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P e r c h i l2 2d i c e m b r e2 0 0 3 ,i np i e n ae s p l o s i o n ed e ic r a cC i r i oeP a r m a l a t , s u c c e d ec h ei lp o o ld ib a n c h ec r e d i t r i c id e lp a r t i t od e iD e m o c r a t i c id i S i n i s t r a-c a p e g g i a t od aC a r i s b o( g r u p p oS a nP a o l o I m i )c o nu nc r e d i t od i c i r c a3 0m i l i o n id ie u r o ,ec o s t i t u i t oi n o l t r ed aB a n c aI n t e s aeC a p i t a l i a ( c r e d i t r i c io g n u n ap e r2 1m i l i o n id ie u r o )eM o n t ed e iP a s c h id iS i e n ac o n u nc r e d i t od ic i r c a3 , 5m i l i o n id ie u r o-r a g g i u n g eu na c c o r d op e ri l p a g a m e n t od e ld e b i t oc o m p l e s s i v oc o nu n ' o p e r a z i o n e" as a l d oes t r a l c i o "c h e p r e v e d el ac a n c e l l a z i o n ed e l5 0 %d e lc o l o s s a l ed e b i t ot o t a l e( c i r c a2 3 5 m i l i o n id ie u r o )d e lp a r t i t od iF a s s i n oeD ' A l e m a ? U n2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4c o m ei l1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 ? C o m em a i-r e c i t au n ' i n t e r r o g a z i o n er i v o l t ai l2 2g e n n a i o2 0 0 4d a l l ' e u r o d e p u t a t ol e g h i s t aM a r i oB o r g h e z i oa lp r e s i d e n t ed e lP a r l a m e n t od i S t r a s b u r g o-q u e s t ot r a t t a m e n t od if a v o r ev e r s ou np a r t i t op o l i t i c oi nu n p e r i o d oi nc u ia z i o n i s t ieo b b l i g a z i o n i s t id ia z i e n d el e g a t ec o nis u d d e t t i i s t i t u t ib a n c a r is t a n n op a g a n d os u l l al o r op e l l el a" f i n a n z ac r e a t i v a "d e i
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T a n z iel ad i s a t t e n z i o n en e lc o l l o c a m e n t od i" j u n kb o n d s "d ap a r t ed i s p o r t e l l i s t ip o c os v e g l i ?N o nl es e m b r au n ap a l e s ev i o l a z i o n ed e lp r i n c i p i o d il i b e r ac o n c o r r e n z as a n c i t od a ld i r i t t oc o m u n i t a r i o ,v i s t al ad i s c r e p a n z a d it r a t t a m e n t ot r aiD sei" n o r m a l i "r i s p a r m i a t o r i ?N o nl ep a r ec h el aB c e d o v r e b b eu np o 't i r a r el eo r e c c h i ea lp i o( ea p p i s o l a t o )A n t o n i oF a z i o , v i s t oc h ei nq u e s t av i c e n d aB a n k i t a l i an o nh ag a r a n t i t oi lr i s p e t t od e l l e n o r m ed ic u ia g l ia r t i c o l i1 0 1e1 0 2d e lT r a t t a t od e l l ' U n i o n eE u r o p e a ? . C h i s s p e r c h ,m is e m b r au nf i l mg i v i s t o ,d i c eu ng r a n d ee xm i n i s t r oD c , P a o l oC i r i n oP o m i c i n o .S ,s e m b r au np o '" M e m e n t o " ,p e l l i c o l at u t t a f l a s h b a c k ,d o v el ' a r i ac h et i r ai nq u e s t op r i n c i p i a r ed i2 0 0 4 ,t ir i p o r t a a l1 9 9 3 ,l ' a n n od im e s s ai nm o r ad e lP a r l a m e n t os o v r a n o .Oa l1 9 9 4 ,l ' a n n o d e l l ' e l i m i n a z i o n ep e rv i ag i u d i z i a r i ad iD ceP s ied e l l ab r e v ea n o m a l i ad e l B e r l u s c o n iI .Oa l1 9 9 5 ,l ' a n n od e ls a l v a t a g g i op e rv i ag i u d i z i a r i ad e l l aD c d e m i t i a n aed e lP c i P d sec o n s e g u e n t el o r oi n v e s t i t u r a ,s o t t ol ' a l b e r od e l l ' U l i v o ,af o r z ed ig o v e r n o .Oa n c o r aa l1 9 9 6 2 0 0 1 ,c i n q u ea n n id i c e n t r o s i n i s t r aet r eg o v e r n i-P r o d i ,D ' A l e m a ,A m a t o-a da l t as p r e m i t u r a f i s c a l ep e rp o r t a r el ' I t a l i ai nE u r o p a ,p e ro f f r i r em o l t eg a r a n z i ea i r a i d e r sd e l l af i n a n z a( v e d ip r i v a t i z z a z i o n id iS e a tP a g i n eG i a l l eeT e l e c o m ) ep e rg a r a n t i r ei ls o l i t oec o s t a n t e" c o n t r o l l od il e g a l i t "s u l l ea z i e n d e d e lC a v a l i e r eN e r o .M e n t r ep r o s p e r a n o ,l o n t a n od a ir i f l e t t o r id e lq u a r t o p o t e r eed iq u e l l og i u d i z i a r i o ,i lg r a n d es h o p p i n gd ia z i e n d ei t a l i a n ed a p a r t ed e l l em u l t i n a z i o n a l iel eg e s t i o n ia l l e g r ed ia z i e n d ec h ef i n i r a n n o c o m es o n of i n i t eC i r i oeP a r m a l a t .Ed u n q u e :p e r c h i lq u a d r od e ls i s t e m a I t a l i ai nq u e s t eg i o r n a t ed im e z z oi n v e r n od e l2 0 0 4s e m b r am a l e d e t t a m e n t e s i m i l eaq u e l l od id i e c ia n n if a ? M ac o s aa c c a d d ed i e c ia n n if a ,ac a v a l l ot r ai l1 9 9 2el af i n ed e l' 9 3 ? N i e n t ed ic h e ,p r e s es o l t a n t oi lv i al as v e n d i t ad e l l eg r a n d ia z i e n d e p u b b l i c h ei t a l i a n ea ig r u p p is t r a n i e r i .U n ' o p e r a z i o n ei n a u g u r a t ad a l l o s p e c u l a t o r ei n t e r n a z i o n a l eG e o r g eS o r o sc h eg i o c c o n t r ol al i r a( S o r o sf u p o ip r o t a g o n i s t ad iu n ' i n d i m e n t i c a b i l ec e n an e w y o r k e s ei nc o m p a g n i ad i M a s s i m oD ' A l e m a ,d i v e n t a t on e lf r a t t e m p o ,s u lf i n i r ed e g l ia n n i' 9 0 , " m a s s i m os t a t i s t a " )eo r ar i c i c l a t o s ic o m en e m i c oi m p l a c a b i l ed iB u s h ( c o n t r oi lq u a l eh am e s s oad i s p o s i z i o n em i l i o n id id o l l a r ii np u b b l i c i t p u rd i" c a c c i a r l od aW a s h i n g t o n " )eg u r ud e in og l o b a l .L ' o p e r a z i o n ed i s p o l i a z i o n ed e l l ' I t a l i ap r e s el em o s s en e l l ap r i m a v e r ad e l1 9 9 2c o nu n a s e r i ed ia v v e n i m e n t i p i l o t a :l ac r i s id e l l aP r i m aR e p u b b l i c aei ls u c c e s s i v o c i c l o n ed iT a n g e n t o p o l i ,l ep r i v a t i z z a z i o n i ,l ' a t t a c c oa l l al i r ad ap a r t e p r o p r i od iG e o r g eS o r o sc h eg r a z i eaq u e l l ai n c u r s i o n es p e c u l a t i v at r a s s e g u a d a g n ip a r ia l5 6 0 % . Q u e l l ' e s p l o s i v o1 9 9 2 I l2 3m a g g i od e l1 9 9 2 ,l am a f i au c c i s ei lg i u d i c eG i o v a n n iF a l c o n ei n s i e m e a l l am o g l i eF r a n c e s c aM o r v i l l oea g l iu o m i n id e l l as c o r t a .S uc o s as t a v a i n d a g a n d oF a l c o n e ?S u ir a p p o r t it r am a f i a ,m o n d od e g l ia f f a r iep o l i t i c a . S i ,c e r t o ,m an o ns o l o .P o c h ig i o r n id o p ol as u am o r t e ,i n f a t t i ,G i o v a n n i F a l c o n ea v r e b b ed o v u t oi n c o n t r a r ei lp r o c u r a t o r ed iM o s c a ,V a l e n t i n S t e p a n k o v ,c h ei n d a g a v as u l l ' u s c i t ad a l l ' e xU r s sd is o m m ei n g e n t id id e n a r o n e l l ed i s p o n i b i l i t d e lP c u s .Ac o n f e r m a r l of u ,n e l l ' a u t u n n od e l1 9 9 9 ,l o s t e s s oS t e p a n k o vd u r a n t eu n ap r e s e n t a z i o n ed e ll i b r oL ' o r od iM o s c ad i V a l e r i oR i v a .S u c c e s s ep o ic h et u t t el ec o n o s c e n z ec h eF a l c o n ea v e v as u i f l u s s id id e n a r os p o r c op a s s a r o n oa lc o l l e g aea m i c oP a o l oB o r s e l l i n o : c a s u a l m e n t ed u em e s id o p oa n c h eB o r s e l l i n os a l t p e ra r i a .S u c c e s s e ,s e m p r e n e l l ap r i m a v e r ad iq u e l l os t r a o r d i n a r i o1 9 9 2 ,c h ei lc a p od e lS i s m i( i l s e r v i z i os e g r e t om i l i t a r e ) ,L u i g iR a m p o n i ,s ip r o f u s ei nu ni r r i t u a l een o n r i c h i e s t og i u d i z i os u l l ap o l i t i c ai n t e r n a : OD ceP s is ir i n n o v a n o ,os o n o d e s t i n a t iam o r i r e ,d i s s e .C o m ef i n i t a ,l os is a .S u c c e s s ec h ei l1 7 m a r z ol ' a l l o r am i n i s t r od e g l iI n t e r n i ,V i n c e n z oS c o t t i ,l a n c i u na l l a r m e c o n t r oir i s c h id ip o s s i b i l ia t t a c c h ic h ea v e v a n oc o m eo b i e t t i v oq u e l l od i d e s t a b i l i z z a r ei lq u a d r op o l i t i c oi t a l i a n o :u na l l a r m eg e n e r i c om ac h el o c o n v i n s ea da l l e r t a r et u t t iip r e f e t t i .S a r l os t e s s oS c o t t i ,n e l1 9 9 9 ,a r a c c o n t a r el av e r i t aP a o l oC i r i n oP o m i c i n o : T u t t on a c q u ed au n a
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c o m u n i c a z i o n er i s e r v a t af a t t a m id a lc a p od e l l ap o l i z i aP a r i s ic h e ,s u l l a b a s ed iu nl a v o r od ii n t e l l i g e n c es v o l t od a lS i s d ees u p p o r t a t od a i n f o r m a z i o n ic o n f i d e n z i a l i ,p a r l a v ad ir i u n i o n ii n t e r n a z i o n a l in e l l eq u a l i s a r e b b e r os t a t ed e c i s ea z i o n id e s t a b i l i z z a n t is i ac o na t t e n t a t im a f i o s is i a c o ni n d a g i n ig i u d i z i a r i en e ic o n f r o n t id e il e a d e rd e ip a r t i t id ig o v e r n o . T u t t os u c c e s s en e l l ' a r c od it e m p om a r z o l u g l i o1 9 9 2 ,i nc u ic o m i n c i l a c a v a l c a t ad e lp o o ld iM a n iP u l i t eei nc u is iv e r i f i c a r o n og l ia t t e n t a t i c o n t r oF a l c o n eeB o r s e l l i n o .S u c c e s s ec h en e lm e s ed is e t t e m b r e ,a du n a c e n a ,ic a p id iP o l i z i aeC a r a b i n i e r ic o n f e r m a r o n oc h eV i n c e n z oS c o t t if e c e b e n eal a n c i a r eq u e l l ' a l l a r m e .S u c c e s s ec h e ,s c r i v en e r os ub i a n c o( es e n z a c h ea do g g ig l is i a n op e r v e n u t eq u e r e l eos m e n t i t e )i l" G e r o n i m o "P o m i c i n o n e ls u ol i b r oS t r e t t a m e n t er i s e r v a t o ,s u lf i n i r ed e lm e s ed im a g g i ol o s t e s s oS c o t t if ui n f o r m a t od a lS i s d ec h ean o t t ef o n d ad u ec a m i o n s t r a c a r i c h id id o c u m e n t ie r a n op a r t i t id aB o t t e g h eO s c u r e . C is o n om o d ieM o o d y ' sp e r( s ) v e n d e r e N e ls e t t e m b r e' 9 2 ,q u a s ii nc o n t e m p o r a n e ac o nl an o m i n ad iG i u l i a n oA m a t oa p r e m i e r ,l ' a g e n z i ad ir a t i n gM o o d y ' ss ia c c a n p a r t i c o l a r m e n t ec o n t r ol ' I t a l i a .S e n z au nm o t i v oa p p a r e n t e ,n o na p p e n ai ld o t t o rS o t t i l eg i u n g ea P a l a z z oC h i g i ,M o o d y ' sr e t r o c e d eiB o ti t a l i a n ia l l as e r i eCd e l l a c r e d i b i l i t :p e r c h ?B e h ,c h ei ld i s s e s t od e ic o n t ip u b b l i c if o s s er e a l en o n s e r v i v au ng e n i op e rd i r l om al oe r aa n c h ed u ea n n ip r i m a ,n e l1 9 9 0 ,q u a n d o l ' a g e n z i ad ir a t i n gc im e t t e v aa n c o r ai ns e r i eA .M aM o o d y ' sn o nt a r d aa d a r el as u av e r s i o n e :l as u av a l u t a z i o n en e g a t i v ae r am o t i v a t ad a l l en o n s u f f i c i e n t ig a r a n z i ei t a l i a n ei nf a t t od ip r i v a t i z z a z i o n id e ib e n ip u b b l i c i . P u r t r o p p of i n i r es u l l as u al i s t an e r as i g n i f i c ac h eg l is p e c u l a t o r i i n t e r n a z i o n a l is ip r e c i p i t a n op e rd i s f a r s id e iB u o n id e lT e s o r od e lp a e s e u n w i l l i n g .C o s a c c a d d e .P e rc o n t r a s t a r ei lc r o l l o ,l ' I t a l i as ic o m p o r t s c i a g u r a t a m e n t ed ic o n s e g u e n z a :o f f r t a s s id ii n t e r e s s ep i a l t is u is u o i B o ta lf i n ed ii n g o l o s i r eg l is p e c u l a t o r i .S is a ,u nr i s c h i om a g g i o r el os i a f f r o n t ap i v o l e n t i e r iaf r o n t ed iu n ap r o s p e t t i v ad im a g g i o rg u a d a g n o . C a r l oA z e g l i oC i a m p i ,a l l ' e p o c ac a p od iB a n k i t a l i a ,n o np e r s et e m p o :a do g n i b r u t t ov o t od iM o o d y ' sa u m e n t it a s s id e iB o t ,o t t e n e n d ol os t r e p i t o s o r i s u l t a t oc h ea do g n i1 %d ia u m e n t oc o r r i s p o n d e v au ne s b o r s oa g g i u n t i v od i 1 7 m i l am i l i a r d id iv e c c h i el i r ep e ric o n t r i b u e n t ii t a l i a n i .P e r" s a l v a r el a l i r a " ,C i a m p is p e s ei n v a n o4 0 m i l am i l i a r d ien o n o s t a n t eq u e s t os f o r z ol a s v a l u t a z i o n ed e l l an o s t r am o n e t as ia t t e s t s u l3 0 %d e lv a l o r e .L ' I t a l i a f i n f u o r id a l l oS m e .E ,i no n o r ed e l l ' i t a l i c ac a p a c i t d is a p e rr i c o n o s c e r e it a l e n t i ,C i a m p if uc h i a m a t oas o s t i t u i r eG i u l i a n oA m a t oaP a l a z z oC h i g i . L ag i t as u lB r i t a n n i a B i s o g n a v ap r i v a t i z z a r e ,d ic o r s a ,t u t t o .L oc h i e d e v aM o o d y ' s ,n o ns ip o t e v a s c h e r z a r e .P r i m ad e lc a p i t o m b o l od e l l al i r a ,G i u l i a n oA m a t on o np e r s et e m p o ec o m i n c i d a l l eb a s i :o v v e r oc e r c c o n s u l e n t iep a r t n e rp e rf a rp a r t i r el a " r i v o l u z i o n el i b e r a l e " .Ec o m ec o n s u l e n t ii lg o v e r n oi t a l i a n os c e l s el et r e m a g g i o r ib a n c h ed ' a f f a r id iW a l lS t r e e t :G o l d m a nS a c h s ,M e r r i l lL y n c h , S a l o m o nB r o t h e r s .I lt r i od e l l em e r a v i g l i ed i v e n n ec o n s u l e n t ed e lg o v e r n o i t a l i a n op e rl ep r i v a t i z z a z i o n i :p e c c a t oc h es o t t oq u e s t av e s t em o l t i s p e c u l a t o r ii n t e r n a z i o n a l iv e n n e r oac o n o s c e n z ad ii n f o r m a z i o n ir i s e r v a t e s u l l ei m p r e s ed ap r i v a t i z z a r e .I nm o l t is a p e v a n o ,i nm o l t ie r a n oi n g o l o s i t i d aq u e s t i" b o c c o n i "m ac ' e r au np r o b l e m a :c o m ef a r et o m b o l a ,o v v e r o a c c a p a r r a r s il ea z i e n d es e n z ap a g a r l ep e rq u e l l oc h ee r ai ll o r or e a l e v a l o r e ?U n ab e l l as v a l u t a z i o n ed e l l al i r ar i s p e t t oa ld o l l a r os a r e b b es t a t a l ab e n v e n u t a ,s o p r a t t u t t od ap a r t ed ic h id i s p o n e v ad it a n t id o l l a r ip e r a c q u i s t a r el ea z i e n d e .G u a r d ac a s o ,c o s a c c a d d e :s ic o m i n c i c o nM o o d y ' se s if i n a ll a r g od iC i v i t a v e c c h i a ,d o v e ,i l2g i u g n o1 9 9 2ab o r d od e l p a n f i l oB r i t a n n i a ,p a r t i t od a lp o r t ol a z i a l eei nn a v i g a z i o n el u n g ol ec o s t e d e l l aS i c i l i a ,s is v o l s eu n ar i u n i o n ed e lg r u p p oB i l d e r b e r g .O l t r ea iR e a l i b r i t a n n i c i ,t r ain a v i g a t o r iab o r d od e lB r i t a n n i ac ' e r a n oir a p p r e s e n t a n t i d e l l aB a r c l a y sB a n k ,d e l l aW a r b u r g ,d e l l aM e r r i lL y n c h ,d e l l aS a l o m o n B r o t h e r s ,d e l l aG o l d m a nS a c h s .F r ag l ii t a l i a n i ,e r a n op r e s e n t i :M a r i o
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D r a g h i ,d i r e t t o r ed e l e g a t od e lm i n i s t e r od e lT e s o r o ;R i c c a r d oG a l l i ,d e l l ' I r i ;G i o v a n n iB a z o l i ,d e l l ' A m b r o v e n e t o ;A n t o n i oP e d o n e ,d e lC r e d i o p ; B e n i a m i n oA n d r e a t t a ;d i r i g e n t id e l l ' E n i ,A g i p ,M e d i o b a n c a ,C o m i t ,G e n e r a l ie S o c i e t a u t o s t r a d e .I lg i o r n od o p o ,a lT g 1 ,i lg i o r n a l i s t aM a u r i z i oL o s a a n n u n c i ac h eaM i l a n o o r a ,n e l l ' i n c h i e s t as u l l et a n g e n t i ,c ' a n c h ei ln o m e d iB e t t i n oC r a x i . I ln od iD r a g h i .Eq u e lf a n t a s t i c o' 9 3 U n od e ip o c h iad i r e" n o "a l l ' o p e r a z i o n eB r i t a n n i af ui ld i r e t t o r eg e n e r a l e d e lT e s o r o ,M a r i oD r a g h i ,l os t e s s oc h en e l1 9 9 9s it r o v a do p p o r s ia M a s s i m oD ' A l e m aa lm o m e n t od e l l as c a l a t ad iC o l a n i n n oaT e l e c o m ,q u a n d oi l T e s o r of ue s p r e s s a m e n t ei n v i t a t od a lc a p od e lg o v e r n oad i s e r t a r ei lC d ad i s a l v a t a g g i oa n t i o p aeas p i a n a r ec o s l as t r a d aa l l ' i n c r e d i b i l e s p e c u l a z i o n ec h es ic o n c l u s ec o nl ' a c q u i s i z i o n ed iT e l e c o m .C o s af e c e D r a g h i ,n e l l ' i n d i f f e r e n z ad e l l as t a m p am a n e t t a r aem o r a l i s t a ?S c e s ed a l B r i t a n n i ap e re v i t a r ed ip a r t e c i p a r eaq u e l l ac h es e m b r a v ad i v e n t a r e u n a s v e n d i t ad e l l eg r a n d ia z i e n d ep u b b l i c h ei t a l i a n ea l l em u l t i n a z i o n a l i a m e r i c a n eeb r i t a n n i c h e :i ns e g u i t of ul os t e s s oD r a g h ia da m m e t t e r ei ls u o i m b a r a z z od u r a n t eu ni n t e r v e n t oi na u l aa l l aC a m e r ap e rr i s p o n d e r ea l l e i n t e r r o g a z i o n id it r ep a r l a m e n t a r is u lc a s o .G u a r d ac a s od o p ol a" m e r e n d a " s u lB r i t a n n i ad e l2g i u g n o1 9 9 2 ,s o l t a n t od e ls e t t o r ea g r o a l i m e n t a r e , t r a d i z i o n a l m e n t ei m p o r t a n t ep e rl an o s t r ae c o n o m i a ,f u r o n on u m e r o s el ed i t t e c h ev e n n e r oa c q u i s t a t ed a g l is t r a n i e r i :L o c a t e l l i ,I n v e r n i z z i ,B u i t o n i , G a l b a n i ,N e g r o n i ,F e r r a r e l l e ,P e r o n i ,M o r e t t i ,F i n i ,P e r u g i n a ,M i r aL a n z a .L ' o p e r a z i o n eB r i t a n n i ag a r a n t a l l em u l t i n a z i o n a l ia n g l o a m e r i c a n ed im e t t e r e l em a n is uq u a s ii l5 0 %( p r e c i s a m e n t ei l4 8 % :3 4a g l ia m e r i c a n ie1 4a i b r i t a n n i c i )d e l l ea z i e n d ei t a l i a n ef i n i t ei nm a n os t r a n i e r a .M e n t r es u l f i n i r ed e g l ia n n i' 9 0t o c c h e r a if r a n c e s if a r eg r a n d es h o p p i n gn e is e t t o r i s t r a t e g i c id e l l ag r a n d ed i s t r i b u z i o n e ,d e l l ag e s t i o n ed e l l ea c q u eed e l l ' a l t am o d a .El as t a m p al i b e r a ,d e m o c r a t i c aea n t i f a s c i s t a ,d o v ' e r a ?D o r m i v a . A n z i ,d i c i a m op u r ec h el ag r a n d es t a m p ap r e s t a v ab e l l a m e n t e" i lf i a n c oa l n e m i c o " .G i ,p e r c h l ag r a n c a s s am e d i a t i c ag i o c u nr u o l of o n d a m e n t a l ei n q u e lp e r i o d od ic o l o n i z z a z i o n ec h ef up o im a s c h e r a t ac o nl ' i n c i p i e n t e c o s i d d e t t a" r i v o l u z i o n e "d iM a n iP u l i t e .N e ll u g l i o' 9 2 ,l aG o l d m a nS a c h s a n n u n c i a v ac h el al i r ae r as o p r a v v a l u t a t aen ei n d i c a v ai nm i l l el i r ei l r a p p o r t oc o ni lm a r c ot e d e s c o( a l l o r as u l l e8 0 0l i r e ) .A da g i t a r ei l " r i s c h i oI t a l i a "c o m i n c i g u a r d ac a s oi lF i n a n c i a lT i m e s ,p r o p r i e t d i S a m u e lB r i t t a n ,c o n t i n u l ' E c o n o m i s t ,p r o p r i e t d iE v e l y nD eR o t s c h i l de d i e d em a nf o r t ei lW a s h i n g t o nP o s t( d e l l aS a l o m o nB r o t h e r sed e iL a z a r d ) . Q u ii nI t a l i a ,l ' a l l a r m em e d i a t i c od e lt r i oa n g l o a m e r i c a n of ua m p l i f i c a t oa d i s m i s u r ad a ig i o r n a l id iA g n e l l i ,d iD eB e n e d e t t ied e l l aC o n f i n d u s t r i a . N e l l ' a g o s t od e l1 9 9 3i lm i n i s t r od e g l iI n t e r n i ,N i c o l aM a n c i n o ,as e g u i t o d e l l ' o n d a t ad ia t t a c c h it e r r o r i s t i c ic h ec o l p i r o n oi lp a e s e ,d i c h i a r : N o n e s c l u d ou nr u o l od e l l af i n a n z ai n t e r n a z i o n a l e .Ei l5n o v e m b r ef ui l " v e n e r d n e r o "d e l l al i r aa n c h eas e g u i t od iv o c ip r o v e n i e n t id aL o n d r as u u np o s s i b i l ea v v i s od ig a r a n z i an e ic o n f r o n t id e lp r e s i d e n t eO s c a rL u i g i S c a l f a r o .I lg i o r n od o p o ,l ' a l l o r ap r e s i d e n t ed e lC o n s i g l i o ,C a r l oA z e g l i o C i a m p i ,s c r i s s eu n al e t t e r aa lp r o c u r a t o r ec a p od e l l aR e p u b b l i c ad iR o m a , V i t t o r i oM e l e ,p e r c h a v v i a s s el ep r o c e d u r er e l a t i v ea ld e l i t t op r e v i s t o a l l ' a r t .5 0 1d e lc o d i c ep e n a l e ,c o n s i d e r a t on e l l ' i p o t e s id e l l ea g g r a v a n t ii n e s s oc o n t e n u t e .C i o s ic h i e d e v ad ii n d a g a r es uu np o s s i b i l er e a t od i a g g i o t a g g i od ap a r t ed ic h ia v e v ao p e r a t oc o n t r ol al i r aeit i t o l iq u o t a t i i nB o r s a .N e ld i c e m b r e1 9 9 3l ' I t a l i ae r au np a e s eac o m p l e t as o v r a n i t l i m i t a t a .AR o m aa r r i v a r o n og l ie s p e r t id e lF o n d oM o n e t a r i oI n t e r n a z i o n a l e p e rc o r r e g g e r ei lb i l a n c i os t i l a t od a lg o v e r n oC i a m p i :b e n i n o ,d i s s e r o ,m a b i s o g n af a r ed ip i .P e ri lF o n d on o nb a s t a v ar i d u r r ei ld e f i c i tp u b b l i c o , b i s o g n a v ao t t e n e r eu na v a n z op r i m a r i od e l4 5 %e n t r oi l1 9 9 4 ' 9 5 .C o m e ?M a o v v i a m e n t ea t t r a v e r s o" u l t e r i o r ia z i o n if i s c a l i " .C h ip o t e v af a r l o ,c h i p o t e v aa c c o l l a r s ii lp e s op o l i t i c od iu n as i m i l er e s p o n s a b i l i t i nu n m o m e n t oi nc u il es e d u t ed e l l aC a m e r as it e n e v a n oaP a l a z z od iG i u s t i z i a ? D o p ol ee l e z i o n ia m m i n i s t r a t i v ed e ln o v e m b r e1 9 9 3 ,l aD cs c o m p a r v eaf a v o r e
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d e l l ag r a n d ea f f e r m a z i o n ed e l l ac o a l i z i o n ed is i n i s t r ag u i d a t ad a l l ' a l l o r a P d s . L ab o r s af e s t e g g i al av i t t o r i a d e g l i" e x "c o m p a g n i F i n oap o c h ia n n ip r i m al av i t t o r i ae l e t t o r a l ed iu np a r t i t od is i n i s t r a a v r e b b es i g n i f i c a t oi lc r o l l od e l l eB o r s e ,a l l o r ai n v e c el aB o r s ad iM i l a n o g u a d a g n 2 , 5p u n t is u b i t od o p ol av i t t o r i ad e l l aQ u e r c i a :d ip i ,ip r i m i e n t u s i a s t ia c q u i r e n t is o n oi n v e s t i t o r is t r a n i e r i .C o m em a i ?S t r a n a m e n t et r a i lp r i m oei ls e c o n d ot u r n od e l l ea m m i n i s t r a t i v e ,F i n a n c i a lT i m e seL e M o n d e ,id u eg i o r n a l id e l l ' e s t a b l i s h m e n tc h en o nh a n n om a id i g e r i t ol a d i s c e s ai np o l i t i c ad e l l ' o u t s i d e rB e r l u s c o n i ,s ip r e c i p i t a r o n oaR o m ap e r i n t e r v i s t a r ed e f e r e n t iA c h i l l eO c c h e t t o .I ne n t r a m b el ei n t e r v i s t eO c c h e t t o s id i s s ef e r m a m e n t ei n t e n z i o n a t oap r o s e g u i r es u l l al i n e ap o l i t i c ad iC a r l o A z e g l i oC i a m p i .E tv o i l ,l ar i v o l u z i o n ed ic u il af i n a n z ai n t e r n a z i o n a l e a v e v ab i s o g n og i d e l i n e a t an e l' 9 3 :l as i n i s t r al a s c e r c h ec a p i t a l ie a z i e n d ef u g g a n oa l l ' e s t e r oc o m ec h i e d o n ol el e g g id e ll i b e r om e r c a t o ,n u o v o d o g m ad e ip o s t c o m u n i s t i ,i nc o m p e n s oin u o v il e a d e rd e l l ' I t a l i ad a l l e" m a n i p u l i t e "a v r a n n om a n ol i b e r ap e re s e r c i t a r ei np a t r i at u t t ol ' a n t i f a s c i s m o c h ev o g l i o n o .C h i s s c o m em a in e l1 9 9 4S i l v i oB e r l u s c o n id e c i s ed is c e n d e r e i nc a m p o ?C h i s s c o m em a i ,i l2 5m a g g i o1 9 9 4l al i r ac r o l l a n c o r au n av o l t a el aB o r s ap e r s ei l2 , 6 %i np o c h eo r eas e g u i t od iv o c ip r o v e n i e n t i ,g u a r d a c a s o ,d aL o n d r as uu np r e s u n t oa v v i s od ig a r a n z i ac o n t r oi ln u o v op r e s i d e n t e d e lC o n s i g l i o ,S i l v i oB e r l u s c o n i ?C h i s s c o m em a il ' a v v i s oa r r i v e r p o i p u n t u a l m e n t eq u a l c h es e t t i m a n ad o p o ,r e c a p i t a t oam e z z os t a m p ad a l q u o t i d i a n od e l l aF i a t ?Ec h i s s c o m em a i ,f o r s er i c o r d a n d oq u e s t i p r e c e n d e n t i ,l as e r ad e l l ab o c c i a t u r ad e ll o d oM a c c a n i c o S c h i f a n id ap a r t e d e l l aC o n s u l t a ,B e r l u s c o n ia v r e b b es b o t t a t o ,a d i r a t o ,d a v a n t ia is u o i c o l l a b o r a t o r i : Ip o t e r if o r t ic io d i a n op r o p r i o ! ?I n q u i e t a n t e ,v e r o ? A l m e n oc o m ea l c u n es g r a d e v o l ic o i n c i d e n z ec h ev e d o n op r o t a g o n i s t al ' E c o n o m i s t ,p r i n c i p a l ei n q u i s i t o r em e d i a t i c od e lC a v a l i e r e ,q u a n d oi l s e t t i m a n a l eb r i t a n n i c os io c c u p ad i r e t t a m e n t ed e l l ' I t a l i a .S c a v a n d on e l l ' a r c h i v i or i t r o v i a m ou na r t i c o l op u b b l i c a t oi l1 4m a r z o1 9 9 2 ,p a g i n a2 0 . A r g o m e n t o ?F a r l af i n i t ac o nl aD co r m a iu n an e c e s s i t .U n ap r e v i s i o n e t r o p p of a c i l ev i s t oc h ei nI t a l i ag i t i n t i n n a n ol ep r i m em a n e t t e , T a n g e n t o p o l is t ap e re s p l o d e r eel ' a r t i c o l od iE c o n o m i s te s c ei ne d i c o l a m e n t r ee r aa n c o r ac a l d oi lc a d a v e r ed iS a l v oL i m a ,u o m od iA n d r e o t t ii n S i c i l i a ,c a d u t os o t t oic o l p id ii g n o t i . D a l l ' E c o n o m i s ta l l ' E c o n o m i s t ( ea lF i n a n c i a lT i m e s ) D u es e t t i m a n ef aa p p a r s ou n os t r a n oa r t i c o l os u lF i n a n c i a lT i m e s .U n a r t i c o l od e d i c a t oa ld e l i c a t om o m e n t od e lc a p i t a l i s m oi t a l i a n oec h er e c al a f i r m ad iM a r c oT r o n c h e t t iP r o v e r a .I lF i n a n c i a lT i m e so g g id ip r o p r i e t d e lg r u p p oP e a r s o n ,l os t e s s oe d i t o r ed e l l ' E c o n o m i s t ,e di lg i o r n a l ec h e u n as e t t i m a n ap r i m aa v e v aa v v e r t i t oir a i d e r sd e l l af i n a n z ac h el ' I t a l i ae r a d in u o v ot e r r ad ic o n q u i s t a ,i n d i c a n d o c i" p a e s ear i s c h i o "ep r o p o n e n d od i i n t r o d u r r eu n" p r e m i od ir i s c h i o "s ut u t t iip r o d o t t if i n a n z i a r ii t a l i a n i . D o v ' l as t r a n e z z ad iq u e l l ' i n t e r v e n t o ?S t an e lf a t t oc h em e n t r ei l F i n a n c i a lT i m e sd e c l a s s aal e t t e r ad it r e n t ar i g h eu na r t i c o l od e l p r e s i d e n t ed iC o n f i n d u s t r i a ,A n t o n i oD ' A m a t o ,i nr i s p o s t aa l l ad e n u n c i a f a t t a c id a l l at e s t a t ai n g l e s ed i" p a e s ear i s c h i o " ,n e lc o n t e m p oo f f r eu n a p r e s t i g i o s at r i b u n aa lp r o p r i e t a r i od if a t t od iT e l e c o m ,o v v e r o ,u n ad e l l e p o c h eg r a n d ia z i e n d er i m a s t ea n c o r ad ip r o p r i e t i t a l i a n a( f i n oaq u a n d o ? ) . C e r t oo g g in o nc ' p i u n al i r ac o n t r oc u is p e c u l a r eer e s t a n ob e np o c h e a z i e n d ed ap r i v a t i z z a r e .M ac is o n oa n c o r al eb a n c h ec h eg a r a n t i s c o n ol ' e s i s t e n z ad iu n" s i s t e m aI t a l i a "n a z i o n a l e .C o s as u c c e d e r e b b es e ,as e g u i t o d e l l en o t ev i c e n d eC i r i oeP a r m a l a t ,l as f i d u c i ad e ic i t t a d i n iv e r s og l i i s t i t u t if i n a n z i a r iei lr i s p a r m i o ,p o r t a s s ea lt r a c o l l od e ls i s t e m a c r e d i t i z i oi t a l i a n o ?Q u e s t oi n f a t t il ' u n i c og a n g l ov i t a l er i m a s t oa l l a s o v r a n i t n a z i o n a l ei nt e m p id im o n e t au n i c ae dE u r o p aa2 5 :i ls i s t e m a b a n c a r i o ,l ag r a n d es f i d at r ar i s p a r m i oef i n a n z a .L as f i d at r au n ar i p r e s a
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d if i d u c i al e g a t aa l l ' e c o n o m i ar e a l eeq u i n d iau ns i s t e m ac r e d i t i z i o f u n z i o n a l ea l l ' i m p r e n d i t o r i a ,ei lp e r p e t u a r s id iu ns i s t e m ad ie c o n o m i a f i n a n z i a r i z z a t ad o v el ei m p r e s es o n oc o n c e n t r a t ep i c h es u ip r o f i t t id a p r o d u z i o n e ,s u it a v o l id ag i o c od e lg r a n d ec a s i n f i n a n z i a r i om o n d i a l e .C h i m e t t el em a n is u l l eb a n c h em e t t el em a n is u l" s i s t e m aI t a l i a " .G u a r d ac a s o d ag i o r n ic i r c o l al av o c ed iu np r e s s a n t ei n t e r e s s ed e lg r u p p oo l a n d e s e A b n A m r os uC a p i t a l i a( c h es m e n t i s c em as ia p p r e z z aaP i a z z aA f f a r i ) .D i e c i a n n id o p ol a" g r a n d er i v o l u z i o n e " ,i lg r a n d eG a t s b ys t ap e rr i f i l a r c il ' u l t i m as t a n g a t a ?
( c )2 0 0 4-E d i t o r i a l eT e m p id u r is . r . l .
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miliardi per il latte, 215 per vino e pelati, 253 per l'olio. In tutto quasi 450 miliardi in pi di quanto incassato complessivamente dallo Stato. Gli olandesi conoscevano bene Prodi per averlo avuto come "Advisor Director" nei tre anni precedenti. Il Professore poteva essere a conoscenza che la Fisvi avrebbe venduto una fetta cospicua della Cdb ai suoi vecchi datori di lavoro. In pi, la stessa Fisvi era assistita da una banca d'affari, la Goldman Sachs, per cui Prodi aveva svolto altre consulenze. Il caso fin al Tribunale di Roma: conflitto d'interessi, violazione delle direttive Cipe sul miglior prezzo, modifica delle condizioni a favore esclusivo dell'acquirente, violazione dell'obbligo della continuit produttiva. Il pm Giuseppa Geremia chiese il rinvio a giudizio per Prodi, Lamiranda e il Cda Iri, ma il gip Eduardo Landi archivi il caso. La Geremia fu trasferita a Cagliari prima di poter presentare appello e il suo successore valut che la sentenza di assoluzione era ineccepibile. Federico Gerardi
gerardi@ragionpolitica.it
R agionpolitica, pe riodico on line n.27 de l 17/10/2003 R e g. Tribunale di Ge nova de l 11/03/2003 n. 06/2003 Editore : Gnosis S.r.l. P.I./C .F. 01821410998 Dire ttore re sponsabile : Ale ssandro Gianm oe na, R e dazione : Aurora France sche lli, Giante o Borde ro 2003-2010 R agionpolitica R iproduzione rise rvata R iproduzione rise rvata
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In May 1993 Mr Prodi became chairman of IRI once again, with a mandate to privatise chunks of it. He inherited a plan to sell SME in three divisions. In October 1993, Mr Prodi sold SME's food-production arm, Cirio-Bertolli-De Rica (CBD), to Fis.Vi, an agricultural consortium. A clause in Fis.Vi's purchase contract with IRI allowed Fis.Vi to sell Bertolli, the edible oils business, to Unilever, which Fis.Vi soon did. Goldman Sachs advised Unilever, for whom Mr Prodi had served as an international advisory director from 1990 to May 1993. In October 1993 Mr Prodi also sold Italgel, SME's ice-cream division, to Nestl. Mr Prodi left IRI in April 1994, entered politics in 1995 and served as Italy's prime minister in 1996-98. The privatisation of SME finished in 1996, and raised a total of 2.05 trillion lire. The last bits to be sold were GS Supermercati and Autogrill. Before long, there were allegations that if the companies comprising CBD had been sold separately, IRI would have received a better price. As a result, magistrates investigated the sale and Mr Prodi's role in it. In December 1997 a judge at a preliminary hearing concluded that no charges should be brought as "the facts alleged are non-existent". He also stated that IRI had not suffered a loss and neither had Fis.Vi made a profit, and that if CBD had been sold piecemeal, IRI would have got less. There were similar allegations over the sale of Italgel. Another investigation started in Rome in 1997 and closed without charges in March 1999 because the allegations were groundless. By the end of May 1999, Mr Prodi was president-designate of the European Commission, but not yet formally appointed, a lengthy process. On June 12th 1999 the Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper, published an article about Mr Prodi's business activities, and two further articles followed. The first article claimed that he was paid 1.4m in consulting fees in 1991-95 that he had failed to reveal while in public office, in possible violation of Italian law. It also said that both Goldman Sachs and Unilever were clients of a consultancy (ASE), belonging to Mr Prodi and his wife. (Unilever was not a client of ASE. From March 1990 to May 1993, when not in public office, Mr Prodi had acted as a consultant to Goldman Sachs. In total ASE received 3.1 billion lire from Goldman Sachs in 1991-95, including a total of 1.45 billion lire of bonuses paid in 1993 and 1994, but relating to periods prior to May 1993.)
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Related items Italy: Dear Mr Berlusconi... Jul 31st 2003 1. The SME affair Jul 31st 2003 2. Your spontaneous declarations (May 5th 2003) Jul 31st 2003 4. Your gold medal claim* Jul 31st 2003 5. Your other trials Jul 31st 2003 6. Your early business career Jul 31st 2003 An open letter to Silvio Berlusconi
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According to Italian magistrates, the article insinuated that Mr Prodi had not declared the 1.4 million to the taxman. It suggested (correctly) that ASE's fee income from Goldman Sachs rose sharply in 1993, but claimed: the surging payments in 1993 raise eyebrows, because Mr Prodi [sold CBD that year and] Mr Prodi's former paymasters at Goldmans Sachs [advised the buyers]The [CBD] group was sold for half its real value to a front companythen immediately resold in part to another of Mr Prodi's former paymasters, Unilever (Mr Prodi's other ASE client). Il
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Giornale, owned by your brother, Paolo, picked up some of the Daily Telegraph's allegations. Because of the Daily Telegraph's article, magistrates in Bologna, ASE's base, asked the Guardia di Finanza to investigate whether Mr Prodi and ASE had completed their tax returns correctly. The Guardia di Finanza concluded that the tax returns were accurate so the magistrates came to the same conclusion. Magistrates in Rome investigated whether the fees from Goldman Sachs could be connected to the sale of CBD. They concluded that all the fees to ASE from Goldman Sachs were solely connected to Mr Prodi's consultancy work and that he had severed links with Goldman Sachs by May 1993. In their written report, dated March 11th 2002, to the preliminary judge, the Rome magistrates stated the same allegations as those made in the Daily Telegraph were repeated in Corruzione ad alta velocita, a book by Ferdinando Imposimato, a former Italian judge. (A comment from Mr Imposimato is appended to this article; see below.) Mr Imposimato told the magistrates that his source was Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, the Daily Telegraph journalist who had written the articles about Mr Prodi. (A response from Mr Evans-Pritchard is appended to this article; see below.) Mr Imposimato said that Mr EvansPritchard had shown him two notes, one dated August 24th 1993 and the other November 26th 1993, which he had quoted in his book. According to Mr Imposimato, the notes would have shown collusion between Mr Prodi, Unilever and Fis.Vi. But he had no copies of the notes. The magistrates said that Mr Evans-Pritchard had not answered their questions and had not sent a memorandum on the two notes, as he said he would. Mr Evans-Pritchard says he did not answer magistrates' questions because he believed that they were engaged in a time-wasting exercise and that they had no desire to get to the bottom of the matter. Mr Imposimato claimed to the magistrates that Mr Fimiani had given Mr Evans-Pritchard the two notes. So the magistrates concluded that it was likely that Mr Fimiani was one of Mr Evans Pritchard's two sources. They also concluded in effect that the mythical documents apparently given by Mr Fimiani to Mr Evans-Pritchard were most likely artfully fabricated. Mr Evans-Pritchard says that those documents in his possession that allege collusion between Mr Prodi, Unilever and Fis.Vi. did not come from Mr Fimiani and are certainly genuine. You referred to evidence from Mr Fimiani in your spontaneous declarations, and asked your lawyers to submit written evidence to the court from him. Our questions Is Mr Fimiani, to whose oral and documentary evidence you referred in your spontaneous declarations, a reliable source? Are you aware that Mr Fimiani was convicted for serious bankruptcy in Salerno on November 12th 1993? Are you aware that the criminal court in Salerno in November 1993 ruled that Mr Fimiani bore a very heavy responsibility for the bankruptcy of Co.Fi.Ma? Are you aware that on June 13th 1995 Mr Fimiani made a complaint against unknown persons for abuse of office? (He claimed that Co.Fi.Ma's bankruptcy was due to a need to eliminate the firm when he had got in the way of IRI's sale of SME to Buitoni in 1985.) Are you aware that magistrates investigated Mr Fimiani's complaint and that, in March
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1997, a preliminary judge closed the investigation because Mr Fimiani's j'accuse was groundless? Did Mr Fimiani make his bid for SME in 1985 on your behalf?
*We have compiled this section from documents (in Italian) which have been available on the website of the president of the European Commission since May 2003. RESPONSE FROM AMBROSE EVANS-PRITCHARD The documents came from sources within the Italian judiciary. They were seized under subpoena from the Milan offices of Unilever by the carabinieri. The copies are still in my possession, along with the damning internal report written by the chief investigator in the inquiry. I never told Senator Imposimato where the documents came from. I was deliberately vague in order to protect my sources, even though he is a good friend. It is worth noting that Mr Imposimato is on the political Left, indeed he is a former Communist, and clashed with Berlusconi when he was an anti-mafia judge.
The files are highly damaging to Prodi. He has always denied knowledge that Unilever would end up with the crown jewels when he privatised Cirio-Bertolli-De Rica. His position was delicate. He had been a member of Unilever's advisory board from 1990 to 1993, receiving 60,000 Dutch guilders a year, resigning his post the day before he took charge of IRI. Cirio-Bertolli-De Rica was sold to Fi.Svi, at price estimated by one expert study at half its real value. Fi.Svi immediately split up the holding and resold Bertolli oil to Unilever. Italian investigators concluded that Fi.Svi was a front company, invented for the transaction. Its owner, Carlo Saverio Lamiranda was later convicted of fraud.
The documents show that Unilever was pulling the strings behind the privatisation, and strongly suggest that Prodi was in the loop. A memo from Goldman Sachs (London) to Unilever (Milan), dated Aug 24, 1993, marked "strictly confidential" discusses the deal in depth and states under the rubric Next Steps: "Fi.Svi is going to call Prodi in order to have full support in this discussion with Unilever."
Although there is no suggestion that Unilever acted improperly at any stage, documents show that the firm was careful to disguise its role in the operation. A file note dated 25-1193, says: "Strictly Private -- the IRI/Fi.Svi/Unilever triangle is in a delicate state of 'unofficial' contacts."
Separate documents from IRI state that the role of Unilever in the transaction was to be kept "invisible".
In effect, Prodi had switched from the Unilever buying side of the deal to the IRI selling side, literally overnight. It is utterly implausible that he had, as he claims, no knowledge of Unilevers role. A Rome magistrate, Giuseppa Geremia, concluded in November 1996 that there was enough evidence to press charges against Prodi for abuse of office and conflict of interest.
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But by then Prodi was prime minister. Her attempt to prosecute him caused a firestorm. Dr Geremia and her mother both received death threats. She was eventually transferred to Sardinia, her career in ruins. The case was shut down by a Rome judge on the grounds that the price paid for Cirio-Bertolli-De Rica was within reasonable bounds, although this point was not the main thrust of the Geremia case. His 700-page report has never been made public.
The case overlaps with Mr Prodi's firm ASE, which received 1.4 million pounds in fees in the early 1990s. including 455,000 pounds in the crucial period of early 1993. Part of the money came from Goldman Sachs, which played an advisory role for the buyers in the CirioBertolli-De Rica deal.
Furthermore, Prodi's lawyer, Piero Gnudi, who holds the ASE documentation in his offices, told me that the ASE fees came from Unilever and Goldman Sachs. Prodi and Unilever later corrected this. The Unilever fees were in fact paid into Prodi's ordinary bank account. To this day, Prodi has refused to provide any documents explaining exactly where the 1.4 million pounds in fees came from, or what work was performed to justify the payments. His official website simply states that the money came from Goldman Sachs and General Electric, without further details. But this does not answer the important questions.
Prodi did not declare the existence of ASE when he became head of IRI and then prime minister, arguably in violation of Italian law. The Telegraph never suggested that he had avoided paying taxes. Indeed, we said the opposite. Since ASE did not pay a dividend in the years in question, (retaining the earnings), Prodi was not required to pay income taxes on the fees. This is a point that Prodi himself has always stressed, while avoiding the question of why he omitted the existence of the firm on his register of interests which otherwise includes copious details. Since the fees did not show up on his tax returns, ASE remained in the shadows until it was discovered later by a Bologna journalist, Antonio Selvaticci.
I did not cooperate with the inquiry outlined in your piece because I did not, and do not, trust the Procura di Roma. I suspected that the prosecutor was simply trying to find out who my sources were. I told him that everything I was prepared to reveal had already been published in detail in the Telegraph, so there was nothing to add.
The prosecutor knows perfectly well that the documents are genuine. He has them in his own building. They are part of a 12,500-page archive assembled for the magistratura by Renato Castaldo, the chief investigator. I note with amusement that the inquiry has cleared Prodi of tax evasion in the ASE case. The Telegraph's allegations had nothing to do with taxes. The question we raised was whether Prodi was prone to abuse his power as a public official, and whether he had a record of conflict of interest. This struck us as a relevant question to ask in the summer of 1999 when Jacques Santer's Commission had just resigned en masse over fraud, nepotism, and serial conflicts of interest.
Without going into the long list of cases where Prodi has engaged in conduct that would raise eyebrows in the United States or Britain the high-speed TAV railway case, Telekom Serbia, Nomisma, and endless IRI cases or dwelling on the number of people around him who have been convicted of fraud, including the company secretary of ASE itself, Fabrizio
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Zoli, I would only say that The Economist should hesistate before assuming that every word said against Romano Prodi is necessarily a Berlusconi smear.
COMMENT FROM FERDINANDO IMPOSIMATO Roma 21 settembre 2003 Mister Bill Emmot direttore del The Economist
Gentile signor Emmott, Sono un ex parlamentare eletto come indipendente nelle liste del PCI ed un ex magistrato che si occupato di mafia e terrorismo. Leggo The economist e condivido i contenuti del dossier e le domande che Lei pone a Silvio Berlusconi, che considero una sventura per l'Italia e per l'Europa. Tuttavia devo rilevare una inesattezza nell'articolo our challenge. Lei afferma che in Corruzione ad alta velocit, avrei riportato un articolo del Telegraph , a firma A E Prichard, fondato sulle accuse di Giovanni Fimiani, fallito e accusato di falso in bilancio. In tal modo avrei diffamato il signor Prodi e favorito il signor Berlusconi. Le cose stanno in maniera diversa . E' vero che a mio avviso Berlusconi nella privatizzazione della SME ha svolto un ruolo negativo che dovr essere giudicato dalla Magistratura. Di recente ho criticato il governo Berlusconi con diversi articoli su l'Unit, giornale con cui mi onoro di collaborare, per le sue leggi incostituzionali: sul legittimo sospetto, sul conflitto di interessi, sulla immunit allo stesso Berlusconi. Le mie critiche sono state particolarmente forti a causa dell'attacco dissennato di Berlusconi alla magistratura italiana e del tentativo di intaccare l'indipendenza della magistratura. Ci premesso, devo farle rilevare.1) Il libro Corruzione nato non contro il signor Prodi ma per informare l'opinione pubblica di un'inchiesta da me condotta doverosamente, quale relatore della Commissione Parlamentare Antimafia, sulla infiltrazione della mafia e della camorra nelle grandi opere pubbliche (autostrade, Alta Velocit) finanziate dall'IRI, al cui vertice fu per molti anni il sig Romano Prodi. Durante il dibattito in Commissione , l'ingegnere Ercole Incalza , amministratore delegato della TAV (treno alta velocit), fece il nome del sig Prodi come la persona che , come Presidente dell'IRI, aveva dato il suo avallo alla presenza di imprese , definite come criminali dalla Polizia di Stato, nella costruzione dell'Alta Velocit. 2) Nel libro ho denunciato il sistema delle tangenti in Italia dopo Mani Pulite e i rapporti tra mafia , corruzione e Alta Velocit utilizzando come investigatori specialisti della Criminalpol di Roma, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza e magistrati consulenti della Commissione. 3) E' vero che ho citato l'articolo di Ambrose E Prichard, ma per un aspetto marginale della storia. Comunque certo che la mia critica al signor Romano Prodi si basava su documenti inoppugnabili sequestrati legittimamente dai giudici italiani alla Unilever e non sulle accuse di Giovanni Fimiani, da me mai citato come fonte in Corruzione. 4) I documenti dicono, senza dubbio, che la vendita della Cirio Bertolli De Rica da IRI a Fisvi e, per quanto riguarda Bertolli, da Fisvi ad Unilever, fu pilotata da Prodi quando era ancora consulente Unilever. Fisvi fece solo da copertura alla vendita tra IRI e Unilever, per mascherare il conflitto di interessi di Prodi. La tesi di Corruzione non stata mai smentita dal sig Prodi perch non poteva esserlo. In una nota del 25 agosto 1993 di Goldmann
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Sachs, ( di cui il sig Prodi era consulente ), sequestrata presso la Unilever , si parla di un incontro tra i rappresentanti Unilever, Fisvi e GS ( societ del gruppo IRI) avvenuto il 24 agosto 1993. In esso si dice testualmente: next steps: Fisvi is going to call Prodi in order to have full support for this discussion with Unilever. In altra nota del 25 novembre 1993 si dice The IRI/FI.SVI/ Unilever triangle is in a delicate state of unifficial contacts. 5)Quanto alla assoluzione dall'accusa di abuso di ufficio, Prodi la ottenne , nonostante la richiesta contraria del PM G Geremia, ( minacciata di morte durante l'inchiesta ), anche perch durante le indagini fu approvata una legge sull'abuso in atti di ufficio Presidente del Consiglio Prodi- in senso favorevole all'imputato come ho scritto nel libro. Si tratt di un conflitto di interessi. Prassi ripetuta da Berlusconi in maniera pi rozza e clamorosa negli anni successivi. 6)Un'ultima nota: Prodi approv la vendita CBD alla Fisvi, una societ gi allora in dissesto. In un appunto del 25 novembre 1993 sequestrato presso la Unilever, il cui oggetto strictly private- the IRI/Fisvi/Unilever triangle is in a delicate state of unofficial contacts, con riferimento alla vendita Bertolli si dice our strategy vis a vis IRI is to raise the prospect that They should themselves go ahead with the sale of oil to Unil-it even if the Fisvi offer falls for lack of funds. 7) L' amministratore della Fisvi, Carlo Saverio Lamiranda , fu arrestato per bancarotta fraudolenta della Fisvi e di altre societ , falso in bilancio e peculato per essersi appropriato, in concorso con altri, di 43.830.000.000 di lire di contributi statali e comunitari cio in danno della Comunit Europea, per fatti commessi tra il 1993 ed il 1995. Ci risulta dalla sentenza della Corte di Cassazione n5514 del 16 novembre 1999 contro Carlo Saverio Lamiranda ed altri che respinge i ricorsi di Lamiranda e soci contro gli arresti. La Cassazione afferm la legittimit e la consistenza delle seguenti fonti di prova contro Lamiranda: relazione tecnica del P.M., relazione dei curatori fallimentari, relazione della Banca d'Italia, rapporti della Guardia della Finanza, rapporti dei Carabinieri, informazioni testimoniali, nota del Ministero dell'Agricoltura e nota della Regione Basilicata. La FISVI aveva ottenuto cospicui fondi pubblici, quale soggetto attuatore del Programma destinato al miglioramento dell'agricoltura al Sud. Degli oltre 40 miliardi ricevuti per la FISVI si ignora la destinazione. Il distratto signor Prodi, come presidente IRI, maggiore ente di diritto pubblico, avrebbe potuto rivolgersi agli stessi enti per avere notizie su Fisvi e Lamiranda. Signor Emmott, il signor Silvio Belusconi certamente non idoneo a guidare l'Italia e l'Europa, ma il signor Romano Prodi non mi sembra l'alternativa ideale. Best regards Yours Ferdinando Imposimato
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