e@ Time 6 8 10. Reg. No.:{ | (El H 2170 B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2009. Seventh Semester Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 433 — OPTICAL COMMUNICATION ‘Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions PART A — (10 x 2 = 20 marks) What is the structure of an optical fibre? Calculate the number of modes in the graded index fibre at an operating wavelength of 850 nm. How does light propagate along a fibre? plain the term mode field diameter? How does an optical switch differ from an electrical switch? What are the various modulation schemes used in fibre optic systems? Compute the Numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optic fibre having refractive index 1.54 (core) and 1.54 (cladding). Surrounding medium is air Define bit error ratio. What is the need for solitons? Differentiate between micro bending and macro bending losses.. 12, 13, 14, (a) (b) (@) (b) (a) (b) (a) @ (i) @ Gi) a Gi) PART B — (5 x 16 = 80 marks) Derive the wave equation in a step index fibre. For a fibre with core refractive index 1.45 and that of cladding 1.40, and free space operating wavelength is 0.6328 cm. Calculate the maximum core diameter for dominant mode operation, Or Explain the major differences between optical fibres and cylindrical wave guides. Compute the frequency range for dominant mode operation with the following data. The dielectric permittivity of the fibre core placed in air = 2.56, diameter = 1 em and cut off number V = 2.4048 Derive the numerical aperture for a graded index fibre. Compute the number of modes in a 50/125 graded index fibre having a parabolic index of 2.0, refractive index 1.485 and 1.46, and operating wavelength 820 nm and 1300 nm. Also calculate the number of modes in an equivalent step index fibre at both wavelengths. Or Explain the differences between modal dispersion, chromatic dispersion and wave guide dispersion. @ Gi) Derive the spectral emission of LED. Photodetected current in flowing through a resistor r. The current is proportional to the optical power. Prove that a change in optical power (in dB) is equal to half the change in electrical power. Or Explain the structure and working of semiconductor laser diode and also highlight the current power characteristics of a LASER. @ w Derive the expression for recngmaihilitio, unin putodueuccur - Calculate the responsivity of an APD operating at 1.55 em and having a quantum efficiency of 0.7 and gain 10. Also calculate the requirement of optical power for generating 20 nA current by the detector. Or 2 2170(b) (a) (b) () Calculate the SNR for a photodiode under different noise conditions. How does the calculation get modified when considering the internal gain of the diode? (ii) The dark current of a photo detector is SnAr and its responsivity is 0.5 A/W. Calculate the value of the optical power for which signal generated shot noise and the dark current generated shot noise are equal. What do you mean by the term splicing of fibre? Explain the steps involved in splicing procedure and compare different splicing techniques. Or Explain the procedure to determine the link power budget in a fibre optic communication system. Explain the graphical analysis to determine power budget and rise line budget. 3 H2170