P E N G E L I B ATA N T U R K I

U T H M A N I YA H

17.2.3
I S M A I L E N V E R PA S H A I A I T U S E S E O R A N G P E N G L I M A T E N T E R A
U T H M A N I YA H D A N P E M I M I P I N K A U M M U D A Y A N G B E R J AYA
M E N G A M B I L A L I H P E N TA D B I R A N T U R K I D A R I S U LTA N . B E L I A U
M E M U T U S K A N U N T U K M E N Y E R T A I P A K A TA N K U A S A K U A S A
P U S AT D A L A M P E R A N G D U N I A P E R TA M A S E B A G A I S AT U U S A H A
A K H I R D A L A M M E N G E K A L K A N W I L A YA H - W I L A YA H J A J A H A N
T U R K I D A R I PA D A P A K A TA N B E R T I G A
B R I TA I N M E L A L U I P E R I S I K A N YA T E L A H M E N Y U B U R K A N
S E M A N G AT NASIO NA LISME DA L A M N E GA RA ARAB AGA R MEREKA ISMAIL ENVER
M E N E N T A N G P E N G U A S A A N K H A L I F A H U T H M A N I YA H
PA S H A
PE J UA N GK E BA N GSA A N ARAB M U L A I M E N Y E R A N G KERAJAN
T U R K I A PA B I L A P E M I M P I N S Y R I A D A N I R A Q K E T I K A I T U I A I T U
E M I R FA I S A L 1 B E R P A L I N N G T A D A H D A N M E M I H A K K E PA D A
B R I TA I N
PA D A P E R I N G K A T A W A L P E P E R A N G A N T U R K I T E L A H M E N A N G B A N YA K
K E J AYA A N T E TA P I T U R K I J U G A T E L A H K E H I L A N G A N B A N YA K K A W A S A N
YA N G D I R A M PA S O L E H T E N T E R A B E R S E K U T U S E P E RT I D I C A U C A S C
D A N T E N T E R A T U R K I J U G A T E W A S D A L A M B E B R A PA S I R I
P E T E M P U R A N YA N G M E M B E N A R K A N M E M B E N A R K A N T E N T E R A
RU S I A B E R F E R A K DA R I T R A B Z O N , E Z U R U M K E A R A H VA N
PA D A T A H U N 1915 B R I TA I N M U L A I M E N D U D U K I K A A S A N I R A Q D A N
PA D A T A H U N 1917 B R I TA I M E N G U A S A I S E M U L A P A L E S T I N . T E N E T E R A
B R I TA I N Y A N G D I K E T U I G E N E R A L A L L E N B Y M E M E B E R I U C A PA N
D E N G A N M E N G A TA K A N "HARI,INI P E R A N G SA K I B S U D A H B E RK A HI R"
PA D A T A H U N 1917 B R I TA I N M E N G I S Y T I H A R K A N D E K L A R A S I
B A L F O U R , I A I T U P E R JA M J I A N A N TA R K E R A J A A N D E N G A N K E T U A
P E R S A T U A N YA H U D I K E T I K A . P E R J A N J I A N I T U M E N J A J I K A N T A N A H
PA L E S T I N K E PA D A YA H U D I . H A S I L N YA P E N E M P A T A N YA H U D I JENERAL
M E N I N G K AT D A R I PA D A 5 0 0 0 0 S E B E L U M I T U M E N C E C A H K E PA D A 1.4
J U TA
W A K I L YA H U D I K E T I K A D E K L A R A S I T E R S E B U T I A L A H C H A I M ALL EN BY
W E Z Z Z M A N YA N G M E R U PA K A N S E O R A N G S A I N T I S . B E L I A U
I A L A H M E R U PA K A N S A I N T I S P E R TA M A YA N G M E N G H A S I L K A N
A C E T O N E YA N G D I G U N A K A N S E B A G A I C O R D I T E (SEJENIS
B A H A N L E T U PA N ) Y A N G M E N Y U M A B N G B E S A R D A L A M B R I TA I N
C H A I M W E I Z Z M A N MEN DESAK SETIAUSAHA
L U A R B R I TA I N I A I T I A R T H U R B A L F O U R
S U PAYA M E N G A D A K A N D E K L A R A S I
T E R S E B U . A TA S D A S A R T E R H U T A N B U D I
B R I TA I N K E PA D A W E I Z Z M A N B R I TA I N
BERSETEJUTU U N T U K MELAKUKAN
D E K L A R A S I T E R S E B U T PA D A M U L A N YA
B R I TA I N M E N A W A R K A N T A N A H D I U G A N D A
K E PA D A W E I Z Z M A N N A M U N B E L I A U
E N G G A N D A N M A H U K A N P A L E S T IN .
A K H IR N Y A B R IT A I M E M B E N A R K A N K A U M
YA H U D I B E R H I J R A H K E T A N A H PA L E S T I N D EKL ARASI CHAIM
PA D A 1919,EMIR FA I S A L 1 M E N A N D A T A N G A N I
BALFOUR WEIZZMAN
P E R J A N J I A N A N TA R A C H A I M W E I Z Z M A N
YA N G M E N YA T A K N S O K O N G A N B E L I A U (PRESIDEN
S E P E N U H N YA D A N K E R A J A A N K E PA D A I S R A E L YA N G
D E K L A R A S I B E L F O U R . A K H I R N YA PA D A 11 P E R TA M A )
N O V E M B E R 1918 B E R A K H I R L A H P E R A N G
D U N I A P E R TA M A S E L E PA S N E G A R A J E R M A N
M E N A N TA G A N I PERJANJIAN G E N C ATA N
 17.3 K E S A N
PERANG DUNIA
P E R TA M A
TERHADAP
E M PAYA R
TURKI
U T H M A N IY A H
 17.3.1 K E S A N D A R I S E G I
POLITIK
K E R A J A A N T U R K I U T H M A N I YA H H I L A N G W I L A YA H - W I L A YA H YA N G L U A S T E R M A S U K L A H
PA L E S T I N
M U M C U L N E G A R A B A N G S A YA N G M E M I S A H K A N P E N D U D U K M E N G I K U T N E G A R A
NEGARA MASING
PA D A T A H U N 1918 B R I TA I N M E N D U D U K I P U S A T P E M E R I N T A H A N T U R K I U T H M A N I YA H
I A I T U I S TA N B U L PA D A N 30 O K Y O B E R T E N T E R A B E R S E J J U T U M E M E C A H K A N N E G A R A T U R K I
U T H M A N I YA H M E L A L U I P E R J A N J I A N S E V R E S
G E R A K A N K E B A N G S A A N T U R K I D I T U B U H K A N A K I B AT P E N D U D U K A N C O N S T A N T I N O P L E
DAN SMYRNA O L E H TENTERA BERSUKUTU
A T A R T U K M E N G E T U A I P E R A N G K E M E R D E K A A N T U R K I YA N G YA N G B E R T U J U A N U N T U K
M E NA R I K BALIK T E R M A PRJANJIAN S E VRE S
18 S E P T E M B E R T E N T E R A K O L O N I A L D I U S I R D A N W U J U D L A H S E B U A H N E G A R A T U R K I
YA N G B A R U
PA D A 1 N O V E M B E R P A R L I M E N B A H A R U D I T I B U H K A N YA N G M E N G G A N T I K K A N
SISTEM
K E S U LT A N A N
P E R J A N J I A N L A U S A N N E PA D A 24 J U L A I 1923 M E M B E R I K A N
 T U N T U A N P E R S I D A N G L A U S S A N E S E P E RT:
1.S I S T E M K H L I F A H D I T A M A T K A N
2. K H A L I F A H D I B U A N G N E G E R I
3. H A R T A K H L I F A H D I R A M PA S
4. K E R A J A A N T U R K I B A H A R U A K A N D I T U B I H K A N A TA S D A S A R S E K U L A R

R E P U B L I K T E R S E B U T D I I S Y T I H A R K A N S E C A R R A S M I PA D A 29 O K T O B E R 1923DI
IBU NEGARA BAHARU IAITU ANKARA
PA D A 3 M A C 1924 S I S T E M P E M E R I N TA H A K H I L A FA H D I TA M TA K N S E C A R R A S M I D A N
PA D A PA G I N H A R I T E R S E B U T J U G A K H A L I F A H T E R A K H I R I A I T U K H A L I F A H A B D U L M E J I D
II D I U S I R K E L U A R D A N D I B U A N G N E G E R I
M U S TA FA K E M A L ATA R T U R K MENJADIKAN TURKI SEBAGAI ST U N E GA R A SEKULAR DA N
B E L I A U M E N G E N A L K A N B A N YA K P E M B E H A R U A N R A D I K A L
P E R U B A H A N D R A S T I K I N I M E M I S A H K A N A G A M A D A R I PA D A P O L I T I K
T U R K I M E N G A L A M I K E M E R O S O T A N E K O N O M I A K I B AT
P E R B E L A N J A A N B E S A R U N T U K P E M B I AYA A N K O S P E R A N G .
H A L INI J U G A M E N Y E B A B K A N N E G A R A I S L A M D I B AWA H
P E N G A R U H T U RK I EPRTTI T I M U R T E N G A H D A N AFRIKA
U TA R A
E KO N O M I TURKI SEMAKIN TERUK KERANA DENGAN
P E R S T U J U A N S Y K E S - P I C O T 1916, W I L A YA H T U R K I T E L A H
D I B A H A G I K A N K E PA D A P E R A N C I S , I N G G E R I S , R U S I A ,
D A N I TA L I
17.3.2
EKONOM I
K E M O R O S O TA N AH L A K DA N M O R A L

P E M O D E N A N TURKI T E L A H DIIKUTI N E GA R A
I S L A M L A I N . K E B U D AYA A N B A R A T T E L A H
17.3.3
MENYEBABKAN KERUNTUHAN AKHLAK DI
N E G A R A - N E G A R A I S L A M YA N G L A I N
SO SIA L
T AM AT