclela din piatra qi inter-
    pl.ettroa fortrrtii u Llr)ol clate c,bIinr.rte anteriorin ganlr-rl drrr preajma zidulLri de r:st. Ca rezultat, in isto-
    iirgrir're it apiu-i.rt rclet:a clesple (lxlstentii la Orhciul \/e,:hi, pe parcLlrsul se,:olulLri XV rl doua l'ortificit-
    ti :cetatei.r clc piirniint iltribllit:r ltcrioad,:i lui Alcxrindru cel BLrn gi cctalea din piiitrir atrlbllitd perroa-
    c1:i lui $telarr cr:l lvllare. t\cers;tiL r:pinie, clevenitd idee de lefelinid, a dominat istoriografia de la Chi-
    Sinau lt0nii Ia sf irgitr-rl secoluluri XX, f[r'[ r fi pusi la irrcioiald
    cle citre cineva'
    ReluaLeu siil;irturilor alhe<t r:gice clin ciich'ul citade,let Orhciulr-rr Vechi in anul l9!)6 a scos in er''i-
    c1:n1ii unelt,- ltroble:rnc ce linelrrr de cronclogia qanlului cle vest, care nll
    ,concorda cur opinia lLn P.P.
    Birp,:li, cjlnclLr-i rJrr:pttte lui Gh.Dr. Sntilnr)r,. Dar, lucrulrle s-au schirnbat gi mai ra<iical, dr-rpir consr-rl-
    tlrea iLpr.ofulcluti ii ntatei'ialelor <le arhivii ale lui rGh.D ljmirnov, ctre indicall ilsLlPra unei problenle
    n-ult r-r.uu ieloils,e. i.:e tineau cle ins[;i 'vri.brlitateir icteii,,:itadelei de pdmiint"'. Or, corelalea datelor
    .')int:ritzltlLit]rcitct-tttts|'lrrrterre1er.it'ite.lbunll'ri]e
    Srnilnov. llL rncrmerttul rtctttal. sltnt drr,pSrute dirr lrhiva IAE A$N/t'
    {ieuislo,4r hcolqgj4-ri. Scne rroirti
    i )!+

    arhcologtce c,bllttute de Gh'D. llimtl nov cLt mate,rialele alheolt)gice descoperite


    in timpul sdpatunlor
    noastre ciin a,rii 199(r-rl()0 [, ii at'dtat foarte clat., ci icleea,,cetdlii <le piimint"
    de la orheiul ver:hi nLt
    ar(: supoltlll qtiintif ic co'e spunzittctt'.
    i,-, ,,.ent i:Ontcrt. in celc ce iirnteazd VOIn pl'i3:aenta cele llrai recenle materi
    lie alheologice desco-
    pLrr'ttc in prerima,:;ttacl:]ei Orheir-rlr,ri \/ec:hi 5i va fr et'ectuatiL o coleliLfe
    a acestora cu date le obtinLlte
    cle cirtn: Glr.I). Smitnc,r', pentl'Ll a oferi Lln labloLl t:xhitustiv
    al prolrlernei in cauzii in scopr-rI solLr.!ioni-
    rii ilir ergertlc lol aPi'irute .

    1. CTncETAREA AllHEol-oGlcA A $ANTUl..ul DE Vesr

    l.'1. Date generale


    al cltadelei
    cle '\/e st" re prezintir un complcx alheologic situat in prcalma
    zidrilr'rr de
    .,$,nt.l "est
    de pi.t'L cle lu Crr-trr:rul i,echi (1r91. 1t 2). A fost iclentiftcat cle: cdtle
    Gh.D. Slnimov in anr'tl 1951' cancl
    lr clescoperit inca patrLl seglnente ale
    a 5r lost:realrzatii [)11rrril lr,ri sectiirnar-e. in anri t9'55-195? autolul
    arheol,rgice din ciich'ul i.rc(sstlli comprlex ar-t fost stopate, iices-
    $antului resperctil,. \4iLi rrpoi. siLp5tu.rile
    terr fiinclt'e,lLtitte cle calli: subsernniltul pe la rnrjlocul anrlor'9(l'
    cafe se aflau la
    in anri lg96-?.001 arr l'ost corcetate p.t.u nr;lrnente ale q;url{trlr'ii, trei dintre
    cie
    "'est
    zi,JLrl citaclelcr cle pntrii sectolr-Ll rrr.7l - caroLrril,e
    A19-420 (t'ig.3i). se)ctortll nr' 7i - carourtle GH5-2r
    coltul ei de sr-rd-r'erst: scctorlrl
    (irg. rl: (r: 7). scclorul rrr.7-5 (fig. 5l g), iar una in incinta ciitadelei, in
    este cle 23'0 rn (respectir': ('r'0 m' l3'{) m'
    nr,. l,(r. L-u':lrnr,:u totlrlii a seglnelrtelor cle ganl stucliltc
    1.Ct rn sr 3,0 rn).

    ,-/-"-"*'y')
    -4t
    r-//

    .ffi:iil;:,i:
    r .Rlul ---"

    +I .,..."
    m :lurr J.: f: ("ill:;:l.lirl;l tnt;l: '' 'ri'' lrt'rlli
    li,i::i! I { ui!r5111 ' i1r ,ct tr.' i I \i;r:t.l ltr'rtltiitrl '11li

    general
    Fig. 1. Complexr-rl arheologic Orheiul Vechi [:'lan
    I))
    \"irlrrnrr/ 1. i','r. 1

    :.' _r': i :

    ie ctrr t,l t t 'r l

    Fig. 2. C taclela dr: p'iaird de ler l)rlreiul V'aciti Planr;eneralcur;ectoarearheologicecr3rcetateiniiniil996-2001

    ,liJrri dt Yct si ;hadelci

    It':-- -'- :l--;r-:.-:qrr :- :EJ;:-==; ::'"i==):=T:'


    /rl t',,
    \1\:!i J iilrilirii' I
    * * -r-_-- -
    I

    tt --r_ --"----=-\ \l
    1a
    ;l;- o .l rq r\li) A:I ^

    /nl rrc u\rilril. I9l'i


    a-'/

    itrr)'l iiL!)ru. nr',1 r.lrl ir,nr!l it i..til.\.:l


    &:c'A afullg1lgCic r-r. Seric nori ri
    I lii
    ,._ .1,_ -,
    1i \
    t
    I

    Zidul tie vest


    al citadelei ,

    $:Lttlll de t'est
    st t. XIV

    i 1 ,----
    -,

    de vest' cuptorul de ars var


    complexelor arheologice din secolul XIV: $anlul
    Fig, 4. Orfreiul Vechi Sectorul nr. 71. Flliln al
    rrr. 15, lvlormdntul nr' 18.

    Zidul rle vesi


    $ii'i' al cf,lldaici

    XIV)
    Fig,5 Ctrl^eitrl Verchi se'c1{)rul nr' TEi Plarr al $artului de vest (secolul
    I)t
    \ olrtttr il i. ,\t l
    iit)

    t=:-:i
    I

    6rrr)a nr I 5r rje rc"r


    ii rlrllorui dc lJs \ in

    r.r.{l\

    (10)l.ut qilbu r'n crrn\ru ( i j)Pieflr.,. (icri!lffi


    ir)l-,rl in. p.lrc rr\l
    ll{ i

    \ r,, DJ

    .-4i -

    (:ilS.)l,.ru,tirr.
    l,r1',ir rrlrLlui
    )
    ('f\rirlr3 n I 5b d,l ri!.:i
    li atlpl!lll d! rt\ rrr

    si(3ctorul nr. ,'1. $an\ut der vest (s,ecolul XIV). Profile


    vest-ost: 1 - cilrourile l2'-F2',(peretele de nord)'
    Fig.6. orireiul \rechi.
    cle ncrd),4 - r:arourile J4-A4 (peretele de rrord)
    2 - crarouri e Gi'..F1' l.poreteie cler r;trd). 3i - caroLrrile it-L;t 1p,,r"tnle

    (!))0roipt-
    scc )Ji
    17)l'ietri5. dcntolue

    i]5
    r!) !ol !'ertii !. tr)i,k)l 3;! ri renqrr.t
    Si :i]t.!,r /.llt.l ).SrNn( \: I
    \n,
    J ,,.

    <
    ,5
    X
    l
    l
    l)l.r{ slefl hnlucrir;itr.
    121:iol
    /I jSol
    '.rttiir sec. \lf \l\

    . l0) S\rl cjr !it1. trroioi

    Slplturi i,h I).lirllhs\'. l9j{r

    ({)Svl \ esull[ trlonnr Croapr r. I i

    (l)'ix lrr J. \es'. te- \l!

    C 150 crrl

    -:=:-
    ve$t-est: 1 - peretele de nord al carourilor A5-
    Figl.7. Orheiul sectorul rtr 71. santul de vest (secolirl X V)' Ptofile
    ,y's6:rri.

    J15,'2 - perreteler de :;ud al carourilo'l\5-J5 (lpticd inversatd)'


    ,--- R.qclq 4!,ylt e ol o sic u. .t elgil-ot]gi
    jr3

    (ililsol r.'lclal
    -*-..:?it#
    D2

    q&{q1Jsll$*/" ^..."".,".._.._
    i;.,Ctr,i:! )'Drun I rlrrt .t:ril
    ''1Lllr u-
    , (9 r5ul lulos-n'siP0{J1\lrflar. slt rt l' it n'ln ' i'*
    r, tPietit. rt;on;r- l\\ \rrc ..lpllurri (b/5n ieiluil.l r:.iihls l'undllia ciudrLer:

    ,51Scl ccrrry'u-

    I I lsol IrLLD'
    '
    u .il trirn (9)Sol *nu1ru irL.;rr' '10j

    D-r \ rrr. D2
    i.Ei!&.Ll
    Yxxr -rrqx

    (E)

    150 c;n

    Profile vest-erst. 1 - peretele de nord al carourilor D8-


    Fig. 8. (lrhe ui Ver:hl. S;ectoru nr. €;enlul de Vesl (sec:olu XIV)
    75
    ..--ti.l>_-perelele
    rle sud al ceLrc,lrilor Dg"D1 (opticd in,rersaLtd).

    1.2.{j;r:gmentulr|r.1(SectoruInr.71,carourilelA19-A20)
    in lr)nga lLiitula de vest a citadelei de piatra'
    cach'ul sectorrilLli nl.Jl,
    .Ailt1tlLt.sttred. A, l,ost :L-rcetilt
    'in carout'tl,e Al9, A20, p0 O p0l'1lul1C: CLi lungirrea cle 4,0 m;i lalirnea cle l'Cr m' in locr:l' unde
    dupa
    in-
    spfe est, fapt confirmat;;i de cdtfe pfezentele
    .:irlcLlrele rLu (ih.D.SmirrDr,, $antur fricen o cotituri
    'csti slitii f ig l), ^.__^. r^ ..,r^,,,. ,-ro t. niVelul
    de la ni.clrrl tnlrrlrri
    solulur ce r-e-
    (.urttt,tan.tti,:d. $a1t! .l el'a siipiit in solttl steril, partial in stanca de calcar'
    lll$iu-gallbLlr. .liliitt cLt nt tteriale itrheologice ciirr s;ecolul
    XiIl - pflrna jumirtate a secolului XIV' Seg-
    urrnarlt {'oarte clar in peretele de
    Inerttul ganl.l-11 cr. orierrrtat pe rl\a rest]est. Profilul $antulul 'rlost
    .,,est al carourlor .\lg, .,\ 10. Latura t"le nord a;ar,1.rlLri eftl albiati.'in pat'tea
    de sud $anlul el'a intretdlt
    cf il cro 1,20 m lric (de la nivelul contem-
    rJe si;ratur. rLrr cih.D.smil-ro\,ciin lgr52. Acrancim<:a $antLllui
    n-a fost obser'lrt, rJat fiind fiiptr-rr cain acest
    sec-
    )orL.n). Sub z.trur citaderrci cle piirtra trase*r $anturui
    ior f Ltndatil z-rciulut se spli.irnea pe stlnca de calcar'
    cu mLrrta al'surd' fragmente de lut
    (,rtttrtt,rttttrtLlianlLllLri l.eprezentii sor cle curoare neagl'a amestec't
    efa supfilpus d'e Stfatul de construclre al citildelei
    rrs r;i ciirbune; cle lenln. ,n p{irtea supel'ioar;i, $ernftll
    de piirtri, alci.tr-rit clirt ntt,ttttt'5i Jrictlr;. f,^^+ -r^^^,,^.,rit ,,- de ceramicir 96lbuie-
    s6lbuie
    un f!-rsrnF,nf
    fiagment cle
    Ittvetrtur.lr P.rfteil r;uperioitlat il Llmpluturi a fost clescoperit
    r,r;iettcri a l{c,ardei de l\ttr'

    GH5-21)
    1'3. fiiegmentul nr' 2 (ser:tc'rul nr' 71' car'ourile
    x Secrorului nr" 1l'i'n caroltrile G5-G]l' H5-
    l\trrp,lusurer'r, .A fosl cercetl[ ?rr partea cle norri-vest
    l{.1r, pe c, por.{ir,rnc' c:u lungirnea cle lJ metri,
    aflatii ia distanll rje m spre \/est de la zidui de crtade- ll
    din piat'i' orien-
    glinlul este paralel cu:ridul cittrdelei
    lcr ,:le pirtr.d tllg:. a,6,lil.j" sectoruI men!ionat 0'30-0'60 m'
    r-' ile I .5' spre est. !lantul a fost observa\
    la
    rat rjp,re nor-d c r-r o cte 3{ancitt^.11.1
    'ic:
    (uru<'te,stlc,rr. poiqir.rnea rnenIlonata ;,r ganlulur a I'ost studiatri
    in proporlie cie 60 %' restul frind
    secolul XIV'
    corsr:r.rratti. r\cest luc', . fost rilctat de
    n:clsit,alea pdstradi cr-rptorulrli c1e ars'ar din
    pcl"liunea
    rlescopcr.it liirrgii rnar_uir-ca cle er;t a E;anrulur.
    Din aceasta cau:rti a f-clst cr:rcetata complet doar
    stLr.clilLta doar jumritatc;a cre vest
    a $antLllui (carourile H3'
    santlrlui crin car.ur.ile (iH;l-,5, in rest fiincr
    arheologice au fost sistate la nivelul
    it:.'gt, Lllr. FI2r), in l)Lu.rea tje riLsirit a fortifit:a{iei lucrarrle
    ct iJr-'lttic't ii c trntttt'tt iui :;rnlttltti'
    \'pl:ttt,l -1- I'i_1_
    m' $anJul era sdpiit in lut steril de
    j.a aciar.Lcirrrea (lr3 0,50-0,r5i) lm $anllll aivea o lalime cie 5,50-6,0
    era s[l)ilt pinI la'ivelul rocii der cillcar. in
    celelalte
    LLlrc)rrre g.Llbure,in,.,rrirn.'in carrurile c,I{4 $anlul
    nu ajungea ]* stinci' Perelii;anlului co-
    r:.'.o*t-l al'lale irr pirfl.ea supe:ri,ari'f, a pantei, fundul qantirlui cer-
    Lir{inrea fundurui gan'fului dupii cum au aratat
    irorrLr spre lirnrj ?n pantd. FLr'rlur ;;anl'rt.i era prat.
    c:etiurle integruler clirr crrourilc Ci-I{4 c,ra cle 3'il nr r\clAn:imel 9an{uluier:a *
    t:61'-"I:'1i:ii::ilt'
    H2" G2' clin piutea supenoara a
    (j4. t{-1, iliin pi'te:r tnferi.ara ,r 1-rantei 9r de 2,60 m Nc:, in carourile
    rlr clc lrL nir'elul vr:chi der cdlcare ltl solului'
    l)itntr:ri. sl,,,.t ,Je l,l0-1.0
    {,inr{,ittiilftl $i]lltului era ilcdtuita din patt-u stralun:
    l)t.ir-rrLrl strat,, din partca infcrioitrd a garr{ului,
    felrezenta o lentila alcitr-ut6 din sol cenuSit-t
    edificarii citadelei de
    ,pr,lvenit probab,tlL clin fostLri r,'al, aflat la es1 c1e;anl demolat in perioada
    citadelei de piatrd)' Acest
    riltrir). cu pi5lrn::nli clc mru'litr qr clc calcar t.ploi;eni1i din const|ucii;r cle la margtnea de est cut o
    ;tar.-t aveu lgrosinr,,:Lt de 0.3g-.).70 m li .r,.
    ugil'n't pe 1'unclul ;an{ului'
    norcr a porli'rii cercetate qanlului' stratul
    respectlv eri"l
    Lr;.lrr.ir incrrrar.e .p,,;r,;;. 1,, 1,"r,." drl ^ iar pe alocuti ct-t
    df: ntortaL,
    jolT]ftls djn sr-',I tlegl.Lt sau girltltri anle:;tecat r:u lttt iirl;, ciilcar, bLrcili
    cirL,ttne de le trn.
    DeasLrp*r strlLrului infcr.i.r er.a pras.tii o lentila
    misiv6. alcatuitd clin pieire de calcar cle diferite
    crirrrL:rsiuni (cr:le r.n;ri mar.i ari'gleau 40x20x15
    crn);i br.rc[ti cre m.r1.r'srniilar clupi cornpozilie 9i cu-
    in pitnti de l"i marginea cJe est a $irnlulur (acliin-
    loare cu,--el folostt la conslr'uc{1a citadelei, aglernute'
    (aclan:inrea 0'80-l'10 m fJc')' t-a captitul *:-"1-.llTtt
    cirtl:1clt:0,30-0,i10 rn Nc) sl)'e centl'tll lui 'le groslmea
    m. iar in partea centritl'i a pr'rrtir-rnir studiate
    unii str-rcliirle. iitrirrLll ir'ea !;1',isit'ea cie 0,:l-d,45
    stf atLtlLti clc ptc,tt',: atinge I l,(t l '
    111 m
    lerntilir clin pielre ;r mortar reprezenta o
    nivelare' alciitLrita din sol
    Al tl'erlea strrlt' stlprepLls pr35ts
    cir: cirlca'' ttt u grosime de 0'20-0'60
    m' prc-rvenit
    celltSitt'in'lltts g,t'l'lttulos slrru lle)gl'u cu iarirmdturi
    prr,rtrabil. dtn sitp'lltttt'tt cl'tptortllui cle itrs
    var - compk:xulnr'15'
    din
    o nivelare sub f'ol-ma tlnei ientile alcdtLritd
    Al 1:,at.11,e:, slr.rt, clin patteu supertr)at'il, fepre;zcnlil provenea probabil
    ().tCiO,ZS o,,.,,"t a fel ca qi startLll prrecedent
    sol ccnrrlir.r cu lu[. cu o qrrlsitne cle
    o'"
    l::11 l,il ],:.j::lt'::ii:,T,'-:l;lli"
    strcrr (
    llli; l]i,:'il':]llll''l,t?.;il;',1;i.;st,rc: L,n fragrnenr cr,:
    a fost clescope'tti ?n stratul inferior
    al
    crc z1rur. ccianrrca
    eai[ruie-r.giet..Lcii tle iiprLrl r,,rcirrdci 'an{ultri'
    rnteres ceramicit' pietrele
    st,rbilirea cronol.s:it:i ea'1r-rlui prezintii
    '
    "o':.1]']ll,l;,ilt:;;;l,ill"iilr,,'',
    mc)'tarl,l }i clatell:.lrlttiqt'ltficr:. _--, ..+..-:; -,,-t,,lrri ,:rnrrline per"ioacler
    rrpar'li-ne in totalitate pel"lorlt
    c,.:s{:olleritd1. partea rr.lerioard a Llmp r-rturri gan!Lrlui,
    ce.rr.nrc,ir
    jrtmitate ir s;ec:olului KiV plniin ll|11!l?:
    Ho.rrclei cle A,tr, rjlttata clrrr primlt gr culoare cu ntortarul
    r:ste icrentic dLrpd stl'Licturrd, cc,m,pozilie
    MOrtrrrur crin Lrmprlutur.;: qantului a Hoardei cle
    tr'uncll.tiej citaclel:i de piatrii, clatatf, in ultinra lai''r cie domlrraliei
    fOlrtsit in ct.rrrs;tnrc!ta
    '\,e .:hr. l-16,6-1369 (ll'ocrrr'rx: l)005)'
    Aur-ltr orhei,LLI -...,-: ..i cu nie'.ere
    ^,,rn.,,,.o,.,,
    qi cul'o''e pietrele rlin funda{ia ct-
    din f,ndatia
    pir::trcle clin r,r'plr.rtura;,rnturur sunt simirare dupir structurir
    avcrrlr ampr.nte evidente cle mortar
    tipic pentru fundalia construc-
    tuderei rJe pi*trii ,r.,'',1t. crinrri: cal.e
    t'. procerlll .1.:::l'l'::i::.,i.:"::o-"::l"T#?['.:J, "'-
    Ti]l:lll;1,ii1 r,,.,,,e i'ctici o le girtrrrir cirrccld inrre Iegdturi esr-e clem''rstrater de stratig'iifra ;;an{u-
    tr.rrral.err qantr,rlui di, preajnr r
    iricrulur c.e vest. rrceasr6
    a l.ost astLlpat dinspre eSt, dinspre
    rn,Jrcd l.oarte e;x.pliclt cd qanltrl
    lrrr' Ast|el. trbsct.r,i.ttille nrintr{ioase din timpul Iucri'ilor
    ile piatr.ir" cri pdrnilt ameste.ilt, ce c.r-r1.inea restu'i evidente p'o'enite
    ci'adela
    u"?i.'[:;:.1'll,:,'i,|.!i.,J.f,::':lli" inrre anii r366-136e'
    ri:'iter s'pe,'ic,are: a ern!urur esre srabilitd
    c,i,ncl era asttripllt in iegatrr'r''i
    :ir eclificarea citadsk:i dir piatt'a' complex lip-
    siratigrafi:i grurlului uir.g,,,n aten!r'.la faptul c6 in umplutura acestui
    irr conrexrur var. Aceasti obse'vafie demonstreazii
    s;e:sc rcstr-r, rriiir.r:rille ce ar.
    line ae lemotaiea :uptorLLlui de ars Procesul
    cle rnoLare a cuirto'ului de
    iu's $an'ul era deja astupat'
    cii in yrerioacra rJe r.unclionar.e qi de 'a., superioar[ a acestel con-
    clLrpi curl orremonstre,zii stratLrril,: cle niverare clin pal.ea
    ,s;t.pirr.ii $antllr'r, mic interval de
    gr:opil crlptorului' care s-a procius la un
    slr.uctii s-a frnalLi.zat 1'n pe.,:acla arnenajarii
    R e,:j;1q1!rh e-s!.oAt!-59!"-q o
    "
    it
    lar) -.--
    lur,Jltiei crtirciclci de Pratrd. Restutilc mitteri;-rle Proverite din cttptot's-all
    sLl-
    r,r,p rlLrpii ir'c,rnj.r-,:r.r
    piapr_ls dcrar.partial tSLlpili rlanlulr-rr rJupd ce acestit era astupat.
    relatrvf, a comple-
    .E'tttyte.ln baz,1 obse,,.r.atiilor:fectuate []utem stabili ur*51c13Lel cronologie
    .,t*lor clin Sr3ctol'ul cretcetit: la plirna,etapd a 1'ost amenitlilt
    gantul; la a doua a fost dernolatd partea
    construc-
    r,;rrlteri.lir.d a valului. solul fiind lrun,:at in partca inferioard a $an{ulr-ri, la a trela a urmat
    tr"L p:.rrtillii a cjtadetei dc piatlal la urrnatoarea
    r:tapi a fost astupata partea inferioarzi a;an!ulur cu
    groapa cuiptorului de' ars
    rcst*r.i clin c,cnstr.uciia cr ldelei clc piatra; la a cincia etapi a l''ost sdpati
    a qrrn{Lrlui; la a $asea eta-
    ll-ll.solr-rI scttls clirt g,t',itpli a r;cl'r'it 1]entlu niveLarea par{ii supe'rioilre
    'i.rf. tencuirea zidLrlui crta-
    r:rri a functronat cuptorl,1,.rr. p|rciucea valul nec:sar pentrll cottl,truc:1iil 9i
    ,:1,:lei, rar. la etapa f,inalii r fost rJistlris cuptorr:l cle ars va1', restufrle
    cdruril par'{ial s-all sllpfiipLls
    p-'st-- LrmIlLtILl'lt \Ll'rL'l-itrf i it Sitttt;lL i'
    in baza ohserlatiil,r.r-ealiza-re qr inventalului alheologic de:;co1:rerit in stratr-rrilede ALrr, drrl
    respective'
    perioadei Hoardei
    lLrcr.ir.ile efectuatc, lil etrllelc nr-.2-',tpot fi rtnL[Lite cu sigurantii.
    lnir l 36b-1 i69.
    1.4, Segmentul nr.3 (sectorul nr' 75)

    sectorult-ti nr.75, nemijlocit pe mllrglneil


    t\rttp,lus,ttra:r. Seqme:rrttil nr. .l a fost stucJial. in cadrul
    rn sple \/est de la zidLrl citadelei
    stlncii Rdu'rrlur,,.rnd'e inc,:1lea treLseul ;an1ui,,ri, la rlistanla cle 8,cr-10'0
    r:le piatr.d (tiill. l. it). por.ti rnea cer:etath a;anfulur
    avea o iungirTle dr::6 rn 9i era orientlta pe ltxii nclrd-
    :iLld clr cl:rie re cle 15 gt'ltctl spre Vest'
    ,Cr,t.(t<;ttri.stit.,t. fixtrt mitatea cle ncllcl r qrrnrrlrri
    rrr a ianlului err ma lilrgi in comparatl(l cu colpul cle baza al
    era mai
    ,:OnrPlexLrlui g, dr:via cie lit tritseui ,seneral, J'jind
    cotiti spre norci-est Lalirnea 9an{ului la nivelul vechi
    ,.lc cill:are al solt-tlut (aciirtcimea Je
    (l',70-i'tl varia cie la 5'10 m la capdtul cle nord' 4'30 rn la rni'1-
    "t) :ianluiul'
    locu por-Jrr-urii ce|cr;tate ;i -i"50 n'i la capltlrl cie s;ud al portiLrnil
    stelil. alir-rgind adin':intea de 2,80-:i'0 rn Nr: sau l]'0-2'30 m de la niVelul
    $irnrr-rl cfir satpat in i,rt gratle' tar furtdul q;anfului era
    cle cirlcir.r"e. I'et'e1iliLveilu ft>r'rnii cle panta, sLl) Lln r-rnghi t1e 4:ii cle
    'cclri 1uldului de l'0-l'30 m'
    pi,u ?n,,.,r1iu1e qanfLrl ir\ ril o fot'rtri trapezcidalacu l[limea
    succesjve, cal'e erau amplasate t"::9:^t:"
    Liut,rtluturtt;rilil[iljil,]efa alciituttii din patru stlaturi
    (pa'tea de es;t), fapt ce ne permlte sa
    ,",erir.rtii compi,l.rir.i\ cu s;tr rrigrafru solu'iloirjin pro,jma sectiunri
    t'c'cr rtl:il.i Lttittt cIap-'lt' .tsl tt1ritrii larituILti'
    l'80-2'40 nl.(carourile
    i l,il lr.rnclui ;ilnfr-rlr,j. la aclri,ricimea de 2,3'5-3,0-5 m (carcurilecuD5-D7) 9i
    grosimel de 0'60-0'80 m' In ca-
    (:r-5 (f'7). se gdsee Lrn st1'at, alcatr-r:t r-lin sol lr,ttos pe alocuri centtrliu
    de
    ,Jr.Lrr acesrui strat, ru func'r qan{ului, au
    fost desi,rpeiite 6lragrnente de cerarnicd gdlbuie-rogietrca
    Je ceranrrcri cenu;ie moldgveneascA tipice pentlu a
    'uc[gr.a prierrtali r:tllicd sir:colLrlLri X[\" I 1)'agrnent de
    o rupa cle I'ier cre ci'ca -500 g'^me gi 2 lame
    1ou' lurniitute a rsecorurrr xr\r - inceputLrr sJcorului XV,
    tlatt:aza stratul tespectrv cu se.olul XIV' Analiza
    com-
    slle:x rlin pareDliticr,rl tiirziu.,\cestrl clescoperrr-i
    ace:stil ar putea ptoveni tlt" p::lt^ superioari
    a valulutt
    po:litiei solului ch' acest strat piufe sli inclice cd citadelei de pratr[, a
    durpi finis;area lr-rcririror cre co:nstrucr;ie a
    crin prelr.lrna grnrurui, c*e, fiincr demorat
    iie rrnde clndva a fost ertras'
    ti:st arunclt dilei:t Ia 1r-rnrlul ;antului. sru acolo
    cle I'E0-2'-36 m (carourile D5-D7) 9i l'07-1'80
    nt
    2. Dcasupra. str:rtultLi prece.lcnt., la adincirneit de calcar' de
    (ililroLlrile G-q-G'i) se gliisca un stfat cle pi'nllnt c:enuqiu
    inchis' compact ctt pigmenli
    sl'Ii'lt illx l'ost descoperite: l0 fragme'trte
    de ceramica galbuie-
    0,5,0-0,75 nr in glrc,sin-,,-'. in crcllrtl acestui
    roE;reticd clc tacl'r'f,.rie'tald tiprcI secolului
    ]{l\/' I fragment cle' cetamicd cenugie molcloveneasci
    din paleoli-
    --inceputr-rl secolului x\l $i T lame de silex
    tipir:ape'tlLl Lr clr).'r jun'dtate a:sccolultii xlv (adiincimea -
    un inel din fitt (-2,0 rrt)' o placa din arama
    ticLrl tirz:iu, I o' Lrma'. ti oase,ler animale.
    descope'iri dateazf, stratul respectiv cu perio'da
    r,r1 rn);;i 3 bLrc:iti cre;r:ur.i de r,ier (150 gr.). r\c,este respectiv provine drrl
    solul'Lri r;e poate i""tp''nt cd sttatul
    sec,JlLrl lllV. JLrdecind dupii c.mpozt{ia lurcrdrilor de con-
    par.[eil rnijlocre t de lingn cin'e a 1'cst o'untut in qant dupl finisarea
    'alulr 'an{,
    sttLrc!ie I citllcie le i cic lltr'tta' fornra unei lentile' care se a$-
    11. Pr:ste striattll nr' 1l se gasol
    o aglornr:rafte de mortar qi pietrr: sub
    not'cl-lsttd. Lalrmea stratr:1ui era de' 1'60 m
    la capatul de sLrd
    ternea tn plrl.ea r:e:ntrale a ;an{Lrtui, pJ'r^.
    _ 1.+1

    rLl ;an{ulr.ri \;i cle :i.1") m la cirLpJt.Lll de nord, iar grosrmea lui rnaxrmald era cle 0,40 m. Mortarul era de
    r:ulorLre griilbure. une le bucdli -r.tinglnd dirnensiuni de piina la 15x1.lxi0 cm, 12xl0x8 cm, fiind ana-
    logic clupli compcl:,t,ii.ie gr cukrirre c:u rlortarul drn stratul cle constt't-tc;tie al citaclelei de piatra din seco-
    lul llIV, <lescgpe:rit liingd zic.Lrl ucesteia. N4ortal sirnilal a fost descrtperit i:n segmentul nr. 2 al ganfu-
    lLri. celcei.al ?n sectorul nr.7l.Ir4ortarul crzr amestec,at cu pietre de, dimensiuni mari (80x65x40 cm.
    rj0x.:i0x4t-t cm, 55;r^-15x3{) crn.:i0x40x30 crn), miilocii gi rnici, provcnite din resturile de constt'uc{ie..
    r:rtuclclci de purtrri clin secolul XIV. c:u-c, dupa iinrsarea lucriinlor c1e construclie a celei din urlr6, ali
    os. iil'un- irl.c in );r lt.
    in stratul cle rnortu'drn ;lnl iiu lost dcscoperitc Ei 1'rrgmente de ceramici gdlbLrie-roqteticd de fac-
    iurii orientirlir trlticri 1tenrru sct;olr-rl XIV. Aceas;ti ceramiclr demottstretzilcd stratul respectiv apitrtine
    reritracie i 1'loar-cler rlc ,\Lu'.
    'in rrcelagi stlat, Ia irdiincimet de 1 .62 m, a fbst descopelrti o lupa de fier
    itu lltelrtale;r de cit'r:ir 3 kg, ltrt:venitir cle a fundul ttnui c-tptol de rcdus rnin,:reu de fier.
    ,1. i1 ;raltca superioati rr gan{ului se gdsea un slrat de panllnt,ienu$iu deschis practrc fdri
    mplrritdti. cu1'e rcjlfe;.enta o parte cliri stratr-rl de cu,lturi nr. 2 diri sectotLll nt-. 75, observat in ple-
    ljma;arrtuIui,,\(:r:r,t stlirt i:rL grosimca de 0.20-0.90 rr. avea fornta unet le,ntile cafe acoperea toa-
    a prirteir, supclrc,r,u-ii il. piintul-ri, cle lt r,ivelul solului <lin secolul XIV, adAncimea de 0,4-5-0'57 m
    riLrrii la 1.20-i.(r0 nr. iln ca,Jnrl stratulur respectiv au fost descoperite: o llara din fier (-L'-54 m)' 28
    ir.altrnenr.c cle cet'arnicii. ciintre c:are l Z fr-agrncnte a1:ar{in Hoaldei de Aur. secrllul XlV. rlrr l6
    i-lltrnenLe d,er cer-it.p1ci molcloreneal;cli, cle cLrl,lare ce nuqie tipicii perrtrlt I doua lumdtate it seco-
    Lulrtr XI'l'- inceputr-rl secolr.rlui X\,'. Au mai fost descoperite 4 fragmente cle sile.x din
    paleoliticul
    :fu';rju;i I i:tri ,Cirr ftct',
    {cest str-at esr.c i.inalogtc rJupir cornl:rozrlie qi culoarr: cu stratul de culturd nr. 2 din ctrclrttl sectoru-
    lLri rrr..7:i. gbsr:r.r,,ir.t i1 ai'ara:;lLnlului, spt-e est qri vest. Pornincl de la faptrrl cd
    partea superroard a stra-
    Ir.rlrrr c;n ianl s3 tt,r:isca practil lzri aceliLqi nivel r:u stratul lespectiv clin
    preqm[, reprezentlncl de 1'apt o
    :ontinuar.e $l o plrte il acestLira. lllltem conchicle cd ac:st sol. a fost aruncat in $an! dinspre
    esi' din
    citadelei piatra'
    tullti.r fostului val, tJemolat in ri:z:urltatLrl linisirrii l';crdrilor de constrttcfie a d,e

    Ir;,etrtrrr din,;.t1,1t. in por'lir,rrrea ccrcetati a qan!ului au lost descoperite,: o verigd'


    din lier, element
    cle l;, o ziibala peltttt.l cai (-2.t) m). 6 bari drn l'ier (-1,51m). o placa
    rjin aranld (-2,11 m) q;i I cui de
    de z-9ula de
    fier-.,1..i5 m). l.l l;.rrre cle silex din paleoliticul tirrz:iu,2lupe cle ller (3,1i lt.e),3 bucati
    fragmente ceramica de
    fier-r'i-5tl _er-). fJ oi-1SC de anir-nrrle, I os; uman gi 54 fragrrente cle ce|amica: 36
    f'actr.r*l ri:rie:nrlla tipicii secolulr-u XIV ;i l8lragrnent,e ceramicd cenu$ie
    moldoveneasca tipici pentru
    lu clgLrit jtrntatate it sr:cglullti )(l\'' - inceputr-rl secolului XV'
    ('rotrsltt,e,itt.lt:rttltitti.In t,irita materiaIelor oblinute. pLltem conchide' cI in parlea de est a ganlului
    i_i exrstat un r,,rirl r:Le pimiint, cure la o anumitd eiapd
    isloricd a fclst clemolat, pdnilntul din corpLll lut
    stabiHtd cu certi-
    fiind arurrciir 1n qan1. I)ata dcrnciliu'ii r,alLrlui de pdrnlnt li data astupdlri SaniLrlui este
    plecleazd ceramica 9i mortalul
    tuclire in liinitr:lc unilclr.(r0 rr secolului XIV. in favoarea acestei ciate:
    drrr Lrmplr.rtura qantulur. Ce,rri-nica, clcscroperrt[ la toate nrvelurile rlan{ulr"rt,,
    inclusiv la fLrnd, aparline
    ar secolului xlv (flocrux:r
    pcr.r'aderi }loar-dr:r rle Aur g. oste dalatii la or"heiul \/echi cu anii 30-60
    20r,):). Dat frinct,,:ir in uinplr-:rura gan!ului a fost descoperit un strat
    masir de mortar 9i pietre, prove-
    de Aur' plltem
    nitc clin lcstunle r1r: consti,-rctre, ale critrLclelei cle piatrd, eclificatd in perioadii Hoarclei
    a citadelei de pratrir;i curdtirea
    su:itrne i.,i:;,rntUl a lost astu.ltlt dupa linisatea lucrirrjlor de construclie
    Observa[iile stratigrafice
    rere*ului clin p,rg216a ei. iri:rr;elagi timp a fost demola: gr valul de pZin'rint.
    astulpirrii qan{ului' La inceput a
    au pernris sa i;taSilirn ordineriL ctemolririi valului gi. r'eslrectrr, orcltnea
    qi aruncat inapoi in
    fost tiiat vir.furl valulitr, alcirtt.rit clin sol lutos, e:<,tra:i ciLnciva din fundLrl $l'rniului,
    gan1. La a dou[r 1,,a|,a. afost,J;:ntolatd pllrtea cle rnijloc: lt
    valului, alcatuita din sol cenuqiu, extras can-
    clvr din l)arteit cle rnijloc gi suprelioari a qanfuluLi, gi aruncat inapol
    in ;;an{, deasupra stratulr-u prece-
    resturji de construc{ie (mortar 9i pie-
    dent alciitLitt cl1n sol lirtos. l-,r itreia l'azd,in $an1: au fost aruncate
    tt-e). prc,r,,enite din Santrerr-ll c:itndeler clc piatrii, clurp[ c-rrd{irea
    terenuluti clin preedma citadelei, dintre
    de prdrnant, alcituitd din sol cenu-
    zicl 5i va)'l cle piirnirnt. La a l)atra fazilitl'ost clernolatii oaza valului
    trruncar:cleasurra stratului de mortal'9i piatrd'
    ;iu, extras drn iri'',e i.rl vechi ie cilcare $i ce-
    In legiitLu.l::r,t inventiil-r.ri identificut un interes apirrte prezintii cles,coperirea fragmentelot'de
    r.arrrrc6 nrolclc,.veneasci in par.tea infi:rioar6 a qanluJui. condiliile
    descoperii ceramrcii moldovene$ti
    11-)
    la.a Reuisla Arheolo (L Jene tl)u1

    cxclricl orit:e gincl clesprr: o pdtrundr3l'e a lor la frindul $anlul{.ri intr'-o perioiicld nlai terzie declt trmpul
    astupalii lui. Analiza ir cntai a fragmentelor descoperite demclnstreazA cA acestea sunt similare cera-
    micri nrolclo\iene$ti tipi:e pentr'rr r r1oua jLirldtate a secoh,rlui XI\'- ?nceputul secolului XV. in acest
    corrtexf pulenr c,rnchidc ca prez:en1u ceramicii moldovenegti in garrL! impreund cu ceramicii Hoardei de
    ,\ur reprezinta,c[e fap1. rrn indicr: cale pernrite sii stabilim tirnpul astupalii qanfr-rlui de vest, care in a-
    cest cilz nu poate fi dcc;it per"ic,rda clin Lrltima {azd.a dominirlrei in lrnut a Floardei de Aur, anii 60 ar
    secolului XI'vr.
    in iegiitLrri cLt l)r'e:.,lnti-l in r;an! a ceranricii rn,:ldovene,sti trebuie de amintit ci clescopeliri simila-
    re rr l'il:ut h anii 50 qr {}h.D.Srnirnor'. Aceste fapte. mai tiirziu, r:u"t fost folosite nejustificat de ciitre
    P.F.Ililnt:r p--ntru clatarr:a aceslui c,cmplel. cu ep,lca lLri Alex;rndt'u cel Bun (iilrpuq 1984, p.82-85).
    ,A.c,,:listf, opinie cste cor.estatf, <ie observar.rrle stratigrafice, caracl,erul umpluturii qi matelialele cera-
    rnice descopcfitc'irr garrr pe parr:Lu'sr.rl anilc,r 19196-2001. Descoperireain pat'teil inferioard a;;itn!ulLri a
    clc,rri 1'r'lgnrerrte de cet'utnictl tnolcloveneasci, cu caracteristici tipir:e pentru it doua jr,rmitate a secolu-
    lLrr XI\/,- lnceprrtul sei-' 'lului X.\'. l;:r f-el ca qi diesc:operirea unui frrr-ement sirnilar in partea de rnl.iloc a
    cornltlerxulni re:;pcclir,'. reprezintii un argun-ienl foarte seric-rs in favoarea pretlen{ei la Orheiul Vechi in
    lirnpul clonrinatieL Holi Jei de.A.r-u'I populaliei moldovenegti. Aceast.l intr:rpretare a descopeririloL
    mcntionrrto:,e qiseSte in clepllni concordan!;i cu descoperirile r'rrheologice clin gropile de ars vitt'
    r'crrrpleriele nr L I ;i l5).

    1.tr. Segmentull nr. 4 (sectorul nr. 76)

    .A fc,st irlentifrcat jri sec;toru.l nr. 76, ince-piincj cu adlncintea ci.e l,l8-1,30 m in partea de est a ca-
    lourilor (l-5-I15 gi curou 'ile C6-tlt5.
    '[1 pcrtrgle a,Cin crrourile L].5-Ir5 qi C6-E5 qrnlul era adl.nci1. in solul stenl piind 1a nivelLrl stln-
    cii de calcar, pe ulscr-rr strtipungincl stlnca cu 5-8 cm. Grosimea lentiler de pimlnt pe aceasta por-
    tiurtc de Slltl era rlc 0,:()-0 40 nt. Lllmele constructiei au l'c,sl observate atiLt in plan, sub forma unei
    pe,te de cglolre cenugir-inchisii, ciit gi in;lrofilr.r perefilor carourilor respecttve. Traseul constluc!i-
    ei :1a orie:ntirt lle irxit'reSr-eSrt. f iind observiit l)e o porliune cu lungimea de aproximativ 3,0 m.
    rvirnci o lllirne ,Je.1,6(),4,80 rrr. in partea de nc,rC lutura construc:liei cobolu'd in pantir spre sucl. La-
    tura cie sud a.,sa1!uluri r:r'a suplllpLrsir cle',;estlgiile unor construr.:lii dtn ser:olr-rl XV (cornplexul nr'
    *5r[). Solrrl cle umplurr-rrii clin;;an! reprezerta piLrnlnt de culoare cenugte irrchisd, firi lnlpuritd{i.
    ln
    pi.Lrlera superir:rari se g:r;ea Lrn sirrlt cle parnint als puternic de 5-7 cm. In solr-rl de umpluturd a I'ost
    ('ittr. La rJistlnta de lll nL spre est de la latut'a interioari a z-idr"rlur de vest a
    Je'srcoperiti ,,) r;t'tt,it, d't'
    -'iLrrdelei de 1rix11';i tt'lu;cttl $ilnttllLli sc tet'minl'
    in c,rntiitLrilreo traj:Lrlui dlt. la nivelul locii rle calcar. in carourtle C7-b7 pe o porlrune de 3.0 m
    a fr)s,t obs()l-rittji c, lenti ii alcirtuitir clln sol cenugiu steril cu pietrrg, care venr3il in cclntinuarea poftuntl
    ,Cer gan1 obliel-\,atd in carourile C5-tr5 qr C6-E6, cliLr dat i'iind cii act:stit se afla sub nivelul vechi de cdl-

    care al solr:lui nu llr,rte,tlr pune aceasta lentilain legdl.urdcu traseul ;;irn!ulr-ri.

    1,i6. Particularitii!ile $an!ului de Vest

    AnlLli;la materialelgr'ob{inLrte, permrte si face:m anunrite observalii privind particularitAlile tantu-


    lui de,,rest. Frin s,:sm,:'rrtele celr:etate au fost slabihte dimenrsiltnile Ei traseul 9an!ulLri de vest'
    $an1ul se a1:la la cli:;tanta cle 10,0-l2.ji m dr: la zrclLrl
    citlr1elei cle piatrd" Are un traseu serniovrl-
    CrpiiiLrl lui de norcl facc Lrn col sple est la dis;tarr{i de 6,0-8.5 m vest de la coltul citadelei de piatra.
    pe cle;.rlta p1r.te. capiltul cle sr-rcl al 5anlului l'dcea un cot spre sud-r;:st-est intrind sub zidul citadelei de
    pratLi,in porgiurrea rfjir ri la distanla cle 3,0-8,C) in norci de la tutnul ei de sud-vest. Lungrmea $an{ulur
    dc yest, nrdsir-1.rirtir pe ir\.a zidului citadelei de prirtra era de circa 98-99 m. $an1ul era
    perpendtcular'
    m;l.lLli abrspt al RiLrtuliii, se i'ntin,lea pe axa n,r'd-sud cu deviere de l5 grade spre vest, fiind paralel
    pe o lungilne de
    cu zidr.rl citaciel:i cle pratr6 pAnI in tegiunea turnului semiclval din miilocul laturii,
    6ri.0 m, de uncl,: incepie r, cotitura Ientl sprr: est, iritrAnd sub::i<Jul citadelei de piatrd.
    in punctul aflat la
    distan{a cle 9J,',t0 m d,:l la laturit ile nord.
    143
    l,olrr,n'r1 1. ,r\'r. 1- - - ---
    unea cercetati in caclrul sectorului
    nI' 76' a
    collrrl de siuci,-vest al r-:rtack:lei clc piatra' pe por!
    ')in
    de sud o'entat
    .po{ir.rne srab
    rr-onLlntata ii
    qanluriri, tar.e ,Jesemna inceputul traseului
    lost sesiz:irtir o aflat la
    -lrlseLrl cle sud al sarrlurlui a f'os;t observat c1.ar pe o por{iune c':6'0.m' in intervalul
    tipf. est. piatr"d. nrar
    intetioari a ztclulut 9.'*: ,]1,:]tadelei de
    riistlrrta de 1().()-].b,|] m Sp1.3 €st cle la matgincl indicat' In
    ,Jep,arte spre cst. ncl.iin<i sesizilbrl, posibi clin cau:ra
    te,rmind|ii acestei construc!ri in pLtnctul
    de:crlrnozicnl cLI o grosime de 0"20-0'40 m'
    iectc,rul ile sttcl, FanlLll et'a sllrltt intr-un strat ?n sec{iune cu ldtimea in par-
    ,r,e st ir\ieir o 1'O'nrd trape;loiclalii, pe alrlcuri semio\'ald
    $antul cle la nrvcltti vecht
    de rj,q5-3,r1 r-n. Adincrmea qan{ului de
    tea Supei.ioarii cie 4.70-5,E0 rn, iar l1 flilcl cle vest a citadelei
    cle suci in regilnea intersecliei cu latttt'a
    cle ciilcar.e v^r.rii de la 0.(r0 rn la capatr-rl plnd la 2'35 m
    cre piat'i, ra r.0 rn in regiunt:a din
    pre,,rjma tr.rr'ului srmiovar ar ziclutui, a.iLrngind
    in'-'.rpit'tI 'Je
    rrot'tl ,r ,r^^..r..^;..-,,,, {nrr descopel'ite
    r-rnc.,'rrnelile probe permit
    cltt'e perlr
    n;tlbe cale
    i' partea cle estu;'n{ultt , in timpLrl sirpirturllor arheologice art fost
    val cle peirlnt' cilre a fost clemolat in timpul
    con-
    si sustiri,:nr ci irr scctorul rcs,pectjv a,:xlstat un a fost descoperit un stlat de pamint cenu]lLl' ca-
    str'(:tie1 ,:ilatlelei d,: prllttra, Pc pat-cut'sul
    sapl.u'ilor
    val cle pii*int. cu valrir cie pa'mrnt
    clin prea.lma q;anfulr'ri de
    re. fo'tc fr pur; in regatLrr.d cLr eventuar.r
    Ve rt. pofte ii legata i,iLilr',pI,_rt,,rir
    clin parteu inferioarii a acestlri Ean!.

    1'7. lSronologia $anfului de Vest


    ulm'toarele n-]ateriale: diitele strati-
    perl*r stubilir.c* cr.o'orogier grn!'Jur cle rrest prezinti rnteres cur cuptorul
    gene'irle,,t,t.,t* strlrtigrafice 5r mate'ialele ceramice clin;an1' corelarea
    gr,lice 'an{ulur
    ,""';,.1il,1';,1;.1':::,::?:tl::,"!:p,:]li:,'nta niverLrr sr,arigfafic ar gr.pii. ean!urui, observar foarre
    cle cdlcare al solu-
    Or' gr'raplr qanluluL,erra sapiia cle l'r nivelul vechi
    brne in sectoiirele cerrc:etaLtrl
    jr-rn-rdtate ii secolitlt-ti XIV' fapt ce
    1n-
    tipice p.r,r'u,"tt"tut -XUl
    lr-ri, ce {rontrnea matet'iale ; f].i*" intr-un anumit rnterl'al de timp din
    clici. cii, cronorosia rerat:^ir a ga'urui cre vest po.te 'i stabilrtii
    o'- .a
    grirfi^
    'T;'l.;1:lill:l;:r.,-c,111r16'gic, it relrezinrii s;rrat ,Til;ffffll:
    I'l]11:'j':,:,,:,'::**,'":i';:
    d'emolat'iarinfinal cltmoloz
    r.lel'estalostllstLlpal in3-4e.a'e'lainccputtupatiinitrinvalul
    p.rnind cieia faptirt, cir crata cclit]cirii citadelei de piatrieste
    $irntlll sta-
    c(lns;r1.'c!ra cilacielei c*: [:,iatra. poate sus-
    cr3 ra 1366-1369' sc
    cie Aurr in tir't, in pe'icada anilor
    birrrir i, ultirr* l.*z:ri a d.mir;r1iei l{.arclcr rJr'' limittr cronologtca sltpertoat'a a
    gln{r-rlLri ii-.-pr,.lclus in pel'i.a<1, :espectivd'
    ttne cii 5i ns,tu'i'.c^
    a.Jeceniului $apte a s;ecolulr'rt XIV'
    polrte fi stliriliitii in I coua jurnlitate in maiori-
    ;.irrfLrlr.il ciuiitlsl material:le ceramicc din Lr:mplLrtura;anluiui'
    Al tr.eiler,r r.:per cronolcgic, il reprezinia de tip 'rrienta}, caracteristici
    pentru
    in umprluturl gan{ur,i ir 1,ost clescoperi'f, ceramici In
    tilr.ei,i cirzufir.r
    rerativ riir cerami,:[ tirnpurie mol,ioveneascd - r8 fragmente'
    Flr.rarcr., c'e ,,\.rir._ 49 fragrncilte $1 cle ceramicd de tip ol'iental
    ale ump'lt''tr.l'ii l't'-'tJul au fost clepistate'28 ftagmr:nte
    stratltrile lnicrioale au fclst descopel.itc:
    ir, Stri]tu ol. *o,.to,.;t piatrli din
    qi 2 fr.rgrnente .ie ce,ramic.i rr,oicior,erelsca, au fost recr-rperate 13
    cle ceranriceiL ,, I-loarcle,i rie Aur, ial in slatui surf.tio.al $an{ului'an!
    [i iragrnente Aceste date de-
    lritsm.nte clt: ct:r"ln"'ir:5 cle -ip' t"'itnt"ili i6't''51"'tn.te de "eiam'cd molcl:rveneas;cd' malul Rdutu-
    rr-r,:urstfe[,zd r:d ltstr,tparel Panfului
    At t'"" t-" p''inl'"'1n perloacla cincl ?n a$ezarea cle pecenugie de tip
    gi ceramic. m.ld.oveneascd
    raspin-dir:e
    in r.ind cu,.iLrrarnica tipicri orientr,l-ri...,'ata Jilul*r citaclel.t:,,t1,*t' numeroasa dLrpa
    fi-
    rr:ii,
    rru$;,rrrn. *ceasra i'iinctr..trliu 'ardin:t,r*.itit'r
    o4: iT
    irsemene^ sitr-ralie se pLrtea crea
    in ultima ftrz'aa domrn.li-
    ni'elrrre a girn{urur. o
    nisarea procesurr_ri cre
    precarea o ong;iito, pr oclusd anul 13 69' cind tradi]iile q;t
    .r mo.gole 1n 1.rnur sau in a'i.dupI 'n o.nttrniti perioadir' dar in
    t''"fuiit pistre og"'"re pentru
    ,1,:)l-[uriiclr orten'tirllt in m.rJ 'rimii
    t,,gic
    'aqi "'nrtrteriare'"1n atitohtond a
    rmpuni ,r-,rJitii noi, caractefistrco pentru populaiia
    ar:elarii timp trebrurau sd se
    de vest s-it produs in pe-
    ca'rpirl.cl-nistrean ,\stfel, ,. 1,.,nt.'ccnchicje' ca l.stupa,ea 9a'n!utrri 60 ai secolLrlui XIV'
    !lnutLrlut a anilor
    d,,'Au.?n finut, in a oo,rol.rm6taie
    rioacr,r frnarii a ct.minatiei r-i.ardei cofelarii stfatlgrafice a $anfurlui de
    vest cu
    l1l 131tpslr3:a reper cl'cllloltogrc, il reprezrn[d rezr:ltatul
    p'''olilu tui (conipitl, l5)' U)tirnirl a fost clescoperit la est cle
    cuptc,r-Lrl cle: ars,urr rl.r,,.,l,erit ?n "t parte din suprafala qantului' Din cele
    pe locul tlem,lat, n..p.ri,.ro c'ciar'rnarurile sale o
    $an!. 'rlului
    ReL,isla Al:s9bgt 4. &-9J]-i4l
    1.,1 +

    cotrclrlzli: prilna const[ in fiip'tr;l cd in momenl'ul constructiei cuptorulLli de


    ars
    (:rl"puse rciese clottii
    i$i
    ',,ui, valul cl.e pirpl)nt era ri:molat, iar ce-a cli:-a cloua, este cd in momentul cind cuptorul
    incetase
    r,:,.istenfa. ;antul er.a astuput complet. inclusrv cu moloz din construr;fia citacleler de
    piatra. Avind in
    ,,,t:dere faptul, ca r-lmplutuLa cuptilrului con{inea lTrateriale tipice pentrll pertoacla finala a Hoardei de
    ,,\ur, sus{iinr:rn cit gantLrl ttlte de o tr'azd mai ve che.
    ,fil cincilea r.elter crorr.llogic. il reprezintd cc,relarea gantului de vest cr-r citadela de piatra' ObseL-
    r.rirlr: stratigraficer i;i unc,: categ,rrii de matr:rial,c demonstreazl l'oiu'te clar cd q;an{ul de vesl este
    mal

    it:clriin c6mptrl!ie cLr citlidela d,:) pia.tr,r. De spre aceasta vorbe;te, in primLrl liind, faptul ci latura de
    sLrd al ${n!u-
    \,(jst ir citaclelei ils, piatra. tlin punct cle vedere: stratlg:rafrc era sltprrapttsd peste capatr'rl.de
    pe o pol-tiltne rt'latf, la rJistanla de 3-8 r'n sDre norcl cle la tumul clin coltr-rl cle sud-\'est' In al
    Ir-' cle
    'est reprezi ntli moloz. din construclia citade-
    [1,.)rlcrr lirncl. riti-lrtu,l de nro-tar ;i pirLtr.i clin unipluturr.r gan]ului
    lri cle: pilLtra, ar-unr:at in 5rnt dupii telnrinarer zidulr citadelei qi amenajarca l'et'itoriului din susti-
    pl'ea.lma

    lrri. irr accsit conlexl. tiniurcl cont Je faptul ci cil,a,:l':la de piatrir este datati cu
    anii 1366-1369,
    n:m- r:a ;lnf Lrl de vest a lrrnctionat lllrrir in perioada men{tonatl.
    i; b,.r-r ..p.n:6r cri,iologicr: enunlaie. clata l rnitd a qan{ului de vest de la Orheiul Vechi este
    s,ttbilita 1tt peritlli,clil attilt'' (i0 ai sr:i:olului XIV"
    l'emarca, ci la etapa acluali
    Oat pr.irre;;te lir:lita cr,.triolosr:i irrferiolrd a s,itt-ttului de vr:st, Putenl
    pentrLl stabilirea unei date crlt cle cit exacte' Cu toate acesteiI'
    ;;,.iini. nL, clisptrne cllJ ntii,.(':r-itle nelestre inferioari a
    irr Lrazu rnriestigatrilol lll r:ologic,: ltc lroiite sr:s{ine cLl certitLl<line,'::f-r limrta c:ronologicd
    ri:estLri ;;tnt 1inc c[r: ult itlt-rylrl de f irnp cle pina lrr rlrjlocr-rl
    sec'clLlltii XIV'
    so intilnesc fragmente ceramlce 11-
    Iraptul cd,n :;tr-atul ri: cr-rlturii ,Cin prea"in-ia citatlelei. sporacllc.
    lrice pcn,trLr:;et:rllrJlc -XIll
    \illI af l),,rtetr con-stitui un inclicc inclilect in lavoarea datdrii qanlLrlul cle Vest
    r":ir ltcriolcla 1,.r'cr-llongolri,, clupi Ct.ll1l {Jredea
    qi Cih'D. Smirnov Dar, aVlnci in r"edere' ci materlalele
    sunt l'r;ar-te pLilin,: ll numdr (doar 219 ffagmente din clrca
    30'000)' ilr'
    Lreri,rmice,di' 1;,cnoilcia rnriicritir
    cortrprlex arheologi<; clin perioada secolelor
    r:r interior.r.rl citaclclei clc ,ratr"ri n-a fr:st iclentificat nici un
    :'an!tll de rrest perioadei nominalr-
    )i[ .KIll. in st;,rcliul i]ctLL-ri al cerct:l"irilor este t'oarl-e diticil a atlibr-ripr:rrfittnile crlrcetate ale 5an]ului n-a
    ,.rtc. Din liceluSi ,-1,,, r,edeft: pt'c;ltntit inleles :;l faptul. c[i
    itl
    'nghi pentru secolele xII-xllI' Pe de alta parte' desco-
    l'cst,Jcsc:crperir. nii:r Lrn 1'r.rgnrent r]e ceramici tiprica:
    tlpicri pentrlt secolul XIV' ar'
    la lirndul ;;an!r.ilui ,il-,,",ol. l)'agnlente c,erarnice cie facttrrd orientali
    acer;tei construclii perioaciei de lii inceputui dorllinaliei
    'erircliconlirrtr:r o probii i-, f ,voareii rLt'ibuirii
    tinut a lrloar.tlei cle AuL. <iin pr"ima jumatate a r;ecrlului XIV'
    'rrte,
    lin

    2. lporezl Ct'rntleuet DE PAMAN'r

    2'1. Dertr= generale

    specraliqtilor icleea apartenen{ei acestr'ri cornplex


    Descoperir.ea qanlulL. de vesl in lnii 50 a suglerat
    ra o iurumilii for.tifi:a1ie. ln acest .:on{ext, 1i't'cl
    cont ae fnptur cd i'
    perioacla respectivf, era idertificat
    sdpatudlor-c'ir'D' Smirnor' a emis o
    lun dcxle. fun' in part:,a de cr;t a,:ttadelr:i de pr atrd' alttorul
    ll re'rezrlntzl ilrme ale unei citadele de pa-
    pot.Z-i cle luct'u p,ttiivit e:irei. rele clcluti comple;ie puteall a fi ex-
    rint. Acr:astir ic*ce . insrii n-a f.s;t promo'atir inpubliialiile ;tiinlifice ale autorului' rdmlnind
    doirt itt rnateriale chr itrhivi (rl)n'rr'rpuon 195:lb'
    75)'
    tr-rt-t-sti
    Prirnulcitre,aDlornovrltiriliteriLturaclespeciirlitateiPotezrprivindt^i:l::.::laOrheiulVechrin arhivet
    pam,int a fost i.P. Bittt,-"' in rezultatul prelLrc|irt'ri
    afard de cita<JeiiL cle piiitir a unci cilaclele
    idee ii respcctir,[in a'ul 198;4
    (Elrplrr 1984) ;i a reconfirmat-o
    lLri Gh.D. smir.n,l\,. ,*,t,,llut clat rL lan:;at
    cirept baza lnve'stigafirle lui P'P' Ilirnea
    in 1991 (6r,rp,rrx 1991^ l7-20). tn anii care {lu urirnat, avind
    a fost prelLratS cle catre alli cel'cetatofi in
    legaturi
    ,sLrr)ra:.irrri'ei rui Gh.D. SmiLn.v,, icleea rnen{i.nat[ \y'echi'
    arhit-ectura orheiului
    cLt studiefeti Lulo,r asper:t: legate cle istoria 9i
    au confirmat e;xistenta gan{ului de Vest,
    Dat r.irncr" cii sirpdtr.ire arr.reologice din anit 1996-200r la srne' Dar'
    ide:ca priVind rpartcne,itl,il iicestuia la o
    ev,:ntuala "crtadeli cle pan-rint" se impunel de
    avrjn<j in vcdere f irptul, :d ace le,r:1i sr'tpdturt,
    prin l;ectorLrl nr' 72, n-au dus la identificarea qanlului de
    145
    lirr1ryru.l l. ,ltr' !---,-
    pdmint" de la Orheiul
    de icleea "citadele'i cle
    er;t. a iipdru,t r-lecesltirtou reevaluiLril intregu.ur context ce 11ne
    yechi, pei-rtru a st,ir.pi11 in ce nrisura este viabill aceastd ipotezd gi care ar {'i locul ;;antuiui de vest in
    s ste rrtul tortif ica{rilor de la Orheiul Ve:chi'

    2.2. Esr:nla icleii

    (,onfc,rrn diltelur lui Gh.D. !irnimor', e:xpuse de P.P. B'mea, "citaclela de p'[mant" ar fi ocupat un spa-
    clin pitLtrd, dePirgind-o pe ire-a rJin urmd spre est )l vest' spl'e
    ! Lt c.c,\,,.1 nrai mtre 1'n corlpar,iili: cr-r citadela
    ''Citadela dc pirnrint", in viziunea autoruiu.l, aveii o fbrrnd sentior''ald in
    suc1, insi. linci ce,ir: nrai micd.
    jliricl;rr.otejatd de rnir,iul abrupt oi Rliut'ului, iar clin celeliihe pilJi de un I'ttl de pdmint cu pa-
    1,lar, la norci
    lis<liir1rni€:rnn.p,rer,'[:.Lltcu;an1 JelLpirare pelaturiledeest;;icie
    vest(Ei'rprrx l99l,l2-"3])'
    mongole in !i-
    ln l,i,:iLrnel.L lui Gh.D. ljpir"nov ".,,,icl.l" r1e pf,mAtrt" era anterioard dominaliei
    secolului XIV
    rr't. iiincl at;rtruitri popular;i,:t ltutohtorLe.lin p,:iioacla secolelor XIiI - inceputul ob-
    (Crir.rpuc,r ;1960,'79i. i; 130. P.P. Bit'trer, p,',rpun.. o alti interpretare a datelor
    ""ii ^rheologice
    "citadeld de pa-
    rrir-rngin.l 1a cc,ncluzirr poiririit crireia presupusa
    !inu,tc de critr.e: cih.D. snrirrLov. cu anir 20 ai
    cel Bun' respectiv frind clatati
    rnint," c'r'it atribui'tii llclirladcl ':re dorllre a lur 'r\l':xanclrr
    r;ec,llLtlui XV ,ildtrprrH 1!)84, 8:1-E5). int,'-u,r rnattusct'is
    nai recent al Iui P P' Birnea' scris in colabo-
    (.[lapac 2004' 84' 153-164)' este exprimatd ct
    tilre JLI 1;.Ntcrrlar: 5i rleclial.:;at cle citre M' $lapac ?n perioada de
    jde,: nouti, potl'r\'tt cdt'eia "ci;ar,lela de pin,int" rr r.p'()zenta o ct:ns'ttuclie apirrut'a
    lpoteza lLri
    ,rfu:ii la,,rrlcxanci[ir crei Bun,,n anii L3,io-t400. Pe de o a1t.6 parto, 1n ultirnul deceniu,
    in clteva publicatii de
    ,fh.j.). Sr,irn.r,. !lni'cl cont tJe invcstr!!lliile lurr P.P. Ilirnel, a fost Prr::luati
    ,:it:'e I. llincr.r (1995)li Glr. [)ostica (2(t00a' 2000b)'
    \naliz.a rstolr,oglaficd clertnonstreazll, r:d pc patcr-rrsrrl
    ultimilor 50 de ani' ccrcetiitoili au expnmat
    f iind
    cle pamlnt cle l'Orherul Vechi' aceasta
    :rer ipote::ze cu ,e f.:rliu'e h crt.rttoloqia pres'p.,sei^citactlele
    secolului xiv (cih D' Smtrnov, Ion l{lncu'
    cat,ti cL, p3r.1r.).(r.r l)r-e*on1r. i. secolLrl xitt - i'rceputr:i
    Gh. posrrcii), pcrrrxL<ln'rol,Jr-rt'encasci, cc. l3?0-l+trO
    ff'' Nicolae' P' Bil'ea' M' $lapac) 9r perroada
    (P B?rnea)'
    ciorrniei lrit Alt:xant]ru cel l3un, l:t00'l't3i

    2l'3. Formularea iPotezei

    parrrilt" a fOst I'ornru atd de cdtre: Gh D Smirnov in lezultatul


    des-
    Ipcltezi.r prir,incl, "cttlclcll.l clo
    el d'ept scut{ul tle est st
    co1:r,,:ririi r cior_ra,r q;arrlurr in pri:ajma cltlcerei d.e piat'a, nonrinarizate cle c.Ltre m fiecare'
    o lunglme de aprrlximatirr 90-100
    para]ele' c:u
    ldnittl dt'r(',\'l.Clclc clou[ Satrtt.tt'i, apro;;lpe
    iii l{autull.i p. ri^ nc,rd-suci gi se a{'lau 1a o dista'fa
    de
    er.urr an(:.'.i:rtc in muchiir mr..ruiui pLipasiios lor mor-
    c10ud $anturi, cit gi caracr,errsticiie
    circ,r r(r0-r.65 rn cre artur. pozi!ia rle extrenri a ceror
    'nur
    fol.gice apr.piate, r-au crus t,c aritor-Llr ,Jescopeririror
    di. anir r952-r957 rsa faci o legdtr-rrd logicain-
    in iapolrrtele nepublicate de sdprdturi drept
    pd(i componen-
    tre ..ceslc cron.ipl3xc, penil-u a le interpli:ta
    te ale urrui sistern 1,'-iificat, dr:finrt la ti:'pul
    respecti, tit'ept "citadela de pdmAnt"'
    fortificat pal'.:a logica qi clln punctul de vede-
    Aplrtene.tii celor douri i;ornplexe la un siston-r uni: cr"r toate
    care se irrscria perfect intre.cele,douii EanlLrri'
    re irl cor.eldr.rr irccstLriu cu cilrclela di: piatri,
    in const.r-rc[ra ipotezei piivincl "citadelade p'nant"'
    chiar de la
    ace:itea, trr:b*rc rernarcat 1,ap,r.i1l. cd continurtate a
    nu-;,i gi^r.,1 o ldmurire rezonilbtla lipsa de
    in,::,',:put,3xlslilll lrnrumite p[o1;,leme.;\slfel'
    pamint. pe cie artii parte. ptrasarea ganlulur
    de
    ga''u'r.r. pe tri.irielll cle sucl ;rr positrlei fortil,icaii cre XVII, aclucea dupir sine anumi-
    est nenrijl.cit ringii dt: pirmant nr. 3 clatat c* ilrceputur secolului
    de la orheiul
    'arul ca gi imp,erlecliunea sirpiturir.r iirheologice
    te susprciuni. or, irceste p'.obreme, la fel autoril.r
    p.rtrit'i,:i ql expiicalia c'orespunzatoare din partea
    Ve::hi cljn anii 5(). rru gi-ar-r,gisrt aprercietea va Vedea in
    cic ace:rl u1,1scl:iv pe palcLtlsul inilcr 7i)-8()' Mar mult' ca 'atiit' ciupii cum se
    preocupa!,i greqelilor metodice din
    ciL nu s-aucrarificat in Iabrrrntr-rl
    c.'trnuirrr:, respccr.i'ii irutori pe lingai'r,ptut erori, care la rlndul
    irr contint,o,.,.* inl'rc,clt-ts in cir.cuitu'l gtiin!:ific alte
    anrl 50 Pr] c;lre le.ltr trralat
    ?n cauz'a'
    lc,r au c:txrplir:at Ei rlal rnrrlt'problentli oblinute
    rgevr!1a rezultatele slpattu'ilor ar:heologice
    in c,ontextul celor eK[]u.se, este im1;el'ros rie a nit'elul I'eridi-
    r;itadelei ,Jrheiului Vechi, p(3ntl'u a stabil
    c': citr,.: Gh.D. !imirn.r,?' ti*rpul cerc,etdrri
    146, __ Reui sta Arlrcol ctgA- )suLlpyg

    (ri1,rtli lor gr masurit in cire ilcest,3ir pot fi servi in ;alitate de sursd istorico-arteolo-gicd. O asemenea
    .rL-rorrjare \/a a\'ea in con:;ecinfa dlept efect, aprotrarea sau dezapt'obarea tpotezei preliminare a ltti
    (ih.D. Smiilrrov' dcsl;r'e e.\rstenla Ia rJrheiul \/ectri a citadelei de pdnriint.
    Din acest punct cie l,e {lere, urrnea:rd a aniLhza sr:llarat fiecare dintle cele douli gantud, a evidenfia ma-
    t,:rialele din crrdrul accstora, a stallili cronologia fieciruia'in patle gi a ef'ectua corelarea lot'.
    "ifieologtce

    2.4. $anful de Vest

    ,lunlul dt'V,ts't a for;t identificat de ciLtre Gh.D. Smrrnov la distanla dle 12 m spre vest de la
    ,riclul crtadelel d,: ltiatrii [,a suprafa.ta solLLlLri la trmpul respectil'nu etista, nici un senln clrL- pu-
    i:a si rnclice asLlpt'ii pre;:en1ei s;lrnlului in acel loc. S-a constatat c[;antul era paralel zidului de
    resl al crtaclelci de piatrii, urnriLndu-i trase ul prini in preajn-ra tut'nr-rlui de s,ud-vest, unde liicea un
    ,.jot sipre sud-etst. dLrpi cc se terntina. Prirnr-rl seg:ment al cornplc:xLrlr,ri dat at fost cercetilt ilr anul
    t9-5lt r.Sectiunca nr'.3/l!)52) (Cl,rnpnon i9t56,5) In anul l9ji6 au fost dez,r,elite alte trei porfiuni
    .rle ;anlr-rlui (iSeclrunil:: r1r. l/1!)56, nr. 21195'6,3/19-56) (Ciunprron 1956, 5-7), ial in anul 1957
    'incii o p,rrtir-rne (liercjiun,:a nr. l/1957) (Cnrupnoe 1951,7-8).In acest context, trebuie de subliniat
    iaplul, cd clttcun-tLentarul arheologic ce tine cle,:errcetat"ea acestui q;an! este foarte va-9, iar materlale
    cral'ice 11'acti,: lipsesc. L,a etapir actuald, inforinalii generale despre Santul de vest pot fi g,[site
    ,:.tgar subr l'ot'mit cle text i't rapoartele de sapraturt ale iui Gh.D. Smilnov din 1956 9i 1957" Informa-
    tiiler gr:nerale. culese dir acesle iurse sunt e.KpLlse in tabeltrl nr. l.

    TABF.L.UI-IJF, /, DI\TE PRIVIND MATERIALEI-E D=SC(f PE:RITE DE CATRE GH.D. SMIRI'IOV iN "$ANTIJL DE VEST

    i\"1at.eliirle
    :r/1952 ).il956 l/lt)56 t/1957
    (lerrmici rle tipLrl [{oirr: ei de l6 liag
    52
    l\ ur
    (leLannici rtrtl dr rvene.ts; ii 27 tirtg.

    ()*.;a;;;;r. ---_ 20 1l ac I I ti'r'I.


    I-acdt clin 1-ier' I 1l'rr
    -N,1,,*air..i*;i-'H,*ii ;;le -T
    I

    /\ ur
    Latintea Si.nttrLlul
    + 0.ti5 m
    _-Ad,in,Lrne,:itnt.u.ur ___
    Irolmr;anluluL a tbiatl
    stral de pir-
    str;rt de strrrt de strat de piatrd.
    Iirrrp lut lrr,. tf,i,
    1a ttf t.l Ltt pllitra nirrtri 3ti0x...m
    250x40/50 m

    pentru tolite p6rliulrlc cerc,irtate ale qangului de vest era caracteristic f;rptul prezen{ei ?n prartea
    ,,Lrperioarri a umpriuturii i unrl strnt nnasiv cle pir:trt:, care aveillt o intindere de pdna lir 2,50-3,60 m cu
    1.) gt.osime de circa 0,4Ct t).,50 m. in partea dinspre nord ganlul avea c)
    formd triunghiulardin secltune,
    iar :;lre sucl o formi albrriirtir.
    pentru stabilirea cronologiei ganfulur pri:zir-rti interes urmi'Ltoarele matet'iale descoperite in
    partcl inl.erigaril u cor-lplexului dat: fragment: ceramice de tipul Floardei de Aur datate cu
    inijlocul secciu]ui XI'\/. o monecld clin aramE. a Hoarclei de Aur din aceiagi perioadd qi un frag-
    rnent der cerami,:d cenu;ie mol,Joveneasc[. Penr:t'u datat'ea complexului prezintd interes $l
    stra-
    tr-rl <ie priatr-d clnr parterr sr-rperioarii a qan!ului, care in opinia ar-rtorului
    sapdturilor reprezentii
    r.esruri cle construclie rle la cirar1ela cle piatri.. in baza materialelor obiinute, Gh.D. Smirnov
    corrs;i(Jeril c6 <Jata astulririi qarLlurlui de vest p,otte fi stabilitd.in fazt firrala tr domina{iei mon-
    gole la Orheiul \y'echi.
    ,Ce vest, cit 9i data stabi-
    Tabloul arhe,clogic rlin sapdturil,: lui Gh.D. Sirnirnov din cadrul qan{ului
    qan! documentata ar-
    lita rle acesl aLltor, slncq,rdd per{'ect cu srtualia ar:Lreologicf, din cadrul acelr"ria;i
    lreololtic; prrin sdpr;iturile ttretodice din anii l'91)6-2001'
    I j'i
    tal

    21.5. $anful de Est


    zidul
    I:lta fost iclentrlicat Smirnov l.r drstirnta cle ':irca 30-40 m spre est de la
    cle r3h.D.
    fiutttu! ott:
    unui val adiacent dtn pa-
    citad1.lei J.e pialrii.. Siple cleosellife cie ganfut clc vest, unde lrpseaui ':rmeie
    al lui Gh'D' Smirnov'
    .int. in c.;rzLil :iiinl.ului de est. Jr-rplicLurl se mentilneazdin raportul de sirp5'tu|imai pulin pronuntat la
    n-rai mult siau
    sc cLr tstali rr irnbinat'e a iLccsttti crJmFrle{ cu tllll '''al cle lldmlnt,
    rje pdmant, l''iind plasat- in fa{a lui dinspre est'
    r;Lrpr-lrfala r;olLrlui. l):rn{ul cle er;r urma tlascLrl acestui val
    orarlului ?n doud pa{i, incepind
    ,r\ces' val drrpa cum r;ustine ins,d:;r Gh.D Smimo'v inl.retlirt terttoliul
    cle la malul alrr*pl ll RauturlLri. al'lat in partea rJe norcl lrr
    o distan[[ cle circa 20-30 rn de la tLrrnul de
    rror-rj-esr trl <.:rtrclelci cle piatrir. spre sr-rd, in <1irec1ia MiLna;tini
    Peqtet'a'
    ciu'ela complexul nomtnalizat'
    in ba:za datcl.r ltri Gh.l-) lSrnirnov, aji-rngem la c:on:luzia potllvit
    '\,'r:]r-rl cle piil-]rirnt nr. 3 Jl Oi'hei'rlr-ri \/e chi, ciire clupd culrl s-i:l constat mai tdrziu da-
    tepl-czenta in li.rpt
    tea;:r'i clin r;c:olttl rlt l{Vli-le;a (lir'tpnx l9()] )'
    (secliunea nt 211952)' in anLrl
    in anLrl l!r52 a tost cercr:rl-tr pilntlr segment al garfulr-ri cle est
    11-15; Arhiva MA-1954' nr' 100)' iar
    l95,j.un;Llt sesrnenl (Sec!i,'t:a nr'.6/195-1)lc*r"pnun t9546' f/1955'
    jn l!,,-i5 lltr: pi-rpte ,segn1ent13 rlc rtcestui comp'lei (Sectoarele nr' A/l9ii5' E;/1955' B/1955'sapaturile
    I),cume'ra^rI arhr:ologrc ce line de
    r/l!1r55, iKilc):i.5. K/i955) (C:,rrrpHoe 1g.55. i0-37)
    rlantl-lur,:le crit. ca;ri ?n caz:ul qan{ulr-ri cle vest, €:ste
    foarte vag' Cu excepl,ia sectiunii nr' 6/195'l' nu
    textLrale, crar, cu rr-nportante lacune gi contfadictii
    r-uu pislr.nr u-i'teriillc graficr,: unere chte sunrar-e
    cte sitPhttrri ale iui Gh'D. Snlintov ciin anii
    195'l;i tr95-5' I'forrnaliile culese
    ;au,risrrrr in
    'upcia-teli,
    Jin lcesle sLlrso st-lLllt e xpLtsc irr tat:relul nr' 2'
    GH D SNIIBI'JOV iN,,$ANTUL DE EST"
    I- '2'. Dl\TE: PRlVll''lD I
    ^lR.
    "I r'eliirlc t-i;,.,.t--
    -- ------. :: -f -|-:::--- - -
    , a -,"t,r'J,,10
    1+
    tinul llolu.,Jei

    lant rc it
    L--e

    ce tugie m,.ll-

    t;,doOa:'eet^];.;.--
    \ eits cat
    ce lnr-
    i I I -F

    {*!e - ::-i-__--f-
    i.se Lllniln
    ----
    nt|etirerc I

    t, )l n litlll
    iisnrtd tlt:
    IPllttlr--- -T-----_-
    LVI()llC!lc1 rilirr-n:i
    II l\4(,nccl,i lLll l-l
    iLl

    II Hlarda ,\i,tl I
    rf, Jitl ll.r de
    u\- la ur

    ] M,orrr:dll itt'a-
    : l l --,,..^1,.,,
    miL A.lexi.tndtu
    et i B'ttn
    I L _Llitrrrelt
    .- --_---:-
    q;irnl
    sLlii
    Lilit.nea :1itn1
    31 cm
    I J(:jt*_____
    I A,dinl'tnre
    l---l-]-,_r#_-*k
    -1'.*-------.] -ll'"1- tr()ncorl tron(:on

    l-llLu,'lttt
    .
    platl'4, piat r6.
    m0f t&r
    piatra
    moltal
    lilmirlutut'a
    | ___----_ 1 _ 1_-_-giatra-'

    ganlului a fost descoperitii o lentila din


    in se,:itunea nr' 6/191i4 'in partea suPerioat'6 a umPluturii
    obselvatii in sectiunile qanlului de vest'
    piatrii, cru'e in opirria lui Glt'Dt Snrirncv era similarri le ntilei
    L1S
    ---- * _ B-_1ttJslihgglpgi.cit._.Seie nottct
    in llte sectit.tli ale gant.ilui de e:srt umplutlrra reprezenta cel'noziol'n in amestec cu pietri$. $iintul avea
    o formA tronconicd saL triunghiula.rd in sec{iune . Materialele ceramice din gan! {in cle un cliapazon
    cie:s;titl de lalq. linceplrrrl cu secolul XIV gi terminind cu secolul X\,'-XVI: ceramic[ cle tillul Hoardei
    de: Aut-'in'{ cazuri (6'19-54. l\./195-5,6/19-55,;{171955),cerrmiciicenLrpie molcloveneasca-i1 6ca-
    ztrri (6/1954 A/195-5, t;/1955, 1l/1955, E/195:i, )U195,5), monedtl a Hoarcle:i cle Airr (E/19-55) $i rno-
    ne,dd moldo\cneascd di tirnpul lui Alexaldru cr:l Bun (wl9-55).
    Anali::a tnalet'iale,lor drn gun{ul de est aratd, r:a structurlL acesl.ora gi diapazonLrl cronolo_9ic dif'era
    ,,,'g,,'p'-rrdrL
    itr -rr^rn,'''rtio ,-'' ,-1,
    ,.,u uesrl(,,')cfit'ile din qanlul de vrtt;t. Dacd materiale descopei-ite in gantLrl de i.,est au
    perniis datiit',:a etapel f'nale a cornplexului cu perioada domrna{ici Hoardei de Aur', apoi rnaterialele
    descr:peritc in gitntul c[r: :st cletteazd. etapa finalii a acestei construcl.ii cu perioada moldoveneascd.
    Or, acestecorlstatair " itr cazul acr:eptirii cure;lrltate veridice, vin siriistoame toaticonstluctia ref'en-
    lortre la cit.adcla meclievlr a de piLnrint de la Crhciul Vechi, lansatd pr:blic de citre P.P.Birnea;;i acceptatd
    lat'ii rJisculti clc altj specilliqti. ln aceastd situatie, te oretic se po.ite presupune ca in timpul sapitLuilor clin
    anir ,50 putea sii se 1tt'oclucit o confuzie de materiuL:. mai ales cilasemenea lucrurli ali avut loc in alte sitLra-
    tii Dar, o analizS" atentil t rapoartel,rr de sapritr-n-i ale: lui Gh.D.Snrirnov. aratd cirin cazul de tina problema
    l'lu este in posibila gre;e rrla it autol'Ltlui, ci in interpretarea difer"itir irr celor dourd ganluri q;i acceptarea de
    aprioti a iLel3dturii rtrszlnir:r dintle aceste consh'r-rctii jn cadrr-rl unui sistem unic fc,r'tificat.

    2.6. Solutii stiintifice


    ;, cLr prot' cma elucrdittA, trebuie nle nfionat, cir descopentorul celor doud;anlud, Gh.D.
    In legirtur'5
    Snrit'no"', pl'actiLr, rt-a in:ercat sir fiica argLlrrentart:a metcldicri i.r cronologiei acestor complexe in leea-
    tLrriL cr-L ?ncildlare,u lol iin sistemul posillilei ,,citadlele de pdmiin1.". Inlerpretare:a q;anturilor'?n calilate de
    par'fi ccrnlponenl,3 ule "citadelei de plimint" s-a. fii;ut la etapa inilirrla inbazzt. Lulol'conslatdri folrnale:
    pozitia viilufilolin spi:Ltitr: coreiarea lor cu cjta,Jela de pratrd; orientarea, forrna gi dimensiunrle santu-
    r"ilr)r: c10s,loix)nlea in girnl ir cetLmic'i rnoldovenegtr,
    N-a fiicut ninrc pt:r .ru arguilncrltarea crrr:n,rlogiei celor cloui q;riin{r.rri nici P.P. Birnea, cale cLl toa-
    te cd a avlrt Ii indenriir,ii rnateriulele lui Gh.D. Snrirnor,. n-a t'iicut analizii cuveniti a acestora, acrcep-
    tin<J fiu'5 rczef\'o rdeel legdturit ,:elor douii $ar'lturi in sistemul unic fbltificat al citadelei de p-imirnt.
    in l,celagl tirry, )?.P Bjrrrea. a larisat icleea desple existenla la est rJe citadel:r Orheiului Vechi a doud
    qanLun. Lrrrr.rl f irnd le_eai,1e "citaclela. de pimint", datatd l:r irLcepul.r-rl secoliilui XV, iar celalalt de vii-
    lul :r. li rle la in,reputul ;ecolului X\zII (EsrpHq 1991, l2)'.
    Confolrl opiniei lui P.P. Elirnea gan{ul ce {inea de valul nr.3 datat cu secolLtl XVII se aila la
    ;roalele cle vest ale lali-rltri. iar;;aniul n-iai vechi, r:t: tinea de "citadela de pamlnt" era amplasat la poii-
    lele de est a acestui val t3srpns 1991.12,17)-.
    in le;gitula c,u celc rrention{rte. atragern aten{ra al iaptiil. cd respectiva afirrnalie a luj P.P. Ilirnea
    nu irvea nici i-rn te:ner, r:prezentind o simprlii erolre, dat fiinci cd autoi'ul sdpltLrrilor. Gh.D. Smirnov.

    'ir, rcesl
    :u..|I1L'I.'pnio.lt,'.!O('l11i1()C'l|;|t''!Kpu:}||bI.1|

    Santr.rl de ll
    ,:st,le citiideli. i e se gdse:au aliitr,u'i. dm se refe:rh la di1-elite perioa,Ce. Primul este ntai tiirziu (secolul XVIIt,
    iar cel de-irl doilea - rnai tirtput'iu. l)t: aceea, prinr-rl intr,:tiia cimitirul. () lli'u't,3 din nrormjntele cdruia au tbst sdpate in
    rumplutura r:c ur de-ul doilea rrnl rnai trmpuriu, sincron cu alt gan! aflat la vcst de citadeld).
    rin|ecit'tl}.i0tliice]asiaP.P'IJirneascria:,,

    o 5o.'tce nojdtte-,,t
    lrri nr'. I, crre purtial
    ce \,r)rbe:ite rlespre conslnr,lt rr rnai ttr":rie a valului gi gantr"rlui in compala{ie cu necropola). In alta ordine de idei acelaSi

    6()ct1l0Lr||OiOp6u.|)u(:tt()..|()')'t((,ttHO:o
    apir.lrr: de la est de citacjelrt,le piatrd iiu scl)s la iveali vestigiile Eanlului timpuriu de est, arnplasat in tatl valtrlui nr. 3 5i
    grrntrrlui lui. $anful are: adinc -nea 3i-5 m).
    149
    \ r'l t I1-r1
    -,Li1;.r. ]-,
    |

    despr.e exisr::nta in sectorul dr: la est de citadeia cle priatra


    a doua $an!1lfl, lar
    , a rl(:.rs
    'iciren
    P P. Iiilnelt n-a clenlonStrat vre-un al'gumcnt SCfiS Sau grafic
    in acest sens'
    6nuliz,a rappartelor <le siqri.tuli ale lLii Gh.D. Srnirncv din anii t9512-1956 aflate
    in arhiva N{uze-
    Lrlui cle Ar-heologic l Acaciernrci de $tiinle a Republicii N4olclova, ttu oferd
    nici un indice cu refedte
    llL un al d::,i1:a qan{ l:r est cle citarJela de pratra. Dtn potrtvd, in raportul
    de r;apituri din anrrl 195-5, se
    acestea liind cercetate pe
    sripuleazd foartq clar, cd aici :s,tc vorba rJe un s;ingur garr! 5i un singur val,
    p,aic,-,,'s,.rl miLi niultttr irni prin illtennediutl unor secftr'trrt arheologice'
    sapdturi din anui 1957 de la
    llicr, treburc sii remarcdm, cii este acl,ivarat ;i fapt,ul, cd in laportul <Je

    C)r.herul \ze.chi. il.l lr:rqarl.ul-a cu crl-cet[rrea unei noi poLiuni clin cadrr-rl
    valtrltri nr. .3, Gh.D. SmirnOv, constata
    vedere faptr:l cd sec{iunea
    ci llL de ,,,ersl lLle acestLri ::ompler. ar 1i descope,r'it ur $an{. Dar. avlndin
    rle sdpdturi, se afla la distanla
    opera:ri'.alcle valrllui nr. 3 in anurl 195'z clupd cLrm este inclicat ?n raportul
    's.'fa
    cle .l5rl m r;'r-e r;r.rcj ,Je lii capiit"rl cle nor,J rLl valr-rlui nonrinrrlizat,
    complexul adincit de la poalele de vest
    poate fi pLrs in legdturd cu pfestlpusa "cita-
    ale ,,,alulu., c'hiL in r::lr:zLtl tnteqtri:tLdi lr,rj itr calitate de gan!, nu
    t-ielI de piimiiltr'' <Jat f'rind cir rLl: ;e incacl|el.zit nici pt: clelliute
    in trusettl ilcesteiil'
    "-
    i ; ac:lrgi ilonte)(l. p.p. Birnea sus;lirrea ca ganfr-rlcie est al "cltarlelei cle panilnt", aflat la poalele
    ,"alu,lrii nr. --1 a iost suprapus cl: necrtlpola medierrald dirr ii douii jun'i[tatr: zt secolttlui XV
    - incepr"rtul
    eum af ilma rlttorul mai multo molmlnte
    :;ec.luiut .KVI, 1in,.,,.,'1ilu*r1;lrn[r.1lui iiir,cl descoperite dLrpd
    t 6;rp:rn I!)91. {7-18 )'.
    preajma ctta-
    cronologicli iscatii intre gatrlul de est ;i q;inlul de vest din
    ln lesitLr-ii. cu pr1;trlerna .V.:cl-ri.
    che:il rezolvittii, se g6se.qte la
    c|cle:i cle l)lalI.l cie la Ol.heiu] trcbttic mentlonat, ca piind la ur'miL
    insa.gr dcscopelitcl|ul itcestc)r:onstructii. in acet;t
    sens Lln interes rjeosebit prezintd concluziile lui
    plrne 1a indoiala
    (jh.D.smirrov la r-aprortul cle s;dplitur-r clin anr,rl 1.955, prin care aul.orul siLp.rturilor
    i,pur-rene'tr.l qanfulrri"r]e est la ''.:itudelii cie Pdnriint".
    Gh.l). Snurnov susfine, ci qan{ul de er;t (conslde-
    (datat[
    rat rli in:unte pailc ir.,r":itadr:rei cie pam)nt",), este
    mal tarziLl dec,lt necropcia din acest sector
    se,colulur XVI), reprezenrri'd mai degrabi o
    pa'te din
    c:u . ilouu lumiitrrtc rr secorulr.r XV inceputul
    -
    :,ist,:rnul rlelensrV lntLlit la Crrhr:ir.rl Vechi cie catre
    Eremirt Movill la incepul'ul sec' XVII'
    ,\stfi:l.r,uttrl,1'Ltlicleii<;iracie,l.:itlcpf,lrrint,bazindLt-sepeclatelearheologiceoblinute'aniut-tsin{'inalla
    r:oncluzir. p,rr.ir it c6rcia r.rnul[ rJ ntr-e gan!Lu'ile prcsllpusei
    firrtificalii, gi anurne gantLrl cle rdsf,rit ar fl dintt'o
    lrcr.lirlciirnlllitiLt'.2-iec[ccit,sanlLilcler,es],saunraiexactclittsecolulX\u.C]orrst,rtdrileluiGhD.Snrimov
    dati' dat fiin'C ca pllneau sub semnul
    ,lin anul 19-5-i. cfclLu, bine'in;cl:s. c| sttlialie cle c:onlutz in lloblema
    <ie autor r:r-r ciliv'a ani
    ,ntr.etr.-u.ii ,in'agi rclce;-i rxrstentci la orheiLri \"echi ii "citacleiei de pimint", e;tpdmatd
    [a ce'cetarea Eanfr"rlui de est' dtn
    n': 1n*irrte. Dupa cer.cetarire din anul i955 Gh.D. Smi'ncv n-a rel'enit cu Vederea
    :arr: :auz:ii protrlernrt ir fost cruts;el'vate. uitima
    opittic I lLr Gh D' Smilnov' insd' a fost tlecutii
    a rdn-lal; ilecunlscutf, pentru cetr:eldton'
    Je r:litre P.P. B|lnr:1, ditl clu'e: cltt-t:zi aceasta
    viziunea lui G'h'D' smirnov' tfaseul a$a-
    in lt,:qhtu.ii cu ottser'a!iilc fac'ter, l)utem consta, ci in
    mai tArziu l;i P'P' Bit'etr' se' afla l1 poalele d:
    est ale va-
    ruLirrrtulLr: gan{ dc cst, clLtlrd c,rtm recltntjltca
    ,]onsta in faptul ci in trmp c': plirnul ajunge'a la conclu-
    lului nr.. :i. Dilcrcnli] clintre ce r cloi cel'ce'tirtofi
    zia rinalj crespre {J*'.arcil ai:*,tr-ri conrplex cu ser:olui
    xvrl, cer cle-al d.ilea considera ci'r Sanlul res-
    pectt^\, lirre cle ''citucie la de piLttiiint", datrlta
    cu inc:eputirl secolului XV'
    proate: f i lamuriti situalia cu:m putea si
    se intamplc cotn-
    In ci.rzrLl ar:ceprtiLr-ii icleii c.in urmd. pil.rcr.lc nu
    jn secc;lr-rl XV cr'r tt'aseulunui val eclificat cu circa 150 ani :nai tirziu' la
    cidc'{a tr.'seulLu r-rnr.ri gant.';tupa.t
    ca va.lul 3 ridicat de cr:rnstructorii luri Eremra Movild'
    ince'utLrl secorLrrr.ri l{vlt. or. t:ste grerL d,: acrmis 'r. maiinalnte'
    ('Kact pe mltrginea urrui q;an1 astupat cLl peste o:;trtd de ani
    .,clin gre:i,:ali" r;d f i {tlst l.t'ils;.tt

    G;;;";;;;;,J.,,,),,,,,,u()n1.|rc|1l!tnlb,||'Ul()3|:'lt1[tI)t!btitucocntc'l,titt'tii1laat1|tl:a3lll||c.1|o?.\'t1l6utntcllll-

    Ili(' i:L'lllb ite K():\)(l


    c1er.i:st5i.Jeest:ltr';:lLlu]nr..3ntLptlt1isincrtlnc,,1.irndcliinutn.olr'rturii;anpluicleest9i-'l^o^.]i'",
    ntr,rInjntt:crr:;lttlc:fii|5inVentaI.i).t'ciil'alul
    lrrallainmilnt.ltlittr.ri.dlrp5Ctlfr(:I.ilinca;zttlcirndnocrop,tllaat:opereaunrp|r.ttura;;anpluidup5astupat.eit]uit|epf[il.
    lrtunci cirnci rse i:oustruia:lillt,itl, d^t'mai tiirzlu,
    cind el eri clemult p6rlsit )'
    der:t. nu
    !;,0 - ___- __ tr-cL i;Jn /r[glogi, ,i. Scri p-toJJil
    -
    Amplasarea sianlulLlr Ia poak:L: de est ale vah:lui nr. 3, s-ia proclLrs, fari irrdoiala odatd cu ndicarea
    lcestui \ial (Ci,lnpFror] l'9):i6. 1-2)'. lin aceia$i perioadi de la ?nceputul rsecoluiuri }iVU. La o zrsemenea con-
    :luzie a ajuns gi Gh.D. Snlrnor''in urma cercet6ril()r alheologice din anul l9-55. DLrph studierea a $apte
    poltrunr ale acestLti sant. (ih.D. Snrirnov ficea consta.tdri, care A\/eall sii irund la indoiald ipoteza apafienen-
    1ei ganlulu.i de esl.la pres,rLrLrsa.,citadeli de prinrlnt", ,.ht retiltcttul sa:,otiturilor s-u constcttut unttcitourele:
    !t:tt;/ul' L'utlinlt,at rlle lrr nrul,
    lttt1rlr'|fil||l'\'(i|irerl1pe'.uic'i,prtlL,ct
    :-,i|rd.ale,;.,|utttlt.1rc'|.:0rttll'pahiei,
    ,tt,|,i1inteu'17un|ttttti*:).040tln,ld|ittrusctn|ult,t'ilusupra/ctitt-1'5-5'0rtt.Au.ttls|dt'pista
    :tttilirt|e't',t,rtutlit.'ti,:lt,clt|'urecetlusiesirosit:,pietre
    :lt'totts{rLu.:tie,iitr.Lttt|.'('^:,d|bStt,|cs'<.,,:4lefttitltttt'lttctliirleripL|
    |lt0.\'('(i,pn't|rtI'.i|dilttiltt,t;ttllu'iAle:tcutclntcelI}ult.$:tlt1t,
    ,,tinttAti, r( prc?rttAnd nu, i
    t)toi (lepot'te r()l'p,!'nttit(' .sii eltrcirltirn ntc.finitit'tt'aseul lrri " (ClnirpHoe l9-55, 38-39)'
    $anfu.l de csl n-i,t cler\/rar de la trlseui l'alulLri, dupd cum ar fi tr-rst normalin cazul aparlenenlei acestuia
    llr preriupusu "cltitde lii dc iranrant". in r',.Lportulde sirpatLrn pentrLr anLll 19-55 cincl au fost realizate cel'cetirl
    ,le arrploare: in sr-:opul clrrcidalii trarseului ganfulLu cle est gi in special a presupusei cottluri spre qaniul de
    vest. Lihi.l) Srriirncr,. rrc"iioneaz:i dLrpii a ll-irincercare de.,ciiLttalc" pttn sapituri a,,cotittttit $antLllui":
    ,.[r t re:.ttlt to t tl i u rt't:t it ril

    tee ce inse antnll cl-t ucest $al]!nLl lre'r nici o lcgdlur[ cu presuptlsul traseu cle est al citadelei de pamiint.
    LL

    .:ale lttgic tt'ebuia sli l'aciL i.ln cot in rlilccfia de r'est, spre capatul de su<[ r.rl qanfului de vest. Ace astd c(fnsta-
    re, c,emonstt'a ire <ic aitli 1:iute ca i;rnlul de cst leprejzcntii o construclie netenntnata.
    ip llta oljine dc tcle r. remuriJrim. ci suprafalr $antului de erst nu erll suprrlpttsi de necropola creS-
    ltlii clin a dolrr.ir-rrtritate a seccliului XV dupd curn sus{inea P P. []ilnea. ldcelr cu descopeflt'eii unor
    nrorn-rinte cre itine in Lrrrltlutura lirn!i,rlr-ri clin pr-eajtnlL valului nt'. 3 reprezlnti o el'oal'e a cercetat()l'Lllui
    :lat rli nu ule nirric: contLn cu reulitatea alhe:ologi,;ri stabrlita de Gh.D. Sminlov. ln rapoartele de sdpd-
    turi ale lui Gl"L D. Sinrirrrov. ia care sc leferi P.P. Birnelt nu e>listanici itn caz cltid vre-un mormitlt al
    nec;o1.lc,lci ar sul)txpllnJ slu ar irLtt'c,tiia urnplutr-n"a;an!Lrlur ,Ce es1.. Dtn conlr'a, in trnlplll sapdturilor
    Jin anLrl l95ii este' serrrrralat un criiz r:iincl ;rantul cle est l intretaiat un n'iortnint cre$tin 9i nLr ittrels,
    l'lDt ce de rrorrrltrr:lz;i cii,lompier(Lrl rjat este, mai ::irziu declt necro'pollt (Clrupuoa l9-5-5.30)". In ace-

    lesL'{ )p'ci- jt
    .tceLmot-rtenttccl,etli.:i.]ar..cliinitce1iC,t|lrlcitlc1el,:i
    lernn f6t.tifi,:1!ie de pirn1irrt. .rltigr"rtiir $tnturilor. r cetd!uie igi contttrul'ile ei t'i'mineau necLlnoscute).

    iicpe :rt

    ,|tt)tli)t,|btltc''t,t]ft.\tott€l1l(l,tttdpl,:tl'tt
    St tttlt', ttt:
    L'Ll('l1te]|b|;tlpo0t,t.,,.Iq.'tt,ttcituttte
    ]Te>ittlloriginaIesteurtndttltd:.,[Iptt
    utt (J KqK)'to cn()POtt\', t'.1 tll(lK)tc? u ue npoDo-t-tt(uctllLt! t)Q"tt'tttc"
    KortttuL?,nra',, tte nL)61:)putltt6au:i
    rinacestcontextGh.D'Smir:nll,men!itlneirzA:,,Crele'mCtL,tbHO
    __ 151
    \'-,:,141ryr] l- ll. 1l

    cileVa ocse umane clisper-


    ligi tinip, t'n untl)ltltlll'il $antulLLl rje est, intr-un alt caz, al fost descoperite
    srrtLr. ,-are ptcl\,cne,rtu de la motmrnte clistruse-(L-rvrr'lpuoe
    195-5,35,39), fapl' ce indicS la o datare pos-
    in sectorul qan{ului de
    r.:r.io,ri a $antuLul cornp1ratr\,,cu rrecfrJpcla. in finitul irivestigaliilor efer;tuate
    rst,Gh.D.Sttrtrnttrlilrungealac,'lnclu;lilrdespr''cliitateamartirrzicrace:;tuicomplexinritpottcLllle-
    ,. 1'o1)(.,lrt (,:,lrtt'tprlon, tt)55. 39)'.
    jin c.nti:xtu,l ccl*rr prezerrrirre, se IXlirte constata,,:i Legitura ciintle grln'lul cle est qi $arlul de v'est'
    drn piirnanr"' ce I pulin
    in vcderea atr.rDui.lr l9r la unu gi ace ltqr srsteni frrtificat - presltplisa,,citadeld
    in srlclir-rl actltal al cr:t'cetlirilor, nu poate fi acceptat6'
    lr^ptr-il, i:ri :rap,.luLrile arheologice,Jrrr nnr-rl 1996 efectuate
    in piirtea de est a citadelei de piatr[' in-
    mai mult itceste
    r:lur;i,,i' prc'lnia rirlull,i nr.. ll, ri-au r1u; la rclcntrficaler qan{r-rlui cle esl., spore$te 9l protnoVatiintl'-
    cle Gl-r.D' Smrt'nov 9i
    lnctrieli. riclrcirrclin general prrotrlema vrabilitafii idcri o:primate
    pe locrricitaclelei ce piatriL cie la orheiul \/echi a utre i
    rrn icl siirr aitrrl rje irlli cer.cetiiti:ri, privincler.isterrta
    "crtildele cli:, pt-it'niint 9i lcntn"
    lLez,rlrar-er clltrrrrtiva a pr.obleme:r ,citadeleL cle
    parant" !ine de viitc'arele sirpdtufi arheologice'
    cu aclel'iL|at un comple'x' arheolcgic similar
    in,:;rzul da,:i lli cst cle ciiar:lc]u cle pnLtri va fi clescoierit ''citadeie de
    se vtt prttea r"orbi clespr': 'lestigiile unei
    ianlrrlui cle 'er;l,. lrs'pril ci'ul fapt
    nc
    -indoim., efect clezaprotlarea definitivd a 'deit privind
    prlrnri't,, L,tn e,,,e.ntri,j .,-rult.,,t negati\ ?ttsli, r'a a'ea cfi'ePt
    3xlstentir pr.esuprr:rci ,,citaclele cle-pin-rlrt". in
    irc:st c:lz Vii apdt'er necL'sitltteil exprlicdrrr sr:nsului con-
    sareprezinte tin complex nefiniszLt din timpul
    stftr.!rci l;o]rtare - a;;antului it:'vest. crill3Ilu este e.{clLIS
    clot'rnatir:i Floartlcr cie.Aut 5t iistupal. tot irtllnc:i,
    pe la mijioctrl secoluiui xI\" in legdturd cu
    sci.rilnlrai.eilstrl,ttctlirtrorgierlrficltrelLcrtacleleicl'rnpiat.t.it.

    BteLtocRnrte

    Arlri.raN1',\l95'.l:lip)tL-0.Il0|r]H0cK.1ct|cc.1e,lo[.i1tlt1'leCrapoiut01lree.Athir,a
    grc. ii,irl,irlr-r'rilc r:lir anul l9ii:l
    -'i
    ttin:ir t9;5: l.F{irne u, tltrherLri Vec iChiSirriru l!t95)'
    Pilstic:it])0Cii:C,h.I)r.r:tici.()bst:Ir'atiiSt|a]'igla1'1c]epr.ivlnc|cetareJnlec1ievirlidepi'miintc1eilorheiul
    uLIlvl - 20cr0 (clhilinau 2t100)'
    inr,.esrr5atrilor.arhe,logice cljr anii ]ggt':-19991. in, Syrnposir Pt'ofessorurrt
    Po;trc;r.]l]0t,b:|ilr.I,r.rs1icil'I,rtrbli;tllt gtiinlifice. t7 iurrie 20{)0 (chigindu 2000)' 5-6'
    In: ilestitutio iL ]rt{tgt'LLni. N'iLrreri.rlele:onferin ei
    11.|.i41rl6grc::. rrri.jlocul secolului al XVI-lea)
    din Nl.lclo.,,a (rriijlocul ,e.ol,ilui al XIV-lea -
    $lai:,.rc 2l)l)4: rt. 5lap.,c. ceinli rr:dieiale

    ,,,,],.i]'tli.i,'1!l.l.l,.i,,,,,,,.NIo.n,I1[iBcKuilcF}er1HeBeKo[tuti;iroprolnf\uecrpoucr:o.[Ip.yrr:xoHlN1e)K,4}'peqbe(X\'-Hatlao
    XVI s. ) ( l{rruruHce l9E:l)'
    6sr;lHrl:)9]:Il.il'1bii,r1luli,i,1:lttct.-:,pttI,tllcc,e.l08aIi[I
    3aH:lt l; L. tap'rltl ilpree (li'ltl.r trlres l9!)l t' -5-4-l'
    floc:rttx;]0O5:t'},l.I.lticrlIr.;:.L|ltrale:-lil!:io-lrorooplr'rHcKorlJf()po.falIJerpl.r,rs.!'a(e[l,1jl(Craprrii
    coo.uleHuR o
    .,, ,,lll;',;;?!,1, r * orrr p'oo. \pseoro.', e.-,1.lli..l.1T,:ill':::T";^?i;:i,i}:j;?rli,lX]xre
    (N4ocrea 1954)' 24-39'
    \lareplt&rlbuoi-r 11 'nurypsl J'olr 56
    .loirJt. il il(lrrleBbl\ llccrleA [/'rt-ra;icTcllltlll
    Clt'lttpHo.;l)54ei:l..;J.C:,,',,lu,.,,..orqe.r-o6tpxeolctt.IlqecKI,tXn..n.,oo,un,,lxM<
    al 'A$NI' I'ir' di: ilir" l
    CrlLPoio Oprrern:lii l95i r' '\r'hiva MA' - ?Kcnerlrrlttt)J o l!)-5-5 ror;l'
    prti5ore oTpr{nll HtO'rAascxoii apxeo'rlorl'ttlecKo14
    crilrpHoB l9-i5: l.,Ll. cr.rtlpHCre, ot'te'r o
    r\roJ'I'aBcx:ono cperHeBe*oBlt 3a 1e-56 rorv
    a,,,,,i'J'l';lil;t;ill,)irjll. 1,"., o6 ,preo.,ror.r{(rec:Kfrx r{ccneroBaHrrx
    crapr'rri opxeir
    ap)ie,)'ofo-rrHorpa(rrruecxirn ?Kcneruurrr'
    ar, ,,i::]''i,lj,i:t;ilj): li;,1;;,.? _11'yro{rrecrpoB3Kire
    MCC', ie60, nr 4 (70)
    rn:14:sec',', Mrr,r (Dru,iir-qa AFr
    ., ,;]fi;liill;,T;;ill*,f,,'jl\l,fl..,lJ,l;,,1?;,0".o otrxer
    (itt''orgltc Postit u'

    ',;tt..A|ec'ttRttsstl22'ap.t()6,'|'|D-i|'014C!tisittciLt,Rc,'lubliclt,\IoIrklt,a'

    il,,,-.,...,.;i;;'l;";.*u'..'.,,np().,t(D|{'etrt|'?pB|1leppl1|,,"p'::,^::::

    r:itl.tlcLtpratpiniila't:tlnstr.uc{ialulr1ettect.oprllacie9tina'dt:sprecette'yobesc
    Reuisln Arhcolggjg- Seie nouct
    ---
    T I= XIT YI XO-T h N ON OFh t{ EC; KAfl XAPA KT E P Kl CT }1 KA
    BE PX H ENAN E:OTI HTh 9 IEC K.OII''O KOM Nfl E KC/\ PAU KOB 8

    (),:rpreil l(oaaneHrc, H14k:c,flara Kerpapy, l(uluNHey

    Sttiyirrrtt:tt tlitt ttaleolit rc

    Be!n'tlctlt't-lt,o..!1||11liL|t:.,KQJt,L]11o'irKo

    ir Jo.tittttottxu L

    ,4. r ; I t pp <: r-P a l tt t' r:t'ti t l t i t'

    ,rr'lrlr,: tito,trtrttrtll.r. tt.,t1l;t' tt'pt 'f Artcrotl<a l, ilItrru!ct"ktt' antlZolotovku l'

    ,CroqlrKa F,arlx:oB [i orxpuna H.A. Kerpapy s 1958 r'. rlpH o6c:rerosaHHl{ ileBo6epeiKHoil
    reppa-

    cr,r p. E).ropHrr (ilpr{rori: l:la,rs-A.itr,IFI1i3. ileia.nexc


    r)r AHecrpa). Bcero B 400 lvl BocroKy or ceBepHofi
    oKpar{Hr,i,:. paurxge Kil:rescxolo pa.r:iclaa. fieper'te HaxoAKlI
    6lutlli co6paHbl Ha He6onbllroM pacna-
    Hg qacrnLiH(r HapytllcH}Ioii xpouru il-lei]crorleflo-
    )illHrroN,r ylrac.rKe, rjocJr(j rtocarlxr N{o:loAofo.reca.
    I'I3reiltlil, o6;io;rtxI4 tpr'6'ta-
    *l,i)i c\.f-rrIilrK()ll i;iil toE,crxHocl'b.loliiiilo H,3cKojrbKo rLIctIrI KlleNlr{eBbIX LIac'Ib
    I\'{i1-\lOHl]a' IIO:ri'Uras STllX FIaXOIOK
    t.r,r)l KOCT0ii CcBep.rrclro t-teHq LI .riOIllaXl'I. CcT€lTK4:1'6Oe
    B I97L N'lCrJLIIaBt]KOii na-[eoIIHTI',lqecKoii f]Kcne'quqllH (Ha'IaIbHuK
    (ir,r-,r,,r cof,prrHl.l )'Lrac'fIllIl{ltltrt
    IIeH14FlfpaAcKol''o oT'{eiIeH}I'fl Llscru-
    .)KC'e,qrju.r,{tr --I-1.A. Ke'r .,apy, Hi:lrta-rlbHllIi OTpsIa - corpyllHl{H:
    1972'
    -],ra apxeo.rrojrr{rr,,u-l c'( Cip f. I}. I-pnropr,eea) rii(erpapy 1972,1r1-12; fprtroprena, Kerpapy
    ,trrl9rl I-puropbeBl, lielp:p1 197!i ,2:;-26).1) lc'tJ2 r. rlpfi yllacrirfi
    rpex x{oxtoilblx apxeo'loroe 14'A'
    crosHl(u 6u;ru AoIloJrHl{Te-[bHo 3aro)Iie-
    Jiop:uxxa, I-I.ll. lt'e.rrr,r*,, iun H.ll. Orrc'HKollcKor'o HaMecre
    H3'yLlanacb reo;roron H'K'
    usr'/ r-ryflor|:x urYp$On (Kerpap'.y 1973,4-7). CTllarrarpa{rul ra]\isrHl{Ka BHI'{N{aHue Ha
    P,3rrlapreH 198(r' l2-:i-125), o6parrrelueil
    Ller,rHoeor:i tKe,rpapl, I'p,rropie,r,i, lluu*rouu,
    .lecl6xorlt.tl'locl'b llltlte.rlrJi:tll9 AB)'K K!'rlbr.vpllblx c'ilr)eB'
    j],lBepxHoc'ru IlaMtrHI4Ka H us uryp$on Haltl'rla cBoe
    Lior.a,ras xojr.ncKrlt{i;r Kpe\{HeBEJX H:Aelrrir c
    ,JTp^)t{eHI'te B ny[.:111112,Utt" t-.8, ['pnrOpr'eeofl, ]K COx(a'rleHlIIO'
    Orlt'tCagtlleit N{aTepl{a]l cy\'IN{apHo' B
    'l-prrropbeBa pl+, t+:z-l'19). llo:lHee cs'leo6pa3'e uHBe'rapt Pauxosa 8'
    r.r3.r'rrrrHe cl{(aroN{ ruge
    ercr Opr4H.b.stcCptAntti{ Oi5llH]t, IICr,l.ilyl{iI'II O.I\HIINI
    t.Il OCIlOBaHtlil np.n BbIAeIel{Ult OSOcO6nessoii rex-
    paCCMaTpt'IBaTL KaK
    HHTKO-TrIIrO,rOtuqecxOii: l-pynIIbl 11?rV,1THI'1KOB, KlTopyrc 6nt-rrO ltpe4jloll(eHO
    Klrjrbr.),lt), co Bcer,,l' eii oco6.IIHOcrfl\lII (fpilroprena 1980' 72-75'8[)' Bi't'qe:reHlte
    '[.{c},il]n}tu (Eop:rlrrx l9E3' 591 Pc'ra'Iee' r\ril4Kosa-I 1984' 2IE-219)
    parrrKoBcr(ori ap.xeolo|u,recxoii x:yjlbr,vpbl
    II aMITHI{KOII - ParuXOsa 7 u 8' HO'
    eC"nu OrJII{LIH-
    ilO.{pi}3.i}{eBa.rlO feHe'lll IeCKVK) fi:ril:OCrl AByIK
    qepTbI r4t:{BeFt:'f .tps Par]]xoea 7, Crael!ero IpOTOTIIIIO]u lut ecei;i xyJlsrypt't'
    6lt;lu B U'eJ]ol{
    Te-.ll>Hbre
    pacKpbrrr,r (K.erprapl', I'rrropre,na, Koea,reFlxo.2ll00;
    chetraru, clovalenco 1999)' ro B xapaKrepl{-
    IIo:roii 6e: AerallHofo aHa'i'I43a eI'O I',IH-
    crrrKe Paurcosa lE ocraniL{oc*, N'lllofo HetcF{of'' 'putluHe
    ocHOBHbIX IlaMqTHI4KrlB pauKoBcx0il x1'lrrl'-
    Aycrprr', npoBo,*r{Tb lroJrHollellHOe cpaBHeHlle !Byx
    I))
    t
    -o| U,l t, ll l.-t\t,. -1

    .]Ili:!Lit.tr. onfle,t,exlrb,Teirc: rBt{'fc.lt,ubrri cl6.rux Bcrlil K)'ilbrypbI, H(l IrpeAcraBntixocb i(oppel(T-


    [ri:t, r:i
    Irrbr|.l Ll cBrr'lir c 3t-r{l!t ir{bt Br.roBb o6parurlHCb K KilJt-lteKuI'til Kal\{eHHLIX
    apreoaKToB CO CTOTIIIKI4 l)alll-
    A'H lVlg:rloebt'
    r:OB ll, I-tbtHe Xpi:lHtIL(e!-1CI B 1|](iH,[aX Mi.v-'lex apxecr'[(]flti'I I{ STrlorpa$HH
    i] ualr:rosulei: EipeN4rr Hii rrlrBeHTapHLr\r xpaHcrrur{ I{Meerct 678'1 r<alurel{Hblx I'I3.{eJIlIiI''faxoe
    TaK KaK B rlpeABaplI-
    rio"rllrqec'fBo Hllxr:)IIoK. HLr ItepllbIfi B3r',ntlil. r{o:[ieT ]']LI38aTb IleAoyN{eHl{e'
    .ejrrrrloii ,'\,6.]t.rKaup1[r ]-.B I-prrropseBr)]Yr perrb rrAe'r'o (npu6jltI3trreJTL]{o 9 rllc. xpeltHeii>'' I4c-
    Ii,rlt.(l)'tafl not:ituo:r{IlrJ(tt-L, \/T'PiL'-t,t tlacrl4 Krl.rlreKilHpI. N4bI lKiloHulr
    oO:sjtcHflTb raKoe HecoorBerc"lBHe
    ]Iel 3Tafle repBHttHoI'"I o6pa-
    lteroLlHbt:\{It, nprt,6lu:tljre.!bHl,IMu il()!.rlliera\,tll Ko.flllr]ecrBa HaxoAoK
    (io.rrr:r.r \rlt'erpuiillia.. ll O'r.lelt *t 1971 r'. Crrirteqello <(OF:oilo 5000 rtpelrl'Ieii>>, aza 1972I" - <OI(O'1O
    ,10[)0> (1.(e ipa1t,v, I''puroptet a. l9'72: I973). !:raltHsIx crar]Ic:fl{qerlKt4x noitcrleroB rlo \4acco-
    ltor\r.r \r3;eDrrair\',,porrrua.,t,-aric) He 6sr.rc,. C:tp1'roii c'ropoHbl' ililxte'5er'rstii
    clcltorp [(o'rl"leliLlllll
    t.rg,:.g;rng C Rt'OpI:t tliloli tl6pa(itlrnoti 1'6cxtgae1 l{ac It ed Coxpaull()CTIj:
    il0 OCHOBHbIIv{ rp\rIIfla\'1
    IrpeilcraBllTb HecKo'ilbKO IZ3-
    rlp).ttHI'l .,Il1t1,rrte.te_lo, .ITO Flltu ri4ItojtorfiLrecr{:Hii aHiulII3 IIO3r}O.iilIJI
    r{erir;.FrHr,t11 lta{lr(jlltit, ItO OT;l(:ilt,llr,i\I }iAlclOpll.sI'l Op)':1
    tlit, LITO BIIO-IHe r1OilYCTI{:rtO t't ttOpOli Bc'fpe-
    ra€ lct B ll 0c-IC,.lrirBitre-'lbc x o it rtpaxrt tx :'
    q'fo cLIlITaeill
    {)5p:LLLlarcr, J:. \.opirKTeprrc'fr,lKe ca:\'{ofo lvlareplli]-la' iVIbI O6t::}aI{bI ofoBOpllrbcq'
    oni'lcalllle Haxo-loK c noBepxHocrl'l H
    .Ipafio\,,ep'br\{ rri.l ilaHHO\I :t't'irllli HCC-rre.t(oBtlHLli, nper.ncttlBlrqrl,
    pacrpeire"'lllrb HX B 3aBlrcI{N{oc'fi4 or
    r|t rrrYp(;,on c()r3t\4c,c'fl;o. orScp oltyArrr:r H'l r.uy'pQon lI rollbirKa
    C)KzI3a'llocL' LITo Jlli[l]' C io-
    r.,ir6itilr,l O15littp)'irel:ltrl nH llI'l bIKa, Fl( ;'.i&-rIIl oittliAaer\ ofo lle3)'JrbTaTa'
    KpaiiHe Ila}KHa'I '4ni{ OIlpe'qefleHl{s efo
    LteF))iltgCrn ilZlt\,{r-r't:t t{Ka flp,Ol lcXO.IHT K()JIIIeKUI'IJ{ HaXOiiOK'
    ti}'-.IlrT\pjtOi.oofl.n:tttiit,I(aK}III'i,qB-rI'{t()T(),qcKpl]6KU-]ay}.jIe)/cb],IljlztcTl4ljtblcl(p,vI-oBoiio]]HHb'II(cKoI"l
    pe't'\/ LIlblr.l Ll IU I{Xp() l{ HBe HTal)b r'l)aBeT"ro l',Il HO lO
    T nrta'
    OT HCIIOI-tb:iOBttllHOfO CbIpbt nOI(a3aJI'
    PaCr;ra,IXa, F.,OiljleKII,IIOIIFt)I'O N{a'rel)IlaJIa B 3aBilCI.IN{OCTI{
    }xeJIBaqHi',Iit xpeltenl
    .ITO OC'OBtItt\.1 Blt.:to\1 Kalllll{ pacKa.IblBile\lolo }ta cTltHKe I\'{OiI(*O C'UTaTb
    Be:,vc;ronn'J, OH OonaAan xopotlleli nnacTI',ILI-
    cep(.rro il,BeTil, C ilcllr{cToii KCp}(oii l',I o(rH"II4eN't Kal}ellH'
    HO,.j t.bto tt iill:r.,tct-l(() il,ocr\rilcFt,
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    't,t ra.n -?, 129
    Br:
    !30 , Reuislo Arheologicil. Serie nouri

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    rlanoxriirxoe 1990 14.B Cano;r ur'rxos. ilrnynua - HoBbrii l()3rHeniureoJ'rlrnqecKuri raNr.qrHHK s 6accer'rHe p. Pe1''r. B
    c6.: Aprt,'o-,ro l.rrrecKlrcl nc(.re.qoBaHr1r \,ro.rronbix ),/!reHbrx lvlo,qtaBttfi (KrtLuuur:a 1990), 7l-78.
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    rarbHo-rpaco.rolrrqecrcoir :rKcnernurn JIOHA y',Il CCCP s 1987 (Krrurrrires-Olecca 1987). Aprns I,{A AH PM
    l,irrs. Ile -170.
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    lf:opa CunolK'HuKoG.
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    1e?

    \'" rrrnrt' l.- A' -i-


    s;l EXoT|cE DE Ll\ STAT|UNEA
    lt|ot p,test DE AR.[A MoBILA' PoDC)ABA E N tsrRuu M lJ Loc||.'|
    FIILURtSTRI\T|GRA,Fi|cA GRAVET|ANA
    Coslrult DE P

    llie Borziar:, Chi; indu

    I''Ltstu|itLttett1ctt|t,tl|iti,::igrote.,iattti

    BP'
    r:rt'a lttl'(I e-',ttcfd tlt' 1" 2('l() cirtt

    ) d'.t tiit tl,' t' tt t: J) t t t)0 I t' I r': t' r; 0 i ) !t3 0 Lr tt t'''
    ( I

    'g|.(|\'1':|a'L.t1IL||I!|f'|teltt,|lLtttltcratt,.ttt|St,S.)ttle
    t ittt':. A ( (tt( ltl)l'tite "'l"t"i'" "J

    lrutnoouct,Re
    ('osatr!i' pand
    cu mai murt,r niveruri cle locuire gra'etirnd
    Lii stl{ruinea crrn pale.rrticul tar.div. r:le artii prleo'trci nr.bilii'
    de podoaba 9i exottcc' care
    ..,I.:pist^t: p.r:: 5O p;.r;
    in 1:,r.ez:,nt. au lrlst sisti:rr,atice. l)e prru.rut
    pLrbrlicarir matet'ialel'rr arlteologl-
    ltrorr,iri atit a';tfel de piese
    y-onuii'o in :xclr-rsivitate a unor
    ot.,,..t,-r1 ,r,-,c.,,r
    de..,^ aL, 1,.'r,,
    in spe':ir.l, publicarelL
    tgq-o' l9-40:' IJorztac' otte
    cc, cit rli spec:ial,:, ce l,iza,-r, 1996' 49-51;
    6'l-85;
    (B:rprrr* l!)!x): il..,'r,rir. lggl, 56-:ri;' 1993,
    Ot':e' l'lojrct l;;8' 5-28; etr:')'
    in aceste lr:c.iri au fost
    39-:-406; Eiorziac' degi mai res-
    B,o'zta:, Chirir:. 1996' tn anii ur*ato.i, lucr'6rire l^ staliune'
    in p; Irlt,"t:l:l-:1r-r:ttirilor atr {'ost deptsta-
    ab'rdare pie,seli,;: clepistare lriini. ^r"i-iqgs au conrirua;
    clecrt iir *nii pl.ecerienti mel'itd sd
    trirnse crr
    p,r.irouu,'.,:rt qr rr.r piese exotic'3' crlre, in opinia noilstra
    t,l *oi Jrit,:sc rle lrti *robilii ii
    ^n-,pr,.)irrrc. de gtiintific al a'']estor mostre
    ,in ansarLb,i.r. Irubliclr-ca gi inirodu,r..* in cir,:uitr:i lol'
    fic ex;Lnrina[e luct'6ti' insistlnJu-se in itcel*9i timp 5i asupra incacirlrii
    cr.trstiluc .bicr':rii't'ti p1'ln'lil'al 't "'tt'-i com-
    gi cere lirnitrofe' ca material
    prrlc.liticulr:, ciin zona oarp'to-nr.tr""n:i
    in etapele cle e.,,'lr"r!ie a
    ttti t""t'i,a pale'olitici depistate anterior' dat'
    p1:*tl' it u*'rt pie se
    'le
    pi.*.ati'v \,o* rerir.Jltc,o pe
    itc(:ste
    1,,,;'. ,..' l";,fli*:,ru;:1il,:li ra circa 500 m spre norc.vest
    de saturl
    :lXiH1-:LtJi:.i1.^:ituarr rqgs, puc. l,l)' pe parcr'trsul cercetarr-
    nra]ur.,1r.rr,.iy1trului,(Eoprr"n
    [r.s[uLqi, rar.nur Sor.ca, t,( au'fost,clepistaie gi par-tral.studiate
    (rgEl-tq,6q, zoo:]; p,, t,,cutlrt4J.t"ii aII-ira
    lo' sisrematicr::
    'rr:ltianuiii,,
    rr,:stur.ire'2r rc,;r.iir.epareoliticd,incorpo'atei,r'J"f,-t,r"riletrrrciigiaciirrealeterasei
    'ireruricle
    intre circa 2[r ;i l2 mir ani
    ]\iistrirlui,cciLlirtrsaicio'i;'osirnet'"ft""it*"io'tt"nit'"luriledelo'lt-tit'esuntsepa:r'ateunuldeirl-
    rr"nir,r g; ?'timp';;;; spa,iLrl
    rr"rr c1c nir,clr'r cre clepr.rncr,
    "rr..,.oro1ii.
    184 _ &.r,sta .4rteqloCA a,;grt n9l!4

    a.Chr. Pentru datare:t ni"elelor cle locuire au fost oblrnute peste 50 clate racliontetrice, iar stratigrafia
    in.ipecabild a nlvelelor dt:
    'ocuire a celor litologice de pe iocul statiunii au servit esential ca model
    q;i
    de e'litbr:rrat'e i'i uneri noi nter?retau'i ai geocronolol;iei paleoliticLrlr-ri superior dintle Carpatii Orientalr
    ;i lrlistru (Har:saer"ts. Ilc rz,iak. Clhirrca. Damblon, Kulakovskzr, r,an der Plicht 2003). Aceastd noua
    citrt'e 5i intcrltt-etaru r l:e r)c:ronclr:qiei. la etrlpa actralS de studii perrrite incadrareii in ea a majc,ritzrtrr
    statiunilor str;,ttificatr: dirr paleoJitricul superior clin zona, fac:ilizind astf-el cercetdlile cronologice gi
    .'ultLrrlrle (iig. 6 )
    In t996 a I'ost stucliirt nivelul li <Je locuire, pe o supraftd de 13,,1 rn', in 1991 gi 1998 a tbst stucliat
    nivelul 6;rpe,:l suprafl!l de l2rn:, Tot o datd, p,rrntr-un sonclqt ad0nc, menit pentru studiul stratigrafi-
    ei 9i coler;tltrca de trrotitr'J pentru datare gr analizl structuralli a se,Cimentelor gi palinologici, au fost
    str:di:-rte pe o i;uprafafli dr: 8m'nivr:lrlrile de: locuire 6b, c. d,7-l0l Pe parcurstrl efectudrii acestor lu-
    :rit'r lt-t lbst tlepistlttrl rnumel'oase rJate arheoloEticr:. rnclusiv;i unele piese, care reprezintd obiectir.Lrl
    lce-.ttti strrdiu \,1ai rt:adlrcem pr: arleste pagirri urnele piese, cure au fotst deprstate anterior, dar care dirr
    lunurrite consirlerentel nL-irLt fost abolclate in publicirtiile citate .

    R epr:Rrclnt rJL PtESELoR

    In ttiiielu .lb dc locrrire, in incinta conrplex.ulrri de l,rcuire N4 r(Eiop:usx, KoBaneuxo 1992) a tost
    ,Jepistat Lin m:rtatafs,J: Iiquus caballus I- l'ragmentat intenlionat. In z,cna mai plata. in apropierea epi-
    fizei osul este perforirt d r amlrele piirti qi ca re;zLrl.at are un orificiu cu diametrr-rl de 1,9-2.2 crn. Mar-
    ,sinile pelforariiei ;i s,rrprlLt'lfa inl.ericrari a ei si-lnt glefuite minufior;, atAt in urma perforani, clt qi in
    ,lrmJ unei utrlizliri irrten;e (1'g. 1,5). O piesri sirnrlru'd a fost depistati de M.BrLrdiu, la stafiunea Cotul
    Micuiintt (Brrrcliu lr981t) An-rbele pir:se au r destinalie neclarii. PuteaLu fi utrhzate ca,,?ndreptitoale",
    r,iidoma celor confectlionlrte drn com de ren qi denurnite ,,baton d3 comendant" gi interpretate qi ca
    ..indrepliitt'ritr(:". crit qi c;r semn de prestigru a;l purtdtorului (posesorului), dar qi ca mediatoare la
    i-inrle saniilol ori capcr"elor'. la care se utilizau ftniile.
    Tot iri acrst nivcl d: locuirc;,ru fost depistate 4 friignrenle de tubuli pentlu pdstrarea acelot'diti
    DS.'-[r)ate repr,lrzinl,ri 1'ragrnente de oase tubr-ilare (nretapocHi) cle iepure. O metapodie este reprezentatii
    r-lc r,n fragnrenl cuL lunetirne a dr: J,J crn. In zona rnai sub{iata a epifizer este perforlt un orificrlu, cu
    ,Jrlrrrc.trun cle 0,-l crn. l'c,t astfel de olificir mui au ;i alter dor,rii fragmente epifizice ale altor
    :rnetapodii.Dorra lr'agmr:rite de portace sunt reprezr;ntate de fragmente centrale de metapodir de iepu-
    r-e, cu stiprafelele glelirirr:;i inteliorurl gol.IJnul clin aceste flrgmerLte convine unui fragment cu orifi-
    r:iu. altul. al'e gravat urr:.-'rnlt de tipLrl litelei N, plrtsat transvcrsal la un capit al osulur. Orificiile ser-
    'vear.l pentfu atiirnareii gi ,.rurtarea pot'tacelor pe f ir (ftg. 1,2-3,-5.10).
    in ni',,elui 5 cler loc;urre a fost dcpistat un por.ac intreg. confecliottat dintr'-un os tubular <]e rett
    L.utrginrca 1;ie sei este d,e 17,8 crn. diar-retrul exterior 1,6-1,8 cm. Suprafelele exterioara
    ''{'ernLr?).
    qi iriterioar-ir a osului srr-t glefLritf:. [lnps1s1. sr]nt retezilte 5r locu.l tiiieturilor de asemenea este mi-
    lutios;;lefLrit. I-a u:n crrpat (numrt de cdtre ncli pt'oximal), in perretele osului este o pelforatie,
    sfi'c,Jehtii din pnltca c).1()noarat. Diametrul ei este de Ct.5 ctn. Orificiul. ca q;i la portacele descrtse
    mai sLrs, em prede,stinat pentru atiirnare gi purtarr:a piesei pe frr (fig. 3,1-2). Pe suprafala exterioa-
    l'd alriesei sunl arnena.jir :6 grupe d.e incizii tranr;versale, pli-isate ci)te 2 grupe in trei colonile ver-
    Ircale. in prirna grr-rprii (,ezi imaglnea desl'dguratri, de la stiinga lr clreapta) sunt 7 inciz-it ctr lungi-
    meu cie 0,6-0.7 crn, cLr rcepulr-rl la 1.5 crn de la capdtul proximal gi continud p0nd la clistanla de
    ,4.6:m, aviin,.l un inrcrlal intre ele de 0,4 0,6 cnt. La distanfa de 3,1 cm de prima grupl 9i sub ea
    L'ste plasrrti a clor-ra 13:rur1ld de in,:i:zii, care au ace:iiqi lungime qi ritmtcitate metric6, dlr conline 9
    incizii. Prima grr-rp[ rJe rr,cizii iia treia) din a cloua colonil[, similare primelor, ?ncepe nemijlocit
    ,1e la capdtul pro;rirrral si continua pAnI la distanla de 8 crn 5i confine 19 incizii. O privrre mai

    nu-i apar{ineau, inclusiV


    ' in ,,na clirr luclirri, Si. Cor,iri3nco, nu nurrar c5 a publicat infbrma{ii inedite despre sit, care
    se;renta strar.igraf ir:d. dar gi in mod;rrbrtrar, a schirnbirt numerotlirea nivelelor de locui|e de la staliune, deja in-
    5i
    ,-'luse,in r:ircuirrrl Stiintif i,l.'r'ezi: KovalerLko 199ti, 233-.261 . Consider'. ci S. Covalenco astfel a incdlcat dreptul de
    ilutol itl sdp,dlut' 1,,t.
    __ 185

    llterrtli ne corryin,tle, c-ir I I trrit diStantate (0,? cm) de alte 8 <lin aceasta
    izii de stls sLlnt oarecLlnl
    r,rr_rpr,i cle mai -tos i'tr.:aga gr..rprd se telmina e)xact l. ni'elul,
    uncl,: incepre grupa a douiL de incizir
    itin'p,ri*,, c,cii'nitii. ,\ douallrupe cJe int;izii din colonila a cloua ittcepe la nivelul
    termirdlii inctzt-
    a d,)ua dirr prirn,r colonila gi conline 10 incizii. Distanta cie la sfirqitul
    ei ;i plna la
    rlor 5_:r.up.:i
    t apdtul clrstal al picsei este clt' l',8 cttt.

    ffir
    u*i

    i"
    A

    ,q,::
    W\,
    . -,J
    tri{il
    flllil
    il\ ';l
    hr ;q

    .
    I
    -
    i'll!
    ,.:: , r,r,:-

    :)
    l-:r- 5'.,,,1t' ti,':il
    vi 'll
    3 ,1';- 6
    l-;;
    ittr \,,

    ,m? ,$ 5

    m"
    h rtl
    a. r ,ll

    #,#
    'l
    iliifr.
    I'i
    F[{
    l,'l,l

    [ri$.
    W',,

    Fig.l.Cosiruti:1-s.:ltetnaamplasiriistatjurii6psirrti(l.terasiqelulca;21|,||_terase,3-ripi;
    Nltt:i!il 4'36-- staliunea Ccrsduli);
    lor;atilali; S - izoplrzrleie OeifanOSatt; b'inatliti
    4, il"'.us,pta
    6-mela,tarsdecal cuperforalie.
    2_3,5,10_-fragmentr-.deportac:e; 4,7-g-parrdaniive,perle;
    Reuisla Arheologica. Seie rtoua
    1ii6

    Prima grupli chn atlei;,, colonrlS incepe sub c,rif ciul de atel'nare (l,l cm) de la capdtul proximai)
    gi corrtinr.rd pe l)al'cursrrt l6.3 cm. incluzdnd l5 incrzii (intre a.3-a 9;i a 5-a este una mai scurta)' l-Ilti-
    nra incizie din rceastd 1n'trpa transversal coincidr: c; penultima inci:zie drn prima grupd a colonilei a
    <Joua. A rloua plrupi dt: in: iztl din c,clonita a treia ittcepe la 6.8 cm mai ios 9i conline 7 rncizii. Ince-
    pr.rtul er c:olespuncle crr uliirrra incrzie clin gr:pa cle ios (a cloul) al c,olonitei a doua. intre grLrpele de
    sus a,e cr:lrlniiclor;r ci.oul gi a tleiir este -qravata tl scarilii de tl barc trernsvet'sale. De asupra scari{er
    nrai este :lnrena.iatii o inc,ii le trans'versalzi, oarecurn oblicd.
    de pe alte pie-
    -ctemnrflcalizr;,i im1;,:ltanln palecinformaticd al acestot'grupe de incizii, precum 9i
    st: cle arriL palegIiticd rngbiliL, inclusiv gi de la Cosd;{i, este gr continui sd fie pusa in discu(re (Valtic
    21101:, iar aici ne \,(:)nt rcreri tnai pr3 scurt la accas:i piesir. Este clar, cd ea reprezinta, clin punc:t de
    yrldele fLrnr:lro1al un port lc, in urrnprlutura lui (caz untcal pentru ast,[el de piese) a fost depistat un ac
    (t.r-r urechigga :'r'iintri) clin os, cu lung,imett cle 7,J cm (fig. 2,3). Aviinci in vedere volumrtl interior,
    {}{Jrta,JLll rjat errL conler:1.ir-r at ;i prr:clestilat p,:nt1rr
    pistrlrea a rnai mu11.or ace. Omamentul tncizat rm-
    plrcd portiicLrlui un criLac:.r rle piesi de arti paLloc'liticd rnobilir, iar amplasar-ea inciziilor in grupe.
    1r-anjitte in1r-o rnor]alilaLtc ;pecraili - gi cte piesd cr-r r:vidente anlprenl.e paleornformatice. Oricum,
    pie-
    slrde tip prrrtac clescrir;ti nriri sus, atiit CLrpb rrdrime. ornament qi depistare,,itt itct f-lagrant" cu un ac in
    eir esle unir:ald pentru palt:oliticul eLiropean.

    i!
    1r

    I ,ii
    liltll'i
    jiii,'

    \lii

    l',1

    Fi1y. 2. Cos2iu\i: 1,2 - portac c,rnamentat; 3 - ac, depi'stat in portac'


    188 Reuislo Arhcoloqicit. Se rie rtorrrT

    'l'ot astfel poate fi considerat qi un pandantiv din fildeg de niarnut (fig. 3,-5) depistat in douS:
    1'ragment,e, plariate in ni,,'e lul de locuire la o distanlii de 3,4 m unLll de alturl. Lungimea piesei - 9 cm,
    lr.trmr:a nriLximlla ('in parll:lr de jrrs -- l,7cm, in partr:a de sus - 1,3 cm. Secvenla transversalit mai crir-
    cularii.jos 9i miri pl;:rt.i lsLr, este lentiliformd. Pe toalS suprafala sa piesa este glefuitd. La extremitatea
    tb sus se observii urrnelr3 ileteriorate ale unui orific;Ll pentru atiirnarr: pe fir. La 0,6 cm maijos, de pe
    rmbele parfi p,ane, po axt centrald srrnt efectuate ,entatir,,e de repetat"d perforare, dar care nu a f'ost
    te rminati". Mai .jos cle ace rrstd tentativd de perforar',: se observit 4 zone acoperite cu incizii circulare
    tlans',,ersa1,3, grLrpatc h ti,6-7.5 gi 8 incizii. Alrcuri, inciziile sunt $terse, posibil, de utilizarea
    indelugatir a pi,rsei.
    In nrvelul ii de loc:Lriii: iiu fost d,splstate piese dr: arta paleoliticd m,rbild, constituite clin gravLrli pe
    (J;rse. Au fost clepislut,,: .1
    iriese de acest tip. Dorla rlintre ele reprezrntri unelte de munc6, alte doua -
    lragmento rJe claste: dc anirnale cu qravuri incizate.
    F'nma dintre elr: r'eprt:z,intd un slriipungdtol, ccnfeclionat din co;ista de cal. Lungimea piesei -
    I.3,5 i:m. Pr: o 1'a[5 plan5 iL piesei :;e o]rservd dou;i zone cu urme de gravurd (fig. 3,1). Prima grupa de
    ' nl:rs:rti
    I-"'"*'-"
    m:ri
    "'"- 1p111yil1ye de nrijlocul piesei r:stt: constituita dintr'-r-t linie oblica (de la dreapta la
    stin._lrr), s;ub carc sunt plrr;lte paral:l una fa{d de alta gi perpendicular ei 7 incizii scurte. De asupra
    ar.restci lirrii, de, sus i'n.ios srrnt plrsate patru linii ?ncrucrqate, cloud cAte doud. doui semne sub fot'ma
    Irret'eL V, cu derschi;tatura:,pre marginea piesei qi ascu{igul spre linia oblicd. Mai aproape cle viirf este
    pLasald a cloua grupir de s,,:nrne incizate, constituntd din 5 linii scurt(3, oblice, de la stinga la dreapta.
    S :nsrrl i ncrLrstr tii lor rijLrrLine neclar.
    l\ dclr.ra urrealtri d,e, niLri'rcd, sa.u. irrnli, ropre:zirtti un vdrf din os, cu Iungimea de llcrn gi gro-
    sirneir de 0,4 crn, Sectir.ine.r pe toatd lungrrnea este rotundd. suprrlfaqa glefuita. Funclional, poate
    fr att-rbLut strapungirtoar':lor sau '','i,rfuriior cle sdgeatd (fig.3, ). In partea de sus, ntai aproape
    ci,: viir'ful lscr-i!it, pe suJrplfxla piosei se c'bserr,i 4 in<:izii scul't(1, aranjate ?n formi de zig-zag
    lr.rngitLrdrnal pJ;lsat pc p,ir:si. Alte drtr"rd pie:se reprezintd fragrnente de coaste de cal cu elemente
    tirl gt'llv ul'ii.
    F,r'tma dint;'e el,l (frg. 3,6), este cLl un capat lrrint gi piezi; diseclt5. astfel ca alt capat esle asc:ulit.
    Suprirfa{a dezpolita prin ..lisecare este;lefuit5. Pe o suprafata planLd zt osului. transversal saLr pu{trt
    ,:r3lic sunt jnci:tate pes;t,3 r.5 linii r:nai drepte sau mai pulin vilurslsis:, tnoi lungi sau nlai scut-te. unele
    dintrc eler. r:vid,lnt fiincl g'ul)ate ciite,l, unrte la o laturf, (din dreaptat) a coastei, sau cite 2.3 5i :1, des-
    p,ir{ite dc intervale Iiberre de gi'avurd, Aceste incizir continuau 9i pe paltea li'acturatd a piesei. Atlt
    cl,:strnalia l'unc.lr:narl6, cr)t ;i sensltl gravurei r1e pe srrprafaia ei rdmAn neclare'
    ,4 6fgruir coasta ar€r llrigjrner cle 20,8 cm gi l;ifinteade2,3 cm. Pr: itmbele fele plane ale osului. cLr
    linrr in,quste sa,,t sirnple z:;;iirieturi, riunt gra\ate im.rgini I;uprapuse, finite sau foarte sttlizate, care in
    ansarnttlu s;unt ti:larlr: dif ir il6[e dgs6:ris gi examinat. Aparte. se cleslugersc siluete de animale cu coilnle
    (r'eni. bo',,irje ?), anirnirlle "niirunte, (]ixl,rem de strlizate, posibil, ;i fig;uri umane. Aceasta piesd este in-
    t.usa cie noi ?n nunidrul cr:lor de altd rnobilii palleolitic[ datoritii prezenlei pe ea a siluetelor gra'vate'
    A.lte r:oas;te, depistate in lr:est nivel do locuire, cdt;li din alte niveluri. studiate la staliune anteriot', nu
    poarta pe suprtrl'e [e astl'e,] ile incizii.
    in nrvelul i cle lclcr-uro au mai lost depil;tate qi piese clin clil'eritr: val'ietdli de piatri, care, de ase-
    iTtenca pot fi ircadrate jhr .,alegoria,::elor de iutd rnobila paleoliticd.
    Din nunrf,1ul eces,tot'ir,'in prLmul rlnd, vom men{iona o tigurinii antropomorfi sau zoomorfa ('?).
    rnocierlati clititr-un frallnie rrt cie sile;'l cenugiu, acrlp€rrit cu cortc.t din cretd. Inal!irnea ircestet concretii
    este de 4,6 cm ('fig. .3,'2). Iartea <le s;ur; a concrefiei, uqor Lrombatd dupa subfierea ce semnaleazd gltul,
    pe o pafte are 0 pt.oernirrr'n1d, ce reprezintd nasul srru botul, prin addncituri sunt redate orbitele ochi-
    irrr, rririle ;i grLra. in ,,,:,ts' caz , ca gi in aitele, dlespre ce vom relata itr continuare, omul p|eistoric. a
    aclaprlt, prin aplicajii nr:e ;en!iale, gusturilor sale estetice, o concretie naturalA, ce semdna cu partea
    supet'ioar-d a unui oftt i;ltLl trnimal.
    ,\ cloua pi,:sii din ilct:ilsti grnpii reprezint[ rt plachetd de gresie de culoare maronie, de o forma
    irntropomoll'a. ip6lJrrre :r ci este dc lL2,-5 crn, lf,{irnelL, la nivelul ,.umerilor" - 9 cm, grosimel mltxima-
    lil- f ,2 ,:rn (fi..i. 4,1). ,4,111 supra{'elele plane, cAt gi laturile pe intreg perimetru sunt glefuite la lucru.
    I)osibil, ca acerstd presd rt:prezint[ o liigurinii anl"ropomorfS.
    189
    \'111rrr1q,/-/.--1'v4 L -

    -<i.__:-.
    .-.-

    I r. , -l- r--l

    ilrr
    f,i
    t,\
    tl
    lrf
    fN

    !1
    l' fl
    | (.1

    ir: {
    l': .l
    -li1
    trr,j
    ! ,i:fl
    I r'{
    IA
    t{l
    I
    {'-":i1
    ?'1
    l-l,d
    latr)
    l-tN
    \;,{
    'u,l

    clin r;resie; 2 _ figurin6 s;tiIizatd ant!.opomona


    Fig. 4. Ccls-ruti; 1 _ flgu rn5 stilzatd antropomorfd
    gresi0'
    din marn6 ,,u ornum"'il i'tczztl',3'- d'sc alefuit din

    forrnd oltfecum tliunghiulara' de ase-


    o irltir piesii rlln miilnd ]onlpactd, cle culoare alb6,.cle^o
    mgr:tea r-eprer4lntr,r,.1 t'igr-rrina fcrrrtnind stiiizatd
    (fig' :,2)' tnillinrea plesei este de 9'8 cm' 16lrmea
    mrrrimiL - 3,.51 grrn*,ni., mi.rtmd - 0,7 cm. Capeiele' ,'r'rnghiurilc)r" sLlnt u$or fotungt'e' latr'irile'-
    jt:1.111 Ultirnele doui piese' ca qi prima - an-
    glcluite Pe o latutrii. in pat't,ra cle.lc,s ;unt apli':at.- 9
    naturale' ciLre prtntr-o acomodare nee-
    t'opom,:jrta-z:.om.rfri, cles;crrsri mai strs, repiezint6,,crealii"
    au 'OSt transf.rmatr: in ceea ce noi rrcum nLlmim
    Ser!iali,, inclur;ir,';ilefuire, slt'ed'elire 9i rnciustare
    piese d,:: artii tlltlililit. r:^^ r:-, ^.o"ir. rte crr
    op,resdcitnacestrep,et'olit,tr.eprt:zintdr:lplacheti-discdirrgresiedeculoarebruna-nralonte. plane
    For"ma irreser este rotuncla, {.lionl",rul - 5,6-6,3
    cm, g,rtlsimea - 0'9-1,0 cm' Perimetrul 5r lelele
    un semil'abficat pentru pandantir'' oricunl'
    ale piesci su:rt rntens ;;lefuitr:. Pr.,sibil, cii piesa rep'ezint6
    lui intr-<l manierd atit de minu,:ioas[' Astfel
    utilizar,,:a 1:i r:a gIcf'uitor (lisoire) n, n...rira ntoielar:a
    Arheologicti' Se rie norrri

    :lil) _ _ -*='-' -Reuisia


    din zonele Ii-
    mai f.st depir;tate arit la staliu'ea Cosiiuli (Borziirc, chirica t996) cat Ei
    c;e discuri aui

    '"'ili,,1";l';lJl;i"i:'l,lr,, qi clin re,perroriu poatr: fi consiclerard


    rnai degrabi ca exoticd cleclt ca
    de culoal'e,maronie' ftT,ttn'utii in mai
    mttlte
    '.,,plachetii rJrn qist
    ptcsa tle d,3col'. :tteprezirLfii o 'ilitio'
    dou6 mai mari' care avlntJ o f'rm6
    cvazltriunghiulard neregu-
    bui:ati. cele recr.rpel.1"e se,:onstitue,i'n
    IatiseLlnesCinIreele.Penat.gini,piosaintregitaastfel(rimlnefdr:dunmareiragment)poartape adlncitur"6 de forma (du-
    urme rle ci,rplire :li glefuire Pe una cli"n fele'le plane piersa poartd.o
    :;upra1,:te de cilca 5 cm' Diirmetritl la
    ,:i calr:ule g,eonretrrc,rj unci tieimi dLnvolr.rmul unei sfere, "u clilmetrul fo'matd' conf.l'm
    al acesler aclftn,:itr-iri este de 3,8 crr. ArJiincimea ei este <te l'6 cm' Este
    supr.afa{a
    ur.rrelrlrdinintL::rrol.illei,inurmaintense]orqiindt:lungatelorglefuiricirculare.La2cmdeprima de formare ca $1 pr1-
    alteiu. asemlniiioare <:a formi' mdrime 9i ca mod
    s,-au pdstrat urtteie
    aclincrturir
    reprezinta un suport pentru cirp[tarea
    focului plrin frecare cir-
    m;r (fig. 5). ConsitJer. r:ii rt,:easta piese cd in efectuarea miqcdrilor
    re,irrezint.d un i'tere, .i^r,"' Porit'il'
    cularii. Oric:um. plesir itste bizard 5i e)ra antrenatd coarda arcului'
    pro-
    r:lementtrlui pt.,n't:u cdpritarr:^ irstfel
    ci:.cul,rre a ,,11i:citor" 'iocului' din Asia de SLrd-
    arhaice, conservate in unelo zone insulare
    c:ederr cLllloscut in me<tiul :onrunitatilor cu adlncituri
    excrus. cri lrn c'lrtate de suport pentru cipitarea focul*i a servit gi piat'a
    Irst. f,ru esr.e cd acest procedeu
    pr:rr.;ie, ciatatilL,,u.po.o mLrstoriana (cronxp ll9'75)' Posibil'
    srmiliLre ciin grrta I-a urmi'
    in,,,entat cre: c;.1tre'm inc6 fo.rte
    tirnpu'iu, cu mai murt de 40 mii ani in
    crr: a cirpdta focr.rr a
    'osr.

    pentru dobandit focul


    9is;t sili<;ios, cu adiincituri glefuite-- suport
    Fig. rl:;. cosiiiufit pri:sii fragrnenta'd din
    191
    \.iclronul /. )/r. /
    Concluzlt

    p'intre piesele: de artd molril6 gr de pocloabd puse,in discufie sunt mostre, care au mai fost depis-
    trre !;r in llte nive,le cie locurr',0 -porta,JeolnlrfferLtilte, pt:rle din din{i de rdpitori - vulpe,
    lrrp, discuri'

    C;OriAUTSl (MOLDOVA)
    ChronograllgraP tY
    t-dhostratNln3l)hy Arch. Grcnlngen datr:s Palae('envlronm€nt
    P ASA B

    T
    E
    -:::c:-ji
    G
    L
    - --------l r
    cosAuTsl lll r
    a
    _-_--_____-J
    -13.360t80 I

    -13.66Cr140 L

    * 1€.050 i 1'lO

    P'.).\,'IERAi.JIA
    s

    O
    r l- l7.r3o r 1ao

    T
    Y

    T
    E

    D F
    -17,230i 140 L.
    r
    S
    ID
    N cl)sAUTSl\L2
    2c - 17 .620 r.2.1O I
    N
    t - 17,910 r $o
    Y -* 18,030 r 150 L
    3a 17.780 a llo
    L -17,95O:t1@
    c' I FI1ANKFURT
    s. 5 -.18,260 a ::1O
    s, 6a -.18,430 I 1m L
    cosAUTSl Vl-2
    6b -.19,2O0r150
    6c
    I 6d - 19,120 t 10O
    C]
    (. 7 - 19,440 r 100

    L I - 19 070 1 1cc
    cosAUTSl Vl-4
    I l^ I 100
    IJ I
    - 19,410
    tr

    BFIAIIDEI..IBIJRG

    PASAB
    P. l-raesaerls'C'0:

    Borzia<:' chirica' Dam-


    de pa locul staliunii cos6r'lti (dupd llaesaerts'
    Fi,g, 5. s:,hema strerturilor de dr:prtlnerri tardiglaciare
    bkin, KoL.rlakovs;lla, 'uan der Pliht :21)0ll)'
    Ret'isla,4rhcolosic-li-Selie no141

    -----
    lle asemcn,30 SUlI prezelt,- panclal]tive, rnclusiv cele cu ol-narnent llunctiform' piesele din concrelii
    cr,r Llrne cle adapt;Ll'e , tlesc Nlrerite arilelior clolLl in ni,,elul II de ]ocuire al acestei stafiuni. Apar' insiL, 5i
    litrnre;i motil,r: itltlstLcg rrgi, precunr ar fi 'portiactl, ornamentat clt grupe distincte de incrzit q;i de
    antet'ior. oas(3le cu gravurd,,abundent6", 1)an-
    ltropcrtrr tmpulatoare, llet)trll astfel cle piese cunoscute
    .i,,nii',ul :Ln filcle; ,'-r,rrriirnent cir,:u.lar gruipat. r\,leSte noi tluan{e cOrnpleteaza evident repertofiul
    scneral ul piescktr cle li1li'lrleolitic'ii rnobila gi de podoabii de la aceastf, staflllne
    1rJiyelul 5 <le lor:uire I stafiunii (3osdr-r{i,,;a $i toate, identif icate la raceasti sta{iune esteincotporat
    h. depLrner.ile cuaternaruLirri tardiv, reprezentate ile,rrizontuli de loess, nisip fin cuariitic, pietriq alu-
    .,,joniir., argite. Str:c1ul nrri::rostratigrral'jc. et'er:tuat d: cdtre geologul Ei arheologr-rl de la Institutul de
    liriinle Naiural,: din Bn;x.:lles p. l-laesaerts. coresprlnile cu un nivel de depunere pe argila,
    cu ingre-
    ,,i .nt., de f,ln q;i prielrig dezagregat, plasr,tt deaslpra unui orizon'l degradat
    (sar-r emblionar) de sol
    'isip
    f,,rsil. ceincunL,rrelLz;iii:rc:lrrl I\z cle depunen c1e la act:astd staliune. Corespunde
    unei faze reci 9i aride a
    ,:limer. Acr:astii firzii r'.:r:c r:orespunrlle microg;lacialului Francfiirt din Europa Ocidentala (fig 6)' Pen-
    ani BP (I{aesaerts'
    rrLr arest nivel ;le locurr"c ir I'ost oblinutd data raciionLetrica GrN-2358ll18.260t2l0
    acum este evident ca
    l;ior-ziac, Chiricra, Drilrnblc,rr. Koulal.rovska, r,an rjer Plicirt 2003, 163-lB8). De
    ciutor.rtS uilet suficiente crrnser\'dfi alc r-estulrlor de culturf, uman6,'parvenite
    in ttrma acopeililti con-
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    clin suatii.rl dtnlre Nlstt'tt,'1 isa qi Dunarc'

    Btgt"tocinerte

    1991t'-56-7 l'
    l)nie:itrM.,,cn.t-e, paldo,rtiquee;leJ\eolrticlueclela.RcumanieenconterteEuropden(laii
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    Ili.rztak i993: i ilorz;."-a1.<, sirrbsistent:e r,r'a,:iices ol Latr: piLlecllithlc GlotrPs
    and London 1993)' 67-85'
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    []iur.ziirc. Otr,: l9!)b; I. lJ.rz.iac. Irl. Otte, I,ier,e c1e a1tI paleoliticd
    Tirgoviqte 1996 (Tirgoviite i996)' 49-51'
    r-l.s5r.rti (Ni ,rr'l l,tijlicrcit f.{i-rldovir) Srrnpoz,ronui do A:heologie'
    pieses, du paleoliticlue superieure de la valie du Dniestr
    l;ior.zr,rc, chirica lt)g6r I rlo.ziac. Ll,V. Chirica.
    de nrarne
    L)r'ehistoare ir:.ttl'opeene
    () 1996, 293-"10,2'
    urtd paleoliticd 9i de.podoabd de la -staiir-rner'
    [],rzi.rc. ()tte, N.rret 1998: t. Borzi;rc., M. Otte. l?. Noiret' Piesr: de 2' 1998' 5-28'
    trle.litici(Ll r.i''eluri d,: l,rcuire (loshLrti rJin zona Nistruliri N{i.1lc,ciu. Revista arheologicd
    rn&r rnultr:
    [}r.Lrdiul9rE7:Nl'Brurjttt'L,t:tr.ltvltillt:dt:l.clsetatrboisd.:rennedarrslePai6clLitiquesuperieuredelazoneduPiu:
    (lali 1987)' 73-86'
    \{oyen. t,e ltal€olttitltti: t cle 1l i{oumanle en crlntexte Europ6ene
    lc N6olithique
    F Dam-
    chlli,:t. i)atntrlcrn, Ktrulakovska, van der Plicht 2003: P' Haesaert's' I' Borziak' V Chirica'
    f{aesiLerts, Eiorzi .ik, -the Late Plenigla-
    east C)arp'atiln loess record: a relerr:nce tbr the middle
    and
    blon, l-. Kor"rlakor'sl"a' i'tn der Piir:ht'
    r'3t' 2003' 163-1EE
    cial lStratigr rrph'y in C:ntr'li Ettrope(]uaternaitr: 1'1
    Moldova'PrehiistoireEuropeennt:
    [(rrr,:rlenkir lgg6rs.Koval,:rrl l.Ther-Lppr:rl)aleoliticlndustriesintheDnesterzoneof
    9. l!)g(i. 23:\ 261
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    rillrtrr',r B Bti:tr RrLl()Ei
    1'crpoiicrea
    'uu',,*"'1::;:;lJi;T-Tj.:':1]:l .'J:Ji'1 ,n " . il,1.i:l:::;lT:':,:::11,:T:;l:':iJrrqecKoro I'ICTOLIHI'IKon' Hasepttlxa
    t,oett..rl'bL-' nu ou"tt illupo]Koll tptn'- n'*'o'on-laHoBr'Ix B NlI4KpO3O.
    .dtuccteit ri.q(l,ir{:rri:i
    ':}r0i\l},5.'/;r.eT.,n,.,.,.,6.,.n.,;ttrs tr1 6.it'Kaullfl
    lI aHaJIll3 N{atepi{a,lOB I]ceX }{cc-']ejloBaHi{i'Ix
    ,,s p1';1b-1'llfp )\I(a Illcl'1'' naltll']:lflKC)II'

    El,l6IlhorPAo14fi

    r\preo:tot.ttll\/C'[,P,:jll:n,i,il':]:i:]]T.]::l.'l';i":[:];.f;:!['I:':]l:
    i- [ieperi'llcKat' r1'
    I;.pa,onauut rr llr l9SCr: ll
    l5?
    itt"ul't' lisii tl''tpxrre N4A i4A3 AIl PNl 14ne )'fe
    ,;".Jiil;:"='''..li.'l.l|,i]ii:'i;];:];:i::]:';1'.iif::;'''o]:]::,^{,,.,,lep\icciioI-l1g}.::,:,uu.t:xoir,xcneI
    roce .qe H,, ,r.p.utu,,,,
    ,,,,,nru..,,,,,ir,)l.o '
    (lirrrurrnes l9Sl )
    'a*iorKa\ -._..11 ._,,-n,r.' ,1,\*r*rkrx 1,i11',q1prrii (C-flt:re:p61'pr- 1997).
    I-rIpli997:E.Kllltpfl,.|r:xt.llot.t,t.Icg1;1ij.!3111rt'I3](aIleIlI'lblXllH.Il)/C]Tpl
    ,i C,,pero" (xv"rsr-vpa I(o:ii.caxapHa)
    xi:k;l11lj,i:r;ti:tl:,,,:;li:.;;;*u:,'3,;ilT'lj,:::.I:L,i,Hll',1?,?llo".'
    StnLlum plrrs .1 , liOCr0' ll il-4E8 rrr.no nnprlcKr.rrbcxoro t.r paHuecrrt(lcKor() BpeN{eHI'l B lipblN'l/'
    Ko-roit'ltttll98]:B.A'I(|)Ji(I.)rttn.rJijt:'re]0Ba}|ll()fa\lq.rtitKoBfIpen.cKt'r(lcxorot,rpaHuecrrt(lcKor()BpeN{eHel{pslll
    ir4l'lA CCCP
    CA I 198.1. lOi lllg ..^,rcirr-rpo HL-oJ,.rr..rrrec'.r\ rureNlet{ Cpe.rueii ArriLi
    t:p o'r:6'loeli' (-)pr''1rrl lp)1-1i1 ll roi'glicrgo
    ldeo''l
    Xopoi;n(',u,, 196't1 1-' l'
    oSulecre
    l-5ii. 1969 nrr!i'rx 3e\1,1e.]ejlbqecKo-(
    , - ..-!i, nr,.r..Lt paIlHllX 3e\r,re.leirbqecKo-cKorc'Bo'ltlecKl'lx
    Kopo(lxoelr L9i:i 7: i
    tD. |itl]lo(ixorla. Xlrlti,lc.rnellllble K0N,n'lleNCL,t
    tora CCCI, r..Jlerrnr.rilrn I 1987).
    fliL-ne
    D.....,dr rq.,,Lr nari.r lKcneDllN,teHTGrrbFlo,Tpa'o.rlorlitlechoH
    Apxrre N4A i,lAl AH Pii,l.
    (]( Mtl.|Ij].atltrlr s 1987 r..
    (ttl\,qeutte Texi]11Ktl p.,.,,,e,,,.,,,,g).
    }(olo,5x.:ga'r,;,,,l,sii|li.',i.,n|,,,."ga.L''Io.frrpn'Pel.v,rsrar.lrpa6or?KcnepllN1eHTGtIbFIo'Tpa(]o.r]
    rrrurrri,rl()i1,4',1\l]| ]]) ir
    14rre. Nl l,l4 (Krtrutitl:
    I 1988) -r.-r,)nrr{irR{r:rcrso r,recuoii nci.rroce Bocroqrroii
    }:epofllr (N'locrn;l
    Kprtcttoa 197 i l0'A" K g:l'r- lrou' Prlrine e 3e:NIjlejleJliie ll iiil'lllorl{otso'lcr
    lgl \\. HacereHlrrr flplrrapnar"r'n
    r:rc.r,rrn1,Rqrr..1 Hacerel
    i Bo'lrrsi 3 nile\teHaNllt cxiltttot t

    lt ii'l'vrue:rl'Htlllbh:a' IJraitirtol'uRlKt'1
    filr, rua rrr,,,uuxtr 1985: -
    i'l
    '';i 'r'rerriara' '
    :;:tiT*,'illl;:i;il[;:;Jl;;i;l';:J]l,;;iiHp::iiil:ii:il'-l;:',1'o "o.o*""'" :':':'ricrpou
    ;:;;'il*t?;;;:,ii:;'1,;;;:J:i-lli::JJi,_i:,lJ,,t:i,,.:,'.;'i,I::?;':iii.l;,3;I.:iTii:[,i[1?il"';,:J1;'ff.
    na\ltllFI 'o:l NlClo''llll'a ll ltco-qllT3
    N',lor'lossl tl co'
    cilellouiillllH 't
    (rll- I 1 (l
    !]xiHoir lie'ropvccHr't " p"t1t]t'1t'^ti't;::Jt;::"":f$f tfi1']t
    Me-ruui$:oBcr. ,:.tt,q l9(tl .(l'.1[. N4e'uurlKoBcKaf ' flrertetta recoclenHofo Lpe'!'
    [-L;rr'rsrrlrxtt Cxit{lct:oro Bt)e]\1el1ll
    N.ig,nroxoaa l,)5E: ,1 l,r.-l,r,,.n,onn';r.
    CCrIP 6l' l!)5E, :5- t0'
    \,.i.t,nt,l /. V,. I 2()'7
    --.---
    N'lopvxt.rrxr l")7-5: l\.A. N1opl7;1 Hrio. OSopr.Hllre,rlbFrble coopv,KeHrrr ropo;lutu floeopcn"rsn u cKu$cK)'to ?iloxy. B c5.
    Cn.'drr:rrti Nuir :KneB 197:i I3:l-1,+6.
    f1':tp1 Ht, i')98: B.<['. il:rplns. lr:i;nuroropforicbKi Bir,rvHrracli Kpe]reHeBi nopojtir Io,tuiclpoe'r nK cneLliaJi:oeaura
    ap'r'c(ilaKTHa cr[]oBnHa rep.'.roti(tcsKorc qac]'. 1\pxeonorir 3. 199E,91- t{12.
    P,; irr'c.lrc, liro\il 1!)ti:l f)e\'te,r.r(, ')fioxu 3ilec,rrrra-6prorilsr }rn l/xpariHe (anr,3p61 {.J.C'. liepe:aHbcl(a. C).8. ilncx, B.ti

    K,l:,qr:o. r.l.\{. .'{ss63) ( h.u I I I 9!t4).


    Cr)\reHon lr)57 (-',r\. f,'ei'reHoe. Ji,:peo5uruar rexHnr.:a. N4Hr\ C3CP 54. 1957.
    Ci:rreHor] 1r)69: C.r\. f,ler'reHos. l-,.,nrer+uure ofYIur 3fioxu parii[rx Nreri]-nroB. C,\ 2 1969,3-l'1.
    Ct:rteuoll.X.o;r1l(j69gnl9[i3C,/t.ileirteHos.]...c|l'KopoiixcBa.Te]iHo'r]o|trR.1pesnciiutl|}:nI)ol3B0Jc
    Cl,trtpncrra1'}8.l|l,1.ClIttpll.rtrt.liiarputrutenpe.itcxtrc}rcrirlei(cMfIJ]eKcbIyct)JIa,
    1\rr rHrKlr Kvirbr\'[)b] Ha'r'epir.rrr)pHu CC(lP.(,rleunHrpa.l 191i2), 30--53.
    Ct,tttiluorlal!l8.]:I..l'|'C.lrtiplrost,\4a'reptt.tlsHa'}i}1'bTypt
    qel ) rro,!eccKC,-;raSorrrnc xlr.\ na \1)lrHriKorl). ACI-3 :13, l 9ii3 60-7 I .
    Cr,ltpricrr;a. Kamr.Sir l!)SE: t- ll. (.nirprnoea, ll."l-. Kaur,r,6a. () lcyx -iloKa-qbFIbr)i rp\innax Kvnbtypbt llo3..rHero 9epuo,'re-
    cru Ha f l)c.trr.i,i ,rlrrccrprt. ,,\L-l'? 29. 1S38, lE-28.
    T,:;rr:Ho;rixrrH l9(il: ,\.tr{.'1'epeuo;,:xrrn, flper,:x}r0cKl{i: nepr.ro.t ,{a AHenpoBcrc'iv flpanofiepexre (l(rten 196 l.t.
    l'iifirlHotliKln l9'(r:i: ,\.11.'l epeno;.:xrru. Oorolbr xirol-io-nornlr IIpe.xcKttc|lcKoIo neptt(lna. C'A l, 196,5,63-ti5
    Ttll't)'x:000\,1E.].ra.tr,x,Cl'r.t:ro6apXeOlofIIrIeC'KtlXtIc.j,le,1(]BaIl}l,1XHir|{)pojI|l.e
    Hnn (r{rpnrxc,ecr.oii rr':rr,'r'vp.r lloxpor;i.r }'r 2000 r.. Ap:xt e MA I'1A3,4'll Piv{. llHe. l'i!,117 (Krrnrnrree 2001).
    -[6;t'r]x rr ,Lp. l99ti: \J.l:. -Ir.:e..tr'.:. P.A. Fa6,rHosrrq. I- B. 3acs nKlJHa. Orqer- o6 apxeo.toflirlecKtlx tict:),'leIOEaHrltx Ha
    I.ol]tlJ-1l'll]l.Pl;tl''''i.[erUIarrrt,'pr,.'IItl()ct-[ellIlt{I]e[)HfX()E,cIio
    Atr P'vl. l.4rru..l\i' l(i7 (li,rLtrrrtree 1999).
    tx'til.l'.txtl'6tll.r;litx,](){).|:(-).c1ltta-lto.lo'Er.l,
    11 paul:, l!175: ll.r\.
    S,.'.'n5.a''1()9.5:E'..SiLr.l.,]..\1I.rrrzr'tr.lt.M."[.clciuc.S'KurciiLtr'x'.
    i]arlatr-Witrertbcl.ger,InrestLgirtiile
    Nc,Lra-A.i.lntstil.Iai.JnulI)c:.rluseni,Rep.rbliclN,Ioldor''a)'Ill:Cercetariarheolo1lice
    1995) 281-357.

    ():t':u.llnptttcr.
    Ilnc'n ttm,tn ..,lpteo.to.-rttt u 3muo:parlntu, ,'1ti':dAe.utrst Hu.t't; Pet'n),'.ttrxtt ,\f tt:dctrtc.r,
    1'.r. l\'ltittt,torttt.ttt'n [i.;tr\':ei:x\'-Eodotttr J5,
    l\(D-tl0 l2 Kutttttut'' Pec'nr(ttttxtt !14(t'tdLXtct
    -- Reuisla ,4rhcclogic.ir-)e riq nqrrri
    Zrrlj

    A$eznnEr\ 1:OHTIFICA.TA DE LA H CnOOtgTE, RAIONUL CALARA$I

    Nicolai l'elnov Ala Belotcaci, Chigindu

    t.i tiL,r,t,lt,n(:tt I t;tlJ1,,,:'tu ..tt).\t,t;tl t.iltlliuttt,(lti(t-tirt.tliltl!trt\'r'l'ltit ttrtt,,t1, tltlr-1Sui','r",.

    ttt)pori,tt)i(L'tittt:l.,t.,liliqttL.-(illttt;tti\it(tTi1'ltr-tttplt,iI'tLt !c'slt'{t(L'; tL'l'lt'ttlttt"trtlt'

    C)partoltl:,lrcli$ulr'tiCt:rrtrai\llcliiclrenescill(]i]cratIin]]lasatel.itor.ial-adrniniStl.at\aitt.iiioaltclor
    de epoca a lle-
    [[lar..r;i. l.{ispcreni ;;i [{furccgti (frg 1,1) reprezinti un clecisebtt intere':; prln \estigiile
    *Llui car. pari as;triz:i nu Li hent:f iciat cle att:n1ra nrltorie u cet'cetltt.rrilor.
    in ultimele 4 decenii' aici'
    sect'ili-lre ale spa{iului pl'econizat'
    ,,,.hg(llogii |tu i{lfr}irl'icat iilr gir dr: nronLllx(]l-}1.rr antltlasate in cliVe,rse
    ,,,aloi!r'e p0z.itir rtrategicc'insLigitc cu irr-geriozitate cler tnbrl1'ile t|acilor cle la nolclclc Durril'e
    ;rrrnincl in
    r,:lrrxr,-,lrru,t .9]];2?irL0,:i li)99: l:]ir.bc; 199?, 199-1136; Aniittt 200:1. 'in
    l2-40)' Ne ref'crim' itr acea-sti
    antichitate condilii favrlra-
    ,.).clirre c.le j,Jei, iir zc,ncl,:: it: uocIS gi colrnare cAte l''ornteazi;i lilrmar;;;i
    Monumentele lirhelloglce de liingi
    cLle rie slpi'i-tve llnofc pc,.r intindt:r'e cie l0-3C l<m cle -jur'-imprejLtr'
    (rE-t.'t'): JIait)'ttlrwu 19'79' 18-20)' Horodca
    Plrr-jiriteni (Jlarr,r'rrrulrt. J:-l'tlti:tliLi':,, F'ol,latloBcKat 1974,
    PortatlctscKais i974' 49:
    (Llonstrntr'escr.i.la;,i l!.r"1.,.11; Llr,ittpiloB 19.+9, 1991.J1ar1'un.'tu, I-ltttc'u',lttu:,
    ,r,.rniLrt :100:1, l,:i,+), I\r,l.it.l:ielI (l'{liricLr 1993, 3{l 3l: .Arniul
    2003, l.l5), N4alael;ti ("llalr}'utttstl'
    etc' cLlnoscLlte deie in
    Ilu*;r'r\,r. lr.riarrcrncriart 197.1, (i-(). l-ozova (Arn:iut 2001, l:i!')l Driigu:;entl
    liter.,tr:r.a de s[r{:)craijttite, ilu au bcn,:fir:iat de cerr]olliri
    tic lnlllloare., elc fl lrld semniilate doltt prln tn-
    ti:r.mt:cliiii ltr,tslrr:r:: ;i r-rrrrlgl' ic 1efell e iei:tLtale'in difcrite
    pc:r'ioacle'

    Ir.r vrzrLrr.lcl it.utoriii,rr iLcestLii :;ri.rdiLt. ce I rnut


    no abil obiectir' arheolosic din zona pleconizatd este
    cle 33-5'6 m' pullct clenumit "Deltlul
    itiez''.c 1or.ti{'iclilri.:,ilLut.ti ll,e Llll pittictl cle deal, Cu cotil maxirttli
    [liLncLr 199'1' 29-301 Arnirut i]003' 225)' Gra-
    i''1c$r"'(Jian1,utnrti llllril rltq',r. Pt-rl,tailoBCK1r l9l';1"181
    r iti)i'rcl u$(Ir rjp il
    Ltn t'r,.rnglhr. r'ii.r'lul
    noid, nord-est a satLllui l{oilodiqte (fig l'5)' Astfei'
    rit'tlt,t ctlnt;.tcteazi. c\tierilit cle
    pe o {rstlrlli de aproximativ 450 nt
    ci estcr Lrst.ll orienta.t c]c lit ngrcl. t:,oic1-est:ipre sucl' sucl-vest 364 rn' I-aturile dinspre r''est"
    rfig 1.21. Arui t'ars.,,ilrsiLl car-c li:,i'rneazir blza rl urnghiultri. ntisollt'i
    cLrprins irtre 60 gi 45 grade (fig l,3 -5)' PentrLt'
    i:st;;L surl r.epr;zrntiL pilriti)r,r,inclrn;Lte sub un ungh
    au previizut inc;intl?n aceastd zoirri cu o escLir-
    r.ecla l)ant()i ihrriltrg s({ r.rlr Linghi rnaj mrc,lonstr-rctll-ri
    pir crrpri,nsl cle -tr lr-urglLrl ititrite; cle r:r;t intre ltirrilc
    in'iti 5i crcli dc ii dor-lil cie apirare'
    lncinta. r,:1rr,:,,iita irn sistorn c1:fensiv alcatr-it din
    rrei '"irlu.i, prececliite de ttlt atltea rqantLlil
    il$i,llonlrte in aiiircinrrr, r-rl jpLrsc in aceasiir orciine,
    Iinir e:tt'ioarii ir'anscazi i'ii!6 de cea de mijloc
    ia distl,i'la rlc ltpri'r-r;riittLti' i0 rn 1t,. ltLtLiIa Ce vcsf
    iar 1:'e iatuta di: e'St' datorita arcr'rirtl l-lutel'ni:e lL
    ,,,alului, i,rceili,ltt {l:itc dc ,illro.tttnlrtil 50 rr-r 1i'ig 1,4)' Distarrla
    t-lintre lrnra defensil'i de nli-jloc;L
    r:ea rlc a treiii ttli'Lstlltrit (,:1 m. per l)itl]tit 'le
    vest $ pe cea de est - 3t't nl' Panta ciin f'ata' cu unghtrti
    ciil'e ntai pistreazi astirzi di n inllti -
    rlic cle ,i*clini.ilre , pi.e'li;.r.ita cg r.tp lr:r'n c'le vegl':e , bastion(llr,este iivitllsaia fa1[ dc linll a treia dt:
    m,
    tlle lltroxintal.L\, :i m 1i irt clianlet.ru clirncnsiLrjlel cle -:i5
    ;illauafc cr-r ll ii m.

    .':al.eltdepistittpitt|Lir!e,li].icttltncolrtinrttdevestiglibogrtincet.llmtciluct.lt_
    Ceter:thlr inedilr: ele':tt-t tle ct: lon lilemia
    ti cll lLlirflll;l git: ::el;cri cer iirl)(lrt din sec I \,- a.C-hr.
    \-91.,qttLl.l.,l'r, 1___ 269

    rl.
    I
    1_,

    ;i;
    L_. -

    Figt. l. h{;e;liarera lontificatb Horodigtr:. I situl loce.lizat pe harta Republicri Mcldova; 2 schila topol;;raficd a
    aq;6zr1ri fortlicaLte; 3-S age;,area fortific;rtd vedere dinspre nord (3), ved,sre dinspre est (4), vederer dinspre
    st rd-s;ud-est (5)

    Dupri curn re:iese din plarul incintei, linia clefensivl :xtedoard gicea intetroari formeazli un semicerc
    cir c: ?ntr(lt:tie: promtxtoriul pe rpendicular pe o diritanl6de392 m $i rcspectiv 1146 m. Linia defensivd din
    rntclion.rl rrgr-:z[r'irr lortificat,:, rdica cea r,le a treia, intretaie incinta pe o dlstan]i de 165 m. Actualmente
    ioirificatirle plevii;tlte pentnt i:lpArarea;rgezdrii au fost distruse in rezultatul practicdni lucriLrilor agncole
    270 Rcuislo Arhcolosicci. Scrie noutT

    irrtensile cle,,a lun5;r:l' acinr:i decenii. Mlai muh declt ltAt, valurile, dar gi niveiur-iie de lor:uire au avllt de
    srLlerr'l rle pc urrna planlajuJrri prac-ticat cu scopul def i;arii ptrantatiilor cle vi![ de vie.
    Il.ezultatele preltn-ilnar'r ale cer,:etdrii noastrc intrt:prinsc pe platoul ,,Ple;a" au avut cirept scop urmd-
    ll'ca jntensitalii niverlu)r-rLi cl: locuir-e. InvestigaLtiile ef,:ctuatc in nrai mr:lte scctoare ale incintei. dar. mai
    l es. ricolo, lrnd'.: alur,iunile' alunei:iirile cie teren gi plantajul ru clferit posibilrtatea dau de b[nurt cd adan-
    citreir stratr.rlui rle Ltr-'uirr: lringe milxrml de 100-lll0 cm. Acelaqi lucru ni-ldovedesc rave:nele produse pe
    iirtltrit esticii a platoului. rrde in nralurile abrupte i.rpar urme intcnse rJe locuire, cruste de chirpic de la
    ci.rnstrr-rctii r1e locr-lit, urrne Je lemn carbclnizat, precun $i intense resttiri de vestigii reprczentate, miti cu
    -st,lrru, pnn fi'aSrntente ,:erNrnice. Plin a,lelea$i observafii s-a putut constata cd nu intreaga supral'a![ a pla-
    tr;ulr-rr res,pectir, n rncrnr.ei I 1'rtst locr-ritd cu acer:agi intr:nsitate . Asti'et, in punctul din extrema de sucl. sLtd-
    rr:st.,tcolo uncl,i-'se r1'lii p'rt:sr-rllusr:l lurn de veglte, lc,esul g,alben. reprczentlnd stlatul st.edl cle unne clc
    Ir:ct-rire. aplrre lll supr.afatra. Llrntele dr: lclcLrit.e proJlrru-zisc :le concentrr:a:zi in preajrna celor tre i linii de-
    icnsire , prediler.:r.ie rif'erinri -se sp:rriului dinspre panta de es1 a piiilottlul (1'1g,. 1,5).
    I)egi cercelitrea noastra poartii rin caf acter p(3r'iogetic dispunem, totugi, de un inse,mnat nunlir de
    ,vcsti;iii ca|e prin c:aracteristicile l,Jl particulale pennit sir distingem miai lnulte categolii de descope-
    prli. l,lntrr: i.icot;tea clefrnirn mai mr.tlte figurine antropolrtorfe, {usaiole, rondele din lut ars, mdlgele
    rJin sticli ;i fralrLente cirt ' itse cerilrnlce.
    I.'igurine. FrLgurrnI itlltropoll,orf'i c--r:nfec{iorrati. din pastd cafeniu-inchisd, in amestec cu $amota
    pr.rtetrric lttilizatri la care s:: rtbselvii drtar membrr:le inl'enoare evidenltate pe centru. I'iesit lt fost pre-
    r rizr-rtit ctr. t-ln ot if icit.t crare: o stiablte lt,ngittlclinal , de jos itl sus (frg. 2'l ).
    I,igurina antropontrll'f ir, conl'ec!iorrlti din lut in ameslec cLr gamtttZt miit'untd 9i nisrp. ,\rdet'eit e ste
    ,:ernplecta oxil::enatii. qi t:u oar-ea cafeniu-dcschisd Presa are picioarele depirtate, corpul cilinr1ric,
    l'rLta i'-'datd plinrr-c,p'oenl nr:n!5 qi clouI aciincituri, 'eprezintlnclnasul 5i ochii (f ig.2,2l).
    ltigurrrii c:-rni'ec[iOr-ralti clin lut "rmestecat cu frugmenle ntinusctrle de gamotd. Arderea este com-
    pleti. ornogeni cu l"tLla,fl1e ,Jc culoat,.: c:afentu-sul'ie (fig. 2'3).
    F,ieselc in ,::auzri consirtuie cttegoriii de descoltcriri fl'ecvent ?ntirlnitd la Hansca (lluxy:lrlu: 198-5.
    ll3-116, fig. 3.7-t.0), F,r:i.rna (Vulp,:, Teoclor 200.3,,548-549. 1ig.69t-70), Fedeqti (Coman 1917.255,
    li-e. 1.8), Nltaterrti (I.'aitr.br l{aheu, Lcvi{chi 11000', 2)3, pl. XLlll-23',t'
    Iiu.seriole. De pc suprrirl'a[d rtrcintci au fost r3c]c,ltate 12 fusaiolele care reprezintd tipulile bitron-
    ,:.(llric. cilirrcjric. in-l'6rr:nri Cc sf'ei'a gi Ce elipsa. Cel: bitronconrce sunt ?n ttumir de q;ase. Ele au l'ost
    l,.rnfe c!ic,nrite d.in lut in arrcstec cu $iLrnotli. Au i;uprafafa neteda, acoperitd
    cu slip de aceea;;i culoat'e
    c,"r qi pasra (fig 2,4-'l.ll- 2). Douir fusaiole. in fcr-nrd de elrpsii
    au fost confbctionate in aceeagi tehni-
    i:i. F;eSit cl,l tip,ul c;ilinclLjc a fost cclnfec[ronalit din lLrt?n amestec cu calcar (fig.2,9), iartrei exempla-
    de fusaiole
    r.l, fr.agmemterr,:, f'ac clorrrriri unei folme sferice a fusaioleleoL (fig.2,13.15-15). TipLrrile
    c1escrise nrai sus si: intriil,.resc, pllctic, in t6rate a5e:zdrile clin sec. IV-IlI
    a.Chr' din spaliul carpato-
    (Vuipr:, Teodor'2001'
    f,rrlcrrnrc. [ile lu f,cst rjesr.o:eritc la F{ansca (HHixynuul lg-/7.92-c't1), Prliana
    I97.pl' XXXV/3.-5'12), Butucenr (Nr-
    :+3-)44. f ig, 64-6-5). A.lc.:iiar (Kasuba, Haht:u, I-cirilchi ,1000.
    cr-rlitii, Tcodor, Zan,rci .20 t2.187-l3iE' f ig. 61,1-ll0; 62'l- LB)'
    de r''ase de lut lnrtral
    llonclde.,r\cr:astd cat()g,Jde clc ves;ti,,iireprezintiipiese coni'ecfionatrl din pere{i
    c le ,tr avul forLla relali.v r rtuncii. clar: clincauz:a
    glcfu ni, margrnile au ]uitt totma faletatd (fig' 2'14.t'
    de tip ,,tu-
    il1irgtle.l)rn catee,gril iicestor d:scoperid fac parte dou[ trpuri. A lbst identif icati o nrdrgicd
    pe r"erlicala in iinie a cit': trei
    l^rli..a,'co'f-ecfionati diirr sticld mara de: culoare altiastri cr.r ochi aibi clirspugi
    (:1,e. .l,l7y. ,g alr.ii presd ri:pnr:zintd mdr;*ir:ir,,inelari", ccnfecfionata clin stlciii de
    culoarc vigirLie (fig' I'18)'
    (Vulpe' Vulpe 1927-1932'
    IVldrgele cru ochi al!,, de tip ,,iubular:", au fost semnalate la F'oiana
    Cabegti (Buztiugan 1968.97.
    .i24. fig. 10.5,,i 2.9; \/ull,:, Teoclol.i:003,608, 1.rg, |29,|04|''21-22),
    1ig.:2,5-), 13uti,:rgti (Bailrlr.:iuc lt)8:. 269. fiq.21'1;. Exe'mplare
    de tip inelar.au fost descopertte la
    ,tiiirnice,l (Alei-inclrer;cu 980, 1ig. 5.2,13),Iinisala (Simion 1976, l:i6'
    1ig' 8,1) etc'
    lDiscuri. IrL cat.egoilL lospcctiVd 1'ac palte trer fragmente c:are
    provin de la exemplare confeclio-
    cornpletd omogen6, iar suprafala
    rute chn lut tn amestJ:,:1, qamot.l. lf iesele au fosrt slpuse unel ar-derl
    rrcoperitii cu slip cle culorl'ea cafeniu-deschrsl'
    riKa5uba, Haheu, Levifchi 2000'
    Exerlplar; ?ntregr saiL ilagntcntare sunt atesitai3 la Sahama \'{j6;[
    .iil7. pl. I-,V,6),. Ivlateuli ,KaBr-rba, l-fuher.r. f.evilchr 2000,20i,
    pl' X'KXtX'l'7)' Solonceni (Kariuba'
    i:{ahi:rr. I-evitchi 2000. ti 3, pi. X\/lI,l.4), HuPi-Coni
    (Teoclor l98l , )79), Orbeasca 'Je Sus (lVloscalu
    198.1, 87-ii8) e tc.
    211

    ,.fi.-'i,!:l.o
    ta :.::
    l-:''ri
    .:. :'::'i

    ,. ',,,1' '1 :
    @ffi
    ",:*ffit Iti
    l(l LJ-J

    Fig.2. 1-loro,ligte 1.:: fir3urine an ropomorfe din lut; 4-13, 15, 16I'usaiole,lin lut; 14 rondele;
    1'z-18 rniirgele din stic d

    Ceramic:r. ll]rrm6rLrl tnlre sub l'iill,ol-t cantilativ <ie fi'agmente de l,ase: lace dovada cri 9i la ageza-
    fetr fortrfir:rtii de: llngii Flilt'(,i.lL$te ccnmici.l cieline Iocul prtm printl'e vestigrile de epocti. O rnaliza
    nt:ri :.rteirti asllprfi,; lic'eslera nr petmltc^s,d o clasil'rc.lrn ir gl'upe dr-rpd tel^rnirta $i tehnologiile rle confec-
    licnrre, iri tiprrrr ;i cltegrx1r :le ruse irt aceastd or"dine de icler men:ion:im cd avem de a fac:e cu ceril-
    rnic:i lu,:r:lti,:lu rr)iirla si crelt Ltcrattd la lrata olarllui .
    :1",72
    BelF] n 41ry,,1 os4il'Jcns,l o-!, qj

    lur:riiti cr-l rnllta (fig. 3-6) reprezinl6 trei grupe din pr:nctul de vedet'e lll tehnologiei de
    r-leranricrri
    confilclioilat.e. Printle l'r'lrlrnentc rlistingem recipiente confecttonate clin lLtt amestecltt ctt $[imotli. ni-
    ,;ip 1i iarb:i Lrsi-'ali[, \'asclt: au ft-rst supuse unei aldsri reclucitoare, de r-rnde 9i garna variata de c'ulot'r
    r.afertiu" ci:nuqtut, n,3gl'Lr,lralbui. Suplafa{a vaselclr este zgruntutoltsa.

    qff${i*ffi lL

    Il

    cu mina
    Fig. 3. ilorodigte. 1'7 fragmt:nte de cetamrca lucrrala
    \iol .r;;,41 I .\f I

    I
    tr)
    q

    Fig. 4 llorodigter. 1-10 fragrnernte de ceramicd lucrali: cu rnirra


    271 R r,t'JSAh!9J9C jq{. S c ris-4o u,l
    "

    fflr

    Og
    Fig.S. l-lorodigte. 1-9 f ragme nte de ceramicd lucratd cu mina
    , 27i

    (,

    (;

    7
    Fig, i. l-1c'rocliste 1-4 fragmente dr:: :eramicd lucrertb cu mina

    (J a,ioul ,{rlrpii se dislin{e prlntr-o l-'rastd irr amestsc cu $amol.ii qi nisip. Cet'amtca a fost supusd
    unr::rardcri incornpletii neonirtgend dr-rpi care v:isele au primit nuanle de r;ulori variabile intre ne-9ru,
    celurliu ;t cafeniu. Supi'afata vaselor este relativ netedii fapt pentrtr care am considerat cd avem de a
    l'ace,cu c:(3r'ilnrirla cunOSCutut, it literatuira de spe,cialltate rlrept senllfin6.
    (lenrmica clin ce:a de a tr'< ra grupii este lucratd dintr-o pasta finii, t'iind supusd unei anleri comple-
    te 9t1Ogi;,'t-tij.
    je cetanLicii, ds5;g,:,pont ia Horodigte, oferii itabilirea mai multol'lipuri de vase. Cele mai
    l-,otr.rl
    multt: fn;: parte <1in categoria oulelor. lleosebim tipul in formb de vas-clc,pot la cat'e buza 9i profilul
    peletelui sr:nt clre:prre tf ig..1.t.1l). in ctljtate de orranrent ele pdstt'eazl ltutonul in forma de pastili
    (frg;, 4,8)sau ltrturl cu motivc'de alveoler (fig.4,11). r\stfel de exenrplare sunt cunoscute in monumen-
    telr,, cle la C'urteni (IJOnomu 1978-1979, 186, pl. ViII,4), Cozrneqti (lvlarin 1987-1989,39, fig.
    2.5.7.8.10) llirser;ti ('\4ori;nu , 1957, Il'.3, fig.2,7), unde dateazd clin scc. VI-V a.Chr'. Ele sunt frec-
    ver:te: $i in nrvelunle <le lo,,,.rit-e ale ntonumr:nlelor ,J n sec. IV-llI a Chr. de la Mateuli (Ka5uba,
    2i6 Rer'tsllA-'h,ologic!!.'Scrri-nor'.r
    ---
    Haheu, l-,evilc,hi :10(X), .01, pl. XXXIX,4), Saharna Nlicd (Ka5utra, [{aheu, Levi{chi 2000,217, pl.
    L\/.2.5) Ilutuoenr riirlic:Lrliti1. Teod'or', Zanoc.i 2Q02,214,fil.88,1), Hansca (l{rzxy..rrzrra 1985, 10!), fig.
    :l.Ei. Bunepti (Ila;rarciur: i983 2l'i0), Poiana (Vulpe. f'eodor 200.1. 6)7, fig. 148,6), ClLri-N4andgtLrr'.
    Aprrhrda. Sarrisldur drrr Transilvania (Cri"an 1969,57, pi. XXI\'). Variantir atrrare la Zintnicea
    (Al:xanclrescu 1980, 7'3. frg. lq. t0), MuriElhiol (E;u1or 1959, :176, pl. 1,2), gi la Grdcligtea Roxolanilor
    ( Epy,nxo l9t9 ;\ . t12. fig . I 2.4 ).

    Intr-rtn till irpilrte urrr incachat f'r'r.rgmerLtele cle vase la care buz:a u;;or aplecatd in intelior gi profi-
    lul percte:lui 'irste tniLi prrtcnric oli rttiLi putin arcurt (fig. 4,1-2.6.9- lCt). Intiilnim astfel de ceramicd in
    age;zlriJ,e cle l,r Sahri.rna..La R.oviclrin" (L,evinscri. $cipachrn, Dr-rl:a t999,56-51, fig.4,4: 7.5-7).
    MiireLiti (Kari;Liba. Fhht'u. Levitcrhi 2000.201, pl. XXXIX,6.8), Saharna Mica (Kasuba, llaher-r.
    Le'uitchn ?OCr0, 217, prl. LV.3-4.7), Butucent (l'liculild,'l'eodor. ,Zanoci 2002, 1113, {'ig. 87.1-4).
    Ofrtinli (Kari;r:tra, Flirh,r l. Levrtchi 2000, 1811, rl. XXII,3.7.9), CotLr-CopalaLr ($adurschj, $ovart.
    1994,:172. f ig. .3.a) Re :ipienle ale trpr"rlui apar la Murighiol (Br:jor 1957,251. pl. 1,5), Zimnice a
    (A1:xarrcllescLr [980, t5[. t'ig. 11,',1.t|.7.2[), Dn"un:vo (Dremsizova ]965. 62, fig. 16,2). f ipul a fost
    docrimontat irr nrvelluile de (lr.rlturi.r de la lr,rikonion, Ko5ari, Ovidiopol (6pyrxo 1993,62, fig.
    -1.3 I1..24.28) etc.
    Vase,le-brrrcan liprill gt ele l'recvent ;i se cai'i]cterizeazd Jrin bu:za u$or sau puternic rdsf intii in
    extcriot'(l'i-g. "1,1.:5 gi f iir.4.-5). Pe,refii sunt arcuilr gi inzestllfi cu ptoeminen!e, butoane sau sltnt 01-
    nantentati cu bnr.r r,;irnlrlri gi nlvr:olar'. Exemprlalele sunt de tradili,: hallstattrana r:Lr similitLrdrni la
    Butuceni (N:culi1ii, 'lferrrdor. 7-,utoci 2A02^ 212, fig. 86,2-6), Potirca (Nrculi16, 14atveer', Potlng.i
    I9()9.3213-330) etc:.
    in ciltegolia s,trirc:hi.ilor am incaclrat fi"agmentele care of'erd posibilitatea de a rr:da profilul vitstt-
    lLri. in ilc:est i;rlts disting,;rn strSr:frini cu buza rielicald (fig. C-',3-4.1. IJnele au fost inzestl'ate cu toarl.e
    in fgrmi dc litrnba (1ir3. '.t). Intr'-o,,,ariantii aprlfi(: se inscriu str'[chinile cu bttza Ltgc,r sau pLltcrnic a -
    cLrira in rnterirlr rifiu. 15.1.2). Alte ','ariante constituie leciirettte ale ciiror bttzd este tiiiatd clrept. ingro-
    $i,rtaL $t teliitd l'r:)l'rniLn,J asrfel falete in interior
    gi in extelior (f ig.4,,1.). Plintre fragmente se evidentiazd
    gr trtartr:,Ce l;r strirc:hrni ile formE semi - rotunrJii. in sectiutte ttvali:;au rotunciii (fig.6,(i-8). unele cu
    pioerninen{e laterale t.f i1r. 6,6).
    Sh'acrhrnl este cute,g rria cle \ili!,e care se intirlne gte in toate ageziirile tracilor de nol'd ca. de exetnplr:.
    la Eiuru,:c'ni (l',irculi1d. l'e,:rclor. Zarr<'-tci 2002,216--22), fig. 90-9.1), HHnjr:ni ,,La $an!" (f'o:rsueBa, Kaury6a
    l9!)5. 4.2), Pglr.ipa ('l'escrrr 1999, .219, fig. 33,8;). l.Iiiropul Mare (Celbotarenco 1991.217, fl.9,1'3.6),
    Hr-r:;i-Ccrni (.1,-eorlol t,9lit, fig. 2L).ll), Sahama,,[-a l{evichin" (L,evinschi, $cipachin, Dulea 2000.92, l'i13.
    4,1.1-19), Braha:;e;;li r,l}'r,CiLr. Pdll.iinel 1912,236-2:9), Br,rnegti (Bazarciuc 1983, 261) e:tc.
    Printre f;'rp1mcntele lucrate la rr.rata olalului se evidentrazdlrei Lruze de amford: Llnrl ctl margine'a
    in fbrrra rotrrnclii t.fig,. ,",i) gi doua cu mu:hia in formii de triung;hi (l'ig.7,2-3). T|ei toarte oYale in
    secriune" un llerete cle siLt;i r-rn al tul de la corp, frc mdrtulia Llnor contacte comerciale cll centl'e glt-
    -[a,ssor,
    ce$ti clc 1re insula din Lleraclea Pontica, siLu Sinope. Dupd cum este bine cuttoscut lttnfore int-
    pol-tate cLin cr.:ntrele,!ri:r:s51i mJ1 sLt!; ntentionale au fost semttiLlate irr peste 180 de a.gezdri ale tracilor
    clin spnliul est-carpatic'. ele diitlncl clin sec. Irv/- inceputul sec. Il.i a.(lhr. (Niculili., Teocior, Zano':i
    20112,,(i3-60; Ma.tr:er,'ici "1U02. 5'1-61 ).
    Cunggtiltele rro;uitrc clesple situl de pe promcntortul ,,Dealul )?leqa" de lAnga Horodigte permit, la
    nrr':lul actua'L al cerc:el.ti'ilr:r, sA cclnr:luziondm ca irvem de a i'ace cu o a$ezare lbrtifi,:ata de tipul ,.pin-
    ten barrll". A::eastr ilre (1 st1'ucturd stratigraf icd sinrpld, reprezentind ttn singur nivel de locutre concen-
    trat in :jtr-atul gr.6s, ar.aLbi in el au fc,st semnalate numeroase frirgmente ceramice qi obiecte care se itr-
    scriu irr cliferite cateiJ,crii lLle cr-llturii mateliale getice. De la haza a,lestlli strat arabil provin numeroase
    resluri ale lo'::uintclc,r'<J: suprafa{li :;r ale celor adAncite in scll. Carar:terul de amplasare a aqezitrii, pe
    plar.oul cu pozifie donnir rntd, reprezintd un indicir- suplimentar in lavoarea similitudinrlor ctl alte situn
    ie epo6a clin silvost,:.prr :uprinsir intre Caqrafi qi I'{istru. Avem in vedere a;ezdrile f,rrtificate de linga
    RLrrJi (ponraHrlBcKilr lgi\.29),I'orirca (Nir:uli16, Idatveev, Potingli l9t)9,223-225), Slobozia
    (Chirica,
    Tanasacl-u 19185,4.00-4f0.1) etc. ca1r3 comporld asertdnin in ceea ce privegte caracterul dominant
    al pla-
    toLrlui cu posibiljtriti larg:,i r1e supraveghere a spaliului gi tot atitea posibilitali defensive a locuitodlor
    de

    aicr. VestigiiLe ciescoprerrte se inscriu in cadrulcultuni getice clln sec;.'V-III a.Chr.


    iir. I

    citf i:'
    I nrpor tan a rn,rn unien
    1 r u r u rezi crii .
    morrlittl'Ltl cc'scoperit. itcidentul, face parte
    ; ;; .i;J. ;;;;" r;;;;,..,r;-#
    clintr o necropoliice clateaza ?nca din sec.
    latii de ce ss i11-11.11'ne neJrsilAteit de ce fcetare \/[ a.Chr-.
    a spafiului gi a mo'umentelor de aici in
    prin<ie'i nii'e:lu;ilor de lr:cui 'e timpurir: vederea sur-
    a culturii tracilor septentri.nali, njvel
    ratr-u"a dl sDecia.litate o proLrJi care constrture in lite-
    rrd iniens discutatri.

    . ^1.,

    ' . ,:. }
    .'., .r:i
    ' ..1
    -- _ ,._:._-..-:;b

    llr

    r
    t__t__I

    l=ir1 7 Horodlgte. 1-8 fragrnente de, amfore grecegti


    Rcuisla,4rhcol Pg-'Sgll-J.ul4
    218
    BIIsLIOGF AFIE

    1980, l9-l::6.
    ttt Carpali (ChiEiniu 2003t'
    ;; Vll-IIL;"i;; i;'pttrul de la 'a'a'it
    j';';;;ll-i::**t:lis";a:;ltrllft' l?3];iil
    '\lt:xan<lrescir1980.\.D.A|eliirrch.escr;,],an6c-rcrpolegdtele,limnicea.DacrirN.|].1'(XlV,
    \rrrut l00i: l. n''"u'"tit"i;i' "t
    Lli bes reeT rr't Bater;.
    tr..pr'-
    1.''i i;''nri con'[rib "lj',
    "'i'lfl.r:i1l'9;:*ii; ,.,,.,"
    lie ra isloria
    [liin\*f:J1;;itffitl;]:.1;:,;T,ffifi,::';?.:!iil*=lii:"ll"i'Jno"i'i
    tt'-ttl a Chr' A\4 Vtli' l!)71' 225'239
    clrrcrlor din suLclul
    ti.rior'1959:]:. n"it"' "i'i""ti' '"t lr4uilshiol N/tCr\ V' 1959'
    373-lllJ'

    rl,rzdul;an je(j8: c Buzdirlrln '.) ror.ra ,!:f i,l:


    'i''ltt't"'i'"li-"otngit
    rjnx*:r:l,li;i'i,i?$?,?,-l'??;n".'"gice
    din Mc,rdo-
    haii,,,ffi,*li::;;l
    il;;;;;;"." 1997 c (lr:b''rtart:nc:o' Cetuter
    r': tChiS'iniu \991) 21l-:'10' (II)(IaEi i9E5)'
    r. riric,,i.Trna.sachi L!rs,i ,ali:l'ri.r.M.'['ana'sachi'Repertoriularheologicaiiud'Ia$i Vt"';i scrve 2' 1911' 253-25b'
    ( irmarr t9,ri Cih. L'c,rn;rn,Iri;rt'-ine ^nt'u1'''"ot:'t:t'gtt''Itt''tt'itt 9"'-:tlT:iJtl'i'ati"t (Chi;in6u 1933)'
    P. L--rr'stanti.t"ttu-tt'i ilirr;lrabia arheolog'ici 5r aitistica
    (,onsrrrnrinescu-l,.;;i i9-i 3:
    (.ri;ar re6e: r rr :.Lie,ur. ccri n c,ro,rco-lretiJic;;;.:;;i;il"':'llll'*lllillll,i?.tHli!3?' , :
    ^^-..ii, *::'^:ll,:,:'":l:::"'
    i;imi:;,1t";;,li::l; l:;;q4;l;i:';i;Jfi!iJiill[:Tllxni]ill.lii^"i'ri':i'" 'r' (Bttct't-
    tr,),, t,r)is- irl-19' 1l'7-?:-(t'
    lsrcrrice, rr.harr ()
    rr Haheu'
    V LevitchiVestigii rirlli'rt)-getlce Ire Nistrul
    O' Levitchi'
    MiilociLr
    t'' - tut. Kaitrba.
    l.,aiLrba. 1fuheu. t-evitchi''i:'i,'1,
    r-culturrtlit"sahlrrn."-pti-
    rc,;ti l()0(Jr' ..^ ^ r -,r-...I.i o sr:ir).uhin,Gh.D
    "-"
    [-evinschi.licrpa:hrn'Dulel]')9'9:ALei'mschi'O$cipacirin'GhDuleaRezerva{ialstorrc(
    locirtive din r.rtilicalia
    getic;i
    1,,;.1;1n;,t']t?:,ll:ll r). gcipachin, Nr. Neg'r'a. complexele
    "*i,,i,.,u"rt,g"1ii.:ii:t.t,, 2J00: '\ 1-e'rt1
    t-.ui,t..t.,i, Iicipachin' NegLlr'i
    iyrageri^.ix 2000' 87-l0l' e' n de 1l Cozmeqtt' '1t,rd.
    vaslui, Acta Molda'trie
    ..Saharna - 1,, *..ri.ii,r': Vi-lV i
    198!r: , Unt""' ''0""''t' itu
    tt"t'tu'ii" "tni'-tt
    VIaLin
    """"ftf",iaiunali; sec II a chr'
    lX-XL I9)[ )" 3:r-:14'
    greceg,i in interflu'iLrl Sir';t-Prtrt in sec vl-inceputul
    Dif.zareu ;iml,clrelclr
    lvl.tcevici :1002 N. I\,rat,:e.,,i:i,

    -r"-.:-l;lt,?i1 ,:i;:;X3,.'],i',,1'?-.,.''.,,ra:o-getri?i(B""'llu-'],::,]],
    prelrmtua i,rce rrr, re57, 2ts-226
    - potrrca. cefceriri
    ra Bi'segti Riiport arheolog't-
    M.ri'rz rg57: si n,,"1r;-,;;:';;io;,iu,,t....t.
    il;t;;t" iid Potiinga' Cetate, trrrco-getlca
    Niculili.lvlatr"e:r"
    ili'n: I
    *"u'*t' \iculita';'

    ,.. -ii:iltl,,i:x*:l;l,illll'fii:x;il,1i'?;'n3':il''",t.,-tt'::'ii,Y:?:li;ii1i'1".:]'"ii+|jl?J:;.,l-1ii?]
    o'ii'c"'Thraco-dacical'197(r'143-i63'
    i6e.r8r
    sin.i.nrg./6:C S'*i"..',iir,rr,-es.ete-sa.,^o..*r,ri:u,,.rur"ni""-r"""u'ir-r,
    gadurschi $ou,,n Lqli+,1,,
    +;t'l.J. i981: Si T'eoclor' l\5':zrtLea
    ;',du,,.hi
    selr)-dacr
    ?*Hlf*li*iliix'fijflliiliii:ri'Y'l:"'Iee4
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    IlollHoe til obpyruenHe' Ecrl n 6o:ree
    IIp,C)L'l-oco(it'gr:'rr.]tIlte-_.ipla6tt,ellcxttt:i}iO.lCpa3yo6tllllnl
    tITo')Ta l\IeroJIII':il Orpafi-
    y r.:. X:rlrtras ([':urHoe) o-fNrelrclrbr HeOAr]OKparHo. Xapamr3pllo'
    'a.\loflljiL,Irrrr\rj
    .reFit{rr (ueper rtcu.gngir t(oJI{-t Ifu, a }le trf}ilKorror\{ i.litI,J sr.lpiltlKclt:t)
    IIa raN{tl-IIIIJKC tlBnterctl ellzIlcrBeFI-
    ].lC)t1,L|T0Il0;|TBep7Iiilae.lcrrpr(,|leIIlIc]|"10fi,IjII,I50/llun,rerriroBnep[O;icoBepIJIeFIufn0|pe6eIJI4.50/3.
    cjj,rTKe I Boqpo(r r rrprrrrlrrax, BbriBilBiulr:{. noJ3axoporleHlte
    B Kal\lepy ilorpe6eHI'ls 5012
    E.-rec
    6gua or-
    ,p. r,cfitBlrr(lJrr;,lpvroji xy.lrl rl'pHo xporroirorurrecKo14 3tloxll. Bep'tll'rnee Bcefo tta'raxoivtSa t]TO
    Ipe,{HaN{epeH}lo. iVloxrro flpe,ll]onoxiuTb'
    1ta6.rega tr trclg,tri,3oBi:rFll u. liitLrecTttc )'cblnanbHIJllbl
    c]'O tlpHeHl'I'IpC}BKa (rtepH:l'ttt)tta"lr'-
    .railr1rr,rii rrrrr iol-1:,e6.x.tL,rrol.( ) cclop)')NeHIIrl II, lOOllBe'rcTBer{Ho.
    ilpHHqroro B }{x cpe'xe
    I,iitrrl lIc]:lxoilrrrt.r r(orleBHirKii,l lrro.xH nepL'ce,'teriHt Hiu)oiloB J{.rlti coBeplrlelI}ltl
    rrclr'pe6a;rrttoro o(iPl1a.
    p1 a6[trM (,.rr\irrai]. Lt ccJlrl!or]asrtr,rii ts Kyprar"{e 5'0 xcltn,reKC KpailHe HIlrepelceH, nocKorlbKv flI}-
    pit3fpa6t{CHIJblN'' rl:alutl'llHKOl!{ 3rlo"(ll Bcltrxoro
    .irre rcfl rl;[u]J(r-fr]ejiH6rrr,r Hlt ( eio!.Htrr]tttii reHr, He
    \{oruJIsHHKe )r c. X'''IIaHax (flt'tttoe) ol-
    rre:'\::cereHrfl giip.ijroB uil I-[rxuenr JIsecrpe. Kpolre F]ero Htt
    KJr,r.'o 2 nnycxr*rr rrorpe6ertnx (21) u:1812) Blopor-i rroiroBnirbr
    III-I\/ B. I-i.3. c opl4eIIlupoBKoti no-
    :)TIiX 3axopogeHl,iti pe3Ko
    r.pcliieulslx R CeBepHC,]u, ,,n.I.5,up1,1e. Heprr,nxoe cxuii }.apaKTej) HHBe}IT.ap'
    NlorllJlbHl{xa (sJtlAel;-
    Kolr'pacrfrpyer c orc),ra,tun aa, o6r,r.iucrro A:rq 3roil KyJlb'rypbl lp)'Hl'OBOro
    IlccneAoBaHI'Iq' Bo3N{oxHo' BblqBtlr
    c:ri:riii 2000, fio-(r7). [[pro,fo ixiarcu]I'Iect sa IInNrierr !,uecrpe
    tll]r'.llcraB]..tre.ttttttfi llilracr !i'rpl-fltlHl)IX IJ l\lexK]'pTSHIILIX ApeBHOC'fei{ IV'-V
    BB'H'3'
    li0 _ ___ _jSr,rrlA,$[o!9g1c-a . .S_gae 4qug

    Sngntaorpnors

    r"f ie.re'flrr H , tN{o,-:Ksrr l,9l).


    l.-i5:1).
    li'.tc.iilrarr,1Kp,arluciltto.|'alrrrii.rorla.(orr1978:
    pi]cKotIKatattit.trtrlii1.rl;.,tttcpe'Iller]eK0L]or.oIieltr.opo,1lEe'lltl1lo1-/
    (,rAh,l. rrrrs. irr: 8l/l0i

    :il-r)ieo.'ll'l lll.l l- epr:irttOrrt I' tlitir:plt()),tcpsl (Krrea 198i')


    lrie.tx.ttioaa 1()(rl: i,.ll. .\'le.titl'i.re:r. Lixrrrl.lcrlre i(\/p.aLlbt T'npra,:rro.'rsuluHsr. llflA CClCl3 115, 196?.
    il'iitpotuttHit.,|l'cp;.ilettttl1);:il3:IB'Iv1tr1.rou;lirra.B.,l'
    I''rula []l I. (-'.1. -]. tt)llE, 1.1.t, 156.

    r r. -io tt..J.){rlocxsri 11)l'I

    iii-{vp0trbt (i) Klpr irHfrrbr( NJI tr.rrbHrl}1r A.'uia-ruii H Xa-l)(H,lep II (Krreu 1991.)).

    ,ri,.1,,'lx)!rbr (ll r. l(vplaurii,l.: r\roulri,nri<rr,l[irurr:rr ircrolii ir i]c',ro-,rccxrrii ilir.reir .i!)9t)),

    Tiit\.'lle,rbr 1UI). h.lplrrrrr3 \r(rfri.li,frirxrr lleclr-r,,eecKrrii rr K)'6eii (Kuern 1990).

    Fi c5. L1c'5iry.r

    t'-1oH.).(i(]ltbi.].X'a')1H()llO-lulllttel:xr.liipclitluc,rl)YKul]ilTltpacrto.nuctttlI:ir-1tyrrrlr,r)'c6:(lenepl
    ll.,e: o1 1l-lcoj,r.r frt bi aHl rt i ciili I I'llll jiclro:ru 10[t2) 2:]i-:1.1-5.
    Lit:'rseg,111i6s 100.1: ll,\ Lir:'igeDr;r(oIr. (l \l)on(),,rolntrilcrio\r pa3i(eileHttll 'Ittpactto"iti.,cttoit rpvltltbt. B c6
    ('iapcxrrruor:r ni c r.e rrr.rr*i.r;c ilprr,.c;rrr)),rclp'r r fiprn,ry (l(I) (3arropi;ri;r.:r 200.1) 2','9-285.
    .\1tulnikor,. "\irnrlrenl:<:, l99r.i li.NI. r\rrLrlirikov. A.\/. Sitnonenko. A- llte riarmltiitlt bridie sel: from Moldciva
    ('lrrnm unic'fi 1 r )ues,1\rchiir(' cr gi',:it ll Linga|ii'r' 1 993. 9 1 " 97.
    tlichlr l!)7:;: Gh. tl rchir (-ultur r crlpiciu tB,rcule gti I9'73).
    (irosLr 1995: \/. Gt, ,sr.t.

    t, I'{ e et, p
    I t,: r.t p r t t t r h'o 6,

    ilut,:rto-trcc'.'tedoettne:ut.'t;nn -ta6o1tumr.tPtr, "/lp.\.eo-tt.tzttst", il[-Y u.'t- T.l-. IIIett'tt'uxtt'


    yt. 2..5 !)xrnst5,rya l2ll. Lq-.?-l()() Trrpacno.tr,, Pecn.1'6tuxn ,\lo:doel

    B at aP u i 8.1: (t.1'"i 1 1' 1'

    llttt:il,tr,tn.1,'tu Apxeo.ttt:tttt tr l)tit;to:pctrbutt, ..4xuoe.trtrtt t{ct.t,x Peut.\'6:ttxtr tr[o.tcloet,


    t.'r. \',tiut.t|totto.ttrnt 6?uv.ie:'K)t-6o()otnt -l-i MLj-21:)i2 Ktrttttttt,v, Pe<:rt.t,6:trru ,lto.t)rtr;tt
    I'olLi'irrrl 1. Nr. / ___ 131

    CrnRmlcA t-ucRATA cu uArun DrN A{|EZ,qREA $r NEcrRopoLA DE TtP SArurnrun


    DE MuRE$-CEnr.uAcno!/ DE LA Bruoegrl

    Vliad Vornic, Chigindu

    i.,t n,, tit'o!

    r:le': i'tiit,ic

    (lctt,t ilta s,oer:i./tit,: !tol.'ttlo{ii'trt,' .e,t:tr'-datit:e, ,!,1.'rtrtIIttiLt Si trttttttttite

    ,1rLte ( h-It.Y p6,.'K01;0ti,

    t l t' ti, l.t' It(t i0,b I t'.

    t)escopentr: 'n iLriul l9:i4, ageziirea gi necropola tie tip Sirntana cle Mur"e9-iernJachov de
    la
    jn anii 1954-
    Eir.*lcrltr, (pur,. (ll"rr$inliurnr,r 1'ost inr,cstigate prin s;apatLtri ststerratrce in doud
    etape:
    lg)5T cic cirle I:,. Rikrrie.r 1.F'r.rn,rarr 1961) ;i i1 anul 197.3 de cittre Ch' Cebotarenco 5i
    'f. iii:er-L,alt.r'r (ge6orapent:o, llJepr(i;rnoea 19174). in rezultatLrl r. cincr campanii de sdpiitLrri din
    lgerilre au 1'ost soi]llsg l1 lr,rlrnd 11 loc:urn1e, cloud cuptoare c1e t'edus minereul de flcr. un cuptor
    rje *lriri,:;r rnai multc irne\i-r gospocidlcqti (consti'uc;tii de suprafatd, r'ette in aer
    liber 9i gropi de
    1tr-.,r,izii), i1r: clin ner-:rolroli uu fort de;zvelite
    peste 370 morminte cle inhumatie 9i incine ra{ie si
    -fotodatd. clin ambele srtLrrj s-a oblrnut ttn bogat 9i varlat
    ,:iteya glt-3p,i ct.r r:a1rc'ter-isftr":i rituale.
    mr{r:rxl arfreclog:rc* corrstii:rd clin ceramicS. vase de sticlt'r, diferiter tttrelte, ustensile de u:z casnic,
    Ircci.:sorii r;esl.irnentar.rl. pie sr: de toiilet5. gi pocloabe, care reflect5 dii'erite sfere
    ale vielii Ei activi-
    la BLrdeqti s-au
    idtri comunit;itii umlr',, i. I ici. Grajie acestor clesc'l:eliri, agezarea qi clrnitirul de
    sit,uut pr.intle cclc mai im1:,c,r'tarrte gi mai r,aloroas;e rnonumente arheologice
    datind clin ep'Oca rO-
    rrrani triLrz ie clocttrnentale ll( teritoritrl Flepublicii lV4oldovir'
    ceie
    [.' Bucie;;ti, c:ir;;i in r-estul com,llexelor aprarliniLrrd culturii Sliintana cle lv{Lrreg-iernjach'cv'
    deopotrivd in
    mai nurnerc,ase vcstrgii sr-ur, vlsele cenrmice. Acestea s-au desc,:lperit din abunden!d
    locuinlelor), ca;;i in necropolii (in rnormin-
    ilger;4ar.e (in c6mplcrefc <Je lor:'Lrile pi pe suprafala din.itrrui
    te si iln :;trat). Trehuie s;ir rnen{iondm 1'nsrir cb majoritaLtr:a materialului ceramic,
    in special cel proventt
    ,1/-::_,*__._ ,. Ret.:islu Arhctlogicu. Sgrrc-r,te4ri

    'Jtn
    aqczare, se.rl'l:litr stlrre fi'agment:rrii, reconstitruirr:a forrnelorintAntpinild clin acest motiv serioase
    lif rcultati. I)ar stt-tdir:t'ea alcrttzt a celr-rr peste ll00 de recipiente intr"egi gi intregibite gi lr nunreroaselor
    ['t'lgmcnte c'3rantice, rjlil ilct('l'nstlce lr pelrnis, totuti, rerlizarea Lrnci trpcilogii clestul
    de detaliate.
    In furrcl.ie d': f'aictut'ii. t'rhnica de e>lecu{ie. texturt pastei gi urdere, ceramica din an:;amblLrl arheo-
    lo;1ic
    '-ie
    la i-iude ;;ti sr: itrrlllrtt: in piltru criitegorii prinr:1pale, fiecrre cu forrne qi tipgri cliferite. aflate in
    llri)poltii clerrseL'ite: I - r:e:t,lt.niczt lucratd cu nrina: 2 - ceramicir luclatd ll. r'oatd ciin par;td zgrunturoa-
    sill 3 * cerarnica lucrati la 'oatii din pai;td fina; 4 --ceramica ronrand rle rnrporl.
    in artjicrllLrl tie 1'atd rro plopultenr rsd prezentlm;i si analizim almrinuntit ceramica m6delatd cr-r
    mi,ina l'ecllperatir din;-tsczit'eit q;i crnritirui de la Buck:r;ti. Spre deosehire rle oldria lucrata cu roata, in
    tei:ntllrlgia ;i folrnele, i:Llrcia se re:;irnter o putetnicd influcltd roman5, ceramica moclelatii cu mlinar
    JlristreiLzd itl tnate rrlsiurii tt ,trlitiiler 1i clenrcrrtele specifice dif'eritor grupuli etno-culturale inglgbate in
    cornpk:xul cultural Siintarri. de N{ur-elp-rliern.iachov. c,tnstituinci unul <1in p,r-rncipalele cr.iterii de clerer_
    rnrnal'c etni<.:d a (lescoperirilol clatiind din aceastd per oada, I)e aceea. str-icr.ierea minulioasa gi publica-
    telt integritlii a r,el'iltticri ,lr.:rlrte r'Ll mAnu din ageziirile qi neclopolele cle tip Sdntlna de Mureg-
    Ccri'rllcirov investig,ate prir sipaturi :;e rcclami in r-nod imgrer.ros.
    In a;ezarea rJe Iit llurJt:gtt cet'iu-lrica lucruLtd cu rniina a fost urtiltzatd intr-o proportie extrem cle
    scrlzittit. fitinC re:re:.cntr.ltri ,:b circa I'/o clin tolalul ci.rburilor obtinute. Din pdcate, autorii sdpdturilor.
    nu au intocnrt o stati:;ticI r,umcrir:r q;i procentuald pe categorii qr a ceramicir din necr.opold. Consem_
    niirn tcitlLgi c'ri dirt totalul cl: 2t)l viLse intregi siLLr recotrstituite, folosite ca urne gi capace sau depuse ca
    ol'r'lndi in rnorniinte, un l.rndr de 29 de recipiente (circa 149i) sunl. mcdelate cu mAna. Din aceste
    date estirxitttve tezullli r,:1ar :ii in cimitir ceramica lricratd cu mirnlr a fr:st Lrtilizatd ?ntr-o proporlie mat
    ricLrcatii decii't in ageZi,u'o. S lua{ia ester insd ugor dc explicat. daca se t:ine r:ont de faptul cd obiceturile
    cle inmormintrtrt', rept:zinli r-lnul din ccntponentel,e cr:le mai conscrvittoilr,3 ale cr-rlturii spirituale.
    Absoluta mlijorilatr,: il rDcipientcllol luclate cu nlarna au lost rnodelale dintr-o pastd grosoland. l'ri-
    rLbrl[;;i pl'(]st fi'uirnentatS, ir)rrtinlncl dii,erse increcliente, intre ciLle gi cioburi pisate. D,oud castloane
    insi att 1'osrt executate din [,aitd mai f irLti ct-t pr.rfrnii $urnotd in texturd, avCnd sLrprafa{a r:xterioara lus-
    trLritd. Alte: c:ilevl lase,, re:llrf:zent;rl,e doar pdn cioburi, au f'ost realizate, clintr-o pastd clensh, cu nisrp
    ;r rnrcroprundrSuri in,.'c'rrrp:,::i!re. rmintincl de ceranricii lr-icratd lir loal.d din pastd zgrunfuroasii. Arde-
    relr este diel'icitltrd;;i tneo:'no-qenii. iar vasele au culoare diferitd, cenugiu-negncioasd sau brun-
    ciirirmizie pe cel,.: douI Fc'!,: pL ne9ri,]it)asii in sr:cfiune
    Re'pertoriul firrmeirtr cl:ramicii lucrate cu m0na r:uprinde ouie-borcan, cegti, vase-strecuratori qi
    \,,,\c l1t',nrr'r r rr\ni r,1l metale,lllr. PreCiziint CA din asgfiimentgl aCestei gfgpe, nU fac parte $i CEnrle, CUm
    ;rle qit lr socotit [: I{il<rnan. \/asul i;r-r torlrtf, din monniintul l0l, inclu:' de cercetdtorul amintitin cate-
    ilolia cerarnicii trroclelale crr rniLna. este confecfiorrat la loalir rapicl5 djntr-o pastd find, cu particule cle
    rnir--it in compiziiie. it ucclrrtr trntp, considerlm nu po deplin intemeiN.t[ delimitarea in r:adrul cerarni-
    c:ii luclate nranull a inci utrer lorrne - de cupri-pahar'. De fapt, E. Ril:matt a inglobat in seria cupelor
    c:iit"eva ulcck: q;t ;:lriar orLle rie dimensiuni medii, cr-r profile cliferire. In ceea ce ne prive:ite. lm soco{it
    rnru judiciolisd illlrdraroil r.rr:;elor resllective in cal.eg,.lria oalelor', degi nu r:xcludem posibilitatea folo-
    sirir unor ulc,ele ;a rec:ipie:n:e pentrtt bar;t.
    O:lle-lborcan. t\,Jeas;lii :ntegolie de lase prezintii o milre varjetal.e gi, dac6 am lua in considerare
    torrte amdnuhtel:, s-ll'pllte ;r spune cii aproape fiecate oal6 are o alta fortnd. In linii mali insd oalele
    lur;rate cu mAna,:[e la Buc[,:;ti pot [i incadrate lin cinci tipurl'
    7'lpril I (|ig l,l...i), ce | :nri bine reprezentat, cuprindc oalele cu corpul aproximaliv sf'eroidal qr
    tru;ta clreaptiL sau r[r;li'Antri :n e.r(terip{]r. Exemplarr: intregi sau intregibilie de acest tip s-au descoperlt
    in rrorrnintele 3t), 76. 8,0, 8!), 118, n36, 354.,,1an6[afele" 2 gi 5 gi intr-o groapd menajerd din agezare.
    Olrleie-boLctilt ci-t col-rpLrl g tbular lucrirte cu mana ocupl aproape tot ar,:alul necropolei, cxceptlnd
    2:olta cle sliLci-est, in ciiLre,: sc giisesc r:t-i preponci.eren!5 morminte de inhumirfie orientate V-E lipsite de
    ;
    tr\,enrirr (1g. -),r,r. tn rna.jr:rltzrtea lor, borcanele de tip, I sunt lipsite de ornament. Numai trei oale sunt
    o1'namcntatc. O,lalir, i-r\':inc ntargine a inalti gr evazatd gi fundul ugor rloncav, prezintd ca ornament pe
    intreaga suprafalii exteli,cl I striuri verticale lrase cu un instruinent ascufit dinfat (fig 1,3; agezale).
    ;\nalogir prentru iicesr ri3,ci[liernl in arealul cull.urii Sintana de N'Iureg-Cernjachov nu cunoa$tem deo-
    c,arndai.d. f]rr r1s de o fornrl asem;indtoare, avdnd ca decor benzi de linii incizate verticale qi oblice, a
    l,'oLurul / r\'. I )33

    l'ost sumnalal lntr-ur morrr,lirl sarmatic de tlngd l,rcali.atea Majaki (Grosu 1995, 114, frg. I,l2). Ti-
    nenr sd sublinii::r'n in iLcesl. cort.e)iI cd omarnentul d,: linii inciza.te'n'e:rticale realizate cu plepteneie este
    irr
    lrl ,r,,'rr,.,',ri
    :_,\.lrll(tl rrn'
    l(lt int:ilrril
    rtltrtirl 111 cr,rlt.rlt CelrrjlLChOv (CrlrlOttCeHq 1964,|282,284,t, deCOrUl respectiV filnd

    largl riispxindit'in :;clirrnb in rr gdiul cultur;r.l Przervorsk (Crrnronoerl'r 1959, 94-95; KyxapeHxo [980,
    31;.,1t11., clcuil orle sl'elolciL.le lr-icrate r.:u rrrlna de la Br-degti au cit,Jrnamente cdte patru protLrberan{e
    conir:r:. rlispirsr,::;i,r::retric. pr: r miir (mornrantul 135) sair pe g0t (t'ig. l,-i; mormintul 76). Butonir sau
    proeminen|ele: corrice sunt crr enl.e in ornarnentatilr ceuniicii clacicr: lur:rate cu mina dtn secolele an-
    icrioare. irr ,:ud.r'r.l cultulii Srint.rna-Llernjachov oale lu ornamente cle acr:st tel au mai iLparut 1a
    'I-ir1r;crr (DiaconuL lt)r5-5. pl r XI{I,3; CXLII,I). Aiexardnr Od.obesc;u (N{itre:a, Preda1966, fig.23,2),
    Indopenrlenta r.iLriCcm, fi;r. 2:3,.1), S;rantov (ibidem, fi_q.253,8) Za1adrvka (Puxrtau 1975.31-5. puc.
    38)si Biirlucl-\,/alr:i,r-Sieaci r.F'rLlade l9l:0, l'ig.5,2.1(i-17; idem 2:0C14. iig.4,:23).
    C)llr:le clc 1ip iipsrtc crl (t,r-n[]Jnent imita forma vaselor globul;rt'e lttct'ate la roatd din pasta
    zgrrrnrLlloaszi, fiir:rl e.xecutatt, nrtinclorerlnic. sub rnfln:nte gi dLrpii modelele ccramicit realizate cu
    rollta. Irr c:rlei: co pi"r,iegte clono,logiu oaielor cll cor?t i sferoiditl modelate cu mina de la Budegti,
    su13[inie.irr :ir:,,1r: s(] clatear.:r, t rc:lusii,'in firza tlrzie de functic,naire i] comp]exului, care corespunde,
    probat'ril. prirrer ,lti][]e a epu.rii stdp:inirii hunice (ultimLrl sfert al sec. IV - inceputul sec. V e.n.)
    ( \1oln ic I 999, l'l:! I 'i9. tab. )
    -,1'ipul
    ll1ligr. ...,1.-,5). Oalc.2,,,e,lte, cu cctrpul rotuniit, ar,'ind cliitmetrul ma:tim aproximativ la jumd-
    trterl liniltirriii 5i ru buza sinr:li incirrratir in afard. Din acest tip s-au descoperit cinci exemtrrlare, ?n-
    h-ee1i s;iru 1'r'lgrnenuLre , in monnintele !),91, 161,2C12 gr ,cenotitl'ul' 1. Lln va:; de acest tip are ca decor
    in jurul lr-rnd;lui urr ;ir d,: ir'tlrrcsiunt rea]izate cu degetul (fig. 1,6). D,: remarcat cd acest gen cle or-
    ntnlent r:ste binc clrnoscut cirr r:tlriLLnic;.1 dacici moderlirtd cu rtrina din peritlada mai veche" Oale lu-
    crat-e cu rrrinti. rle firrnti o,iotrlalri. decorate cu girrrri dr: alveclle (pllasate pe linia 1'undLrlui sau pe bu-
    zrt), :;-au, nrai r,te,r-r'rnirl.rt irr cc,rrtph:xul de a:ipect SAntanrt de MLlreg de la Birlad-Valea Seacd (Palade
    l9i;0, fig l,l(.tl llti)',')
    in alealul ncclr:rpolei de lit IJude;ti. oalele-borcan rle tip 2 sr"rnt raspindite intr-un sector din cen-
    t;r-'. 1-rirnir s,1trr: :ni'il,-rc:ul laturii de norcl-vesl (fig, 3,,l). Cet priveptr: ciatarea. l'asele din aceastd serte se
    ipt.:,rdreaza tIrI cr.i:eptie. in 'azu l-ir de e'r'olu[ie a cin itirului, proiectatd dt: noi ?n prima jumdtate a
    sec. l.'!' c. r. l \,rornrc 1999. 11:i-'t19, t:b. 1).
    '.t'iptrl :t ({'11,1. i.'i Oal,: prr lbrrre alungite. aviincldiarnetrul nraxim in ltrntdtatea supedoard a colpultti
    ).
    yi br,r:zri rdstrlrLtd in iLilrd. Ar-r f :rst descrtperile cinci e,xernrlare de, iices;t tip,, in nrormintele 28' 29,51,25O
    5t .i1.3: sr.int ncont;Lrr.rcntatt:. Ce le i:incl rlormintc cu oale-lrorcan cle tip
    3 irr inventar se afl6in marginea de
    nord a ngcropr:,let .l'jLSr. 3.3). rlr clin punct cle vedere crorro ogic se dltteazf, larg,]rc durata celor trei fttze de
    eyc,tutie;,i (:ollplrl;(.tlui (Vor.ni .:" lglL)9" [76, tab. 1). hnalcgii penllu acest tlp de borcan se gdsesc in com-
    plc.,rcle de la .l'iLlg.qror'(f)iacontr lL96-5, pl. I-,XV.3l [.X)O(,1; C].t,5), Biirlad-\'alea Seacd (Palade 1980;
    i'ig:. .'i 4: 19,2). Il'ii1,::eni (l>ad::,roFinq l()86,'ra6:r. XXXVII,10; -KL,lX,3: LIII,:;), Ballata (Pr'rxrvran 1988,
    plrc ll5) Pietrii; (2tl,tLhada;.a. 1:)62, iig" 5.2) qiRanZevoe (Curton:onlrq 1!)'/!), plrc. 21.9).
    'I-ipitl l inclitclc oale c,,Lr rntrgine il ai'cuita spre inlet'jor. In cuprinstll acestui tip pot fi stabilite
    trei varianLe:
    ,lcr (,1'iE:. 1.8'1. (jale prrililme scunde. ar,Anci diame rul marim'in jumdtatea superioiird a corpLrlui
    gr ftrnclLrl fflasr\, Dirr aceastii r,:r'ie s-au gasit trei exemp areintregt, in mormintele 6,66 $i22''t.
    ,1b (t'ig,,,l 9). (.rale ;.r'el[r] cu coLpul Lr:por bombat' ivind diarnctrul maxlm la mijlocul re(llplentu-
    lli gi ltinclrrl pllt sLu Llgc,l'c,.)frCcV. Cele clour[ vasc inc use in tipul 4b s-att descoperit in mormintele
    l3ll 9i 313.
    4c: (f ig. l.tl)
    Oala cu c,.)tpul sfer"oiclal aplatrzat gi t'unclul 1tlat, clescoperitEin morrnAntul 247.
    \iase cle it(-restici se intilfle:i,J frecvent. in meditle culturalc Przenorsk ((lurlouonu'i 1957, 15,18,
    pr.rc.:5,3),si '\\,'i,:l5irr!. (Kyr:a1 :ulco 1980,31, ra6:r. VIl,l;XV,4'l; XXlt,7)' In cadlul culturir SAntana
    d. \,lur,,n-',letrlj tr,:.;ho'i. oalc r:rocl,olale cu rnina avi)ncl rrarginelt trasd spre ittterior s-att mai semnaiat
    la '!'iltninr,-'vr,:lil.:t: r.Ctrntr-:,rr-,Buq 19r59, prrc. 5,:i-6), Gavrilol'ka (Csltvtottonu\ 1964, ptlc. -5,12)'
    Lep,e:;or.,kl (lJ{1,rrr.rn 1989). Ftic. 1,2..1 10.9), Ddnceni (Pacpa:roerrrq 1986, la6n. XVIII,3; XXIiI'6;
    X-X:X.1i)), BrirlaJ-\'alea ise,rrcil (Palacle 19130, fig. 17,1,)-),Cozitr (Ioni{li 1982, fig.29,39), Mihilaqent
    ($crr rLn l9!)9. ig,. 5 l) li Clutr:vka (Marouelos 1987, pI4c. 18,3)'
    f
    )_).t_
    _-_- Rcuista ArhetbClt!!-;!It9_!9!!

    {€r

    .l

    Fr;]-:lr1
    [l(,1 /,.'..,'fll
    'ti;'ul
    6 cnr

    lz
    l(l 11

    Fig. 1. Budegti. O:rle lucrate cu rnAna de tip 1 (1-3), 2 (4-6), 3 (7j, 4 (lj, \), 12) 9i 5 (10, 1 1)
    in planr-rl necropoiei rie lir Br:clegti, orrleie moclelirter cu m.lna at,ind mu-ginea tt'asl spre interior
    :ic corrcentreulrin zonit centt'iitir gi in sectcrLll de vest. Doar motmlntul 2,47 se aflii la periferia cie est
    it r:irnitintlLri (1;g. :.4) F{efetiiol la cronologre. notanr ci vasele der tip 4 se c{atezrzd in faza l-a qi la
    lncr;:lrrrtul fitz.et a i[-a dr.: exisient6 a necro]roler (Vcrnic 1999, 176. tatt. l). Tincm sh subliniern in
    ;icest,tonr-ert cri in rnarerA nec'opold cle tip Sintana c1.e fu{Lrreg de 1a Mihiildgeni (r-rd. Boto5ant) oaleie
    lrtrlciate cu mlina ,rviinrl rnai'j:inea tlrsd spre interior s;e dateazd exrllusiv in etapa tirnpurie de functi-
    )niLrc a complcrului ($ovan l.t99, 17, 20).
    'lipt,Li li (fi13. l.l0-lil.) Vi se cri corllLll crliniric rjau aproape ciiindric qi cii tnarginea clreaptl sau
    ,rpc,r' inclrnttir in a1;.rrir. <lin clle s-au gdsrt trei exerrrpllLre. in mormintele 122.268 9i ,,cenotafr-rl'' 1.
    Drtuii morntillc r:Lr vase cle air:st f-el se iLfla in partea cle: vest. iar unul in,:ea de est a necl'opolr:i (tig.
    ,1.5) llroLri clin re.cipientele cj Lndlrce $r altLlme exempltLrele din mc,lmAntLrl 122;i ,,cenotaful" 1 sunt
    ,lt'nalnentatc.{.nvirsesledecorltcLlploeminen{econi{l0sLtbmat'gine,clispuse incrr:ce(fig. I.l0),iat
    rliul ,:lr un ;ir rJe rl'r,coj,:: irlp'imate pre iirria fr-tnclului {iig. l,ll). AnaloEtii pentru'vasele ciirndl'ice de
    ii EiircleSti se sils,:sc ilrintrc clescol:,crtriie cie la'fiirggor (Draconu 11965, pl. CII,I), Ale;tandru
    )clohescu (N{i::r'ea. Pt'erJa l9 r(r, fig 231.6), Biirlacl-\ralea Seacd (Palade lt)80, fig. ,5,20: 20,1.3),
    l--holrnsllge (l-5r;1r<t.,ua, (p6y6g13,1 1984" pirc 23.15)gi 13iiltata (Pnxnratr 1988, pnc. lzl). Proi'enicnfii dii-
    ::icri r,r rrce stui tip dc oalit cste ,:r iclenti.
    'in c,.eu ce plrvcgtc r:rono,rtgia',,as;elot'ctlrndrice dr: 1a Budeqti, notdrn cit,:le se dateazd in faila I-a
    lc r:rrrlrrfre a cirritirului (\/ot'rtic 19t7\1,176. tab. 1)
    l)r.intre fr-a;rrnenteie c:enrrrice cle'rase lucrate cu miina se eviden!iazd un l'ttnd inelar de oalS con-
    Iectr1;rruj,i! ditrtr'-6 1.rltsi"i rft:nsr,r cr: nisip in compc,zitic, r:prezentind o imrtal.ie de Oali lucratf, la
    roatl
    i1,rg;. 3,gl locrri;r!a t0). Di:;pLrrrern pr tle un {'ra-ement cie la perefir unei
    crrile lucrate cti mitna realizatd
    rlin ;r,.:clasi tip de prsti. ru,Anc ca clecc,r'per um[r o incizie orizontalir gr aiveole dispuse oblic pe pafiea
    sLr;rciirxrrii a cory)Ltiui (iig 1,3: par;srm)

    [{-Ij

    -l----1\
    lll
    /Jl
    ,/
    h^

    {'"
    flvr.
    ()
    -

    s,a L
    ,^r \.\
    -i
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    ,4
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    H

    I*1 H

    LlJ s\ L-\J1 r)
    -: \J

    Fig, 2. Budegti Cr:ramrc?i lucratd cu marra'


    1'"'6
    R,:-t:i sI a Ar h c,9l pgyc a..!gff. lCai
    (-iegtiile (fi1l' 2,1:"1,1) suiit pLrtine:.
    S-itu cles,:ollelit cloar cloud c,xempiar.c, in mormiritele 227
    4t
    l'i-',,' {ln c)i.eln[)lllt'it til:;t 'o^osit clrepl. capac pe urr,ii, ial a]tui ca vlrs,Je ofrandf,,
    fii'cl depus la pi-
    crroal'e'ie cie'lsd1l1ul'ui','\nrele r'5sure sunt fafa tor'!i qi au marginea
    simpla, perefii oblici ;ii fu'rjul
    1ilat. Ccqti de lc:cs,t lir,:[ ;ir.L I'ost s'ernnalate gi in alte complexe cte, aspeit Sdntilna cle MLrreg-
    Ctrnlrtcho',;. culrn ilr 1i lil i:irlad-\./alea Seacii fPalaje 19t30, fig.4), Tiu.gi;or.(Draconr_r l9(r-5, pl.
    \zl-
    Il.l-lt. K'lLmeni'.a-A,ncel<titli t,N'lill'c,rr,:;1ee t987, puc.21),5), Snigir"e,vk,i 1Mu.unn.!os 19g7, prrc.
    :lir'7)' Ilnrc:':a (i'au. l\icu l!)82. .l i::, l'ig. 1,3.6) liLrletea (Rotalu l9i:i2.216. fig. 1,2) pi Furmanovka
    (( sru i)rroBl{q ir)EE. ttr,rc,. I +.1 t),
    in t'rpirria iiri E, FLiinri l, cc,sttlc it'onconice c1e la Buclegti sLurt de tri.,Lciilic cllcicd, fiind colsiclerare
    cit:pt "ttt intliciu al pi'e:r:ent':ri popula!ici geto-clacrce in sta{ir-rnea cje aici. Mentitrnarn in:;d cir in peri6a-
    drt antel'icat'd ct, ttlril 5iiint Lria cle XllLrri:q-C'elnjactroi rrcest riir cie vas; se int1inegte nLr numai in com-
    lllr:re ie gc:it,r-diir ice , i:i 1i i' i:ele srarr:la.tice. Prin uLrmare. originet ce;;tilor nLl iloate fi cdutata exclusiv
    I;L chc Si-iu:riu.ntiiti. ci l,i lrlrLrele popLrlir{ii dcopotivir.
    flastrorane, Celc patfL castl'oiine dt: coperite se incaclreaza irr iot atiitelr tipuli:
    '[t1tril ](,.l'tg. l.l;-{,.1)r"l:[r::
    r'epl'fZ(]ntiit de Lin ciLstfon 1i-;lgmenrlit SC:ult[], cie [ormd tronconicir. avanci
    nllirgittea d|eaptii. pi:r'e1ir tr:l:tiv olilici gr frlnJul piai S-a gasit hr mgntnlntul 88, undc a servit cirept
    ilt'ltd. \'LLsiti isi u.ise;;ter antllStir r-'r,r ce:lc desco.perrtr: in cir.lritielc: dc lr Dinceni (Pa(talc,eu,r 1986.
    iar5:r. LIIl.l). Prrvcl'noer {illirunrr;a 1966, 80. puc. ,1,21), Kotrlel'o ('Crrnroiloen,i 1979, prrc. 4.ll) pi
    K;.lmenl.:a Ani:ei;ralt ('lr{lur r:t,,r(lJon I9lj7. prrc. :15,1).
    7 tTtrtl ) (l'i-e 2,-l: 1..1). -.rrstlon tlo;-tct.lr.ric inalt, cu pe'relii arc:ui1i, buza evazztti gi fundLrl plat, tras
    l;1ll.ee:rtet.lcrt..S.;rc[r:l''::t,'1lctitinnri.llrlAntu]cieirtlrtltttatiei.Z6.Vlse
    r:tl cat itt slaiit ltilc c()t-ltc lporlnc irrrudite de lir Lepesor,ka (Ll[1'r:r.rH 1989. 203, pilc. 10,1),
    t-i;tvlilovl<:.r (llutlrrurta l!)r;6', [il. prri:. a,l) gi Kame n]la Andekr'.rk (Marolrelon 1987,1:,irc. 25.3).
    Ttptt|.1(tig2",1:.l:l)('-list'rrltl1.l.iLtltttr'lttll".dr-'ltlt.nlili.t]rI0xirn.]t.\'biitroncorricd,cLl:irne:lLii
    s; t'et't"icalr: De diame:1r'ul ti tr:rrn. i:u;r;L tesiti la orizontali;i furrrJul prlat; are suprnfala extenoari lus-
    lririti. A fos;t dclcopcrit'irt rrrolmiiri,ul ')-1. c:rre esre un n-rormilnt de ?nhumatre distrur; din vechime.
    ]]-,r'clcltlldatljl]t.t.]Liittla|telrl.nill0siidil.C:Ctei]entru;.ceSt\,i1S.i.inca:.;tr.lnintruciitva
    1lrl:l'ri;lLttctttt.ei1o,t1'ilr:'ll.itrsiil'idet:'tii'rclttinnCCrgrpOi:rc1eti;lCcrrr.1ach.-ri'c1elltGorodok(1al-lllle]1lln
    l!,87. nirc ."1:l I
    'l'iptrl 4: (.1'r;: .2.:i: 1,5 irrlg,rt'rcnt,: dintr-iln cil:;1.ron lustrrr;1. dc,sc,opcrite irr molmiintLrl 93. El
    l'I|.]pLretiil,urblrti,r-rrarglr:lll11,i
    r;ilrerjoririi a corpului: juirritater inlerioar';r lipse gtc. Vasele rie acerit iel apar extrem de rar in cuil-
    lriri,r llantaria tl: 14uri:5-t}:r';rjac'hr.rr' (Kosano,,,o (Kpanuelrro l':)6'7, ra6ir, l. i3) gi Zula,zliir
    (L r,rrrrorror,lirr 961, puc !),12).1. intirininclLr-se -nai 1i'ecvent iin nrediul cultural Wieibarir
    {Ii,1'raperrK(l 19ii(1.:;11,1[l) i]'otrivrl lLrr ir. I{ikman. -icest tip de cilstl"on este de provenienga ciacicd.
    ;\,,'rr ir-rsi. birzlrrclu-ne 1;,: iriralosiilr:: qirsite, consic.erlm cd lrtnbele (:astroane din rnormantLrl 93
    r; rtt cl,: tracli tr e r Lold i c ar.
    r-r

    \/;asele"strer:ur'5tori s-rfli rar,:, i:i-ir descopelrt cloar un l-r'ngment Jc futtd masiv, plat, cu c0teva
    r:ir.rri. dintr-tlrl \l-s-:iilecLifrilolre, dcsPre folrlu cdruii. nu putem spllnel nimic (fig. 2,7: locurnta i).
    Cl,reu:ze,tele sLlnt rerprr:rc'ittate pl:nlr-Lrn singur exempltr de dimt:nsruni mici, cLt cot-piil ovoidal,
    mrirginca tli.rsri lipr-c mtcri(rr;i cu frndLil plat (t'ig. 12,6; iocuin;it 1). Culoarea vdsu!ului este brun-
    clii.lmizie lr,:l ceiu tj,cua ler.t li cenuii,:-inchisi ?n siecriune. Clreuzete cle l11L, 1'olosite la topirea trronztt-
    lLri. au fost ser.r.rrrrlatt: ;i irr irlte a;e;liiri cle trp SAntiLna cle iV{irrr'5-(lerrrjlchcr. ('um ar fi spre c.xentplui
    (rcic clo la Eiirla l-\y'alcrL Sir:rrcd {Paiarle I98.i, 124--129)), Poienesti (Viripe 1953.2,19), lliptrer,'(Eapair
    [':] i,r-l., Ii7) 5i tr-e lresoirltt ( 1'u.xauoea 196-1, i 8'/ ).
    irL conclu.zir: rol,::rtirn rir crll'urnici-l rnoclelatf, cLl r.nanil clin stlfir-rnc,a de la Budegti sc leaql integral
    r1,: de:'copL:r'irile clrn iri'ta \r:stri:ii r.i c.rllLrrii Siintana cle Mure;-(-ernj.iclrov DLrpa cum am constittilt,
    nt;.joi'ttiltea (lo\/lr'$ilcrirrc a ipLu-ilor d: r'eciprente tJocumentate in &ge;{oreo gi necr-opo1a in disc:ufie 1'pi
    qril;esc anair,reii :iirccte in nai rnulie:omplexr: dc tip Sintana de, Mureq;, cunl ar fi sprc exemplu cele
    il,: la IJari;rrl-Valea Slc-lcriL. lipanfc,'i,,'Iiirggor, f)irrrceni q. a. Astl'el, sluc[iul detalrat al olinet, ca gi al
    celorlllte \,:stigiL de lt Ilr Jl;ni, irrfirnri categoric c'pint:r (Kyxapeuxo 1980,74-76) dupa cill"e acest
    r:ornnlcx s-tr inc udla in cr:Ll:Lrl cultur,ll Wielbark atribuit triLlr:rilor germanice.
    j3i

    tl
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    FiE.,4 13uclerq; i FlaspArrdir(ra cestilor (1)9i a c,tstroanelor iuc:rate cu rnAna de tip 1 (2),2t (3), 3
    (4t 9i 4 (.5) in a 1)it.lul ne,:rol,rolei.
    1'oltiir:rrl /. Yr. I __j39
    in cc,:i, cc pliv(:fte {rt'icin:a. sublinrern cA cel'amicir lLlcrate cLl rrana <lin aqezarea $i necroproia de
    lEiird.:5t']n()$1'cl1eil'c1ipcq:c,'LlcaZatrirttttiilclnlrimLlll()rgl.tll]tlI.1e1.llC-cLll!Llrlle,intleC[.eSe
    tr,izir c:,il Ltnel0 e Ic-nent{:r rpccrf'ice poiluilliiloi geto-dlrice, gcrmunlce $i slll'ttlatice. Vilsele rnoclelate
    r:r'llllt;.Liii.t.nei.'il.iild\/il]0a'Ic?.IJ;:a|ipiiisl'ticinc-lrciritti'lprcldLrseltli.Jesc]rimb'alrfostctrnfec:1-i<
    r.irlar Dc plan loc;.t1, l'.rcinrl do,ada prczcnter ce[[,] in st.aftLtnelt in discu{ie a diferitor glupuri cb qeto-
    rtaci. r;lott gi sarmati. ln lceialItimi). ilnsamblLrl descoperililor de la BudeSti ateste limpede prrezenta
    :'iailttt11c|rtasee]erneI1tc)l)fo\,trc:ial-t.tlrtiitieinci:ltut"
    .lOlii. lr.'t S'c i .:St i':ii.

    BIBLIoGFAi:'IE

    '\'. Cit'osu, Oit:ltr.tcntit:t ceranticrt slifllliltice, i\lem,{nt,c1 XX, 199-j. il2-l i?.
    i!9i:
    .irori.r
    )ta::l tLr 190:i: (jir. l)it,:onii. iurg:,r '. Neclrtl-roliL clr;t si:col:le ll-l\i e. n.(ljucure$l.i 196-5).
    .t,nitri l()E-l: I i rrriil,. I)in tst,.rriu.ci , ivilizafia dacrior liberi (lagr 1982).
    \iitr.r:,r. Prer.lli l()(:rr: B. lr'iitlr:;.r. f,l.l'er,ia. Necn'pole din ser:oiul al IV-leu irl Munlt:ni;i iBucurc:qti l!)66).

    Ii-::;j

    ')b-f . i:17-l.i3
    il1i..'6|,...}${-i'1:\ji,al;rr'lr:...\:;e:z;ttcli.lneci..lllolttle]lrBiirlld-\
    t{rrt;ti.r i9ll,l : \1 .liLrtultr. Ncrlol)()iii -hn secoli.l rl i\'-iea clt: la $r.rie en-\/aslui' Atr'llvl lil-iV. i)82..143-147'
    S,ivar.ii9!)9l{t.i',.$cr,u.tr,,.tlltlilitlgie.ie..iiitecrtl1lolcd.:i\{ihir1i;;eni.l].ounranie'In:DieS^n|ani|
    i'cln.lrrciror"- Kulttrr' (Ij,trnr:'. I i'!');. t-l-2 i
    l-aLr^ liir'Lt l!)r3l: si.-l'ilrr. ivl .llicri. S;ipiiulrlc cirI nc-:r'opoiri birituiiiri Je l.r Brrt'cea i.tucl.
    GrLlrli). \{CA XIX' l9iil. l7l-i79.
    \'()iriir' V. Vt.:Itl ,.:. ,r\;r:zlrfel it
    I9119: nc'::riltl.,l,L dl:: tip Slntlrna dr: \JLrles cle la tsLLdegtr (r'. CrrLuleni. Rep v-loiCovir) l.Tezil
    ile: tlr.',:ior.ut) IIlrsi j91,19l
    !r.ri1:r.: i9:i.i: i?, \ uilre . Sii;:,ir,t.riiie ,-l : la t)irierr,:sti rlin 1949 i\iC.\ i, 19-i j. 211-2-<:f .

    rtr.:iitr; {l'. Bririlul. r'eg. iaqrtl,i( .\ \'iII. i!,,61.591--597

    i ':)5.i)

    ii,:,r,.lr rei3.,,, 1i)l:0: ll.B. Kir.tpgni.:,r NjOl'lt.r;itltti [it"l.'c'r-fputuiiH 1\'{ocKsri 1980)

    ir).,1cril'r'bl I i l{rirlriraes i9(jl)

    \'locrlr.a 9 75 ).
    Mol ;t,tl'lltltrtt
    llrrr,.i,r 1r l9,Elj: A, l)irrty;1r. [)acr':r Lit.tl l\tolll-ll't{]lKiI tlelliltxollllli()l-() lijrla Ea-rri;i'r'r,i r,r I 9(r3- I964 r'r-. B c6:
    I
    tlcpt;nxottcirtlii t+,lul'r pr,r (i',iocxna i!)tit )' I i l-13:l
    'l u)lit:tc'iti.t llXl,i. N'l.A l'tt-rliilt;ea, l'actiOtliiti :la IlOceJlct{!ltr Il'l-l\'' Ire u r' y c..lettecouna B 195 ,r- 19-59 r . I A. 2' 196).
    [iiJ i9l.
    Lic{io r,rper
    1i1,;113lu-r.ur lil c6. i\1t.re,:t-tol itrt.tctille ricuirc;l(t,BaHtlrt u i!'lo.lt.l,ririlrr n l97i t-. (Kltuittten 1974)' 93-104'

    :'l'- I t)7
    [.bt \i ( )it L] t i: i{l

    r.\jlbi\'f)b (ivl()fi:tla l!lljSr'


    :t-i63. i"1

    L[|irirrrl].,'E():|v,]'B.Lll,yxirrr'|l,.lceeIttl,:.i]citei:.)gtiii:Be:rr,5apri
    r.jf.tc:sltl !'z\lllsKil'-L rl,trirlin l!tl )r. 195-1 Ii'
    Vlail Yorttit''
    lttstitutul dt:.,\rlreologie 5i [:'iltr.tgt,rtl'ia a! .4t'ttrit:trtici tie'$tiirrttt diti RM,
    rrt. 14iti.ttltplitrtl IJcitttrle.yr:LL-Bc.ttloni 35 XID 2l)t'., Clisinatt, Rcpttblic'u Nloldot'rt
    f:!0 f e_r-, i.s I ri,41A :plsCLLt1. r\gE-rylW
    t

    [Jt't t:onnplElr( FUNHFIAR cu AMFoRA HoMANA DtN sEc. lV oEscopERtr L/\ CANTEMTR

    Vlad \/ornic. Larisa Oiobanu, Chigirrdu

    .;i :tt u t!ottrt jttttttitti,t:: a:;t,(. !\, :.n.

    l)l(.)une tt ento.y.toit rtt.'.'io(JItt{( l\/ a rt t.

    rlrt trrtdllt attl tlte .;e(ont:.| lt,.t,!1 c.r IV ,,\.D,

    Glalie inlerr;e:lol rn\/e:;tigatii alhcologrce efectuate in penoadil prostbelicd sovieticd in nume-


    lo.rse agez,iri gi r:or-riplrxc funerare (tr.rmulr rpi nr:cr,rpole plane) dat0r:rd cljn diferite t:poci istorice.
    colectiile IVIr-rzer.rlui Inslrtr,.tului cle,t\rheologie gi Etnograf ie din Chigindu au acumulat o cantitirte
    impresionailtir clo cerarLir:.;.;i de di',,erse erltr: mate:iale cle importanlS gtiinlificd deosebitd pentru
    lLrheol,rgia l;i isi,rria ve,;h.: a Repr-rblicii Moldovrr. O bund parte <lin aceste vestigii au fost deja
    pLrblicate gi vallrifir:ate cl,n punct cle vedere qtiin!,fic de autorii siipiatulilor', aducAndu-se contri-
    burii insernnate la cLrnoa;tr:rea mui r.tplofundatd a trecutLrlui indepdrtat al tinutului nostru. in dife-
    nti: depozite akr lt4u,:eulu cle Arheologie gi Etnoglafie insd se pdstrezd incd un volum apreciabil
    cle trrterfacte: rnerlite, otrlinr.rtr: atit plirr sdp[tun cit gi fortuit, c;are ilbia urmeazd af : prelucrate qr
    pr,ibl icrte rJc ccr- etril rlri.
    141
    :'pt,qrit!.1, iY,,, ,l --
    in iie tiafii ne l)rr:unent sii pj'ezentAm datele prrvrnd o serio de rnateriale, printre care se
    ar,.icoIr,rl
    :lL1.ni'y.'l gl o arnfori,r rgrtllnii ;Je rmpolt. pl'ovenite clintr-un mormiLnt descOperit intimplatol'in
    anttl
    19','li in r.uz:r gr':i5e lLrlLri Clant:mir. Dir: plcate. r-lLl ittri pLltLlt i'ifia Jrini in prezenl locLrl ;i conclitirle
    scopelilea fespectiva. Dupii clte se pare,'insi, motrnintul a {'5ctt.t parte
    _r.\,t(t;c in car,: i.i iolil_ firrrt-rlI ce
    din 1sr:ro1r,rl1 <ie ti 1:, Sfurrrnrr re N4urc$-Cr:rnjachor, iclcntrl'icatd in a.nul l9r8B cie cirtre clr, Ion T':ittit'lcr
    ;[r ,a,,.:itzilt cfcctLriu'ii in z,orti a l.lnol'ccr'(:etairl cle s.rprafalir. Necropo]l la care ne referim este situatd la
    clisr:rirrla ric circa 4-)0 nr spre nord-vesi cle or. Cantemir :;i la 200 m spt'e est de riiul Prul,
    pe ttr] pro-
    llon1oiir,r al tei'r5er lnl'erir.rarc r;tingr rr riulLri. CirrritirLii ttcltpit o arie de circa li0 x -100 m, snprafa!a lui
    ].!ir](j'|.]Ll]ti\riltiiirii'i)1.0pie|1-er.l.,nect.o1:,t.,lA.inparleae,ideeSt.pftL'i.ilSitsLtpe't.itrtri
    i) iigi.:r,rnrc c.e ti[) liiintarir <te l,lrrre;-Lier';riuc]iov, semriali.tiin anul l!]Sil de dr. [rab. Ettgen Sava
    i.)fet'1rr lr cr.lr1.llti1{rc dr:;criet1c1-t si attaliza cilriccierlor (in nttmlr d,: -58) apar'!inind inl'errti'li'u]ur
    ilgrLn;jniulr,ii clescgDer-i1 lu (-'l,ntemir iri 1!,)7E, obiect,i c3 se pirstreazd ast:121 in lbndurile Vluzeulr'ri
    de
    ,\r'hr:ologic ;i l-ttrcr.ilri'ic r-iin .lhi;inaLt
    l-5,1. C.ljci.ulciii.Ltil cit:r 5-l cle nrirg,elc cle sticlir. lrpiiftinind la ttt'mitoareic trpiiri:49
    rrldrgele
    sl'e:r.i,JirLle. nrici, cu dianletl1rt cie
    (1,3-0."1 crrr, clc sticlii cie culoare ltlrcrrilz (fig. 1,1-49): tl'ei mirge-
    le sler-oicl.le mrci, cr.r,:l'iarnt:tru1 cie 0.3-0,4 crn, de strcli borcio-r'iolacee, care datoritl ilizarii
    a
    incrustatd
    clilrit't r.el.le x0 -ir-ir,inliL (.irg. 1,50-52); o mirgi;d sfcricd. aplatizi.rti, cle sticld neagrd ct.t

    p,.r:;r i: d.ilcor'l c:i ::onstI dln irer liniiin zig'zuP^, clintle ctre
    itna (din rlrjloc) cle cuioar"e gi-llbeni,
    accentuilt aplrltiz-ati,
    rar .lrLru r.o; i. 11arnei,r"LrL,. i,!) crn (lig. 1.541: o rniir'g1ica de fornri sferoidald.
    cie r;tir::ll neiLgr.i. lrr'lnrl ca rJi.c:or tr"c. "o,:!.ri" r'ogii 1l-ei'dzuli cu ciire
    trei puncte galbene; dj arnetrul
    -- l J cm (f i11. l.'s.l ).
    doLrI registre dc inlltinie clt-
    :i5. pLrsuirtlir cjr.: lr.rt ars d.r l'urnrir bitrc,nconic[. asinretricir, avinclcele
    lcritli, iu:.1:'rzcle, tur:-r nlhiatir :;i llta plntiL. ingusti; er;tc moclclltA clintl-o pasld flnl
    cenugie 9i acopefi-
    2'5 cnl, diarnett'ul milxim de 3'E crn
    tii cr. r-u-r stpt de a-rgclbr,r brur -cenuqic, lLrstruitd; are inirltimea de
    1,1 ,Jt;,Ltnel.t't-tl orilir-:
    ttiLti rje I crn (f i,g' I ,55)'
    mlrrginea ptttcrnic I'eisl'r'ln-
    :j6. ijtr.a.:lir'a r.le lrr.pri rcne;irl trr:nctrnica. cu ume:ni abia cviden!rlr{1.
    avlind peretii r;operrti
    tli iir r:xier.iclr gi iundLrl ineiir:este execr,rtatl la rolLt:,r din pasta find cenuqie,
    este inalti de ,3 cm ;i ar': riiame-
    atiir lri cxter.ior-ciit gr lir inter-r,)L L'Lr ul.r slip cenLrs;ir,r inr;iris, lustrr-rit;
    1ruLl ,lltrti cte 2-Z.l c:ll il'is. 1,5'7)
    57. Cirrjli 1'r-rrgmcnt;lrrr cLi o lt,r're ciin inlrgrne :ii toafta lipsd
    (rupte clin r"echimc'l): lll'e cof-
    evazati Ei l'undr'rl inelar-:
    pul Ditronc,,r,i., gitr'll :riirir |tc, pr,ttin ntai ,.l,nJ clecrit corpul, bttza'Llrior
    bandd ovali ('l) irt seclt-
    to,rtil. cilr-e Sr: p'ncleu cr-r cl gratul clc jr:r:i cle unrar. a fost moclelatd dirltr-rl
    uric. ,,,irs,ul e:ste lur.:rat la rorrtli clin pastir relatrv finh.':u
    iiricele de nirsip 9; calcar in grlmpozrlie' lli
    spre negrul sr-rprafafa cxteritlat'it este
    lrsir reducir:.r. oirlinind o crlloale cenupiu-inchisii, rnai mult
    iListt.uitir,. l'irfll a [rrezentil in:;it l-tt'me cle angoba; a|e
    inirllimea cle 10,-5'cnr qi tliametrul muxlni de
    !t,5 cn.t ifig. t,56't

    I
    l,,l,.Lltu'-,llrr gi 1:,: eceastii crle illri clt irtn -1'ctrtiu( pelltlLl intbrmrliirofet'iti'
    .ir,1..,"ltlitl.laIlti,ilr11)E8.l.)cLll1()|'ii

    l,est.rltli'ltliti1i1.iL1i)]ilsc..lslltIurnrniLtt-tI:tortniitt
    let)r{]c.|sclreletulerlitltierttl.it('l-l1Jit!Lll
    iui.F,ieseci:itl.,ertlt't1edirrreirsjLlrinlici.l..|lrnlf1'irnrgele'
    Nlii':l'lccX\jltlsins:ri:ltrl(rtI-ttlilltu

    dir l..llhr-ii , Di:st ricter reclPtclltellt' se piezinti astlel:


    I (.'anii lttt:rlit;t
    il"iric-iiiiati.s.:'pI.irli'|ecti|''lt]c'l|,)lt.legit,.arct'rcel[ill1
    ]L.lrirtlnlttliict]gL|i'|trrlollitalui'rata]lr,:atidirrpastlicir.[rnizie
    .i.rtpttls|.errlrcliti.;l;ltuli.liiI.test.rlld9itrllrrta1rrirrscu
    lutttetrttl mltrim I 1 .5 cm'
    in rnli niu]te necropole din sec' IV e n ' precllm cele de _r [Janccn
    I I

    -,rn1[p,Jlrui caniie i;t glir.r. analog:ii itp,r'o1li'te


    rMitrcir' Illeda 19(16.
    (Ptrr<irrau 19tr7' prrc llS'6; '14'10)' Sllarrf.v
    (f,;'l.r:'rouu.r 19186.'ratr-q.iXXIV, +; Xt-tt, l{}), Ilude;ti
    (ibidem' tig t90'4; 210'7) etc'' pledlnd clar pentru
    fig. 16..1r ,70. I I, Indipenrl.:ntir (rlriclen. fig. 10r5.-5; 146,1),lzt'crul
    rt,i, ,ui,..," c.t;lplc:tulrli c:rlru.ii Sirltltn;r de lvlure;-Ccrnjl:chor"
    )42
    _ _ __B S!'].tl:t Ar tl! o t pt\9_Q __$ crit JLo n)
    O,3 C C O OO. O Or',, O 1]oo O-(!, /^.- ---^

    0 {l rf O O rJ,Or)if
    1\//
    {ri\i 1n l
    \'..}1 \ v
    \J* --\,/'
    y ,trJI)
    vD!_ \=Yl
    rrA
    O Oo OC OO O:{O
    5--3

    51
    O (l O r) O :_) r,l, (,i C) C) C 1; O(f O
    e:G)

    I -- 41)
    (f rl Cr:c)
    50*52

    (-'=tl'=r:)
    1\'\,.
    t .rr..LI__l/
    L/" I

    I ,,-'---'.*--.-,.. I

    tr'z''r'''---\"rt, l

    li' r.l, \l
    \, 't,. \''l
    \\\t'l
    /" ,l
    t,, - .-.-./ ,l'
    't--..-.-..--"
    --
    :lf

    5('

    58
    Fitt 1. C,anterrir. l'"4argeler cle rsticla (1-54), 1'useiola der !ut (55) vasr: lucrate la roata din pasta fi-
    na i5{3, Ii7) gi arrrf cra rornana ri58).

    5ti. Anrford rotniLnri lirrgmentlrrE, cu partea superioard a gAtLilui lLps;i: are corpul pirifolrn alungit,
    acr,rperit cu cancJuri Lr$(i),irr('. gitul irri:rlt;i ingust, iar fundulprofilat, pe suport tnelar; tortile, ovoiclale
    in secliunc, cLr;linfuiri Ic,niriiudinale, se pnncleau cu un capdt cic git, irr cu celSlalt de umf,r; este lr:-
    r:ratd la roatd, drn pastl r,cr;:-1.16lbuic, zsllunturoasd, cu particule rnaronri gi negre ?n conrpozitie: la ba-
    )1 t)
    1.1

    2:,r g;it.ului fe;:il)ic:ttLil l)rc:z.il"rtii ,-) i.iisClip1"i,,r (rl \opsei.i losiL- Coilstlrrd din'.lei iilere grccegti (ir f si n)
    t1jSl}.'lsr::irrc1t;liit.lilldLl:rtl
    iitiiili:t'rctL inli:iirl,.i ii1'--l-,fi ,;rrr 1 ldlrlnea dt .1 cni: viisrLl, in stit rce c;ire s-it pitstrat, are in[lfimea de i9
    i:nl" iiiurn,:rnii ;r:ii:til"ri;11 ,;or-pr..l"ii crs 22::m si ciianrett'ul picrot'LrlLti ric 7 cnt (iig. 1,58).
    illsfl'pclinic pruz.crrtrit: tr;.ri sLts.t'-, fost flcule iittiilplirt,:l', ilri dateic re lerttrllire la cai'actelistici-
    ll:c:rltllllt.iull'tictinCil.f|)]-()\'i].tlipsesullp1.\)!ti)eclcrm1liet,In|lCiLiicilll,ell1'al
    ]r:irle:',itli'.,)n5;Cinliiii-clcltt[..'t1lt.'t
    1rL:l.tt?Il])l7[ilr(',Lttllcnrir..rlr:1ircli]feci;.lI|,riciniicat.ti1l,l11n
    iie,.'i'iI.l:'L.i',;ii|jilr1Liil':i.:lg].cit.5ii't,asclcrtclclLttfeCupcl'ateinicic.rpiesiituprcZlntiurrlede
    1rilli1icitlt.'ict..L:|ciil]].Li.t|]i]:l:!l].,-'jtltlltei.iaieleJlt"or'inditttr.-Lrnrll;t.niiirteinhlllnll!
    :ij\l.],ll'iJir|.iitrttr.lt.i-rriit-'t;|i1):(';/.-litlliltnlril.ll-l'lnt
    1i.r ,:li r,ie l'Lr nt .ti! li losl. t,r l)rl t'sori -,it {.i€: sei icrrtirtirt.
    l:l.ci'cr,rLlt llt JSlle,c{Ll I (:.Ltir.ituri. exiii.iirniu'ca fie ciriar';i st.lmat'ii a mlttetialelor at'heologice cle la
    t.]liirr.:intitc.l.:llicp1.:t|r::11'fsiii.tbultri.-.oiir1llexLiilunt:r.llrdincltfeelepr{iViritlllttllii
    ].].j.r[-.''iti't,:h,tr.}:,enti.til'tL';]iISitini:adr.'irc
    rr.ltl.l-LL .lbi,:cir:lc cie ili (.llrr;tc;rll iit nriii litLtite cinlitire ciitl scc. IV 'ier iispeot -(iinianlt dc h{ure5'
    ,\ii1cl. rilijfgr.rleic: ,.lrn ltrr:.i;r sticlol:,a. lLtirt ccie sl'erordali: it-tici, cit ;i ccle ctr tidcor iltcruslitt. se
    'ncercltl'clL clc I e]lLlizli lrnalogiiJ.: cu 1,'teseie nolstre. Cit
    t:ri1 ,li1-rirt:ri,, inc,-it cr.,ns,idel'iu" si.l1;erf ir-t;i

    irc yi tLrr ;rrbli'e" tlin nttt'drri l)Lrnlrii pc cltlcl schitnL'rtt'tlot'come;t'ciiile


    i-;t.li'iri lir;.,opitLil.rL:ilr: "1
    ()1i.,l,ll,:til:tltri,.ii'lii]iciiiLl:tiitl;.'itirr.l'lnlit.qelel,:elt:st;cliesteincaclrar:l[clr
    rr !:. Kcller', tnlirgclelc .;I'el'o.iliit int:lirsirte cu pastd din tlecropolcle t-oinane lal'z:ii din cupr:nsul
    llt.it.,,il;.':lii.lt.]:);.Llrrt.:rrlt.Fl.lL<:till;i},jilrlcitnrs,ec1itteazI
    rh'i:licr i)jt. ()'.2r41. i;-ri ,::e lc ,;t'c1i;idltle mici lipsitc cie d6col incritstiit - in lrcjmeir mi3iocie 1!iacLi-
    i.lit'C.;1rcc1ir'il|ritlcnr.8.r-l.)r).\pt,':x.itt:[i
    .rr lt-r:ii ir,:aclr.u,c cir: liiilc f, Pr*ii.a ;i rnirIgclele de: slicli. sfcrotdille tnic;i c!in necropol;r l'ollrirllr)-
    |||/'Li..\|nl-r.;iel:-rC,llilttiE','[),'el-il't
    i iriLi j iili ri -
    1

    .r:',-'r".;ri :., .\ 1ii-lri,::t'. ii ,'.


    r,rirgc,ieir-r'rie trpr.rl creiol dc la Ciintemit'cjin rnecliul cLlitutii Santa.na de
    i{.:f',:.r-rtc,:.ir-i i,r'ololi-,gir.i.
    l,-JLtlr.t::i'{.,.:i.t.l.1l't.:hol'.ttprllitlrieie
    :rsiij s,-rsiillr:a cie clgrrt-rlr.{ia rorriiini*ior cu astfei cle rnd;'gele in inYentar clin nccropoiele clc la
    l.lir..::5r:r';;:I3l.ti'[c'sti.'r\,s1l.'.:]
    l.;.r^.li-iilltill:li'.tl1icii]jt0l.;-i.]i.'cl]i;|l,-,.)ciiiinriincrtlStiIteiripul8,ritrpl.I.lonl!a;ar-iapdrut,
    tir:.illj'lli.}i.l-}-t.i.|..():Ja|at'tit-ti.irz,l-i
    I ). {,''rnsr",ir:liim :;i rlirL:r e sl'eroiilale: rnici de sticia nli au fost id:ntific:ate itt necrr;Ptiia de
    la
    luir
    r'.jr.g)rr,r.. i;r ;::lrin-ib, rrr.r<iolrb:l; r]e iicest Iip sLln'r L,rne reprezeritatrr in. cintitir"ul de
    la Eiudeqti. f iirrti da-
    rate iirLiic.icirrs;ir in iir.rzu trlr.rr,: (u III-a rle cl'olufie allolrple\ulul (\/crrlic 1999,175 ll9,
    tab' 1;' Clit
    ?n morn-riitte datlnd
    irrj','e ste ltr.ir-rlrielc i,f{r-ciiii}le,)i.l .lacc}r'ineriistitt <le llL Bude;li, aceslea au aplrut
    ilin {:i;ici'-'li i[-l;i a i]i-rt r,Le ci,riuiie I itectopoiei (lblde m).
    l'iniil.ru::criuhii clt,: cLrrclc 'rlc,r'!i.c tk cii:s;ollcnrile cli ;r conrple;tclil rorlafle 5i din riccrtopolelc:
    tje la
    (lanternir dirr medl Lrl cltltr-rrir
    r-ri,u;,.r,. 1r lrrrclc.rlti. l'i lar-r.r cr,-rlolr)gia rlargelelcrr dr: tiirr,ri ci:lot-de la
    -i

    li,tltlrllL r.ir: h,{rl'C:j ia trrillocul :;iin l.i ilCtliirs.itnStale a St]C. iV c.n.


    .r;lst:ie ciiri paslir fini cenu;ic ciin r;rot'rulntui de la Cant'::itlir', llrebu-
    ii-r c,i,.,,,-rr llr.iver:c l''u:iili{. lr;i
    lfl]Li]li''.llC.jeict,tiil|"decet.i'if.,li;tt-tl
    iL|C|.i,'i1::.itli:je,;ll.lrea'afet.cnid,r]r|.lCLilT1bine:se5tie,l-:sittoiel::dclittars
    .,,cnlrl ,in ciicil.ril ,:r-ilturii Silrit,rr,r cic N{riieg--eriijlchor,, neliirsind dir nici o aiezare sau nccrop(lti ill-
    i-'u l'e-
    ,,r.tst.i!riri.ai rrrii nttt:ns
    ltrin slil:,riluri Ce r nr,ri nLlltterc),.rsc sLln, fllsaiolelc'Jc {'ormi biti'onconici
    rrrsir,:,: rk riirlersi,r,:r,,g,,le;i baz:cie albiate. Nu iillsesc din dc-scttperiri in:;i.i nlci t'usatolcie
    rlc' alte

    tipirr. rn;lusrr er,eing,iar.i, de tirrnriL celei cl: ia Clrntcrnir'. Asit'el, l'ltsaiole bitrcinconice cLl o bazii plittl
    :;i rril;i i-crrrcrrr,:i iru l'o:;r:1er)-ur;r lrte in statirinile cie la Iliii"lacl-'u'iiiee Seitcli (Prlade 20Ct4, fig.2,-?,'20,:t".
    l ,1r R-r isla .Lit.',l"j,ri. iirlit nur,.l

    :;0.1:10.1.-i), Drin,cerrr {Pa{ra,rour.r.r l9llri. rrf:r. XVIII,5) Mior.cani (lonitii i974.8S. f-is.3.8t,
    Oscliv'k.l (liitttur-ittrar r988,2tr.2t 42.6.3);;i I{ipncv (6apar{ 196..f. puc. 1.71;, Estr: intere:;ant cle corr-
    se nln,lt cri lttsr"ttoli: dr'lcest txp iiul fost rdentifir:;rte
    5i itr unele alezifi din ciroca romand de tip Etulia
    clin suclui s;ratiriltr;r il,' r(,-nisrlr-rrn. cLrnr ar fi sple exemplu,ia Ctilmichioi il-y:rxona 19!)g.29(r. pHc.
    :!")..2.'t). Ditt prurLct tle' ','edere croncllogrc, picse l: drn ace:rsti categoltc se dateazi iarg, in cLlrsui scc.
    lf{-l\i t:.rr. \lc,tit:n toti-rii cit in ttecroirola ele la }:ude;ti fusaiolele c,le tut de forrnir lritronconicri cr-r biL-
    zc'lc llb,iate i-iu a;riir-ut ,:u o s,inqulir cxceptie . ht rnornrintc clataiein pr.lna etapa de i'unctronaLe a cotrr-
    plertului. cctesDunziitr;rrc primetlLrrnata!'i ;i sec IV e.n, (Vttrnic 1999. 1975-1979. tah. I ).
    R.e lelitlr llt lr:'le tlotti recrpre,rte luc;';rte: lr, r'o:rtir ciln pastir frrri pror,'enitc din moiinlntul cle care
    lr(: rltl"r;)[iut. tt.,3btur::r-:lrliniat e ri elc iqr griscsl analo_9ii clin rbundenld in itbicctivi)]e cilltLirii Sintana
    cl|tlir4ttr'.:$_Cc:l.njllchcli.i\stfel'|ot.tl-tlic1esi.rl.tc:lii,ll
    llrrrt n c\, i(le rtiati " rrr,,li r
    5iinril;'it-t-t..Ll|.lii'l].]it[|1|:i.tlii9c;litt.ile;ittei:rilptli,:lei1ctipSiltllnll
    {]}r1.t)ilpr:in,'je:al'l.:Cllr1liexexplr:iittplirlsirpl1tl-rl.l.\etell'lllll|1rll
    ct'opoie :lliirlacl-'\"rriir',: jcacir (Pallcle 200,+, l'ie. r00.3-.i: 1311.3: 17.5,(i: 215,2)" lludegti (Prixvas l9{rr.
    f-'irl:. I i.6: l,l..,l: l.f 3: 1s :;1. I-ir'-ssor' {l)ii.iconu l9(r5. I-,),(XXI 4: LXXX.(li,l: tr-X}lX\/I.::l
    i..iX:{VIII -i-4: X.C-l\,.11 flt.l:, (.i1.-1; C\,'Itr.2; CXXIII.I: Ionrti 1986. -17. Ab l{-l,l), Mihrilir;errr
    (Sovrrn I )t)c. i:;.17. irg 1r..3-:i). IaSi-Nicolrna (lonrii 19"15. t'i_g 9"6-7), Dinccni (Pa{-ranonuq i9E(,,
    rr6r XXIIt-5, XX.l\,.;f); \{'1/.-5, 7; XXX.7: XXXXIl,ll t-\'II.l.4). L'elnjruhor'(lic'rpr:rs l9(i.1. r)1.
    prrc. -r!"r1. .2(-; (r,1. I I i. I,Iirslo',,r:r illc'rpos l9(r.li. r54,1-i-i, l]rrc. 13.27: irl,l(i)etc. Cit prlveSte incaclrir-
    I.i.)"Icl.On0l(]':itir.-qtr.lr.:i.ini!;detipuiceleiclell(]iinten,rit.Sed[tteaZii.inlilrijtnari,ittct'ti.su|st:i:tr|;.]l.l
    Irl i'\/-lca e.rr. (.lr cron(,tl:lqic a. k,t'ntli eractii nLi ii putlt fi ?ncri f:x:itii.
    Cel cle lrl cloil,rlL \',rs Itrcitl ll roata clin pls,ii l'irri ,-1iii irrolniiintu] ,Je lu Canteinrr aiut in cirscirti,--
    este o Lirl.]i,,lc ciirncn-.iuili rnii:i..-u gitul ciiinC|ic 5i coqrul bitloncOl-,ic" fornrh ci: i;i rirse;tc c(')ic:i-
    p,.rnr.1etll.elcttpreclii1t:t,.in'lIrlltves1rcaitcLilturjiSantitir.tcir:l.1.Ll.,.:y-C'ern-jirt.htlv.CL1li1l
    p1,; l;r []irll:l \iric.r l'i,.:r.ii:li ,'Pirlrci,-' 2{)U.1. f i3,. 19.5; 41.-lii: ll7i.1: 292.2). \'lihdlriyenr ($or'.rn 199!t.
    l(. iE. I'r;1. tr..,:). Sipulr.ali, 1!''iit,i'e:u. Plcdr 19ri{;. fig. ,?0.11, 'fiir'3.;or (Diaconii 1!t55. pl X-XXVil.Ei.
    1..{XII l: X(]'ri Il,.:i):ir ltrulnlirnr:;r'k;r (C-i.lrrorroeri.r t98E Fi:r:. 5.Ei; ld,i4). i]ite do:d citnile cLi cll'itt'l
    trt1L.tnr:rlniClt',,itt"riliin:l-'1l'iitu|l;,i.Ltlitl.tai.tll)it-.llllnllj
    cir: ia BLrcler,ti iPnr.,ri.ruLrr 1'){i'7" piic,20.l:,1-5.1,) ;i Cs*iivi..ri (litit..tI-it{}trt i9E6. r'a6:r.25,.'\.1:26.5.21
    Eis|cintclc-(l.|ilid.,31.r]lr;'lfCiilciilaBLrclegti;-Ln-iinJouireirnltt]lC.xLl;lilrtlt
    I...tzltclt.f].ll-}Cti,:,nit].,J:l'cimii'irLllrtt.1lt.oiei--i.iLtIcl:nrli
    1;'-;.1.1i). ter. l) (-c['tici
    siilrrli.,tsl'c'ilii'l:C.Litli.IiIi1.i.lzlitint1lt-tt.icl.iliitit'l"tiinfitzatIliilclcicc
    l!i8(r. :00.1 f,. r'.rl'r I r [:,s1c ir-liltoliant cic subliniut cir itnul tlin ntornrittteL: cLl cdrl !e clc tipLil c:lci cie
    lli Clanli:l1ti rl n n,,'.-r(r;ol;r cle ia T:u-gpor cr'rn1inca, plintrr: aitele. dr;,ua fibule iie birlnz cLi lliciori.il il-r-
    fr,L;1r'irt rii rcsorllil Irrn,r lt,cnrl rlin r-louirl.Lniti clt sit'mi (I)ilic,,tttu 1965. 6l l.+7. pl. XCVII). Ii asoc'ie'-
    t.r::eLli.lbuleltr''irnrJpir-.i-lt"lt1itl}.;t:;i-tl.lr
    cisi re :5i .--el,: dor-rii c;i,rite cu:.riLlir I cjlirrrlrrc 5i .:or"pr-ri bitt',:ncoiric dirl trei:iopola rle la Frltr'tttltnot'ltit
    (,[ r,rrrorroel r,r l9[iti- Jlt.r:. .5: l,l),
    'fiitu cir f ibr,rir; rii i)ii toiLri ini'ir;Lit"ut:;i iesoltul preiLrng :ste reiatir hine datat. Cct llliri multi si:re -
    cr:rii;ti1li:Ls.:ii;,lii'lirltlr:j:ce.ltci:stfe-lias1'1r.;ilttisr.lco!r'tl
    t \' - leli i r\ rti-ipr.1 j

    frrr r:tli1r,:t i-l r.)Lla lr.rijtill'1i SiintrLna de N'lLireg-Ccr-n,irichor'. rjlLlltlit'C:tiii'zir-i;r Cr-,


    (loniia 1991. 82).
    in irnctie cic, inrlir:ttiilc c:lilnolcrgice olerit:: cle fihr.ile 5i lltc elctnr:nte, canitele cu corpLil ilitron-
    c11ic si giirrl cilirrch':r' r:[n ne,Ji'opole le rle llL ltrlrn.lilrovka. f ir'1,;yol' pr Brrclcstr s-ar plltsti in tinip iir
    p:.irrrli1ltnliiltr:i|s](](:,'.|j|'}lLliI\',:,l.1,OperillaclZrrirtittnatinrleiirngaiirinshatt|ost?ntrebuitt1le
    cle ripul cel:i cic- iir Cr ntem,r j'n nr.u-ilc stiitruni SCntana ck: l\{ule; cle la N'Iihdl59e:ni 9i )-}arla,J-Valcl
    St.ltc:t.,Pcltri,,illc,bs;et...'l.itiilrrr]uiO.$tri'li,:t,innr:croptl]adr:iaN{ihirli;en].c'lrni!ell:scitncleclcol.pt:l1
    bitr-,lnconic :;i giriul u:i,.)l.afcLlit (trpul 1a) au lt'rr;t clepuse in tnorntinle in toltte cele trei i';ize de, func'tl-
    o111l"e 1cgrnltl,:xLrtlni rrr-lici dc la sfirgitiil sec:c'iuiLri lrl III-lel pir,i la inceputul secolr-llui al V-lee
    ($or.,;rn lt)9!1. 16.18,::()) l\!rror.jrnlLtiv in ucela"q diapazon cronc:'Jclsic. sfiir;itrrl secolLliLli al II[-ie;r -
    )+")

    il"..l.l:,,tiiiiit;':...'i.llltlitjili.ii-lt.ir,sei'ncac]:.ez1;icilnit
    hia:;t;.i1ii-lnc i-i,t lip liiinii,nu,l..)\lLn.e; clc la ilirilacl-\,Ialca Sclrci. Aceastd
    riatare este aslqllrata cle:ro_
    n{]|i0q1il:tl,I]D]{:]),el(;ti:lct.t1,.,Il:i|''llC:ii'clt.ii
    nr. l[! clre 'or]1lniJ,l." .tl itttti t cic aitc mater-iilic. i'lr cinite {r-alrnc:nt1re
    ;i cute
    li]i.ittlr:tttit-l;ji]lIl'ellZli'peil:,z''iuncli.j|ritl,-,-'itpoi.lituI.afltinalti?rf;izitti.lrpirr.ie
    c1e tipu!
    i1s 1,, ce lr:,i

    :llill I'xii0t l.r s;l'iLr;itul secoiLrii.ti ai III ieu i:.n. iPalade:004,6-?":l:t). prinire compl:xcle
    cele .-'ai t,r-
    ,zt:r i.'it (li=lniil in inVr:lll:tt'cliI rtecrlpcir clc la Biirlarl \"alerr Strltcd
    cstcle nrcntlr:)l.ti,it rnor-ililn:ul -541.
    t--;|ii'];-.tipt.il.lcjtlillttil\'l.'.l-[i-ll.1Llltt.l-cl:'c,':l;i
    ].|i(.)it(,]].t]:.l.Zi.lleilitZiltInuirrltl.ltrclt,StiL:j.rC
    irlr.Lr;ir :1; :'rrrrr,lir:;,r.irr pr;-r'ur e't;.pa:i ent.ri:ii stipinir.ii irunice ([-ae,orrr-yrrrrr 199!). -5(r,57).
    -,:\1llt..iltt.li1lrilr..l,:lclittilit.,lgiitr.i]cilirril;.ic;lcotpitlbitrtlrictlnir:c1inlLt|lurliSiintltla

    licl;t1.ejcliltlll.ititi|it.tiill-nill.i]liiciliieilzitlill1lriltll.l.jLrm1tiiteii'st.li;1'1j.,..,1
    tii';:ii: i,r rtii:i'i ::iiLr-c'pll'l c: lir ria lr ellltei (i q,,.
    i'liil tci: lLri:l'lrlt,' itL r,.r;.ttlr .lin 1i;ist.i f :nil de tiltr.rl ccier cle lt (,1:Lnrcntir s.lni dc cr,iclentii ori line cla-
    , rji , 'll
    t",l-", tiltiir: (i::!i::hir 1i)";11 [j'. i a. 1ll" C'XX'l'1, ]-2).

    . il',' /t'1t
    |tlI.]i.i:]ll.lii1il.:',:!]ltsitllt(.]rin-i

    l.l'|,::i''ii.lSl]l.li""tlti,"lclilrl.lr.l'.,tirit:Zci:sij9(:0"iipirr.;1ci04sj1{l:.,;Kl.opoti.'inl970.t1lll|
    |i'},,l.iljlt]]l:ji.:.irl..i9,ll:i,;.il..]F:':01lirir|y1)6.r;pii]F,-\iI:Plrr.ls.'hir,]0()2.Lr1ltrI.i..,'ltt.il,tttllE

    ltr::.;i.:lit].ll(jr]{l\,:;ii-:Cii.l.ilti!.t.q:iL,tiii,lltc
    ll)irii M rti)tti.r1r,.riri, l\frot:: {Kritr l!,li[i l](]). DestLil cie fllcvi'l-rL lrntforeie cie tipLrl c:ele i cie lir Cun-
    |(,]]|-li;,:r;Jini;jittcl.;csiitti:'rlt:..."ielnticti)('SpCrane,1nspcciltl1ltPlr'nttcitp..;itr;i
    r9r){}.|'].]lllL:i]il]l'['lci'llti\(.ielst-si

    1')(:)(r. 1'f" P.trts;clti.' :10t)-l l{ :). D:stLri clc irrrtinc arrLlirlc cie Lil;r-il ceh-'i rle lu Clanlemir par sI fie ;i la

    irr.rr': liiie l ie LIi.rrlii]rrcLliil.). i:{cl1:u1,r-'r:sn l9}7-(. l0-41. p,lrc. -5.1 t.


    i,,r:::j l'r',t! n'lclttc lir: r.inrlt-.r'-' din pi.l;lir cie niiarrtc clcsch jse clt al:ltLil ?ngur;t liu fosi semnllii-ltc f olrtc

    i.ir: ilr i. llrttte,nil .icsi:,ltltct'r le irr me.:rliltl rtce:,tr-ri cr:'mi-rlex ciritr-iral :s|: relirti r, redus. Spre e:xemplLr. pe
    l|]1.il.i)llit]lLcltlt];llIi.cpLr1ri,ciir{rliclclr,l.itl:lfarir
    in1lt.cicn11-lgji151ttrlii.Ltl1.l'l,l.i..|e|,i1lItti:ertttttii,.?lil.clllgJl
    (lhl;;';:'ii:rritI-..r;tr..,){.',.-[i:niti;ctilti:ll))!).1j{i.plrc.5.2).T.ot
    t:clr.: tt"ct irniloi'r, cic:;coIl:r'iti' in rir:trtit'ui Sinturil, cle MLtreg de la Oslli,,,i<a (l-luxur-nrra l9EiB.
    ,- - f!..-t lts=a! fut l q-*t ti' -liiris-rr:l'r1

    in r5cz'a-
    rr.6l.l!).c) t,96.,)1, rrC,, j 1. ),.1:37,6; 4li). precunr ;r r.ite.trei aml'ore f ig"*:*tjl:identiiiciiii:
    l.r.:;'ii-]ij|r.'eI}-l1lot.aririr.rr.uoi1idclirFl.ilnrirtol'r1inrlorc1ujspa!irriuiprltc.-r"risire
    i'l.r!i.1rnc,:i].1,].|l.'1-inc']'sasu1l,itiiciiritrsici.itr1lilvin!ilanlforeiot.iJe]ir
    lj:]i]lj;)Itltudlrr::ac.ae]e|illt1],,'](]ttplttkt:rlttttlt,,.cic]3fcCcrec:ifiellic1e
    'c
    r'. lr: ,r,;hiie,.tt s.;ttt tl.:Irr-it' ll t'ti ilt;'r'ltr:ltlitli'
    tle tiirtrl ce lci tie lir (lante mil lru fost do-
    cc.,it rnli r,.rullc: itnii0 c c(llllFf lcte i:;ilLl ilpi',Llitpe ccriplctc
    '.''|nCi1t.tlcincc,tlrilicrclc'tultiLt.tii|i;jirt;ina.tetr,tJres_iernjiiclrovLJep,e;,,ei1:o
    li-iiiriltr.ilttsilciti'ii-'CcS.|cici-tilttt.i.,{st|ei,petet.itoriiLiltctLrliilil{tlniinre:l;-ut.tlre
    ilt.reqi:,ittltilr!t11,.]n1,i]1.e..,;rr-irltl.e1:ibr|e,.airf0Sidl]Sc0pel.iteilt f i'e' 20i"5)'
    lri;,r:rilirieq,t -Filrrri t.Pui.trit: 1971. i 5,
    i iig. C;,i)' fliiil;d-V'lc* lseacir (r'cl;:nl 2004' 5:i7'
    (1)i1''orru.-l96li 83 E'j. p1. CXXVi,l) clre;'l.tseni
    (1.
    i.:l.Lr.ccil (i-rLr. ),rcir igljl. i77. fig .t.ll. Tir:;lor
    ,.'i.::']ll31-i.i.i€'7.li5ipl1rLti)\,(t,,q;Ll.:LL'Pieclal!r66..]8.{j:iE1J'3,),inclc1lencIen1a(ibrclt-:rr,:j.l'
    scLl ,.'1't;tt"nl, qtl' i"t' '137'l) 5i {ltur'"rzLr (t\ILr;eieanu lgE('' 2i'5' i'ig''i''7)'
    i r:. l+i].1), .,'"ii)(iriiLli'Ll L)-,trlre
    [,)e.tcttiiitcl}tC.1ttti.Ilc.|i-()\'istli!,iul.ttSLintSllui1te1'.,'.g,urlriec.ilr:1ca,|piltiCe

    '..,',i;':;i''1'.']l,..;';..':|i,i,ir1ittt'.i,tlt.|tl\tur.e;.(--i,l.r'iiacrll,
    |,''l:j|.|1|t:.t'|I,,r:olit1.'lcleii.lLLril1.();lii(j pllc' 1'l)' \4lriniot'lia
    ri r,trrc,Hr)r;[r,l i!,r(]'i. ll:. pllc. 5) lttn,nzc,\iil-t (iprln'ienito 1957' l6-l'

    l.lr1l;ii:iltii(ihill:tl"l.l[1,.)rliri
    tt,)dT.?|,)).l!al-j1(]]1l].:i-l-Aii.-citi.'il."iiui.le,r'i.Nagoir.i,c"2i\aarr.ll.,le,to'llf(j

    'iJll.,('!]c.i11.ilti:gti1rrc,.trjtttc:-i-1.,,,,.,|t.,,iii-c,itl.i;cil..lr'.Jtl,rcn.is5stt1litirler
    ;Liet.iei,oltiillillt'ttiiLl,-ijLl':tn.1ili|i.-l.'.tt.tlii.:xactinrrr:t:ropcli.tKilili':iisi.i
    i:lc :o l-lf itfit f iJi-Ililll ii j,r cen'.t9'it't i.\larrilnie:rorl 1987' 80"pttc
    rjiilir.-ci linii. i'ii'ii in;:rediclrte gi arsI
    .l fo;t rnocit;litd liirst,.

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    rtttt'rt l'itu;'l 1r-rii gt-eu cie tirJScilra'i'
    r.rnci:ltu l,JSi (i,J[)tlsc (]ii -:t'1';[l-lLlil pUtrrr:t
    ,luji.r.:t.ttl-tlllilescr:ltir:.lrt;Sriitirlsi'luptu'"i'*f'lnliL''elorr'o1lllltl'3clinpiirnrjLrmatateari'iieniulrrrl
    c.|}':j.,intilnel:;crJcsi-ul.ji:1.l'i:c,',(:irtt,li1cirtclnscr.i1liii,,uo",,',u..anepigrat:rce^deseniric

    }-l('r,.Jlsprtsc.lt,Jtttti.1i116|;.lt.ll||.ri).iSil'at.i1rccriior1irrnc*JiLt:p,,rt.a
    cle ciiferite ti-
    1ir(]:.rnteirrir.'Dc.-rcii]]l.]lii.ti]l1-t,Ijl.lgit5li]1i]i
    irrsc'iptiric.,-r u'o1rr,r,, a, p:: ''l]1i?rele roriane
    pr,-iritie
    le i_. * s;ru n i.p'lr rcriirr.r, 1r.rrcve11t l1);/-l' 201-201': sa-
    , i97rl. 5-i; I',rrtrrart\i'"-t'8c'r'90; R'hdr'rlcscu
    pirr.r J' epL)(li: ,Iir]],.rll.irrr perntrL; rnscrlp{ill cu
    "l)cr-1;ii igEE, t0i,ri0). Diriirc coi'esp.niicr!ele mai ap.opiate
    rrir:: 19!i,. i:i.:rr r\r^er;iarr,.r
    rioi r;liiri lticti depe un glt iie
    ai'fb'd cle "ir1'
    .,,,(ri)sea rie pc arri.*., dt ra {-rrntr:nrir-r"*,* r.rc.rionilt

    '{li|\(,'"t!1(i]!,,iclll,i-'t,rntl.-.clirij..,1,,',,.liite:elc)';in,pic'tirtcCLl1.Ciu,i:;1llll;c
    lrilifllti,t;,:,.j:ctlilellvjilt.leii]iir.l..o',ronioi,*,l'r.i.*..gi*ri...i,.]'Chi';inirLr).Irrsclii;!il.L1aclrrc
    .t1..':s,tptlbiiclrilicl'::[:]1ik'1Ial}int|-tirl"ti'rciiua1;dr'rtin,1uiit';:'^.t","jo'.*r.cclitl
    llott-ll'';;;;;tt"i" u'ottt * drlua irrsct'ip{il' gterse clin iLntichitate'
    ln].jrpieiiltaL'l(jl]l^t/rilrrcilellt,ltp,,nn,.ni.q;:.s9,q0.1,.,,.iI'7)'Esteiirtet.esantderc'nrlicatca
    1t'aqr,rsittul tl'- ir'nri':iLi 'lc
    la 'itt*i a cl.ua sui:'
    cie E. Rikmr,r. in.Jriria uror speciarigl.i, prezent^ pe 'lrniorc
    cir.e insri n-, i..rst sr:rlr;.ri,rr5 surt $terse c'n lechit'e' cientltit
    ftrptui cl"i t'ectptcnle-
    irrscrrptii ;1,. 1r1-rpSe i!, cii ntre cr'e unele diferite' ct't
    rrr:ir
    ''urtcr ,.!.site ere nrai rnulte or1 pent'ir tralrspoilLll unrr prociuse-rnirfuric.'trn't (Fi'ii-
    lc: rcsJre lti'il i-lLi rr.:,t re
    m:, noi adec'iite n.r:lui
    ci-11.c pl-i .ie,ntrlriii re nriir
    i r,echr c*ru +tefse;;r 1'nlr'uite .u'nii*i*
    tlitlc sc u l')7-: , 'l9:j )'
    ]-sl,rrrri! I ,\1.,(
    )!1
    lnsrll'l[)Ll1l13
    cu tt'tttli
    'ttit'i' cie pe itntforeie rc)ma.l.]e, stucliate cLr rnigald. pol oleri indicii p'etroase
    l)entl'r'l stabilrrea ori,qinli' r'aslrrlnclirii r;r cnrnologiei
    diferitor- tipur-i .Je rinrfore. De asenrenea, ins;emnd_
    Iilr: cu vopseit c:ontin ttnt:ori infomra{ii import'ante
    aarp,a nunrele prolrrietanlor de aml.or.e, a frans-
    prorliilorrlor"gl a nesustor.ilot. precum qi
    claie clespr,: confinr.itul gi ,:alitiLtcri mdrfurilor
    irccst:r tipu|i de recipiellt':) 1'l tlit11'renrFr transpottate in
    l')63.:'l; 1'L,6o,''t9(ig,39l-399; Iioprl tun ll)J6,.{0-45:
    l98l l-ltS-l:1rir;,,\lc,itiarru l9{::. i95_1 16;. Sanie
    tl'liit Irri'c$te ins:r'i|trl dr'-' pe atnf.ra
    de la c:rntemir, eil indrca cup'clt,lrtea conve'.ion,li
    i-t Iicll)lelltttit'li s'u c:anlilitteit realS
    a i;on{inutulr-rj introclus in'1'putea formu}at
    ziit.ttltt-nr: pt-'l''aplul c:li lltereli.: ilceasta supozifle ba_
    'Lrs.,,\m
    :{rece$ti }'. f ;i n au vrriori nurrrerice. SLrblinienr ?nsi c.i rezoivarr:a pro-
    lltt:ii lloale If:pllczenla citrr:tr Ltttit ciin vrrrrirntele posibr;le. deoarece iris;emndrile
    cuprinse in acegti rilllli
    ,licll 1;ot livca s;ernnrilcatri mrr :ipie.
    '\'tnlol'ele l{)lrane - rh in;P'-ttl tJest;operite in age.zirile gr necrol:oieit: c'lturii siintana cle rvtur-"q;-
    r'lel'nilrcilcv ;'ttlicit o rnr'iltitrrdrn: de problerne. ciintre ca'er unele, cum ar i'i detcrrnrnarea
    t:ttti1.^identifliJaleaprOd[lsc|t:,t.tt.i't.lspt-lrtateyiilleciziitcitcI.onologtct, centrclo.r.de pr..veni-
    lrt cc'':li cc pl'i vr::1{e origi r:a at.nl'otelor
    ,,rle ti7: lrtkenttcrt,t". cei mai ,-,-.,uiti ,paa,ajigli consicleri cd
    trlc sLlril rJi: i;r'lr"cliictltit pt:rnti,,:i.. c.lerntr:le ce procluclia
    ut" r,.,rrtor sunt caut'te i.nsa cle cer_
    irct'itoti in z'-rtlc ditcrite' Aslli: . unii speciaiigii. plecum "ra,pr,r"i.
    v. Gujciurte,,'ic, [)" selov $.a., socc)t ca crrntre-
    le cle 1:'rtl''enicnt'i ale itntlllt'e o: cu galul ir,gust
    llcrr:lte din prasti alburie crr pigmentatii negre:;i rna-
    ionti ln cOfi1l';;r7i1is s-itr al'la ii- Asia Mrca. iar pre
    zenga in numdr mirr.e a uur.lo,.de transpor.t de
    liP 1t'' ':ompletieler culturij Siit, ;tniL rle,\fLrrep-eernjachov ;rcest
    ar atest:-r intensifrt.:ar-ea relafiilor economice
    i'il(l poptllatill.l' ..iernjltc:hrll'it., re" cLr t.r'mui de
    sucl iil Mlrii Negrc (fa,-r41,11gsq.i 1963. 2g; IteroB
    i!1r78, :10) lclee c:,le fcs,piririii insi cle D. F'arar;chiv. care crccle
    "\crasli cd,,'rmarul mare de exe mpla_
    9i ir N{olclor'il dtlrnonSrrca;la ci principal.:le ai,eliere ale
    l-'i dr3s(ltlp'crl'ite iti crincerr
    L'ilLltat(l in 'zolt;r it"rrcl-nortir:i" (l)araschrv 2tr02,
    tip tr.ebure
    lr'2). in ce ne priVegle, cle,gi nu excluclem 'cestui
    posibilrtatea
    *(lst(:ri-ifei un'i tttcliele cle prcri uclie: alt: unor vari,lnte
    cie amfrlre cri gitulingust in oragele bosporane
    (lirrriil l9tjl l'16,t'
    '::ottsjcltrrilitr cd prircipalele centr€r cie provenrent[ alc acestui tip cle amfore s-aLr
    luf'lal irr z(rxlir sLlcl-pclnr.rc;i. Dcri,cla rea mai concrudcntr
    ?n sprijinLrr ipotez*i respectrve c, constrtLlie
    cl:;ct.rllcrtt''':allr ,\lapi (lli l';rrtr',,icl clef-Iirraclr;'aPonticii) aunui
    atelicr-deolarie incaresefabilcau,alii-
    trnir:.|: lrlte tiprrri, gi r-rrrr:1,: riariitrte rnai tim;,11l-ir cjc arnfor.e cu qltuj
    ingust cler nulnte deschise. varian_
    t': rle: r:rrre ,,ripitl Iitk(!,n)tan" sc li:iiei genetlc (paraschiv 2002,
    l67,r1i).
    iicleritor ll felLrl cotttinut;lui tlansPort:t in amfirrcle de ripLrl ce,lei c1e
    la Cantemir. sr-rblrniem ca
    Joi rilfi nrttitt sp'e;riirlir;ti rndici clrept procir-s princrp;il vinul.
    Desc:operir-ea unei amfore ,,rle Iili -fa:-
    t:u t"ilei cie rnii;ljne 1a $;lreia (jr-rri. G;rlr{i) (Biucliu 197(t"
    "t(tt'\"' l-59.,t63, dr:vede;;te clar insd cii erir
    inrlrortut 5i ac,e :nt lich jcl.
    lPrint|e prOblcme:le nl;-t t1tfr,:rle ridrcate de anrfot:le romrne
    in,Jisculie se numdrd qi incadrarea
    lorc|trrtolr:rlir'.a'.Dupii pdlet'ea l-:i N'I, Strkin gi V. Kropotl<rn.;imfor-ele
    ,,rie ti.t lt*crrtulr,,se dateaza
    l:rr1t' in l dotta ir:rn[tlrte iI riec iII - sec. IV e.n.
    1LI-(1,.lHu l9(t8,4]; I(po;ror-xuu 1970, 1,4). Cei rnai
    irLllti ,trheolosi plecleazir irrsl il,lntru o cliirar,: rnai r.esirinsa: la sfiit.q;itLrl
    se,:. III _ sec. IV (3cecr 1960,
    l:lll: Ir.paererrxtl. l.(Oltnlyc:oila l,)7-5,3[: ille.ros, Ig7g. i9) sau in cursul sec I\/
    e.n. (DiaconLr 196-5,
    ll.j,8;l;iv{itrea..[:'fer,kt l!161''' t',, ;461 Aii6a6rrH 19g4, .t14; N4aroucjroB g0;
    Prt'aschii, 2002" l"i'2). t-) r:.:r.r:,nol.rgie corrplel ciifentd pentru vaselc
    l9lj7, fl.lxora ]999,|356;
    in discufie din cultura SlCntana oc
    iVIu|e9-t-'ernjaclic'i'au l'txl.tt lr4. Iiazansl.i gi R. Lei3oux. Potrivit
    acestor.autgri, amfbrele ,,cle tip lrt-
    l:L'r'ttt,:t;t" ar fr caractetisticr: f az(:i tirnpr-irii a cultu::'ii lsiintana
    rle Mureg-Cepr"jachov, care *r fi clLrrat
    ,'Pinii iit I cloita tri:inier il sel. i\/" (Kazirnski, Legoux 1988,21.37). in privinia acester ?nca,drlri
    r:ro-
    Ilolos'i{lc tinern s:i l',ul:rlinicrrr insl cii ea estc^r:ltegoric c:ontrazi:;I de
    clatarea complexelor in cuprinsul
    criLl'orlt s-Litl: ,qisii vlLsele la c:ilte:te referim.-in realitate. majoritiitea,
    dacd rrLr chiar tot,ljtatea comple-
    'r'eitrr cr: llnrfc'rc: ,,de ,ti,7t Irtl':ertrt:ut" din cultrrra Sdntana Oe laureg-eernja,;hcly se ciateazd nu
    in l,azu
    titttpttt'ier, ci in etaPcle nti.ilor;ie 1i tdrz,ie ale culturii respective, rnai
    exact in al doilea patrar gr in a clo-
    ufiJulxtitat(l il sclcl. IV c.n. l:lele r iim cd aprecielea rroaslra se sprijrna pe cliLtarea
    mar precisit, pe l.:aza
    inlrr:gLrir.ri inVcntar. ii rnormintelr)r'cu amtbre
    ,,cJe ti,o Inkerntcui" ?ntre!i sau intregibile ctin necropole-
    le cle li' Slobozia-Chrigchrernt, ,zvoare, BArlad-Valea Seacd, Bogclzineqtr-Fiilcru, Barcea,
    'T'ii:'ggor, Copr_rzu,
    Spranr:r)r'', Indr:pend.:nfu, Alexanrlru oclobei;cu, viktorovl<a
    $.a.
    B44gd rnL"lurryt Jqu_lq' rt
    r; -1 tJ

    Clt,prir,:gte nnrlrrnrinlul r:u rrnrtorh cle la Cantemir, in funclie de rndiciile ofer'rte de intregul rn-
    \,rertAr, c[ar nrai alt.:s cle :rirrgelele der sticli, fixiirn cronologi;r ircestuia ja millocul gi in a doua.lumf,ta-
    cu (lrono-
    te .L s;ec. l\/ er.n, E:;te i1 rlresitr.lt cle lemirrclLt cd aceastii datare Jore:sprlncle, in iinii generale,
    pru-
    lorria stabilitli cle celcerar,tofi pentlll r;tallLlnile d: tip Sintana de Mureg r1in zona de sircla spatiului
    Is-lisryeiu.r,.zorri in s;i1e se situeazi gi conrplexul cie la []antemir (llep6arcoea i990, i59. 160;
    (). 3t (r)
    li-)'.It:oHz' I9(,
    rllornple.<ul fLrncrar cie la Clantemir compl{3te,lzd harta :rt'i:reologir:a a Republicir Vloldova c'u inci
    6 ciesc.1l;er.ir,: clatilnrl ,:Lin epoca nrigt'a[ier r;o{ilor. De altt'el. acreilslI s;tatiune cste situatd inlr-o micro-
    r-cgiune in crle agczdnl,: ;i nccropolele aparrininrl culturii Sirrtana de N{ure$-Cletnjlcl,oV SLlnt extrelx
    -freburr':
    rr::rnar-;irt insI c:a ea se attlaL in ple ajma rlulur Prut de-a lirngul chrura. alnt la nord.
    cAt
    de, r.lre,
    6i ia sLrcl l,u fol,;l:;entn,rlale irnte,LioL un trut.ttit'ir,rsemnat de
    siiuri cLin sr:.c. IV e.n. A;'a cttm'hine se ctt-
    de cir-
    r.lLrl ?ru1 i;i r,lle l acestuia i.tLi t'eprezental 1n lntichitat,: uni:L clin cele mai imprsgnnle cdi
    'olr$te. a nrat'l'r-rrrlor in
    ,:rLlltie lrirrrtul est-clrltatic. pe:r,crtiIStit iit'terd de conlunica(ie
    fiind adusd qi o parte con-
    si,Jer.aLri n ii ,Ji: provr:nienti lonranl, inclusiv
    trrurius,:,lc,rl di1'errtele sot'l'uri de vinr"r[i :;i uleiut'i trarrspor-
    l)n ;ltnl'otc d,: ttl,rltl c :le'i de l;t C:rntemii.'
    Lati:

    BteltocRnrte

    .{]'trilrrtLtl9E.q:i\,t.|rIexiilru,I1aspiirr.lrrellttn]tlir:ltlrt:irinscri1tii
    l98ri. l0: litS
    Bi,hir 19,,3 Clf . Uie lrir. (lrltirlri crrLl,rLcu (llLrcurc;;ti l9i'3 t.

    B'titliu i',7(;: -r'l .

    1,1-!.,1,'1.11,,.,0,,',, cin seci,r,:re rr-rV e'r]]ucu.eerr ie{,-51


    u',,.,);l'iii;'],'[r,'tii;,]::.,:,J
    jLrdelLrl Bologani. CI -5' 197-l' El-92'
    Iojriiii 19l,1: l. l.rritii. hiecr,lri:lu ll;n..cculul 1V e.r". tle la l\liolcani.
    lorrli i9t!;2: I. ionilir, Ilin r:ror in si crIiliz,rr.rad"iciior'liberi(Iaii l9E2)
    ia;i'Nrcol nr lt.ll'iiX. 193-s 30-'+9'
    Ic,rritil9li6.t.tclIiiti1.(]Irr:ttiritlgir:cler.SiLrrtana
    'r odz' 19ij6':lt'ri--l5l
    'l
    .r.--,ranr luss
    rtbein rrrir irnrgesclilagenem i. det'Silrltllira
    1,cr irr r;.,r. S:i de lv|"rre5-c-erttjii'chcrr'-Kuitr-u'. Pereg.ini'rtitr
    lorrrtlr .gr1)2: L lirrtrlii. Ll:t'
    G'rtikr'. lll, ();ir:'. .191) l. 77-')('l
    Klrz'lLnski.l-,egt,t-tlil!)tiS:h,Klizatrs|li.1l..i-egtlux.(]ontribrrtitln
    lirtl tlp,: ('i ie-ntiile ;l l''lri rilqtte
    gre l\'lticlr*';rle ){\'111. i);rris. I 9!iE' 7 5:i'
    jdbaierr.r (Nliinchen l9l/t)
    Ke li,:r l!)71:L i<.cllt:r. Di: ,plit-(irnischer.r clrabfunde in s
    (]. Prr:rla. i\.eclopole clin s,r:lolui al 1v-lea in MunlerLia (Buculeiti 1966)'
    N,i.trea. [,re,lu i9r:ri-r: IJ.ll,j 't el.
    dirr F't',rvincirL sc1'tlr (sec' lV - VI p'rllh t (Bucrrie$ti l9!)6)'
    Lirpr,i 19!)6 A. Op,rri,.\sir(irre ale r,rciii e ronomlce
    Pliia,']e]t)7.j:\...]j'all.L:1i:.,Sii1.itr'rriiear.heoit:,1:ice
    Seaci (sec()lele III-V) (Bucur"ei;ti 200-l)'
    P.i.rde 2i)0.1: 't. .l:tirc1e,.ti(,r"r.,,;, nec"ii"]1" cle la Brirlal-\'alea xxv'
    prirrschii, 200-: Il. rF,ar.ase v. r\rrf-or.r' poniice rornone qi r.rnan.-bizanti'e dir.r zonl D'nirii
    de Jos' AN'i 165-2(\1 '
    i ()ltenia (C|aitlvir 19"r6)'
    Pr:prlirin 1976: Gh. F',rrpilrr t. lgl6,Cerltnricn t'omriti?i clirr
    Ple<la 198[r: (. I,re.'[lt. (.ail:Ltls' Nect.optllli rtltnantl.bizalrt'ind
    (Bucur.e$ti 1980).
    Ii.lldulcs.:rr19,,]:A''|{irJr-]escr-r..,\iltftrrecr'linsr:i1l!:i
    1,).i-207.
    S.lrriejglSl:S.S'rtrrr:.(]irl.]iziltii'trrlmaniJelaestcieCarpr!i5ironranitarr:itpe:tetitoriulMoldovei(Iliil98t).
    VIII' 1975' 263-31l
    llontit:a
    Scitr.pln 197-5: C Sr:r:rpati. CerarricrL rolr;rntl-bizrtntinir r-1t: la saciclava
    la cle lr4i|riLlagerli, Rrlurnarrie. Irr: Die Sintirna di) N{ul.el1-
    S,t;v,rn l.)99: 0' L $tlr'lLlt' Llr l--hrrlno]irgie cle nec'ropcrle
    Cerni.icllor -[(rltLtr' ([i.rrrn' l9t)9)' l ]"2l' lt68' I 399'
    pr'ovncia Dacil. l\pul'rm \ill, Alba Iulia' 39
    l.rrdrlr l(,r(;lj: l)..1-,rclor.. lrrilxrr.tul cle vrn qi untdelemn in
    ]-ltu.|,Iri:tr1!ri]2:S'j.iLrr.\{'Nicu.Sd1lilttrr.il.:.Jirr,.,e.,,.c,polabir.itLrlr]i.l.luI].'.,."(jLrd.Galli|i)
    lll:-11(. (r" Criulenr' Rep MoldoVa) ('l'erla
    .li.
    \,;clrrric l9!)9: cle tip Sirtana cle Mut'e'; de la Burlegti
    \rrrrnic. l,,$eziir.eil qi necropola
    de doctc,r at) (1r$i 1')9())
    r;u1ps l!),5-1: l.\i'irllte. Sii: turile de la I'oienegti din l111) il''lcA l' 19-5"i' 213 251'

    l0l-ll: Br,rrr, A. I 30 (MocKua 1966)


    CAll
    ,\rr15pr.t't l!)6(r: 1,. i'. .4r1(;Irr'l (Dtr6r'ttut lrll biuporreiir;t<oit 'lacln CCCf'.
    gcpHtlxoB(]Koii x1"lu't'y'put 6acceiirra 3anailu,ct o 5;-r'a. MI'lA I 16, 19(r'l' 213-25'J
    lr.rparl ll)(rJ: i:t.jI iiap'ae liirrilttlll':t't
    ]rsllr,r,,d..l, ,\:r, ,l1 _
    119

    .. ..'r_'lHi.rxoB\.rioii KYjlbr.1-pr,r (K.ien Igg9). 4E-7().


    I.aii'.1.ii'lelllt.tlg|():};B.o.lat:i.-iyr":ei,.:.t.Kepaltt,tueclir,tiitittlrIn'

    ','..,.]:'',1.].,J,li;];.,,]|;.,|]:.]i]1;i,,--I\'Btr.eC:eepcl-lia,,oo,,.^
    'lc-ecr
    igc't): ll.ii.3cecr. Kepar',,,r.,: r(nr rapa rlocnopa.
    r\rirA g3. 1960.

    ii pas.r r:rrro I l)6,;':,r\..


    A. I.(pat.rt:H nc,. VIor.rr.,rnrr
    -;.-,;;;;:^i;ll*:;,li :ft;,lll;$'";[l;i]ii'i:;il:ii,i:'i:lili';:;l;:,i;ffi.::1
    ri r

    ff,l,i,,hl:;llfJ;ffiill;
    ur,rrr. jl 1 ,2 / (l.,iocxua . 9;'0)

    ivJai.orlt.:.ic,t,l|)8.;,:Ij't,]\,1at.rri'l'.l.'1clt.l.t.pu'o'o,'.l.|i,].;iill.]il'i.::}:];::;i]I;:,l.}1,Tl;iJ
    .'llr.rrrc'ro, 2()0 1: ti.B. r\1.r'.nr,:tro r rreilurxoucxari KyJrbl.\/pa.
    ilpod,relr:i 3r.Hcrca {,1rr(i.rrr.ra 200t.t.
    lJrrrrrritu. lgllE: I

    l\.lr.x lt.ir,F:trri:l{ ricpFtlt()e,cr.iOii


    -_
    i]ct.])()]BI96.l:t]|].|ierpoo..I.:pHllrt,ecxr
    r,1., rur_y1tsr lMCrcl:aa lggll), -, 97.

    I li. .i()6.i. :i -l- I 17.


    I Ic'l'1'ron I 951a Fi.Il. I1e.Lpoe. [,lao,rt,ilcr<uri irrc,r.rr- rb rrK ria p. Tc,errar (rrcr lralepi.ra;ralr
    pacK0irori [I.r.I.Cr,rorrrrqesa H c].c
    [-r\r.tr];lir,) r,r 19.16. l9l8 lr I\)2,:, rr.). \,1ilA i l(,. 1964.
    ')..A.
    llEi l(r7.
    lirriri.'.ilrr., l9(r7: I)riri\r;rrr, L.,irrl r :rtK 83..11.1(ol 0 eii'JI tapoAou (no lractrortKar tocerelrtr Ir rtror.lr,,rt Hrrri^
    li'v tteilrrsi ) r l\lr|,rrfiir;'tr lr)(:,'i ). 'epece' ), c

    . ,lur-.cr'1rcrr,crtt."l.lpy.1-1',1oto rnr,)r,:i \/peqr,:1. C,\.+, 1971, g4-10-l.


    ('tl.r;r,rrr,iiir{r.:rrit l!).,1-l: (l.cD r_'r-pxll,,re.lilrii,
    [,acronrirr s I.lHr<eprrarie e i940 L C]A j)(,194 1,2)r.)-296.

    K\'.lb'r'r/i)br ilrJoi:ltea .l !)8li) l4:- l6l.


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    r{lf Ka i(Anjlpe{lucK[ijq LUe jrL,) i5-ilrc ,,\uanur. KCl,lA 216. 59_70.
    :lnjc:ctiaq.jlt,atrtla.JVi.aprrra,i.(-ttlitl-'toga.(Ilottlxosltl997:I].H.3a,reccta;l.3.A.-Ir'g'oea,
    H A tDtlHtlholia, ('r.rrl:,o iltiua.\.inrl Kl,5prrra. I eper-ueneucruir r-lail (CaHx.r-flerep6ypr 1997).
    ,l:lo t riu 200t):
    S:rrtr-rnr plLr: ",. 2OCl,ll. :(rr)-.1:5.
    ].(r.,:tlettoil|9..i9:]]''1.'lir,.tttt'Ll.ltl,}iurlrt1loc.,,onO3.llH|aI:lHcl.iOI'lKvjlbT\/pe('eue1llltlro
    l'ir''iltetton 961: il.,\. K. irte ti)g, /\.!ancKne n.rre\{eHa Cenepuoro Kasxasa. MI,lrr\ CCICp t0(r, 1962.
    l'i\,nl:a,..L]I191)1:CI,l.Kl.f)lI]loa.{,\l,tc'ropc3\,,b].llTa
    l{. llJtt,rlrrrtprr't ..liporut:trIKorrrfi-rri'rCL'PMe 1990:'. lirrurrHes199|.ApxrreivtA?Al-l pM.}'iHe.Nu jIE.
    iviOr rr-tr,llrriiotr lt )0,1:
    l'l'leIt|cBai963:(],,\.II.te'rrtlla.|io.tr:tttttt.t:cxt'titi\lcI.t|-qbIl]IKCapr.;e,ra-[ie-loilE]eNrr.
    llrc'i uesa 1967:('.,r\. ll--le-r,,e urr- or xoqesirii x roporiam l\4 lA cccp l4:1, 1967.
    iil'itltttitltll()8!).jIf,Cantttt:e[!)E9.n.,^''.'.l]eitcrglteKCtJeLI'txo6U]ecl.r}
    cti: [ilarntc:.eli(]llJllc F:1.) eiibr)i ri)vJrb'i\'ll H rpeBHti\ iiltBrr.rrH3arltil"t (A.ril,ra-A.ra ltrEg),3t)9-310.
    (. rerrrr [ieirrrrrrr l]ti l: L''r erii: I.,npa:rrrr B )fro\\'cpe/rHcBeK{)Bsn (Mocxnii lg8l).

    tlercpbvitr l8:)7t.
    rDelrlpou-llaerI.lCrt.i966.[..t..@e:top'tlu.f|annt,ton,Ko.lenllnll
    rasce iN,lor:trea I 906).
    {.Dlt",trti'teHto 19i9. 8,A.. ct'tt:trtt,{ettxo l9-59, Ilorpedeurrt: X e. e Ac'rpaxaH';Kori oSracrrr v c. Jionac. CA 2, 1959.
    l-:;9-1,:1 2.

    re:ti 200I ).
    5;;rineii!)'z3\,.lipin:i,])6ctltrr,,crtesdei'6tl'petadivt:
    )11-2\t2.
    -\,Frrnei .l

    197.1. 188-t t-5.


    \priner l9S:i: V. l$prini:r. Rer itaiti etnice gi politice in Moidora meridionalii in rsecolele X-XIII. Romini gi turanici
    r iagi l9ti5 )

    l!prnci 19!;4: \'. lipirrei. N'krlir,',a in secoiele XI-XIV (Cihiginiru 199-1;.


    l!pinei l9!t9: \'.5ipirrci, Nlarilr nrigratir,Jin Eistr,rl gi Sud-Estul Europei in secolele: IX-)(III (lagi 1999).

    (..) ce ntt ct t r t:.t Ptr 6q e c a,


    Iltrcntun.l.,tn .lpxeo;tt,t:uu u 3ntno:pct(tuu, ,4xut)c.ytust flo1'x Pet:n.l,5.ttrxtr !,lcttdoeu,
    t'..t. l\ltrnrpctnolu,u 6:ttt)'tecx-1'-6odouu -i5. MD-2'012 KutuutDl,, Pt'cny,fi1yi',., tr'|,:.t.tt')ot;u
    i'r,1t,r't ri l. .\r. j
    ___ b9
    r[:c]f\iiilDEFlAT'll PRlvtND
    Rn:rPRE:ZENTAREA oAlARETULUt pH MoTEDELE
    DrN pr)DoLrA $l
    lviolnov'e nr: L,A FlhlFLE sE,$ot.uLLlr xlv gr AL TRE'LEA
    DEcE:NIL, AL sEcoLrulurxv

    ,Aneliol Gorccjen;o, Lilia Dergaciova. Chigir^au

    ltt;r'ittIr,t tt i

    I t. il it..'it' ( ( .t,0 i', t)i t,, t |, i. t ; l t t Ai.,\', t,; t t l tl t t;i, t, t ti:.

    t.! .t 1(t \ t.t

    ['t;l'r ttr: p'oh,ii:llc'le cle:;tLt] rl: cii ;cuiriie irie ist,rliografier, pentru perioael.r
    de ilcepr_rt al statuliii
    ttit]tJjr;ji,i.t|hjc]c1tlrll'ij!1'CC.eit|c1crnrnii:i]i-rriLir.ii(Jtr.g)Kot.iatovir:l(petttr.tt()|:|()Crl|/lel
    lui't.li vL:i: Crhucirnt i!)/'1. l.:9-157: Sprnci 1991. .129_332,
    -140. 37.r1,3gl_-rE9; rljgt.oi,et 1997.
    l':7 lili, i +'/ 153. 2r)8-l[rt). ,:l L-:2',t6).I)isputr c.usii tlc mar mult de urr s,.]cr)1, in pr.ivinli loc:r-ilur
    :.i ( !-r '-i l l..i.

    epr ::cr'-iice in c'iitit'tti l)l'iisllp,tse; ievoiutii cic prlat rlin rnui tr 3 5(17) in r:alilite de unul clin pre,tcn-
    r,,c'rtii la tronui \lr.,lcloYei
    tltl'i"'it dc boiet'). Hpi.z'lcilir:iialt:a p;rrtiiipdrii lui ja acelr: er,cnimcntc. cl,-'lit Lin autor la lijtul. r:ste:
    va;iulii cliierrli - C':)nsiiilitiit Cliitoclar!t c,lnsrdelincl ca iin lisiu clorunitorilor.nroidoyeni ,.tr.ebui,::
    cle
    'rl-iPt'imat clel'initir'lul'11 lloriatt'vici. l ciirLri ciomnie in IVIolLior/a eiste o sirlpid in,,,enlii:: in
    bazit
    i.!r]t'i];,|(jiil,.ls,;illLiil()fl.|it:;i.}j[.jecl.clnir:irnocij{.ic;'t1'.::ilccopi;tiicarele.;ll
    1!j'i11. .:lilt Clr:tjIii ;lni nr;li tiit riit'Victot'sprrnei tcor*tic a acceiltat prosrbilrlrtea
    cir nrr-r,,lriintul l,r
    ]lrl.tiill..li"iaitrr,icill.,'l:;i.,,5:zt':|clcStr.y.jkc.rt'sitiinl.<7.5-iiVaslui'jarsttzel.lnitaiealljl:l1.ost
    t;r dtt|rrtii !lr;'iclo\i]i dl suij-est {sprrne:r 1982,327-32g: idcm tgg4, 3g1).
    [)r;)11tl'll .r:0ria
    (:it>t''-rVe i' inlr-LittLt i-ltntt'c lucrariie :;lle nur reccnie. lcinritc "o anurnitd ini'lLrentii liiu:.rniani,$tcI'an mer-
    ;:iitrcl ':l-ttlrt" * dirpli lr.lrtc proir ibilitiitiit; - trriini la o suzer;rnitate clc scr-irta clurari a lui lur.ii
    i.lc,,'i utl: ,, iui lrs,rillllt l\ i,.:iilrrr,,e i ,,_iorclt'e.i I 997, t 6il).
    Pt'irrtte 'ir:lLl rTlclltcJe irclusc il fiL'oitlcu riornnrel lrri Iuni Koliltovrci este gr o monecii
    ciin trr-
    girti. littiliL:li:lr liri. ce s,d ar'lii ', coi(lrrlia dr. Ignlics Doboc:tlii ll Mu;lei-ri Nafional i.rl Lrngar.iet
    {}'f ii-i.1 r.1in E}ittii.i;rcstii ii]icth', 189!), "l'ab. XX\l-X XVII; l.uctan
    $.a. lt)'7i,, -571 Iloropiire,ur,,
    L';tirt'ttls:100'1) ;i i::.:it'e il tr,,::;r:it trtulte ctrsr:Lrtri in literatula clc specialitete N4,rnsclx arc) pe
    avers ca-
    Vlilt:rrul ct srllila,'ilt ntert's:jl)r'e (:lieapta, ()ilr)r'ancl balaurul, iar pe rLr!ers scirlli angevrn
    ,Jti lrer gt'in;.l F,e pr-inlrr
    - despir::irt,
    i)oltc gi . U )"tl)te f'lor-i de crin p,e cea de a doua, cJcasupt.e scutului gi pe |ir_
    riilc' Iatet'llie clile rl riteii cru cinci :i-ize. lnitial ca a l'cst iitribuita
    cle citre numisntatul Rethi l-azio iur
    ;lrrir llioiiut.or,ici r''f;,rtr. 1.1,t. jmr,rqinr:a cavaletului intruchipat pe gtanrpila lui AlexanrjrLr
    )6li Il+Us1 &S1,g4r,;. Scnc nori4

    Kcnritc,lrci i'plii;atii p{r gl'amota din l-175 ('fab. 1,2), a perrnis. rJe a se face le-glturd intre aceiistd
    ltorte dlt :;i lurri K,:r nrl(', r.'i. pl'-'sril)us rioritrrito -tl Moldorci. in rttarc. cu tortc c,i utriltuircu rrccs-
    tr3i rtonr:,Je, r*arnlririr i< oriatovicr cste de;;tLri de logicir, ea nu Dr:tea fi acceptati decit ja nivei cie
    t:,pirrrc di n .rattz;t ci lrr,,3;int de a l'ace cLi Llil clut r-t iitar.
    O pitb,icatier 1'ecciilii;r trer lliese ce ari rmprimirt cavaie;l-lli cr.r sLr[rta care omoar.l t-ralllurirl (Lrnir
    cltn lv{u::eLil Nrttir-rnal rie istolie ;.rl Llclaine i (\'INIL) c|n Krev, descoperitd in anLil l9tit7 ia
    \rr5961611 r-l';rb. l.!!). ii rJoua. dr3scoperitii ''cAfi,,,:r ani in urnrii" in lor:alitiitea Dun ievic clin P,rdolia
    ;i a tle iu cle srr:opcri{.a i r accia;;i localjtatc in nnul 200;1 i.llor-opri.irer{s. Caenoe, .100.1) de rancl cu
    cca 1-'oitlorlitli rniir:iLl:;.. n* l':rcc sit veclern ?ntr'-cl aiti persper:tir';i errenirnentele clin acea per-ioacta
    rl l'aLr. l .+ ).
    'l"o;rtr: trei fl-,olre[]t: iLint irsernanitctirre cLi cea descrisii mri :;us din colectia lui iglnacs
    Dotrc'c;,:l'i: p,: lLvcrri -- r'ar,,alelrrl ci-i sulita. in ni:r':; spre dt'clr1ita, ontorlnci halaurLrl, iiir pe revers
    scurul ungcvrir --rlespir it, -'Lr tl'ci 5rrrnzi pc pli"r'u pli'tc;i cu tiiitte 1'loli cle crrn pe cr:a dc it <Jolt;-i.
    d.easliprit scutr"rir.ri ;, I ytc pir-tile latciale clter'c steri cLr cini:i co.,tLtt'i . Asctliutare,t monedelc,t c:ste
    de:;rul cli;) m,ll'() $tL se ,,lrr rpe az;i crLt.e douri. i:Is1.,''cl aLltorir constatir cii rrna drntre rnOnedele di n
    Dunuevi,:: 1)i.rr'il i.r f i biitutir cu ac;eia;i rnatrila ca gi cea din N{l{ii, iat'r:eralaltd cLl c(ja din \4NILI. ec-
    ca (e ne dcte lnl ini sa iiiirn dreptatr: autorilor care consiclci-ri cd tort{l patru mone cle i.rpat'lli1 aceltt-
    rr:lgi einitent:; r::i r::Stc r,l;nslantin K.clriatovir:i l:'rrpt atestat c[r: le,i;encla, mai nntlt sau nli]tl puli rl. lr-
    zii:,iia cle ps 1111',11gdr::ie rlin Dunaer,icr. Astfe l 'plr xa din ele, icientrcit cri cea din NINU, are Ie-ueitcLa
    pe ir\els: [,1.t c)\Iir'[,{]''t,co\S'I,\t'tNU], iar pe t'(,\,ers: tprttrollIxlJrDIis}IorRi(lI. A doua mone-
    dii rlai pl"r)st li;tibt.li. irl'Lr pe avelsi Aceea6i inscriptie: *ltolET'A)ti[c'rt'v.s]'r.LTIN[,'], iar pe re\rers,
    [*i:r]uutlnt[ll'l*Dti'.'\'t\'.'|t:'|lr<tc-lt.lncllleclatcj'ettticlici.IaCeilStacinc:olectjirN{NIUarcp5Stal.il
    toir;ea le gcnrlir, clc rst"tcni pt',cst lizibilcL -- per avels: trt<lNIare*colt]srlIr]lxt, t&r pc re\lers:
    .,tDitllcrttI\t'.* !)i's;,1(rtitttt'tf (iloloprireur,. CaBBos, 2004).llrLrpir cit,e veclem legernda de pe mone -
    cia 54NLr (pe a.,',:rs: [. ltn,rl*]t[...]rvll-;[...],;ar pL'r'e\/ei's: f . .lotll'ItxI*t-LD[...]), atribuita lr.ti
    Irii lioriatortci (Ri:1h1 [899. Tab. XX'V-XX\1II; l-Lrcrart ].a. I911, 57; [loropi.ret1b, Caeec,e
    l:00r1).. nri cot'eispLlniir:'ntrrr l(ltlri icgenclei cle pe cele tt'ei ntonecle. Frirrd a Ileg:t o ilsenlcnclr;rOsibi-
    iitt.e. creciert (rai rt:t.Llzit ii{-restol'estc difercnlir de ordin telinic * l'iiptul cd la nrom,:ntLri ciind mone-
    cla ir f'ost puLrlic:atli. eit irLl tivL.i:l:tnirlogii qi litr:r'r:1e prost lizjtrile ilu llutut fi confrndate, irtcru uSor
    cle cr.plrr:at tcrtru r)r'i('lrc celc,:tatrfl'011'e a incet'cat descillurca texl.elor cie pe moneclele clin acc;r
    cllocli. trin l:'e,;:e c:ons :lorcntc. pentru o mai nritre certitucline , lLr {-i necesal'ca lrloneda data sd lie
    re r,' -tz. itt i .

    Sie pare.a,:lrliei'.ri in urnruri care apare pe moneclii litri


    (.lon:;tantin 5i pe gtampila iui Ale-
    r,anclr.l (li-ira;,r3ru l9t',1. N!14) este cle fapt herb:l celol clci irali Koriatovici, clte m;'Li ap.lre $i l)e
    ayersu! lr o $tlirpilir ciubli cii:n 1.103 a fl'atelui lot'tt'iai itrir: Tcoclor'(Halecki, .'939, 88, R,l8.tjl
    (Tab l.1iu-b). Dacli :r -sir acceptiii11 l'ilptrl ca Cavale|ul rntruchipiit nLl este altrtl cieclt sl' Iune
    "
    1,=r(][gi)1.,r[.e) ([torop rreilb. Canl;oe 2004), al]l puter sI r:ntiti'm pl'r'sLlpLlllcrea ci prtmul cale a
    irc(:reptrrt tc'elil herb dirrc Koriator ici ar t'r chial Ittt'ie .

    I)eoar,:c:: rlornniu irii Iurii Kcnatovici (caie de irltl'ei o acceptinl) este o problerni c:u mult
    ilar gotrleri si ncc3sii,. Lrn slucliu xp{]rte. in'riri,Jurriie ce urmea:,td'n'orn face cAte"a observalii cale
    rur prltin,Je cli: rl lr,irnuri anr-imite m,f,rnente.iin istoria Moiriovei Ce la finele secolulLti
    XIV pi ?nce-
    pulLil sL-colLr rri X'V' lt:lfci. clupii,,rirte;rim. cloui ciintrc enrisiurrile monetare ale lirr Ilia9, tipul IV

    in plLranlt:zt: C-t cttrsir'lrLi: t ic legenci:r Cilfe nLl s-au llit:;ttlt , SaLl ntl Stlnt li'zibi|':'
    ir t.rciilia
    ]lrcLecitst.'(.ih.:.'lrglre.r:|ltr,:,teegltiiritie:r1cleaici$itrilcljtiacleaseclacelorcr'tnrtmeleiuriinttmeIt:

    exctnplu1tal.ilpll[]n::ilztrlLLicleIIa|iciiEi\/ladinirILrirjilJn
    tvtar.el .ri r.lnea;z ,Se:rr ion Ioani;r,ici dc pe un grarirotd cle la 1341 cLr rrepl'cz3ntarea sf. Semion. l \'llrelui Cne;lz
    ;tanrpila
    ItlllrrIoalrlvici,lin|]]j6c]t|lcpIeZentitrelc'1.,.Iilln'sllll
    pfe:z e ntarerr sf. .-.ru rrr itl ri (-1 ai, rrep 1990, 1 2-i 6)'
    !-,,{ll:11. -r-1,,{, tl _-
    36,1
    sj i/ c')rrf(lrril lui or':titriiln iic:;cr-l (Ilier:cu l970,
    .2-{ gi urm.: L.uciln q.a. l()77,66-r5g),
    c:j(: (:l1ll conle:)ilLll gcrre ral dup,i dt:c.r..
    'ii lnrlnet:i m.lr-l*r'r:ne;ti <1e pina iil.'ci. "lip'i lv are pe
    t'.ilitio'ralc: caprll d.: bt:rit. st:eaLur c:u cinci irvers:iernnelc
    col:irri intr.e coarne, la ileallt;l rozeti,r gi la
    sciitlltlna; iiti' pe 1c\'(.:l-\ s( rltLil ri,rrglirula' str)nea
    cu siglu A rle asupra 5i in inter.lor cuL o f.igurzi
    il:;cirll']'ll)ti ctt sigl:l ce se
    '\4 i-'Lt e i".ice lii tti;loc deas.rpa, Sunt cunoscu{i gr{)$i care au aplicatir pe
    triillr itc'::iltsi rLtiscttPtl*'if Ii-l'\s ]1'o'\\'oDi';r jLr'iitriti
    rre gro,si arr-ep,igr;,fi (Tab. r,(r)..fipr-r1'mbel,,:
    pi:.il1'.iJl.\c2.t,lllr":tu1i.t-t;,iI.,t-llLtlicLtt:clil;isplrdai.ttt"ttlin !.rirr:
    ifiitrrr(iil c:'tc:ilrltrllrril eLr c{.i a tipLili.ri I\; (l'at-,.
    l,l'lI-lrj (lliescLr Ig7C.2[j ;i urrn.:Lucran
    i'rl'-6ii' lir" Jlig-5t)l ) {lrr'ail;'ul rnec.ie'irl
    cure oprr. 1r. nroneciii clin "iprrl \,zim 1.r lentafr
    1.:t. rg7 r-.
    ..'ir.lr-'t-..litl|)i-|-l0:j].L.llirr:.rjterrr-rlr-riKc sii-l c.r-
    c(lil:i1{le'lli i:i:i }ina'lliiLslil' sol. il lLl Rrl}lll:tit,
    lrar:ni-i lui Hlcrandru c'el IlLrn si bunica
    i:irr ri"'i"!l' Ii'.r'r' Fi'iP1'l r-'ii ri'itttt'r: atr.ib,icie lurL Ilia;. a iosl
    ca'al{ri'ului i;pseLe il'. in locul ei este,spircla,,
    t rt:lltl;Il (li} eijic ccrvil ir J1-ep lL:lii
    ';;,r;;.
    irsn.ttt acejc trrnirur.i gi ni.i constituie urr ,::lrz srnglular. sprc exem-
    ril'r'::i-ir c' --l;rrrrpiri,;i \4a'cJui cireirz ar I{Lrsici (N{oscr:,r,u)
    ii; l;L l3ii!), ,rrrcle lavil .]l.L:1 {..'.t' inr-,ig: slll.e sii.rngirl ilpilt.cv.sirii
    tlt';.i;tt,: rtli 'i'ist'at
    DirrLitr.evici. de: pe o
    cr.l lilncei-r sr acela;i Mare
    i'ni''l;'' iii-lii1'c i)J Inoll{li:e 5i
    P: o ritii ritatttllili c,r-i s]rrrciu. Aceiugi siiLralie c yeciem;i llr feci,r.Lrl lLrj
    vrisiiii lltirrit'eircl *'l'4.-rl'cir: cfie.rZ'r';.rsi
    ii Vns,iteiici, r-incle cavllerul aparr: atlit cLr sp.dd crit;r cLr
    lrtttcc llii'rs ili ilcelrstlt Llnelr i'epr"lzcrrtari (pc rnon0,:le
    199 )' lr:!"8{l' "l-rfi \'':i), cr:t';l ce rte tlefu.nrirur
    ;i Stainpilr:) a; aplic:at si balaurul (jtart.rep
    rsi al'irrnim cr pre.zentiL b,laur.uiui nuL estc
    I'rc' sirll s:- sLtblntelr::t'lc Nrltitn lrici cli toate ot^,ligiLto-
    moneclele iui Iliag. care le-lnr i,izLlt, au c, figur.ii
    ic:;ci1t'iLbiiii riliil c"'ltlzl'ji greu
    'Jetc:rior;:irti ti.l.ncdelor) sLrb piciolrele ctlului, cirre nLr r(rp,rez:lntd aijtcc'a
    let'irt rirrr;r:;i Li lc bllrrurul rri.
    /\:ie rltir:;ii t pe lllrti s':rLiti." . c(:: irre rilllrczcntatd
    srela \,{ gi cr.LLcea la rni jloc decieas,uprr. t.le pe
    ,lr'clt.st-.ijlintbl'ic,.lt"liilttt,inrtll.t.ti.l|'eptrl-t-ttlttitemais;i'tls,leglisinrinlltlll
    ''cversril !ii-rijri)ilei cLrb, e erlr:tare cre.jl (FIarc:cki 1g39, EE, R.rg.6.) (T'Lrb. .:,g). ce_i drcpi, s,grl IVI
    ('Le
    l)c stil tiililii '-:str: cL' rlt'l'ii ,le supt::ioiLt'e lr5cLlrit(:. in trntp ce pe monela lui Iliag
    t,iir.1'ur.ilt srrnt
    IO|tjl1jt|e.tllt.i.]]"t,i'c.c''t.1l1il::atir:[e:lsen-lcncltcledeltstL.ll":I.SeLlne!i1e1lr.iribr..tt,'llc:jtls
    ;i'rlt rlt iL tii.i It''-'Ltltii si:ll': lr r.tt,-i'Ji: irir'r)
    ' cni rr,ldrrcd.r rrnepi-erald.-lit- ,a)r,,rul clc, jlr Sosnitli litr.i-
    irtirtil: iri 'lcoi.lrrr-.[(or-iirtot,i"] ciire il1.c pe ilV131.5 6, srglii aserniinitr-_arc
    cu ctei.i dt: pe gtuntpiia
    illc'rrliri,i':tlt'' clssrltr ^:l(i{l'i,r .rab. l,!,r). I)aca e insa sa ncceptam
    cir iigUr-r asemiinlto,:rrc cu sislla
    1,1 csrL,' illl:r3\,ir clecit r.cilt._.zen.ru.e it
    't.t it't t' lal.peiur, iar. ct.ucea la nti.jl'c ,i",,,,u;;;';;r;;;;; ;,,;;;i;:;
    i.sLlll'| 1tute rll pr(lst.iili-tne rri la nil'cl sernrantic accst inse:mn cle pe rjcut i.'- slmbcl]i:za
    ':lii (lll \'aleIujtrj (:'1'. Ilirtt',. :;1'. iihco-ghl reprezenlil_
    siLrr sf. DLrinitru) carc birue ballLulrj.
    iiilirr;itUl tlomnit:i lrtr lil:).rtnclt-r cci iJun pi in,:cpLrtLrl ilonrrirei lui
    Ilras sunt rnarcatc cle o iir-
    (l{ll'cil|c r'le ltbltttcloni.ri'e ll vilsir ,tiiii, pcione
    ;i Ce intililen alianici cu Lrtul.,r,rit. Astl'el. la datl cle tg
    iit;'ti i l-1.1. Ili.t; r'lt itltrtt'i L] .rn.ta cu Lrlirania OiilinLrl Ciivrler-ilgr
    (jinrr'titsclrr [996' 2":;). Attunte itr lcerste conclitir,
    ;i T'e utonr contra poloniei
    cr-eclcrn ca, IIiag Ll scceprat insen-inele srrimogrlor
    '!i'i' (lril linia llunicri dr-rpii f-irlrl). c:arc jn a clourr lunritatc a secoluir.Li Xt\i yi incepr:t,l
    secolului ur.-
    itliitol il Li:ltllninLlt l-ln lcIilcirttl cuprins intre Carpati llr vesi gi N{1scor.a la
    est. M;rrea Balticii la
    tt:rl'cl :'i \1[rrrelr i-eai;t'l.l le s;i-trl . [ti:icpinil clin ce]e,-^p,,r,,
    conchiclerrL ca cnritefea acestol.cloLra trp'rr
    tl :': ltt' lllcl{l ai-l llvl-lt Ille}lirr::li rJ.'rt ilcc{llrlu;r tirientarea
    lrrtipolona a ILri.tiiag;ri a s;Lrblinia legituri le
    cl': sii'1,:e l'ilc clonlnltliti t'u nei rlul Koliat,lvicilor, nLrrstia gi
    rmpc,r-tan1.a cir.ura, pentru istoria zo-
    trr:l. t trtj et'iL inci o t',:alit.rte lr accl oiil (cihoclarui
    '[99(J. 38; Gorole i llgg1.36-3l.Gorover
    il l-1':i[l)' I-uinrl 'in r:onsidertt te sitttitlra politicit de ctLLpd ]r.roartea lr-rj Alexanclru cel Bun, lgg7.
    in co-
    llll-111 il1'ol'rj.LI celo ('\i)Llse anf :t'iot', cl'crdem cd nloneclcle
    <tin tipurile diite all fost bitutc in primul
    irlr '11 'rr)nlilie i liri tlia;;i. tiu ttLai Lin''t.iu tJr: clata omasirilui sdii neconclitionat
    (clupd bitirlia de la
    ii.irrcrs,lr';rin, lir rlirta dc 3,[) nr_,r mbne t.+:]:l) cljn 3_-5 iunie 1433.
    l-oto<lati aceastd monecli poate
    s(:1'\l i-il unlt dl ntrr: tl0t'e:ltle irr:ontestabilc ale l'aptr,rJui cir sotia lui
    Rorrran I. mam, lui ,\lexrinclrLr
    ':cl Eittrr 5i i:rtittit:lr lui liia;; it fcir;t l'iica. soril saLl ncpollta lui Iurii Koriatoyici.
    ,6], r i: la _1 r: orri
    __--,Rc tlyg]gsi !a!,-S cr-r n

    .$ilL
    w
    '{frr ffi J-
    7i *r

    7h

    *r!
    .*.1*
    t

    r\ln,
    ./ \1/
    iJ
    \
    'l-alr. 1: 1 rtonerja drn r:,rlec!ia l.,iNU: 2 moneca din c:oleciia iilNlU; 3 prim,a monedd ciin Dunae,;ic (desco-
    1eritrii anteiiicr arrulur 2::(iJ4).4 a cicr:a rncneda din [Jurraevic (rJescop:ritd in anr-l:?C01.); 5 Stampila lui Ale-
    xancilu K,r'ia,l,:v cir 5i,,r fotografier qtam;ii!ei llri Alexarrdru Koriatovi:r de pe gr. rJin 1375 (f1,rrcpineu,u,
    tlaasoe 21132t);!>b dest:,rul gtamprlei lui Alexandru Kr:,tiatovici de pe gtr. dir 1375 (flarnep 199C,); 6 rnone-
    da lui llia; (tip l\/') lLu:irn g.a. i977),7a deserne dup: monecie lui lii;rg (tip V) ilucian g.a. 1977)',71,t nto"
    rreder Iu! ll iis cliri cr:ler:1 a particulara urmeazer sa lie t;ublicate; 8 setnul heral,Jic de pe stamptla dubla a
    'r-eodor
    lui Tcodor iloriatovici tl-cropirg1,s, C,asaoe 20Aq,9 nroneda atribuila Iui Coriatovici (l-ili-opirreLls,
    (lars$cs 20{14 ).
    11,21!i ,1;1/-/ s! _! _ _ _

    -_ 363
    EIBLIoGRAI'IE

    '''""'::lii,1ll
    (lrirtilar.u i990: C Cih,.rdanr.,t\le:t,rndru cel .3un
    l(.hiqindu -l91)0).
    Iliesc ri igtl'0: O. Iliescu. NloneJa
    ir it<tmanil tllucurcsri 1970).
    ut''"';i;,,i:)l;,,'i;,,f1"'t'*'' K'rr 'rt.*'ie"'t p,.r,,,,ttori'ie [-irt'zanskich i (]zarr,ryskich. Miesiecznik
    herard'czny
    filrr'r,,ci llrl1 5t S. (irtr.ove,i. .!frr:; rtirrii {tiiriqintu 199 I;.
    (..i'.r11ii1-1 l!t9i: $t S' cit)r'tlvci. intt:trreie.ea A,loldovei. prorrler'r;
    I{erli; lE!)!): c..tr()\,er"sate (raqr
    l9{)71.
    Co'prs it,fr'r1..,rum ri,,,-,gur,..
    T- Rr:tiry.
    l-ucirrtt 5't'' 1":)7/" o LLrcian" (i. Blr'rchigan, ii3urlapei;t irigg).
    t.: ,i:. op,...r,, Mone,le, ,;i
    Sr,rn:i l9li.l: \/. S:,pinei. M'1,-lcr,ru bon.note rcminr:;;ti (Bucurei;ti 1977).
    ir seJole,ie.Xi _ XI\, (tsucureqti l9g2;.
    i1:ir,:i l9!).1: \', Sprlrcr. M'Ll.,,,lr in sec.lclr ,{l -
    XI\,(Clriginiiu -,99.1).
    ;ttllittlllchr.j99rl:i'$imirrl.schi'(.rzir1ltllitic.irdin,\{odol,a
    ... l.rf r ..r\.D. X:nrtlrrrl', XlriXlll, 1996. ?-t-3+.
    lla\t(rnt ,l!)74: I-pirr,rorrr XI\/,1 r. (t,.ij,r 1974)
    - [:ttltt.'11 l!l!t0: A. lj. jlar, lcp. p1,ccr,.ir,! t.ci]a.,tb-ll11t
    (Nlocxer L9!)0).

    Attutol Gor,cclettt;o
    ()
    Sc eI o A ttr t o po ! o.q i c ii ;) u p e r i oa rii ; C,:t e d ri t d e Is I orie a c iv i I izal iei ELr,,oy.rs17g,
    .yt r. Zittrb nrl tt i .t ()a, Cltisitturt,
    Republ ictt fu[olt!t.n,u.

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    .

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    I'.' ;tt:c n''ie' rtc-lle[(] t{ rl(. \{JI'elll'a-qi}\I fpa}roT'. Iitlr.lart, T:l}i iKc .i(aK LI oretl,
    ItolLIepiiiI.fIla.n
    \1(!]il-t{..l'b1p]l';,Ii3jl\.,'II|,,I,]lr-'t]l,'.1l]]l:i(:x{.lI;:,IJ.tzLc.lttcll,|}I,B()Bl]C]u'IcBoefC|npaBjIerII,I
    n.);riil- r-rBi.irl l:i 1.1(i6 -..r\rllour,: t,oAi\ i'r[]Ha(lfbrirro i.oi(osoli o6poit
    r] ila:i]{epe l0t3 neur.e1ranr,r r,1,_
    ti|rrc'Ij r'DiR l9:il. ri. v'ol. I, I'i"Il .tl4: IJosclan i9l-:a, N! l-XI; DRII
    1()j(t, voI.lt, ,Nls l3-5). a i;
    I'i7l I -:j[)0 iicrrl]-rlj .DiR ;).14, A. r'ol. l, -N! 4.5:: Bogclan lgllla,.lVL XCIII: DRH i97C.. vol.
    ll, '\:l l'l61. iii:'-rr:c'l'(ll'o. ()Ii ji,Bauirltrr.ratrnJ IlYrrrerrcrtonry a,or,,,,rrbrillo rro 100 aeHrelrcr(r.l\ 1io-
    rorbr.\ (Drl{H l!i76 r',1 II" r','r 207; DRrir r97(1. v'r. II. l\e 20g).
    BouraH,3a rBa ro-ra cBoer.c)
    ill)aB'-lerllllt (l5l:1-i51:i Ir..) E,ttt-IIarn.rr,l1,o6poB:rlri,or\rv, Mo-r4or:uqxoN,r\.,
    Ilyrneucxor,r),. plii:r-
    ,!IlKOrl:,'IIOIIiI!ti,tp,1t\t rr t\rH'ffi :)tIC)_.tur]\r Ii'Olraria rr rl.i,raBrl uO g00.raTapCKyX 3OJtOTL,rX, rrTo B
    rr(irui:ii c-rl()ilillo{rrn (jocli:lEiILr, o'7200 rarallcr(r4x :loiror6rx (DIR 1953,
    A, vOI. I. "l\& g-S-g9, g7).
    C-.'irrill llo l'e\I isllei,lel'la\'l tte \!a,rrarr. rJit:l'ru.{et{bl-pt \ro}KrIO 6u-,io
    trpnodpecrrt 6o,ree rBVX re-
    )t:>6 ._ *-\gpy!c A hco/ogriqrl._5iri 9 49]J!:!

    ,;lt]'KoB cij; c npy,lliu\l2l li NIerr)ulular\ur. )l(a.iryl faKHe cyNl[,tbt 6,lrrlarr H€ Tt)JIbKCr ]/Kperrnrin Bep\/
    B U(:])KOLib. IrLi l{ CrJi:iri.
    flpl.rr.:vrcTe[:ie rli c()i.)1'llBe '1'e]aBpilqrlil l-{eFrcr ocr,raircxor,i 'f1'prtlrr,r, Beurplln u JIu'r'etr, Heco-
    It(illll(). _\ h"i ;l,l llile
    lill illrTl{lliliiulilt' itltiFat}J1cilt4r{ il.'()it'J\!iir{:lstiil\ c8g Jei4 c'i paHbt . c.toZiilB-
    \l
    lliilt:Cfl elLii:1i ItOCrilc.'{ll iC:leCfl1'l.l.lLr1'llt B,rlaC'rB()Ba}iur C'r'eC[aHa l]e:ritxOrO. L{'rti r.aCaeICfi jlX(y-
    rlIf;lclilix \io,]el:'. Tr:] ,.rlf II. nr) P,cc]t BIli{trN{c)ct ii , tIB,tt{Io'f cirt pe.rt]1KT{Jt\r 11e Hex(Itofo o6pililt.eHrli{
    ,X, l'! i;. -.['arcur'r rt6pa:tti,,r, {]ecencxlri.r Ii.qaJi rBjrrrercr peJKr{nr rro cocr.aB,v u AarcK(.) rJe r{{lqep-
    I ;i lt H l)l t\t,il.ftt{ I 1i c,rt c.li() Ft; t H i{r{.

    ffia
    ."e.1'' :ia

    ' l:{ *o
    f:jl{
    *q,':';

    :] 4il

    Pr,rc,1: '1 -1il t,tc-.r.e '-a EorAana ill 2-2a M()ireril [!crrgara lll; 3-3a rv'loH.:}ra 6orgaxa lll: 4-4a MoHera
    5r;rf aHa lll.
    ._, ', ,,r, i -,!.-,1

    6Nsnrorptort

    ll., rr ,,r l,) j. \.\ ii,,.,,-1 ,; ,,,,.;,


    j..rrir',, ,, 1g;u.,. ti t:i'olrotr l{)12-Itrt3 rr. u
    - 'r.rririlr H ir,lo,r 1a:r,.r
    fl,, r.:..rrri;iu
    (
    i8E.r:9.
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    rci: /
    :\pxeo-rrorilLrecKr're rrccjrcr{r-
    r(i;s, i"iii,:1,::1,':'l']
    .i ;?,-*l
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    I:}illi,lt;r,i:.I-r;.,i];.j]:;'I;.1J]ll.,l.]lii.lii'.:i:ii:i::,;l;'.i:'H,.j::J::;::ii:j*,lllllll;:
    re;rr If l-l).
    lJl'i:,,1,.rnl!r l.ll: I. Bogdan, I_),ri.,,,r.,
    tte ltii $rcfu';.el rr{(!,!,
    'i:str :9il). S,{lu.er. t,i,l. i. Hrisr
    \('r. r. nilsou|c qr c5rti ciomnegti 1157_1492.
    nr. }icIII (BucLr_

    ,:ir:rni,: FlPi). I 954)


    I)t{}{r9]6ll]ocirr:,lcl)ii'f()l]1:ljlli|cJrirtlr.ir'-lt.,\'Ito]rlilra,r,il]'II{l.j9-l48(l)'
    I)llli l'76r I)Ociirnentr f:):nan[re
    i-i,rorrr];i. ,\ \,1,;lcjovl. ,ot it
    f)iltl ')r(;: D'citllte tiii t',rttt;rriric ;ri;rtii'i.ii. f i++q i+f,Of rrr.. i76 (1.]ururc_sti
    .\, \,l,ki.r,a. .,,,t. ti tir,rn ,+sor." l!176).
    nr.. ll,ll7 ([iucuresti i!)7(r)

    (I(''i1'|'.).t|lt|1k|t!'1litttttttii]'tittt',|7l-,:eu..,'o?ttt'tt.|)tlttio:ptt4liitt''1l':cti):l'llttst
    .:'t'')ht,'it|.l,ltto.ltttit6.stt.\.'.lec'x.l'-tj.loottli-J'illl;,li.rli::]i|,,,,,,,'.,ji,,.
    1
    Roi-qlrr,'lrh qllqc!-c4 S-.ry i, nail
    t,rr:J

    'l' nnrora u N,A srA'lt t., I'lll PALEoLlrl cE 0 rnrtrull

    Anatolie Dtavid, Chisinau

    .itit'-"(' tttiL'-oit0iIit:r-tlc-:lr'1::' 1i itttttttgttl-t:tt \'o|)tTL sLtlt,tt' ti '

    .trl)ltitlli?.

    pi.i.rii.e st"rlrurriie l)lrlr:r,rlirrr,:i-ilrrr inl'erior drrr iiepirblicli \{olrici'a clcosebit irriel'es i'ub l:spcct
    lrri,.irrrtrc pr.erinla []1,i nri - rrfla Cjntre ceie: nriii vechi
    in J)Ltrt(lll cie sttd-v'est a EurOpei cle L'st
    1a incsputLll seco}r-rlLri XX in grotii clc pc coits-
    {Kr:rrJrap.i lg'73; chctnL.r,r igg5,r. .A l'osi clc:rcopcrita
    ilr cr..rl1d a,"tincti c1: viigiiuna..liip" lui l'v{rf'tci" din salul Ofirtlnli laiotiui Ribnita
    'irlc'lu.dl' G.i?. Selgheer' (Ceprees l(')50)' apt'r
    ri,i1":, l), ,.lar;.1 i.r.)st ctr-,ti,,,,1i 3frtr;,1 irr anrrl tt)-1(i,:i,: arheologul
    calitate cle paleozclolog 9i autorlll
    l:n l9(;-i ,Je.trhr::olcgf i N A. Clhetrat'tt. li, .a]'e ;i particiPat in
    ,.rce,t,:i cornitntcitt'i. ilLr in rnii 1q7l-197-r rle N'A'
    Cfrctra'ru inlpreund cLr N'K' Anrsiutl<rn
    . Il.e'tlt:tpr' 1t)[i2 )
    ' r\r,ilrcr.l'rrrp
    (
    stratui'i de culturi unrana-ltcheulcanI int'c-
    ir., pr.o.:e sril sirfitiril,rr r.irheoiogice i;r celc, Jor-rir
    iLri irier or) ir *gste rii rrir ,lni,,r:lui sLrperirx') iru fost
    colci:tltle pi:s1e 2 nrii dc reslLirt sche letLce de
    cle buciitit-rt" ale oamenilOr
    rniirarfcrc ,r lri,, ciriL.. ( Lij)ir stinei-i ior dc pistr';.rre. Plezrntir ,.rerstLtl'i
    i-]iIic,r}]iti.:iti.i:.]-3)'lv,iljot.ititt:ltc,seilin.'eitll.lt'tlfclstactlnateirrtinrpulspdtllri
    lr.lv{trz:er'tl Na!ional ce Etnoglitflc 5r
    ;i 1t)(t:i. NIu.,:r.irlr:i,: iir,tccl0gir-:c c.itl iinul l9r'i(i,cleclefozit:rLe
    V"l. Zitl-rlrcr 1131'6apena 1949)' iar celel:Lite tic
    Istrrr.-,e I\ielullil:i C.tn Ci- ;;,tr5it" ,trt lost cercetiltc
    xeltlt'1-ar:riistice l'osilc din Nloic'lo-
    A.l. Du'rcj ( .)u'r11 tgt,, r) 1: se :rtii in colr:c1ia lVluzcuriut conlple
    ,,'r tl Itts iituttrl'ti 'Jc Zo'.rltl5lrc lrl '\.$'l!'l'
    fost ?nlegistt-ate
    (lcli: rrlt tltulti:: c,:lic pro\in cittt r;[1'xtr-ll cultttritl inlelror iii sta!ir-rnLi' in carc ar't (tibiu'
    pr1n1r0 care mancribrrle qi unele oase ale mernbrelor
    i.:ite,rn,.rr,iomcrii.r cic r-,irniigite sc:ireretice.
    ci.l' lrizon; a' Gt'osirnet strutu]ui de ortse
    *ri-,:.irc)dii et:.) lnlr',::51r rlu iu's c1l-lte!teri. t:'enli-ci:-pe$tcri.
    lnustcrilir s-irr-r gisit rllit pufrne ortse' insl comporlentlr
    s;pecr-
    1rr lli:ele locr-r ri i,rtingelL .10 crrr. In stratul
    ].tc:il,tll'tl'ie1.,'rtintli]i:er.l;leccar-|in'rrir,clLrlirr1.erl'c,..Unele)|ts,(ji]L1
    :rciiVitiit it.llrrrrlr.rr llc;lnil.I'lillian clit-l lLci:lc tinipuri. rtt'i-t-ie de
    dinti clc hiena slu leu'
    *,{.,r
    %'-
    ,.,..$tff*
    f,i
    ), . t'4\

    :il r*,#li
    :,4# ''" ;.5i:
    drrr*
    t'r*s
    ',f 1
    , r,_i .: :j!

    .. r:,
    '''ii#
    I

    .'*l'

    Tfi${f'.fi*
    " -,.;'l ;
    :'*',
    r. r.:;-\l
    'r:
    "
    ;n

    i:].3:.:i/J'
    It r.

    Fig' ' 'l ciroter cLl s atiunera cal:::liiictl cle la ofatinti par.ial dr-tr:riorata (vedere oenerald;foto de
    N. chetraru)

    in rezuitatltl ccrcctirrii rnale r'lalelrrl ostcolo-qicr) inte,q-al


    s-a stabilit ur.mdtoarea componentii sis-
    {r:r.iirtici"t: (llnis Iupus L., \/ulp,:s vulpes
    I_., Virlpes rp'." Cro.uta sp,elae,r (Goldi..), Ursus
    l'L<'lse'n" Panthera Srrellr:era iGoldf spelaeus
    ), ochotona spelaerLls (ju,en, Lepr-rs sp., Dicrostonyx g'ilielnri
    \'ficrc'tLir'; sp., vlanrm;tirrrs prrrrigenius (BrLun.;, sanf..
    Equus ri,tipes b.on,., E.{.Asinus) hicrrLrntinus Reg.,
    ['oe locr' )nlil alltiquitatis (]3llr'rrn.), -ervus elaphus
    L..'Megaloceros giganteus BIurn., ILangit'er. taranclus
    [-.. I{upr,:a1rr"a rliprci]pl-a 1,.. Ilis.. priscus me diator
    Hels;.
    Ivlllrjrlrirntc-a animllelo''rlnuritiirate au fost consemlate, in ambele str.aturi
    clc culturi umanir, j.nsf,
    de ltn rrunrarr dife[it c]t: remjnisrce ttte, nrai mr:lte pro,lenind,
    dupd cum s-a menfionat mar sus, clin stra-
    tul inf'erior'(ucheuleatt), Doar rel;turile cle hidruntin (miqrr
    european) au fost inregistrate numai in
    strltul lcheuiean, iar cele rle ierr:ring-cLr-copite (determinnt de
    v.I.Gromo,r la fafa Iocului in timpul
    viz:.te i strrtiu'ii) qi capra neagra - exclr.rsiv
    in str.atul mus;terian.
    Marrlilcl'ele nrari nrentioniif i au f'ost caprr:rate cle,u'inSlorii
    neandc].talierni in rmprejur.imile statiLr-
    nii, manll'err:le m;tcr au nimerjt irr stratul cte culturd intimprl[tor (in
    cautale,a hranei, ascunzi;;ului slir-r
    clin excrcmentr:ie pasa rilor rripitrr .l.e nocrurne).
    clclt: m;il mttlte rSrnirlile sc:]lr;:letrce lparlin calului -- 527
    de la 23 inclivizi. Ele constdu clin frag-
    mettte 'dr-: rnarilare' r'et'lebre. coasle qi de cliverse oarie,
    rnai cu seamd tubulrrre, ale membrelor. intreg,
    tiau ciol'c:diI a ti unele rnetapocili r;i fiilange, astragalri,
    mai multe masele ir,,otute.;;;;;;,r;;;;,j.
    rlus<:lor nrernbrclor, ir spe,:ral ;tl: nretallocliilor
    li falang,:lor, osemintele sunt atribuite lui Equus
    ialtires' Dc exemplu. Iungimea i"nitximii medie a 5 exempllre de
    metac)arp {'canon anterior) constitue
    l241rnrn. idtirleaerpifizei superi,t,:trea,Lr-rr-57.6mnr, ldlimea diafizer*4irnm,
    lEiimeaeirifizei inf-e-
    [icta'e la rrivelul tLrlberculilo;r.suprrarticulari 54,9 nun; lungimea
    -
    litjnrel epifizei superio;lre a er --5i mm. ldfimea epifizei Lf.,-ronr. 52 rr-rm;
    maxirnd aL primei falange -9g mm.

    rnn:t eti: ri,llaulr;1 1974',, Aceasta sltercie cie: cal a fost larg rilipinditd?n
    - lilimea copitei - 93
    F,aleolit (pleistocenul superior)
    in rt:giunrle cle sr"rd ale Iiuropei cir: Est, inclusrv in.\{oldo,za, fiind unul di;n obiectele
    principale cle
    t'dnit ale ontului iraleo)itic (;l{aBrra l9'74,, 1980; Iie:iau 1986; Ky:rnrcta I()97;David,
    Obada 1996:
    Dav d, r[]rndratiuc 200 t, 20("t3: Condratiuc. 20t11).
    Reui slri .4 rh CS!g'-Cil&f n ott n
    )t0 -
    ---

    '$Bh'
    :try'

    , , ,2 C(n

    ' t CWI

    -, ,rJ

    Fig. 2. Fe,sluri scheletice ale unor mamifere mari de


    la stallunea
    pilleolitic6 Ofatinii: f -tii.eua c)arnisierd superioara t,Pm4) a
    hienei-de-
    d: rnamut;..3-mesea superioara a rinoceru-
    ;;,91;;;, 2-mdsr-'a de lapte S-frilgment de man0l-
    irri-'c,u-blanri; 4-iragment: de marrdibu16 de ren;
    btrIitjeler-r-cle.pegterd;6-frilgrrrentdemanciibuld.leurs-de-pegtera;
    7 f ragment de rnandibulS de c<.'rb gigantic'

    (26)' ii revine tlrsu-


    I_clcul <i,ri, clrupd de oase (;150) ;;i primui, dupd nunrirul de indivizi
    'r.lmarul
    l'ost inrr:qislrate, ar:it iir ilraturile de ':ulturd
    umand, c?t 9i in nigele de jos din
    lr-ri-cle-pe;tera .Flie
    'u
    perelir ilrot*i. rn 1u'rr r gr-oterln str-atur cle
    j.rs s-au crescoperit porliuni de c'aniLr pi maxilare, f''ag-
    falrnge: $i artere cri, ra animale de drferite v?rste
    individuale'
    rner.lte rnari ,ce oase l.uirulare, metapoclii,
    cale igi aveau aici birtogul pini la ocuptrrea ei
    de
    fapt ce perrnrte sri pri:supunem ca,aie apartrn uiqilor
    de oase tubulare 9i de mandibule' mul{r dinli
    izct-
    .amenii palcc,litici. i,r rirrtu.i s-au gAsit fiagmente
    foarte rna', de animale b[tfne' I'ragmente de corott-
    la[i , prr ntre ca.re canini q;i m6sele cle dime,nsr'rtni qr vl:
    de lapte' o ramura mandibulari cu caninr'rl
    ne de canirLi ;i nnf,se:lt:: cle premolari fara rdcldcini interes o rarnurd ce
    la indivizi r;ineri. Preziritd
    a'ea reqind ra supr.alri;d (Mr $i rv{z suni cazuli) de M1' catl-
    exteri.oard in regiunea mdselelor Pagi
    r'andibuiI clestul cle r-rasivd cu o umfl[trird pe l]artea
    in trmpul vielii animalului'
    it'ti cle o b'ald, in re:t'Lltatul ciirea dtnlii nrenli,rrlali au c6zttl cc e caracteristic pentru Oasele de urs-
    vaflaz|mult,
    Dimensiunile resti-rilor si:hel:tice cercetate
    David2004)'
    <1r-pegrerd lin alrc sllr1runi paleolitice din R. Ivloldova ([aeaa 19801
    IiS. t. Sl"i:rqrafiar stariurrit arhec,ioqice c.in orora de la Ofertin{i(dupa
    uepre€)B 1{ l[r): 3-st,.atut rJe cultlrj rnusterilna,
    5-striltul de cultura
    aclre.rlt;arir

    l-'r:'sr-rl-de-periter'ai e cc,ns;icit:r'ut.
    carnr\oi'.mar mult vrlrr€)tarian, desp,1.9 care fapt
    t'l-i su1.rt"llet'3i mdrtunsegte structu-
    rniistlcitl'oltl'c il nti,iseieior'. Folosea mai cu'seamb
    fr-ucte, pomu$oare, rdddcini mLrstoase
    r1t: plurrte ierrboase. pl;.rnte trnere gr
    fragile, s,e hrhnea, ?nsa. gi cu anima]e rrici.
    L'rtca'i'i5 cie reitutt'i rschel.:tice aparLin rnamrrtulrri
    rr:;cie' lillre dcntal'e srlpararte. 1';'lrgmenie
    il-5 inclivizi), pr,-clomind fragmente clc mf,-
    cle cliverse oase rle scheleturlui
    lndiVtz cic ciifr:r'itc \''il-ste. Ai-i f'ost evir1entrate qr c?te.va loostci-anial provenite rJe ra
    por'fiuni atr: cutiei craniale. Merit[ menrr-
    orille () tnisca dr: laPte (lrrern'tlat'ul doi supenor'.- Pcl2.
    iorpr.,, clin 6l:rme, cu lungimea totald de
    :'i'l rnttt ;l lritimera ccttlltltei 3'{ tnm), crre i,ipaltinc
    unui rui de marrrut dr: aproxinrativ l,-5-2 anr, gi
    ul irntil rnrlllr inferirrr ('Nt:), unica ntris;el irproapi3 inrrerrgi
    a unui animal matur (colectia Muzeu-
    ILt' Naii.tl,l de Etncl;rafir: gi Irt.rie Naturald
    a l4olclovJi din chigindu), care, clupd frec'e'fa
    rnilrri r'(:'ji-7 litme lit i{-) r:nr ltr;tgimer a coroanei) gi grosimea sm:rlfulli la-
    t.1,6-2,0nirn), estc atribuit,
    crl'L 1;i t'clelalte f|agrrente cle ri:;isele
    precum qi oasele scheletulur postcranral, l,ormei timpurii
    a
    ntlttntttt'Llui' starera ftltgmcntari a mise lelor'^pgi,:
    explicatl prin f irlosirea lor l;i spargerea c)ase-
    lr'11 tuSlllare pentl'u erlt'ag,:reii tttidur,'ei. li
    in R.Moldova aceastir formri cle manrut a fost ?nr.egistratd
    cio,if 1n ,litci,a loc;alitati rl,l)1aeu,t l9g5; Dai,icl 2003).
    Llrrrrl clintre' irrrirrrtiele preferate de vinat ale locatarilor
    stafiunii paler:lrtice ofatin{i a fbst biz.-
    rlLll' ci-lrC d3S Se 'intilnr:a pe plqirrnile boltate in veg.etaire
    er-boas5 diri lun,:a fluviului Nistru, despre
    ci-rre frr'l ne nri'tur;se,sc ccle per,,te 29c cle rcsturi
    s,:heietir:e "de bucirrririe,,cre ra circa 20 cre indivrzr
    erjtrlti si trit]'5ni. descoperille ?n ;tt'aturilc cle culturii umand, preclominind
    r:ele din s;tratr-il cie: tos. Dr-
    n'ictrsit-tr ile itnor tlase (ldtirnca elri{'izei proxirnale a
    radius.rlui - 117,0 mm, li{inrea epiftzeicJrstale a
    tillic'i -'')l,0mnr, lunpimclgi 1ril mea<listald a astragalului
    lr inirnlle d:stul de Vis,l-ticl'ase' tr.i Il. l4oldova ramiipile screletice -92,0gi respe,;tiv-59mmetc.)provrnclc
    cle bisorr au fbst inregistrate la cir-
    ca [5 st:r[iuni paleoiit;tio, Illtii ntrtlte fiincl colectate la tluruitoarea Ver:he
    in stratul r]e culturi acheu-
    le rrrr.i tlirzie - 1060 cie la 2 t incLi"izt,in stratul
    magclalenirLn cie Ia aceeagi statiLrne
    iLnttralc. la Brin;lerrr I icLrltu|a lizeleti:I, B|inzeni) - :6,C tle la 2l bjzr>nj (,,Janw;119g0; --564 de la 2-5 <je
    l{xl3j rlr 13ruzdrr.le*i (cLrJtura n-rlrsr,.rriand) - 190 cle Ia l2inclit,izt. David, Rusu
    &LrL4,-,rl d q.q Lcllll=-S s i:: tv"'-'i
    1:1 .1 -
    qr peliculoSii Iinoccri (l(i rncliVrzt)'
    anclertrllr:nrr stiLtiLrnii ofatiriti vinau cle asemenea criri,rrq;ii
    J\e
    cll coarne r-rriage 5i splencllde ('l rndr-
    srari,r$ii ccrt, nol.rili rl"l animalc). rmpozlntii cerrbr grgantici
    teni p{)li.r,ri (li inrliri::i), cirl'e srinl inregistra{i pentnt prtmr,t ciiitd in
    pdltile xlotlstl'tr' hrene-de-
    'iz.i).
    ,itest.r.i (1.1 Lrrrlirrzi) -- cuntir.,orc rnai nrult tioctutne, hratt;l clilora cr:-)l-istittlia ?n spe':ial
    caclaVrelc

    lrLimale Iot .

    leul-cle-pestcl"a (,? itnirnalc) eriru nimicite. probabil'


    ca trnimale ripr-
    Luprul ('i inciiyrzi), lena $r
    It'llit-e:, l:iLie
    ijCi|lllic1r:.rl'gt-tierrt,::c|r':mrttlclibLile1ialeunol.
    Ltn,tir-Irirn(lil.,uiciJelti'.:ltti(lungitnclP:-\{r-90'0nrm'lung.irni:ilcrlLOltneilLri\4r-32'2t'trni'litinrel'
    cle lett cu rnilseiele' P+ $
    mlrirli 111i;tit cienliti,l in l'egttlric.i lur Pl-10.0 lnnr) 9r a rltlure i cie slin5la cor.anei lui lvll -
    lVI alr,,:olelr: lrri I],r 5r crrrii'iilr.ti (l''-tinte;r rilr,C.litt'l-r P:-VI -80,{l mnr,
    ir.tngimea
    fiimtll't-i
    j.r,() nrrn. lurgrnrr-'ir :11 ;rtirle, 11l1soici ciurinulLii - 35.0 mnr:ii le sper:tir'22'0 rnm' irtiltilr-reli
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    c1,. 1t1''1i irt cl -' i.i itiiLi i i't ttt;'tttrl i " ig'-trtl;t
    oti-ipil iilllpr-trie de clezroltat'e {'errrrlutre ) lr
    .Asr:,ciatil larLnistr: i r,-,,jcleptiati in arsarLLrlu constitue
    tcittlf.:':.t.tneiI)letSto..:ertr'tIttisittpre.rior.(.epocatn1ell.p.lttciat.iRis.\,\/ur.l-rsl'1losib
    (ohotonit Je sleiri' manrutttl' Caltrl' rnir'gltrul eut'.-
    1ir crii-cii pi.e.,,lil caitil s,1lcr:illc rlc stepir 1l sil'o-steii
    ulsuri-cle-pegteri,etc.). iilsotrte c1e rLnri rei)rc-
    pciLn. r.ir.rt,ce ,.ir,. c.er.bii rrobil ;;i 5ligirntic, reul-cie-1;egterr,
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    rt lllclt ':0lll'tnll) ,,-:--+: ..r^,.,.., -it in1.-,.r-< i si rt teriL:,iarjnii Pale-
    StilIiitrt.:alrlrle,rrlili"aOllrlintrp:.ez-tnt;Lcleosclitintciesi)entILllSt(-)].]autllan;l
    rri:itcltl (fig''1)'
    cr'il'L- iltl avut lt:c" in .\1i:llcltll'li
    nr,lc cle c.t-c*t'''c .rCt irlcrniirultri .iiri Eurc'1la'

    ,' s!,
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    \-rIdJ
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    de cercetare a
    tri,:r, zl. litalr rea paleolitica Ofatinli vizita'ta rle participanlii Congresului Internalional
    t (anul 1 982)
    'ltiaterrrr'atltlu
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    BraLlocHnrre

    1. i:r: [-..zeie ct.. j:rinlt:i tirrt:r I ,r,_.erccralt,,ri t, A S.M. (Chigirrliu ]001t, i7.
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    r.},;;,;;;;; - (r i;cr.nibr.re 21103, 122_12-r.
    '\' aln n itc,t..lu".. ryrrg.,r,ii XIrj. 2004.6o-67.
    \,rri.:.rrlcir: ('.ricrinii:i .t\/ ii li oiogir()r-d'F: r\{.id.,,.u. ciri;in.u 200r.2-1g_27g.

    l, ln. e i.olLrtiu 5i tt,Llt rcu tiirtr r;irifii r-egnLr!iLranintrri ;i I.eg*r;ri {(ihiSiniLr:10{):1. t2,r-129.
    ii lir.)it \1().,l ii.rnrlr. lJ c,l: iiPo j ()yhr aln.l.t()ri{rreHa N{cl.rrlaerlir
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    r( -lL

    l(r'!ol li)i-i)_.,ti1tre,la (.C(_ i,. rKrli, ller: 197-+),


    -l_52.
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    t),S.i;,1 .11.,,.1as,_1,
    vro-uasnr (firru_rurree I9g()).
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    I,,\jl. :l;,.r r( arrrr_llsr.epiti,pr lgl),i)


    ( ( ll I iij fr I 9.';/, ): i'. j-|. C rp -.ea. l-lr.r.t.,t r, t lrr ire.,r;ci<:.i
    :(r.']i]-!lr.Ir(,Jl{|:tltt|lU.l6Uii:i,lcli),illKaB|pole.v'cBsIxgal.IlIjIlbI.Crlger.cxl,}'lapXe0j|oI.l,l'.l2'9.5[).

    Atttttolic l)nt'itl
    Itt'rrittrtttl dt' z-itoloqic, t\r'urrertttu
    $trittie ritt Repttrtrit,a irlc;r,:irt,a,
    cr,::
    .\r)'. ftcu(tetniei l, lll D-2025. Clti.;itttitr
    d .3jglL -s u L e_t o u Li
    , --- --e=$!A "
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    Mr:rpooTtlflt4ttECKA,,;+ l43MEHLl14BOCl-b 3iyE;OB


    Mr H M3 NIICnOTUS GREGALIS PALLAS
    H3 pACti onoK [1AI1EOnilTL1'{E'3KOH CTOtIHK]k1
    EysAyxeHu 1

    B uoprxa l-lacr<aPY, Kutt-ut'tHeY

    nro11t.ttipttrt - h4'

    .1/; 'r.l t1r 1t1ft1t1,1'1111u; \[

    ()tt" t.E ,'.tt tttt!!t \'(t) it'l!


    rlLtictti Q t'1,'lto (t)t t l tt' :\i ortlt
    I)f't r ,4'l''

    BeeAeHne

    Nr].rrrpo'reprio$ayrrr'r BepxHefo 11i1sI'ic1-1tlleH3


    n._iresxir l!4i[:rot'i gregarrs - ()6siqHsrii r-rreH,resr crl-
    clie-ileTHbIe ocTa'KH H3B..'THE'I U3 n;retic'*lueHoBblx
    lloc.t.o.rrtori L:.nponrr. \lHOt-.l.rrtc-qeHHLIe €)e (I-porwor 1957)' u3 a3va'r'
    (l-1;or'roe l96l)' flono-rt;tit's
    ..rcr;xeurrii !''patlur,l (f't:ttoeeU 1t985), Kpsma
    Ara.f'nu"'i''' Moryrr<o l97Z) II JIp'' a TaKiI(e M'u'l
    aHa"Ior'q-
    cr,:.rl: qactu [::i:pronu riI r-uxnua l9?7;
    rrblxor--ro.)Ke,l*ti'lLleu't':,tl:tt,ttoiil'r:lana'ruotiljnponst:sAtlr'nuI'r(Iiltnton1926)'Opanqnu(Chalrne'
    lt)7:I),I''ep:unrrrrr (.Br'-rrthel ig:i7),
    g.#pt* (Jiirossl' l9(r9)' Jlc'rsuru (Kowaiski 1958' 2001;Nad-
    ocTaTKI'l V3Korjepen-
    i1sf1i-rnrsli.i 2t0l), li\,'ylrguu
    (I'erzea 1g10, l9',t1.) u lp)'rnx t'efuoHoB' KoclHste
    Pec'y6"'ir'rx" M.";tc',u. (JIO:a' 1971; Aaerlr
    l9E;01
    rrr:rii n..iresKrr t6l:rrlp)'i(elibl rI l{a Teppr','op",,
    Ila,crarpl' l9')71 !,rar:'n.l' [1acrtap1' 2000)'

    Meroflut 14 MATEPI4AJIbl

    CcTaTltli y3KOL]epenHoli noleaxll


    l{1 il-rleI"ICTOqe]]oBbl]i
    ttacrl-gLrte-[t clrI.i,e pacc\IaTpl{BiIK)Tc,]
    B B fp'Ie Tox.
    nn-n(:o"lut.,..tecKOIii c,uo*,nn ]] |por() y Cena Ev:lyxr:enl. |por Haxoju{Tc,t]
    oT'lIo)K€glItr E'itt'lsen-
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    p' Pax0n:ll K ceRepo - ROCTOKy Or C' E1'a'eyiKeHb'
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    t<Oro llairoual. .,,,,^ii LIacr]{ -
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    npri(i-rlt:tlrt:'nluo B ueHTpalE'noii
    f[1 relr'r u-tvi:rqJt'Iprottarrttl ('1973):
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    I . t{epitrut 3e\l.rlq, I epe}{eliltlllat
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    c He3rlar{u-t'e:trnoir flpl{\,Iecbro rue6eurrt-- - .


    ..3-lTcn
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    -

    ,(r,'-11,'1 -r'prtbl:e ocl il'I KII 3allefalor 1980).


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    [eTJr].I.
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    [{llpy:11p3s c'topolta Nl l Hl'rt:er 3 asrc'ryna u 3 exo.D,qrrlnx yf.[a. BHyrpeuHa.rr


    cropoHa HN{eer
    Ilrl;lI6 BLlc'ryII0B II IIflTb Bl(o.l.[u]Il{ yrrltlB. llepe.Xuxx HenaoHax nerJrrr ],rMerlr
    oAt4H Ilbrcrytr Ha BHyT.-
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    Ou
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    I(oropat KapaKTepl{3yerct
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    ile'eaa Baprrau,u
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    pirJrrprlcr.palrel{}{F,r.x. B
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    1957: -llo'JaH t97l)'
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    Ha-
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    ;1BYM t Bap14aul',l'fl
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    tre "'n<>6rrK> r't!'Ieer pa3BH-


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    |i:,1:f,ljlllf',1:[Xi;1,ltl'.",0"oi, nerra ::,-::"::ill]l"".lif:#.ilffT:
    tcpe^rreri uenapHoli 3aMerHoH Bb](ll\I-
    I cnepejrr{ cr-f:I€Jrflorcfl or
    rorroBK}r ',e'rJrr4
    Bropc,ro l,roprforuna yrna' OOplta BbIcT\/llil
    e pa;.rtu'IHO''I C'eileHll, rlo Hll IllCTI4faeT Be'lll{qllHbl BXO'*flUIerO u I'IflTb"Bxo-
    xOir, pa:eu-rott Cropoua:y6a xN{eer lltTb BbIcTyiloB
    BuyrJreFlrlft
    Bilpbyrpyer y Fla:lHbt( :)K3elulljlqpoe.
    qeTblpe BbICTyna u TpI{ BXOA'UIEX
    yrna' BuyrpeHH}I}l lsbl-
    CTOpoHa fiNI€)eT
    Afiul}tx yr':loB. F{apry;riilal .orIoBKI4 nepelrreil uenap'oii
    cryn neperA'eir uettitpsoii neu'
    *.p;;;;;"t-;uu"tpu"' o6oc.6lenlIe

    "*"il#J;::lli';:.:ll'Ji.l"Jl::'Jvoav r1-1^tlP^":T.::y'f*X'il;"1#';"H::#;*T^"J;'"'''
    u Bocro'ruot'i Esponlt
    { no3Arrelleilcroueuc)Bb]x orJroNeurir r-[eHrpanruoii, t.Pe.
    poAa rr3 cpeirlHe- [Io3AHe|o nleficroueHa Vxpauurr
    t980). K()Heu cpeArlero-
    (Ecr:tsmarog, ]Bac[l:Ilega, Ivla'ueeea
    Ctup"tt Ayp'/r'ropu I' Epsirrseult
    I)'
    KoI}eul978)'],I:}ito3AHeIlJ]eiictoqeHoeI,IX-:onoil,eHoBbIXo.rlox<egltfiHI,IX(HefoVparra([.polttos
    l95l), ! N{oJr;rt&r}cx.i.t Micr.tu, gr.goti, l"r

    cropoust' a c BHeurHeii o6r-


    xoporro o6_::^1T,*u c BHvrpeHrieii
    H,;]3JJffi:;],:l'l'."1rtJ::; "*"r4 ry6a uureer qerbrpe BLICr)'ila
    I{ Tp}r BXOAflurIix )/fna'
    r'Meqaercr. H^py^;^;,ro,ro"u
    co6:reHr.rs t{ Ilqrb}o Bxo'If,ll'lllMll }TnaMH'
    'OrrKO xapaKreplr3yerci{ HarH!HeM [recrtt BLIc'v'ttoB
    Br'rpe'uxfi m.opo,a
    \:'qqryaL1,\',. I

    r^
    ld IR

    \r'B \/l-Fl Vl_p VlpR


    Puc. 1. Mop$orrnnvecKern fi3MeFe!,tBocrb Mr Microtus gregalis pallas
    i :lr -- I?.euisto Arht:9fu.icd. .\9119 ryqlg

    nltollo.,uncrr ile 1ll tc. I

    \/II- P l{t \/tI-R VII.P

    Pn<:. 1, Mop$r:ttannvecKaF h3rueHLl14Bocrb l\4r It'4icnrius rSregalis Pallas

    lr'licrotus gregi]lis II3 KpblN{a (fpoHtoe


    L',.ro,lt lc)e crpog11116r 'ri{1 }r}r{cl{)r llo3.[Hen.ue.i.{ci'oueFIoBati
    l9(il). no:ijlHerrJre)nrl.rotierioBaq f,4icr'otLls conf. gfogahs II3 fltl){FI€:r'o Iy'pa:ra (fporvroe 1957)' ral{oe
    ;x.ier (lfpoflr14e )litpax-ferpH() iulrr N{oiljlaBCKOri lvlicrrrtrs
    gregalis }13 K(lr}ltltl c:perll'Iefo IIJIe]icrotlena ('r1o-
    )/rcpallHt'l u Fe'nopyccntr
    l,1H l!)7 Ll :t.q,r cpej(t-(,rl.ret-lc"foiler{oBol-J Micrc,t-rs gt'egillis crioi]enicus
    '
    i Pettr:netl [97ti lvlc'r\':xc Kailttnosct*rii 1975)'

    !loptpollrn V (Pnc. l,[Va'\iB):


    cl'opoH i{luercrctl Bxo'qt-
    B ocrrosaillrp{ lre})e.{!rel:i ueirapuori nerll.r c B"Iyrpeillreii rl rrapyxtsr;t'i
    B'IIre I-OJIollI(H,5nalo;1apx LIeMy nepei-
    iltHc YI.,tbt .Iioi.opbrc,u,-,r,,o cl6octlS.,rllor HeilapH)/t() Ilerrlo I]
    3)'6a xapaKrepH3}/erct
    ri,{r Hcfr,r}r,rrtlr ne firrr r;rlro(jpe'railr orip}r',r)'ro ipor'NIy. Bn,vr'Pcnul:d c''opoHa
    crc}pDHa ycil())KIleHa 3a ctler tIa-
    tia-]1:rilleN{ |j.ril.1.r I]btL-T_vri()B r.l n{t'11 BXO-qflulux:i|JIOB, a rlap\rxiHat
    Br,tcI-vila h:p).'LIll!,I1. p;l3NlepoB, jlocl'ldfalolllefc) BeJII{rl}IHbl Hapyxrlofo
    napaKoHtl'lHoI'O H
    i.l),,)ritrof0
    i)(::}IC|R|IbI)i.I.pe)iI-CrJibilbl)il]},ic].},I1()B31lg3.fIc.l.t.ol,'ty,Hapyx{i{a|{cTC|poHaXapaKTepH3yeTcqHaJI}{qI{eN'l
    LncTbtpex. Bbrcl\/noB I{ tle',l blpe BXOlltlul{x }'f.tloB.
    M.icrctus
    Cxc.ru.e ,l.l-pcrelltre l\,1 I ,ra.6.,tro,tae1cji y lo3liuenleitcroi{etloB},IX ilpe/rcraB}lrelel:t
    Freilalis iltl Crapnt.r. ,l-[y;i''u'rc'p rr fipt'rtl:etl) lvlonlrlerl (Jlo:arr 191 l)'

    Nlloprporrrn Vli trprrt' 1,VI-R;\'JI-P;VI-PR):


    tltrTblpbl\{fi BLIcryIliaNIi{ }I qerblpbN{fl BXoAflIqHNll4 -Y-r-
    I-lapt xHar ar.,,,p,ir111 ri\'6a xapax'fepn3vrl'rct
    .r1i.lNilr. rrT1.) .{apar(rcprrcr ,,Irfi V Nroprporuila.
    Bl{}"lpeIJHtt C-'Itl'poFI[:l H14eeT uecTb BbICT]'noB ll IIfiTI'
    {rX.,l{flUl,n)i. yfl{oB. 'X>Ollrta neperluei:t uenapHO'li IIeTJIII
    tl6bl'IIIO tlCCHlv{eTpHrIHblli 'IlpHnl'iC]'HHK' Ha-
    xapaKT(lpH3)/ercs B}{yrpeHrIl'rn.I 6orco-
    p!,ir:{H,r rr Ac.Tr, r(or(JI)or'() }'leLrKo-;rbKo IlbrrtHy'ratt 14.lI{ oKpyrJriu'f
    HaBlicaeT }Ia,l], cnejly}olul'lM 3a HI{t\'1 BblCT)/IIO\1'
    rtLtl\t rtbtct-yIlct,{, KOT'Opr, t--r s 3llaqllrr:ltr,ilotl cTeIleHH
    l:Je.", ll,llHa 'ftrre),l'O.lllFII.il,OIl llprl OCHOBaFII'lIl
    nepe:lneli neTJIlI trO IlHTI4l\'{UCItO]\{y THrtY' B HatrIeji esI-
    (lI) rr cN'leulal{Holry Pfl BapHaqH}i'
    iiopue ilprlcylcr6ylg-1- 111r,p(ro*rrbr parruerrolrp,H'ir, IIHrI{tvHcHoil
    npnBO.4l{rc'{.qrt cpeAHe- }l IIO3'[FIe-
    crll0erttrr] N4r cKC,,trroe c orrHCitrJr,rEtx{r'r HaNl[I MOpoo'rlltlr]B
    (Pe xoeeu 1978) Ant cpetrHero nrreitcroue-
    Ir:eiic:r3qel{o3blx: I\v{icrelus; gregrlis crio-{etticurs Vxpauue
    Ha rr jlpeliHel-() tc,JioLieHi l\'1o"'IAOebI l.Jlo3al{ 191
    l)'

    N{optlronrn V II (.p rr c. 1,\zI[-PR;VII-ll ;VII-IP) :


    c'|cllel'aHl{eN{ [pH3l{aKoB' KaK BI{yr-
    I[ari'irrr 'op$orrrir xapaKlet]rr3yercs Harr6oree cJIox{IJTJM
    lrctl lttlii. { alt II Ili.lp\/'/lill():; L'Topolt'i} i5x'
    l'r:!1 ,,!'_/.-ryr.l_ _
    ,[-'
    ___37g
    nrrl'r'pt]rtrtcii cr.r:,pour,r tr\{eeT,cf
    uJecrr, Br,tct.}/noB u trfl:r.bts}:oj(rrurrx
    tla '\iapa.(Tepll3lrg'.-'--t fl'11'L'i{) }ibtc'r\J,'aNrt yrrroB. l{apyxnal cropo_
    r'r Lre'fbrp]br\r.5r BXorrrIrur.r,4rr yrnar.{H.
    itt.p'i.lorltnol'1 r{l-l()Bi\a nc;le fro cpaertegr.*o c vI
    'tncii Hettap"ri r,ar.n,i yci'o){iFrer'a r*,/N{, riioxoesr\,Ii.r
    Bblcrynah.{r4 c Ka}I(-
    illl;:i'::T: :iJjiiiiJlii;,,1j:,Tl'J,:TT:XJ;l*n:hmiXil" v,rra\rH onrr*rsaeN,,,,,i :uop.
    \,/II - il,VI] -P,\' [[-IIP,
    5'/c;l0rltuettgbl(l fleprg''ryss'ii
    nerrr. rI{/.,,ii rr,-,r.,,.,
    lreniiprroii [erJ]rr rro TrJrry
    rrra.rrubr.r. Ir r,r p [p]1Bon]rr x
    r r,,r.rr" o6pa:onaFrr,r]o Bocbru'
    , c,,;era ,,.,,J1,'l"';'f,ji,1i,illJ'Jlli
    .)l{rlllirrr H oTBertateT ct poeHHi. t.o.rlbri0 ril,lT.Hl\tr.tcHOl:i
    ffi::?i;:::T?:$"Jffir*1;0,"""" HjrH accrr\rer.
    (.-r p(reHUe 1\{1. ealtuaUnil.
    cxo'4r}crL' ij orlr'rcanlrrr vII nra,p,i ur"nur,r, Ha6.rroEaerc,I
    ill'icig*tticrts -- r{c,}r*rt c}_}e/(rre, J rr.;reiir:rortena yr.pa''ri,r (pexonerr l9g5j. y N4icrotLrs gregalis
    irprrrr(i,.1urcr -,'aN)ie .,i.r.' _Jv{icririr-rs iirroOrro. crpoenue M1
    arvaris n Mrcr"ot's
    ( pellr I'lc''ollaJ]\'lcrro \lilti)J]traita ;;,;r;, (J10:ran Ig71).
    ltalr' o6H,pyri,,o HecKoirbrl:o IIC:crrrKcrB
    [',g \l], q'f{) ncr:lBoJlr4,lo Irbr!erirr.r.fb rI3oJlHpoBaHHrrx 3y-
    T-pLr oc'oBHbr}r.r.rrra rrrpoei{ri,3arilHei-o
    orxena.
    \lop{lrorrrn I (.prrc. jZ.I):
    -i;t:tlitlfl lle'lJTi'I vrlpotllt-'i{}r rr) T}{n;r cTpoe}ilJ'1. 6e: raxl.rx
    - lufio
    BHv'tPerr'{ero parta' Ilapy;xna.a crorroH,r
    BbICTyIroB..t:e:agnnir
    or,qeJl
    :Iffi,;:i:ilr.l,:'to"'.o"ryLi,rtx()\r H^{eer rprr Bbrc'yila rr:fpr.r

    i\,loprl;,ornrr II (puc. 2,[):


    r[ Illply;xnal r]'rop{lHil'3ailIIet'i nerrilt
    riNreer pa38H'oel B pa3r'rrFiraii creneuN
    c'''\/n' l e l)'15 calltttil{-1- rlie'I'blll(l Bblcr')'rra qerbrpe yr,ry'lerrze Bbr-
    rpopnrsl. '
    rr B)(crij,rr-ilrx yrra. f6r,rca clxpyr.noli
    illopdro-run III (puc. 2,III):
    ':i't:(rtl'rr [er''l's 1{i] FIapr}'iKIli'ti cropclse I'1N.'Ieer
    xopomo Bblpaxe}rFrbrti nlrcryn, ,,o3aArr
    li{.leeTcfl yr'n1'6'rcHt'tc' KoTopoe [t jlar]b]{(-Iituelt Koroporo
    o6pa:yr:r',Io6aeo.{usril rrapyNHrrrri exo.r.firqnir
    vro,r.

    I
    l
    II III

    Puc:. 2. lrrlop{rr: rr n nvecrern h3MeHL{14Bc)cru


    l!4'r rJe Microlus gn:galis pallas
    /fu r:qro I eatb3lq'i. 5,c1iq. I r o rr r
    tlliQ --4r

    BstgoEut

    {i.g-:1;,1.11.g1B{)I]tb1CI-.'()t]I]]])iO,1,It]].tIX-\,'f-TOI]1aK0eiIie.l(ilI(lrrti.\lopd)oI]Jn
    [it)|r.]BIi'],H,.).l]'l.()]iJb,i.](',.Il:]I{l1],Icr10pibt)TltllbIpaClIo'itai.a}oTC'lBI{itIpt.pbIBIlb]i-lp'jill()c1.eI]et-iI\.c:_
    .l()'ii;ilf]lli'lIt'i)cl.:tr]c]i1tl':ltliptttiiijI(J.|lii1Ha1..\.xtrloii
    rll t l{)'fC ri
    t]ltl-ltttt\II(r.leC[Ii:||,1-yil'Ii0jit.I01]()ltF,Iiei]aK0].l11]l
    rl;.tJ\1c;t...'lr.:)l.t]]\I].lt<lllriitti'tl,tt,tBiipl1aHTa\'tto6Har}\IXt{BaeTc'Ipqjinepc\0Jr{bIX.
    h.'0l-0]lbIXIlael.lI10j'{i:tCIc'LI]OC1.cllft]ll0e},C',lo7IiI:lerlueHapViti]]ol:c.|0pC|tII)IIIa|)itttoHIj
    ..|llL]IctJ0;1ti.lI\1(jCJ(r,]ll]lo}Ii.]Ifi1I,li'I[]'J'11op(b(}.irtioB.oLIeE.Ilj{Ili).c]:,I,IjIeTe
    1ellI,ii'l-.lIiaF:t]l];1lll]a''iI(j'1ll.)Clefcj1iIL).l{atIi,l]]e]fo-(]pc.'I}Ie[

    6usnrorPaors

    :\tltt;i.'ltillitl.\,l.t:r-lrt:.]..)7.:.,.\li'At..l;tziltultrr.A'lI']\1orr,rxo.-|eptror|larttatlleiicrot1

    rntlrc,:T, 3r5c,;t ttil',tctl.l', ( !'rlla l"'S0,\'

    ,recxitt'ilflFcTil'r\'')il /ir1 CCCP' l95" ll

    l'iilI(llllll() rl(l'j Il,;:1.)'l IirliIiil i) IIL-f)ll()lll:l I7' I90I


    1977'i'
    lrdrrprrit B c6. tlrll',i'li fl glcl'tl\tilltiKil IiOtB)llOLlHI)1;i Clr6tlptt {lloooctr('itr1"cr':
    ,l.
    \'lo.ilaettrr ([illurrillce l')E0)
    ,,larrril lgilb A I'l ,[u,,rr.-i. lr:pil,.rrpar, It] Ititciicrol{(rrtr

    ())L r, (Pecrrr',i:rrht l\1 -l-ioBe). l3 I (irioprrrrK BOCll(l\tllHaHrii'i (orecca 2000)'


    'llto\ ntllleollirt tl I\le30jllllir llittutrn';e l9?3)'
    iict!)rti)\, l9'13: l.ii l(r11p1r.Ir. Ilall,ft itlrxtt
    jlollrrt. |1lt,L:i'ttl,t i'vlcr.rr]laetttt (l(.rrurrlur:r; 197 l).
    'ilo:lar 197t \,1 l-l
    \4ori lxr'l Ka,rtttt0t;citltii l'l:l:l:
    P l0' i0' 1975
    ltvcclllr. llrr:'a.ltr AI i )CC

    .'}-lI I i0 uccii L9cl7)


    ,,\.r\. bp;rr Hcl)a { IS'5 '-

    o-t,ir(,)tiJIl lti yt'pa.trttlt;licr.,ra.'lr'r Ail-vCCP Cep ti 6' L97E


    nareoJ'll1-Ia (lirre Bl98:il'
    l)f r;ilecu !) j5 j1 11. I)eKcirirrl. lvlrrKpofeprr0rpaVua ilecHrH:rio no.lHerlpoBcKoIo no]HCFo'
    }]tilntterl9:ij:[j.B|rtt.,net..--rrreir,1irrclel'Ilissundcinepol;tgIecialeMediter.r
    lc'oilto of is l. lir. Fl.lrt (l''loniitsr:ir 19'57)
    rrlo!'on ef stlperleLiir ,.le F:.ansc (paris 1972).
    Clheliuc l97l: J. Chlline. .-: l,.lnseLttr; clu llleistrrcc:ne
    lli:it,n l',r2(r: lll.
    Lcs Dl.)fi. S;r'. A.. 1!.;19. l-1 lt :i.

    j2
    Iogt,:l ('r i.l('1i\'(l11s'ilt '. i( I ni'ou'1i):iE)' ' l'
    ()Lratc|nlrrr 72. Pl':ii;trlcene, Rttclcnts of Eu|clpt: tKrakorv 200i i
    K,-,uillski 21101: f,. l<.oriitlsf:i" l;olilr
    .1.crzeal1)70:]:'-].ei'zla.l'lr1.ittrncde,|v1.'rmmit.eresc1ua|ernei|esde1i|ti|ott(r'Mil]Llr:rcleSighistel(Bichor,
    lux l'lrtst.ut ele Sperllilgie q 1970'
    Tra', cie ,J.. .1-.... .,..2\.d. .i.. f.,r.r:rre,q r.rm,ines.'I'ravaux de l'Instrit
    'Tr:r'zel
    dr: 'lipt:oltrgre l(j' 19 'i'
    Llttrttttrxtt [7act:ap't"
    [.l tt cni tt tttI t;t t: tttt x tr'\ a t r t t r ] l t' x'\ t r t't o ;ar't'
    3 ct tt-' rr t : t

    "l
    t:1' AKloe'\tueit l, lvL\ 2a2E' K'ttuttiu tt'
    1,.,t,' L i;.rtri {,. :\_t.,,t
    3Ri
    l-l'An eoaH'f)o r;t o.tl o rH q E c Kt4 14 MA''E p ilAn
    n o3EH E,.{ E p H o,
    KoMnnHKC:A' T3I SPavKA Hiove XV ('n'epBApr4THnbHoE
    E c c Ko ro
    3AKnpL{EHr4E)

    "\iiexcalgp Baplsetp'l (k'rilNHey), l-l,eHnc l-lext;rvrr:xr,rr,r (lr]ocFlsa), onura lapr,rHa (Kl4urr,rirev)


    ,i,i lttt tttt'ctt tl,tli: tttt,r rrtirrti^,..;,, ,1,.,+.,,;..t I
    ' tl't:' \l(

    "'l ' trti/1 t Jtitt.'t it'ti!(jt jt:t. L(){r}1)ri,r.t)rr( i!),,u!r((t-1 (


    .viri,t(,!)!r(i.-,
    ";'1i'i'11'tt

    {'.{)}'l}iilfl{l{)e tL illltlt'litII:r'ia" rlcp'-ltt


    iI().ll]l)ijll.ti;'(.t111;;-.-..|li\,i.'i.;l)II,|Ij'ii,ILr.luIt,iIplBce.3bc:]tlr,r .. rrrp\ul.,trIIr Ir B \rolfoBcrli qllc.'t co6trliirt
    IiNI!-'rt
    ue:
    {.Iiil'ii:tir.Jtltliil1tiICr)\il{i.]'iir.lici.eii.|{)CuciJtrjlI]il,I.iia\IeHlJc1

    i:iJj'r...}1()liciilt'littl:;1.;1111,1r,r:r,rrielicjl(:,iIlr,lcj|Ca]3'IlLII

    .:L'|-};.ij;i"i.t':,l]'iej.ii,flt'irr)l(:li.];i.Jli].|i]i]'I

    I i ),_' I ir,,t)it I Ii, )ii .j.lii li I I r-).r.c i i ir ..i.,1 )0l.ti,:iri.


    il.;ilrliCi]\'}JIr]|,llI,ttlr|lr'i1|lj.'.tli:|,.:-lCiKal.tl\..;jtlIIIIcIl(}:j-Iilc|0.}|)J-II{-rI-()l]o'jpaCTa

    rrr'ir' 1ilil,-:.lt''iar.ttt Ii.r.t:.. lurrrilil,r;i :l),i\ru. ILIiiiliHrrvtnrti.


    -|l:;t':rlt:fiCi1(j'i1e'iXlli]1|:|c]):l:i}t|"fC'iCpe.,lilcj.itle-ru.ltlticlliltlpt|lt
    rtrt)ttitr.'ltltl,.lii|'J'rlIirIilliciit,i!..ll()BC:]i).{lIii1teTI)li';]tltro[eI].faI(ll]it:rl;itot,
    tt'c [- )]lil l,:illi'i:l-rll'it-1 f IIf r)(rlttJl ttilotii*i 0stiapyziuIrac'f
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    KjtrrrKOBbrx flrroK o6pal]taet rra i:e6q
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    ctlJtbrio BblcTyfrarou(qe.
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    'r - cKopee BCefo j\.{c-
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    leH. IlepeHocbe xot)c Lilo ilpo$Hirr.rpoBaHHoe, op6urbr Lrerr,rpexyfo.rrbr:rbre, HH3Krle. Q)pourer-rr;Ha.a


    llocraHolrtKil opdHl I'oll!f3c)Ilra.ribHitfl. npodr,rrlr!.rp':)lKa - BeprnliarL,Ha.q, ]{aAf,ta3HHr{Hbrfi Kpaii op6lrr
    Ji.tCrcrpeH, ilc;lf.'la3l{lltlilbl}"1 ilpl'lry1l.,teril]t'II1. A.iLBeonflpHafl.lyfa orreLlb rrrHporiilr, c BbtpaiKeH-
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    15usnrorpeons

    []e;ruxaH6ea 1975: Nl.r.l.Uc-lr,t(aHoBa, [Ianeoaurponorrol ut flpyrcxo-!,Hecrpol]cKol'o Me)K,fypeqbt (Mocrea 1975)'


    .ly'rcpaauur
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    npocbr aHrpolloJrlorl{rl 6ji , 1980' I l6-i:23.
    fo"
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    Hero [lo.tlHccrpoeur ('I rrpacrrolu 1995)


    l3onpocbl aHrpolloJ'loruu 29, 1968
    lvlaNtr)Hosa Lg6g l-1.H. N{airrorrona. onpene,leHneA.rrHHbl Kocreii no rrx rfparuenralr.

    Atext:audp BaptaPa,
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    yt. A,loxoeaa 11, 125009fu\oc'xaa, Poccun

    Ott'ea 'AaPuua,
    lIut,nttrm\.ttt Apx,?ol,'t?uu u )muoipcrptru, Axadettun Hayx Pttcnv1-nuxu Motdoeu,
    .lvlttmponistum E.,tt't.,,ecxy-6odouu
    j5, 12t,!-2012, Ktrutuuey, PecnyS'tuxtt lllotdoe a
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    ;|,1 iurie - 28 iii,u,ilnri, 2a04 in[Tracii. Rega_
    €i expctzitii it i?etpubit'.:iiF-eoe>rat,= i;i,nlii,i,,ii'ai, sara de ar.ta
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    scrnne gr.llicc ru,ri ao.rograflate pr.i'crpalele
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    1;rr'itrt'il'ir r'nt'-cltt tg -lo' 4 t (r?' {rb-70). (la ',,rr,,,ii,i.,.
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    q;i cliinatcric,e, ntaterialrrl
    irns'isti''ir::' li' Porciart>v ol'et'i[ :rtrtorului arheologrc sr datcle
    ,uh g.na,',a ri.l i,rdorrrrrpct,;i ftt Ettrusirt o pr.i'ire
    llltnlir1ltiiji.jI},i.iiclezl,ct|tiLt.iicultltt"it.istrlI.ic:e.;;r,::trcej.nsitc-l-r:stuli:urtlpr:i(3r}-36, c]e lin_
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    niiierrliilLri l a.chr.. adicd pin;1 lir
    \"'i)lli,:)iicii.iicu i a1;,ri!li
    1
    t1-; 1''-'i';t"r'ic: i?'r '''t ttt elc
    "ri-l ["; -tcit:rtc llr iri,-eputirl lrc,:strii culrrlxir-[ ;rncnl
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    pe c.ntrnentul eurrr_
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    t)eul), alllrll'Lli acrlcpta r('otia unJi ntigraiii din iS-rci-Est, in c,rnformil.ate cu teodiie enuntate de .li.
    L,icharclus, accas;1-i rcgr rlue ;.r constitr.rit impreund r:r-r cdile maritimt.l Lln nocl de legdtrird dintre Eulopa
    'I'rctcict ittc,t.i;tte de trot:i. adicd claLcd rcest spatiu cultural a osci-
    ir r\sia (-'il). in cadrLll rI iprsi161 cJespre
    iat'inlre i:iurop',a <1c fr4i.ji, ,c tr (lentraia. pe de o parte, sru bazinul mlrj]or Egee gi \lediteraneani. pc-
    r:.le alta, F..P. lnclini in f noarea ipotezei din ur.ma (32), In sprijinul acestei afirmatii alrtorul apeleazi

    ia it'ponirnile rn ldr1ilcin r c:iiror;.i se intilnesc sr-rf-ixele -ribi-tt,:t'gi -.rs-. IncepiLnd cu bronzitl iimpuriLt
    ierittrr-iitLe Tra::iei fi.rc pirt .e din ala-nr,rrniLul Itltcr,,t'ttitsrtal Ags. pentrLl crare erau caracteristtce structLt.-
    riie socrale de tipul t:lticlilottt.
    I-,a si'irgrtul conrparlirnentulr:i pleistoli: un cr:lectii,'de autoli r.:ondus cie rcgretatul J. LilhardLrs lr
    Al. F,-;l prrne la c:ur-rr:r$tir "a publicvi .:ti Cerc:eriirile bulgut'o-g(t'ntcui'e'in rnicrorcgirnt,:ttt L)runu (19E-j-
    2001)(3"i-:;8 fig. l-2,', rrr.-czrt. Dl-D-l1). tlititoi'Lrlui ise oferii tr lectulir cleosebit d,: interesant[ des,-
    pt.ere'zttltatel{]Ul1Ltipl"C|jdCt9tiirrii1.ic'carc,pt'in;.l1llicare;ldii,',:-'rselrrrrretodeinterciiscipiinat.e'l|l\,Llt
    rJlept scop cet(lc:itl-e,i-l c),itLtsti\/it a unui obrectii' ;irireologic de o intpcn1anfd deosefrit[ - in viziunea
    lutorilor o acie I'iilutii 1;lrtcii tLrrnantd - pentru clezvoltarea cultut'iila din sucl-estr-rl ELrlopei. intt--un spiL-
    r.iu rleroitr;,ific ioitrtrl: i:e:,1r'ins (Sic,r//1,'rrgskrumrrcr') au l'ost senrnalat.e le,s{uri Ie a pesle 100 de aqezdli
    (ti'iir 1b) rjin opoclr neoi .icului pAna in Ei,ul Vtediu (38). Din cele:22 de obiective arheolo-sice inclr-
    ,Jrate din epola ne,rliiicrrlrii gi pr)n[ in cea a fier-,,t tti (Tabelul [) irr.t 1'ost selecfionatc l]errtlu expozitia
    de f itlit dr:,iu'li'ei. in ct-lni ltrirtre ne vom stdrui sd aclucem la cunr:5tinfd unele inlorntalii mur intportltnte
    cles;pre aceste r;itttri.
    l.[)tcgn6,.NL:,r',:l!,rtint,kju",urre:areurietiltK:ntutot,oVI ;icontpltt.rul tlectLlt(inceptdndcu4l0()
    r.Cltrr.) (,l0.li). Pr.: o r;rltral'a1a cie c;ilca l3 000 rn2 incon.iut'ltld ct.t un $anl cr-r l[lirnea 5r adlncimea
    nra:.imalli cle 6 gi respec ir, L,6 nt au iost senrniLlate urmeie il peste 2A tle locuinle de difer-ite clirnensr-
    uni (fig. -l) ir une,le crJti Jn s-it putllt constlrta ca ltele{ir interioli aLu ftrst acoperili ctl o tencuiali fina
    ,Ce culoar.e llbri, ca.re ult,:riol fusese pictatir cu dir,:rse motivc de culoare logie. In cldrul unor locuin-
    te au fgsl s;ernnalate gt'opr-lrecrlu'i cr-r aclincimLeir de pln[ llr (),8Cr m, vetre cu cupol[, birnci de lut,
    ur6yri menlje :e gi irlle ir;talajii iJe uz casnic. Peniru lot:uinta 244 :xrsrta inclicii sigtlri ci dispLrnea de
    I.,,,ia era.ie. Cla rnei nunreroasd,.rategode arheolol;icd este ceramic,a. A,st1'el, din locruinfa 137 aLrl f'ost
    rirl3-5 fragmernte celamlce, in tirnp ce: din locuin{a 244
    coiectate 8l <le r,as;e irrLrr:g:i srLu rest,aurate r;i 10
    prcr';in '21\7 cy: r,r.tsc gi. rr;pectrv.43 393 lragmentc. Semnrflcativ erste 5i faptul, cd lli 9i respectiv 26,6
    9L clin vasele gr 1i'agmer.ele clescopi:rite sunt ornirmentrrte, constituind, astfel, un sllport importiLnt la
    elaborarea cr1nologiei rirlative qi absolute a ag:z:iirii. Pornincl de la inventarul foarte nllmeros clin lo-
    (llinte, arrtorii c6n:;icle;ii cir llesole au fost rlcpus,l inten{ionat in gr,rpile menu.iere qi beciur"i. pentru ca
    ntr,l ripoi intreaga afe2:ilre sI fie supusd pnntr-o incendiere con-ipleti unui act de,tubuizctre". Pu{in
    trml; dupa cctasta, titt irr caclrr-rl culturii Karanr)\'o Vi gi probabrl chiar de aceeaqt popr-ria(le, pe acer;t
    locr es;te rrciiclrtd o 0ons,ttuctie cle cult (fig. -').Ea consth dintr'-t-ttt podest, cu dimensiunile
    3x4,zlx2 m, o
    ILrc:rrintii lOxl'm ingr'arnarliri de piatt'ri.
    gr c:irca 2(5 depr"rneri sub
    2.. Drctm,t-,,,V,eyJi'.turtt,kict", cornplexul tle ctilt cle tiptil l\iot'cr-',Zctgora
    (incepind cu 2 100 a'Chr.)
    (.lU--51). lnstllatil gonslS clintr--un gan! circul;lr Je formb pr-rfin ovald cu dinlensiunile maxime de
    (pro-
    41,:j>(38'5 m s;i latirleii ,ntre 1,8 9i 3i,9 m, intleru;'t in partea de sud-est pe Lln segnlent <]e 3'6 m
    Lrabil po,ila lircagu,lui) gi clintr'-o locurnld dreptunl3hiulari cu laturile cle 13x8,2 m,
    plasiitd la circa 1-5
    rn cie la Iocul intrerupr:rii ganquliii (ir-e. l4-15). Dintre mtrterialele descopefite sunt menfionate statui
    de cult,
    antroponlorfr: ciin lut cl,; dimensiunr naturale, coarne cle cerb lucrate din lut, bazine 9i obiecte
    [)recum gi rnar nrulte vari3 ceramice,
    printre care predominI forme1e de tip askoi Si_ut'cioarele'
    (51-58). In urma cer-
    :i. D,cutt,t-,,Krjric*,t", cont,y;lextl tle utlt n'rtt:ic (inceplnd cu 1 0Cl0 a.Chr.)
    cetiinior au fosl si:rnne,l,rte trei pdrfi componente ale monurrrentului respectiv: B - templul circular,
    asernt6nhtor-cu cele cle trp calendar; C - comple'x din mai mult,:: perchete din pietre
    qr pulrn
    -eropi
    iLcl'i'cite; D -.cfimpul ,:r,r gropi (fig. l9). in une[,: din gropile men{ionate aru fost semnaliite
    \/ase $i
    fr.a.gn-rente cerarrrice. prlrrcLlm gr mai muite inhumiiri de animale sau oameni,
    realizate in urma practr-
    cili,r de ;ult. {n gropil.,, ,16-17 au fost semnakite inhumari unrane fdrd inventar funerar. Trei fernei 9t
    ctrcular. Dat
    un copil au fost irrhunrilli in pozitie, chircita gi {'ard inventar funerar pre locul templului
    {,iincl iaptul, c6 unr:le plrli ale schelctelor Ipsesc, inhumdrrle au fost considerate
    cajefife umane. Pre-
    toartd de la Lrn
    zinr6 intere, gr6,opu 8 in care a fost inhu:mat un ciine, la capul clruia a fost depusd o
    ;,
    VpL]lut!!_!.*,-VJ

    va:i lricta.t gre{tesc. in grc,apa ._--.-----l€9


    partinand Je ra un vas
    29 aufost liemnrlrrc o r,.^**-=*
    de prurnb
    xecutatd prin poansonuot (fig
    r.
    ;;;;:#':i3',:.;H,r.1'.x:,.J,il:,ff:,d;
    22).in-rn,l.,.rru'g;;il r:1":, ffl.f;1,lr;,i,";l.li 3:
    din pietre 9i' prrobabil' t:u'st7 ' marcare clupd umprere
    near-'A
    pi';;;;.-cere mai i,,r.** descoperiri cu prachere
    semnatii pe o bobina se numard gi inscripfia
    cln lLrt (fi:tg.27),r.,,r.r",."*'fr,n, Li_
    t'rul [3ulg1ariei. der;coperire-d.l..st gen de pe
    terito-
    clontoartiment'rl al
    r93-100' fig' i-7' rr'-cat' 'l.ile:il inclucle contribufia v. Fol stuerani,5i sttcercktli
    i4s'185). Baz0ndu-se, i" rp..i"r. irt Trac.ia rnicertiarLci
    <:ludt't'acii' zrliituri cle hykso;i' p. unutir, ;;;;, riterare, auroarea
    l(lI-lea a'rchr'' au participrtt oi il;il::::ll.ti oi*iJ*, o,inrre pc,poarere care, incepand rn_
    io'eveniinentele iJr:rir;e din cu sec. ar
    'lu suo-estui ri"."p.r. Asrter,
    :;:i:lJl ;lXT'#:lLil'::1;#*l Marmara, t;;;; tharasocr.afia
    ei i,, srr'm;;;;;:,:por qi Dardanere pre_
    pd irn;rot':anta cre stii'biriz,re
    cultttl qtii'tif ic rje
    , ,u',.,r,.ii:? 1"fi:,[l"1i.lT'T? l;.Ji,:i,',i;,,:,i,1;i;fHrfri]]
    Fol' v't'' tonrl,t.ra cu aceasti
    n,,gi,n" trebu,ie rocarizatd in i:l-
    NIici, pe iitoralul de^l'nord al nord-r,estur
    x''Il''rii Egeegi alPropontia"i,p. Asier
    aLrrf,ncLrr ..ntin.,.,tui cel de.vest al va.,i Negre, precum;;i
    in
    irferio;-,r n""*illlj!,T;lii :JJ"1:T:;iT,ii_'ff:; l';11,.;i,"1.,il*,,H1*H;;Ii;:1I,:]T;:x:
    p'Ju' tlil'sglx' uncle in aceastii perri63615
    are !o,: procesur ,Jr, ,ronr-tituire
    te pdstr0nrl in c<lntinual'e o a,pot;su,-ito., ,"r.,ruriile mentiona_
    strrlrrtllrd conservativr. Reiegind
    tntea'I'ruc'ift t11i('ctliotlri pt:rate din u..nrio, ii.p.'Jrr" o. pdrerea
    tr extinsa cronologic pana ta srar.gitur cd noti_
    V' lear a,Chr.. (99t. sec. .,,r vrllo -- inceputur
    sec. ar
    C',rrnt,r,r*t*entul al rr.erlelr ,Dittnstiile
    le in care rsLlnt arlaliz'te-cli'erse
    regele(ll3_l4rl, nr._cat. 1g6_221.5)include
    ,rp.*r, ale -acestei p.otrt",nuti.i. prin .r,rrriouri;r patru subcapito_
    t('<(tte rirnpurii ( 113-l 17) qt e Tracict s,i ,turele
    Re,t;atiil odr..us (l l8 i2;j
    se itzd pubLcul in isto:ia cer.cetdror burgar K. Jorcianov
    "r'.,or.rtui
    P'liricii r Tracieri in,:epancl cLrsfer'gitur
    tul ser: l p chr' i'n h'iza'sLrr':;ei':r sec. ar vI-r; a.crhr. gi pani 'er_
    iiterat'e: gi numisnraticre sunt ra incepu_
    lr';r politice lracice cu'egatele anarizate, in deosebi, rerafiire structuil-
    lx)rsar gi rnaceclonion. in ,,i.iun.o autorurui,.onjun.tura
    rrrbiiS cirLre s-a creal itt T;raci, poriticd fa'o_
    <11 ra expeclilia Iui
    Darrus i'potnva scirilor- ,(r14),iarmai
    narirlla gr terestri il srec lor apoi gi ciupa
    'rctofjii
    [tult st-tbi;tatrtiai la cons;o]rdaiea qi
    asuFr'a prer;;ilor in iLnul 466 a.chr.la
    Eiurymeclon (116). a contri_
    stabilirare,l siatari,aiii'irr.,.., acest
    l'ca regatulur odrys r';: elucidttt'":a proces curmin0nd cu constitui_
    acestui .spect, I(.J. ac.rcld o atenqie
    rar mal rpol cu N'{acerlonia' tlcce deosebita rerafiiror cu Atena
    ntul fiind p:s p. n:tuliite matrimonia,re
    colitbotat'ea nriiit:r'a cLr accsl'c ptr'te.i. cu caracter dipiom'tic pi pe
    Pe baza,r,u.rr.ttr.ategorir de rsurse
    in rsubcapitctlvl Rlizborttici QntiP' D. Dimitro'a intreprinde
    ;;i o antrlizlta artei rnilir:arr: tracice (126-133).pe
    rli cliver'sele tipuri de arme ciescotrr':rite
    1lc- de pr: piesele toreutice
    r.T:!rllr,,i; i;; j-8), in arenria iauroareilinga srau
    sursele scrise
    reprezenrdri-
    dc la I-)rrvanii, \/raca. Rogozen g'i
    din rcrrnplexclc f'unera'r: de la Kr:t:anldk, Busouu Mcgila (fig, 9) picturle murale
    gi
    MagliZ li"e,r.^,,,]a.ovo (fig.r-Ii. rLrurica
    !() rPgctlt, resediltt,tle, temTtl'ele ce fine de ora,se_
    4;i rt,f ezcirile /,t Trncia pr:r:,),rrro,,d, deor;ebit
    1;oal'ele citle nu au cunr3scut scrtr;rli. din c're au
    de impoftant[ pentru p._
    facut
    tol <le l-' K.no'a r'l3a-140)' [Jn ittteres declsebit parte gi trac.ii, este analizatd in ultimul subcapi-
    prezinta aici har:ta cre Ia pagrn a r37.pnn
    serllle qt'ltf ic:e sunl carlografiate at;ezirile, diverse
    n.,,r"poi.t* gi'..rpt.^ele dr:.rt,iain Tracia
    ir0nclcur erpocit bronzul,i si panI i'ep.ca rornanS. Pr: l[ngi bulgard ince_
    prasarea topogri.fica gr organizarea
    flon,ld a 'civerseior tipuri cie mc'tlumente L.l(. trece in func-
    litva'.-dr:r'e/-dava, -brra, pe crare Ie :orelea;rE
    ie'iistx gi top.nimile cu termrnatiire -taba/-
    cu terminologii. utilizatd de: aut'rii
    [n cr'rmpartjmentul prttru ze';t sunt^abcrrdate antici.
    aspecteie lrivina panteonul qr cultul
    .[9':1' nt'-*ot' :226-232)' Binr:cuncr;cut la traci (117-
    in lumea grii,rlirira prin iuCrdrile saLle fundamenrale
    relrgia 5i cultul tracilor, AI' Irol n.uin:jj.iX despre
    cataiogul oe rala cu un eseu clespr e orfizntrtl
    rt'ri dottti t'lrunturi tt'pt'€ tI€ttlta:rirr: r177-18ti). trocic
    insogit rie rrlaginrle sanctuarerlor din
    lc cli;r l'egrrtlne a Tangartla' derner;,;ul autorului stancile gi grote-
    se axeazii fe dezvdlurrea esenter orfizmului
    Prin intermerliul anali2'ci th'soninrelo'intiln,ite tracic.
    in lumea'rracd qi a sr.,rsel,or literare cititorul este
    iinilirt, cle altf,:l intr-o lbrmil. f'oarl,e accesibilii,
    in ce,le zeco etape ale cosnrogoniei clrfice. punAnd
    ac)cerltul pe deoseb;irile fafd de t'elul
    cum acest ritual a f.st interpretat de greci,
    autorul conchicie
    Reuista 1!1;h9919g19g' S cri91c24a

    a crerJintei in nemurire cafacteristic6


    tract-
    c6 0rfrznrul tracic treLrrrie tratat ca o forrnd sp.'ificd sacrd dintri: Ze-
    1rcr. Fra iqii gisegte exprr:,sie in mistcr-ire
    cosmc€onice ti curtlce logate cre c6satoria
    Vitr;sile"za I'ine cu sinteza Contuctele tru-
    i!a-mamir;i ieciorul e,, ;c,arele,'focul. ln contiiuare, M' drntre cele
    c,o-,t''rigietrc, (]87-]t94) l.n care analizeazi
    dil,ert;e aspecte ale inru<lit"ii etno-culturale
    clouia p'poafr:. ljat l'iirrrl faPtr-rl ci a.tlt tracii
    clt l;i frigienii nu aLl lasilt posteritAtii o moEtenire lite-
    ar'tlorilor arLtici q;i pulinele surse epigraft-
    ra*i, la bra:1a litucllLrlr-' l,;tau, 1n prinrul rfrncl, info'maiile
    prezint6 gi pzrrarerr: drntre complexele-sanctua;'e
    ce crn mer,iur tr.aco-fri1;ian. Un rnteres creosr:Lrit
    plasntte in stiincit,: qi ;gr,rtete clin Tr:'acia Lrulga'rd
    (iatul, Harrnan Kaja' Asenovgrad' frg' 1-5) 9i ce-
    pe brv-a crateror ob!irrute sunt evrdentiate aspectele comllne
    re l.r.igiene clin nc,rci-,,e:;tul Anirtoliei. in funclionalitatea 9t
    j'n vcnerarea cultulLri zl,eiler-mami. (189) 9i a lL,i Sabazit'rs (190)' precum 5i
    simboiismulcomp[ex.:lorjtumular.r:ciinrrredir:ltracic9ifrig.iant.193). ctrltul inili-rz[ publicuI in as-
    ctnci"rc.redinlrt $i
    in c,rnti'uerrea cel. precedent, gi conrparr.rnrentul Trut:in ntitica S;'
    ZZ+, nr.-cat' 2-j3-24.t)' in subcapitolul
    pe:ctt:le coS'lo$rtlti0i ;,i cultuturt tt'acic tZCl: tconografice:
    Supulle unel analtze se,mnirtice reprezentiriie
    |eqenclara (2:,03.212, fi1:. l-6), [j. Penkova' de bronz:
    de pe cirnile de algint clie ta Ro1lor.,n 1iig.
    Z,I,n' -r;ot'.228' ?30) qi de pe mAnerul oglindei aspectele
    ritualulut cifiat p"u".ri" obiecte. Definind
    dc la cuhar1.3 rifi5l. l) pr,rpunln,t r..onlt,.ucfia a slffl-
    obiecte' E'F', arializeaz' semnificatia cultuall
    pr.incri;ale ale cult*lLu ,;1,eitei-mami' ae p" acostc cultu-
    t;lurul' cerbul 9i bertlecrrl' Numeroasele cclmplexe
    trolulir.rlrcl:.repl.ez;enta1t, atci: leul, c,ental-rr',rl, in subcapitol Lot:urile dt:
    13ulg.ariei sunt anaiizate de'V' Fol
    ale me:galrtrr:e ciirrr reglirrnile mc'ntal.',e ale
    cle la MiSko'a niva (fig' l)' complexele-
    utlt (213-22:,+) Dreose,lrit de semnificativr: sr-int Heroon-ul fieli5-Asenovgrad (fig' 5)' plecum $1 tenl-
    K'1a ifig' 2.4).9i
    sat.lctuare qi ilropilc, rit,ale c1e i.Harnlan cd in aceste com-
    plasarca t'ai multora ctiiite in locuri $rr3u sr3cesibile arat[
    plui dc la Tatul (lig. !,i. cdtre sa-
    trnpurii, aces'teii{iind realizate' de obicei' de
    plcr,e cull'rt".ro'.lprrr:ticate mist,:riiie orfrce mLlntoase;i instt-
    Odata cu ',cobOrffrea" creci.inteL din regiunile
    c,erclot"i ,Ji n,:adt'ulclas,,:i aristor:ratice. iraci-
    tr.r[ionariz_arcir er -- f,etrr.menul cste
    purin rega,turx cu stabrlii:area comunitd{ilor teritorial-statale comple-
    de'prac:ticare a orfizmLtlui tracic devin
    ce in sec. al V-lea a'Cl:rr' (215)-' locurilo irincipale l5 mii (2 |7,239)' o semnif:-
    i,., -nrri55ar;a cifra cie l0 sau chiar.
    xelle tul.nltlare. N.urnil.t,rl lor depi',,'," de Kazanldk' tumulir
    ca{ie rJeose'rtii ar: ne<:..cpola tumulari
    din agii-zisa vurea regirnrtruci de lavest
    vlogiia gi siuror.,r. conforni'V.F. asisr6m aici
    la. cifrare a credinlcr
    ib la Alexiildro,ro, c,,:tinjova
    murale (220)'
    crr.fice, r.ealjzalir prin irrrermedigl
    elementelor artritectonice 9i a pictulilor (239-284' nt'-
    qaselea compi:ntinrent al catalogului
    ,',-et.ltrte
    trut.ticriprr:zinti subjectul celui rJe-al arhltecturale
    c:irt,246-290). Sub l.itlul tli, tttonttirie, tetrtple, Gh' Kitov analizeaz'a complexele toreutica tracica
    (,,t,39_251), scutptLrra r25l-25:t, 'r,rl iig. l-i01, prcruia (254-258), $1,]:^::]:,,lin urm[,tracice din acesle
    tras6turile r::aracte'istlce artei
    (:l5g-2(i5, :,ig 2, 16."t-21, incercarid sa cvid,:.qieze monurnen-
    d,rmenii. P,: l0ngd cel': ciouit hArli
    (p' 24Ct-241)(ltl caltografierea principalelor categorii de
    din complexele funerare
    1€: disctltate aict. un lnteres
    6tussbrlt prezLnti clel;crierea 9i analrzriarkritecturii
    de Ia Ho'izont (fig' 5) li
    rJe la Sur'rnrek (fig. I I si Ostr:u*a
    Mogila (fig' 3), din,.templele clin tumulii.
    (liolj'nra Arsenalka (1ig 7), n]atrsoleuicle iaitrelda (fig' 8;'
    p"'tun] 9i a picturii murale clin tumulul
    ia in
    ,iocenr desc operir de r i Arexanclro'o
    i" rru."r';i ilrt rr'oitt,,s.i nnrite' K' PoroZanov
    (t ;. i;' ;ij.'vedere
    destrne-
    de a, important,ei cdiror ma'time pentru
    ,crscr-rtie noliune;l Tru..iu ltort'cir,iin fu?,.tur relaliilor intrelii.tute
    har!i ofer[ crtitorului o Jrrivire asupra
    tc crvrliza!i,:i tracice, tzr:i6-2i-,t).cele'far:ru in Traciii bul-
    c. epoca Jneotiti.a'qi pann in perioada r:oloniz6rir grecegti
    pe c^re mi.rr.itrmri'nc(,Diind un suport irn-
    parte o dem.rsur,ri. ArdtL'i de sursele literare
    gara. ucest proces fiirrc analizatin a doua ?n apropie'ea lit.ralulli'
    petrl.Ll. tecofrr,,:rucrtiile oferite de tt.p.'rezintd^anc',,ele descoperite
    prortanl despre legdturile^tracilor
    continenturui. in continuarea iieilor
    precum gi barer,: d..,upru clin adhnc.ur (218-284,fig' l-3)' In afard
    ,ri contribufra s.intezere troco-grece;rr de 1.. K.nova
    c:u a,te por)oare traco-grecegti' Acestea
    'ine
    cie toponornra ponticii un irrreres
    cieosebit pre:zint[ interferent;ere religioase
    semnel.r prelTlo-
    aici pr.rn prizma cultului lui A.poton, care sti in reg6turd cu difuzarea
    s;unt analizrate
    a cultururizeilei-mam5 gi a zeului
    cunoscut in
    sergefi gi a clerfinagilor,
    ,etare sub fornia 'irr[.uri10r <J.e
    sub rrumele Theos Megas'
    mai ntulte ,:olottii nol'dvestpontice n,rrelnsrl nrezentat
    ,'29.'-..:\52) incheie catalogul prezentat a,.ct.
    enill| T'rtrcict ron't(lttd (309..326, nr.-cat'
    ClotnJr;rrtrn: romane in
    ,AbordAnd problem;L
    'fracii si ,orrnr'.ii,'1.-5,rp,,uu trece in revist6 organizarea provinciiior
    L:plqtrtt !-!-,. 1 _
    J ll,- i.r )ulgal5. rrcclll-n si e ,,,,,1,,*.-.. ,-
    t' cirrulilrca procesului cie urbaniz; -_---llu
    3t.'r irr;;,".;;;:.:]: p,ezi
    rta interes
    r ai:ia ,";;;;;; ;;trexr jlna !e;;;;;;:1i!ii:;:.Ii;:,,1;il:
    ul u i s
    $:l#fi,:JTlf;i,,(i:i;
    i n, J; J,,,!o',
    a n r u a, e o,,r
    s r r

    gic,,rsi a subiecrui,.,r.! ^",;,:,1;,y;;;il],i'.'.,r,,'.,"


    o o, ,p..e,";,":[J',,11;T.# l1*i,3r*]l. X.l ;:**Ti*'[1ritl3:*
    ililr lli {,:'i::,x"; i:u u ;*: H ** I
    ii'
    ;i
    ,nr,n r::,|
    -:,1: 1; :,;lr ;,; n: *
    i;
    ero, :cresrine'rinrp,rrii
    crirr r,.u.r,,
    hii*
    ilil,??:,,;)!"J;::ti[. ji#];#,lli,l*il*h,
    i,

    l:;ili,,iJ,:Tl fflllflmm:u*i**l',5ll;?'ii,,." ,,,,.i..,-.,," a; p,egaut, inrr_un


    re,,
    "(iub gener.icul twa,rr)ttir,,
    . rulturrt...,,.,,',tin',;:i;:,,;;',#'
    ;;, d:;;;I
    tchr roI vine rr ..16,.^.:,, r .
    'ine la sfiir'qit:rl catalo-qului cu o anarizd
    r

    asupra renrinescen_
    stltr d*nLtd
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    aou, lurnaraie a sec ar
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    .Aparirtur iri .:rr.rn.,,
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    catalogr Lri prezintl un
    tabr:l cronrllogic, care
    ,r-irn,:ntc,,' ,rr"rr.,,- inchrde cere mai importante
    eve_

    i I i :;:i iillii i;
    il ii
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    ; iiL{1i; f**d i*:llil
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    lc'r' crif $i I:'ent'u cerr:etdrorii r;r;;i;,;'.-,,,, inreres,reosreb,,::tlit^T.accesibllS no,.ii-
    griinririct,-In deosebi penrru..llilT:t.'u lai:ii pasionagi a" iri"rio,lii
    ct:ler pcste'i-50 cle f iguri urntii, dar gi pentrLr cadrele
    innrenu
    ri osL r m;rreriarurui irusrrariv rchjaie
    " :djn didactico
    , ,;i;; ::',:f ,H,,T,,JnXi;ff*:t:;ff:*
    ilJ rlo'11''
    [ro par(:ulsL ] secoiuliri ;;;; pubiicate
    ,r.
    |",iffi:l':i:il:
    ot,io,iin
    lqrett ac;esibile public:ului larg
    importanta r;tiinfifica
    diu".r. r.-u;r;;;; speciaritate,
    a creseor,
    1rr: crl' 1;'ublrcatrilr: pr:ce'Jentel . t iitroJ,ce
    catarogurui rezicrd fiin-rrprrr cd,
    in clrcui,"r-t,li"r,ti. un nu*i,;" in compara_
    ;;. cle obie'e, rdrnase
    lilil,i::il,lf.lil; ff;::::::l iiJ j;X,:il:?:li:X
    con,irqi cd pubri:aria va rrezi
    un inreres mare in

    F'ac'ultar,ztt de, lsrorie.ri pr,i^rtlogie, Valeriu Btutctru,


    (./,iver.ritotea
    r.,14
    cle Stat rlittRepubIicu MoIrllot,a,
    s. t cu e e y i c i 6 0, A4 D, _
    2 001,t, C I r i S i n iii: u, Republica Moltlot ct
    Bdle$escu' C' Hizitdt' V' Radu'
    A' M' F Tomesctt' I' Tomescu'
    D. Pctpovici, A' Metode gi Tehnici'
    Cercetizrea,Arheologic,; etuiJisc:iptinara p., 12 pl'
    Editrtra cetitteet or"srrir,',i, I3ucuregti,2002,78
    "Concepte'
    ir coieclia.aparlinlindMuzeului,Nalional de Istonedu-
    a
    Volumul de fa!i, cl,: mici dirnensiuni, lLparg ttt de al treilea'
    Ron.rAniei, Biruoteca Nl rzetilui.\a1ional,
    ii'io ct""ta'i piutiai:t]p]":Tt^'^llTleste editatd de Drago-
    lntreaga serie
    ,,onro.rurer palirrologiei li oacirii prirr radiocarbo'' pluricriscrplina'e din cadrui a-
    ird
    'olumel,
    mi' pop.vrci {onctxor,.,i qi oireci""rlc"l;;;ii, r.iaio""r^cre cercetari
    din Bucureqtt'
    ,.iuiuqi Mttzt:u Naqional cie [storie a Romintei explicd necesltatea Ll-
    v.l,lmului. sugest,u intitut"r[ ,,De ce:? qi cuin?-, editor"ul
    in introducer€:a de fa!6' drum care
    parcurs p0n[ la,aparilia fiz:ica l u:l:-uiui
    nui .stfbl de der.ners pr€cum qi rlrurinur Pl'ridisciplinare'
    o c.li'''tui ialional cle Cerceti;iri
    incepe ociard cu inl'i:in1u,,-, in 1996 rapi.cle a urror nnetode gi tehnici
    utilizate in irr-
    eri de f.pt o sumd de preze:nt[ri
    Volr-rmur cie tatir 3
    care scriu aceastit pre.
    l.L t.i iln semnai 9i in
    acr:la:;i timp o introducere, la data
    }rec,logie Iii se cloregte propritt'
    zentiLle, mulle.t,n n-,!1.,,.i.1e gi tehnicir..lrut. ar:i beneficiirrcl de un volum arheologic[ p'"t-
    Llfma,oor.^,''conce'fii, meto.de ui tehnici in^cercetarea
    vcllurnulur este
    qii"."girrtur.o dri.,ior strarigrafice (p'8-15)'
    Stru,:tur;r Sedimentolo-
    ridrsr:iplinarii moc'ernii i.p. 5-7), sapaturl (p' 41-
    (e 2q), f'uf inof 1{ Zl -ZO1'.Antrac.iog ii (p' Zl +S)' Carpologie
    gie qi mrcrornorfologre 19 ''giu fc'rnr-at digital (p' 68-69)' Volumul se'

    5'.i, Arfreoz.ol.g'a (p. i3-67), sro,rur"o-i:i"u,itii,,."o dateloL in


    incheie,.:u o serie cle an;xe 9i ilr-rstlaltt' . , ^, ,parte subliniat c[
    trebuie crrlrliniat
    ^-+^ +-oLrria sem-
    cd acestea nu sunt sel
    ,Je ii trerce prezentaretr fiecarui cap.tol in
    inainte 1,.,
    pe baza activitalii lor ac:tuale'
    nii,ie. autor-ii putancl fi rumaibirnuili, ca autor pe Dragomir
    popovici'
    popovici, traseazd c;a-
    c^
    prirnr:le d.uii capitoie, de rnici dimensiunr, irvindu-l alltorul menpo-
    cercetarea arheololgicd contemporan6'
    te:r,a liniide prrnr:iiriu in ceea ce se nume$te
    analtz':
    nAndinbibliogralirrlrrc:,rariiundepcrtfigasiteilc()Steiucrur.iirrdet"aliu.
    ionto*in::t't' prt':zintd in principal tipurile de
    Al rrerl,ra capitol irvinclu-l .o ,uroii'" O" rezultate' implicit ;i
    se,Jime'rologic.: gi micronrorfoiogice - $i ;;;i lles categoiiitt
    de laborator.-
    u'irloo'^ prezintd utilitateapa-
    ";;fii?,il]1 :il,::::3::i:il5]l'fi'Jil,"o,, Mihair Ficrian ]"omescu,
    i' a lolosit in analiza palinologicli 9i
    lrnologier pcntru arhc,:logie, rehnt'c.ile it'ltt'o" "oi'ltentulr-ri
    ce pot tlt f,:otin,]t.1lrin folosireil acestoi *t'ndt'.-,,-inr)i antracolol
    '
    antracologit:i
    rezultatele prr:zintri ne
    pe q.,rrrrr
    scurt nroblematica
    probrematica
    ctre Iuria'r'omescu,
    capitoiere c'ncr ii ,ase, eraborate prr::leviirii. gi eqantio'lrii probelor
    neco-
    _ rrtilitcrea ror !)entru ort,.otug,i., metoclologia
    qri carpologiei
    utilitate lor pentru cercetafe:l' alheologicd
    s;are iinalizei, tipr:ille rle rezuliate 5i :declicat arheozoolol
    Clrpitolulatgirptelea,reci::LctatcleAdrianB-Jdqescugr\/alentinRadu,estedeclicatarheozoologiet
    meioc*, rlin cardrul sumar sunt prezentate definriia'
    prezeniare de 'olumului'
    r;r oferii cer rnari br,rni, de studiu sunt pi:ezen-
    rraredalele o. r,uJiu qi me tociele de cr-ranti:fica'e. Etapele
    is;to'cLrl cirscip'nei,
    avantajelor gi ciez.avr;,.;;i;'. for.sirii diferitelor metode de prele-
    ri*tr: in derariu, insislir.du-se .supra .rtin.,ure a virstei, determin.re
    a sexului
    var.e. De a$emenea su't oferite de,ta'i;16r^ llr.ocedeelor'Jr, consiclerl'd
    .prezinti gi categ,r'iit. a..r.rutiate specifice arheozoologiei'
    tirfon.nLiei ,\utorii far'6 contribu'ita
    gi asuprii
    arheologica c,Jrnplet6 gi mo<iernzi nu mai este posibila
    cl ..la ora actuerrtt o crlrcetare
    arher:zool<lgiei"' . ri^-..--.i^i prezintd cateva date privind
    Popovici, n,.a-zinri.ireva
    p stocarea qi utili;:e-
    rr:tlactat tot cle Dragomir
    uttim.rl caprtol, cle-la l{irgova - pfogram
    de cercetdri care de :Llt-
    rea clarelor in f.nnat ligitar,
    .u trimit.r.-iu.,-r.-ia.ile
    qr li realizarea acestui volttm'
    centrurui rrralionar cle ,ce'cet[n rturirtrsciiltinare
    I,el a ctus LL in'rrnfarca volumul' c,re
    put.u i.i ma.i bine alipit cafitolelor creinceput;, incheie
    Acest foar'e mic capitol 1." {:p' lo zl), Fiqa de inregistrare
    a uniti-
    anexe {.oi'.rr; utile: Mic glosar d*.;;;l Di-
    esre insolit cre carer,r de locuire'
    Figd de iniegistrare a structurilor
    ,tilor str.atiE,rafic,e, F,i;.Li,Je inr.,:gistrare..o*pi.,^.lor,
    j" p"=rtuu'" Fil6 d'e prelevare palinologrcd'
    allrama ,,,ru"n1"ior'i;tratigrafi-c",-riia "a*t"nii'gita' malacologicl' Figii
    Fiq6 cir pielevar. ."rp;i;r;i.a,Fire-0.-prelevare
    Figd cte prrt.u*r* u,ri.oroiogi.d, are 9i o bibliografie se-
    ihtiologlca, Fiqei a" p"Luuti o'h-ozoorogi",;u*ire'e'' votumul
    de prelev're
    dorneniile abordate'
    lectivi tp 77-75:,lp'i'u"u fiecare Cin
    ):',t, tirt.ry! l.-l.l I
    _- --_-_192
    ,,,-, ,;lli ;l';,il;;;;;1':.n'::,';:::,"::'::11,:ll: :"r"T o'vincr ce ,ceri,ri;:it a,heorosic:1 pr,ricJisciprinard
    tl''[re riogia rontineasci.
    ','t)ir.rm'omlne.sc ciu.e Pe,nr.rr prima dari a'em
    Llrr3,1r. ,t.u.r*n,.'llllil:.:
    ot-il stllrit;" ct:nggp1g. nlci()cle,;i tehnici un
    rh'r.'r'en. \','Jx111i1;, tbltlsite in arlie,Jlogia
    i:*
    :rl*;ll*i rH i; I-ilff i .l'.:il : i::,l, li i lTiffi
    ;
    lii : ii :,:;ii;ff H{i rum *:
    \''oJiiti-tui vine:?n p'rrrciP:ri in a.jutorLrl
    stuclentilor;; al finer.ilor i:rheologi,
    iil,j...|ili.i|tfiiqt],atellijiltl.ltLl1t)i.aiJieojoeiIor.prir,inc1..,*.,,i.*ii..teac:crcetiir,,^n'.j",l![::1'lj,,l,]ll,::
    ca;
    lo]'ill cal'e sli rtlttng" aceast.lVc,iuriul,.r.,,-,,1,,a,,o;jerci
    t-ttil irhi:Lr";r'l'lirebLt
    public:iiui irug'i''t"','-rui',-r.'a'he.lo;rie, sinteiice;i ciare de prezentare.
    este
    :\tlllr-itearn inchei;'L f i'i tt'niii n,,,r'"roasere
    rii ,rL, iiittiniui
    r.inrl Lreneficiar acesteia.
    l'll-l Sr"'iicltu nlrni(: 'urtlrllti'lt 'r -ere5:ii cre rehno-recr;.rctare 'r
    are vorumurui,
    iltt:s{uil, rl ','.lo;lre.r.,*,i,rir,*;,;;,. clar care
    r,a riLsd i.Irii i'croiarr ul.me
    in tirnp.

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    ,l\rlilltli(lt 1969). I I()-lll.


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    ( ttnprttir i')9:i A XXVIII'rr St'siune Nalicnuiii ,l,, rrpni,:i" r,:rr.ulog1ice. Satu lvluLc, ll-i.5 mai 199.1. Saru l\{lre 199J, I ll.
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    adr,esa; 1glgfbn, lilx, e_mail.
    Rccenirii, lll.'jzentilri cle ciir!i, pers-onalia, lrrr :ologii etc,

    l]li]ltl5cI|s|lin]b1Ilir|e]eL':ronici'l.intt'l[,L,tll|tltttn;f.tlttt'ti:cl2''SptttL,

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