Reg.No.: [| [ { B.E/B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, APRIL/MAY 2008, Seventh Semester Electronics and Communication Engineering EC 433 — OPTICAL COMMUNICATION ‘Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks Answer ALL questions. PART A — (10 x2 = 20 marks) 1, How light gathering capacity of a fibre is expressed in terms of Numerical Aperture? 2. What is the relative spectral width of a LED emitting at a mean wavelength of A=0.90m and its spectral half width AA=18 nm? 3. What is the difference between phase velocity and group velocity? 4, What are modes? Distinguish between symmetric and antisymmetric modes of a planar SI wave guide. @ 5. What type of fibres are suitable for WDM of signals? / 6. What are the causes of attenuation in optical fibres? 7. Explain splice loss. 8. Differentiate between link power budget and rise time budget. 9. List the advantages of a soliton. 10. Define probability of error. PART B— (6 x 16 = 80 marks) 11. (a) What are the functions of the core and cladding in an optical fibre? Why should their refractive indices the different? Explain with suitable sketches. or1) 13, 14. 15. (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) ) Explain and state the boundary conditions and the assumptions made while arriving at the solutions of the wave equation for an ideal step index fibre. How are these conditions and assumptions satisfied in a real optical fibre? Describe the fibre structures utilised to provide dispersion shifting and dispersion flattering in a single mode fibre. Or Define modal birefringence and beat length of a single mode fibre. Explain the effect of modal birefringence on pulse propagation in single mode fibres. Derive the threshold condition for LASER action. On what factors does the gain coefficient of a semiconductor laser depend? Or How are the materials selected for LED? Derive the internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency of a LED and explain their significance Distinguish between PN diod, PIN diode and APD, with respect to structure and recombination of charges. Is it possible to make these three types of photo diodes using the same semiconductor? Justify. Or Derive the expression of BER for the receiver in an optical system, How link power budget and rise time budget is analysed for a fibre optic system? Explain with an example. Or (@® Why are non-linear effects observed in optical fibres? Why do they become pronounced at high power levels? Gi) What are the unique properties of a soliton? Explain. 2 M2133