Đề bài

I. Use the correct voice (active or passive) and the correct tense of
the verb in sentences.
1. Almost everyone (enjoy) _________the lecture last night.

2. English (teach) _____________in the schools of almost every nation.

3. That proposal (consider) ___________by the members right now.

4. Smith (teach) ___________at the University of Washington since 1999.

5. That old red house (build) ___________in the year 1822.

II. Change into passive voice.

6. The teacher always welcomes new students.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

7. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

8. Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

9. The police found two children in the forest.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________
10. They will send your order as soon as possible.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

I. Choose the best answer

1. “What’s the best way to get around Hoi An town?” - “ .................. “

A. That’s useful B. It’s worth seeing

C. Great, thanks D. I suggest walking

2. She turned .................. the new job in New York because she didn’t want
to move.

A. on B. down C. off D. up

3. This city has one of the most .................. underground rail networks in the
world.

A. efficient B. fashionable C. cosmopolitan D. fascinated

4. The scenery is .................. when viewed from the mountain top. It feels
like your breath is being taken away.

A. spectacular B. good C. nice D. peaceful

5. It ……………..that the Perfume Pagoda is located in the interior of a cave to

the top of the Huong Tich mountains.

A. is spoken B. is told C. says D. is said

III. Change into passive voice.

6. The scientists are studying the problem carefully.
→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

7. Pat Murphy was riding the horse.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

8. The police have just arrested the robbers.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

9. Sue bought a new book yesterday.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

10. They can use this room after 5 p.m.

→
_______________________________________________________________
____________

I. Choose the best answer

1. This car ________________.

A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year.

B. was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan.

C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota.

D. last year was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.

2. It _____________that China dug up the ocean floor to build artificial

islands.

A. would be said B. is said C. says D. said

3. The situation _____________to continue.

A. cannot allow B. cannot be allowed

C. cannot have allowed D. cannot be allowing

4. The public suggested that the factories _____________with waste

treatment system.

A. would equip B. would be equipped

C. should equip D. should be equipped

5. The machine __________on by pressing this switch.

A. can turn B. can be turned C. must turn D. should be

turning

6 The most important thing is that we _________foreign tourists come back

to Viet Nam again.

A. will make B. should make C. cause D. should

cause

7. The next meeting _______________ in May.

A. will hold B. will be held C. will be holding D. will

have held

II. Use the correct voice (active or passive) and the correct tense of
the verb in sentences.
8. The report (examine, not) ____________by the committee of experts yet.

9. Cocktails (serve) ____________to the guests at the party last night.

10. There (be) ___________no trouble yet.

11. Listen to this. I think this news (surprise) _______you.

12. The noise from the trains (annoy) ___________me terribly last night.

Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others
1. The expert explained that the upper ___________ of the bridge was in very bad
condition.
A. building
B. structure
C. foundation
D. Roof
2. In 1978, the south and north Cat Tien parks were put ___________ the State’s
protection.
A. above
B. with
C. of
D. under
3. Architect Kasik is honoured with his statue in Hoi An in _____________ for his
restoration work done at the My Son Sanctuary.
A. recognition
B. admiration
C. agreement
D. Knowledge
4. The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built on the location of a Chinese _________
dating from the 7th century.
A. border
B. soldier
C. battle
D. fortress
5. Talking about Tay Phuong Pagoda means talking about a treasure of _________, an
invaluable cultural and historical heritage.
A. items
B. stone
C. sculpture
D. objects
Circle the correct answer A, B, C or D.
Question 1: He lives in a very ............... village in Hue.
A. picture
B. picturely
C. picturesque
D. picturesquely
Question 2: They failed to gain international ............... as an independent country.
A. recognition
B. agreeing
C. setting
D. accepting
Question 3: This would be the perfect .............. for our wedding party.
A. set
B. tomb
C. setting
D. recognition
Question 4: A ............... is a building or place that has been made stronger and
protected against attack.
A. citadel
B. structure
C. fortress
D. tower
Question 5: What ............... should we take to reduce pollution?
A. actions
B. plan
C. activity
D. action
Question 6: Trang An Landscape Complex is renowned for its diverse ecosystem,
unique natural beauty and ……. characteristics.
A.geology
B.geological
C.environmental
D.ecological
Question 7: The Ho Dynasty Citadel has a palace ………. with marble roads that
connect each palace.
A. area
B. setting
C. complex
D. building
Question 8: The towers of the My Son sanctuary are the most significant ……. of the My
Son civilization.
A. structures
B. arrangements
C. apartments
D. plans
Question 9: The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was the ………. of political power for
nearly seven centuries without interruption.
A. middle
B. point
C. system
D. centre
Question 10: It ………that China dug up the ocean floor to build artificial islands.
A. says
B. said
C. would be said
D. is said
Question 11: It ……….. that China dug up the ocean floor to build artificial islands.
A. says
B. said
C. would be said
D. is said
Question 12: The public suggested that the factories ………. with waste treatment
system.
A. would equip
B. would be equipped
C. should equip
D. should be equipped
Question 13: The local government suggested ……. a road through the Nam Cat Tien
National Park.
A. build
B. to build
C. building
D. being built
Question 14: It …………that some foreigners had collected rubbish on Cat Ba Beach.
A. reported
B. was reported
C. could report
D. had been reported
Question 15: The most important thing is that we ……… foreign tourists come back to
Viet Nam again .
A. cause
B. should cause
C. will make
D. should make
Question 16: Tomatoes __________ before they are completely ripe.
A. can be picked
B. can pick
C. needn’t pick
D. should be picking
Questions 17: It ___________ that the road through the national park will not affect the
environment and living habitat of wild animals there.
A. has thought
B. had been thought
C. is thought
D. thinks
Question 18: The refreshments ___________ by Karen.
A. are going to be prepared
B. are going to prepare
C. are preparing
D. are to prepare
Question 19: The keys _________ somewhere.
A. must have been leaving
B. must have left
C. must be leaving
D. must have been left
Question 20: It ___________ that the Perfume Pagoda is located in the interior of a cave
to the top of the Huong Tich mountains.
A. is spoken
B. is told
C. says
D. is said
Exercise 1: Give the correct form of verb in brackets
1. The bookseller suggested his customer (buy) __________ the newly released book a
famous author.
2. My teacher suggests that we (use) __________ paperback dictionary to look up new
words instead of using online dictionary.
3. It is suggested that children (learn) __________ a foreign language at an early age.
4. The tour guide suggested that we (try) __________ the local specialties.
5. My classmates suggest (throw) __________ a party to celebrate the Teacher’s Day.
Exercise 2: Reorder these words to have correct sentneces
1. believed / people / will / is / on / Mars / future / the / widely / It / that / live / in.
_______________________________________________
2. in / It / Vietnam / is / that / should / believed / rickshaw / by / travelling / try / tourists.
_______________________________________________
3. that / that / there / many / cottages / It / many / was / rumored / picturesque / village /
in.
_______________________________________________
4. it / yesterday / that / Jim / would / meeting / to / come / the / Was / expected?
_______________________________________________
Rewrite the following sentences with the given words
1. People know that cars pollute the environment.
It …………………………………………………………………….
Cars …………………………………………………………………
2. People believe that the robber has worked in the bank.
It …………………………………………………………………….
The robber …………………………………………………………..
3. Many people believe that she is an honest person.
It …………………………………………………………………….
She..………………………………………………………………….
4. They think that the president will arrive soon.
It …………………………………………………………………….
The president ……………………………………………………….
5. It is reported that many passengers died in the crash
People ………………………………………………………………
Many passengers ……………………………………………........
Question 1. enjoyed
Question 6. New students are always welcomed by the teacher.
Question 2. are taught
Question 7. The problem is being studied carefully by the scientists.
Question 3. is being considered
Question 8. The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison in 1877.
Question 4. has taught
Question 9. Two children were found in the forest by the police.
Question 5. was built
Question 10. Your order will be sent as soon as possible.
Question 1. D
Question 2. B
Question 3. A
Question 4. A
Question 5. D
Question 6. The problem is being studied carefully by the scientists.
Question 7. The horse was being ridden by Park Murphy.
Question 8. The robbers have just been arrested by the police.
Question 9. A new book was bought by Sue yesterday.
Question 10. This room can be used after 5 p.m.
Question 1. A
Question 7. B
Question 2. B
Question 8. hasn’t been examined
Question 3. B
Question 9. were served
Question 4. D
Question 10. has been
Question 5. B
Question 11. will surprise
Question 6. B
Question 12. annoyed
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. C
1. The bookseller suggested his customer (buy) __ should buy / buy ___ the newly
released book a famous author.
2. My teacher suggests that we (use) __ should use / use ___ paperback dictionary to
look up new words instead of using online dictionary.
3. It is suggested that children (learn) __ should learn / learn _ a foreign language at an
early age.
4. The tour guide suggested that we (try) _ should try / try _ the local specialties.
5. My classmates suggest (throw) __throwing___ a party to celebrate the Teacher’s
Day.
1. It is widely believed that people will live on Mars in the future.
2. It is believed that tourists should try travelling by rickshaw in Vietnam.
3. It was rumored that there were many picturesque cottages in that village.
4. Was it expected that Jim would come to the meeting yesterday?
1. It is known that cars pollute the environment.
Cars are known to pollute the environment.
2. It is believed that the robber has worked in the bank.
The robber is believed to have worked in the bank
3. It is believed that she is an honest person.
She is believed to be an honest person.
4. It’s thought that the president will arrive soon.
The president is thought to arrive soon.
5. People report that many passangers died in the crash
Many passengers are reported to have died in the crash
I. Câu bị động đặc biệt trong tiếng Anh - Impersonal Passive
– Các động từ tường thuật gồm: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find,
know, report, say, think, find, understand, discover, prove, observe, estimate…
– Đối với các động từ tường thuật, ta dùng cấu trúc:
O: Tân ngữ; O’: Tân ngữ bị động
Câu chủ động: S + V + THAT + S’ + V’ + …
⇒ Câu bị động: It + be + V3/-ed + THAT + S’ + V’
Ví dụ:
People say that your father drink lots of beer. (Người ta nói rằng cha của em uống rất
nhiều bia)
⇒ It is said that your father drink lots of beer.
They claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam. (Người ta quả quyết
rằng em đạt điểm số cao nhất ở cuộc thi đầu vào)
⇒ It was claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
II. Cấu trúc Suggest trong tiếng Anh
Một trong những cách thành lập câu đề nghị trong tiếng anh là sử dụng động từ
‘suggest’. Tuy vậy, ‘suggest‘ lại có nhiều cách dùng và mỗi các dùng đều có đặc điểm,
lưu ý riêng. Dưới đây là các cách áp dụng câu đề nghị tiếng anh với động từ ‘suggest‘.
1. Suggest + V-ing:
Được dùng chủ yếu trong những tình huống trang trọng, để nói chung chung, không ám
chỉ một người cụ thể nào.
I suggest going out for dinner, but my mom doesn’t want to eat out. (Tôi đề nghị ra
ngoài ăn tối, nhưng mẹ tôi không thích đi ăn tiệm)
2. Suggest + (that) + S + should + V(bare)
Để đưa ra 1 đề xuất, ý kiến, khuyên ai nên làm gì (chúng ta có thể bỏ ‘that’ nếu ngữ
cảnh không trang trọng).
They suggest (that) she should perform one more song. (Họ đề nghị (rằng) cô ấy nên
hát thêm một bài nữa)
3. Suggest + (that) + S + subjunctive Verb
Đề nghị (rằng) ai làm gì
He suggest (that) we cook something to eat. (Anh ấy đề nghị chúng tôi nên nấu gì đó để
ăn)
Từ mới Phân loại/ Phiên âm Định nghĩa
thuộc về hoặc liên quan đến
1. administrative (adj) /ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv/
việc quản lý; hành chính
2. amazing (adj) /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ làm kinh ngạc, sửng sốt
3. astounding (adj) /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/ làm sững sờ, làm sửng sốt
4. breathtaking (adj) /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ ngoạn mục
5. burial (n)/ˈberiəl/ việc chôn cất
6. cavern (n) /ˈkævən/ hang lớn, động
7. citadel (n) /ˈsɪtədəl/ thành lũy, thành trì
8. complex (n) /ˈkɒmpleks/ khu liên hơp, quần thể
9. contain (v) /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng, bao hàm
10. consist (v) /kənˈsɪst/ bao gồm
11. contestant (n) /kənˈtestənt/ thí sinh
12. construction (n) /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ sự xây dựng
13. conserve (v) /kənˈsɜːv/ bảo tồn
14. combine (v) /kəmˈbaɪn/ kết hợp
15. cremation (n) /krəˈmeɪʃn/ sự hỏa thiêu
16. descendant (n) /dɪˈsendənt/ người nối dõi
17. distinctive (adj) /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/ đặc biệt, đặc tính
18. excited (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ vui mừng, kích thích
19. fortress (n) /ˈfɔːtrəs/ pháo đài
20. guess (v) /ɡes/ đoán, phỏng đoán
21. geological (adj) /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (thuộc) địa chất
22. helmet (n) /ˈhelmɪt/ mũ bảo hiểm
23. heritage (n) /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ di sản
24. historic (adj) /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ thuộc về lịch sử
25. honour (v) /ˈɒnə(r)/ tôn kính
26. impress (v) /ɪmˈpres/ làm ấn tượng
27. impressive (adj) /ɪmˈpresɪv/ gây ấn tượng
28. keen on (phr) /kiːn ɒn/ say me, ham thích
29. limestone (n) /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ đá vôi
30. man-made (adj) /ˌmæn ˈmeɪd/ nhân tạo
31. measure (n) /ˈmeʒə(r)/ biện pháp, phương sách
32. mention (v) /ˈmenʃn/ đề cập đến
33. monuments (n) /ˈmɒnjumənt/ tượng đài
34. paradise (n) /ˈpærədaɪs/ thiên đường
35. palace (n) /ˈpæləs/ cung điện
36. pilgrims (n) /ˈpɪlɡrɪmz/ những người hành hương
37. picturesque (adj) /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ đẹp, gây ấn tượng mạnh
 (phong cảnh)
38. ramp (n) /ræmp/ bờ dốc
39. recognition (n) /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃn/ sự công nhận, sự thưa nhận
40. rickshaw (n) /ˈrɪkʃɔː/ xe xích lô, xe kéo
41. round (in a game) (n) /raʊnd/ hiệp, vòng (trong trò chơi)
42. religious (adj) /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/ thuộc tôn giáo
43. sculpture (n) /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ bức tượng (điêu khắc)
44. site (n) /saɪt/ địa điểm
45. setting (n) /ˈsetɪŋ/ khung cảnh, môi trường
46. severe (adj) /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ khắc nghiệt
47. spectacular (adj) /spekˈtækjələ(r)/ đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục, hùng vĩ
công trình kiến trúc, công trình
48. structure (n) /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/
xây dựng
49. souvenir (n) /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə(r)/ quà lưu niệm
50. theory (n) /ˈθɪəri/ lí thuyết
51. tomb (n) /tuːm/ ngôi mộ
I. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form
of a verb from the box.
see eat sing forget graduate
1. He ___________from high school when we met him.

2. She got up, ____________breakfast, and left.

3. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining, and the birds
____________.

4. I was sure I __________him somewhere before, but I couldn’t remember

where.

5. Linda walked out of her flat. As she shut the door, she realized she
___________the key.

II. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.

6. The young birds depend ______their parents for food several weeks.

7. This job is a lot of different _________what I’m used to.

8. Most students are interested _______sports.

9. The teacher divided the class __________five groups.

10. How long is she planning to stay ______you?

11. We haven’t seen Jane _____________a year.

12. _______Friday, Maryam wanted to visit the mosque ___________Hang

Luoc Street.

I. Choose the best answer

1. The school ....................... by paddy fields.

A. was initially surrounding B. initially was surrounding

C. was initially surrounded D. initially was surrounded

2. There has been a .................... increase in people’s income over the last
ten years.

A. gradual B. gradually C. slightly D. dramatically

3. A ....................... is a bridge that carries one road over another one.

A. tram B. sky-train C. flyover D. tunnel

4. She lived in a(n) ......................., so she didn’t have much privacy.

A. nuclear family B. extended family C. family nuclear D. family

extended

5. We live in a(n) ....................... with only my parents and me.

A. nuclear family B. extended family C. family nuclear D. family

extended

6. ....................... used to be an image associated with our soldiers in the

past.

A. Leather shoes B. Rubber sandals C. Boots D.

Sneakers

7. It is said that Edinburgh ....................... the most historic city in Great

Britain.

A. are B. to be C. be D. is

II. Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.

8. In the countryside in Vietnam, families used to (be) .......................
extended.

9. I wish everybody (have) ....................... enough food and a place to live

in.

10. She said she (visit) ....................... Hue next Sunday.

11. I won the game because I (play) ....................... it a lot with my brother.

12. Tom suggest (come) ....................... the library this afternoon.

I. Choose the best answer

1. Survey findings _________that the current family remains an important
production unit of society.

A. express B. show C. explain D. record

2. Before 1975 in South Viet Nam, there ___________3 state universities built
in cities of Hue, Saigon, Can Tho.

A. has been B. would be C. was D. used to be

3. Many workers wish that they __________labour contracts with the

companies.

A. were signing B. sign C. signed D. were signed

4. On arrival at home I (find) _________that she just (leave) _________just a

few minutes before.

A. had found – left B. have found – have just left

C. found – had just left D. found – left

5. We wish that smart boards ____________in our school soon.

A. was installed B. would install C. had installed D. were

installed

II. Complete each of the following sentences using the Past

Continuous Tense
work play have study watch
6. My leg started to hurt when I _________football.
7. While we ___________dinner, someone knocked the door.

8. While my mother was cooking, my father __________TV.

9. The fire alarm went off when we ___________a math lesson.

10. My brother _________when I called him this afternoon.

Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using “It + be + adjective + (of/ for + noun/
pronoun)”
1. We were surprised to get the scholarships.
___________________________________________
2. She was impolite to criticize him in front of his friends.
___________________________________________
3. Anna was brave to spend the night in the old house alone.
___________________________________________
4. Such a wonderful performance was interesting to hear.
___________________________________________
5. You were very kind to give presents to street children before the new school year.
___________________________________________

Exercise 2: Give the corrrect form of verbs in bracket

1. Before I (get)______ promotion, I (work)____ very hard.
2. Yesterday, my mother (pick)_____ me up from school before we (go) _____
shopping together.
3. Our grandparents (tell)____ us that he (serve)____ in the army in 1945.
4. After having dinner with my boyfriend, I (go)_____ home.
5. Yesterday (be)_______ the first time Jane (perform)_____ in front of such large
audience.
6. Peter (admit)______ he (break)_____ my favorite vase the day before.
Exercise 3: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as
possible in meaning to the original sentences. Use the word given and other words as
necessary.
1. Supporting the victims after the disaster was kind of them.
___________________________________________________
2. Valuing the improved living conditions we have today is necessary.
___________________________________________________
3. Crossing the road without looking left and right was stupid of you.
___________________________________________________
4. Going into the lift alone is afraid.
___________________________________________________
5. Following the instructions carefully is important for all of us.
___________________________________________________
6. Being able to build the country into a powerful one is certain.
___________________________________________________

Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word from the box.
childhood books goods wages period
artifacts coupons fashionable families straw
The exhibition of the (1) _____________ of the subsidy period in Viet Nam took place in
Ha Noi attracted the attention of many people. During the historical period all goods
were distributed through (2) _____________. The electric fans, cups were
indispensable items in the 1980s. The blanket printed with a peacock was a
(3)_____________ item of Ha Noi (4) _____________. Each family tried to have at
least one. The bike, a (5)_____________ hat of the wartime are kept fairly intact. Most
books of the subsidy (6) _____________ are derived from the former Soviet Union. The
(7) _____________ of many people was associated with many (8) _____________
about Lenin, the story of Doctor Aybolit. At that time, banknotes were rarely used; the
(9) _____________ were distributed by coupons. (10) _____________ were sometimes
paid by goods.
Complete the passage with the correct form or tense of the words in brackets.
Television first (1) ____________ (appear) some fifty years ago in the 1950s. Since
then, it has (2) ____________ (be) one of the most popular sources of (3)
____________ (entertain) for both the old and the young. Television can (4)
____________ (actual) satisfy almost all kinds of taste. It offers cartoons for children,
world news, music and many other programs. If someone is (5) ____________
(interest) in sports, for example, he can tune in to a sports channel. There he can enjoy
a live broadcast of an (6) ____________ (nation) football match. Television is also a
very (7) ____________ (use) way for companies to advertise their products.
It’s not too hard for us (8) ____________ (see) why there is a TV set in almost every
home today. And, engineers are developing (9) ____________ (interact) TV which
allows (10) ____________ (communicate) between viewers and producers.
Question 1. graduated
Question 7. from
Question 2. ate
Question 8. in
Question 3. was singing
Question 9. into
Question 4. saw
Question 10. with
Question 5. forgot
Question 11. for
Question 6. on
Question 12. On, at
Question 1. C
Question 7. D
Question 2. D
Question 8. be
Question 3. C
Question 9. had
Question 4. B
Question 10. would visit
Question 5. A
Question 11. played
Question 6. B
Question 12. coming
Question 1. B
Question 6. was playing
Question 2. D
Question 7. were having
Question 3. C
Question 8. was watching
Question 4. C
Question 9. were studying
Question 5. B
Question10. was playing

1. artifacts 2. coupons 3. fashionable 4. families 5. straw

6. period 7. childhood 8. books 9. goods 10. wages
Television first (1) ______apppeared______ (appear) some fifty years ago in the 1950s.
Since then, it has (2) _________been___ (be) one of the most popular sources of (3)
____entertainment________ (entertain) for both the old and the young. Television can
(4) ______actually______ (actual) satisfy almost all kinds of taste. It offers cartoons for
children, world news, music and many other programs. If someone is (5)
_______interested_____ (interest) in sports, for example, he can tune in to a sports
channel. There he can enjoy a live broadcast of an (6) ____international________
(nation) football match. Television is also a very (7) _____useful_______ (use) way for
companies to advertise their products.
It’s not too hard for us (8) _______to see_____ (see) why there is a TV set in almost
every home today. And, engineers are developing (9) ____interactive________
(interact) TV which allows (10) ____communication________ (communicate) between
viewers and producers.
 Từ mới Phiên âm Định nghĩa
1. annoyed (adj) /əˈnɔɪd/ : bực mình, khó chịu
2. astonished (adj) /əˈstɒnɪʃt/ : kinh ngạc
3. boom (n) /buːm/ : bùng nổ
4. compartment (n) /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/ : toa xe
5. clanging (adj) /klæŋɪŋ/ : tiếng leng keng
6. cooperative (adj) /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ : hợp tác
7. elevated walkway (n) /ˈelɪveɪtɪd ˈwɔːkweɪ/ : lối đi dành cho người đi bộ
: nước xuất khẩu, người xuất
8. exporter (n) /ekˈspɔːtə(r)/
khẩu
: gia đình nhiều thế hệ cùng
9. extended family (n) /ɪkˈstendɪd ˈfæməli/
sống chung
10. flyover (n) /ˈflaɪəʊvə(r)/ : cầu vượt (cho xe máy, ôtô)
11. manual (adj) /ˈmænjuəl/ : làm (gì đó) bằng tay
12. mushroom (v) /ˈmʌʃrʊm/ : mọc lên như nấm
13. noticeable (adj) /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl/ : gây chú ý, đáng chú ý
14. nuclear family (n) /ˈnjuːkliə(r) ˈfæməli/ : gia đình hạt nhân
15. photo exhibition (n) /ˈfəʊtəʊ ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn/ : triển lãm ảnh
16. pedestrian (n) /pəˈdestriən/ : người đi bộ
17. roof (n) ruːf/ : mái nhà
18. rubber (n) /ˈrʌbə(r)/ : cao su
19. sandals (n) /ˈsændlz/ : dép
20. thatched house (n) /θætʃt haʊs/ : nhà tranh mái lá
21. tiled (adj) /taɪld/ : lợp ngói, bằng ngói
22. tram (n) /træm/ : xe điện, tàu điện
23. trench (n) /trentʃ/ : hào giao thông
24. tunnel (n) /ˈtʌnl/ : đường hầm, cống ngầm
 : đường hầm cho người đi bộ
25. underpass (n) /ˈʌndəpɑːs/ (n)
qua đường
I. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành - Past Perfect Tense
1. Cấu trúc Thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Câu Khẳng định
S + had + PII
- Câu Phủ định
S + hadn’t + PII
- Câu Nghi vấn
Had + S + PII?
2. Cách sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm
xác định trong quá khứ hoặc xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
Carol had left before Prof. Lestly came back. (Carol đã rời đi trước khi Giáo sư Lestly
trở về)
- Hành động xảy ra trước chia ở thì quá khứ hoàn thành còn hành động xảy ra sau chia ở
thì quá khứ đơn, trong câu có các từ nối như by (có nghĩa như before), before, after, when,
till, untill, as soon as, no sooner…than
My grandmother had lived in Hanoi before 1954. (Bà tôi từ sống ở Hà Nội trước năm
1954)
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được dùng trong mệnh đề If loại 3 (trái với quá khứ).
I would have helped to paint the house if you had asked me. (You didn’t ask me) (Nếu
bạn ngỏ lời với tôi thì tôi đã giúp bạn sơn nhà rồi)
=> Thực tế, bạn đã không nhờ giúp đỡ
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được dùng trong câu tường thuật trong trường hợp từ tường
thuật (từ có gạch dưới) được chia ở thì quá khứ.
The policeman said Mr. Hammond had driven through a red light. (Cảnh sát nói rằng
ông Hammond đã vượt đèn đỏ khi lái xe)
3. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (qkht) thường được sử dụng trong câu có những từ/ cấu trúc
sau: before…, by the time, by; No sooner … than; Hardly/ Scarely … when; It was not
until … that; Not until … that (mãi cho tới khi … mới); By the time (tới lúc mà … thì)
Ví dụ:
Before Nancy left the office, she had finished all the document for her supervisor.
(Trước khi Nancy rời khỏi văn phòng, cô đã hoàn thành xong tài liệu mà sếp cô cần)
→ sau before dùng thì quá khứ đơn
II. Adj + to V và adj + that + clause
a. Tính từ + to V:
Động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) thường được dùng:
- Sau các tính từ diễn tả phản ứng và cảm xúc như: glad, sorry, sad, delighted, pleased,
happy, afraid, anxious, surprised, shocked...
Ví dụ:
Tom was surprised to see you. Tom ngọc nhiên khi thấy bạn.
He’s afraid to stay home alone at night. Anh ấy sợ ở nhà một mình vào ban đêm.
- Sau một số tính từ thông dụng khác như: right, wrong, easy, difficult, certain, welcome,
careful, important, interesting, lovely, ready, lucky, likely, good, hard, dangerous, safe...,
và sau các tính từ trong cấu trúc enough và too.
Ví dụ:
He is difficult to understand. Anh ấy thật khó hiếu.
The apples are ripe enough to pick. Những quá táo đã đủ chín để hái.
- Sau tính từ trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với chủ ngữ giả It: It + be + adjective +
to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
It’s interesting to talk to you. Nói chuyện với bạn thật là thú vị.
It’s difficult to learn Japanese. Học tiếng Nhật thì rất khó.
b. Adjective + that - noun clause (Tính từ + mệnh đề danh từ)
- Mệnh đề danh từ (noun clause) thường được dùng với các tính từ diễn tả xúc cảm, sự
lo lắng, sự tin tưởng etc. Ví dụ: delighted, glad, pleased, relieved, sorry, afraid, anxious,
worried, confident, certain, surprising...
Ví dụ:
I’m delighted that you passed your exam. Tôi rất vui vì anh đã vượt qua kì thi.