FASORES

Phasor definition
A rotating vector that represents a sinusoidally varying quantity. Its length represents
the amplitude of the quantity and it is imagined to rotate with angular velocity matched to the
angular frequency of the quantity so that the instantaneous value of the quantity is represented by
its projection upon a fixed axis. The concept is convenient for representing the phase angle between
two quantities; it is shown on the diagram as the angle between the two phasors.
http://www.physics.about.com/library/dict/bldefphasor.htm
http://www.kwantlen.bc.ca/~mikec/P2421_Notes/Phasors/Phasors.html

Identidad de Euler

exp(j) = cos() + j sen()

cos() = Re[exp(j)]

sen() = Im[exp(j)]

v(t) = Vm cos(t + ) = Re[Vm exp(j(t+)]

v(t) = Re[Vm exp(j) exp(jt) ]
v(t) = Re[V exp(jt) ]

; V = Vm exp(j) = Vm ang()

Dominio del tiempo

; V = Fasor Voltaje

Fasor correspondiente

v ( t ) = V m c o s ( t+ ) V m
v ( t ) = V m s i n (
t+ ) V m (
9 0 )

Ventajas de utilizar fasores para la solucin de circuitos operando en estado

estable senoidal
La relacin voltaje - corriente en elementos inductivos y capacitivos est dada
por una ecuacin diferencial
En el dominio complejo, la diferenciacin con respecto al tiempo
es remplazada por la multiplicacin por el factor jw .
dv/dt => jV.
La integracin con respecto al tiempo es remplazada por la divisin
por el factor jw .
Integral (v dt) => V/j
Debido a esto, las ecuaciones diferenciales se conviertenen ecuaciones algebracas,
simplificando considerablemente el proceso de solucin
http://emlab2.nmsu.edu/classes/ee315/phasors/node1.html

Relacin voltaje-corriente en elementos pasivos

Element

Time domain

frequency domain

v( t ) = R i ( t )

v (t ) = L

L
C

v (t ) =

Z1

Impedance

Z=R

Y=

1
R

Z = j L

Y=

1
j L

V = RI

di ( t )
dt

V = j L I

1
i (t ) dt
C

V=

1
I
j C

Admitance

Z=

1
j C

Y = j C

Z2
Zeq

Zeq

ZN

Z eq = Z1 + Z 2 +L Z N

Z1

1
Z eq = 1
1
1
.
+
+L
Z1 Z2
ZN

Z2

ZN

Yeq = Y1 + Y2 +LYN

Ejemplo de operaciones con fasores

Problema 9.16
Utilizando fasores, calcular

a) 3 cos(20t + 10) 5 cos(20t-30)

b) 40 sen(50t) + 30 cos(50t-45)
c) 20 sen 400t + 10 cos(400t+60) 5 sen(400t-20)
(a)

3 10 5 -30 = 2.954 + j0.5209 4.33 + j2.5

= -1.376 + j3.021
= 3.32
114.49
Therefore,
3 cos(20t + 10 ) 5 cos(20t 30 ) = 3.32 cos(20t + 114.49)

(b)

4 -90 + 3-45 = -j40 + 21.21 j21.21

= 21.21 j61.21
= 64.78 -70.89
Therefore,
40 sin(50t) + 30 cos(50t 45 ) = 64.78 cos(50t 70.89)

(c)

Using sin = cos( 90 ),

20
-90 + 10
60 5
-110 = -j20 + 5 + j8.66 + 1.7101 + j4.699
= 6.7101 j6.641
= 9.44-44.7
Therefore,
20 sin(400t) + 10 cos(400t + 60 ) 5 sin(400t 20 )
= 9.44 cos(400t 44.7)

Ejemplo clculo de Impedancia equivalente

Problem 9.51
(a)

20 mH

12.5 F

jL = j (103 )( 20 10 -3 ) = j20
1
1
=
= - j80
3
j C j (10 )(12.5 10 - 6 )

Z in = 60 + j20 || ( 60 j80)
( j20)( 60 j80)
Z in = 60 +
60 j60
Zin = 63.33 + j23.33 = 67.494 20.22
Yin =

(b)

1
=

Zin 0.0148 -20.22 S

10 mH

20 F

30 || 60 = 20

j L = j (10 3 )(10 10 -3 ) = j10

1
1
=
= - j50
3
j C j (10 )( 20 10 - 6 )

Z in = - j50 + 20 || ( 40 + j10)
(20)( 40 + j10)
Z in = - j50 +
60 + j10
Z in = 13.5 j48.92 = 50.75 - 74.56
Yin =

1
=
Zin 0.0197 74.56 S = 5.24 + j18.99 mS

Ejemplo clculo de Impedancia equivalente

Problem 9.48

j L = j (10 10 3 )( 2 10 -3 ) = j20
1
1
1 F

=
= - j100
j C j (10 10 3 )(1 10-6 )
2 mH

50
+
1 0 A

j20

Vin

-j100

V = (10)( 50) = 50
Vin = (10)(50 + j20 j100 ) + ( 2)(50)
Vin = 50 j80 + 100 = 150 j80
Z in =

Vin
= 150 j80
10

2V

Ejemplo divisin de voltajes

= 200
1
1
50 F

=
= - j100
jC j (200)(50 10 -6 )

Problem 9.35

jL = j (200 )( 0.1) = j20

(50)(-j100 ) - j100
50 || -j100 =
=
= 40 j20
50 j100
1 - j2
0.1 H

j20
j20
Vo =
( 60 0) =
( 60 0) = 17 .14 90
j20 + 30 + 40 j20
70
Thus, v o ( t ) = 17.14 sin(200t + 90 ) V
v o ( t ) = 17.14 cos(200t) V
or

Ejemplo divisin de corrientes

Problem 9.41

0.1 F

1
1
=
= - j5
jC j ( 2)( 0. 1)

0.5 H

jL = j ( 2)(0.5) = j

The current I through the 2-

resistor is

I=

I
1
Is = s ,
1 j5 + j + 2
3 j4

I s = (10)( 3 j4) = 50 - 53.13

Therefore,

i s (t ) = 50 cos(2t 53.13) A

where I = 100