Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Lezione 3
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Diapositiva 2
QD p
QD p
è data dal rapporto tra variazione percentuale della quantità
domandata e variazione percentuale del prezzo
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Diapositiva 3
Alcuni numeri
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Diapositiva 4
Attenzione
L’elasticità della domanda al prezzo è
legata alla pendenza della curva di
domanda ma non è uguale ad essa in
ogni punto!
a(
Pendenza della curva = p / Q = a
= ( Q / Q) / ( p / p) = ( Q / p) * (p / Q) = (1 / a) * (p / Q)
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Diapositiva 5
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Diapositiva 6
P =∞
• Domande infinitamente elastiche non esistono (è un caso
D limite ipotetico).
• La reattività è massima.
• Qualsiasi piccola variazione di P provoca una grossa risposta
della Q domandata.
• La curva di domanda è una retta orizzontale.
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Diapositiva 7
m
Q D
m
Q
D m
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Diapositiva 8
Tipologie di beni
Elasticità della domanda al Reddito > 0
Beni normali
Un incremento del reddito aumenta anche la quantità domandata (domanda) del bene.
Elasticità della domanda al Reddito > 1
Beni di lusso
I beni di lusso hanno una elasticità positiva e più che proporzionale. Appartengono alla
categoria dei beni di lusso i gioielli, le auto di grande cilindrata, le cene ai ristoranti di
lusso, ecc.
0 < Elasticità della domanda al Reddito < 1
Beni di prima necessità
I beni di prima necessità hanno una elasticità positiva ma meno che proporzionale
rispetto al reddito. Un incremento del reddito aumenta la quantità domandata
(domanda) del bene in modo meno che proporzionale.
Elasticità della domanda al Reddito < 0
Beni inferiori
I beni inferiori hanno una elasticità negativa rispetto al reddito. Un incremento del reddito
riduce la quantità domandata (domanda) del bene.
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Diapositiva 9
A partire da un determinato livello di reddito, quando tutti i bisogni primari sono soddisfatti,
la famiglia cessa di acquistare i beni necessari per la sopravvivenza che, da questo punto in
poi, sono caratterizzati da un'elasticità al reddito molto bassa
Legge di Engel
I consumatori soddisfano prima i bisogni di prima necessità e,
successivamente, destinano una quota crescente dell'incremento
del reddito a soddisfare i bisogni superiori e voluttuari.
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Diapositiva 10
La curva di Engel
La curva di Engel è la rappresentazione grafica della domanda
di mercato di un bene in funzione delle variazioni del reddito.
La curva di Engel consente di misurare sul piano cartesiano l'elasticità della domanda al reddito.
L'inclinazione della curva di Engel consente di analizzare la natura del bene economico.
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Diapositiva 11
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Diapositiva 12
Perché?
Nell’Ottocento, in Irlanda, le patate
erano un bene di prima necessità e paradosso
Prezzo
non vi erano beni sostituti «minori» di Giffen
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Diapositiva 13
Beni sostituti
I beni sostituti sono beni economici in
grado di soddisfare un medesimo
bisogno del consumatore
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Diapositiva 14
1,2
1
QD p2
1
Q
D p2
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Diapositiva 15
Beni sostituti
Un variazione positiva del prezzo (aumento) del bene 2 (p/p >0) genera
una variazione positiva (aumento) della quantità consumata del bene 1 (Q/Q >0)
Un variazione negativa del prezzo (diminuzione) del bene 2 (p/p <0) genera
una variazione negativa (diminuzione) della quantità consumata del bene 1 (Q/Q <0)
1,2
1
QD p2
1 >0
Q
D p2
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Diapositiva 16
Beni complementari
Un variazione positiva del prezzo (aumento) del bene 2 (p/p >0) genera
una variazione negativa (diminuzione) della quantità consumata del bene 1 (Q/Q <0)
Un variazione negativa del prezzo (diminuzione) del bene 2 (p/p <0) genera
una variazione positiva (aumento) della quantità consumata del bene 1 (Q/Q >0)
1,2
1
QD p2
1 <0
Q
D p2
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Diapositiva 17
Il concetto di complementarietà e di
succedaneità è, tuttavia, soggettivo.
Esempio 1: un soggetto considera il caffè e lo zucchero come due prodotti
complementari in quanto li consuma insieme. Per un altro soggetto, che prende il
caffè amaro, tale complementarietà non sussiste.
Esempio 2: per un soggetto, vino e birra possono essere tra loro succedanei. Per un
altro, che non ama la birra, sono tra loro succedanei due tipi di vino diversi.
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Diapositiva 18
Esempio
Utilizzando dati sui volumi di traffico su rete
fissa, e sui prezzi unitari del traffico su rete
fissa e mobile, è stato stimata la domanda del
traffico su rete fissa in funzione del prezzo
unitario del traffico su rete fissa e mobile nel
periodo 2003-2010 in Italia.
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Diapositiva 19
Alcuni numeri
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