PROBLEMA EJEMPLO CON GRAFICA:

−4 1 2
MATRIZ = [ 3 −2 1]
1 0 −3
Primero hallamos los eigenvalores:
−4 1 2 𝜆 0 0
|[ 3 −2 1 ] − [0 𝜆 0]| = 0
1 0 −3 0 0 𝜆
−4 − 𝜆 1 2
| 3 −2 − 𝜆 1 |=0
1 0 −3 − 𝜆
−𝜆3 − 8𝜆2 − 15𝜆 − 5 = 0

 𝜆1 = −5.39
 𝜆2 = −0.42
 𝜆3 = −2.19
Ahora hallamos eigenvectores:

*Para 𝜆1 = −5.39 :
−4 − 𝜆 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 −2 − 𝜆 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = 0
1 0 −3 − 𝜆 𝑥3
1.39 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 3.39 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = 0
1 0 3.39 𝑥3
*Resolviendo para un 𝑥1 = 1 tenemos el siguiente eigenvector
1
𝜆1 = 5.39 → 𝑋1 = [−0.80]
−0.30

*Para 𝜆2 = −0.42 :
−4 − 𝜆 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 −2 − 𝜆 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = 0
1 0 −3 − 𝜆 𝑥3
−3.58 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 −1.58 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = 0
1 0 −1.58 𝑥3
*Resolviendo para un 𝑥1 = 1 tenemos el siguiente eigenvector
1
𝜆2 = −0.42 → 𝑋2 = [ 2.3 ]
0.64
*Para 𝜆3 = −2.19 :
−3 − 𝜆 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 −2 − 𝜆 1 ] [ 𝑥2 ] = 0
1 0 −3 − 𝜆 𝑥3
 −1.81 1 2 𝑥1
[ 3 0.19 1 ] [𝑥2 ] = 0
1 4 0.19 𝑥3
*Resolviendo para un 𝑥1 = 1 tenemos el siguiente eigenvector
1
𝜆3 = −2.19 → 𝑋2 = [ 12.6 ]
−5.39
𝐶𝐴 1 1 1 1
(𝐶𝐵 ) = 𝑘𝑒 𝜆𝑡 𝑋 => (0) = 𝐾1 𝑒 −5.39𝑡 (−0.80) + 𝐾2 𝑒 −0.42𝑡 ( 2.3 ) + 𝐾3 𝑒 −2.19𝑡 ( 12.6 )
𝐶𝐶 0 −0.30 0.64 −5.39

1 = 𝐾1 + 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 𝐾1 = 0.72
0 = −0.80𝐾1 + 2.3𝐾2 + 12.6𝐾3 𝐾2 = 0.29
0 = −0.30𝐾1 + 0.64𝐾2 ± 5.39𝐾3 𝐾3 = −6.27𝑥10−3
1 1 1
𝑌 = 0.72𝑒 −5.39𝑡 (−0.80) + 0.29𝑒 −0.42𝑡 ( 2.3 ) − 6.27𝑥10−3 𝑒 −2.19𝑡 ( 12.6 )
−0.30 0.64 −5.39
𝐶𝐴 = 0.72𝑒 −5.39𝑡 + 0.29𝑒 −0.42𝑡 − 6.27𝑥10−3 𝑒 −2.19𝑡
𝐶𝐵 = −0.576𝑒 −5.39𝑡 + 0.667𝑒 −0.42𝑡 − 0.079𝑒 −2.19𝑡
𝐶𝐶 = −0.216𝑒 −5.39𝑡 + 0.1856𝑒 −0.42𝑡 + 0.0338𝑒 −2.19𝑡

1.2

0.8

0.6
Ci

0.4

0.2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Tiempo
CA CB CC