a) in particolare metti in luce come l'uno e l'altro candidato utilizzino strumenti comunicativi e retorici,

includi la rilevazione (con puntuali riferimenti e citazioni) di figure retoriche e scelte di lessico e
registro, e l'osservazione della comunicazione paraverbale e non verbale; procedi poi ad
evidenziare gli elementi portanti dell'impianto persuasivo-argomentativo: esplicita la tesi, o quella
che ritieni essere l'asserzione portante o principale, gli argomenti (distinguendo la tipologia:
auctoritas, exemplum, dati percentuali, inferenza logica ecc.), eventuali obiezioni e confutazioni, la
conclusione.
- Il discorso di Obama, durante la cerimonia a seguito dalla sua vittoria nelle elezioni parlamentari del 2009,
rivela fin da subito le sue doti naturali di leader.
Ascoltandolo, notiamo fin da subito come utilizzi uno stile e un linguaggio carico, parole forti,
accompagnate a seguito di ogni argomento da pause, volte all’interiorizzazione di quanto affermato.
L’obiettivo del presidente non è quello di andar contro autorità precedenti o tentare di mostrarsi come un
capo vittorioso, quanto più di essere una guida per un paese che sta affrontando un periodo difficile della sua
storia.
“If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still
wonders if the dreams of our founder is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy,
tonight is your answer” inciso che presenta in sè lo stesso impianto ripetuto più volte e con il quale ancora
una volta si rivolge alle persone del popolo, culminando con una frase che riesca a sintetizzare il tutto ‘
tonight is your answer’, quasi a non voler deludere le persone che lo hanno votato.
Richiama quindi a sé i primi dati numerici del discorso, ‘It’s the answer told by lines stretched around
schools and churches and in numbers that this nation has never seen by people who waited 3 h and 4h many
for the first time in their lives’ legata ad incrementare l’importanza data alla vittoria di fronte alla nazione,
cercando però di appoggiare il focus della narrazione verso il merito dato alle persone del popolo che lo
hanno votato, ‘because they believe that this time must be different that their voices could be that difference’.
È inoltre chiaro fin da subito l’ideale politico che stà alla base, introdotto inizialmente da un elenco ‘ It’s the
answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, democrat and republican, black and white, Hispanic, asian,
Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans’ volto a far capire quanto lui voglia
essere considerate il presidente dell’intera nazione e non di un gruppo limitato di persone, accettando quindi
qualsiasi persona; riprende quindi dicendo ‘who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a
collection of individuals nor a collection of red states and blue states we are and always be the United States
of America’ ribadendo che non è di un singolo ordinamento del quale si parla parlando ma bensì di un
insieme più ampio di persone che trovano in Obama il loro nuovo rappresentando e della cui fiducia lui
stesso li ripagherà servendo il paese.
Introduce quindi l’argomento storico principale precedente, ‘It’s the answer that led those who have been
told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their
hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day’ , con parole important,
volendo far capire a chi sta ascoltando che la loro forza, assieme, sarà tale da superare anche i momenti bui
passati e dei quali andrà poi a parlare successivamente.
Torna quindi un attimo indietro, andando a ringraziare tutte le persone che l’hanno aiutato nella sua
campagna e senza le quali non sarebbe lì oggi ‘Senator McCain fought long and hard in this campaign and
he’s fight even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that
most of us cannot begin to imagine we better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader I
congratulate him, I congratulate governor palin for all that they’ve achieved and I look forward to working
with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead. I want to thank my partner in this journey, a
man who campaigns from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of
Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware the Vice President elect of the United States joe
Biden and I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last
16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next First Lady Michelle Obama.  Sasha and
Malia, I love you both more than you can imagine and you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us
to White House. And while she’s no longer with us I know my grandmother’s watching along with the family
that made me who I am I miss them tonight I know that my debts to them is beyond measure to my sister
maya my sister alma all my other brothers and sisters thank you so much for all the support that you’ve
given me I’m grateful to them. To my campaign menagerie David plouffe the unsung hero of this campaign
who built the best, the best political campaign i think in the history of the USA. My chief strategist David
axelrod who’s been a partner with me every step of the way to the best campaign team ever assembled in the
history of politics you made this happen and I am forever grateful for what you have sacrificed to get it
done’ in un grande elenco volto a far comprendere al pubblico l’importanza, forse, di avere amici e persone
che ti supportano in qualsiasi attività della vita.
Questo discorso però non termina qui, ma anzi culmina solo qui una sorta di enorme climax ascendente di
carica sempre maggiore nella cui parte finale ringrazia lo stesso popolo americano, ‘But above all I will
never forget who this victory truly belongs to, it belongs to you, it belong to you’. Ancora, a ribadire l’intento
di infondere Speranza e forse quello velato di formare le generazioni future, educandole a quelli che ritiene
essere gli ideali fondamnetali per una democrazia, arriva addirittura a dire ‘I was never the likeliest
candidate for this office’ come a ribadire quanto il fatto che lui si trovi lì sia casual e non sia quindi la
persona più adatta o più indicate per questo incarico.
Inizia quindi, partendo dalla constatazione che la loro campagna, ‘ we did not start with much money or
many endorsements, our campaign was not fetched in the halls of Washington, it began in the beck yards at
the morning in the living rooms of concord and the front porches of Charleston’ ma che invece ‘it was built
by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give 5, 10 and 20 dollars to the
cost’, ribadendo quale sia la reale storia del paese e a chi appartenga il suo reale sviluppo economico.
Continua qindi con ‘It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation apathy
who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep’, sposta completamnete
in questa fase il focus verso le persone del popolo, tanto quasi da scordarsi chi realmente lui sia . Questo
tuttavia sarà destinato a culminare, con la parte finale del suo discorso ‘They drew strength from the not so
young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers and from
the millions of Americans who volunteered, organized and proved that more than two centuries later a
governmental ten people, by the people and for the people had not perished from the heart, this is your
victory’. È come se sia stato tutto un modo velato per affermare quanto questo sia un evento straordinario per
la storia degli stati uniti d’America e che sia ancor più incredibile che, due secoli dopo la fondazione, un
nuovo governo sia venuto dal popolo e per il popolo, appartenendo quindi a loro stessi.
Viene quindi ripreso il tea storico principale, che è finalmente citato, pur non essendo estraneo alla società di
quegli anni, viene presento però per un fine specifico, nonostante infatti loro stiano celebrando, ci sono
persone che stanno soffrendo, costrette allo strenuo dalla crisi finanziaria, ‘I know you didn’t do this just to
win election, I know you didn’t do it for me, you did it because you understand the enormity of the task the
lies ahead for, even as we celebrate tonight; we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the
greatest of our lifetime: two wars, a planet in peril, the quest financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand
here tonight, we know that there are brave Americans walking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of
Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children
fall asleep and wonder how they will make the mortgage or pay their doctors Bill or save enough for their
child’s college education’. Si propone come guida, utilizzando una sorta di metafora nella quale paragona il
ripido cammino che deve essere percorso per salire su una montagna a quanto loro devono affrontare,
arrivando a promettere che ce la faranno, riusciranno a salvare il tutto, ‘There’s new energy to harness, new
jobs to be created, new schools to built and threats to meet, alliances to repair. The road ahead will be long,
our climb will be steep, we may not get there in one year or even in one term but America i have never been
more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there, I promise you we and people will get there. (Yes we
can voices)
Abbiamo quindi una sorta di pausa narrativa che collega due tra gli argomenti principali sui quali si articola
il suo discorso, sa infatti che ‘There will be setbacks and false starts there are many who won’t agree with
every decision or policy I make as President and know the government can’t solve every problem but I will
always be honest with you about the challenges we face I listen to you especially when we disagree’ e ancora
‘above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it’s been done in America
for 221 years, block by block, brick by brick calloused hands by calloused hands, what began 21 months ago
in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night’. Fa quindi una richiesta precisa al paese, quella di
non lasciarlo da solo, ma anzi di accompagnarlo a ricostruire ancora una volta il paese, utilizzando una
metafora edilizia che riesce a unire perfettamente il concetto che vuole esprimere; accompagna il tutto con
un grande orgoglio americano, dicendo che nei 221 anni dalla fondazione, ogni presidente ha fatto questo e
lui non vuole quindi essere da mano, lasciando ancora una volta alle spalle rivalità o preferenze che, pur
avendo, non sono considerate necessarie al fine prestabilito.
Il clima viene quindi riportato in basso dicendo ‘this victory alone is not the change we seek, it is only the
chance for us to make that change and that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were’, procedendo
all’elenco di una serie di valori ritenuti necessary per l’opportuno sviluppo di un paese democratico e libero
quale è l’America ‘It can’t happen without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice, so let us summon
a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility where each of us resides to pitch in and work harder and look
after, not only ourselves but each other, let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything it’s
that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers, in this country we rise or fall one
nation, as one people, let’s resist the temptation to fall back the same partnership and pettiness and
immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long, let’s remember that there was a man from state who
first carried the banner of Republican Party to the White House a party founded on the values of self-
reliance, individual Liberty and national unity, those are values that we all share and while the Democratic
Party had won a great victory tonight we, with measure of humility weld determination that heal the divides
that have held back our progress’. Nella parte finale, arriva a dire finalmente quali sono quelle caratteristiche
già accennate precedentemente, che metterà alla base del suo governo, ribadendo che, fin tanto che il
governo democratico persisterà, la scia verso il progresso e l’umile determinazione di restare uniti, non
svaniranno, in uno dei pochi elogi diretti al proprio partito politico.
Arriva qui la seconda importante argomentazione del suo discorso, in cui cita l’auctoritas, ‘As Lincoln said
to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends, through passion may have strained it
must not break our bonds of affection and to those Americans who support i have yet to earn, I may have not
won your vote tonight but I hear your voices, I need your help and I will be your president too’. Potrebbe
sembrare strano ma, il richiamo all’origine, è utile per tentare di infondere speranza sulla popolazione,
presentando le loro possibilità superiori di unire il paese ancora una volta, in un parallelismo con il passato
che vuole unire tutte le persone che lo stanno ascoltando, dimostrando l’importanza dell’amore. Difatti, ‘And
all whose are watching tonight from beyond our shores and parliament’s and palaces, to those who are
huddled around radio in the forgotten corners of the world our stories are similar, but your destiny is shared
and a new Dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those, to those who would tear the world down we
will defeat you, to those who seek peace and security we support you and to all those who have wondered if
America’s beacon still Burns as bright, tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation
comes not from the night of our arms or scale of our wealth but from the enduring power of our ideas:
democracy, liberty opportunity and unyielding hope, that’s the true genius of America, that America can
change, our Union can be perfect, what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must
achieved tomorrow’, vengono messe per iscritto gli ideali condivisi che permetteranno alla popolazione di
scrivere un nuovo future condiviso, presentandosi come colui il quale difenderà chi ha tutto il mondo contro,
supporter chi lotta per ideali comuni di pace, quasi come rispondendosi lui stesso all’antitesi che si pone,
risponendendo a coloro I quali si chiedono se l’America brillerà ancora come una volta.
La sua scelta successive è singolare, sappiamo infatti come la sua campagna precedente si sia basata sullo
slogan ‘yes we can’, eppure qui decide di riprenderlo solo nella parte finale del suo discorso, presentando la
storia di una donna, Ann Nixon Cooper, esempio concreto della sua campagna verso la sensibilizzazione su
temi di uguaglianza e pace citata dalle prime righe, ‘This election had many firsts and many stories will be
told for generations but one that’s my mind tonight’s about a women who cast her ballot in Atlanta, she is a
lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election, except for one thing
and Nixon Cooper is 106 years old’. Vuole mostrare al paese ciò che sono stati, quanti diretti in passato sono
stati violate e indurli al contempo alla riflessione su quanto tutto ciò che oggi viviamo non sia scontato ma
frutto di anni di azioni e lotte di donne come lei, ‘She was bien just a generation past slavery, a time when
there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky when someone like her could’t view for two reasons
because she was a women and because of the colour of her skin. And tonight, I think about that she has seen
throughout her century in America, the heartache and the hope, the struggle and the progress the time we
have told that we can’t and the people who with that American creed, yes we can’, primo segment, in cui
dopo aver presentato la situazione, ritorna ai valori che devono animare le masse, presentando una chiave di
lettura possible. E ancora, ‘At the time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she
lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot yes we can. When there was despair
in dust bowl and depression across the land she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a new deal, need jobs,
new sense of common purpose, yes we can’. Qui presenta la sua forza, la sua abilità nell’andar contro alla
massa in un periodo in cui nessuno osava farlo, riallacciandolo nel segmento successivo alla sua capacità del
creare lavoro, e convivere con una nuova e maggiore consapevolezza, che non l’ha però frenata, in un
paragone con la situazione attuale. Riprende poi gli eventi più important del passato, tutte e tirannie che ha
dovuto attraversare e che però mai l’hanno fermata, portandola a votare, diventando il simbolo di quanto la
mentalità e l’essenza stessa dell’America possa cambiare (‘When the bombs feel on our harbour and tyranny
threatened the world she was there to witness a generations rise to greatness and a democracy was saved,
yes we can. She was there for the buses in Montgomery, houses in Birmingham, a Bridge in Selma and a
preacher from Atlanta, who told the people that we shall overcome yes we can. A man touch down on the
moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination and this year
in this election she touched her Finger to a screen and cast her vote because after a hundred and six years
in America through the best times and the darkest of hours she knows how America can change, yes we
can’).
Abbiamo quindi la parte finale del discorso, la conclusione, in cui il presidente ripercorre i temi e le
argomentazioni affrontate per dare le speranze di un mondo migliore, un mondo in cui i loro figli possano
richiamare quegli ideali tanto agognati, esorta tutti a non essere spaventato, a non lasciarsi prevalere dal
cinismo o da l’eventualità di una possibile non conseguenza ma bensì di rispondere sul momento, aprire
opportunitàm rispondendo a quella chiamta verso una riforma che è tanto necessaria (‘America we have
come so far, we have seen so much but there‘s so much more to do so tonight let us ask ourselves if our
children should live to see next century, if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as an Nixon
Cooper, what change will they see, what progress will have made. This is our chances to answer that call,
this is our moment, this is our time to put our people back to work and open doors opportunities for our kids
to restore prosperities and promote the cause of  peace, to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that
fundamental truth that out of many we are one that while we breathe we hope and we are met with cynicism
and doubts and those who tell us that we can’t we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the
spirit of a people, yes we can’). 
Possiamo quindi comprendere come l’intero intento sia

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible who still
wonders if the dreams of our founder is alive in our time who still questions the power of our democracy,
tonight is your answer. 
It’s the answer told by lines stretched around schools and churches and in numbers that this nation has
never seen by people who waited 3 h and 4h many for the first time in their lives because they believe that
this time must be different that their voices could be that difference. It’s the answer spoken by young and old,
rich and poor, democrat and republican, black and white, Hispanic, asian, Native American, gay, straight,
disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a
collection of individuals nor a collection of red states and blue states we are and always be the United States
of America. 
It’s the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and
doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward
the hope of a better day. It’s been a long time coming but tonight because of what we did on this day in this
election at this defining moment, change has come to America. 
A little bit earlier this evening I received an extraordinary gracious call from senator mccain 
Senator fought long and hard in this campaign and he’s fight even longer and harder for the country that he
loves. () He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine we better off for the
service rendered by this brave and selfless leader I congratulate him, I congratulate governor palin for all
that they’ve achieved and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months
ahead. 
I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigns from his heart and spoke for the men and
women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware the Vice
President elect of the United States joe Biden () and I would not be standing here tonight without the
unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the
nation’s next First Lady Michelle Obama. 
Sasha and malia I live you both more than you can imagine and you have earned the new puppy that’s
coming with us to White House. () and while she’s no longer with us I know my grandmother’s watching
along with the family that made me who I am I miss them tonight I know that my debts to them is beyond
measure to my sister maya my sister alma all my other brothers and sisters thank you so much é for all the
support that you’ve given me I’m grateful to them. 
To my campaign menagerie David plouffe the unsung hero of this campaign who built the best, the best
political campaign i think in the history of the USA. My chief strategist David axelrod who’s been a partner
with me every step of the way to the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made
this happen and I am forever grateful for what you have sacrificed to get it done. 
But above all I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to, it belongs to you, it belong to you. I was
never the likeliest candidate for this office () we did not start with much money or many endorsements, our
campaign was not fetched in the halls of Washington, it began in the beck yards at the morning in the living
rooms of concord and the front porches of Charleston it was built by working men and women who dug into
what little savings they had to give 5, 10 and 20 dollars to the cost. It grew strength from the young people
who rejected the myth of their generation apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered
little pay and less sleep. They drew strength from the not so young people who braved the bitter cold and
scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers and from the millions of Americans who volunteered
and organised and proved that more than two centuries later a governmental ten people, by the people and
for the people had not perished from the heart this is your victory. 
I know you didn’t do this just to win election, I know you didn’t do it for me, you did it because you
understand the enormity of the task the lies ahead for, even as we celebrate tonight; we know the challenges
that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime: two wars, a planet in peril, the quest financial
crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight we know that there are brave Americans walking up in the
deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us (). There are mothers and fathers
who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they will make the mortgage or pay their
doctors Bill or save enough for their child’s college education.
There’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to built and threats to meet, alliances to
repair. The road ahead will be long, our climb will be steep, we may not get there in one year or even in one
term but America i have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there, I promise you we
ad people will get there. 
(Yes we can voices)
There will be setbacks and false starts there are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make
as President and know the government can’t solve every problem () but I will always be honest with you
about the challenges we face I listen to you especially when we disagree and above all I will ask you to join
in the work of remaking this nation the only way it’s been done in America for 221 years, block by block,
brick by brick calloused hands by calloused hands what began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot
end on this autumn night. this victory alone is not the change we seek it is only the chance for us to make
that change and that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It can’t happen without without a
new spirit of service a new spirit of sacrifice so let us summon a new spirit of patriotism of responsibility
where each of us resides to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other, let us
remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while
Main Street suffers, in this country we rise or fall one nation, as one people, let’s resist the temptation to fall
back the same partnership and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long, let’s
remember that there was a man from state who first carried the banner of Republican Party to the White
House a party founded on the values of self reliance and individual Liberty and national unity, those are
values that we all share and while the Democratic Party had won a great victory tonight we si sì with
measure of humility weld determination that heal the divides that have held back our progress. 
As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends, through passion may
have strained it must not break our bonds of affection and to those Americans who support i have yet to
earn, I may have not won your vote tonight but I hear your voices, I need your help and I will be your
president too. 
And all those watching tonight from beyond our shores and parliament’s and palaces to those who are
huddled around radio in the forgotten corners of the world our stories are similar but your destiny is shared
and a new Dawn of American leadership is at hand. 
To those, to those who would tear the world down we will defeat you, to those who seek peace and security
we support you and to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still Burns as bright, tonight we
proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the night of our arms or scale of our
wealth but from the enduring power of our ideas: democracy, liberty opportunity and unyielding hope.
That’s the true genius of America, that America can change, our Union can be perfect, what we have
already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieved tomorrow. This election had many firsts
and many stories will be told for generations but one that’s my mind tonight’s about a women who cast her
ballot in Atlanta, she is a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this
election, except for one thing and Nixon Cooper is 106 years old. She was biennn just a generation past
slavery, a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky when someone like her could’t view
for two reasons because she was a women and because of the colour of her skin. And tonight I think about
that she has seen throughout her century in America, the heartache and the hope, the struggle and the
progress the time we have told that we can’t and the people who with that American creed, yes we can at a t
in é when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed she lived to see them stand up and speak
out and reach for the ballot yes we can. When there was despair in  dust  bowl and depression across the
land she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a new deal, need jobs, new sense of common purpose yes we
can. 
When the bombs feel on our harbour and tyranny threatened the world she was there to witness a
generations rise to greatness and a democracy was saved, yes we can. 
She was there for the buses in Montgomery, houses in Birmingham, a Bridge in Selma and a preacher
from  Atlanta who told the people that we shall overcome yes we can. 
A man touch down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and
imagination and this year in this election she touched her Finger to a screen and cast her vote because
after  hundred and six years in America through the best times and the darkest of hours she knows how
America can change yes we can.
America we have come so far, we have seen so much but there ‘s si much more to do so tonight let us ask
ourselves if our children should live to see next century, if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as
an Nixon Cooper, what change will they see, what progress will have made. This is our chances to answer
that call, this is our moment, this is our time to put our people back to work and open doors opportunities fo
our kids to restore prosperities and promote the cause of  peace, to reclaim the American dream and
reaffirm that fundamental truth that out of many we are one that while we breathe we hope and we are met
with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we can’t we will respond with that timeless creed that
sums up the spirit of a people, yes we can. 
Thank you, god bless you and may god bless the United States of America.