pe keene 6246 B.02 Edexcel GCE Chemistry Advanced Level Unit Test 6B Synoptic Tuesday 25 June 2002 — Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes ‘Materials required for examination Items included with question papers Answer Booklet (ABI2) Nil Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, surname and initials: the paper reference and your signature, The paper reference is shown above, Answer Question I und ‘WO questions from Section B in the answer booklet provided. @ s eps in any calculations, Calculators may be used Information for Candidates ‘The total mark for this paper is 50. The marks for the various questions are shown in round brackets: eu. (2). All blank pages are indicated. A periodic table is printed on the back cover of this question paper Advice to Candidates You are reminded of the importance of clear and orderly presentation ia your answers. Turn over Wifes Edexcel es og Success through qualificationsSECTION A AA fertiliser is known to contain ammonium sulphate, (NH,)2$Oz, as the only ammonium salt. This question concems methods for the determination of the ammonium and sulphate ions. (a) A sample weighing 3.80 g was dissolved in water and the volume made to 250m! To 25.0cm? portions of this solution about Sem’ (an excess) of aqueous methanal was udded. The following reaction took place: ANH} (ag) + 6HCHO(aq) —: CoH i2Na{aq) +4H* (aq) + 6H0(1) The liberated acid was titrated directly with 0.100moldm~? aqueous sodium hydroxide. The average volume required was 28.0cm'. Calculate the percentage of ammonium sulphate in the fertiliser, 6) (b) Ina second determination of the ammonium ion content the same mass of fertiliser (ic. 3.80.g) was treated with excess sodium hydroxide and heated, The ammonia liberated was passed into a known excess of hydrochloric acid. The unreacted hydrochloric acid was then titrated with standard aqueous sodium hydroxide, The calculation of the percentage composition of the fertiliser gave a value that was 5% lower than the value obtained by the method in (a). Suggest reasons for this error other than those arising from the measurement of volumes, 2) (c) To determine the sulphate ion concentration of the fertiliser aqueous. barium chloride was added in excess to the fertiliser solution, The precipitate produced was filtered off and dried by strong heating. (Give the ionic equation for the precipitation reaction, including state symbols. Q) (ii) Suggest why the aqueous barium chloride was added to excess () (d) Many carbonates are also insoluble, and can be precipitated, dried and weighed in experiments similar to (c). However the strong heating needed to drive off all the water can cause a problem in determining the mass of the carbonate precipitated Suggest what this problem is and, choosing a suitable carbonate, write an equation for a reaction that might occur when the precipitate is heated. (4) ION A: 14 MARKS TOTAL FOR SEC1 NUITRS 3 ‘Turn over 8(CTION B Answer TWO questions only (a) The bombardier beetle Metrius contractus persuades potential predators to disappear by firing a boiling mixture of irritants at them. ‘The reaction producing this ammunition is a redox reaction, H2O2 being the oxidising agent. The two half-reactions involved are: ou oO EN I — 42H +2e — +0.70 On 9 HO) + 2H! +2e” — 2120 +177 (i) Write the overall equation for the reaction and show that the reaction is feasible. 8) (ii) The beetle makes use of an enzyme catalyst in the reaction. Explain in general terms how catalysts increase the rate of a chemical reaction using « graph of the Maxwell-Bolizmann distribution of molecular energies. 8) ‘The reaction is highly exothermic; in principle its enthalpy of reaction could be found by using average bond enthalpies. By a consideration of the structure and bonding in the compounds involved, suggest why the use of the average bond enthalpies for C=O, C—C, CC and O—H would give « highly inaccurate answer for the enthalpy of reaction. Q) (b) On heating hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the equation NivTss, 2H,0) — 2H;0 + 02 Hydrogen peroxide is marketed as an aqueous solution of a given “volume strength’ The common 20-volume solution gives 20dm* of oxygen from | dm’ of solution What is the concentration in gdm’? of such a solution? (Molar volume of any gas at the temperature and pressure of the experiment is 24 dm?.) 8)